[HN Gopher] Among Europe's Ex-Royals
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       Among Europe's Ex-Royals
        
       Author : lordylord
       Score  : 50 points
       Date   : 2022-04-26 02:02 UTC (20 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theatlantic.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theatlantic.com)
        
       | madaxe_again wrote:
       | Small correction to the article - Alexander Karadordevic is not
       | crown Prince of Serbia, but of Yugoslavia. I went to school with
       | his sons, we were in the same house, same year - they went by
       | "Prince" rather than Karadordevic - quite a few kids had
       | fictitious surnames to avoid attention. They were regular and
       | likeable dudes, liked skating, cars, hip-hop, bad 80's movies,
       | games. Nobody cared that they were princes, or treated them
       | differently, as it wasn't all that unusual at the school, and
       | typically, the higher your rank, the less airs and graces and
       | nobbery you bothered with.
       | 
       | Me, I'm a baronet - not that I ever use the title, or even tell
       | anyone (these days - as a kid rubbing shoulders with outranking
       | aristos it mattered far more to me) - I've grown to think the
       | whole thing bloody stupid, as my politics careened wildly off to
       | the left after a tumultuous start to adulthood - and as I
       | realised I really didn't want all the perceived responsibilities
       | and expectations of an aristo - there are only so many balls and
       | parties and royal enclosures you can go to before you're sick to
       | the eye teeth of it.
       | 
       | I guess the main thing that I saw among those heirs who were
       | expected to actually take a throne, or were the primogeniture of
       | a non-ruling family, was an overwhelming sense of obligation, the
       | anticipation of a life run on rails, the desire to live
       | absolutely wild here and now because later is a gilded cage. It's
       | hard to be an isolated and aloof aristo in the modern world -
       | nobody is raised in court any more.
       | 
       | I can tell you that the millennial heirs of several European
       | thrones are seriously sitting on the fence over whether they'll
       | take the baton - one, I know, definitely won't - another probably
       | will, but intends to fundamentally reshape the monarchy.
        
         | Biologist123 wrote:
         | Thanks for this post. Not standard fare for HN. May I ask - do
         | you ever laugh at the weirdness of it all? That hundreds or
         | even thousands of years ago, a bunch of cut throats and thugs
         | started to give themselves cute names, and - cut to the present
         | - all of the United Kingdom bows and scrapes in deference to
         | their descendants who still sport those made up titles? From
         | the inside - which more or less is your position as a baronet -
         | does this feel more or less peculiar? Do you ever just think,
         | WTF? How did we get to this?
        
           | madaxe_again wrote:
           | >> do you ever laugh at the weirdness of it all?
           | 
           | Incessantly, to the extent that I find it hard to believe in
           | society in any meaningful fashion, as it's all just reified
           | concepts stacked atop one another. It isn't such a leap from
           | "why aristocrats?" to "why states? Why employment? Why three
           | meals a day?".
           | 
           | The best answer I've been able to come up with is
           | security/fear. At almost every scale from PNG tribes to
           | federalised blocs of nations, people rally around the strong
           | man, the protector who exacts a fee, and they follow the
           | rules and expectations set by them. These days, aristos are
           | generally superseded by democratic governance, but the
           | underlying principle, the Leviathan, remains the same.
        
             | Biologist123 wrote:
             | If anything, it gives you a close-up view of man's ability
             | to enchant others with stories and narrative; and for you
             | to exit the fiction where you want to. Although nihilism is
             | a risk as you point out, the upside might be the
             | realisation that meaning can be constructed.
             | 
             | One reason I don't expect millennial princes to exit the
             | monarchy, in the UK at least, is that they won't be allowed
             | to. Because their presence is a cornerstone to the entire
             | fiction that is British social and economic culture, in
             | which many have valuable vested interests.
        
             | Biologist123 wrote:
             | One last question: do you think your level of awareness is
             | commonplace? I appreciate a baronet is not on a par with a
             | Norman robber baron, but do you ever encounter a sense of
             | shame amongst your peers (sorry for the pun).
        
         | B1FF_PSUVM wrote:
         | As a bona-fide commoner, I'll say that it's been at least a
         | couple of centuries since European royalty has been more than
         | at-will employees of the republics ruling the land.
         | 
         | The English went first, poor Charles I was terminated with
         | extreme prejudice when he got ideas.
         | 
         | 'Tis a pity, us commoners could use a good monarch to keep the
         | blood-sucking senators in line.
        
       | ggm wrote:
       | The second HN article in a week in which I can refer to John
       | Steinbeck's work "The Short Reign Of Pippin IV" (1957)
        
       | kingcharles wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/20220418100835/https://www.theatlantic.co...
        
       | goblinux wrote:
       | highly recommend Noble Blood podcast if you like this kind of
       | stuff. totally changed my views on history. the narrator does a
       | great job of showing that people are, and always have been,
       | people - noble or not. part of the reason so many nobles died in
       | the past is that people then didn't know what to do with ex-
       | nobles either
       | 
       | https://noblebloodtales.com/
        
       | gwern wrote:
       | "what do the ex-royals have to offer Europe?" tldr: nothing, for
       | the most part, with the exception of a long profile in the middle
       | of the Albanian pretender, which discusses his argument that
       | Albania is still so impoverished and shattered by the legacy of
       | Communism that some sort of constitutional monarchy would help
       | repair it and enable it to recover and reach its potential. That
       | part is interesting.
        
       | dc-programmer wrote:
       | Friends don't let friends get into neo-monarchism
        
       | verisimi wrote:
       | > What do the descendants of dethroned monarchs have to offer the
       | continent in the 21st century?
       | 
       | They had nothing to offer in previous centuries... why should
       | they have anything to offer in the 21st?
        
         | motohagiography wrote:
         | The royal warrant system in the UK was very successful at
         | promoting national business and culture, and I remember looking
         | into tracking down some of these other european royals to stand
         | up something similar for craftsmanship. The other use is they
         | have convening power, where if they call, people answer, and
         | toward peace and creating value, that's a huge benefit. That
         | convening role has been taken up somewhat by celebrities, but
         | celebrities don't offer dignity to people the same way nobility
         | can. I can't defend the behaviour of any of them, but there is
         | value in the roles they occupy.
         | 
         | The point of nobility is to be able to take risks for
         | principles, and having royals around provides a basis for that.
         | Another is what can only be described as our modern
         | managerialists seem to offer everything to people _except_
         | dignity, and royals can wield that. I 'm all for republics when
         | you can keep them, but I think setting royals up as symbols
         | just to militate against is a bit coarse. They can provide a
         | source of stability and continuity, legitimate convening power,
         | and dignity for people who have earned recognition. Having
         | nobles and royals around is more useful than I think most
         | people realize.
        
         | usrn wrote:
         | I feel like people are about to learn a "Chesterton's fence"
         | lesson on national scales.
        
         | LAC-Tech wrote:
         | Comments like this irritate me to no end. The OP hand waves
         | away centuries of good, bad and indifferent history, in many
         | countries, with a single pithy comment, and people act like
         | that's insightful.
         | 
         | It's barely even worth acknowledging. Don't encourage sassy
         | reddit one liners.
        
           | verisimi wrote:
           | I, the OP, understand why you could be irritated.
           | 
           | In fairness to myself, as someone who holds to individual
           | sovereign autonomy as the only morally acceptable governing
           | principle, I was being consistent!
           | 
           | I don't accept the assumed right of government or of kings to
           | rule over another, or me specifically. Our deferral to people
           | we are taught are our betters, whose pronouncements we
           | unreflectively accept as akin to the word of God, has always
           | been the problem. The solution is individual autonomy.
           | 
           | You may disagree with my view of course, but my one line
           | 'sassy' comment was earnest and in keeping with my position!
        
         | Barrin92 wrote:
         | You may want to remember the moment when the King of Spain
         | successfully preserved the democracy of the country by shutting
         | down a military coup just 40 years ago.
         | 
         |  _" [...]the King of Spain appeared live on television, wearing
         | the uniform of the Captain General of the Armed Forces (Capitan
         | General de los Ejercitos), the highest Spanish military rank,
         | to oppose the coup and its instigators, defend the Spanish
         | Constitution and disavow the authority of Milans del Bosch. He
         | declared: I address the Spanish people with brevity and
         | concision: In the face of these exceptional circumstances, I
         | ask for your serenity and trust, and I hereby inform you that I
         | have given the Captains General of the Army, the Navy, and the
         | Air Force the following order: Given the events taking place in
         | the Palace of Congress, and to avoid any possible confusion, I
         | hereby confirm that I have ordered the Civil Authorities and
         | the Joint Chiefs of Staff to take any and all necessary
         | measures to uphold constitutional order within the limits of
         | the law. Should any measure of a military nature need to be
         | taken, it must be approved by the Joint Chiefs of Staff. The
         | Crown, symbol of the permanence and unity of the nation, will
         | not tolerate, in any degree whatsoever, the actions or behavior
         | of anyone attempting, through use of force, to interrupt the
         | democratic process of the Constitution, which the Spanish
         | People approved by vote in referendum. From that moment on, the
         | coup was understood to be a failure[...]"_
         | 
         | Monarchs still have the same function they always had. The
         | represent a direct connection between the nation and the
         | people, and in times of crisis they can stabilize the nation or
         | put an end to political brinkmanship, even if they only hold
         | symbolic functions.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1981_Spanish_coup_d%27%C3%A9ta...
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | AnimalMuppet wrote:
           | Also note the King of Denmark's role in opposing the Nazi
           | occupation.
           | 
           | And even in England, in _A Man Called Intrepid_ , William
           | Stevenson notes that it was important that the secret
           | services swore their oath to the king rather than the prime
           | minister. That way, if Germany had conquered England and
           | replaced the prime minister, the secret services could have
           | continued fighting without feeling like traitors.
        
           | hulitu wrote:
           | And before that ? When Franco was in power ? What did he do ?
        
             | bonzini wrote:
             | He met secretly with exiled politicians and planned their
             | return.
        
             | evgen wrote:
             | The failed coup attempt was in 1981. Franco died in '75. Is
             | history really this hard for some people?
        
               | ravi-delia wrote:
               | Clearly the person you responded to wasn't asking what
               | Franco did for that particular coup. Having ceded that
               | one king did one useful thing, they pointed out that
               | another was...perhaps less helpful.
        
               | bonzini wrote:
               | Spain had been a republic for almost 10 years when Franco
               | took power. For most of the years when Franco was in
               | power the king had no real powers even though Spain was
               | again formerly a monarchy. Once Juan Carlos was named
               | heir to the throne, he publicly supported Franco while
               | secretly planning the return of exiled politicians and
               | resumption of democracy. He was pretty badass overall.
               | 
               | Maybe you're confusing it with Italy?
        
               | ravi-delia wrote:
               | I was using "king" as a catch-all term for rule by a
               | single individual. Probably lazy in a discussion about
               | actual aristocracy, but in my defense any sole person in
               | charge of a nation could claim to represent a direct
               | connection between the nation and the people.
        
               | LAC-Tech wrote:
               | If there's anything HN threads that deal with history
               | tells us it's - yes, yes it is. Nevertheless people will
               | weigh in with their incredibly strong opinions they have
               | based off of (I presume) hollywood movies. Maybe a lot of
               | people just got finished watching that one where Leonardo
               | di Caprio was Louis XIV, or maybe it was Braveheart.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | > Is history really this hard for some people?
               | 
               | No harder than civility is for others.
        
           | dathinab wrote:
           | They also can to the opposite, i.e. actively destabilizing
           | the country, preventing needed reforms, call for coups etc.
           | In difference to politicians you can't as simply remove their
           | authority on misbehavior because royalty is not something you
           | are elected to.
           | 
           | The fundamental flaw of monarchies is that they raise or fall
           | with the character and competency of a single person (or very
           | small group). (This also applies to system where a single
           | person hold a lot of power mostly unchecked, like e.g. a
           | democratically elected president with way to much power).
           | 
           | Anyway the role they still play differs hugely depending on
           | country. In some it's close to none, in some they still have
           | a bit of old money in some they still have some political
           | influence.
           | 
           | In the end Spain 1981 was lucky, lucky in that the King
           | respected the choice of the people which had removed most of
           | his families power from them. If the King instead would have
           | wanted to reestablish royal power things probably would have
           | ended pretty bad.
        
           | nahuel0x wrote:
           | The same monarchy who supported the Franco fascist coup
           | against the Republic, starting the civil war? Yes, very
           | democratic.
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | > They had nothing to offer in previous centuries...
         | 
         | Are you kidding? They had the tremendous value of "do what I
         | say or I will draw this very long knife and push it into you."
         | 
         | They literally offered the gift of life.
        
         | speeder wrote:
         | I am from Brazil...
         | 
         | The monarchs here been very useful:
         | 
         | 1. Pedro I declared our independence, and later helped Portugal
         | with some crap and became known there as Pedro the Liberator.
         | 
         | 2. Pedro II believed in technology, half of all railways in
         | Brazil was built during his reign, he installed the second
         | telephone in the world in Brazil (the first was obviously,
         | Graham Bell`s one), built a research centre in the same place
         | that produced awesome results (it is not heavily celebrated as
         | launching rockets but most of the food production from Brazil,
         | including exported things, are stuff developed by them at some
         | point) and heavily defended that the education level should
         | rise as whole. Also he, ironically, strengthened a lot
         | Brazillian democracy, he himself believed monarchy to be
         | useless and left basically voluntarily.
         | 
         | Brazil immediately after the coup derailed, the first republic
         | was basically a crappy military dictatorship disguised as
         | republic, it ended with another guy stealing the "throne" and
         | becoming dictator himself, then a period of actual republic
         | voting but with lots of instability and flirting with both
         | fascists and communists, then another dictatorship, and now we
         | have a republic where there were more failed to finish the rule
         | than successes (1 president died, before taking power even, 2
         | were deposed, and only 2 actually got elected and finished
         | their time in power)
         | 
         | The reason monarhy works, in principle, is because the monarch
         | has to think long term, he can't fuck up the country or his
         | heirs will be screwed. Of course there are always someone that
         | go off rails but this apply to any system of government.
         | 
         | The advantage of democracy, in theory, is that there is less
         | violence to choose who is the next ruler... That said our
         | current president was stabbed during elections, a former
         | president was in prison for a while, and politicians here have
         | a knack of having very weird deaths in inopportune moments...
         | 
         | EDIT: I realized I should explain why Pedro I became Pedro the
         | Liberator: Portugal was basically conquered by someone wanting
         | to return Portugal to absolute rule, with the monarch having
         | all the power. Pedro I despite starting with a heavy disvantage
         | managed to free Portugal from the absolutists and put in power
         | a Liberal government.
        
           | diegoholiveira wrote:
           | > The advantage of democracy, in theory, is that there is
           | less violence to choose who is the next ruler... That said
           | our current president was stabbed during elections, a former
           | president was in prison for a while, and politicians here
           | have a knack of having very weird deaths in inopportune
           | moments...
           | 
           | I think you wanna say "the advantage of a republic" because a
           | monarchy doesn't mean lack of democracy. Many europeans
           | countries are a monarchy and a democracy.
           | 
           | Monarchy and Republic are one thing. Democracy and
           | Dictatorship is another thing.
           | 
           | Btw, great explanation about Dom Pedro II, many scholars call
           | him "the magnanimous" and one of the best imperator of the
           | modern times.
        
             | dathinab wrote:
             | They are not really monarchies, they are democracies with a
             | small amount of monarchic elements.
             | 
             | Monarchy in my understanding implies the rule of the
             | monarch.
             | 
             | The Monarchs in most EU countries do not rule, through some
             | have some restricted political influence.
             | 
             | I think the UK might be an exception, where as far as I
             | remember the royalty still theoretically holds pretty much
             | all the power just politely decide to pretend they don't
             | know they still rule. But that might be a misconception of
             | mine.
        
               | diegoholiveira wrote:
               | > They are not really monarchies, they are democracies
               | with a small amount of monarchic elements.
               | 
               | The king is the head of state, so how this is not a
               | monarchy?
               | 
               | > Monarchy in my understanding implies the rule of the
               | monarch.
               | 
               | There are two types of monarchies:
               | 
               | - constitucional, like belgium, netherlands, norway and
               | japan
               | 
               | - absolute: saudi arabia and the vatican city.
        
               | solveit wrote:
               | > I think the UK might be an exception, where as far as I
               | remember the royalty still theoretically holds pretty
               | much all the power just politely decide to pretend they
               | don't know they still rule.
               | 
               | I would say that it is the rest of the country politely
               | pretending that the Queen actually holds the enormous
               | power she is legally entitled to. It is the law that is a
               | polite fiction.
        
           | tsupiroti wrote:
           | The someone was Pedro's brother Miguel. After losing the war,
           | he was banished and his descendents removed from the
           | succession line, but they now claim to be heirs to the throne
           | of Portugal (which nobody really cares about).
           | 
           | This all happened after the royal family escaped the French
           | invasions to Brazil and Rio de Janeiro became the capital of
           | Portugal. The story of Pedro, the independence of Brazil and
           | the Portuguese liberal wars is really interesting.
        
             | B1FF_PSUVM wrote:
             | Make that hugely amusing. The absolutist king, Miguel, had
             | the common people's support. The liberals were basically a
             | bourgeois minority.
             | 
             | It took a foreign invasion - Pedro travelled around in
             | English ships, and his troops had a mercenary backbone - to
             | "liberate" Portugal.
             | 
             | The more it changes, the more it's the same.
        
         | dc-programmer wrote:
         | I don't know if they offered nothing. But European monarchism
         | is a government structure situated in the past. It arose out of
         | the material conditions and culture of a certain place and
         | time, that no longer exist. Further, it's ideological
         | justification, the Mandate of Heaven, would be strongly
         | contested by contemporary people.
         | 
         | So I don't think it's rational to transpose the historical
         | benefits or flaws (if it's even possible to disentangle the
         | causal relationship between government structure and societal
         | outcomes) into the political discourse and assume they would
         | remain the same. One salient massive societal change has been
         | the de-mystification of the aristocracy due to increased
         | transparency. Instead of reverence, commoners view these people
         | with contempt or even pity.
         | 
         | Speaking generally, I think way too much emphasis is being
         | placed on the importance of government structure on outcomes. I
         | understand why programmer types would be drawn to this
         | analysis. But there are more salient dimensions: societal
         | trust, peoples sense of stake in outcomes, the integrity of
         | institutions, and material conditions.
        
         | mongol wrote:
         | Started yesterday to read Churchill's "The Gathering Storm",
         | where he describes the follies of the victors after the first
         | world war:
         | 
         | "Wise policy would have crowned and fortified the Weimar
         | Republic with a constitutional sovereign in the form of an
         | infant grandson of the Kaiser, under a Council of Regency.
         | Instead a gaping void was opened in the national life of the
         | German people. All the strong elements, military and feudal,
         | which might have rallied to a constitutional monarchy and for
         | its sake respected and sustained the new democratic and
         | Parliamentary processes were for the time unhinged."
         | 
         | I will not quote further but in essence he speculates that in a
         | still young Germany, a monarch could have provided the
         | stability that it came to lack, and which in time lead to the
         | fall of its young democracy. A monarch may not be the right
         | answer always, but sometimes it may very well be.
        
           | yywwbbn wrote:
           | Having a king didn't help Italy too much. However Churchill
           | probably had a point conservatives and monarchists weren't
           | really ever wholeheartedly committed to the survival of the
           | Weimar republic. They might not had been as keen to undermine
           | at every opportunity had it been ruled by a monarch. Then
           | again , the nazis might just have turned the emperor into an
           | impotent figurehead (as happened in Japan and Italy).
        
             | danans wrote:
             | > Then again , the nazis might just have turned the emperor
             | into an impotent figurehead (as happened in Japan and
             | Italy).
             | 
             | I bet that is exactly would have happened. The reality is
             | that the advance of science and technology and general
             | literacy was quickly eroding the traditional notion of the
             | monarch having the consent of God or heaven.
             | 
             | By the turn of the 20th century this was almost complete,
             | and largely irreversible. From that point on, the only
             | value left in the monarch in industrialized societies was
             | as a symbol of a national ethnic identity for societies
             | that defined themselves in those terms.
             | 
             | Today, only the most extreme religious movements around the
             | world see a return to monarchical society as a goal. Even
             | the neo-fascists would prefer a dictator drawn from their
             | ilk, not a king.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | There is an observation, though, that most European
               | monarchies that turned into republics or dictatorships in
               | the 20th century did so after losing a major war.
               | 
               | Monarchist countries like the Netherlands, Belgium,
               | Denmark, Norway, Sweden, the UK ... that either stayed
               | out of the war mess or ended up on the winning side were
               | more likely to keep their monarchy.
               | 
               | Prior to the military conflagrations that started in
               | 1914, vast majority of Europeans lived in monarchies,
               | even though the democratization and personal emancipation
               | process was well underway. The only republican countries
               | in Europe at the outbreak of WWI were France, Switzerland
               | and (very recently) Portugal. Well, and San Marino, yes.
        
               | danans wrote:
               | > Monarchist countries like the Netherlands, Belgium,
               | Denmark, Norway, Sweden, the UK ... that either stayed
               | out of the war mess or ended up on the winning side were
               | more likely to keep their monarchy.
               | 
               | If I'm not mistaken, those are also countries that had
               | already significantly diminished the actual power of
               | their monarchs prior to WWI. The UK in particular
               | arguably started that process centuries earlier with
               | Magna Carta. On the other hand, places where the monarch
               | retained the most power, like Russia, saw their monarchs
               | assassinated pretty early in the industrial period.
        
         | bell-cot wrote:
         | In a world where one can be "famous for being famous", where
         | pretenders to titles and thrones can spend half a century
         | pursuing Diplomacy as a semi-professional hobby, and where
         | high-ranking government officials are often out of office
         | within a few years, well-prepared pretenders can occasionally
         | prove quite useful.
         | 
         | And when they're not needed - it's not like they're being
         | _paid_ anything, to keep waiting in the wings.
        
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