[HN Gopher] UK-Morocco 10GW Renewable Electricity Interconnector...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       UK-Morocco 10GW Renewable Electricity Interconnector Planned
        
       Author : redcalx
       Score  : 106 points
       Date   : 2022-04-24 13:14 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (xlinks.co)
 (TXT) w3m dump (xlinks.co)
        
       | jodrellblank wrote:
       | UK is currently generating 30GW from all sources[1], so 10GW is a
       | third of the national power requirement. Germany has just had a
       | hard lesson in having significant energy dependency on Russia.
       | Morocco is UK's 61st largest trading partner[2].
       | 
       | Morocco isn't Russia, but handing your life support to a distant
       | and culturally different country in a less stable world region
       | with limited history of partnership (European colonisation until
       | the 1950s) seems daft. I mean, compared to building nuclear power
       | inside UK territory and wind farms off shore of the UK. For
       | national security reasons if not environmental ones.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.energydashboard.co.uk/live
       | 
       | [2] https://abmec.org.uk/wp-
       | content/uploads/2021/02/2021-02-Moro...
        
         | gnfargbl wrote:
         | I don't think we will actually be getting 10GW net from this.
         | The article itself claims that the project will
         | 
         |  _> deliver 3.6GW of reliable energy_
         | 
         | and
         | 
         |  _> be capable of supplying 8 percent of Great Britain's
         | electricity needs_
         | 
         | ...from which I assume they 're projecting a total energy
         | consumption of about 3.6/0.08 = 45GW in 2030.
        
         | Grimburger wrote:
         | > handing your life support to a distant and culturally
         | different country
         | 
         | As horrible as it sounds, Morocco isn't a nuclear power and
         | would be crushed in an afternoon by UK armed forces while
         | western media across the planet creates a hundred different
         | justifications and the world's diplomats send their
         | congratulations for neutralising the _energy terrorists_
         | because they couldn 't care less what happens to them.
         | 
         | This is a completely different situation wrt to Germany <->
         | Russia
        
           | sudosysgen wrote:
           | That is not true. The UK doesn't have the force projection
           | capability to do that to Morocco, which is a US ally. The UK
           | would get hammered in an attempt to terrorise Morocco.
           | 
           | The only remotely conceivable way that the UK would have of
           | projecting significant power onto the Moroccan mainland is by
           | trying to foment a civil war. Otherwise they would not get
           | anything out of it.
           | 
           | If the US even allowed the UK to do such a foolish thing, it
           | would be disastrous long-term for the whole of Europe.
           | Completely alienating and breaking off with North Africa
           | means that Europe is now completely surrounded with
           | unfriendly countries.
        
             | axg11 wrote:
             | This is false. Not that it matters to the wider argument
             | but UK has plenty of power projection capabilities to mount
             | an offensive in Morocco.
             | 
             | Morocco is even within reasonable distance for the UK to
             | run sorties from UK air bases, let alone including aircraft
             | carriers, cruise missile attacks from submarines, etc.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | It really isn't. The UK has very little in the way of
               | power projection. Sure they could lob a few bombs and
               | fire a few cruise missiles, that's not going to make the
               | Moroccan government turn on solar power. All it will do
               | is make them and the Moroccan people very, very angry.
               | 
               | If you want to take a country's resources by force, there
               | is no option short of a ground campaign. Without a civil
               | war in Morocco (that the UK couldn't make happen even if
               | they tried), there is no way for them to put boots on the
               | ground. The only way would be to cut a deal with Algeria
               | or Mauritania for a ground invasion (not happening!), or
               | to stage some kind of amphibious landing.
               | 
               | I thought that by now people would have understood that
               | you can't win a war through air power only.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | jodrellblank wrote:
           | Realistically though is the UK going to invade Morocco if
           | Morocco gets into a war with {nearby country} and the solar
           | plants are disabled in the fighting? Would the UK be forced
           | to send peacekeeper forces into a former French and Spanish
           | colony, and how would that play out? Is the UK going to
           | invade Morocco over a 10% price hike? A 20% one?
        
           | recuter wrote:
           | Morocco is surprisingly well armed due to the ongoing
           | conflict with their nemesis Algeria.
           | 
           | > Morocco isn't a nuclear power and would be crushed in an
           | afternoon by UK
           | 
           | > This is a completely different situation wrt to Germany <->
           | Russia
           | 
           | The irony is _palpable_. Yes, the UK would probably get a
           | "win" but not in an afternoon and this energy project would
           | be destroyed - rather pointless.
           | 
           | You could just have coal reserves on standby and contingency
           | energy deals with France.
        
         | wewxjfq wrote:
         | > Germany has just had a hard lesson in having significant
         | energy dependency on Russia.
         | 
         | The UK can't quit Russian oil, coal, and gas any faster than
         | Germany - that should teach you a lesson.
        
           | gizajob wrote:
           | The UK isn't dependent on Russian gas though and isn't
           | connected to it. It's reliance on Russian oil is very limited
           | outside of a source of Diesel. Can't imagine it takes a great
           | deal of Russian coal either, given its large coal fields it
           | doesn't bother to use.
        
         | nyokodo wrote:
         | > Morocco isn't Russia, but handing your life support to a
         | distant and culturally different country... seems daft.
         | 
         | Perhaps, but making yourself a vital part of keeping the lights
         | on for a country with a brutal colonial history within living
         | memory, a much more capable military, and a military base 36
         | miles from Tangier... seems even more daft.
        
       | leke wrote:
       | Will countries ever learn to make their own energy! Has this
       | Russia situation taught us nothing!?
        
         | nicbou wrote:
         | The EU situation has taught us many things about collaboration.
        
       | Y-bar wrote:
       | Why does the cables trace the Iberian and French coastlines
       | rather than a taking a more direct route?
        
         | _dain_ wrote:
         | shallower water
        
           | Y-bar wrote:
           | I am not knowledgeable in high voltage transmission, but in
           | which ways does the shallower water depth affect the
           | transmission line?
        
             | tremon wrote:
             | It doesn't; it affects the cost of laying it. The cable
             | must be anchored to the sea floor at regular intervals and
             | it's cheaper to place an anchor at a few hundred meters
             | depth (the coastal shelves) than at 3 km (depth of the
             | Biscay abyssal plain).
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | It wouldn't surprise me either if it helps in some legal
               | situations - if someone runs over your cable in Spanish
               | territorial waters vs international waters for instance,
               | it's probably easier to get paid back.
        
         | hetspookjee wrote:
         | I'm guessing it has to do with the EU, but it seems far more
         | sensical if it went straight through and allow others to
         | give/receive as well.
        
           | nerdawson wrote:
           | That would make it dependent on the countries it hopped
           | through and subject to their political whims.
           | 
           | The Gibraltar issue crops up every now and then for instance
           | so having control over an electrical connection gives the
           | Spanish government more leverage.
           | 
           | Same with France and the dispute over fishing waters. Only
           | recently France were threatening to cut off power to Jersey.
        
             | seszett wrote:
             | > Only recently France were threatening to cut off power to
             | Jersey.
             | 
             | Just want to add that it was a bit different than that.
             | More exactly, an English newspaper asked a French official
             | if cutting electricity off was a possibility and that
             | official answered nothing more than "the treaty that was
             | agreed upon does include this as a possibility".
             | 
             | It was never an actual threat or in any plan at the time.
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | That's not quite correct:
               | 
               |  _[Europe Minister] Clement Beaune, who is a close ally
               | of the French president, Emmanuel Macron, said action
               | would be decided on within days and discussions were
               | already in motion .... [Beaune] added, "We defend our
               | interests. We do it nicely, and diplomatically, but when
               | that doesn't work we take measures. The Channel Islands,
               | the UK, are dependent on us for their energy supply. They
               | think they can live on their own and badmouth Europe as
               | well. And because it doesn't work, they indulge in one-
               | upmanship, and in an aggressive way"_
               | 
               | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/05/france-uk-
               | jers...
               | 
               |  _" Reducing supplies (of electricity to Jersey) is
               | possible, but cutting the power to every Jersey resident
               | this winter is something that will not happen and
               | something that I do not want," Europe Minister Clement
               | Beaune told BFM-TV in an interview._
               | 
               | https://www.dailysabah.com/world/europe/france-could-
               | reduce-...
               | 
               |  _France could cut electricity supply to UK Channel
               | Island Jersey unless a post-Brexit fishing agreement is
               | respected, Maritime Minister Annick Girardin told the
               | French parliament May 4._
               | 
               | https://www.spglobal.com/commodityinsights/en/market-
               | insight...
               | 
               |  _French fishermen are struggling to obtain fishing
               | licenses allowing them to keep working in U.K. waters,
               | including in Jersey. They must show they have been
               | fishing in these waters from 2012 to 2016 using GPS data,
               | which some don 't have. "As you know, the [Brexit]
               | agreement contains retaliatory measures ... So as far as
               | Jersey is concerned, I would remind you, for example, of
               | the transport of electricity via submarine cables. So we
               | have the means, and even though I'm sorry it has come to
               | this, we will do so if we have to," she told the French
               | parliament._
               | 
               | https://www.politico.eu/article/fishing-brexit-eu-uk-
               | jersey/
        
             | WastingMyTime89 wrote:
             | There is a very easy way for the UK to solve the Gibraltar
             | issue. The same line of reasoning would also allow it to
             | drastically improve its relationship with Argentina.
        
               | blibble wrote:
               | the fact that the people don't want to be Spanish or
               | Argentinian is just a small inconvenience to be ignored,
               | right?
               | 
               | (referendums in both were >99% remain in the UK)
        
               | argsnd wrote:
               | Yeah just hand over any territory anyone ever makes a
               | weak claim to just to avoid conflict despite the wishes
               | of the people who live there.
               | 
               | Has your "Z" bumper sticker arrived in the mail yet?
        
               | WastingMyTime89 wrote:
               | Let's conveniently forget that Gibraltar is actually
               | territorially part of Spain, most essential facilities
               | are provided by Spain, that a significant proportion of
               | jobs necessary to it are held by Spaniard and that
               | Gibraltar economy is due to it being a tax haven which
               | would stop if it was part of Spain. Oversee territories
               | are a shame on every countries that still hold them be it
               | the UK or France.
        
               | blibble wrote:
               | > Let's conveniently forget that Gibraltar is actually
               | territorially part of Spain
               | 
               | it is most definitely not
               | 
               | it handed it over in the peace treaty that ended the war
               | 
               | > The Catholic King does hereby, for himself, his heirs
               | and successors, yield to the Crown of Great Britain the
               | full and entire propriety of the town and castle of
               | Gibraltar, together with the port, fortifications, and
               | forts thereunto belonging; and he gives up the said
               | propriety to be held and enjoyed absolutely with all
               | manner of right for ever, without any exception or
               | impediment whatsoever.
               | 
               | full text here: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Peace_and_
               | Friendship_Treaty_o...
               | 
               | > Oversee territories are a shame on every countries that
               | still hold them be it the UK or France.
               | 
               | meanwhile Spain has two enclaves of the exact same type
               | of in Morocco, Ceuta and Melilla
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | How is the Spanish claim on Gibraltar weak? They border
               | it, it was taken from them at gunpoint, and it's
               | extremely dependent on Spain for services and labour.
        
               | anamax wrote:
               | Sharing a border isn't a claim. (France and Spain share a
               | border - which one has a claim as a result?)
               | 
               | Every border is a result of "taken from them at
               | gunpoint." (It's not hard to find folks who had large
               | pieces of Spain taken from them at gunpoint.)
               | 
               | Dependency isn't a claim. It is, however, a tool for
               | taking.
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | "There is a very easy way for Ukraine to solve the Russia
               | issue". In the case of Gibraltar, the UK can merely
               | bypass Spain for its energy needs.
        
       | BurningFrog wrote:
       | > _The Morocco-UK Power Project will be powered by a wind and
       | solar farm, approximately 1,500km2 in size_
       | 
       | I'm intrigued by how 1,500km2 of partial shade will transform the
       | Sahara ecosystem.
       | 
       | I hope it will make more life possible in the shade.
        
         | 7952 wrote:
         | Large wind turbines are spread out so will probably occupy much
         | more land but not cast shadow.
        
         | missedthecue wrote:
         | The Sahara is 9.2 million km2. So probably not much change for
         | the ecosystem.
        
       | fulafel wrote:
       | Editorialized title is wrong, the cable is not 10GW according to
       | the page.
        
       | giorgioz wrote:
       | Given how many from the comments and me have come to understand
       | this is a BREXIT move I just want to say:
       | 
       | This is NOT technology is GEOPOLITICS, and it sucks!
        
         | cptcobalt wrote:
         | It can be both at the same time. This is bringing more
         | renewables and energy storage online. Any way you slice it,
         | this is a global need.
        
       | 35mm wrote:
       | Why not the south of Spain? Just as much sun and more politically
       | stable.
        
         | blibble wrote:
         | increasing energy dependence on the EU seems unwise given its
         | attempts to use it for political leverage:
         | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2021/oct/05/france-uk-jers...
         | 
         | the government agrees: https://news.sky.com/story/jersey-
         | fishing-dispute-frances-si...
         | 
         | (and has denied construction of new interconnectors to France
         | since)
         | 
         | Spain would definitely use an interconnector as leverage re:
         | Gibraltar
        
           | bdauvergne wrote:
           | UK which of course never used unrelated subject like fishing
           | rights or immigration as a political leverage. \s
           | 
           | Every country in the EU submit to the majority law, that's
           | the idea of an union, even France or Germany do not have
           | everything to their liking every time.
        
             | throwaway894345 wrote:
             | The point wasn't "the UK is better than Spain" but rather,
             | "energy dependence on Spain is not in the UK's best
             | interest".
        
               | bdauvergne wrote:
               | Without any argument apart "there seem to be rules to
               | follow inside the EU" it seems unsubstantiated.
               | 
               | A better argument would be that digging or laying 3000Km
               | 12GW terrestrial electric line through Spain and France
               | would be expensive and especially difficult to sell to
               | them, even if they could benefit from the energy.
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | It's already been clearly substantiated: running the
               | cable through Spain or France would give leverage to
               | those countries regarding (among other things)
               | territorial disputes. This has nothing to do with the EU
               | except in the tangential sense that Spain and France are
               | both member states.
        
             | Veen wrote:
             | Which is precisely why the UK is no longer in the EU. It no
             | longer has to follow "majority law" and can do what is in
             | its own best interests.
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | > and can do what is in its own best interests.
               | 
               | If it did that, it wouldn't have gotten out of the common
               | market. The UK is _way_ past sensible choices in its best
               | interests, and is firmly in the  "cut its nose to spite
               | the EU".
        
               | blibble wrote:
               | how you leave the legal framework without exiting the
               | "common market" (single market)?
               | 
               | the answer is: you can't
        
         | giorgioz wrote:
         | I do wonder the same but about Portugal. Portugal would be
         | closer than the south part of Spain.
        
         | zikero wrote:
         | On what grounds are you claiming Morocco is less politically
         | stable?
        
           | rationalfaith wrote:
        
           | KarlKemp wrote:
           | The grounds under our feet, i. e. reality: https://en.wikiped
           | ia.org/wiki/Democracy_Index#/media/File:De...
        
             | varajelle wrote:
             | Democracy [?] politically stable
        
               | KarlKemp wrote:
               | True, in the sense that being healthy is also less stable
               | than being dead.
               | 
               | Wrong, in any meaningful way, and obviously so: the
               | linked index rates democracy on multiple dimensions,
               | including protection of civil liberties, electoral
               | process and pluralism, functioning of government,
               | political participation, and political culture. It's
               | impossible to rate high on all those issues and not be
               | "stable" in any meaningful sense.
               | 
               | FWIW Morocco is also quite stable, among the best both in
               | Africa and the Arab world.
        
               | DuskStar wrote:
               | > It's impossible to rate high on all those issues and
               | not be "stable" in any meaningful sense.
               | 
               | However, a dictatorship can ALSO be stable - just look at
               | North Korea. Democracy is not the only way to achieve
               | stability.
        
         | a_humean wrote:
         | It has the whiff a brexit about it. The current government is
         | allergic to most forms of UK/EU cooperation. They don't want to
         | give the EU extra leverage in the future, so its a means of
         | diversification esp in the context of a lack of political will
         | (strong NIMBY sentiment) to seriously invest in on-shore wind
         | power in the UK. We already have 3-4 interconnects with EU
         | countries if I recall: France, Ireland, Netherlands, ??? (a
         | fourth?).
         | 
         | EDIT: Belgium and Norway is the fourth and fifth respectively,
         | and apparently Denmark is planned.
        
           | throwaway894345 wrote:
           | Genuine question: what's wrong with diversification? Isn't
           | that a good thing?
        
             | a_humean wrote:
             | There isn't anything wrong with diversification, and this
             | might even be a good idea.
             | 
             | I'm just commenting upon the likely motivations are
             | primarily domestic politics and geopolitics given its
             | pretty obvious that you could achieve similar results by
             | doing this with onshore wind and solar installations in
             | southern Spain with lower technical and cost requirements.
             | 
             | Its definitely true that outside of the EU we are going to
             | be treated differently than if we were EU members. EU
             | members will always come first, and geopolitical spats with
             | say Spain over Gibraltar or France over fishing that would
             | otherwise get mediated via the EU could now be higher risk
             | in future.
        
               | 7952 wrote:
               | The cable may be cheaper but what about land value?
        
         | mardifoufs wrote:
         | Morocco is pretty stable. There are no sectarian tensions,
         | tribalism is basically non existent, and even the western
         | sahara situation is stabilized with the US recently recognizing
         | Morocco's claim to the region. Keep in mind that the moroccan
         | state has existed in some form or another for around 1300
         | years. so the country is much more cohesive, and the central
         | power more powerful than other "newer" post colonial countries.
         | 
         | It's very very far from being a perfect or even good country
         | (for most of us moroccans), but it has an almost bulletproof
         | record w.r.t foreign investment. The usually very slow
         | "makhzen" (state bureaucracy) can suddenly become super super
         | efficient to attract foreign capital. Tanger-MED and the huge
         | automobile industry around it is a very good example of that.
        
         | tobylane wrote:
         | The local residents would complain about the project. In
         | perfect English as there are many English retirees in southern
         | Spain.
         | 
         | A few percent more sun, cheaper builders, I can understand this
         | choice.
        
       | popol12 wrote:
       | Sounds inefficient How big are the loss on such a high distance
       | connection ?
        
         | FpUser wrote:
         | If you do not really know the loss why does it "sound
         | inefficient"? I am pretty sure they've done all the due
         | diligence and if the project is a go then the losses are
         | acceptable.
         | 
         | I am more interested (again if the project is a go) what
         | happens if / when some "friendly" people will mess with the
         | cable.
        
           | TheSpiceIsLife wrote:
           | Worth noting the project isn't even funded yet.
           | 
           | https://doomberg.substack.com/p/20000-volts-under-the-
           | sea?s=...
        
         | mabbo wrote:
         | High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) is much more efficient at
         | transmission over long distances than AC. It can throw off your
         | intuition on these things.
         | 
         | In China, there is a 3300 km line like this moving 12GW of
         | power. This is a little bit longer, but not by much.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-voltage_direct_current
        
           | semi-extrinsic wrote:
           | The line you're talking about is part of China's UHVDC grid,
           | which is all on land. The Chinese have invested more than
           | $100 billion into this over the past twenty years, because
           | they have to, all their power generation is far from their
           | cities.
           | 
           | The longest submarine HVDC line today is something like 600
           | km. There are no UHVDC submarine lines.
        
           | pxeger1 wrote:
           | The reason AC is often believed to be more efficient is
           | because higher voltages of either type are more efficient
           | (less loss to electrical resistance), and it's much easier to
           | step voltage up and down using AC.
        
             | anamax wrote:
             | Another advantage of DC over AC is that DC doesn't have to
             | be synchronized wrt frequency, phase, or power-factor.
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | Transformers are very efficient and easy to make for sure,
             | and can 'easily' step up to millions of volts.
             | 
             | Longer distance runs of AC can have a lot of losses though
             | due to inductance, especially when they're close to large
             | conductive masses (like seawater or earth).
             | 
             | DC requires expensive conversion equipment to get back to
             | AC for the grid.
             | 
             | AC is cheap for short runs. Usually AC vs DC high voltage
             | starts to be equally cost effective around the several
             | hundred miles of buried lines, and a clear winner around
             | the 1000 mile range (efficiency and capex wise).
             | 
             | HVDC can also allow grid balancing when disparate grids are
             | connected (different frequencies and voltages for
             | instance).
        
         | KarlKemp wrote:
         | 3.5 % per 1,000 km, according to
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-voltage_direct_current,
         | which comes out to around 10 %.
        
           | munch117 wrote:
           | 14% (1,035^3,8)
        
         | Diggsey wrote:
         | Wikipedia quotes losses of 3.5% per 1,000 km.
        
         | onethought wrote:
         | 3.5% per 1000km.
        
       | _fizz_buzz_ wrote:
       | This sounds like brexiteer project. Doubt this will actually
       | happen. 3800 km of undersea HVDC cable just to circumvent the EU.
       | 3800 km is the distance from St.Petersburg to Marocco.
        
         | dankboys wrote:
         | Ah yes, famously brexit didn't happen
        
         | mike_hearn wrote:
         | Brexit isn't mentioned anywhere and the physics of it would be
         | the same regardless of the EU existing or not. The reason to go
         | direct to Morocco are that transmission through regular AC
         | grids would lose virtually all the power before it gets
         | anywhere near the UK. 10GW is a hell of a load and you can't
         | just pretend a grid is a bathtub at these scales.
         | 
         | But as you brought it up, even if there was a semi-conductor
         | breakthrough tomorrow the political reasons to go direct would
         | still be there. The EU wants the UK to be subservient to the
         | Commission for ideological, political and economic reasons. The
         | UK doesn't want to be back in that situation. The EU would
         | absolutely make energy transit dependent on all manner of
         | entirely irrelevant topics - fish is the current one but there
         | would be others - and thus making electricity supplies
         | dependent on the EU would end up being equivalent to being
         | sucked back in, not as a member state but as a vassal state.
        
           | sofixa wrote:
           | > The EU wants the UK to be subservient to the Commission for
           | ideological, political and economic reasons. The UK doesn't
           | want to be back in that situation.
           | 
           | What a load of Brexiteer crap. The UK was never subservient,
           | they were among the top decision makers and powers in the EU.
           | Brexit UK wants to have its cake and eat it too and is simply
           | impossible. You can't be independent from the EU on trade and
           | power simply because of the proximity and history. Blindly
           | cutting off your nose to spite the EU is as dumb as it was
           | when all of this started. As soon as the UK recognises it
           | needs the EU as much as the EU needs it, all will be better.
           | 
           | Few egregious examples of the UK being intentionally obtuse
           | to spite the EU while also harming itself - refusals to
           | accept existing treaties on a bunch of stuff, refusal to
           | accept treaties they signed a few months ago. The whole NI
           | question for which they still haven't accepted a solution.
           | The fish debacle ( the UK refusing to license EU-based
           | ships).
        
             | mike_hearn wrote:
             | The UK had to implement EU decisions and laws, including
             | those the government and voters directly disagreed with.
             | That is what subservient means, in this context.
             | 
             |  _The fish debacle ( the UK refusing to license EU-based
             | ships)._
             | 
             | There are lots of licensed EU fishing vessels. Note that
             | Jersey isn't actually a part of the UK, technically it's a
             | Crown Dependency. Anyway. The full story of the dispute is
             | much more complicated than that:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2021_Jersey_dispute
             | 
             | Summary:
             | 
             | - After Brexit an amnesty period was agreed before the new
             | fishing permissions were enforced on UK/Jersey territorial
             | waters.
             | 
             | - French fishermen reacted by adopting unsustainable
             | fishing techniques like aggressive trawling. Basically
             | trying to extract as much marine wealth as possible before
             | they were restricted. "Young accused French trawlers of
             | "breaking the spirit of the amnesty" and that due to recent
             | dredging by French trawlers that Jersey's marine ecology
             | "won't take this for much longer and, if it goes on, we
             | will have to close the area off for years". This hadn't
             | been anticipated in the agreement and appears to have
             | poisoned relations from the get-go.
             | 
             | - The agreement involved granting licenses to fishermen who
             | had been fishing there previously and could evidence that.
             | The French authorities weren't submitting valid evidence to
             | the Jersey authorities (blaming bureaucratic screwups like
             | lost documents).
             | 
             | - Because the evidence wasn't meeting the requirements,
             | licenses weren't always being issued quickly.
             | 
             | So far, ordinary bureaucracy. It should have never really
             | reached public attention at all, as it could have been
             | sorted out between the local authorities. Unfortunately
             | what followed was this:
             | 
             | 1. Blockades of Jersey harbor by the French fishermen, with
             | the French government doing nothing.
             | 
             | 2. French boats were repeatedly caught illegally fishing,
             | claiming they'd been told by the French government they
             | could fish wherever they wanted. See the trawling problems
             | above.
             | 
             | 3. Shortly after, the French government banned Jersey
             | fishermen from landing fish in France. No justification was
             | given. This was in violation of the agreement and Jersey
             | thus said it'd appeal to the EU Commission. That was not
             | only ignored but the French simply escalated the ban to
             | include all freight movements, again, in plain violation of
             | the agreements.
             | 
             | 4. The French government then escalated again and
             | threatened multiple times to cut off Jersey's electricity
             | supply in retaliation.
             | 
             | From the UK's perspective this was all well out of
             | proportion to the scale of the problem. Also it involved
             | unilateral violations of the agreement by France, no
             | workable suggestions for how to do things better and after
             | that an MEP argued that it should be escalated to full
             | blown trade sanctions. Without passing judgement on which
             | side was "right" in this dispute it's obvious why the UK
             | would want to diversity energy supplies away from the EU.
        
               | mrlonglong wrote:
               | Boring codswallop.
        
               | gghhzzgghhzz wrote:
               | If you were one of the big 3 then you pretty much get to
               | decide what laws / fines apply and what don't. This was
               | often used to the advantage of the British governments to
               | claim that they were being forced into doing something
               | that they actually wanted to do, but would have an issue
               | passing domestically.
               | 
               | Fishing 'debacle' was because the UK governments have no
               | interest in fishing nor in the far wider issue of the
               | sustainability and viability of costal communities. They
               | were happy to give away fishing rights because that's
               | what the needs of the markets demand. They only become
               | interested in fishermen/women when they think there are
               | some votes in it. Same for Macron.
               | 
               | It's all extremely cynical. And I say this as someone who
               | voted for Brexit, and would do so again.
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | In this case the dispute was with the independent Jersey
               | government and part of their justification for the number
               | of licenses provided was sustainability. You could argue
               | that this justification was a lie I suppose, but it'd be
               | good to have some evidence to support that.
               | 
               | OTOH, the UK government recently (2020) passed laws that
               | overrode Jersey's independence in this regard and there
               | were rumours that the UK was getting ready to basically
               | give the EU what they wanted here in return for
               | concessions in other areas, much to the outrage of people
               | on Jersey itself. However, that hasn't materialized. So I
               | guess we'll see to what extent you're proven right.
        
             | Veen wrote:
        
               | sofixa wrote:
        
               | blibble wrote:
               | > The world doesn't revolve around you
               | 
               | meanwhile you've posted 5 times in this thread about UK
               | energy policy
        
             | tinco wrote:
             | Stop being so adverserial. Parent hasn't stated any pro-
             | brexit sentiment so just assume they're arguing in good
             | faith.
             | 
             | The whole idea of the EU is that all nations in it are
             | subservient to the commission. We like it that way because
             | that makes the collaboration more rational and it makes the
             | rising tide lift all the boats. Wether you agree with it or
             | not, the idea of the Brexit is that the UK can be strong
             | without the EU, possibly even stronger. Wether that will
             | happen remains to be seen.
             | 
             | But how can you say they can't be independent of the EU in
             | power while commenting on an article that's literally about
             | them establishing power bypassing the EU?
             | 
             | I'd love for the UK to come back to us in the EU. But their
             | "intentional obtuse"-ness is exactly what they should be
             | doing to make good on their promises to the citizens of the
             | UK.
        
               | detritus wrote:
               | This is an absolutely valueless comment, so I apologise:
               | but I just wanted to thank you for writing one of most
               | sincerely level-headed responses I've seen in relation to
               | Brexit, and from someone 'over the fence' at that.
               | 
               | I aspire to be as considerate and reasonable in my
               | dialogue on the subject, as much as I'd like it to go
               | away (much like most Europeans, I guess!) :)
        
               | arlort wrote:
               | > The whole idea of the EU is that all nations in it are
               | subservient to the commission
               | 
               | It really really isn't though
        
               | tinco wrote:
               | It really is though
        
               | dankboys wrote:
               | Then it's even more useless than being an auditor at the
               | commission
        
           | mrlonglong wrote:
           | Bollocks, to put it succinctly.
        
           | _fizz_buzz_ wrote:
           | "Securing Britain's energy supply by diversifying from EU
           | interconnectors"
           | 
           | Also, it's kind of funny how you say it has absolutely
           | nothing to do with Brexit and immediately jump into an anti-
           | EU rant, probably not the smoothest transition :D
        
             | mike_hearn wrote:
             | I don't see that as an anti-EU rant but more like a neutral
             | description of the situation. The EU has been completely
             | open that its ideal scenario now is that the UK would agree
             | to implement all EU rules and laws as before, but without
             | being a member. It has been willing to enforce trade
             | sanctions on the financial system in order to try and get
             | what it wants in unrelated areas like immigration law. And
             | the EU did nothing when one of its two most powerful
             | members asserted its intention to use electricity supply
             | cutoffs to gain leverage in fishing rights disputes.
             | 
             | These things are all matters of fact. From the EU's
             | perspective these things are not "negative" exactly, but
             | merely the way they play the game. Everything is connected
             | to everything else and any inter-dependency may become
             | leverage in any unrelated area of cooperation at any time.
        
             | yakak wrote:
             | Not sure about the description of the region, but UK
             | legitimizes Morocco's position in land disputes to
             | undermine EU seems a possibility to me.
        
               | robonerd wrote:
               | Can you expand on the EU's stake in Moroccan border
               | disputes? I'm aware of the West Sahara / SADR situation,
               | but my impression is that the EU has little legitimate
               | stake in that dispute except for their desire to fish in
               | those waters. And Europe seems willing to deal with
               | Morocco for permission to do that.
        
               | yakak wrote:
               | I was hoping someone with more knowledge of the situation
               | would chime in..
               | 
               | My understanding is that:
               | 
               | Acting as a group the EU has made some "pragmatic"
               | decisions like fishing in western Sahara waters, but
               | probably found it relatively easy to turn down less
               | economic and/or more illegal activities as a block. If
               | the UK were to more fully ignore UN decisions and accept
               | natural resource from the disputed lands, the loss of
               | respecting the rules is much more a loss for the EU than
               | Morocco.
        
             | logifail wrote:
             | > "Securing Britain's energy supply by diversifying from EU
             | interconnectors"
             | 
             | Honestly, the EU27 have their own home-grown grid problems
             | to deal with[0], helping third countries transit power
             | through the EU territories must be right at the bottom of
             | the list!
             | 
             | Austria and Germany had a single electricity price zone ...
             | until October 2018, one of the reasons blamed for the split
             | was "slow grid expansion"[1].
             | 
             | [0]
             | https://www.euractiv.com/section/electricity/news/german-
             | ele...
             | 
             | [1] https://www.apg.at/api/sitecore/projectmedia/download?i
             | d=24f...
        
               | alibarber wrote:
               | This is basically my reading of the situation. After
               | reading the article I was certain the comment section
               | here would look like this, but anyway, my take home is
               | 'technological advances mean it is now easier just to lay
               | a long cable on the sea floor than all of the political
               | maneuvering needed to transit power across multiple
               | countries'
               | 
               | Obviously- that may be wrong, but let's see, would be
               | cool if it's true.
        
           | arinlen wrote:
           | > Brexit isn't mentioned anywhere and the physics of it would
           | be the same regardless of the EU existing or not.
           | 
           | The point of mentioning Brexit is to stress that the physics
           | alone makes this sort of project hard to justify on technical
           | grounds, specially when there is a wealth of renewable energy
           | projects right around Britain's corner.
           | 
           | You need to be specially motivated to circumvent any of the
           | low-hanging fruit projects with European nations to head down
           | to Africa to get your electricity.
        
             | mike_hearn wrote:
             | I remember doing a bit of spare time research into getting
             | power from the Sahara desert when I was a school kid. The
             | idea is obvious - solar power requires lots of sunshine and
             | land that isn't being used for anything. The UK doesn't
             | have that, the Sahara desert does.
             | 
             | If it's an idea obvious enough to occur to a teenager 20
             | years ago it hardly requires politics to explain why it
             | comes up now, does it? At the time I gave up on the idea
             | because either I didn't find out about HVDC or it wasn't as
             | effective as it is now. Transmission losses seemed to kill
             | the idea. Now apparently that's more or less solved and
             | other issues dominate like manufacturing costs and mineral
             | availability.
             | 
             | As for renewables being abundant near by - where? UK
             | already built tons of windmills. You can't get baseload-
             | level renewable power from adding more of those because
             | there are days when the wind stops blowing. As for solar in
             | Europe, land is at a premium there and they're already
             | wanting to use available resources for their own needs,
             | rightly so. Also worth considering - for unclear reasons
             | global wind speeds have been slowing down over time. Long
             | term wind projects need to factor that in to their economic
             | calculations. Solar doesn't have that issue.
        
           | nbevans wrote:
           | Exactly. The last couple years has really let the mask slip
           | on what the EU stands for and they've made it expressly clear
           | how they intend to treat the UK going forward - despite the
           | UK's best efforts to forge a genuinely strong relationship,
           | this has been rebuffed at every opportunity. We are "fair
           | game" to them now. So it makes complete sense to design
           | future energy projects with sovereignty in mind.
        
             | KarlKemp wrote:
             | The EU does not think of the UK in that way.
             | 
             | In fact it tends not to think of the UK at all, these days.
             | 
             | As to being "fair game": that's true, in the sense that the
             | EU will place the interests of member states over those of
             | the UK. That dynamic must be among the least surprising
             | developments of history, considering it is both obvious and
             | formed the core of every serious prediction in the run-up
             | to Brexit.
             | 
             | There was plenty of swagger back in those days with
             | fantasies of renewed UK superpower domineering the EU and
             | extracting every concession it can think of. "Fantasy"
             | because that's just not how it works if the other party
             | makes up 60 % of your foreign trade, but you make up less
             | than 10 % of theirs.
             | 
             | So here we are now, with the UK coming up with these
             | harebrained schemes that feel like some party organized
             | with the specific purpose of not inviting your ex.
        
               | toper-centage wrote:
               | The UK playing victim is the reason Brexit happened in
               | the first place. No wonder their residents continue being
               | brainwashed in that sense.
        
               | gizajob wrote:
               | Maybe many of the residents of the UK see the creepy
               | undemocratic bureaucracy of the EU for what it is, and
               | it's single-speed forward into the future federal state
               | of Europe wasn't something they wanted to be a part of.
               | This isn't brainwashing, but people feeling more need for
               | control and action on a local level, not their national
               | parliaments being subsumed and subverted by Brussels, and
               | the diverse peoples of the continent being treated as if
               | they were all one thing.
        
               | KarlKemp wrote:
               | _yawn_
        
               | dmitriid wrote:
               | > creepy undemocratic bureaucracy of the EU
               | 
               | > need for control and action on a local level
               | 
               | Ah you mean that local control and democracy when the
               | party with 13% of the votes gets 0.2% seats in the
               | parliament", right? [1]
               | 
               | [1] Great CGP Grey video on the 2015 General Election in
               | the UK: https://youtu.be/r9rGX91rq5I
        
               | gizajob wrote:
               | I haven't got time for a deep-dive into statistics or
               | methods of representation right now, which clearly need
               | improving. The fact of the matter is that more people in
               | the UK voted to leave the EU than even bothered to vote
               | in the election of EU representatives in the election
               | before. The EU failed to make a case for the importance
               | of its democratic process, and rested content in its
               | level of power existing despite this failure to reach
               | people with its electoral process, and 51% of the
               | electorate of the UK saw fit to remove themselves from
               | the EU when given the opportunity to. My main suprise was
               | caused by the UK doing this probably some 15-20 years
               | before it really became a pressing question, but it was a
               | case of "now or never" and swathes of people in the UK
               | decided they didn't want to be involved (all seemingly
               | for an individual set of personal reasons that are hard
               | to form any consensus toward).
        
               | dmitriid wrote:
               | > which clearly need improving.
               | 
               | Indeed, they do. So you really have no right to point
               | fingers at "non-democratic EU bureaucracy" when _at
               | worst_ it 's the same system as in the UK.
               | 
               | > The EU failed to make a case for the importance of its
               | democratic process
               | 
               | You realise that the UK was in the EU? That it was one of
               | its founding members? That the perceived failure to do
               | anything about this process is shared by the UK as well?
        
               | mike_hearn wrote:
               | It's not the same system. In the EU the executive
               | dominates the legislature because only the executive can
               | initiate the process of changing the law. The executive
               | in turn is controlled by one person who is not selected
               | via any democratic process or in fact any documented
               | process at all (nobody really knows why vDL was selected
               | as current EU Commission head).
               | 
               | That's why when you read about EU law changes you so
               | often read about negotiations between the Parliament and
               | Commission. In the UK the executive branch implements the
               | will of the legislative branch. In the EU the Parliament
               | is often found implementing the will of the executive.
               | Technically it's not a Parliament at all, due to this
               | lack of the "right of initiation".
        
               | gizajob wrote:
               | The UK wasn't a founding member of the EU, but I see your
               | point. Regardless of the UK's role, I feel that many in
               | the UK regard it's parliament as the highest authority in
               | law- and decision-making. Any body resting higher than
               | that is going to face difficulty when attempting to claim
               | greater and greater control over laws, and running them
               | from "far away" even if that far away place was Brussels.
               | The UK also wasn't part of the Euro, and so one of the
               | main benefits of EU membership and coherence was missing.
               | There was also a general feeling amongst the working
               | classes that the low-wage sector was being undermined by
               | labour coming in freely from abroad, mainly eastern
               | Europe, and this wasn't reciprocal, i.e. they couldn't go
               | to eastern Europe, or basically anywhere else in Europe,
               | and get the same benefit from doing so.
               | 
               | P.s. a broken and undemocratic or unrepresentative
               | bureaucracy is not going to be solved or fixed by adding
               | higher levels of beuraucracy.
        
               | gizajob wrote:
               | This doesn't seem like a harebrained scheme, but a
               | challenging one of moving renewable energy from where it
               | is abundant to where it is required. An example of a
               | harebrained scheme would be Germany's reliance on Russian
               | oil and gas.
        
             | pydry wrote:
             | The tories have been negotiating in bad faith on Brexit
             | since day 1 and never really stopped. Stuff like the
             | Internal Market Bill etc
        
             | logifail wrote:
             | > The last couple years has really let the mask slip on
             | what the EU stands for and they've made it expressly clear
             | how they intend to treat the UK going forward
             | 
             | I've just paid a EUR5 handling fee (just the handling fee,
             | there was zero customs fee or any VAT levied) to receive an
             | item sent by post from the UK to the EU, it was sent by
             | post with a declared value of PS3, and labelled as a gift.
             | 
             | Yes, I know all about declaring artificially low customs
             | values - been there, done that - but in this case it was a
             | single item of used childrens clothing, the best part of 40
             | years old(!) and of absolutely zero value other than to the
             | recipient, it was being gifted from one generation to the
             | next.
             | 
             | Somehow cheap electronics orders from China seem have
             | always sailed through EU customs just fine :/
             | 
             | OTOH I can fly to Stansted for less than EUR10 all-in.
             | Maybe next time it would be cheaper to fly to the UK and
             | collect in person. Given the challenges of climate change,
             | this option in particular appears to demonstrate how not-
             | joined-up international policymaking currently is :(
        
             | jodrellblank wrote:
             | > " _We are "fair game" to them now._"
             | 
             | As we should be. "We" spent years going "we've got the EU
             | over a barrel, we'll make them bend to our whim, they need
             | us more than we need them". Brexiteers now finding out that
             | "leaving the EU" means we're _no longer on their side_ and
             | negotiating against 27 united countries sucks, well it
             | would be funny if it wasn 't hurting so many people.
        
             | WastingMyTime89 wrote:
             | > the UK's best efforts to forge a genuinely strong
             | relationship
             | 
             | Last time I checked the UK was still the sole country in
             | the world refusing an official ambassador status to the
             | representative of the EU and the sole country to have
             | threaten to unilaterally withdraw from an international
             | treaty with the EU in clear breach of international law. I
             | think your definition of genuine and mine differ
             | substantially.
        
               | nbevans wrote:
               | Check again - the ambassador status was granted last
               | year.
               | 
               | The genuine best efforts spanned from 2017-ish
               | (negotiations didn't start in 2016 after the vote) to
               | 2019. It took a while for the UK to realise the EU no
               | longer wanted to be friendly and cordial, and that's when
               | the UK's own stance finally changed.
               | 
               | A bilateral treaty between the UK and EU is not
               | "international law". A bilateral treaty contains exit
               | clauses that can be invoked if necessary. The Geneva
               | Convention is an example of an international law. Though
               | I don't know specifically what you are referring to in
               | your example.
        
               | blibble wrote:
               | > Last time I checked the UK was still the sole country
               | in the world refusing an official ambassador status to
               | the representative of the EU
               | 
               | you're not exactly up to date as this was sorted almost a
               | year ago
               | 
               | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-politics-57002735
        
             | imtringued wrote:
             | The EU ignores the UK to the extend that the UK wishes to
             | be ignored by the EU.
        
             | VBprogrammer wrote:
             | You don't think it had anything to do with the whole of the
             | EU being blamed for ever ill to befall the UK for the last
             | 7 years? Or the negotiations in bad faith where
             | international law was treated as "more like guidelines
             | anyway"?
        
           | dmitriid wrote:
           | > The EU wants the UK to be subservient to the Commission for
           | ideological, political and economic reasons
           | 
           | You mean, the UK was one of the three largest powers in the
           | EU with all the power to influence its policy and direction
           | which it did.
           | 
           | Instead, the UK adopted the attitude of "we are a superpower,
           | you owe us everything, we owe you nothing" to which the
           | planet's largest economic union and one of the planet's
           | largest markets calmly responded, "u wot mate?"
           | 
           | About a year into the whole Brexit brouhaha the EU said,
           | look, here are the various agreements and levels of
           | agreements we have with all the countries [1] (taking from
           | the amazing short overview here [2]). You don't want Norway
           | style because "it's EU with extra steps", you don't want
           | Switzerland-style because "same thing", you don't want
           | Ukraine or Turkey-style because you don't want to be bound by
           | EU trade agreements etc.
           | 
           | At every step of the way UK's reaction was "these Brussels
           | democrats are smothering our great independent nation, they
           | must give us everything we want". That's not how negotiations
           | work. Especially not with an economic block of ~450 million
           | people who are your biggest trading partners.
           | 
           | And after all that puffing and chest-beating, almost seven
           | years into the whole Brexit ordeal UK also "suddenly"
           | discovered the whole Northern Ireland border issue. Which
           | tells you a lot about the competence of your government.
           | 
           | So, no. UK went from being the country with the largest
           | influence on EU policy to an outside country that has to deal
           | with the EU on the same terms as every other country from
           | outside the EU.
           | 
           | [1] https://i.imgur.com/m2e5PGa.png
           | 
           | [2] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=agZ0xISi40E
        
           | matthewdgreen wrote:
           | But presumably an interconnect from Morocco->Spain would free
           | up export resources from France, which could then be exported
           | to the UK via a shorter interconnect. Similarly, direct HVDC
           | connections can be run overland rather than under the sea.
           | I'm not saying these solutions are better. I'm asking how
           | much of the current proposal is due to political constraints
           | and how much is actually the best engineering solution given
           | the resources available.
        
         | mardifoufs wrote:
         | I mean it probably would've been very hard to route it through
         | Europe too. Morocco already has powerlines with Spain, but I'm
         | not sure if it would make sense to transport that much energy
         | through the existing grid? Especially since very high voltage
         | powerlines are inherently more efficient, so a direct link
         | might make sense. I'm not familiar with how the EU grid is laid
         | out though, and the little knowledge I have is pretty specific
         | the Quebec Grid.
        
           | KarlKemp wrote:
           | It'd be stupid to run a cable straight through the EU, as
           | well, yes. You want to be part of a large and diverse grid.
           | Then, you add or reinforce long-distance connections based on
           | observed patterns.
           | 
           | So the UK should get over itself, connect to larger grid
           | that's already operating on three sides. The same is probably
           | true for Morocco, and at some point these photovoltaic-in-
           | the-desert ideas will become economical, although I'm not
           | entirely sure if we are there yet (the desert is less ideal
           | for solar cells than one thinks, because heat isn't linear
           | proportional to irradiation).
        
             | sgt101 wrote:
             | It is connected, via France.
             | 
             | There was a fire recently, but it's a strategic connection.
             | 
             | https://ifa1interconnector.com/
             | 
             | Also the UK is connected to Norway
             | 
             | https://northsealink.com/
             | 
             | And Ireland also
             | 
             | https://www.eirgridgroup.com/customer-and-
             | industry/interconn...
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | masklinn wrote:
             | > It'd be stupid to run a cable straight through the EU, as
             | well, yes.
             | 
             | Politically, maybe. Technically and financially, not at
             | all.
             | 
             | There's 3GW of interconnection between france and the UK
             | with a 4th under construction, and france is a broker / hub
             | between germany, italy, spain, and the UK (as well as its
             | own production).
        
               | justincormack wrote:
               | France won't let solar from Spain into their grid as it
               | undermines their nuclear financing. So from Morocco is
               | off the table. A Spain UK connection was planned and
               | seems sensible.
        
               | masklinn wrote:
               | > France won't let solar from Spain into their grid as it
               | undermines their nuclear financing.
               | 
               | Complete nonsense. France buys renewable electricity from
               | neighbours all the time, both for itself and to sell to
               | other neighbours. France also sells its own electricity.
               | 
               | A new interconnect between france and Spain is under
               | construction (the biscay bay line), in order to bring the
               | exchange capacity between them up to 5GW.
        
           | Symbiote wrote:
           | The European grids, and some neighbouring countries, are
           | shown here: https://www.entsoe.eu/data/map/
        
         | petr_tik wrote:
         | > This sounds like brexiteer project.
         | 
         | Given that the UK has left the EU, couldn't you call every
         | trade deal or cultural exchange with a non-EU country a Brexit
         | project?
         | 
         | Even if it is, what is wrong with that? The people of Britain
         | voted for Brexit and now need their elected officials to
         | deliver, which motivates projects like these
         | 
         | Edit: to clarify, i live in London and i didn't vote for
         | Brexit. Regardless of the outcome, I consider it a national
         | security issue and a productivity boost to have cheap energy
         | collected from a diverse set of sources from solar plants
         | abroad to domestic nuclear energy plants and off-shore wind
         | turbines.
         | 
         | If you live in Britain, would you really prefer Britain stop
         | investing in projects like these, just because there was an
         | election result you disagreed with?
        
           | matthewdgreen wrote:
           | I'm just curious if a direct interconnect from Morocco->UK is
           | the best solution from an engineering perspective, or if a
           | Morocco->EU->UK interconnect would work better without the
           | politics.
        
           | blibble wrote:
           | > The people of Britain voted for Brexit and now need their
           | elected officials to deliver
           | 
           | the desired position of many is that the UK should crawl off
           | into a corner and almost die, then will have to come crawling
           | back to the EU to show that is indispensable
           | 
           | projects like this work counter to that narrative
        
         | giorgioz wrote:
         | Yes it does, I'm not sure why they can't just put wind turbines
         | in the UK. I'm sure there is plenty of wind there too.
         | 
         | Also it would seem the south of France or Portugal would be
         | much closer for the solar part.
        
           | varajelle wrote:
           | > I'm not sure why they can't just put wind turbines in the
           | UK.
           | 
           | From the article:
           | 
           | > When domestic renewable energy generation in the United
           | Kingdom drops due to low winds and short periods of sun, the
           | project will harvest the benefits of long hours of sun in
           | Morocco
        
           | jodrellblank wrote:
           | Right now (Sunday afternoon) the UK is getting about 1/3rd of
           | the nations power from wind turbines, more than any other
           | single source:
           | 
           | https://www.energydashboard.co.uk/live
           | 
           | https://winderful.uk/
        
             | gizajob wrote:
             | Great stats, and great username. Hope you're near to the
             | great telescope. Spent some joyous school trips there as a
             | child.
        
           | Kognito wrote:
           | For context the UK is already massively invested in wind
           | turbines, with a lot more investment going into off-shore
           | farms. On a good windy day, current capacity might satisfy
           | ~40% of grid demand and this will only increase. However, the
           | wind doesn't always blow and a cache of coal-fired power
           | stations are kept on hand to quickly be able to plug the gap.
           | 
           | If this is economical enough - I'd be all for it rather than
           | paying energy companies to keep coal-fired power stations
           | ready to belch out smog at a moments notice.
        
             | justincormack wrote:
             | Gas fired not coal. Its faster to spin up.
        
       | rationalfaith wrote:
        
       | trebligdivad wrote:
       | I wonder what it would take to cut say a year off the time line;
       | I realize 5 years isn't huge for a big project, but being pretty
       | desperate for energy I wonder what it would take.
        
       | kkfx wrote:
       | Oh, nice, so in case of wars a cheap submarine can just put a
       | small and cheap charge deep in the sea and boom, 10GWp power are
       | out of the UK national grid. How nice.
       | 
       | My fellow humans remember a thing: a national grid is not
       | national because of politics but because a such critical part of
       | a country infra it's better to be self-sufficient under nation
       | borders and hopefully self-sufficient inside those borders even
       | in case of major attacks (translated, not few big power plants,
       | but many small and a distribution network designed to survive
       | significant damages).
       | 
       | We, westerners have had the best industry and technology in the
       | world, now for some neoliberals economic devastating ideas we
       | pull it apart outsourcing anything because that's pay back, in
       | thin air, well, and now we see a new world power, China, arise
       | and we see our power wane. How much damage we want to take before
       | annihilating with lifelong court rulings against those economy-
       | driven society? We really want to wait till being completely
       | lost?
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | This goes for all infrastructure. Destroying it is much easier
         | than making it. But that 'cheap' submarine won't be as cheap as
         | you think it is and it still has to do it undetected and it has
         | to achieve some kind of objective. It also immediately gets
         | _two_ countries pissed off at you, one of which is in NATO and
         | may well see an attack on its infrastructure as an overt act of
         | war.
         | 
         | So you better think this over long and hard before sending your
         | cheap submarine down there.
         | 
         | Personally I'd be much more concerned about the kind of damage
         | marine life, fishing and cargo ships would do to that cable and
         | how to armor against that. Probably by the time you've taken
         | all that into account you have also defended against that sub.
         | And finally, the same thing of course goes for all of those
         | other undersea cables, communications ones for instance.
        
           | kkfx wrote:
           | Under the sea who know for sure who made what? Even an ally
           | can do such sabotage just to generate a military response
           | against a common enemy he want to aggress but can't do
           | without allies and those allies are not much interested if
           | not forced or even a simple self-inflicted damage to justify
           | a war the public do not accept but _some_ in the government
           | /elites want... Did you remember just Britannia to cite
           | something from history or the outcome of the attacks of
           | Charlie Hebdo, Bataclan and Nice have generated?
           | 
           | Such attacks can even disable half a country grid just due to
           | the big drop in frequency of the whole grid, spark enormous
           | outrage and can also be both really damaging and really quick
           | to fix. Life it's complicated, where no one can easy see
           | anything can happen, design things to _avoid_ potential
           | attack surface is a good way to protect themselves.
           | 
           | We do not normally have strokes, but we put defibrillators
           | everywhere for a reason, we do not have much car accidents
           | but we design cars to make us survive important ones etc. A
           | critical infra like an energy grid... Oh, sure we in the west
           | are equally dependent on foreign supply chains for oil,
           | uranium etc but we stockpile them a bit, months for oil, an
           | year or two for uranium, it's not the same of electricity in
           | a grid...
           | 
           | Just see how many issues are there due to some supply chain
           | issues in south China or the "Ever given" crisis in Suez. We
           | are already hyper-vulnerable planning even bigger
           | vulnerabilities for the future it does not sound that smart
           | to me.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Conspiracy thinking isn't going to stop infrastructure
             | projects from happening. For now. Fortunately.
        
           | 7952 wrote:
           | I think it is just plowed into a trench and covered back up.
        
       | cptcobalt wrote:
       | This is rad.
       | 
       | > Alongside the consistent output from its solar panels and wind
       | turbines, an onsite 20GWh/5GW battery facility provide sufficient
       | storage to reliably deliver each and every day
       | 
       | Four hour battery storage for renewables. The way of the future.
       | 
       | > This "first of a kind" project will generate 10.5GW of zero
       | carbon electricity from the sun and wind to deliver 3.6GW of
       | reliable energy for an average of 20+ hours a day.
       | 
       | The classic error, mixing up units: "3.6GW of reliable energy".
       | The writer certainly means power here. [1] I work in energy, and
       | have had teams like legal (and tools like Grammarly) think we're
       | just mixing up words for fun. Regardless, definitely seems like a
       | very sufficient install to supply real power and charge the
       | battery for load shifting at utility scale.
       | 
       | [1]: https://energyeducation.ca/encyclopedia/Energy_vs_power
        
         | baybal2 wrote:
        
         | throwaway894345 wrote:
         | Isn't 4 hours of battery storage much too low? How is that
         | considered "reliable"? What am I missing?
        
           | cptcobalt wrote:
           | Indeed, if we're assuming that they'll charge during the day
           | to discharge at full power at night, it won't cover all of
           | overnight use, but with the current composition of grids
           | typically it's what you need to cover after sundown until
           | most go to sleep (and energy use reduces). A project like
           | this doesn't _need_ to reduce base load, but there surely
           | needs to be renewable (or nuclear) energy projects to replace
           | base load. (This is an over simplification, but base load
           | supply is built to be more steady state, less real-time
           | reactive to the needs of grid.)
           | 
           | Also, the "time" of the battery is just a function of storage
           | size and inverter sizing at peak discharge. It's often
           | selected based on how the operator expects it to be used.
           | (For example, Tesla sells megapacks in 2hr/4hr variants [1],
           | and I think a lot of other grid-scale storage works this way.
           | A 2hr megapack replaces some battery bays with more
           | inverters.) While the battery is 4 hour capable, the operator
           | could really intend for this to provide a constant overnight
           | supply, and it could certainly provide that.
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.tesla.com/megapack/design
        
             | throwaway894345 wrote:
             | Interesting, but does this assume Morocco won't have a
             | cloudy week or something (I understand that Morocco's
             | climate is almost always sunny, but even still)? I always
             | assumed the threshold for "reliable renewable energy" began
             | at a week's worth of storage.
        
               | fauigerzigerk wrote:
               | Not that I know anything about this, but isn't it the job
               | of "the grid" to make sure all sources of energy combined
               | can provide the necessary power at all times? No
               | individual power source is ever completely reliable.
               | 
               | Please forgive my naive question. I have exactly zero
               | relevant expertise.
        
               | cptcobalt wrote:
               | Yes!
               | 
               | The grid is one of the world's largest real-time reactive
               | machines. Power is generated on the fly as you need it.
               | You could draw a direct path from your home A/C switching
               | on all the way back up the chain to some source needing
               | to push power to meet your demand.
               | 
               | The supply of the grid is a big mix of diverse sources:
               | renewables, natural gas, hydro, nuclear, coal--whatever.
               | Each power source has different pros and cons, and you
               | cannot really over-index on one to have a reliable grid.
               | For example, nuclear is a fantastic and relatively clean
               | source for base load (obviously, when handled
               | responsibly), but not great to provide power that reacts
               | to the shifts of demand through the day. Solar,
               | obviously, doesn't work at night. The grid operator has
               | to build a supply mix that fits the needs of their
               | region. (And that's typically by facilitating energy
               | market with different energy products where generators
               | bid and participate.)
        
               | cptcobalt wrote:
               | This project also includes wind, which doesn't require
               | sun.
               | 
               | "A week's worth of storage" feels somewhat like an
               | armchair simplification. It roughly sounds on target if
               | we're moving toward the march of nines for real-time
               | zero-carbon power supply, but...that honestly doesn't
               | need to be the target expectation for today. Long term
               | goal, yes. Today's targets really should be to get to
               | 90-95% renewable, since chasing the last 5% will be the
               | hardest and most expensive--and that's probably where we
               | can acceptably use some dirtier backup sources. With the
               | state of the grid today, there's lots and lots of power
               | sources that can be replaced for cheaper and cleaner
               | before we need to chase the long tail of 100% renewable
               | at all hours during every season.
               | 
               | The reality though, is that all of these requirements are
               | modeled, and the operator surely has their install
               | min/maxed for typical use.
               | 
               | At the risk of being off topic, I personally have what
               | energy-wonks could consider a "three hour" system (10kW
               | solar, 15kW/43.5kWh battery, my typical daily energy use
               | is between 25-50kWh, higher if I need to charge the car)
               | and have done two weeks fully off-grid last summer, which
               | included some cloudy weather. (True off-grid: the utility
               | breaker was open to hard disconnect from the grid). While
               | I could probably live full-time off grid in the summer, I
               | definitely feel its better to have my system help clean
               | up the grid where possible. So there's really a _lot_ of
               | flexibility to be had depending on the system 's
               | requirements.
        
               | throwaway894345 wrote:
               | > "A week's worth of storage" feels somewhat like an
               | armchair simplification.
               | 
               | It is. The way I've heard it explained by energy experts
               | (or people who were introduced by the media as such) was
               | that storage needs to be on the order of days/weeks, not
               | hours. I'm sure that's something of a crude
               | oversimplification for a lay audience and certainly not a
               | rugged analysis for this particular project.
               | 
               | > With the state of the grid today, there's lots and lots
               | of power sources that can be replaced for cheaper and
               | cleaner before we need to chase the long tail of 100%
               | renewable at all hours during every season.
               | 
               | I'm of the impression that "clean carbon" peaker-plants
               | are fairly inefficient because there's a fair amount of
               | overhead in starting them and consequently they don't
               | actually end up being that much cleaner. :/
               | Unfortunately, I wish I had more to offer than "this is
               | what I've heard an alleged energy expert say". :(
        
           | Retric wrote:
           | Capacity factor, across 24 hours a 30% capacity factor works
           | out to 7.2 hours at max output. Being able to 4 hours of max
           | output is therefore 55% of the total energy produced in the
           | average day.
           | 
           | Grid demand is also significantly higher in the daytime so
           | that 4h of battery allows you to very closely match users
           | demands over 24 hours or ramp up during peak demand and fall
           | back on other sources at night.
        
             | ncmncm wrote:
             | Anyway, just now money is _overwhelmingly_ better spent on
             | top-line renewable generating capacity. There is no value
             | in storage you are not generating enough power to keep
             | charged up.
             | 
             | Furthermore, cost of storage is falling even faster than
             | wind or solar ever did. Wait until next year, and you get
             | lots more storage for your money.
             | 
             | Finally, batteries are good for very short-term storage --
             | their round-trip efficiency and fast response are
             | unbeatable -- but they cost more than alternatives. For
             | storage you don't need to draw down every night, something
             | you can fill cheap tanks with is better even if round-trip
             | efficiency is low. Something you can _also_ sell when your
             | local tanks are full, and buy if they seem likely to go
             | dry, is better yet.
             | 
             | So, expect to see a lot of anhydrous ammonia long-term
             | storage. Also, hydrogen, and liquid nitrogen. And, lots of
             | tropical sites synthesizing for export to higher latitudes
             | in winter, and lots of higher-latitude cities importing it
             | in place of LNG and oil.
             | 
             | It is kind of surprising to see the batteries set up in
             | Morocco, not in UK. That might be politics. Typically,
             | storage is best suited near point-of-use.
        
           | imtringued wrote:
           | Those 4 hours don't mean wall clock time, they mean it takes
           | 4 hours to discharge the battery at its maximum discharge
           | rate.
           | 
           | In other words, the battery would bridge exactly 4 hours of
           | 0% power generation. The moment you have more than 0% power
           | generation but still less than 100%, the battery will last
           | more than 4 hours of wall clock time.
        
           | MrPatan wrote:
           | It's very reliable compared to 0 hours of battery storage
        
         | sofixa wrote:
         | > Four hour battery storage for renewables. The way of the
         | future.
         | 
         | Only the beginning of the way i hope. 4 hours isn't even close
         | to being enough for "reliable" electricity generation.
        
           | cptcobalt wrote:
           | See my comment here:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=31144464 -- The operator
           | is picking a "bigger" battery, smaller inverters. This means
           | they're intending to use the stored energy over a longer
           | period of time. There are similar sized batteries with bigger
           | inverters, when a greater need for peak power discharge (or
           | charge) is expected.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | danans wrote:
           | 4 hours is solidly in the middle of what is needed for the
           | daily peak load management tier of the energy storage problem
           | [1], which is how we experience electricity "reliability" on
           | a day to day basis, and it is the upper end of what is
           | economical for lithium ion batteries.
           | 
           | Beyond that, other technologies (pumped hydro, perhaps
           | hydrogen electrolysis) are more economical.
           | 
           | 1. https://storagewiki.epri.com/index.php/Energy_Storage_101/
           | Te...
        
           | BurningFrog wrote:
           | Adding battery power for v2 should be one of the easier
           | upgrades.
           | 
           | I assume batteries in 10 years will be vastly better/cheaper.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Why not pump the energy into the EU grid at bottom and pull it
       | out in the north?
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | I don't think there is such a grid with this spare capacity.
        
         | samwillis wrote:
         | I assume control, with the investment coming from the UK they
         | want to have control of it. If it has to go via the EU they
         | would loose that control and could potentially lose access.
        
         | fulafel wrote:
         | If you sell in place a and buy back in place b, you might
         | sometimes get less of it back for the same money.
        
       | qwedf wrote:
       | The latest Doomberg does a great job in pointing out the
       | practical flaws.
       | 
       | https://doomberg.substack.com/p/20000-volts-under-the-sea
       | 
       | "The Xlinks project is a pretty good concept, and yet...it needs
       | access to materials already claimed by many others at prices
       | increasing by the day, it needs to build an entire HVDC industry
       | in Britain from the ground up, and it needs money, lots of it."
        
         | redcalx wrote:
         | For the battery storage, perhaps they will ultimately choose
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithium_iron_phosphate_battery.
         | The cable manufacture seems like more a 'when' rather than an
         | 'if' problem. The scheduled first phase of construction is
         | 2025-2027, which we can reasonably expect to be delayed by 2-3
         | years if they are trying to build new manufacturing capability.
         | Overall this still looks to be in the realms of possible/viable
         | IMO.
        
         | rcMgD2BwE72F wrote:
         | How much?
        
       | aaron695 wrote:
        
       | Yuioup wrote:
       | Yeah no, this is Brexit twaddle.
        
       | gnfargbl wrote:
       | This is a proposal for a 3.6GW interconnector (as 2 x 1.8GW HVDC
       | cables). The headline here is incorrectly editorialized.
        
       | credit_guy wrote:
       | I find liquefied Hydrogen to make more sense. In case of conflict
       | (like now), undersea cables can be sabotaged with plausible
       | deniability. The Royal Navy can protect a tanker en route from
       | Morocco to UK, or a convoy of such tankers, there were two times
       | in the not so distant history when it had to do just that. But
       | how do you protect a continuous line of a few thousand km?
       | 
       | Separately, if at some random point in the future the relations
       | between the UK and Morocco go south, it's much easier to change
       | suppliers if you use tankers. The EU is investing massively in
       | Hydrogen, so the Worldwide Hydrogen market will be quite mature
       | in 10 to 20 years.
       | 
       | Even from Morocco's point of view, the same calculus applies. If
       | the UK sanctions Morocco, and refuses to take delivery of
       | electricity, how do you find an alternate buyer if the
       | transmission line is in place? With Hydrogen tankers, you simply
       | start selling to China or someone else, or you put the Hydrogen
       | in some medium-long term storage. This gives you more leeway to
       | negotiate whatever diplomatic situation you found yourself in.
        
         | kibwen wrote:
         | Rather, the thing that makes the most sense is for countries to
         | rely exclusively on local power generation, and completely
         | eliminate their reliance on other countries for energy. There
         | is no infrastructure more fundamental than energy, because
         | energy underlies all other infrastructure. Swapping out oil or
         | coal or gas for liquefied hydrogen (or enormous
         | intercontinental power lines) just trades one poor situation
         | for another. Don't rely on any energy that you couldn't
         | immediately switch over to providing yourself, even if it means
         | paying an eye-watering premium.
        
         | kaibee wrote:
         | > But how do you protect a continuous line of a few thousand
         | km?
         | 
         | Cameras/sensors, and fast response time. You could put a sensor
         | package every couple km. Given the amount of power this
         | installation delivers, it wouldn't exactly break the bank.
        
       | samwillis wrote:
       | This is really interesting in the context of what is happening
       | locally to my home, we are about two miles from what is planned
       | to be the UK largest domestic solar farm [0,1]. It will output
       | 350MW, so the one proposed in Morocco will be about 28 times the
       | size.
       | 
       | There has been a significant push back against the project
       | locally and so I suspect it won't be built to the scale proposed.
       | The main criticism is that the land is particularly fertile.
       | 
       | 0: https://www.mallardpasssolar.co.uk/
       | 
       | 1: https://www.stamfordmercury.co.uk/news/amp/clock-is-
       | ticking-...
        
         | redcalx wrote:
         | Yes, I don't see the logic of using fertile agricultural land
         | for solar PV. It seems like short term thinking and a planning
         | failure. I've heard at lest one similar story regarding
         | reforesting, i.e., a scheme that was planning to use fertile
         | land in Wales that was ultimately canned due to local
         | objections/resistance.
        
       | redeyedtreefrog wrote:
       | So if it goes ahead it will generate 10.5GW, but deliver 3.6GW
       | for "20+ hours a day". I guess the 10.5GW figure is peak
       | generation during the day with lots of wind + sun, then by using
       | batteries it will be able to consistently deliver approx 1/3 of
       | that, or 8% of current UK demand (from the article). Makes sense,
       | but the headline used by the submission is a bit misleading.
       | 
       | At the same time, the electrification of heating + transport is
       | predicted to approximately double UK electricity demand by 2050.
       | So even if this goes ahead and works as intended, it will end up
       | providing something like 4% of the UK's needs.
       | 
       | A whole bunch of comments here comparing this idea negatively to
       | wind, nuclear or tankers filled with hydrogen (?!). Even if it
       | goes ahead, there need to be like a dozen other new projects of
       | similar scale just to meet demand on these small islands. If you
       | also want to provide carbon free electricity to the other 10
       | billion people likely to be living on this planet by that 2050,
       | then you need to multiply that dozen projects by a factor of at
       | least 100.
        
       | danw1979 wrote:
       | Wowsers, 200km2 of _tracking_ solar. This is an ambitious
       | project.
        
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