[HN Gopher] London's Lost Ringways
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       London's Lost Ringways
        
       Author : bananapear
       Score  : 120 points
       Date   : 2022-04-22 08:42 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.worksinprogress.co)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.worksinprogress.co)
        
       | zabzonk wrote:
       | Whilst things like Westway are an abomination, the other parts of
       | London's road structure are little better. I used to live just
       | off the South Circular, which is a road system in notion only -
       | there are almost no dual carrige-ways, and the route simply joins
       | up a lot of suburban minor roads. The North Circular is somewhat
       | better (unless you live next to it), but not much.
        
       | Markoff wrote:
       | To save you a click - there are no lost ringways in article,
       | whole article is about UNREALIZED ideas, not about losing any
       | existing ringways.
        
       | tagersenim wrote:
       | I do _not_ like the way the text scroll just 'jumps' ahead when
       | scrolling down after the header picture. The title has
       | disappeared above your screen before you have time to read it. It
       | reminds me of the Apple product pages, whereby your scroll is
       | constantly hijacked by spinning pictures of laptops opening and
       | closing.
        
         | saaaaaam wrote:
         | Yes the user experience on this site is AWFUL on mobile.
         | 
         | The stand-first vanishes when you scroll but the bottom of it
         | is cut off so you have to scroll to be able to read it.
         | 
         | Then when you scroll a pop-up appears asking me to sign up to
         | emails.
         | 
         | Absolutely not.
         | 
         | I gave up even trying to read the article.
        
       | rmason wrote:
       | Couldn't you use Elon Musk's Boring Company to recreate the
       | missing Ringways as underground tunnels?
       | 
       | I remember as an American overseas in 1975 that it was one of the
       | most baffling aspects of driving in London. I don't know if they
       | still do it but the rental car companies would offer to drive you
       | from Central London to the beginning of the freeway. Assuming
       | they took either a bus or the tube back.
       | 
       | I took a trip to Bournemouth to see a ham radio buddy and ended
       | up being white knuckled the entire way. After our visit I ended
       | up turning the car in and taking the train back into London!
        
       | somewhereoutth wrote:
       | Is it now time to start digging these things (where they actually
       | were built) up?
       | 
       | Dismantling freeways, returning neighbourhoods. The harder it is
       | to get anywhere by car, the more people will demand good public
       | transport.
        
       | fmajid wrote:
       | Those proposals were extreme, specially Ringway 1, but getting
       | around London is far worse than in Paris, which has the benefit
       | of Haussmann's boulevards pierced after the upheavals of
       | revolutions, and the Peripherique. Political stability entrenches
       | vested interests and NIMBYism, like the fact much of London's
       | choicest property is still owned by descendants of the feudal
       | aristocracy and people don't own the land their houses are built
       | on, they just lease them like medieval serfs would have, since
       | land reform never happened in England.
       | 
       | At one point, there was even a proposal to build massive highways
       | _underground_ instead, but Paris ' friable limestone (just as in
       | London) and long history of undocumented quarries make any
       | tunneling effort fraught.
        
         | bb123 wrote:
         | > people don't own the land their houses are built on, they
         | just lease them like medieval serfs would have, since land
         | reform never happened in England.
         | 
         | I'm curious about this - are you referring to leaseholds?
         | Because that seems to mainly exist for flats. If you have a
         | freehold (like almost every house has) you definitely own the
         | land.
        
           | algesten wrote:
           | Technically the Queen (the crown) owns all the land. In
           | practice it doesn't make much difference, but it does kick in
           | if a freehold suddenly has no owner.
        
             | desas wrote:
             | In reality, all nations have dealt with that problem in
             | roughly the same way, the land reverts to the state.
             | 
             | In the US if an owner of property can't be identified, then
             | it's given to the state to deal with and in France it goes
             | to the local authority.
             | 
             | In most of the UK, the land is given to the Crown Estate
             | (not the monarchs personal property but to fund the
             | country). The exception is Cornwall and Lancashire, where
             | it's given to the relevant duchies (i.e. the prince of
             | wales and the monarch), who by convention sell it and
             | donate the proceeds to charity.
        
           | ealexhudson wrote:
           | Freehold didn't apply to much of London. Many areas are still
           | technically owned by large landowners, Dukes and so forth.
           | 
           | Not a huge amount of London, and not most of greater London,
           | but definitely applicable to the Royal boroughs.
        
             | samizdis wrote:
             | You might find Guy Shrubsole's book, Who Owns England?, an
             | interesting read. It deals with land ownership, so not
             | directly with freehold v leasehold for householders, but it
             | contains some startling statistics.
             | 
             | There's a decent review of the book (from 2019) here:
             | 
             | https://www.theguardian.com/books/2019/apr/28/who-owns-
             | engla...
        
           | cnorthwood wrote:
           | Freehold houses aren't as common as you think, especially in
           | London. Across England about a third of houses are leasehold.
        
         | kmlx wrote:
         | > but getting around London is far worse than in Paris
         | 
         | not sure about this. every time i go to Paris i'm stuck in
         | traffic. at least in London i've got at least 5 routes i could
         | take. and this is exactly because there are no boulevards.
        
       | sbisson wrote:
       | Ringway 2 would have been right behind my home. Instead I have an
       | electric railway and a lot of trees...
        
       | leoedin wrote:
       | The proposals for the inner ring are really astounding - it would
       | have gone right through all sorts of lovely historical
       | neighbourhoods, across nice local parks - right through many of
       | the nicest inner suburbs in London. Every time I see the
       | fortress-like sides of Southwyck House in Brixton I'm reminded of
       | it. If it had gone ahead it really would be a completely
       | different city today.
        
         | nly wrote:
         | London was a hell hole in the 60s and nobody wanted to live
         | there anyway.
         | 
         | Today houses built in the 30s in what were suburban towns,
         | still 45-60 minutes out from central on the Tube, are going for
         | $1.5M a piece.
        
         | Thlom wrote:
         | There were similar plans in Oslo and Bergen as well in the 60's
         | that would have completely destroyed the cities.
        
           | dboreham wrote:
           | Today Oslo has major roads in tunnels under parts of the
           | city. My impression visiting was that this is how you would
           | solve the problem if you had infinite budget.
        
       | nickdothutton wrote:
       | Before WW2 there was a plan to dramatically extend the London
       | Underground miles into the surrounding countryside, far beyond
       | the metropolis. The depression paused that plan and WW2 and the
       | impoverishment of the country ended it. I hope someone writes a
       | similar article about the unfinished transport system that we
       | call the tube.
        
         | Aromasin wrote:
         | After nearly 100 years we've come full circle and the Elizabeth
         | line is opening, connecting Reading and the town's West on
         | London to the city through to Shenfield - although perhaps
         | still not on the scale they originally pictured.
        
       | Areacking wrote:
        
       | nly wrote:
       | > Today, London has only one ring road
       | 
       | Errr...the North and South Circular?
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Circular_Road
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Circular_Road,_London
        
         | ddek wrote:
         | err, kinda.
         | 
         | The North Circular is a decent enough road if you don't live by
         | it.
         | 
         | I happen to live just by the South Circular, and it's not
         | really a ring road. You wouldn't use it to circumnavigate
         | London, it's just a joined up set of separate roads (of various
         | sizes) that happen to form a vague semi-circle.
        
           | alexfoo wrote:
           | Also on the Eastern side there's only a ferry to connect the
           | North and South Circulars. And that ferry has quite limited
           | operating hours and capacity. It's also very slow.
           | 
           | To avoid the ferry you either need to come West a bit and use
           | the Blackwall Tunnel or go way East and use the outer ring
           | road (M25) crossings at Dartford.
        
       | bb123 wrote:
       | Thank god this didn't go ahead. It would have made london into a
       | car centric hellhole, and I suspect traffic would still be
       | terrible. I've never been to any large city where the traffic
       | flows freely, regardless of how much road infrastructure there
       | is.
        
         | quickthrower2 wrote:
         | I am hoping that self driving electric medium sized buses
         | giving a hybrid between public transport and uber would solve
         | that. Move people away from car ownership.
        
         | hansworst wrote:
         | It feels like building more infrastructure just causes people
         | to use more of it, because the "cost" of using it goes down.
         | Kind of similar to how having faster computers has just
         | resulted in us creating more bloated software, instead of
         | everything becoming snappier.
        
           | throwaway0a5e wrote:
           | That's the point.
           | 
           | High usage of resources for low expenditure of man-hours
           | directly correlates to higher quality of living.
           | 
           | You couldn't afford an air conditioner if transportation was
           | expensive, power was expensive and every step along the way
           | was running on paper records.
           | 
           | But transportation, power and administrative overhead (and a
           | whole laundry list of other things) are cheap enough (in
           | terms of labor) that you can afford to get and use an air
           | conditioner and you are better off for it.
           | 
           | We want fast and efficient transportation, power generation,
           | record keeping and information management (and other things)
           | because those things add a labor cost to just about
           | everything in our word.
           | 
           | It helps to think of money and time as being convertible to
           | and from each other.
        
           | Majings wrote:
           | Your feeling is generally observed to be correct. Induced
           | demand [1] is a fairly well observed phenomenon.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induced_demand#Effect_in_tr
           | ans...
        
             | Robotbeat wrote:
             | Induced demand doesn't mean the additional infrastructure
             | is useless. It just means it likely won't reduce traffic.
             | You'll get greater population, more economic growth. More
             | people able to get to where they want to go.
             | 
             | And induced demand applies to all kinds of things, not just
             | automobile infrastructure. So it should help you be more
             | thoughtful about what infrastructure you want to actually
             | build, but crucially it does NOT mean that the
             | infrastructure is worthless.
        
             | Sharlin wrote:
             | Exactly. Another related and very relevant economic concept
             | is elasticity of demand [1].
             | 
             | [1]
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Price_elasticity_of_demand
        
         | kmlx wrote:
         | > I've never been to any large city where the traffic flows
         | freely, regardless of how much road infrastructure there is.
         | 
         | singapore and dubai off the top of my head.
        
           | helloooooooo wrote:
           | Dubai is plainly not a human scale city. You need a car to
           | get around it, walking anywhere is a complete nightmare
        
             | albrewer wrote:
             | Dubai is usually over 38 degC (100degF) for half the year,
             | usually reaching 40degC (105degC) and once reached 49degC
             | (121degF). Humans can't really cope with temperatures that
             | high unless it's insanely dry out. I would argue Dubai can
             | really only be lived in through artificial means.
        
             | throwaway0a5e wrote:
             | >Dubai is plainly not a human scale city.
             | 
             | Ok and?
             | 
             | If their median/average/<whatever> quality of life is
             | greater that way then so what?
             | 
             | Every ideologue latches onto buzzwords like "human scale"
             | but forgets that the whole point of that buzzword is that
             | the thing is represents theoretically goes hand in hand
             | with quality of life.
             | 
             | Look at the local climate and land situation for Dubai.
             | It's not exactly a surprise that they prefer to just spread
             | everything out and travel in cars. Just a 1/4mi walk from
             | subway station to destination would be pretty uncomfortable
             | for large parts of the year. At least in St. Petersburg you
             | can put on a big jacket during the uncomfortable part of
             | the year.
        
               | Tade0 wrote:
               | > Every ideologue latches onto buzzwords like "human
               | scale"
               | 
               | I started hating this term, because it appears to reflect
               | a very particular lifestyle which in turn fits a very
               | particular demographic and just assumes this is better
               | than alternatives.
               | 
               | One thing that I never see mentioned is how this affects
               | availability of real estate. In my corner of the world
               | people are generally leaving large cities, because at
               | least half of the working population isn't eligible for a
               | mortgage for an apartment within city limits.
               | 
               | You can only go so far on foot or on a bicycle in a day.
               | With a car you at least have a bargaining chip against
               | the local real estate market.
        
               | zip1234 wrote:
               | The problem is often that people want to live in a place
               | that is cheap and with space and then drive to where jobs
               | are and the pay is high (city), which means wide roads to
               | get to city, which means lots of pollution, noise, lack
               | of safety for those in the city. As far as real estate,
               | there are often other reasons for the high prices. The
               | root cause is often not just land.
        
           | odiroot wrote:
           | Singapore works because congestion charges are high.
        
       | montroser wrote:
       | Robert Moses was successful carrying out many projects like this
       | in the 1960s to add urban highways in NYC and other northeast US
       | metropolitan areas.
       | 
       | It's mostly a big tragedy. Neighborhoods sliced through, where
       | highways created largely impermeable boundaries for pedestrians.
       | And the swaths of destruction where eminent domain was invoked
       | and then dense, culturally rich, bustling, thriving blocks and
       | blocks were bulldozed and paved.
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Moses
        
         | settrans wrote:
         | Even the most collectivist public-transit apologist should be
         | celebrating Robert Moses. He greatly expanded the predecessor
         | to the MTA, and secured its legacy by building the toll bridges
         | and tunnels that subsidize the wildly expensive New York City
         | subways, generations after the bridges and tunnels have been
         | paid off.
        
           | wonder_er wrote:
           | noooooo!!!!! This is exactly wrong.
           | 
           | He used the toll revenue to fund his own highway building
           | projects, independent of state/local budgets.
           | 
           | He fired everyone on his staff that advocated for rail
           | network. He starved rail lines (that, at the time, were being
           | used very heavily) in favor of road networks.
           | 
           | He also rather hated black people and puerto ricans.
           | 
           | I can only imagine you've heard things about Robert Moses
           | written by the great fans of the man, who USUALLY were high-
           | modernists who loved his big bridges and roads.
           | 
           | his biography, "The Power Broker: Robert Moses and the Fall
           | of NYC" is the comprehensive evaluation of his life and
           | legacy. He shaped the modern world 10x more than anyone else
           | who has ever lived, and vastly for the worse.
        
       | JamesBaxter wrote:
       | Interesting to read in the current context of the Silvertown
       | tunnel currently being built despite complaints from both sides
       | of the river and an admission from TFL that it may make traffic
       | worse south of the river.
       | 
       | Not to mention the fact that cyclists can't use the tunnel...
        
         | cameronh90 wrote:
         | I wonder about whether the Silvertown Tunnel will make the
         | average traffic worse but the worst case traffic better.
         | 
         | Currently, if the Blackwall tunnel closes, traffic basically
         | grinds to a halt across a huge part of SE London. I was taking
         | my dying bunny to the vet the other month and a trip that
         | normally takes under ten minutes took forty due to the
         | Blackwall tunnel being closed, even though I'm all the way back
         | in Hither Green.
         | 
         | Nevertheless, I would have preferred they built one of the many
         | proposed pedestrian/cycling bridges...
        
           | adwww wrote:
           | I shouldn't laugh, but that's a strong 30-50 feral hog vibes
           | from your vet visit ha.
        
           | saaaaaam wrote:
           | To be fair the congestion in that area is also because of a
           | significant number of the side roads across
           | Lewisham/Greenwich having been closed to enable the low
           | traffic neighbourhoods - much needed but making congestion
           | awful as a consequence.
        
       | teh_klev wrote:
       | Glasgow's M8 (incomplete) ringroad is famous for its ski-jumps to
       | no-where and ghost junctions and sliproads.
       | 
       | https://www.roads.org.uk/articles/glasgow
       | 
       | https://www.scottishroadsarchive.org/m8
       | 
       | There's a really good book on the subject matter by John Cullen
       | who was one of the original engineers who worked on the project:
       | 
       | https://www.amazon.co.uk/dp/0955378109
        
       | whywhywhywhy wrote:
       | What a vision of an absolute nightmare.
        
       | meekaaku wrote:
       | The dartboard should be done for the London tube/rail network. It
       | easy to get into central London from periphery (say Bromley to
       | Victoria is 20min by train, 1hr by car), but periphery to
       | periphery is not good if you dont have direct train (eg Bromley
       | to Greenwich is 45min by train, but 20 min by car). The situation
       | is worse if you are carrying luggage and/or kids.
        
       | verisimi wrote:
       | And this is why our governments love China so much. As Trudeau
       | said:
       | 
       | "There's a level of admiration I actually have for China. Their
       | basic dictatorship is actually allowing them to turn their
       | economy around on a dime."
       | 
       | And it is also a reason why governments and their pet projects,
       | despite their claimed authority, are not actually serving those
       | they purport to serve. Huge projects at public expense - eg the
       | creation of the road networks we do have - don't necessarily
       | serve people, but do serve corporations (eg automakers).
        
       | bananapub wrote:
       | unsurprisingly, London is all for the better for these projects
       | having been canned in the 60's - very few massive roads cutting
       | up neigbourhoods, and helped avoid the massive tipping into
       | redesigning cities for single/low occupancy cars. it's so
       | successful, that in 2022, 46% of households in greater London
       | have *zero* cars. if you're curious what it what have looked
       | like, go for a walk around Notting Hill and see how Westway has
       | damaged the human environment and walkability.
       | 
       | so, yay.
       | 
       | obligatory jay foreman video on the topic:
       | https://youtu.be/yUEHWhO_HdY
        
         | geogra4 wrote:
         | American cities were utterly destroyed by these kinds of
         | projects.
        
           | throwaway0a5e wrote:
           | There's no winning.
           | 
           | You build highways and they screech about cutting up
           | neighborhoods.
           | 
           | You don't and they screech about the resulting sprawl as
           | development becomes more diffuse.
           | 
           | My pet favorite solution is more park & ride transition
           | points on the outskirts and light rail in the dense areas but
           | the cognitive dissonance it takes to argue that raised
           | highways and highway pits cut through neighborhoods but not
           | let out a peep when it's subway and tram lines doing the same
           | should disqualify one from voting.
           | 
           | As much as I hate the NIMBYs for insisting on violating other
           | people's property rights you at least have to give them +1
           | for consistency.
           | 
           | Looking back with hindsight we'd probably be better off if we
           | had just built _all_ the urban highways and rail lines (and
           | other transit infrastructure projects) that have been
           | seriously considered over the years.
        
             | harg wrote:
             | > You don't and they screech about the resulting sprawl as
             | development becomes more diffuse.
             | 
             | Highways create urban sprawl, they don't prevent it.
             | 
             | > the cognitive dissonance it takes to argue that raised
             | highways and highway pits cut through neighborhoods but not
             | let out a peep when it's subway and tram lines doing the
             | same should disqualify one from voting.
             | 
             | But a subway/tram line is completely different from a
             | highway. Trains can move an order of magnitude more
             | people/stuff, don't result in local air pollution, don't
             | create a lot of noise, don't result in road accidents that
             | kill people and destroy property. And that's even before
             | you realise that a subway is underground so you don't need
             | to tear apart neighborhoods to build them and you basically
             | wouldn't know it's there.
        
             | scratcheee wrote:
             | Rail lines have more than 10x the throughput though, so you
             | need vastly less of them to do vastly more work.
             | 
             | A city with enough roads for 100% car usage is approaching
             | not being a city anymore, just an unending suburban
             | hellscape, but a city with barely any roads and more rail
             | than it really needs can still be a beautiful city.
             | 
             | To add to that, underground railways exist in many cities,
             | but underground road networks effectively don't. The
             | throughput by volume dug out the ground is viable for a
             | rail service, its totally non-viable to bury an equivalent
             | throughput 20 lane highway underground.
        
             | Angostura wrote:
             | > You build highways and they screech about cutting up
             | neighborhoods. You don't and they screech about the
             | resulting sprawl as development becomes more diffuse.
             | 
             | The green belt policy around London where you were
             | prevented from developing was quite good at preventing
             | sprawl for decades.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | Similar policies in Oregon now, which force increased
               | density in existing (orm as an option, brand new) urban
               | areas, rather than just spreading. Or at least, there
               | were a decade ago. I hope they've survived.
        
             | egypturnash wrote:
             | _but the cognitive dissonance it takes to argue that raised
             | highways and highway pits cut through neighborhoods but not
             | let out a peep when it 's subway and tram lines doing the
             | same should disqualify one from voting_
             | 
             | Here's a thought experiment for you. You are on foot,
             | perhaps with a kid in a stroller, perhaps with a dog on a
             | leash, perhaps an armful of groceries. It is a gorgeous day
             | for a walk. You have multiple destinations on the other
             | side of several transit arteries:
             | 
             | * a subway that passes under city streets with sidewalks,
             | if you're lucky maybe it goes under a park that's between
             | you and your destination
             | 
             | * a light rail line with trains passing every few minutes,
             | clearly visible, with lots of time in between to cross the
             | tracks, if you're lucky maybe the area around the line has
             | some pretty plants and trees
             | 
             | * an elevated highway with cars zooming along the feeder
             | roads in its shadow, if you're lucky there's a crosswalk
             | with pedestrian lights
             | 
             | * a ground-level highway, 8-14 lanes of constant high speed
             | traffic in both directions, if you are very lucky there is
             | a pedestrian overpass no more than 2-3 blocks out of your
             | way and you'll only be inhaling exhaust for a little while
             | 
             | Which one of these would you rather cross? Which one of
             | these feels like an integrated part of the neighborhood,
             | which ones feel like a raw open wound in the city when you
             | try to cross them on foot?
        
             | brimble wrote:
             | > You don't and they screech about the resulting sprawl as
             | development becomes more diffuse.
             | 
             | Huh? Don't highways _enable_ sprawl? The brand new
             | neighborhood built way out  "in the country" (not for
             | long...) next to the brand new highway in Yates'
             | _Revolutionary Road_ comes to mind.
        
         | petercooper wrote:
         | I disagree, and wish it had happened, but regardless, the
         | biggest problem is they failed to invest in a plan B. For
         | example, the options for folks outside of London wanting to get
         | in are dire and could have been solved with several large car
         | parks next to fast mass transit - the two Westfields are
         | perhaps the best options there right now, and those are
         | shopping centres not intended for such use and, ironically,
         | located right next to the expressway projects that _did_ happen
         | (the Westway and the A12 respectively). Maybe CrossRail will
         | help? Park and ride from Abbey Wood, perhaps?
         | 
         | I have a trip to London planned later this year and it's still
         | a toss up between parking at Westfield Stratford or just
         | driving into the city centre and paying the congestion charge..
         | whereas really it should be an easy choice by now.
        
           | chrisseaton wrote:
           | > the options for folks outside of London wanting to get in
           | are dire
           | 
           | I literally can't think of a city I've been to that has been
           | easier to get into? There's endless options of overground,
           | underground, river, bus. What more do you want?
        
             | petercooper wrote:
             | _I literally can 't think of a city I've been to that has
             | been easier to get into?_
             | 
             | Admittedly I didn't define "easier"! London is near the top
             | in terms of number of options, regularity, 24 hour
             | availability, etc. For _me_ , "easier" refers to time and
             | comfort as someone who tends to be coming from random
             | points 50+ miles away with young children, luggage, and a
             | car at my disposal.
             | 
             | And if you were to dumped at a random point 50 miles away
             | with a car at your disposal, the centres of many UK cities
             | are, even relative to their size, more comfortably reached
             | than London's. Leeds, Cardiff, Newcastle, and Glasgow, for
             | example (Leeds is notably good for access). If the car
             | isn't allowed to go into the town centre, I think York or
             | Oxford do a good job too.
        
           | madeofpalk wrote:
           | I'm not sure I see what the problem is? If you _need_ to take
           | your car into the city centre, you can. Just pay the
           | congestion charge?
        
           | haspok wrote:
           | I'm not sure why you are downvoted, as everyone is entitled
           | to their opinion.
           | 
           | I kind of agree with both sides, but the people suggesting
           | train rides forget that the train doesn't stop in front of
           | your house, and doesn't leave when you want it to. And taking
           | an extra luggage with you is a pain. Owning a car gives you
           | so much more freedom in your life that few people who can
           | afford it willingly don't own one. For a few years I did try
           | the rental model, but it was so much hassle that I couldn't
           | bear it any longer. I'm usually on the go every other
           | weekend.
           | 
           | I used to live in Greenwich, and while I had a bike for
           | commuting, on the weekends the car was the only way to get
           | OUT of the city within a reasonable amount of time and get
           | back again. It was still a pain, as pretty much any journey
           | started by getting to the M25 first, then driving on it to
           | some extent, making the smallest journey a 30-40 minute
           | minimum. It didn't help that South London is pretty much an
           | impassable barrier by car (takes so much time that it's not
           | worth it). And Greenwich even has the A2 and the (constantly
           | clogged up) Blackwall Tunnel, so it is one of the better
           | areas of London regarding car ownership.
           | 
           | On the other hand, I never understood why anyone would want
           | to drive into the City, that really makes no sense, and I
           | fully support the congestion charge.
        
             | petercooper wrote:
             | _On the other hand, I never understood why anyone would
             | want to drive into the City, that really makes no sense,
             | and I fully support the congestion charge._
             | 
             | I also support the CG, but I am also quite far on the "I'm
             | staying in my car" end of the spectrum, so maybe I can
             | answer the question! I don't _relish_ the idea of driving
             | into the City, but it 's a rare enough experience that I
             | mildly enjoy it - the traffic isn't as bad in the CGZ as it
             | _used_ to be, and I hugely prefer the solitude of driving
             | to, well, the alternatives. Could I do such a journey on a
             | weekly /monthly basis? Absolutely not.
        
           | bananapub wrote:
           | > I disagree, and wish it had happened, but regardless, the
           | biggest problem is they failed to invest in a plan B. For
           | example, the options for folks outside of London wanting to
           | get in are dire and could have been solved with several large
           | car parks next to fast mass transit
           | 
           | encouraging more cars into the center is explicitly an anti-
           | goal, so not sure why you wish these projects had been built?
           | 
           | yes there should be more park and ride on the outskirts, but
           | Stratford isn't really outskirts anymore, and wasting lots of
           | land for parking in Stratford or White City instead of homes
           | also seems a silly waste of their good connectedness.
           | 
           | > I have a trip to London planned later this year and it's
           | still a toss up between parking at Westfield Stratford or
           | just driving into the city centre and paying the congestion
           | charge.. whereas really it should be an easy choice by now.
           | 
           | I guess that indicates the congestion charge could be higher.
        
             | Silhouette wrote:
             | _I guess that indicates the congestion charge could be
             | higher._
             | 
             | The trouble with public transport advocacy is that it so
             | often relies on the stick rather than the carrot as the
             | main incentive. The better solution is almost always to
             | provide attractive public transport options. If you can do
             | that then people will use them anyway. If you don't do that
             | then people will do what you don't want instead unless you
             | totally prohibit it. And if you prohibit it then maybe they
             | won't come at all.
             | 
             | The catch is that providing good public transport is a
             | challenge even in densely populated areas and for long
             | distance travel. Our biggest cities also tend to be very
             | old and that means layouts that are far from ideal for
             | running an efficient public transport network.
             | 
             | The other catch is that good public transport is never
             | going to be cost-effective in smaller towns and rural
             | areas. So doing it would require a massive commitment from
             | both local and wider government and in the UK we don't have
             | that. Politicians tend to be very good at talking about
             | grand ideas but no-one is willing to say "We need to put
             | your taxes up 5% to subsidise loss-making transport
             | infrastructure so there's a sensible alternative to cars
             | for everyone who doesn't live in one of the biggest
             | cities."
             | 
             | This is why I'm not sure emphasizing public transport is
             | the right long term policy here. Better infrastructure to
             | support small-scale private transport seems a more
             | promising direction to look -- bikes, e-scooters, future
             | electric vehicles designed for one or two passengers and
             | light baggage, etc.
        
               | dharma1 wrote:
               | Public transport into/in London is pretty good. Crowded
               | but not unbearable, especially if you can avoid rush
               | hours.
               | 
               | I have a car in London but almost never drive into
               | central London (just in my area and out of London) -
               | getting in and around Central London is much better with
               | public transport.
        
               | bananapub wrote:
               | > The trouble with public transport advocacy is that it
               | so often relies on the stick rather than the carrot as
               | the main incentive
               | 
               | I...don't understand what your comment is about? London
               | has excellent public transport that runs all the way into
               | the non-London bits around it. it's mostly made of
               | carrots.
               | 
               | there are also a small number of sticks.
        
               | Silhouette wrote:
               | London has good public transport internally. For people
               | coming in from outside the picture is far more variable.
        
               | adwww wrote:
               | I can travel to central London from my home 100 miles to
               | the West in 70 minutes by public transport.
               | 
               | In any case, that's a fault of poor public transport in
               | the shires, not London.
        
               | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
               | I used to know people who would commute by train to
               | London from Bath and Bristol. Every day.
               | 
               | And others who would drive from central Wiltshire to
               | London and back. Every day.
               | 
               | Work from home should have highlighted the insanity of
               | those kinds of work patterns. Trains are greener than
               | cars, but no commuting at all is greener still.
               | 
               | Unfortunately it's looking more like we'll be heading
               | back to pre-Covid normal, with very limited mixed-mode
               | working offered as a bonus to those who qualify for it.
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | > Unfortunately it's looking more like we'll be heading
               | back to pre-Covid normal, with very limited mixed-mode
               | working offered as a bonus to those who qualify for it.
               | 
               | Is it? Everyone I know with an office job has greatly
               | expanded home working options. Most of them were
               | previously 100% in the office, and now have the kind of 1
               | or 2 days in the office a week hybrid options that used
               | to be exclusively for tech companies. And quite a few
               | individuals I know have been able to go completely remote
               | only having to go into the office a few times a year and
               | have been able to move cities entirely.
        
               | Silhouette wrote:
               | _In any case, that 's a fault of poor public transport in
               | the shires, not London._
               | 
               | Please see my other comments in this discussion. There is
               | no "public transport in X". There is only "public
               | transport". It will never be cost-effective to provide
               | mass transit outside of densely populated areas and major
               | long distance routes so if you want to enjoy the benefits
               | and shift people away from cars in large numbers then you
               | have to accept that we all need to subsidise plausible
               | alternatives for everyone, probably through some serious
               | taxation and government spending.
        
               | bananapub wrote:
               | London already provides public transport even beyond it's
               | own boundaries. It seems pretty unfair to insist that we,
               | as London tax payers, spend even more money on providing
               | services to people outside of London.
               | 
               | how much better does London need to make (and I assume
               | pay for?) public transport for the Home Counties before
               | you think it's OK for London to not demolish thousands of
               | homes, in London, to build more roads for people who
               | don't live in London?
        
               | Silhouette wrote:
               | _London already provides public transport even beyond it
               | 's own boundaries. It seems pretty unfair to insist that
               | we, as London tax payers, spend even more money on
               | providing services to people outside of London._
               | 
               | I don't think I've even suggested anything like that
               | here.
               | 
               | That said, the thing about public transport is that it's
               | all-for-one. If it's going to be a viable alternative to
               | owning private cars then it has to be reasonable for
               | _all_ journeys someone needs to make not just a few
               | convenient examples. There is no  "local" or "national"
               | with public transport for most people. The question is
               | whether they can get from A to B in some reasonable way
               | for any A and B they care about.
        
               | hgomersall wrote:
               | Talking about carrots for motorists is just privilege
               | bias. We are where we are because of many policy
               | decisions, many of which came with a particular world
               | view, including the idea that motorists should have more
               | infrastructure investment to support them. If you come at
               | it from the perspective of active transport, removing
               | cars _is_ the goal. Further to that, fewer cars means
               | public transport becomes much better. We have to get into
               | the virtuous circle where fewer cars begets more active
               | transport and public transport which begets fewer cars.
               | 
               | All non-toll roads are loss making, let's not pretend
               | that cars are free. That's even before we get into a
               | discussion about the negative externalities of driving.
               | 
               | The Cambridge GCP (essentially a talking shop with a
               | remit to deliver new infrastructure, but prefers to
               | deliver reports instead) commissioned proposals on a
               | "metro". One of those proposals had loads of small self
               | guided pods. Superficially they seemed like a great idea
               | until you looked at the flow rate required to have them
               | deliver the people required, and suddenly you have the
               | the road congested with pods (or, if you will, cars).
               | 
               | Ultimately, you need a policy that is consistent with
               | geometry: https://thewaroncars.org/transcript-
               | episode-79-the-end-of-ub...
        
               | timthorn wrote:
               | Pods were trialled between the West Cambridge site and
               | the P&R and were proposed to offer 24 hour service, but
               | the main Cambridge Autonomous Metro proposal was for
               | units that could seat over 100 people. But the new mayor
               | likes buses.
        
               | hgomersall wrote:
               | It was the Dromos proposal I was referring to. That's
               | nowhere near a trial:
               | https://www.newcivilengineer.com/latest/on-demand-
               | driverless...
               | 
               | Self-driving buses I'm all in favour of.
        
               | timthorn wrote:
               | Yeah, the pod trial was with Aurrigo:
               | https://www.connectingcambridgeshire.co.uk/smart-
               | places/smar...
        
               | Silhouette wrote:
               | _Talking about carrots for motorists is just privilege
               | bias._
               | 
               | I have no idea what that means. However if we ever want
               | to achieve more than talking in this area then we need to
               | be realistic. And the reality is that lots of people rely
               | on private cars every day in this country, and they
               | collectively have enough money and political influence
               | that you aren't going to change that behaviour at scale
               | with a hostile strategy. You _certainly_ aren 't going to
               | do it with arguments based on some kind of righteous
               | indignation and words like "privilege".
               | 
               |  _We have to get into the virtuous circle where fewer
               | cars begets more active transport and public transport
               | which begets fewer cars._
               | 
               | That would be great. And if there is one thing we have
               | learned about transport planning in the last fifty years
               | it is that the cycle is not going to be started on the
               | "fewer cars" side. You can criticise as much as you like,
               | that is obviously your prerogative, but I prefer to
               | explore policies that have a greater than zero chance of
               | actually working.
               | 
               |  _All non-toll roads are loss making, let 's not pretend
               | that cars are free._
               | 
               | The UK government has consistently received 3-4x as much
               | revenue from direct motoring taxes as government of all
               | levels spends on direct motoring services for many years.
               | This is why they are so worried about the loss of much of
               | that revenue with the rise of electric vehicles. And if
               | you want to include externalities in the costs of cars
               | then you also have to include indirect benefits and again
               | you might not like the answer if environmental concerns
               | are your priority.
               | 
               | It is interesting that you picked Cambridge as your
               | example because it is an excellent example of what I am
               | talking about here. For years the local authorities have
               | been increasingly car-hostile and despite the unusually
               | high prevalence of bikes in the city the council have
               | always been heavily in favour of relying on buses to
               | solve the congestion and pollution problems. They have
               | been trying that for a very long time and _it has never
               | worked_. But still every few months someone puts up the
               | parking fees again or adds more restrictions on where you
               | can drive or park or proposes this year 's variation of
               | congestion charging. Meanwhile cycling provision is still
               | substandard and the city centre is still dying.
        
               | hgomersall wrote:
               | I can't respond to your deepest comment, but the
               | privilege is you _can_ drive, which is distinctly not
               | universal. In any case, having biases is totally normal.
               | 
               | Smarter Cambridge transport has addressed many of the
               | issues you raise in far more detail than I can in an off-
               | topic comments thread: https://www.smartertransport.uk
               | 
               | Notably this: https://www.smartertransport.uk/why-park-
               | rides-are-a-waste-o... and this:
               | https://www.smartertransport.uk/could-lollipop-bus-
               | routing-b...
               | 
               | Edited to add links and remove assertion I can't support.
        
               | Silhouette wrote:
               | _I can 't respond to your deepest comment, but the
               | privilege is you can drive, which is distinctly not
               | universal._
               | 
               | It _is_ normal for the large proportion of the population
               | who don 't live in densely populated urban centres served
               | by adequate public transport, because for most people
               | there simply isn't any viable alternative.
               | 
               | And before anyone invokes the privilege argument again,
               | consider that being able to afford a home in those
               | densely populated areas with good public transport is
               | also a privilege. In fact compared to owning a car it's a
               | privilege that involves a couple of extra zeroes in a
               | place like Cambridge or London.
               | 
               |  _Smarter Cambridge transport_
               | 
               | is a defunct private advocacy group whose members have
               | included prominent members of the local cycling campaign
               | well known in the community for their borderline extreme
               | views on transportation policy. That said, we should
               | address the substance of the arguments and not who was
               | making them.
               | 
               | Take the piece about P&R. It's mostly consistent what
               | I've already said above.
               | 
               | It isn't cost-effective to run a comprehensive public
               | transport system outside of densely populated urban areas
               | and high traffic long distance routes. Public transport
               | works because of economies of scale but there just aren't
               | that many people in a place as small as Cambridge who
               | want to make similar journeys at off-peak times. This is
               | the fundamental qualitative difference between a few of
               | our biggest cities and everywhere else in the country.
               | 
               | Even so those P&R sites have capacity for thousands of
               | cars every day that aren't then driving into the city
               | centre. It takes a peculiar kind of mental gymnastics not
               | to see that as a win.
               | 
               | I can't find any other source for anything they're
               | talking about with the costs, including the "Cambridge
               | South East Transport Park & Ride proposal", which doesn't
               | seem to be mentioned anywhere in the official description
               | of that programme[1]. And note that the Cambourne route
               | proposals they mention have been highly controversial for
               | many reasons and haven't actually happened yet.
               | 
               | The other piece suggesting alternative bus routes is a
               | more reasonable proposal than most of the local bus
               | advocacy and deserves credit for that. Unfortunately the
               | traffic model mentioned isn't public but we do know from
               | past public comments by those in the know that the model
               | is inadequate and in particular it grossly underestimates
               | some effects that cause dramatic increases in journey
               | times for large numbers of road users. Without seeing
               | real figures for how you put that many buses around the
               | ring road without causing the usual mathematical problems
               | with queueing in heavy traffic and making the whole
               | system fall apart it's hard to know whether it's a useful
               | proposal or not. Likewise it doesn't say how pedestrians
               | and cycles would take advantage of the now-free road
               | space inside the ring road if there's an effective
               | barrier caused by a steady stream of buses on the ring
               | road itself nor what would happen to all the cycle
               | traffic that currently uses the ring road itself since it
               | would obviously be far too dangerous to continue doing so
               | with that many buses around.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.greatercambridge.org.uk/public-transport-
               | schemes...
        
               | hgomersall wrote:
               | Privilege bias is a bias that means you find it difficult
               | to understand the position of those that are not in the
               | privileged class. In this case, you think that as a
               | driver the world should not be made more difficult for
               | you, but you don't realise that making it more difficult
               | for you makes it better for everyone that is not a
               | driver.
               | 
               | Cambridge has had very little impactful effort towards
               | reducing car usage, hoping they can sidestep the
               | difficult reality of having to reduce cars through a
               | stick approach. Until that's done, there's no chance the
               | buses will do much since as you don't quite point out,
               | they're just stuck in the same traffic. They're still
               | hoping to avoid reality by building special roads for
               | buses and a few parking spaces outside the city.
               | 
               | For sure cycling provision is substandard. You have no
               | arguments from me there!
        
               | Silhouette wrote:
               | _Privilege bias is a bias that means you find it
               | difficult to understand the position of those that are
               | not in the privileged class._
               | 
               | I've been a cyclist for a lot longer than I've been a
               | driver and I've lived in or around Cambridge for a long
               | time and been personally affected by everything we've
               | been talking about from all perspectives.
               | 
               | I am not "privileged" or unable to understand your
               | position. I just don't agree with your conclusions for
               | the reasons I've described in the comments above.
               | 
               |  _Cambridge has had very little impactful effort towards
               | reducing car usage, hoping they can sidestep the
               | difficult reality of having to reduce cars through a
               | stick approach. Until that 's done, there's no chance the
               | buses will do much since as you don't quite point out,
               | they're just stuck in the same traffic. They're still
               | hoping to avoid reality by building special roads for
               | buses and a few parking spaces outside the city._
               | 
               | It is unclear that a congestion charge would be effective
               | in causing sustained modal shift in Cambridge, not least
               | because it is unclear whether any council that voted for
               | one would survive the following election. Prominent local
               | councillors have been advocating more aggressive anti-car
               | measures for years but so far despite the supportive
               | rhetoric no council has passed them. Ask yourself why.
               | 
               | It _is_ clear that buses can 't be the main solution to
               | traffic problems in Cambridge. The council has spent a
               | lot of money over the years on research that explained to
               | them exactly why, which has mysteriously been largely
               | ignored, perhaps because it didn't give the "right"
               | answer. But if you know anything about the mathematics of
               | traffic modelling you can quickly convince yourself. Just
               | try to find any viable location near the city centre for
               | a central bus hub that could accommodate a significant
               | multiple of the current bus traffic levels without
               | causing gridlock in the surrounding streets.
               | 
               | Ironically the Park and Ride schemes that you casually
               | dismissed have been one of the few clear successes in
               | Cambridge transport in recent years, taking thousands of
               | cars off the roads in the city centre.
               | 
               |  _For sure cycling provision is substandard. You have no
               | arguments from me there!_
               | 
               | I'm glad that we can agree on this. If the local
               | authorities had spent a fraction of the money they've
               | spent on pro-bus measures on pro-cycling measures
               | instead, we might have been in a much better situation in
               | this area today.
        
               | tpm wrote:
               | > The trouble with public transport advocacy is that it
               | so often relies on the stick rather than the carrot as
               | the main incentive.
               | 
               | That's mostly because the carrot does not work. You can't
               | really do much better than a private car. Once you are ok
               | with driving, and very many people are, it is the most
               | comfortable and individualized means of transport. So
               | realistically, on one hand of course public transport
               | must be good, but on the other hand it does not matter as
               | much. People will still use cars whenever possible. You
               | have to make it difficult, expensive and uncomfortable.
               | 
               | On the point of small private mobility I fully agree with
               | you. This seems to be the future, if only our politicians
               | would understand that.
        
               | ebiester wrote:
               | If and only if you build the system around those cars. If
               | there is no free parking and a parking lot is taxed like
               | it is productive land, then parking is expensive.
               | 
               | Cars are convenient because we have made the tax system
               | cater to them. It makes for terrible cities for everyone
               | not in a car at the moment.
        
               | logifail wrote:
               | > Once you are ok with driving, and very many people are,
               | it is the most comfortable and individualized means of
               | transport. So realistically, on one hand of course public
               | transport must be good, but on the other hand it does not
               | matter as much. People will still use cars whenever
               | possible. You have to make it difficult, expensive and
               | uncomfortable.
               | 
               | I think you're missing one really key factor, and that is
               | _time_. If the traffic is sufficiently bad, even an easy
               | cheap comfortable car journey stops looking attractive,
               | because it is _slow_.
               | 
               | UK example: I've had the "pleasure" of driving right
               | across central London; my start point was within sight of
               | London City Airport, my destination was Heathrow Airport.
               | The shortest route is more or less a staight-line journey
               | of about 25 miles. You would be crazy to attempt to use
               | that route that during working hours. It is often faster
               | to head straight out of London, and drive a long looping
               | route, a total of ~60 miles in length. It will save you
               | at least 20 minutes driving time.
               | 
               | European example: a couple of months ago I was in the
               | Austrian border town of Kufstein and needed to get to
               | Innsbruck. I hopped on a Railjet train, which made the
               | journey in 35 minutes with very few stops (only one,
               | IIRC). By car it would have taken at best 60 minutes,
               | assuming no major traffic issues. Motorway speeds are
               | limited to 100km/h in that part of Austria in an attempt
               | to reduce air pollution.[0]
               | 
               | [0] https://www.tirol.gv.at/en/environment/vehicle-
               | prohibitions-...
        
               | 7steps2much wrote:
               | One stop at Worgl if i am not mistaken. Trains in Austria
               | are pretty nice indeed, but of course only if you have a
               | train available. If you first need to drive to the train
               | station then more often than not the commuter trains
               | aren't worth it time wise.
               | 
               | If you catch one of the fast trains though then of course
               | it is a different story.
        
               | throwaway0a5e wrote:
               | People will gladly share a metal tube if it's
               | substantially faster or substantially cheaper than not.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Assuming the metal tube runs on a moderately convenient
               | schedule between convenient locations and that they'll
               | not transporting things that they can't conveniently take
               | on the metal tube.
               | 
               | I was just reminded of this last week. I was going into
               | the city about an hour away for a class but after
               | thinking about it, I'd still have needed to drive to the
               | train station and park, the train schedule was
               | suboptimal, and I'd have had to carry some things
               | associated with the class around with me all day. I do
               | sometimes take the train in but although it's sometimes
               | convenient, it's not a panacea (and doesn't work at all
               | for going in for an evening event). It's also not cheap.
        
               | brimble wrote:
               | > You can't really do much better than a private car.
               | 
               | I once read an analysis linked on HN, claiming that cars
               | are only a personal net benefit if you're rich enough to
               | pay for someone to drive you around, _or_ live in a city
               | that 's not yet developed in a car-accommodating way and
               | has low car ownership rates, and that the last personal
               | transportation development that was _actually_ a strong
               | net benefit was the bicycle.
               | 
               | This is because car-centric city design pushes everything
               | much farther apart (big front lawns so your house isn't
               | too close to the nasty street; huge setbacks next to
               | highways [look how damn wide those are next time you're
               | on one!], the highways themselves, enormous interchanges,
               | "green spaces" that aren't intended for people to be in
               | but just to provide a buffer between people and roads,
               | gigantic parking lots, et c), _plus_ cars are expensive,
               | so by the time you factor in the extra travel distance
               | _due to cars being widespread_ and the amount of time you
               | spend working just to pay for your car (and gas, and
               | maintenance, and a place to keep it) most people are
               | _losing_ time, when the whole point was to _travel
               | faster_.
               | 
               | I thought that had to be overstating it. So I ran the
               | numbers for myself. With conservative estimates for how
               | much closer my house would be to the city if you took out
               | all the car-created distance, with my own spending on
               | cars being rather low, with my commute to the city center
               | not being that long (20-25 minutes each way), _and_ with
               | my income being nearly double the household median income
               | in my city (so I need fewer hours working to pay for my
               | car)--well, I 'll be damned, I _would_ save a little time
               | in a hypothetical city that wasn 't designed around cars,
               | but instead around bicycles and walking. Which means cars
               | are a slam-dunk _loss_ for most people, if my numbers
               | came out that way--they only seem like they 're saving
               | you time if your city has already been messed up by car-
               | centric design.
        
               | bananapub wrote:
               | > You can't really do much better than a private car.
               | 
               | what does this mean? owning a private care in central-ish
               | London is awful - traffic is slow, there's limited
               | parking both at home and at your destination, they're
               | mostly emitting loads of pollution. in most cases, public
               | transport is cheaper and faster (or at least not much
               | slower).
               | 
               | where in London do you live that you think personal low
               | occupancy cars are the "best" option?
        
               | tpm wrote:
               | I don't live in London anymore, but I think you agree
               | with me - people in central London don't own/use cars
               | because it is inconvenient.
        
               | Silhouette wrote:
               | _You can 't really do much better than a private car._
               | 
               | There are all kinds of things that _might_ be better than
               | a private car. The point I 'm trying to make here is that
               | most of them require radically more commitment (= money +
               | political capital, usually) than those in power and those
               | who vote for them are willing to give at present. Bashing
               | car drivers is the "something must be done and this is
               | something so we're doing it" approach. It gets you
               | popular points with your base. Unfortunately as we've
               | seen for many years now it doesn't actually work without
               | providing decent alternatives as well.
               | 
               |  _People will still use cars whenever possible. You have
               | to make it difficult, expensive and uncomfortable._
               | 
               | Obviously I don't accept that premise. There are also
               | inherently inconvenient things about a lot of car
               | journeys and about owning and maintaining the car itself
               | so to an extent it provides the deterrent effect you've
               | been talking about automatically without any artificial
               | "stick". Public transport doesn't have many of those
               | downsides. Some alternative methods of private transport
               | don't either. But you need local transport to be
               | frequent, reliable, cheap and comfortable, and you need
               | long distance transport to be all of those things plus
               | easily reachable by local transport.
        
             | petercooper wrote:
             | _I guess that indicates the congestion charge could be
             | higher._
             | 
             | Economically, I agree, but in practice, I think it misses a
             | point. I go to London once every year or three. So I can
             | justify spending a lot more for a single day's convenience
             | than, say, someone who goes a few times a month. As a rare
             | visitor, I contribute less to London's congestion and
             | problems, but on the other, I contribute less to its
             | economy too, so is raising the congestion charge fair?
             | 
             | All that said, this conversation has encouraged me to at
             | least try some other options and broaden my approach, so I
             | might park at Ebbsfleet and get HS1 in (19 minutes). It
             | costs PS19.10 each way though and about PS25 for the
             | parking, but I'm up PS30 in congestion charges and painful
             | traffic..
             | 
             |  _encouraging more cars into the center is explicitly an
             | anti-goal, so not sure why you wish these projects had been
             | built?_
             | 
             | I'm too young to have been around when they worked on the
             | project, but my personal preferences are oriented around
             | different goals than they had. I would be quite happy with
             | a Angelesation of London, but I'm one of those weirdos who
             | likes Milton Keynes as well..
        
               | pmyteh wrote:
               | You might be able to do better than PS19.10 each way,
               | depending on what time you're travelling. An unlimited
               | all-day travelcard from Ebbsfleet to London[0], including
               | tube/bus/train in zones 1-6 is only PS24.40 off-peak (no
               | arrival before 10am Mon-Fri). It's PS45.00 peak, though.
               | 
               | [0]: https://www.brfares.com/!expert?orig=EBD&dest=1072
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | Not quite sure what you mean by "Angelesation", but if it
               | is a reference to Los Angeles, that was never going to
               | happen. The reasons the projects described in TFA didn't
               | happen was reflective of a city that has been in that
               | location for centuries. Nobody was ever going to convert
               | London into anything remotely like LA.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | London's economy is doing better than the rest of the UK
               | even with the charge that it's worth taking the hit
               | rather than paying for all the health and pollution
               | externalities of one additional marginal car, which is
               | more than just the fuel burned.
        
             | gadders wrote:
             | The thing with raising congestion charges, higher taxes on
             | airfares etc is that you then limit these options to the
             | financially well off, which doesn't seem very progressive.
        
               | rexpress wrote:
               | It certainly seems progressive to me. Charging private
               | vehicles to access the roads reduces demand, which allows
               | other modes such as buses, trams and bikes to move more
               | people more quickly.
               | 
               | I don't see what's progressive about letting private cars
               | clog the roads up and slowing down London's vast and
               | comprehensive bus network.
        
               | cjrp wrote:
               | I guess the point is that it's not related to the
               | person's income. For someone on minimum wage, the PS15
               | congestion charge prevents them using the car. For a
               | high-earned, it's just a fee to pay as you continue to
               | drive in London.
        
               | rexpress wrote:
               | But food at the supermarket, clothes, even water from the
               | tap are all priced without regard to individual income.
               | Why would road usage be any different?
               | 
               | The wealthy are always able to buy the nicest things, and
               | addressing income inequality is a very valid goal. But
               | what realistic alternative is there to the price
               | mechanism that still allows for a level of individual
               | choice, and permits vehicle journeys that are
               | economically necessary (e.g. tradespeople) while
               | discouraging car journeys that could me made by other
               | means.
               | 
               | As for the minimum wage earner, they are the least likely
               | to be able to afford to keep a car. The current roads
               | free-for-all means their bus journeys are far slower due
               | to the traffic, and more expensive due to the larger
               | number of buses required to maintain frequency on
               | congested roads.
               | 
               | A possible solution to reduce inequality from road
               | charging while still maintaining the benefits of the
               | price mechanism would be to return the proceeds (after
               | maintenance costs) to the residents of the city in the
               | form of transport credits. These credits would be able to
               | be spent on road access, public transport, or cycling as
               | the individual preferred.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | I don't really agree with the original premise, but I
               | would point out that:
               | 
               | > The wealthy are always able to buy the nicest things,
               | 
               | the problem is that there is no product differentiation
               | when it comes to road usage. You're either on it and
               | paying the same fee, or you're not.
               | 
               | It's not like food, clothes, housing where you might be
               | paying a lot for these things, or you might be paying
               | less. We price specific items of food without regard to
               | income, but there's a wide variety of items of food to
               | choose from, at different price levels.
               | 
               | Not so with a lot of transportation.
        
               | rexpress wrote:
               | The local water company does not provide deluxe or budget
               | versions, water is water. The same applies to gas and
               | electricity. All are major household expenses.
               | 
               | In the context of a large city, there certainly is
               | differentiation in transport. You can grab a large amount
               | of the scarce road space for yourself with a car (even
               | more if you park on-street) or taxi, or you can take a
               | smaller share of it by getting on a bus, bike or tram.
        
               | 7952 wrote:
               | And people who can afford it just feel a sense of
               | entitlement because they have purchased something. And it
               | is a resource we all own and have already paid for. We
               | should have a basic right to access that resource. The
               | problem is when people take more than their fair share.
               | In the centre of London that could be driving 1 mile a
               | day. We should give a free tier and then ramp up prices
               | exponentially after that. The more you use the resource
               | the more it costs per mile.
        
               | bobthepanda wrote:
               | Car ownership itself is an indication of wealth.
               | 
               | Even in the US, where car ownership is practically
               | mandatory and broad taxes or fees on driving are
               | significantly lower, owning a car is associated with
               | higher incomes because the base cost is still several
               | thousand a year in insurance, gas, etc. so if you tax it
               | you are already hitting wealthier people.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | cameronh90 wrote:
           | If LA is anything to go by, building these large elevated
           | highways wouldn't have fixed anything. Tokyo does have a lot
           | of elevated highways, admittedly, and that has a certain
           | aesthetic appeal there, but it's a very different place. If
           | the elevated highways in London had ended up anything like
           | the Westway, it would have been awful.
           | 
           | I do agree that we could do with more Park and Rides though.
           | In the past, I've parked at the O2 because there's always
           | space in the day, then took the Jubilee line in.
        
             | pm215 wrote:
             | Some of Tokyo's elevated highways are an aesthetic
             | disaster; the one that goes very low over the Nihonbashi
             | bridge is the classic example. On the bright side they are
             | finally planning to move that particular expressway
             | underground...
             | 
             | https://theolympians.co/2017/07/25/nihonbashi-uncovered-
             | the-...
        
           | Majings wrote:
           | Out of interest, why do you wish that it had happened? As far
           | as I'm concerned, the idea of making London more car-friendly
           | is directly at odds with anything that would actually improve
           | the city itself.
           | 
           | > solved with several large car parks next to fast mass
           | transit
           | 
           | I don't disagree with this concept, but your suggestions are
           | still surprisingly far in to London. Why do they need to be
           | inside the M25 at all?
        
             | petercooper wrote:
             | _Out of interest, why do you wish that it had happened?_
             | 
             | I like roads. I like motorways. I've always enjoyed being
             | in LA. Just a personal preference. I am under no illusions
             | that it would have actually worked in London, but I have a
             | Ballardian sense of "what if" to major infrastructure
             | projects. I never expect anyone to agree with me.
             | 
             |  _your suggestions are still surprisingly far in to London.
             | Why do they need to be inside the M25 at all?_
             | 
             | They don't. Ebbsfleet, being on HS1, is a reasonable
             | example of a park and ride option outside the M25, although
             | it's amazingly expensive to park there for what used to all
             | be fields when I was a kid..
             | 
             | The problem is lack of infrastructure. We can't just slap 4
             | or 5 Ebbsfleets outside the M25 because there are few
             | reasonable ways to offer a 20-30 minute journey into
             | central London from them at this point. But this is my
             | point. If they'd conceded we'd need this sort of thing when
             | they ditched the ringways project 40+ years ago, we could
             | have had something in place well before now. Where can you
             | park and ride from, say, the top third of the M25?
             | Stevenage is probably your only reasonable bet.. especially
             | as even Cockfosters is a cramped 40 minute tube ride to St.
             | Pancras.
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | Why does it need to be a 20-30 minute journey? It would
               | take a lot longer than that to drive that distance.
        
               | petercooper wrote:
               | There needs to be a quid pro quo for the inconvenience
               | and 20-30 minutes feels like a reasonable amount of time
               | to get from the outskirts to the centre of a large city.
               | If public transport took the same amount of time, or
               | more, as driving, there is less motivation for a driver
               | to use it unless you can price them out of driving.
               | 
               | (Indeed, that is the problem in my local area since the
               | nearest town is an hour on the bus, versus a 25 minute
               | drive, so services keep getting cut.. so less people
               | ride.. etc. etc.)
        
             | whywhywhywhy wrote:
             | Wouldn't there need to be more large car parks in the
             | middle of the city if it were more car friendly.
             | 
             | Think car ideology pollutes peoples minds sometimes that
             | they can't see how utterly stupid it is to build cities
             | around cars [1]
             | 
             | [1]: usa.streetsblog.org/wp-
             | content/uploads/sites/5/2013/03/Picture-112.png
        
             | kmlx wrote:
             | > car-friendly is directly at odds with anything that would
             | actually improve the city
             | 
             | this is because our solutions to car-friendly cities
             | usually mean tearing down neighbourhoods, more pollution
             | etc. there are solutions that please both sides of the
             | table, but they usually involve huge costs. and in the
             | current climate of litigating everything combined with
             | political polarisation and the very nature of democracy,
             | they're usually a non-starter.
        
               | Majings wrote:
               | > There are solutions that please both sides of the table
               | 
               | I'd love to hear about some of these. As someone who sits
               | firmly on one side of the table (live in central London,
               | don't own a car etc.) my default position is to reject
               | anything which encourages the use of private motor
               | vehicles in the city, so I definitely think I should try
               | to hear the other side!
        
           | emsixteen wrote:
           | Highly recommend Not Just Bikes and Practical Engineering
           | channels on YouTube. You'd be hard pressed not to realise
           | that wishing they'd happened was a mistake.
        
           | twelvechairs wrote:
           | You have the easy choice which is catch the train in.
        
             | petercooper wrote:
             | Then we have a repeat performance of everything I said
             | before but merely in a different town. Even in towns as far
             | flung as Peterborough, Reading or Oxford there are numerous
             | issues with accessing and parking at the stations.
        
           | MattPalmer1086 wrote:
           | Honestly, driving in London is slow and annoying, and it's
           | hard to find parking, particularly in the center.
           | 
           | You're much better off using public transport within London,
           | or just walking (I've seen people take tube rides one or two
           | stops that are quicker to just walk in the center).
           | 
           | I don't even own a car in London anymore, I just hire them
           | when I need to get away somewhere that needs one.
        
             | barrkel wrote:
             | Scooters are IMO the best way to get around London if your
             | common destinations are not well connected to the Tube.
             | Cycling isn't too bad but it can be a tad intimidating.
        
               | nicoburns wrote:
               | Buses are also a good option. It used to be a nightmare
               | to work out which bus(es) to catch, but with modern
               | mapping apps it's easy.
        
             | kmlx wrote:
             | > and it's hard to find parking, particularly in the center
             | 
             | not sure about this. i always find parking in the center of
             | London.
        
             | MattPalmer1086 wrote:
             | Addendum: the CityMapper app is excellent for getting
             | around London.
        
             | petercooper wrote:
             | You're absolutely right once you're _there_. I 'm talking
             | about actually getting there as someone who lives 100+
             | miles away. The UK needs better options for switching from
             | the required car to some high speed option for the final 30
             | minutes of the journey. Even LA offers this with its Metro
             | stops..
        
               | multjoy wrote:
               | There are plenty of train stations 30 minutes out from
               | London. You can go as far north as Letchworth Garden
               | City, west as Reading, south west as Woking and so on.
        
               | robotresearcher wrote:
               | There's a shortage of convenient parking at these outlier
               | stations, because most were built in the center of towns
               | long ago without parking in mind. Woking station was
               | built in 1838.
        
               | zip1234 wrote:
               | There are absolutely great rail links to London. From
               | nearly every direction. Drive your car to one of those
               | places, buy a travelcard and you're all set.
        
               | 7952 wrote:
               | There are options like Bristol/Didcot/Oxford parkway that
               | do exactly that. Some of the lines are very slow though
               | and need a lot of modernisation to give quick access. I
               | wonder if some of this could be solved one day using
               | small electric regional airlines that could land within
               | the M25 and fly from small town airfields with parking.
        
               | petercooper wrote:
               | I believe such a thing happened a fair bit with Newquay
               | until COVID caused services to cease. I live quite near a
               | small airport that flies to Amsterdam. I can actually be
               | in central Amsterdam quicker than London door to door and
               | it's an appealing approach, but the CO2 situation is not
               | so nice.
        
           | throwaway22032 wrote:
           | The actual move is just to park on the street for free near a
           | random outer tube station.
        
           | whywhywhywhy wrote:
           | Just get a train why do you need the car?
        
             | petercooper wrote:
             | I'm an unusual case, but I live in one of the least
             | accessible parts of the country with extremely poor
             | transport links (even by road). It is, of course, totally
             | possible to drive to other cities to then get the train,
             | but then you have the same problems just in a different
             | city (since amazingly few have particularly good parking +
             | mass transit arrangements).
             | 
             | Beyond that, once you're in the car and trundling along,
             | switching transport modes isn't particularly appetising,
             | particularly when trains are so costly if not booked in
             | advance and you have zero idea if you'll even get a seat.
             | Yes, I've stood for two hours on a train out of London. No,
             | it's actually not more fun than sitting in two hours of
             | traffic.
        
               | jen20 wrote:
               | If you failed to pre book a month in advance, it used to
               | cost over PS150 for a return trip to London from Bath
               | which got you in before normal business hours, and you
               | very often did not get a seat for that (making it
               | impossible to spend the time productively, one of the key
               | benefits of train travel). If you have three colleagues
               | travelling together for a meeting, driving or even taking
               | a car service is invariably cheaper.
        
             | kmlx wrote:
             | the weather and personal comfort are probably the top two
             | reasons. and recently the threat of getting covid is
             | probably another serious reason.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | The weather? What's that got to do with trains?
        
               | 867-5309 wrote:
               | not living in the station?
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | Unless you live somewhere with a garage that you can get
               | to without going outside, then I don't really see the
               | difference with a car that you also have to walk to
               | first.
               | 
               | But even if not, are you made of sugar or something? Why
               | can't you handle any weather?
               | 
               | (Short of disabled people, but that's not what this
               | discussion is about.)
        
               | 867-5309 wrote:
               | the distance can be hundreds of times the journey!
               | 
               | a criterion for property selection is nearest public
               | transport
               | 
               | even if you aren't made of sugar, you're not going to
               | have much fun being drenched on public transport
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | > the distance can be hundreds of times the journey!
               | 
               | You'd walk 100km to take a 1km train journey?
               | 
               | How far is it even possible to live in London from a
               | train station or bus stop?
        
               | 867-5309 wrote:
               | distance to car from house = 6 metres, distance to
               | nearest train = 600 metres
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | Don't get why one was a 'distance' and the other a
               | 'journey'?
               | 
               | But either way - wow a whole 600m! What a hardship just
               | to have clean air and a future for your children!
        
               | 867-5309 wrote:
               | maybe because it's the same thing in this context
               | 
               | they are hypothetical numbers, the point being walking in
               | bad weather is a strong argument for not using public
               | transport
               | 
               | I don't care what other people do as much as you seem to,
               | save the planet and all that, woo. if you want clean air
               | move to a village on the coast. if you want to be kind to
               | your children, raise them there
        
               | whywhywhywhy wrote:
               | Don't go to london then if you're scared of that. No one
               | is social distancing in London.
        
           | tomcart wrote:
           | Crossrail will eventually (hopefully this year now) make it
           | trivial for you to catch a fast, direct train from
           | shenfield/romford to Bond Street - even today this is a
           | straightforward journey with a change at stratford tbh.
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | See also Glasgow, where the megaproject did happen and the
         | American-style M8 terminates directly in the center of the
         | city. It's never quite caught up with good public transport
         | options. I'd suggest trams if the massive cost and time
         | overruns of the Edinburgh scheme hadn't put me off.
         | 
         | (There _is_ a subway in Glasgow, but due to tunneling
         | difficulties and its age the trains are unusually small. It
         | feels like a 2/3 scale model of the London Underground)
        
           | beardyw wrote:
           | I have distant memories of an on ramp coming down on the
           | right hand / fast lane side. Am I right?
        
             | ilikejam wrote:
             | Yep. Charing Cross exit, J18 is on the right side.
        
         | choeger wrote:
         | You're celebrating the fact that people _don 't own_ something
         | that they probably (judging by looking at other people) would
         | find _quite useful_. Many, many people pay a lot of money every
         | month to own their own private mode of transportation. So are
         | these 46% really voluntarily abstaining or are they forced into
         | abstinence?
         | 
         | I know that many, especially young, childless, people think
         | they don't need a car. I know several such people that happily
         | pay (and can afford to) quite a steep price for leaving their
         | city, either by train, plane, or rental car. But they're not
         | typical, I'd say.
         | 
         | In my case, our family car is moved only very little, say
         | 10000km/a. There are some use cases where a rental car or train
         | tickets just don't cut it - we would pay double the price and
         | still have longer travel and additional complications (mental
         | load is a real thing for parents).
         | 
         | Obviously, I am not driving through the city if I can avoid it.
         | But every now and then I want to leave it/return to it. I
         | consider ownership the best option here and I gladly pay for
         | the parking space.
         | 
         | So in conclusion, I think that every city should make it
         | trivial to rent a parking space in some garage. People that
         | don't own cars might benefit from such additional storage space
         | as well. I also don't think it should be more expensive than
         | renting a very simple apartment. But instead, cities try to
         | cram more and more people with less and less space into the
         | same buildings.
         | 
         | And I would not be surprised if these road projects were
         | designed with a much smaller and less densely populated city in
         | mind.
        
           | calcifer wrote:
           | > There are some use cases where a rental car or train
           | tickets just don't cut it
           | 
           | I get trains, but what are some of these car-requiring
           | scenarios where a rental won't cut it?
        
             | mbirth wrote:
             | E.g. pets. Most rental companies don't allow pets in their
             | cars.
             | 
             | And there might also be situations where the next rental
             | company is far away and you'd spend a lot of time going
             | there. Depending on how often you need a car, having your
             | own in front of your house might be the better choice.
             | 
             | Same for long holidays where the rent for a car can easily
             | be a big chunk of your holiday budget even if you only need
             | it for a few days during your trip.
        
           | klelatti wrote:
           | This argument doesn't take account of the impact on others of
           | the thing that stays in your garage most of the time. The
           | environmental impact of manufacturing it, of creating
           | infrastructure to carry it etc.
           | 
           | We should absolutely celebrate lower car ownership in cities
           | and work towards making it a viable option for more people.
        
           | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
           | > In my case, our family car is moved only very little, say
           | 10000km/a. There are some use cases where a rental car or
           | train tickets just don't cut it - we would pay double the
           | price
           | 
           | Have you actually done full lifetime cost analysis of the
           | owned car vs. a rental car under this scenario?
           | 
           | The outcome can depend on a number of things, notably how
           | much you pay for your own car initially. It's also obviously
           | somewhat subjective how you price the inconvenience of
           | picking up/dropping off the rental car.
           | 
           | When I did this in Philadelphia in the mid-90s as
           | neighborhood car shares started to become a thing (briefly,
           | sadly), my conclusion was that since we already owned
           | (outright) a small, useful vehicle at that point, it made
           | more sense to continue doing so, but that if we were about to
           | buy a more expensive replacement vehicle, the car share made
           | more financial sense. This was with a child, btw.
        
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