[HN Gopher] Announcing a16z crypto research
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Announcing a16z crypto research
        
       Author : picture
       Score  : 90 points
       Date   : 2022-04-21 17:00 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (a16z.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (a16z.com)
        
       | sydthrowaway wrote:
       | Science-washing a gigantic pump and dump.
        
       | labrador wrote:
       | The company I worked for in 2000 got hooked up with Enron and the
       | VP of Engineering, a man of middling talent, became obsessed with
       | taking this windfall from Enron and making his mark in the world.
       | He began dreaming of all kinds of big projects with the cash,
       | except he didn't involve me or some of the engineers because he
       | knew we would shoot down his ideas. He wanted to be a big player
       | in Web1. He grabbed some mediocre engineers who he could bedazzle
       | to implement his big designs. I got bored with nothing to do and
       | quit. Right after I left it all came crashing down. Web2 rose
       | from the ashes and it was good. I'm feeling the same vibes now,
       | so I'll wait for Web4.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dot-com_bubble
       | 
       | https://www.investopedia.com/updates/enron-scandal-summary/
        
       | asasidh wrote:
       | "research" is a way to fund a PR machine to legitimize the scams
       | they fund in the first place.
        
       | tzumby wrote:
       | It's great to see respected cryptographers like Dan Boneh behind
       | stuff like this.
        
         | randomhodler84 wrote:
         | And Joseph Bonneau! Hard hitting team of quality math wizards
        
         | hsavit1 wrote:
         | I have lost respect for anyone involved with a16z at this point
        
       | randomhodler84 wrote:
       | This is an absolutely killer team. Congrats to a16z.
        
       | mmastrac wrote:
       | I thought wasting the smartest brains on adtech was bad, but it
       | seems like we're at the point of capital chasing _any_ old fad
       | now.
        
         | boringg wrote:
         | Let me add my 2 cents. I thought wasting some of our smarter
         | brains (smartest didn't fall for the bait) on ad tech and
         | business school (to consulting sweatshops and now product
         | managers) was bad but it seems like we're at the point of
         | capital chasing _any_ old fad now.
        
           | mmastrac wrote:
           | Fair enough!
        
       | jdrc wrote:
       | What kind of research is needed in cryptochains?
        
         | sillyinseattle wrote:
         | Very wide range. On the cryptography side: new signature
         | schemes, cryptographic proof systems. Research on voting
         | systems, economic incentive design, coordination and trust
         | problems with value transfers (bridges) across different
         | chains, VM + compiler design for smart contract execution
        
           | JohnHaugeland wrote:
           | all things crypto has been pretending to work on for more
           | than a decade while riding the work of an individual research
           | paper from the 1970s which explained, at the end of the
           | paper, why this should never be used for money
           | 
           | y'all some junior koch brothers
        
         | shafyy wrote:
         | None. They are noticing the NFT hype starting to die down, and
         | now need to keep the ferris wheel running with something.
         | Crypto is only marketing, there is no actual value created.
        
           | cato23 wrote:
           | https://cryptorating.eu/whitepapers/Aave/aave-v2-whitepaper..
           | ..
           | 
           | Decentralized lending markets
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jp42 wrote:
           | I wish you go through Foundation of Blockchain lecture series
           | by Tim Roughgarden and also understand what cryptography is.
           | I bet you will change you mind on - there is no math in
           | crypto.
        
             | qorrect wrote:
             | He did not say anything about cryptography.
        
             | Daishiman wrote:
             | So how has that mapped into actually useful projects?
        
         | trzy wrote:
         | Research on finding a legitimate use case ;)
        
         | cinntaile wrote:
         | To get an idea you can search for blockchain on Google Scholar.
         | There is plenty to be done. Some naive questions could be...
         | How to scale them, how to increase privacy, what are the right
         | incentive structures, what happens if you change those
         | structures, how can you reduce the size of the chain while
         | still keeping the chain secure, what kind of attacks are
         | possible and how do you mitigate or prevent them and so on.
        
       | endisneigh wrote:
       | Why doesn't anyone make a _legal_ application or service that
       | exclusively uses crypto?
        
       | bspear wrote:
       | Another day, another A16Z announcement
        
       | Barrin92 wrote:
       | I'd be better if more resources, attention and research were
       | dedicated to decentralization technologies like ActivityPub, Tim
       | Berners-Lee's Solid (trying to rescue some ideas of the Semantic
       | Web), or even their eldritch cousin Urbit. because all of those
       | have the benefit of not trying to ram random things through a
       | global state machine with the computational capacity of a
       | microwave so people can make billions of dollars selling
       | DeviantArt pictures of monkeys.
        
         | FridgeSeal wrote:
         | This is the funniest and most succinct definition of crypto
         | things I've seen. Definitely going to borrow that analogy.
         | 
         | If we continue the analogy, crypto fans usually respond by
         | asserting that the problem will be solved any day now by making
         | the platter spin faster and having 30 new defrost modes, but at
         | the end of the day, it's still just a souped up microwave.
        
       | exdsq wrote:
       | I can't wait for another series of fruitful discussions HN has on
       | front-page crypto articles! It's great how people discuss the
       | article itself and not pre-conceived prejudices for/against this
       | topic in general.
        
       | version_five wrote:
       | This is approaching the end game of what happens when "deep tech"
       | or "business translator" types that have no actual technical
       | education but "get it" because they understand a parable or
       | analogy about something get too much away.
       | 
       | It's almost like a vertical integration to be able to control the
       | whole value chain of BS instead of having to find legit sources
       | to cite. Somehow this has shades of Enron or Theranos, where a
       | non-specialist's misconception of an idea results in a gigantic
       | scam.
       | 
       | In some ways, at least those people are mostly just genuinely
       | ignorant. The folks like the faculty they have lined up
       | presumably know better, but are still going along with it.
        
       | firloop wrote:
       | Clearly a response to Paradigm funding much of the best crypto
       | research. Hoping that, like Paradigm's efforts, this actually
       | leads to meaningful new research and public goods.
        
         | fuddle wrote:
         | I'm a big fan of the work Paradigm is doing. Foundry is a great
         | project: https://book.getfoundry.sh/ It makes sense for them to
         | create these open source tools if it can improve the
         | development productivity of their portfolio companies.
        
       | Kalanos wrote:
       | Please work with David Recordon to make anonymous blockchain-
       | enabled voting happen.
       | 
       | It puts the tamperproof feature to work, and there are some
       | measures in place for voting that help ensure the data being
       | placed on the blockchain is actually authentic.
       | 
       | Maybe the press too
       | 
       | EDIT: would love to hear opposing downvoting views. our votes are
       | already digital and tamperable
        
         | nullc wrote:
         | > EDIT: would love to hear opposing downvoting views. our votes
         | are already digital and tamperable
         | 
         | So instead of making them less tamperable you instead want to
         | make it seamless to buy and sell votes as well as less private?
         | 
         | Blockchains solve precisely _zero_ of the hard problems in
         | voting, and instead add tons of problems.
         | 
         | Cryptography for voting? Absolutely-- sure. There is plenty
         | that cryptography has to offer, but not the blockchain part.
         | Bitcoin is useful, but blockchain voting is a receipt for
         | corruption.
        
           | Kalanos wrote:
           | what problems would it add? you haven't actually made a point
           | yet.
           | 
           | the blockchain would provide a tamper-proof record of each
           | vote. that is an improvement.
           | 
           | i don't understand what benefits hashing would add.
        
         | ekr____ wrote:
         | Do you mean on HN or in real elections? In real elections, the
         | situation is actually quite complicated depending on where you
         | live. Specifically:
         | 
         | - Many people vote on paper with hand counting, which is of
         | course not digital. - Many people vote on paper with machine
         | counting, which is straightforwardly auditable. - Many people
         | vote on Direct Recording Electronic (touchscreen) machines.
         | Some of these have paper trails which can be audited and some
         | do not.
         | 
         | Some background here on conventional voting systems:
         | https://educatedguesswork.org/tags/voting/
         | 
         | There has been quite a bit of work on cryptographic voting, but
         | the blockchain feature doesn't really help that much, because
         | the votes are signed and there is a public record of who voted
         | and who did not. The complicated piece is ensuring the votes
         | haven't been tampered with while keeping them secret, but
         | again, the blockchain doesn't help here. The deployment
         | problems around cryptographic voting are largely about endpoint
         | security and user comprehension of what's happening.
        
           | Kalanos wrote:
           | "vote on paper with hand counting" how is the sum
           | communicated and stored?
        
             | RandomLensman wrote:
             | By phone and on paper, for example. Depending on which
             | country you are in, these systems are very robust and
             | difficult to tamper, as granular results are published and
             | counting is decentralized. And here's the kicker: where I
             | live, people can get pretty randomly drafted into counting
             | and support duty for election day, i.e., not easy to insert
             | enough malicious actors into those emptying the boxes,
             | counting the ballots etc.
        
               | [deleted]
        
       | thesausageking wrote:
       | a16z have pumped and dumped dozens of crypto projects, often with
       | retail investors getting screwed over. They the main investors
       | behind the "Internet Computer" (ICP) project which was dumped on
       | retail at $450 and then crashed to $30 weeks later and never
       | recovered. a16z partner Chris Dixon promoted it to retail
       | investors, saying "The Internet Computer is on track to become a
       | critical piece of the future technology stack. This is
       | groundbreaking."
       | 
       | https://www.coingecko.com/en/coins/internet-computer
       | 
       | Any crypto "research" group they're doing is to whitewash all of
       | the shady projects they're profiting from.
        
         | cagr wrote:
         | It's Chris Dixon's job to pump and dump bags on retail
         | investors. I've muted his account on Twitter.
        
         | memish wrote:
         | Is there evidence they dumped their share?
        
           | JohnHaugeland wrote:
           | yes. tons. go look.
        
       | Comevius wrote:
       | "social networks that empower artists and creators (via NFTs)"
       | 
       | That's totally what happened. We are in a renaissance of
       | artistry, of artists creating meaningful art out of conviction,
       | and making a living.
       | 
       | "innovation in the space is only accelerating"
       | 
       | They mispelled infinite exploitation of people who are greedy or
       | desperate to believe in something. A common mistake. Pushing
       | ticking timebombs on people as investment and fanning the hype
       | machine, if not outright manipulating the markets can be called
       | innovation, but innovation should involve societal gain too.
       | 
       | Let me share an example of actual innovation. Imagine if you will
       | a database technology that allows encrypted data to be searched
       | and the server to be untrusted, not having the ability to
       | compromise the data regardless of how curious or malicious the
       | server is. This is a very complicated problem, but it would allow
       | for companies with services like Facebook to not have access to
       | your data, unless you shared it, while still being able to
       | operate the service. You would still have to trust third parties
       | or the government to store your encryption keys, and perhaps to
       | ensure the freshness of your data, there is no such thing as zero
       | trust, but we wouldn't have to trust as many parties. We could
       | create a trust infrastructure every new service can benefit from.
       | 
       | This kind of technology would compromise the business model of
       | many companies, but isn't it the goal of Web 3.0 to give ordinary
       | people more control over their lives, their data? I suspect the
       | actual goal of it is to create a use for cryptocurrencies, or
       | maybe find another avenue for growth and exploitation. Don't get
       | me wrong, make as much money as you can, but do something useful.
       | Do something people actually want or need. Don't just wantonly
       | and reclessly exploit them. Create some damn value, something
       | your mama would be proud of.
        
         | TimPC wrote:
         | Your database technology is interesting but has the problem
         | that there is a legitimate use case for a company having access
         | to at least some of the data on its servers. It is impossible
         | to optimize a service without transparency into what it is
         | providing and which of those results are useful. Companies
         | spend a good deal of time and effort, arguably even over-
         | optimizing for this, but many applications which don't do it at
         | all are crap. Any product based on this technology lacks the
         | data to do any form of recommendations and most services these
         | days consider recommendations an essential component.
        
           | Comevius wrote:
           | The point is that people would have the option to opt-out of
           | or opt-in to privacy, when that makes sense. Not every
           | company would offer those options, but no company can today,
           | except for cloud storage where client-side encryption can be
           | considered practically secure in many, but not all cases. For
           | a database client-side encryption unfortunately cannot
           | provide adequate protection.
        
             | TimPC wrote:
             | Fair but the parent comment referenced Facebook as an
             | example and I think it's fair to say Facebook is rather
             | dependant on content recommendation to the point where they
             | wouldn't use the technology at all.
        
           | api wrote:
           | > It is impossible to optimize a service without transparency
           | into what it is providing and which of those results are
           | useful.
           | 
           | People created excellent UIs in the "shrink wrap" software
           | era before people even had network connections. In fact, many
           | would argue that some of these UIs were simpler and cleaner
           | and overall better.
           | 
           | Oh wait... if by optimize a service you mean optimize it for
           | _engagement_ (addiction, triggering, controversy) then I
           | agree.
        
             | TimPC wrote:
             | Excellent UIs for shrink wrap software. I think we can
             | agree that the UI for Netflix or YouTube depends on content
             | recommendation in ways that shrink wrap software doesn't.
             | One person's engagement (addiction, triggering,
             | controversy) is another person's usability. If YouTube is
             | going to recommend entirely Fox News videos to an
             | apolitical user it's not going to provide a good interface.
             | Even search is hard to do properly without data. How is
             | YouTube useful if it can't do recommendations and you can't
             | search it?
        
               | Comevius wrote:
               | Youtube or Netflix content that's publicly shared would
               | not have privacy protections aside from encryption in
               | transit. The same goes for Facebook content that's
               | publicly shared.
               | 
               | But running a service like Youtube that keeps Google in
               | the dark about what you are watching is not possible.
               | It's not even that content creators would have to upload
               | their content padded and encrypted, and privately share
               | the content with their audiences, but the entire audience
               | would need to privately aquire the content each time. A
               | statistically or computationally secure solution like
               | read-only ORAM is out of question at that scale, well any
               | scale that's larger than a few gigabytes. Anything with a
               | constant overhead would only amount to I downloaded five
               | videos, guess what video did I end up watching? And
               | Google would have a one in five chance to tell, if the
               | requests are random, but over time they could still piece
               | you together since your privacy equals to watching five
               | videos at a time, revisiting videos, visiting popular
               | ones, visiting certain ones at a certain time in a
               | certain order. The client could throw in a few fake
               | requests, but such constant effort would still be
               | defeated.
        
               | api wrote:
               | > I think we can agree that the UI for Netflix or YouTube
               | depends on content recommendation in ways that shrink
               | wrap software doesn't.
               | 
               | I can imagine a lot of interfaces for sites like that
               | which do not require personalized feedback at all. In
               | fact, a rich search feature allowing me to say what I
               | want to find would usually be preferable to an opaque
               | recommendation engine designed to steer me toward content
               | the site wants me to visit.
        
               | TimPC wrote:
               | Sure, but how do you build a rich search feature if you
               | are unable to extract features from the private content?
        
               | api wrote:
               | The idea the OP put forward is a database that allows
               | "blind" searches. So I could, for example, search for
               | articles between dates X and Y without revealing X or Y
               | or the content or actual date of any article. The results
               | of the search would be encrypted.
               | 
               | There is disagreement in the cryptography community about
               | the extent to which this is actually possible. I've seen
               | a few proofs that the obvious "magic" version of this
               | where you can directly but blindly search is impossible
               | because you could use search criteria to reconstruct the
               | content, but that only rules out the most obvious
               | implementation strategies. There's a lot of research
               | going on with this kind of thing in the cryptographic
               | community that involves leveraging zero knowledge proofs,
               | homomorphic encryption, and so on. Nothing practical
               | enough to make anything like a blind SQL database though.
               | 
               | In any case I was arguing against the claim that this
               | would preclude good UI/UX design if it were in fact
               | possible.
        
               | TimPC wrote:
               | Most search in modern projects isn't things like date
               | ranges though it's often things like machine learnt
               | mappings that identify similarity scores with words.
               | Failing that it's some sort of ML to learn tags and
               | keyword matching on those tags.
               | 
               | When I search YouTube I'm seldom looking for all videos
               | made on August 29th. I might instead be looking for
               | videos of a black cat. Or videos containing music with
               | certain lyrics that I search for. This is what I thought
               | you meant by rich search. I contend it's unlikely you can
               | design a privacy respecting service that can also extract
               | the features necessary to train a search model.
        
         | ignoramous wrote:
         | > _Imagine if you will a database technology that allows
         | encrypted data to be searched and the server to be untrusted,
         | not having the ability to compromise the data regardless of how
         | curious or malicious the server is. This is a very complicated
         | problem, but it would allow for companies with services like
         | Facebook to not have access to your data, unless you shared it,
         | while still being able to operate the service._
         | 
         | dualitytech.com | cosmian.com | inpher.io | enveil.com |
         | apheris.com | capeprivacy.com
         | 
         | I was hoping a16z had invested in one of these companies
         | working on privacy-enhancing technologies (PET)... but no. May
         | be, the tech is not quite there yet, or a16z doesn't yet have
         | an "investment thesis" for it.
         | 
         | > _This kind of technology would compromise the business model
         | of many companies, but isn 't it the goal of Web 3.0 to give
         | ordinary people more control over their lives, their data?_
         | 
         | A counter point to this is web3 institutions like the Algorand
         | Foundation which employ some of the best cryptographers and
         | security researchers who have gone on to make non-trivial
         | contributions in PET and MPC (multi-party computation) fields.
        
         | yowlingcat wrote:
         | I think there is perhaps a bit of irony in that your example of
         | "database technology that allows encrypted data to be searched
         | and the server to be untrusted" has already, to some degree,
         | been invented in several competing and production strength
         | crypto implementations: ZCash (Equihash) and Monero
         | (RandomX/CryptoNight).
         | 
         | I am stretching the truth a little bit here and it's more like
         | "allows encrypted data/messages to be bidirectionally sent and
         | exchanged two parties while the server is untrusted" because
         | neither of these protocols allow for search. However, they /do/
         | allow for fully anonymous transactions + data storage, upon
         | which you could build the rest of your social networks on top
         | of.
         | 
         | So IMO the actual pace of technological innovation in crypto is
         | quite strong. I'm not such a big fan of the NFT space, but DeFi
         | and the truly anonymous coins are extremely interesting to me.
        
           | Comevius wrote:
           | The closest technology we have are verifiable databases,
           | usually immutable ones. They can detect the server modifying
           | the data, either with a Merkle or vector commitment tree,
           | which blockchain technology also relies on.
           | 
           | The difference is that those databases are much more
           | efficient than blockchain technologies. The whole proof of
           | work (voting power depends on computational effort) song and
           | dance is unnecessary for a database. Even for a distributed
           | database you only need a Byzantine agreement such as Paxos,
           | which can only tolerate a certain number of faulty or
           | malicious nodes. This would not work for cryptocurrencies,
           | they need to tolerate arbitary number of such nodes (also
           | known as a Sybil attack) to avoid the double spending
           | problem. Cryptocurrency transactions are not I-confluent
           | (invariant confluent), but certain database transactions are
           | and they don't require consensus at all, so there are
           | specialized databases that can tolerate arbitrary number of
           | faulty or malicious nodes without Sybil countermeasures.
           | 
           | The problem with crypto is that a solution to a specific
           | problem (eliminating the double spending problem trustlessly)
           | can't be applied to every problem. There are trade-offs
           | involved. Solving the double spending problem will let you
           | have cryptocurrencies, but will lock you out of efficiently
           | solving a lot of other problems.
        
           | JohnHaugeland wrote:
           | > I am stretching the truth a little bit here
           | 
           | long past its breaking point
        
           | ChadNauseam wrote:
           | The database problem the GP describes is actively being
           | worked on and is extremely difficult. There's Etebase, which
           | is a product that's attempting to provide some of what they
           | hope for, but without very modern (and usually very slow)
           | encryption techniques it's not workable for most use cases.
           | For example, on Etebase it's impossible to return rows in
           | order from lowest to highest without using complicated hacks
           | involving client-side indices. (In general, the field of
           | doing operations on encrypted data is called homomorphic
           | encryption.)
           | 
           | ZK-tech, while super cool, is not super related IMO, but it
           | is seem strange that the GP doesn't seem to consider it a
           | worthwhile side effect of cryptocurrency hype.
        
         | kmangutov wrote:
         | > "social networks that empower artists and creators (via
         | NFTs)"
         | 
         | > That's totally what happened. We are in a renaissance of
         | artistry, of artists creating meaningful art out of conviction,
         | and making a living.
         | 
         | From the home page of https://www.sound.xyz/, "$2,688,130.20
         | Earned by artists from fans using Sound Records"
         | 
         | You can debate whether PayPal or cash would be more efficient
         | than using Ethereum here, but this is a new channel for artists
         | to focus on the art and make a living.
        
           | JohnHaugeland wrote:
           | It's really weird how you're holding up 2.3 million paid out
           | to 7,000 artists over a year and a half as if it's somehow
           | empowering artists or creators
           | 
           | That's $16 a person a month. That isn't even a movie ticket
           | in most cities.
           | 
           | .
           | 
           | > You can debate whether PayPal or cash would be more
           | efficient than using Ethereum here
           | 
           | No you can't. There are individual sales larger than this on
           | PayPal and cash.
           | 
           | This is just a crypto bro trying to sound deep by throwing
           | out numbers and not really thinking about if they're any good
           | 
           | .
           | 
           | > but this is a new channel for artists to focus on the art
           | and make a living.
           | 
           | No it absolutely is not
           | 
           | It's not even a compact disc monthly
           | 
           | Please do the math first next time
        
           | Comevius wrote:
           | My feeling is that this does something to the discoverability
           | problem, to music patronage that's completely superfluous and
           | doesn't serve the artists or their audience. It's being
           | pushed by NFT enthusiasts and a16z, but yet to gain
           | mainstream appeal.
           | 
           | I think this would be much more successful without NFTs,
           | cryptocurrencies and all that. It would make it possible for
           | ordinary people to understand the service better, especially
           | when it comes to payment. The involvement of cryptocurrencies
           | is simply a barrier. Scarcity isn't the best incentive
           | either, it's an extrinsic motivation associated with logic
           | and ownership, whereas for music you want an intrinsic
           | motivation associated with self-expression, creativity and
           | social aspects. These NFT platforms are suprisingly bad at
           | presenting a social influence incentive, you would think it
           | would be their bread and butter. Basically you want that and
           | empowerment, with a bit of epic meaning mixed in. You want a
           | creative playground of artists and their audience both
           | feeling that they have an impact. None of this scarcity crap,
           | instant turn off, it's completely on the other side of the
           | spectrum. The point of music and any creative endevour is not
           | the scarcity of the end product, it's sharing it. It's
           | connection. There is no point in ownership. That's not the
           | kind of connection people trully want, it's bragging rights
           | at best.
        
           | mbesto wrote:
           | Which is an absolute drop in the hat when you compare it to
           | people selling computer generated monkeys and those
           | arbitraging crypto.
           | 
           | Look, maybe the art renaissance is coming soon(tm) but it
           | sure as hell is not here now, especially relative to the
           | financial one.
        
         | adamsmith143 wrote:
         | >That's totally what happened. We are in a renaissance of
         | artistry, of artists creating meaningful art out of conviction,
         | and making a living.
         | 
         | This is irony right? Because a guy made some money selling ape
         | drawings there's now a renaissance?
        
           | FridgeSeal wrote:
           | I'm pretty certain that paragraph is meant to be read with a
           | heavy serving of sarcasm.
        
           | JohnHaugeland wrote:
           | > This is irony right?
           | 
           | you needed to ask?
        
         | aww_dang wrote:
         | >Don't get me wrong, make as much money as you can, but do
         | something useful. Do something people actually want or need.
         | Don't just wantonly and reclessly exploit them. Create some
         | damn value, something your mama would be proud of.
         | 
         | We're at a place in some circles where cryptocurrency projects
         | and any _subjective_ _value_ they may provide is preemptively
         | dismissed with prejudice. Ultimately the customer decides what
         | he values. As tech types it is too easy to sit back and claim,
         | "Oh these consumers don't know what they want". Perhaps that is
         | true. Perhaps what we find useful or interesting isn't what
         | interests consumers. If we really know what will satisfy them,
         | then we should provide it.
         | 
         | Knee-jerk condemnations are a bit easier.
        
           | Comevius wrote:
           | I'm certainly open for suprises.
           | 
           | There may be subjective value, but there is also fraud and
           | exploitation. Calling it out is not wrong. I would be very
           | interested in a16z honestly writing about the actual problems
           | in this industry, how are they combatting them, but hype is
           | the only language they know. They pretend that NFTs or games
           | with token economies are utopias, because an utopia is easy
           | to sell. They are very far from an utopia, in fact a lot of
           | nasty things are going on with them.
        
           | jancsika wrote:
           | So why is the current definition of "cryptocurrency" so
           | narrow? It seems to imply either a) blockchain, or b) some
           | decentralized alternative to blockchain that tries to fill in
           | the basic features of blockchain and one day scale it.
           | 
           | But there must be dozens of other approaches to doing
           | cryptocurrencies in a sane and safe manner. E.g., in all this
           | crazy buzz, has _anyone_ in this space tried to do an updated
           | version of digicash? That was a digital payment system
           | created by one of the grandfathers of modern crypto. I 've
           | never heard a counterargument to its fundamentals-- unlike
           | Bitcoin, you got your cashlike properties of anonymity wrt
           | the issuing back through the use of blinded signatures. And
           | I'm pretty sure it could also scale much better than
           | blockchain-based stuff. It just pre-dated ecommerce so it
           | didn't have a market.
           | 
           | There must be dozens of other non-blockchain approaches that
           | also route around all the scaling problems of trying to do a
           | blockchain or decentralized approach.
           | 
           | I mean, even in the realm of anonymous messaging researchers
           | like Len Sassman came up with remailers that could make use
           | of some number of centralized servers without relying on them
           | to play nice for the anonymity properties. Hell, Moxie even
           | went full centralized and still gets what I think a lot of
           | commenters on HN would have to admit are decent privacy
           | properties. Or, at least better privacy options than you'd
           | get with doing transactions through Bitcoin.
           | 
           | Are there equivalent non-blockchain, non-decentralization-
           | zealotry cryptocurrency experiments going on right now in
           | this same space? If so, I'd love to know about them.
           | 
           | If not, then it sure does look like a bunch of people either
           | copy/pasted Bitcoin's hashcash hack or put an experimental
           | stop-gap in there to surf atop this ocean of cash that seems
           | to only chase this incredibly small niche.
        
           | Hjfrf wrote:
           | Cryptocurrency projects have squandered a decade of good
           | faith with no useful product.
           | 
           | They've done a great deal of harm in that period, so I can't
           | see even the current level of mild negative sentiment as
           | sustainable.
        
             | nickstinemates wrote:
             | Storj is pretty useful. But, it's definitely an exception
             | not the norm.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | RC_ITR wrote:
               | And what's amazing is that the coin has a market cap of
               | $450m (probably still expensive if comped to someone like
               | Dropbox).
               | 
               | If something with that utility is so lowly valued, then
               | imagine the true intrinsic value of BTC!
        
               | Comevius wrote:
               | Storj is genuinely useful. It is however regular cloud
               | storage, except the storage nodes that must be trusted
               | will survive the company somehow. However the
               | authenticated client-side encryption will protect your
               | data, so the safety claim checks out, not sure about
               | liveness.
               | 
               | Slapping a decentralized sticker on and having a
               | cryptocurrency apparently worked out for them. This is
               | how you successfully differentiate a product.
        
           | api wrote:
           | There's an easy way to win this argument. Show me where I can
           | easily find good cryptocurrency stuff that is not:
           | 
           | (1) Gambling (including "investing" in speculative non-
           | corporeal assets)
           | 
           | (2) Scams (this includes misattributed art)
           | 
           | (3) Obvious mediocre junk created to cash in on a fad
           | 
           | I'm sure you can dig and find a couple of examples. The
           | problem is that you have to dig. BBSes, the Internet, and the
           | WWW protocol were instantly useful. One did not have to dig
           | at all to find dozens to hundreds of legitimate use cases. We
           | are in year 14 of cryptocurrency and you have to dig to find
           | anything that is not a scam or crap.
           | 
           | For example here is the flagship of the NFT craze:
           | 
           | https://opensea.io/rankings
           | 
           | It speaks for itself.
        
       | skywhopper wrote:
       | "What makes [blockchains] unique, however, is that they allow
       | developers to write code that makes strong commitments about how
       | that code will behave in the future. It is that property that
       | makes it possible for Bitcoin to guarantee that there will only
       | ever be 21 million bitcoins."
       | 
       | This is either a really bad misunderstanding of how Bitcoin works
       | or it's just a blatant lie. The parameters of the Bitcoin mining
       | algorithm can be adjusted if the mining community chooses to.
       | There is nothing about the _technology_ that mandates "how that
       | code will behave in the future".
        
         | rudiger wrote:
         | The mining community cannot change how Bitcoin works. Even if
         | 100% of miners were to change their validation logic to accept
         | more than 21 million bitcoins, none of the nodes running the
         | Bitcoin software will accept the change. Bitcoin is governed by
         | the nodes running the software, not by the source code.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | You might say that the definition of and value of bitcoins
           | are determined only by collective understanding, governed by
           | the participants in the system, and that it is backed by
           | faith in that collective governance, and will fall apart if
           | that faith falters, or if the collective illusion underlying
           | bitcoin collapses. Is that starting to sound like another
           | currency you've heard about?
        
       | boringg wrote:
       | So is this a16z realizing that they made a huge bet on crypto and
       | it isn't playing out like they wanted it to?
       | 
       | Has anyone else noticed that Andreessen on twitter has really
       | gone a different direction? I thought his commentary was normally
       | pretty buttoned up and interesting but it seems almost strictly
       | inflammatory these days. Maybe he was like this all along and I
       | never noticed. Still like hearing him talk though - even if I
       | don't agree with everything he says.
        
       | sillyinseattle wrote:
       | Outstanding researchers and educators! But a "founding research
       | team"? Are they leaving their day jobs for this? Don't think so.
        
         | clpm4j wrote:
         | They're cashing in. I'm sure they're both well paid by Stanford
         | and Columbia, but they have the opportunity to makes 10s or
         | 100s of millions of dollars through a16z.
        
       | datalopers wrote:
       | Tim Roughgarden is an excellent choice. His materials and
       | lectures focus on the actual math, science, and utility of
       | cryptocurrencies with none of the bullshit hype.
        
       | Liron wrote:
       | IMO they authentically but wrongly think there's something of
       | value to research, i.e. they drink their own kool-aid. Which
       | means they'll fail to pull their money out at the peak of the
       | bubble, undoing their impressive returns to date.
        
         | rvz wrote:
         | > Which means they'll fail to pull their money out at the peak
         | of the bubble, undoing their impressive returns to date.
         | 
         | Do you have any concrete evidence to support the claim, that
         | they (a16z) have failed to pulled out and are in a significant
         | loss on their crypto investments?
         | 
         | Otherwise this is yet another baseless and unfounded assumption
         | which can be simply dismissed entirely.
        
           | Liron wrote:
           | Huh? They've already pulled money out and banked a historic
           | return for their fund. In fact one of their partners whose
           | investment thesis is based on publicly-documented logically
           | flimsy claims [0] was #1 on this year's Midas List because he
           | made $3B for his LPs.
           | 
           | My point is that since they're drinking their own kool-aid,
           | they're not securing the bag / leaving the poker table right
           | now, a time I believe is close to peak crypto bubble
           | (although the bubble could also plausibly last another 5
           | years and inflate another 5x). They're Leeroy Jenkinsing
           | another $3.5B right now [1] which I think they're at high
           | risk of losing and tanking the IRR of the combined funds.
           | 
           | [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28664995
           | 
           | [1] https://www.coindesk.com/business/2022/01/20/andreessen-
           | horo...
        
         | boringg wrote:
         | Interesting take. I agree I think they are authentic in their
         | pursuit. Always make me ever so slightly second guess if there
         | is value they see that the majority of us don't.
        
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