[HN Gopher] Ask HN: Am I being fooled at a Dutch startup?
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       Ask HN: Am I being fooled at a Dutch startup?
        
       A couple years ago I started working for a Dutch startup. I was
       offered an equity package, but didn't think much of it at that
       time. After going through a couple of funding rounds, well, I
       started looking into it. The Dutch structure is called STAK and is
       basically a company-in-a-company without any voting rights.
       Currently it is about 6% of company stock divided among 10
       employees. I'm still very well aware that it could be worth 0 EUR
       in the end. I also very well aware of tricks being played by
       investors and engineers being squeezed out of their faire share.
       Since money came, it all about scaling up and getting a good exit.
       A month ago I (and the other engineers) were finally able to sign
       the original STAK equity contract. It was apparently an additonal
       contract. This might be negligence on my side, but I simply didn't
       know. The equity package and vesting scheme is briefly mentioned in
       my initial contract. In this new contract the vesting scheme
       changed and included a lot of additional company and personal goals
       to be achieved. So it is not only time-based now. (it was said this
       was for tax reasons). Due to this it makes it a lot harder to vest
       any additional stock (about half would probably impossible to
       vest).  I'm on good terms with the founders and I think it is
       possible to renogatiate this. But I don't know where to start. I
       read a lot about equity packages at American startups, but this
       probably doesn't apply for my situation. Can anyone offer me advice
       - What to do best? - How do I make sure what I vest, I really do
       vest and they don't change the rules again? - Is it worth anything
       (even after an exit). - The additional goals were set because of
       tax authority rules (is this a straight out lie)?
        
       Author : throwaway106720
       Score  : 23 points
       Date   : 2022-04-15 20:45 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
       | y7 wrote:
       | Wait, you were offered an equity package _years ago_ but are only
       | now receiving the certificates, and there is still a remaining
       | vesting schedule? This sounds extremely fishy.
       | 
       | I think a fixed-time vesting over 4 years is pretty standard,
       | starting from the moment of employment, with no additional terms.
       | If they're not happy with your performance, they should fire you,
       | rather than withholding shares. I think 0.6% of shares is quite
       | low, and the tax reasons sound dubious.
       | 
       | > How do I make sure what I vest, I really do vest and they don't
       | change the rules again?
       | 
       | The position of non-voting shares is quite precarious I think,
       | because a voting majority in the company can simply dilute shares
       | and render the STAK-owned shares less valuable. Besides that:
       | just read the contracts, the STAK bylaws, and once you sign the
       | certificate holder agreement it's relatively ironclad. I'd
       | recommend getting some legal advice.
        
         | throwaway106720 wrote:
         | > I think a fixed-time vesting over 4 years is pretty standard,
         | no additional terms.
         | 
         | This was the intial offering. I agree on most of what you said.
         | The package isn't that interesting (especially with the
         | possbility dilution), the extra vesting requirements seem like
         | it takes away the last bits.
        
         | notreallyserio wrote:
         | > The position of non-voting shares is quite precarious I
         | think, because a voting majority in the company can simply
         | dilute shares and render the STAK-owned shares less valuable.
         | 
         | I figure this is probably the case with most employee stock
         | grants -- it's unlikely they'll give out enough shares that
         | even every employee working together could sway elections.
        
       | abbadadda wrote:
       | Do you have a lawyer? Have you ever had a lawyer look at any of
       | these contracts? That is where I would start.
        
         | throwaway106720 wrote:
         | No, but I'm looking for a law firm that has experience with
         | funded startups
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | There are a lot of them in Amsterdam, not cheap but usually
           | quite effective, Loyens & Loeff comes to mind and possibly
           | Kennedy & van der Laan.
        
       | FearNotDaniel wrote:
       | First rule of con artists, poker players and startup founders: if
       | you can't tell who the sucker is, it's you. Doesn't matter what
       | they promise you, it's all smoke and mirrors and they can take it
       | away or make it worthless any time they like. Negotiate the best
       | salary you can, and don't give up a single cent of that monthly
       | money in the bank against some empty promise of future riches.
       | You already suspect they're lying to you, don't lose any sleep
       | over it, just ask yourself if the monthly salary is worth the
       | work you do and if not, go somewhere else.
        
         | kohanz wrote:
         | I don't really get this rule in the context of a startup. In
         | poker, the point is for there to be a win-lose arrangement
         | where you are the winner. Are you saying that one should only
         | consider joining a startup where they consider the founder(s)
         | to be a "sucker"? I doubt that's a good plan.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | This is practical, but ultimately not the best advice, the OP
         | already has a lot of time and potentially money sunk into this
         | endeavor and should at least ascertain their position before
         | making rash moves.
         | 
         | Your advice works well _before_ engagement.
        
       | mongrelion wrote:
       | Reach out to Watson Parken, they are an Accounting & Financial
       | Advice firm based in Zaandam. They will be able to give you the
       | best advice you need for your personal situation.
       | 
       | Hourly rate is ok if you team up with the other engineers and pay
       | the hourly fee together.
        
         | throwaway106720 wrote:
         | Thanks for the advice. Hopefully, I can team up with some
         | colleagues.
        
       | iforgetti wrote:
       | Hire a lawyer if you are serious. No advice here will compare.
       | Hire a lawyer who specializes in work with venture funded
       | startups.
        
       | SOLAR_FIELDS wrote:
       | Related because it's such a common refrain: Is it possible, as a
       | founding engineer or similar, to structure the contract in such a
       | way as to make your shares undilutable? I suspect the answer is
       | theoretically yes, but would be interested in how it works out in
       | practice.
        
         | rsstack wrote:
         | Anything other than pro-rata with MFN will have a tax liability
         | for you.
         | 
         | If the company was valued at $1M when you joined and you got 1%
         | (simple numbers), and then the company raises $2M at a $10M
         | pre-money valuation, your share goes down to 1%*(10/12)=0.83%.
         | To keep you from dilution without you buying new stock, then
         | company would "gift" you new shares, about 0.17% (a bit less
         | but it doesn't matter). You'd then have to pay regular income
         | tax on those $20k worth of stocks, likely at the highest tax
         | bracket. It gets worse with higher valuations, and if it's your
         | first startup you'll likely go bankrupt from the taxes before
         | you get to a liquidation event.
         | 
         | (Having pro-rata rights doesn't make this cheaper: you'd need
         | to pay the company the whole $20k to exercise your rights. My
         | goal was to demonstrate that there isn't a way to get no
         | dilution for free.)
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | You usually have the option to buy newly issued shares pro-rata
         | and at the same valuation as the other buyers, but I've never
         | seen shares that can not be diluted (essentially that would
         | mean automatically issuing and assigning shares to one or more
         | shareholders without the issuing funds being paid and afaik no
         | notary public will sign off on that, shares need to be paid
         | into the proper vehicle).
        
       | jacquesm wrote:
       | I can't tell you for sure, but it _feels_ off if the deal was
       | changed compared to what it was stated as before. But you
       | probably should have pushed a bit harder on them formalizing the
       | STAK agreement earlier. Still, it could be nothing at all and
       | maybe they simply aren 't aware that your original deal was a
       | different one, but such things rarely (if ever) happen by
       | accident.
       | 
       | Also: there are ways to use a STAK to screw the stak certificate
       | holders out of their rightful share during a liquidity event so
       | make sure that you know who represents the STAK, ideally a notary
       | public should be assigned as the administrator of the STAK, and
       | not someone in the management. Best of luck!
        
         | throwaway106720 wrote:
         | Thanks for the advice! I agree, I think things like these
         | rarely happen by accident.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | The notary that handles the STAK paperwork is an impartial
           | party, you could approach them to ask if they are aware that
           | the deal offered is not the one originally agreed to, the
           | notaries tend to take a very dim view of such tricks and may
           | well act on your behalf.
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | > I'm on good terms with the founders and I think it is possible
       | to renogatiate this
       | 
       | You don't need to renegotiate anything. Simply hold them to the
       | terms that were originally promised.
        
       | lr4444lr wrote:
       | Wait, you're 2 years in, and you signed a contract to a different
       | vesting schedule? This is setting off alarms in my head. Your
       | equity rights are part of your comp., and what is earned in a
       | prior agreement that was signed when you started cannot just be
       | made contingent again by adding new requirements. At least not in
       | the USA. I'd get a legal consult ASAP.
        
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       (page generated 2022-04-15 23:02 UTC)