[HN Gopher] Moskva cruiser sank while being towed in a storm - R...
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       Moskva cruiser sank while being towed in a storm - Russian Defense
       Ministry
        
       Author : globalise83
       Score  : 219 points
       Date   : 2022-04-14 20:26 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (tass.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (tass.com)
        
       | trasz wrote:
       | Not directly related, but I find Safari's automatic translation
       | invaluable for following this war - because I can read the "other
       | side's" media instead of looking for "our media" to pick up a
       | story.
       | 
       | The one built into Telegram is useful too, but terribly
       | unreliable. And boy, what's happening there... Russians are
       | getting increasingly aware of the situation, and they are calling
       | for blood. And I don't mean (just) Ukrainian blood.
        
       | trhway wrote:
       | Glory to Ukraine!
       | 
       | It was exactly the ship in that famous phrase of being sent very
       | offensively and very far by the defenders of Zmeiny island
       | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_warship,_go_fuck_yours...)
       | which has become a Ukrainian battle cry since then, and looks
       | like the ship has ultimately reached the prescribed destination.
       | 
       | Interesting that the ship was hit by the Ukraine developed
       | missiles which Ukraine put in service just about a year ago.
       | Looking at this war (and compare it to the fighting in 2014-2015)
       | it is very noticeable how much a progress Ukraine has made in the
       | last 8 years and in particular absorbing all the new developments
       | in the technology while Russia in many areas hasn't progressed
       | since 1945. I see that is a perfect illustration of constant
       | learning and adaptation vs. stagnation.
       | 
       | Anyway, for anybody who likes Odessa and hates its shelling by
       | those Russian Navy ships - the video of the burning "Moskva" with
       | the wonderfully matching occasion soundtrack "Moscow" by
       | GenghisKhan https://twitter.com/i/status/1514481957962657794
        
         | dragontamer wrote:
         | > Looking at this war (and compare it to the fighting in
         | 2014-2015) it is very noticeable how much a progress Ukraine
         | has made in the last 8 years and in particular absorbing all
         | the new developments in the technology while Russia in many
         | areas hasn't progressed since 1945.
         | 
         | Even worse than that for Russia. The "Moskova" was created in
         | Mykolaiv, Ukraine.
         | 
         | The warship itself was a creation of the USSR, but has more to
         | do with Ukraine's manufacturing prowess than present-day
         | Russia.
         | 
         | Russia wants to pretend that the USSR's history is Russia and
         | Russia's alone. That's why Russia wants to erase Ukrainian
         | history. But this war is proving that Ukrainian contributions
         | to the old USSR's power was mighty and cannot be ignored.
         | 
         | ------
         | 
         | The mighty warship was created by Ukraine, and brought down by
         | Ukrainian missiles. The story here is really about how Russia
         | has forgotten their Slavic brother's contributions to the USSR.
         | 
         | EDIT: It is quite possible that Ukrainians knew some kind of
         | weakness to the ship that they exploited during the attack.
        
           | ctrlaltdelete95 wrote:
           | Please don't call Ukraine Russia's slavic brother. That's how
           | russians justify the war - "we are protecting our brothers
           | from the nazis". Ukraine is a sovereign nation. Let's not
           | perpetuate russian propaganda.
        
             | dragontamer wrote:
             | I recognize its Russia's propaganda, but I enjoy corrupting
             | their propaganda / words into other uses.
             | 
             | There is truth in this matter: USSR was composed of many
             | modern nations. This whole "Moskva ship sinks" thing is
             | almost entirely Ukrainian, historically speaking.
             | Ukrainian-built ship, brought down with Ukrainian missiles,
             | with the Russians renaming the ship to Moskva to try to
             | "steal" its way into history.
             | 
             | I find this entire situation deliciously ironic for the
             | Russians. It really shows how much of a paper-tiger they
             | are, and how much Russia is trying to steal the USSR's name
             | and history for themselves.
        
               | _jal wrote:
               | > It really shows how much of a paper-tiger they are
               | 
               | In a straight fight, it sure looks that way.
               | 
               | But a weak, frightened and embarrassed authoritarian
               | nuclear power is a very dangerous thing.
        
           | rosndo wrote:
           | > EDIT: It is quite possible that Ukrainians knew some kind
           | of weakness to the ship that they exploited during the
           | attack.
           | 
           | Such as that it's loaded with explosives that won't respond
           | well to being hit with anti ship missiles?
        
             | sliken wrote:
             | More along the lines of the radar for most of it's systems
             | point forward, leaving the rear much less protected by
             | anti-missile tech.
        
             | dragontamer wrote:
             | Its a cruiser. Which means the ship was loaded with anti-
             | missile missiles, anti-missile RADAR, and anti-missile
             | CIWS.
             | 
             | The fact remains that the Ukrainians killed an anti-missile
             | cruiser, with... a missile. That's impressive. Something
             | horribly wrong has happened to the Russian anti-missile
             | defense systems.
             | 
             | That suggests that the Ukrainians know about a weakness to
             | the Russian missile defense systems... a blindspot where
             | the RADAR wouldn't pickup enemy missiles perhaps? In any
             | case, maybe its not so surprising, Ukrainians built the
             | ship after all.
        
               | RajT88 wrote:
               | > That suggests that the Ukrainians know about a weakness
               | to the Russian missile defense systems... a blindspot
               | where the RADAR wouldn't pickup enemy missiles perhaps?
               | In any case, maybe its not so surprising, Ukrainians
               | built the ship after all.
               | 
               | One of the weaknesses of missile defense systems, is they
               | can only engage a small number of targets at a time.
               | 
               | If you knew the Moskva could engage (say) 12 incoming
               | missiles at a time, you fire 24 all at the same time.
               | 
               | There was some articles on it a few years back, which of
               | course I can't find now. It was regarding virtual
               | wargames, where one commander handily won by, basically,
               | firing everything all at once at the start of the game.
        
               | saynay wrote:
               | What I was hearing earlier is the old anti-missile RADAR
               | that was in use on that ship was not capable of dealing
               | with targets approaching from multiple sides at once, and
               | so the Ukrainians flew a UAV on one side to effectively
               | "distract" it, while the Neptunes struck it on the other
               | side.
        
               | speeder wrote:
               | I saw elsewhere that an upgrade was proposed but the
               | budget for it was denied...
               | 
               | I guess it is just a matter of reading the proposal,
               | figure out what needed upgrading, and considering that to
               | be the weakness you can exploit.
               | 
               | An analogy would be finding out the castle you want to
               | conquer was supposed to have a rear gate repaired but the
               | repairs were postponed... it would be quite obvious to
               | attack that rear gate.
        
               | rich_sasha wrote:
               | Apparently the ship's armaments were vastly out of date.
               | Its combat systems were from 90s and it had no modern
               | anti-missile defences.
               | 
               | Its offensive weaponry was more impressive, but even then
               | it barely carried the radars to support them.
        
           | trhway wrote:
           | >EDIT: It is quite possible that Ukrainians knew some kind of
           | weakness to the ship that they exploited during the attack.
           | 
           | not really. If they could they would hit the cruiser's anti-
           | ship missiles - that would sent the ship immediately down
           | instead of the whole fire/towing story. You just can't always
           | hit that precisely from like 30 miles distance coming at
           | transonic speed, and who knows what defense measures were
           | activated by the ship.
           | 
           | If anything, the weakness exploited here is the Russian poor
           | state of combat readiness. The ship was mostly hanging around
           | there for more than a month. All that time they were supposed
           | to man the radars and keep CIWS/etc. combat ready - no way
           | for Russian Navy. Maintaining combat readiness is a big issue
           | even for shorter time frames - for example in 2008 while
           | guarding the assault ships convoy on the way to Georgia
           | "Moskva" was hit by the very brave and brazen unexpected
           | night attack by Georgian small ships. Fortunately for
           | "Moskva" back then the Georgians didn't have any weapons
           | except small caliber artillery (it is really hard to imagine
           | the courage of those Georgians to perform such an attack -
           | just 4 small ships against that overwhelmingly large Russian
           | Navy force. One of those Georgian ships was sunk by Russian
           | anti-ship missile).
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | fuoqi wrote:
           | >The warship itself was a creation of the USSR, but has more
           | to do with Ukraine's manufacturing prowess than present-day
           | Russia.
           | 
           | >The mighty warship was created by Ukraine
           | 
           | The independent Ukraine with all its "manufacturing prowess"
           | was unable to finish its sister ship Ukraina for 30 years. It
           | got almost sold to Russia in 2010.
           | 
           | >brought down by Ukrainian missiles
           | 
           | With a tinsy bit of help from the NATO radars and
           | surveillance drones.
        
             | jollybean wrote:
             | If you don't have money or strategic reason to finish a
             | ship, or arm it you don't finish it.
             | 
             | Frankly, that kind of ship has no place in a Ukrainian
             | fleet, so to spend billions on it would make no sense.
             | Ukraine as a province of Russian Empire, for that Empire -
             | yes. But not for Ukraine proper.
             | 
             | That ship is designed to take on American fleet in Black
             | Sea and elsewhere.
             | 
             | Ukraine just needs to a small / fast Black Sea fleet and
             | possibly a few micro subs etc..
        
               | worik wrote:
               | > Ukraine just needs to a small / fast Black Sea fleet
               | and possibly a few micro subs etc..
               | 
               | And a lot of missiles....
        
           | ivan_gammel wrote:
           | > The warship itself was a creation of the USSR, but has more
           | to do with Ukraine's manufacturing prowess than present-day
           | Russia.
           | 
           | It is indeed the product of USSR, which had integrated supply
           | chain and R&D. Very likely some components of it were
           | manufactured in Russia. Ukraine alone would not be able to
           | build and maintain such ship due to budget and resource
           | constraints, but Russia has rebuilt its capabilities in XXI
           | century -- their military industrial complex can maintain,
           | upgrade and build such ships. I doubt though they will
           | commission a replacement any time soon, since they are
           | actively building lots of smaller vessels.
        
         | antattack wrote:
         | Makes me wonder however, where Ukraine's (edit)Neptune missiles
         | where all this time and why Ukraine is getting Harpoon missiles
         | from UK if they have their own.
        
           | lolinder wrote:
           | > and why Ukraine is getting Harpoon missiles from UK if they
           | have their own.
           | 
           | Because missiles are not a renewable resource, and the more
           | they have the more they can fire?
        
             | Arrath wrote:
             | Harpoons also carry a warhead about 50% larger than the
             | Neptune, increasing the range of targets they can
             | effectively hit. The Neptune is only designed for targets
             | of 5,000 tons, compared to the Moskva being over 10,000.
             | Whether it was a lucky hit on a/the magazine
             | compartment(s), poor damage control, or combinations there
             | of, good job Ukraine and the Neptune.
        
           | dboreham wrote:
           | Plausible deniability.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | trhway wrote:
           | they have only one battery which seems to have just become
           | really operational.
        
           | anotherboffin wrote:
           | The Economist [0] (paywalled) says the factories making the
           | Nautilus missiles have been heavily bombarded and that the
           | Ukrainian military doesn't seem to have many of these
           | missiles. I guess they were just very carefully choosing
           | their target and the time to strike?
           | 
           | [0] https://www.economist.com/europe/2022/04/14/ukraine-
           | claims-t...
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | simonh wrote:
           | It's called Neptune. It only entered service last year, so
           | they probably don't have many, and it's possible early
           | Russian strikes may have suppressed the batteries that were
           | operational at the start of the war.
        
           | eneas wrote:
           | Neptune. Waiting for a surprise attack on a big target? They
           | entered in service a year ago.
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | We don't know today how much help they had. e.g. perhaps a live
         | KH-12 feed is handy for guiding a simple missile to a moving
         | ship.
        
           | jollybean wrote:
           | This is it really. We have no idea how much American /
           | outside involvement going on.
           | 
           | It may not even have been a Ukrainian-made missile. Maybe it
           | was a Harpoon, but they're just saying Ukrainian because NATO
           | doesn't want the public credit.
           | 
           | Russia had 100's of advisors in North Vietnam during the Cold
           | War I don't see why the US shouldn't have support units all
           | around E. Ukraine.
        
             | throwmeariver1 wrote:
             | We pretty much know that NATO is helping them immensely
             | with battlefield overwatch there are awacs and other air
             | assets 24/7 in the air around the borders of Ukraine.
             | Harpoon is not yet delivered and the operators are still in
             | training as are the ones for the switchblade system so it
             | was most definitely a Neptun.
        
               | jollybean wrote:
               | "Harpoon is not yet delivered" we don't know that.
        
         | matkoniecz wrote:
         | > the video of the burning "Moskva"
         | 
         | Is there confirmation that it is specifically this ship? This
         | video appeared in some places which backtracked this claim.
        
       | Barrera wrote:
       | By any measure, the war is going very badly for Russia. None of
       | its claimed aims have been met, and the sinking adds to a long
       | line of apparent military defeats.
       | 
       | This raises the question of what comes next if this kind of thing
       | keeps happening. What does Russia do? Russia appears to have
       | staked the farm on this operation. Can it afford anything less
       | than total victory?
       | 
       | The Russian military has made a sizable investment in tactical
       | nuclear weapons with allegedly 2,000 of them on hand [1]. These
       | small weapons can be detonated in ways that produce minimal
       | fallout but lots of destruction [2]:
       | 
       | > A tactical nuclear weapon (TNW) or non-strategic nuclear weapon
       | is a nuclear weapon which is designed to be used on a battlefield
       | in military situations, mostly with friendly forces in proximity
       | and perhaps even on contested friendly territory. Generally
       | smaller in explosive power, they are defined in contrast to
       | strategic nuclear weapons, which are designed mostly to be
       | targeted at the enemy interior away from the war front against
       | military bases, cities, towns, arms industries, and other
       | hardened or larger-area targets to damage the enemy's ability to
       | wage war.
       | 
       | With every conventional defeat faced by the Russian military and
       | with the massive loss of credibility this causes, at what point
       | does Russia decide that it's time to take the gloves off?
       | 
       | [1] https://www.bbc.com/news/world-60664169
       | 
       | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tactical_nuclear_weapon
        
         | TMWNN wrote:
         | >With every conventional defeat faced by the Russian military
         | and with the massive loss of credibility this causes, at what
         | point does Russia decide that it's time to take the gloves off?
         | 
         | I've been thinking about this possibility for a while:
         | 
         | * Putin fires tactical atomic weapon at some empty plot of
         | Ukrainian land, and announces it as a "demonstration" of
         | Russian might.
         | 
         | * The weapon is a dud.
         | 
         | I'm not sure whether this outcome might not be _worse_ in the
         | long run, in terms of geopolitical stability, than if the
         | weapon performs as expected!
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | Unless they are also planning to nuke the rest of the planet,
         | there is no "victory" in that scenario.
        
           | oceanplexian wrote:
           | I don't know, I'm quite worried. I don't think this is as cut
           | and try as people make it out to be.
           | 
           | If Russia did launch a limited tactical strike on Ukraine,
           | let's say super low-yield, honestly not much more than the
           | MOABs we fired off in Iraq, is the USA really going to risk
           | Berlin, or US cities getting vaporized to defend a non-NATO
           | country?
        
             | TaylorAlexander wrote:
             | Russia is so weakened I doubt NATO would want them to
             | regain strength if they start dropping nukes.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > If Russia did launch a limited tactical strike on
             | Ukraine, let's say super low-yield, honestly not much more
             | than the MOABs we fired off in Iraq, is the USA really
             | going to risk Berlin, or US cities getting vaporized to
             | defend a non-NATO country?
             | 
             | The Baltics and Poland have already been pushing for NATO
             | intervention because they want Russia checked because they
             | don't want to be next; Article 5 is nice, but they'd rather
             | stop Russia before it's on their land.
             | 
             | Nuking Ukraine, even a tiny little nuke, ratchets that up
             | enormously and forces the US and Western European NATO
             | powers to decide how to secure the eastern flank of the
             | alliance.
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | I presume it would at least make a full embargo more
             | likely?
        
             | aorloff wrote:
             | Ukraine has also not yet attempted to hit Moscow (the city,
             | not the ship) with missiles.
             | 
             | Once a nuclear bomb is used, a lot of gloves will come off,
             | not just the Russian ones, and so far Ukraine appears to
             | have a lot of extremely competent military partners and
             | Russia has a reluctant Belarus.
        
               | isbvhodnvemrwvn wrote:
               | What missiles capable of striking Moscow does Ukraine
               | have? It's 500km from the closest point within Ukraine's
               | borders. That's at the limit of long-range variants of
               | Iskander, and Ukraine only has older stuff like Tochka.
        
           | emilsedgh wrote:
           | Do you mean the response to a Russian nuclear aggression
           | would be nuclear?
        
             | paxys wrote:
             | It doesn't have to be nuclear. _Any_ direct response from
             | NATO would be a losing scenario for them.
        
           | fmajid wrote:
           | Nuking Kyiv would probably kill more Russians and Belarusians
           | than Ukrainians from the fallout.
        
           | Barrera wrote:
           | The elimination of large chunks of the Ukrainian army in a
           | single detonation could lead to the stated goal of the
           | invasion, which was regime change in Kyiv.
           | 
           | It would be a calculated risk that the response from the West
           | would be much like it has been so far. We're not talking "The
           | Day After," but more like a really big bomb and 2,000 more
           | where that came from. The response to the invasion has been
           | fragmented at best, and it's not unreasonable to think that
           | would continue, especially given a county that has
           | demonstrated a willingness to use nuclear weapons in battle.
           | 
           | I'm not saying this is likely, but more speculating as to
           | what series of events would cause the scenario to play out.
        
             | hindsightbias wrote:
             | There's no massive army operating in one place. It's a
             | bunch of units running around in the woods, hills, towns
             | and cities. Their largest forces are probably near the
             | largest Russian forces, so sure, if they're willing to cull
             | their own.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > The elimination of large chunks of the Ukrainian army in
             | a single detonation could lead to the stated goal of the
             | invasion, which was regime change in Kyiv.
             | 
             | A tactical nuke won't do that, though.
        
             | Chyzwar wrote:
             | Imagine that this tactical nuclear weapon from 70's fail
             | and expolde over russia territory Or is dropped and do not
             | not work.
             | 
             | Russia would need to make tests and reach readiness to use
             | them, ideally with air superiority.
        
           | greenonions wrote:
           | I don't think it's entirely clear that the US/Europe has the
           | appetite to go to war over the use of a tactical nuke.
        
             | histriosum wrote:
             | My uneducated guess is that the primary goal of the latest
             | rhetoric about the possible use of chemical weapons is
             | intended to make this more clear. If "we" (not the US yet,
             | but other countries that are nearer) are signalling a
             | readyness to respond kinetically if chemicals are used,
             | surely the message is that nuclear would trigger an even
             | greater response.
        
             | hollerith wrote:
             | Has the US or NATO even threatened to go to war if Russia
             | starts using tacnukes in Ukraine? I haven't seen any
             | reports to suggest so, and I've been following the news on
             | this war closely.
             | 
             | (The US has threatened more sanctions if Russia uses WMDs.
             | That threat was in response to signs Russia was getting
             | ready to use chemical weapons.)
        
               | mattm wrote:
               | Nuclear or chemical fallout that drifts into NATO
               | countries could potentially warrant a response.
               | 
               | Here's one such article from a few weeks ago.
               | https://www.military.com/daily-news/2022/03/23/if-russia-
               | use...
               | 
               | Of course, we won't know for sure unless it happens (and
               | let's hope it doesn't).
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | pm90 wrote:
         | The world stage doesn't really matter to Russia. It's pretty
         | clear that their propaganda and words are being aimed at
         | Domestic audiences and allies. And unfortunately it's working.
         | 
         | If they wanted to use tactical nukes they would have likely
         | used it to take Kyiv. That they did not suggests they aren't
         | going to use them. Their goal now seems to be
         | annexing/liberating parts of eastern Ukraine and bullying
         | zelenski into neutrality.
        
           | bigodbiel wrote:
           | I disagree. The "western world", that is Anglo-American
           | centric world order, doesn't matter, but the Kremlin (not its
           | ultra-nationalists calling for total war) knows it needs its
           | ex-Soviet satelites plus China, India, etc.
           | 
           | This is about a new world order.
        
         | edrxty wrote:
         | This is a slightly unique situation as prevailing winds are
         | from the west so fallout would just end up in Russia most of
         | the time.
        
         | tyrfing wrote:
         | > What does Russia do? Russia appears to have staked the farm
         | on this operation. Can it afford anything less than total
         | victory?
         | 
         | I haven't been tracking developments very closely, but a
         | minimal set of objectives would be claiming land up to the
         | Donetsk/Luhansk oblast boundaries under DPR/LPR flags, which
         | can be framed as a victory. Nukes are unlikely compared to
         | simply changing what "victory" means.
        
       | j15e wrote:
       | Why is there no image of the sinking ship? Because at sea in war
       | zone? Wouldn't Ukrainian army want to show image from their drone
       | after hit? New satellite image coming soon?
        
         | pvarangot wrote:
         | Apparently it sank during a storm so probably getting visual
         | confirmation to share was though. The drone was used to
         | distract the radar, probably got shot down.
        
         | dotopotoro wrote:
         | Drone possibly was scrificial. Satellite is not on demand and
         | not in ukraine possession and would not show much after moscow
         | sank.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | (Publicly accessible) satellite images weren't immediately
         | available because of cloudy conditions, from what I read on
         | news reports about the incident.
        
           | enriquto wrote:
           | There are surely satellite SAR images available, though.
        
       | antattack wrote:
       | On that same page there's another article titled:
       | 
       | Voennaia operatsiia na Ukraine. Onlain
       | 
       | Which google translates to: "Military operation in Ukraine.
       | Online"
       | 
       | However Voennaia also means war, so I wonder how different would
       | the tile be to say War operation in Ukraine? Would it be voina na
       | Ukraine?
        
         | ivan_gammel wrote:
         | Native Russian speaker here: translation ,,military" is
         | correct, because this is how it is positioned in official
         | Russian sources - an operation conducted by military forces
         | (the term operation comes from FSB, meaning that according to
         | Russian propaganda it is more like police or counter-terrorism
         | operation).
        
         | rich_sasha wrote:
         | Slavic speaker here, "Voennaia" looks like the adjective
         | derived from the "war" noun. So not "war", but kind of like,
         | "war-ful operation", or "combat operation".
        
           | ivan_gammel wrote:
           | It is indeed derived from ,,war", but here it has different
           | meaning, so ,,military" is correct translation. You would use
           | ,,war operation" as translation if this operation was an
           | episode of war, but according to Russian propaganda it is
           | not. Combat operation would be translated as <<boevaia
           | operatsiia>>.
        
       | AdamH12113 wrote:
       | English version: https://tass.com/russia/1438045
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Changed from https://tass.ru/armiya-i-opk/14383383. Thanks!
        
       | anikan_vader wrote:
       | To put things in perspective, this was the only capital ship
       | being operated in the Black Sea (by any navy). Russia is the only
       | Black sea power that fields cruisers (or even destroyers), and
       | the only warships they now have officially on duty in the Black
       | Sea are frigates or smaller. In terms of capital ships, this
       | leaves them with one battlecruiser and two cruisers in
       | operational condition, none of which have access to the Black
       | Sea. (Their sole aircraft carrier is under repairs).
       | 
       | The only other loss of a warship of comparable size in combat
       | since WW2 was the ARA General Belgrano, a slightly smaller
       | cruiser sunk by a British sub in 1982. Losing a surface ship to
       | enemy action is just not common these days. For a little more
       | context, the only currently commissioned US naval vessel to have
       | sunk an enemy ship is the USS Constitution, which sank the HMS
       | Java (and more famously the HMS Guerriere) in 1812.
        
         | fmajid wrote:
         | Turkey's closed the Bosporus to military ships under the terms
         | of the 1936 Montreux Convention. It's not as if any Russian
         | ships could even get into the Mediterranean anyway.
        
       | breck wrote:
       | Interesting read from just 7 days ago: "Russia's Most Powerful
       | Warship In The Black Sea Is Operating In A Pattern"
       | 
       | https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2022/04/russias-most-po...
        
       | dotopotoro wrote:
       | Just some notes. It was a flagship of black sea fleet. It had
       | crew of approx 500. After the event, russian ships started
       | keeping greater distance from Ukraine.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | > After the event, russian ships started keeping greater
         | distance from Ukraine.
         | 
         | Because it was the primary air defense for that entire area. If
         | it can be hit by anti-ship missiles, the rest of the fleet
         | _definitely_ can.
        
       | Tarragon wrote:
       | "due to damage to the hull received during the fire from the
       | detonation of ammunition"
       | 
       | The Ministry of Defense didn't clarify whose ammunition it was
       | that exploded.
       | 
       | More seriously that was the flagship of the Russian fleet in the
       | Black Sea. That's gotta put the fear of god into the other ship
       | captains.
        
         | monocasa wrote:
         | The cruise missile tubes are right there on the deck; I don't
         | doubt they exploded after getting hit with a Neptune or two.
         | Neptunes are only rated to take out 5k tonnage ships, and
         | Moskva is 12k tons. I bet you Moskva's own ordnance exploding
         | after being hit by Ukraine's missiles is what actually killed
         | it. Still a point for Ukraine for sure.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | rich_sasha wrote:
         | Seeing as it sank many hours after it first caught fire, I'd
         | imagine it was its own ammunition that caused the big fire
         | (alongside fuel, lubricants etc).
         | 
         | What set its own ammunition on fire is the follow-up question.
         | Seems like the Ukrainian missile, though after what we've seen,
         | nothing would surprise me.
        
           | lolinder wrote:
           | Any answer besides "Ukrainian missile" is going to be even
           | more embarrassing for Russia. At least a missile strike is
           | enemy action. Any alternative explanation for the sinking of
           | your _flagship_ is just incompetence.
        
             | paulmd wrote:
             | Fires on ships are very harsh and dangerous environments.
             | The US recently lost an entire carrier _while in drydock
             | with the maximum resources available_ , not even out at
             | sea. Once it gets going, it's extraordinarily difficult to
             | get under control.
        
               | dharmaturtle wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Bonhomme_Richard_(LHD-6
               | )
               | 
               | A "Wasp-class amphibious assault ship", not a CVN. But
               | yes, capable of launching harriers/F-35s.
        
               | driscoll42 wrote:
               | To be fair, the ship was considered to be not worth
               | repairing, but did not sink. It could have been repaired.
               | But your point is accurate that it in drydock and it is
               | embarrassing that the fire couldn't be put out sooner.
        
               | idoh wrote:
               | Any insight as to why fires on ships are hard to control?
               | I hear it and believe. On the other hand I've been inside
               | of military ships before and they are partitioned, with
               | lots of metal doors to section off and contain damage, so
               | I don't understand the difficulty.
        
               | Arrath wrote:
               | Flammable materials like paint, lubricants, furniture,
               | sailors are quite common inside those metal rooms. I have
               | read of cases where the fires were so hot as to cause
               | combustion _through_ the bulkheads by radiant heat,
               | regardless of the compartments being shut to section off
               | the fires. The weight of water from firefighting efforts
               | can cause stability issues, especially if it starts to
               | slosh and compound any damage-related listing.
        
               | mrdatawolf wrote:
               | Do you have a source for this? My poor google skills
               | can't find anything after the '67 fire for an American
               | carrier.
        
               | jonahhorowitz wrote:
               | That fire was set by sabotage and the saboteur disabled
               | many of the fire control systems before setting the
               | fire[0]. Embarrassing for sure, but not quite maximum
               | resources.
               | 
               | [0]:https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/military/st
               | ory/202...
        
           | Someone wrote:
           | > Seeing as it sank many hours after it first caught fire
           | 
           | I may have missed some info, but I think the jury is still
           | out on that. The Ukrainians announced the sinking a day
           | before the Russians did. At least one of them must have been
           | incorrect, I would guess for propaganda reasons.
           | 
           | My money would be on the Russians lying. An Ukrainian lie
           | would be very embarrassing if Russia subsequently invited
           | some journalists over to look at the ship.
        
           | Tarragon wrote:
           | Sure, I'll believe that an ammunition fire on the Moskva is
           | what sank it. Hower that fire was caused by... Top contenders
           | are missile and inept crew.
           | 
           | Looks like Russia would rather we accept that the crew was
           | inept than it was sun by a Ukrainian made missile
        
             | dekhn wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximate_and_ultimate_causat
             | i... note the very first example is a sinking ship
        
             | netsharc wrote:
             | Someone should remake "The front fell off" video[1] but
             | fitting the context: A Russian reporter interviewing the
             | Russian defense minister.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3m5qxZm_JqM
        
             | pmoriarty wrote:
             | _" Top contenders are missile and inept crew."_
             | 
             | It could also be sabotage by a Russian or foreign
             | infiltrator.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | You forgot the aliens.
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | > The missile cruiser "Moskva" sank while being towed to its
       | destination in a storm due to damage to the hull received due to
       | a fire from the detonation of ammunition. [Translated]
       | 
       | So many different ways to avoid saying that a Ukrainian missile
       | sank it.
        
         | Tabular-Iceberg wrote:
         | A missile cruiser is going to have a lot of hypergolics on
         | board. If you don't know what you're doing that's an easy way
         | to blow yourself up, like what happened with the submarine
         | Kursk.
         | 
         | So it's plausible that it wasn't the Ukrainians, but then again
         | it would surely be more honourable to get blown up by a
         | Ukrainian missile than by your own incompetence. So if Ukraine
         | is falsely claiming credit they should be taking it as a
         | propaganda godsend.
        
           | dsabanin wrote:
           | There were a lot of reports many hours before the russians
           | acknowledged anything that the Ukrainians did it. From many
           | different sources. Then there was the SOS captured by
           | hundreds of regular users on the websdr source. Also, there
           | was a captured conversion by the russian military discussing
           | how it was done - Bayraktar took out the ship's radar and
           | took attention away from the missiles that were launched from
           | the shore.
           | 
           | Everything fits, there's no reason to believe russian
           | propaganda now. They are just trying to save their non-
           | existent face.
        
           | bpodgursky wrote:
           | Ukraine announced the strike before Russia announced anything
           | was wrong though.
        
             | Tabular-Iceberg wrote:
             | That's probably right. It just sounds so outlandish to make
             | up a lie to make yourself look bad.
             | 
             | Maybe there's something about Russian military culture that
             | the rest of us don't understand, where being killed by the
             | enemy is a much bigger loss of face than killing yourself.
        
               | yks wrote:
               | Their current war is based on the propaganda of Russian
               | superiority over Ukrainians, military superiority
               | specifically since Russians built their whole modern
               | ideology on winning WWII. Admitting that Ukrainians are
               | capable of anything is therefore undercutting this
               | foundational national idea.
        
           | hollerith wrote:
           | US missile cruisers (and destroyers) don't have hypergolic
           | fuels onboard because all the missiles have solid fuels, but
           | maybe Russia is different.
        
             | Tabular-Iceberg wrote:
             | Good point. From what I can find their missiles are indeed
             | solid as well. But they do have hydrogen peroxide
             | torpedoes, which could have been the culprit, as with
             | Kursk.
        
           | nautilius wrote:
           | Why would it have lots of hypergolics on board?
        
             | matkoniecz wrote:
             | For own anti-ship missiles carried on deck?
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | sitkack wrote:
       | All sides of war are such an incredible waste.
        
         | bcrosby95 wrote:
         | It's an unfortunate, but sometimes necessary, waste. The world
         | isn't a nice place, a fact that most of us in the West can
         | happily ignore most of the time.
        
         | bpodgursky wrote:
         | This is kind of perfect though, even from a pacifist POV.
         | 
         | The crew probably got off alive (mostly). A vessel built only
         | for killing, was sunk.
         | 
         | I agree it's not good to revel in bodycounts, but equipment-
         | count... really nothing wrong with being happy about this one.
        
           | sitkack wrote:
           | The waste was in its construction. I am not lamenting
           | removing it from the service of killing.
        
           | dotopotoro wrote:
           | I've read that Turkish vessel took only 75 evacuated persons,
           | while sunk ship had crew of approx 500.
        
             | bpodgursky wrote:
             | We'll see (hopefully). They had a lot of time evacuate, and
             | a lot of friendly ships in he area.
        
         | sitkack wrote:
         | This comment is at negative 4, apparently a number of people
         | don't agree that war is a waste.
         | 
         | The labor that went to make the ship was wasted, the pollution
         | caused by manufacturing was a needless waste, the materials
         | could have been used for another less wasteful purpose. And
         | unless the ship is raised and recycled, it will just rust in
         | oblivion on the bottom of the black sea.
         | 
         | How about we just don't.
        
           | dotopotoro wrote:
           | You've miss-interpreted the reason for minuses.
           | 
           | The disagreement is with implying that both sides of war are
           | equal.
           | 
           | While there are no saints, only one of them chose to start
           | the waste (see also: Chechnya, Georgia)
        
             | sitkack wrote:
             | I should have said dimensions instead of sides. I was not
             | implying equality. But he loss of lives even to the
             | production of war machines and their ultimate destruction
             | is waste of the earth, of humanity and our collective time.
             | 
             | Even the effort spent on this conversation is a waste
             | perpetrated by Putin, in no way should this statement be
             | taken as an insult against you. That is not my intent. The
             | waste of war is a cascading fractal.
             | 
             | Inexpensive autonomous weapons of war are here. The cost to
             | kill for less than a $1 a soul is within everyone's reach.
             | 
             | The war in the Ukraine will have larger implications than
             | WWI or the nuclear destruction of Hiroshima and Nagasaki.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | matkoniecz wrote:
           | Probably because it reads as blaming both sides, while one is
           | fully responsible that the entire waste happened.
           | 
           | And Ukraine needed to be armed - otherwise scenes like in
           | Bucha and Mariupol would be happening across entire Ukraine,
           | followed by brutal occupation.
           | 
           | > How about we just don't.
           | 
           | That requires cooperation from all sides.
        
           | greenpeas wrote:
           | Furthermore, for each piece of equipment lost, resources will
           | be allocated to replace it, and then some. And many other
           | countries have decided to increase their military budgets as
           | a result of this conflict.
           | 
           | > How about we just don't.
           | 
           | But how exactly do you propose we do that?
        
             | worik wrote:
             | We could start by being nice to, and tolerant of, each
             | other.
             | 
             | I am willing
        
               | greenpeas wrote:
               | I guess if you all promise to be nice, I can stop locking
               | the doors to my house when I leave for work in the
               | morning.
               | 
               | We'd also simplify all our web services to not require
               | passwords, we'll just trust all the nice people to be who
               | they say they are.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | dotopotoro wrote:
         | Kind of true, but only one of the sides is instigator, and
         | tries to repeat kaliningrad's cleansing.
        
         | lazide wrote:
         | Think of it as a unfortunate and probably necessary side-effect
         | of life.
         | 
         | Lack of war requires consistency and coherency between all
         | parties to the degree they see themselves as 'one'
         | (politically, economically, etc.) and have the same goals and
         | needs, and are in agreement on how to fulfill them - or an
         | overarching authority to enforce behavior.
         | 
         | For example, Civil war generally happens when an existing
         | entity starts splitting into different political factions
         | because the existing group can no longer agree on goals, needs,
         | and how to fulfill them. Think of this like an animal getting
         | cancer, where the animal is a country. When the countries
         | central authority (think immune system) no longer is strong
         | enough to suppress/control dissent.
         | 
         | War between countries happens when one country sees more
         | benefit capturing/conquering/etc. another country than not.
         | Like an animal killing or eating another animal for food, or
         | territory, or just because.
         | 
         | In any real environment that is constantly changing, it is very
         | difficult to have any sizable group that is consistent, happy,
         | and has the same identity enough that they'll all individually
         | sacrifice when necessary to make the larger group still work.
         | Trying to do it globally with the current human condition would
         | not be pretty.
         | 
         | This is especially true when you consider that all individual
         | members within a group are susceptible to individual
         | pathologies themselves.
         | 
         | Depending on how you define these groups, either we're talking
         | individual countries, collections of countries/allied
         | coalitions, or individual sub-states.
         | 
         | Almost always, some combination of 1) the group expends massive
         | energy removing/silencing dissent, or 2) the group expends
         | massive energy changing, with who benefits constantly changing
         | too. Occasionally, 3) political-social identity aligns well and
         | everyone sees it as a property of their reality, so #1 or #2
         | aren't necessary (very much). All existing large countries
         | spend a lot of time and treasure on #1 though.
         | 
         | Think of it like the bodies immune system, with #3 being 'a
         | very clean environment'.
         | 
         | So either you end up with a large political entity which wields
         | significant power within it's borders (or is blessed with a
         | very consistent and happy socio-economic identity for a time)
         | to crush dissent, or has a lot of socio-economic 'churn', which
         | rises or falls together (ahem, USSR, CCP, USA, EU, etc.), or
         | many small ones.
         | 
         | Either way, these entities MUST push/pull/defend their
         | interests - which fundamentally always don't align perfectly
         | with others due to their varying socio-economic states and
         | resources - including wars from time to time. The alternative
         | is starvation from a competitor. The only alternative would be
         | to have a larger authoritarian capability which enforces the
         | lack of war and stasis on these various fronts. Drawing an
         | analogy of a world like that to a zoo isn't hard.
         | 
         | That larger authoritarian capability would fundamentally need
         | to be more powerful than any single actor or coalition of
         | actors, or eventually it would be removed or overthrown via
         | war.
         | 
         | 'World Peace' is not just a pipe dream, it's a fantasy that it
         | is ever anything we'd want - it would require global stasis,
         | enforced by some kind of extreme global authoritarianism that
         | would keep the 'have nots' in the have-not pile, and the have's
         | in the have pile forever. Or everyone to always be happy with
         | each other, even if that means some of them starve to death due
         | to lack of resources (extreme brainwashing?).
         | 
         | World War sucks too of course, since too rapid change, churn,
         | and turmoil sucks for everyone with massive blood spilled and
         | treasure lost probably far in excess of what normally would
         | occur in a bit more peaceful set of changes. It would be the
         | natural equivalent of a massive famine or the like.
        
           | worik wrote:
           | > 'World Peace' is not just a pipe dream, it's a fantasy that
           | it is ever anything we'd want - it would require global
           | stasis, enforced by some kind of extreme global
           | authoritarianism that would keep the 'have nots' in the have-
           | not pile, and the have's in the have pile forever. Or
           | everyone to always be happy with each other, even if that
           | means some of them starve to death due to lack of resources
           | (extreme brainwashing?).
           | 
           | I really do not follow your argument.
           | 
           | Turning it around world peace requires authoritarian
           | enforcement of global inequality.
           | 
           | The argument as presented is a very depressing outlook on
           | humanity. My personal experience is the exact opposite. Wars
           | (and other social chaos) are organised by a small minority.
           | The vast overwhelming majority of us want peace
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | and how do you propose to identify and eliminate that small
             | minority exactly?
             | 
             | Near as I can tell, every system creates a small minority
             | that drives it, and near as I can tell it's a fundamental
             | requirement of all human organizational systems for them to
             | be effective.
             | 
             | The scale we are at, everything happens through systems of
             | some kind.
             | 
             | The small number of folks involved are either de jure (by
             | rule) or de facto (in fact) the ones who make the actual
             | decisions required for the organization to respond, move
             | forward, act.
             | 
             | If this is true, then 'the small number of people
             | organizing the social chaos' are fundamental to the entire
             | system. Removing them may change things for a time, but not
             | for very long, and may (often if you look at the historic
             | of revolutions) replace them with even worse.
             | 
             | I don't think it's depressing, any more than recognizing
             | that zebras get eaten by leopards.
             | 
             | Not recognizing or avoiding it just leads to further chaos
             | and damage. It would not help anyone (including zebras or
             | leopards) to put guards out on the Serengeti to 'enforce
             | the peace' for instance. At least not for very long.
        
         | drakonka wrote:
         | Except for the side defending its country from an invasion.
        
       | WJW wrote:
       | More like being "sank while being towed" I think? (edit: original
       | title was "Cruiser 'Moskva' sank while towing") Anyway, as a
       | former navy officer it looks very bad that the flagship of a
       | fleet was apparently sunk by a anti ship missile (ASM) strike.
       | Certainly in NATO navies you always keep a layered defense for
       | your high value targets and while the Neptune ASM is very modern,
       | the flagship should definitely not have been the first to be
       | sunk.
       | 
       | This will be (should be) a wake up call for the rest of the fleet
       | and keep them much further from the shore, which in turn has
       | impact on the amount of air control the Russians can exert on the
       | southern parts of Ukraine as apparently they have been leaning on
       | navy vessels to provide SAM cover.
        
         | Someone wrote:
         | > Certainly in NATO navies you always keep a layered defense
         | for your high value targets
         | 
         | It looks similar to what they did with their tanks: fight with
         | insufficient infantry support
         | (https://www.forbes.com/sites/davidaxe/2022/03/15/in-
         | ukraine-...)
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | It's always seemed very doubtful to me that a layered defense
         | of the type mounted by U.S.N. carrier groups would be effective
         | in a real war against a sophisticated opponent. It's obvious to
         | me that every capital ship would be at the bottom of the ocean
         | in the first hour of a war with China. The useless Russian ship
         | we are discussing was, after all, equipped with a modern anti-
         | missile system and yet it sank. Perhaps their CIWS readiness
         | was not optimal, but that has also happened to the U.S. in the
         | case of the Stark.
         | 
         | Ships are expensive and missiles are almost free by comparison,
         | so this seems like a fundamental problem for naval warfare.
         | 
         | What I'm really wondering is why the Russians even staged this
         | ship into the Black Sea. What possible capabilities could it
         | have been providing that the Russians could not also get from
         | land units?
        
           | chubot wrote:
           | To me it feels like an asymmetry between progress in
           | sensors/software vs. progress in hardware/personnel since the
           | last major wars ?
           | 
           | That is, are the warships of today much better than the
           | warships of 1950, if better at all? What about the skill and
           | preparation of the crews?
           | 
           | On the other hand when I watched videos of the Javelin
           | missile I see a lot of sensors and software that probably
           | could have only been created recently.
           | 
           | I don't think such a thing could have existed in 1950 or
           | 1970. Probably by 1990 it was possible, but I bet it's a lot
           | better by 2010 too. Electronics got cheaper and smaller and
           | more mobile. Imaging is way better.
           | 
           | So while I don't know any of the specifics, this seems like a
           | general trend. It's going to be harder for the offensive side
           | to take and hold territory, and maybe the aircraft carrier is
           | obsolete in a big conflict.
           | 
           | We saw some asymmetry in the Iraq and Afghanistan wars, but
           | it doesn't seem like the same type, since AFAIK the opponents
           | didn't have many smart weapons.
        
             | Marthinwurer wrote:
             | Modern warships are far, far better than the ones that we
             | used in the 50s. We have more powerful engines, more
             | redundancy, and better damage control systems. The sensors
             | that we have on the ships are much better, and they are
             | used to control more advanced, accurate, and powerful
             | missiles. The crews are better trained, because they're a
             | fully volunteer force, and more lessons have been learned
             | over the years.
             | 
             | The carrier is not obsolete. They are surrounded by a
             | battle group of the best of these modern ships, in open
             | ocean with mobility unrestrained by the rules of engagement
             | of a pre-planned exercise. On their decks, they carry 50+
             | aircraft that can investigate anywhere within 500nmi,
             | ensuring that nothing moves on the surface that they don't
             | know about. When a plane lands, it can be turned around for
             | another sortie in an hour with a fresh pilot and more
             | missiles. Each of these missiles have a range of their own
             | of 100nmi+, and can be carried more than 500nmi by the
             | aircraft carrying them. An aircraft carrier at full power
             | can even outrun some smaller surface ships.
        
               | chubot wrote:
               | Yeah true, I shouldn't have stated in absolute terms ...
               | But I still suspect there is a differential in the
               | progress in tech for offense (holding a territory) vs.
               | defense. And maybe that differential is greater than you
               | consider Russian offense vs. western defense ...
        
           | jjtheblunt wrote:
           | Distance from the shoulder fired missiles?
        
           | jltsiren wrote:
           | On one hand, this sounds much like military folklore. "If you
           | serve in role X, you have Y seconds/minutes to live once the
           | fighting starts", or something like that.
           | 
           | Real wars are confusing and there is a lot of uncertainty
           | about everything. Maybe China could sink every US Navy
           | capital ship if they fire everything they have at once, but
           | they are not sure about that. There have not been any major
           | naval battles since WW2, and nobody really knows what would
           | happen in one. If they fire everything and it doesn't work,
           | their forces will be spent and vulnerable until they can
           | resupply, and they may not want to risk that.
           | 
           | On the other hand, big high-value targets do sound like a bad
           | idea, given how warfare has evolved in the past 30-40 years.
        
           | jvanderbot wrote:
           | Defense-in-depth includes obfuscation of position, signals
           | warfare, first-strike, and strategic deterrents.
           | 
           | If you put a carrier group in a pond and lob missiles at
           | them, I'm not confident in the outcome either.
        
           | mwattsun wrote:
           | The joke on our submarine was that aircraft carriers should
           | more properly be called "targets." Sweden has a super quiet
           | submarine design using Sterling engines:
           | 
           |  _A Stirling engine is particularly well suited for a
           | submarine because the engine is nearly silent and can use the
           | surrounding sea water as a heat sink to increase efficiency_
           | 
           |  _In 2005, HSwMS Gotland managed to snap several pictures of
           | USS Ronald Reagan during a wargaming exercise in the Pacific
           | Ocean, effectively "sinking" the aircraft carrier_
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gotland-class_submarine
           | 
           | My own opinion is that aircraft carriers are very effective
           | in projecting power around the world during peacetime or low
           | intensity conflicts, but military planners recognize (I hope)
           | that they will be quickly sunk in an all out war and have
           | contingency plans.
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | There is this theory that at least US CVNs have enough
             | power and the correct hull shape to hydroplane in an event
             | of an emergency. It would likely do a lot of damage in the
             | process so it's probably never tested, and it's classified
             | so nobody really knows for sure.
             | 
             | But if informed that an attack is imminent there may be at
             | least one ace up their sleeve.
        
               | idoh wrote:
               | That seems pretty wild. Torpedos don't strike the side of
               | a ship, rather they are meant to explode underneath for
               | max damage. So even if a CVN could hydroplane, I don't
               | think it would evade a torpedo.
        
               | moffkalast wrote:
               | Well an ADCAP can do as much as 55 kts, which is probably
               | the fastest conventional torps go, and you'd definitely
               | buy more time to deploy countermeasures and decoys.
               | 
               | A Shkval can go as fast as a missile, but it can't turn
               | very well so you might be able to dodge it this way.
               | 
               | Sure it's not a good outlook in any case, but it's better
               | than sitting there waiting to be hit.
        
               | na85 wrote:
               | >But if informed that an attack is imminent there may be
               | at least one ace up their sleeve.
               | 
               | ... Traveling a few dozen knots faster is an "ace up the
               | sleeve"?
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | It is if you don't expect it.
        
               | dragontamer wrote:
               | Submarines can't approach if the Carrier is faster than
               | the Sub.
               | 
               | Its a stupid strategy, but it seems to check out. The
               | faster a submarine tries to go, the easier it would be to
               | detect.
        
           | WJW wrote:
           | There was a famous exercise in which a Dutch submarine
           | managed to sink over half a carrier group in an exercise
           | (https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/dutch-submarine-sinks-half-
           | of...) and printed a t-shirt to commemorate the occasion. The
           | shirt was _very_ swiftly forbidden by the leadership team,
           | since the Americans were rather unhappy about the whole thing
           | and it was deemed to be not very diplomatic to wear such
           | shirts to the traditional end-of-exercise bbq on the flight
           | deck.
        
             | kimixa wrote:
             | Though reading too much into wargames is also a mistake -
             | they put significant limits on the sonar power as otherwise
             | it would devastate the local ocean ecology, which naturally
             | benefits those who want to remain hidden like submarines in
             | exercises. They're meant to use estimates and an honor
             | system of detection, but I've generally heard it's pretty
             | laughable from people involved.
             | 
             | I don't doubt that such ecological worries will go out the
             | window if there's actual threats involved.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | Ships can now be attacked from shore. That really hadn't been
           | much of a thing since the era of seacoast forts. But that's
           | changing. China has invested heavily in shore-based anti-ship
           | missiles. There are now more things you can launch from a
           | truck that can take out a ship. As seems to be what happened
           | here.
           | 
           | Look at a map of western Russia's sea access. Choke points
           | everywhere, most of them controlled by others.
        
             | dredmorbius wrote:
             | "Territorial waters" were long defined by the range of
             | guns.
             | 
             | 3 mile, 12 mile. 200 is roughly the range that's reasonably
             | patrolable via aircraft.
             | 
             | What you own is defined by what you can defend.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Territorial_waters
             | 
             | And yes, Russia's sea access is surprisingly limited for a
             | country which nominally has the 4th longest coastline of
             | any --- largely along the Arctic ocean.
        
           | int_19h wrote:
           | Ukrainians claim that they took out the ship's anti-missile
           | radar first with an UAV before firing the missile.
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | Glory to them if true, but this particular ship had 6
             | independent fire control radars for their close-in weapons
             | systems, which are automatic. The UAV perhaps destroyed the
             | sensor system of the long-range anti-air missile system?
             | Either way, obviously it worked. I am a huge skeptic of
             | anti-missile weapons since they have performed extremely
             | poorly in limited practice.
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | > More like being "sank while being towed" I think? (edit:
         | original title was "Cruiser 'Moskva' sank while towing")
         | 
         | Fun fact: in early modern English, "towing" was the correct
         | passive participial form, and "being towed" was ungrammatical.
        
           | WJW wrote:
           | Wow, TIL! How would the early English have expressed "towing"
           | in the active sense though?
        
         | jollybean wrote:
         | As a former naval officer can you help us understand the
         | capabilities here, as there are some odd details emergying:
         | 
         | 1) Do ships truly have good defences against Harpoons etc.
         | these days? If 1 or 2 were sent a ship is there a decent chance
         | they'd be neutralized?
         | 
         | 2) There's indications Ukraine was flying a drone to distract
         | them possible have their radars not on the right thing, firing
         | missiles from behind. Does this remotely make sense i.e. radar
         | coverage? Or possibly even just overwhelming/confusing the
         | ships operators a bit?
        
           | wins32767 wrote:
           | Russian/Soviet CIWS are mostly effective at targets over 50m.
           | Harpoons are wave skimming. There was a plan to upgrade the
           | Moskova with more modern CIWS but it didn't get funded.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | Ukraine claims to have used their Neptune's, not the new
             | Harpoons.
        
             | emaginniss wrote:
             | Somebody needed a chalet instead
        
           | WJW wrote:
           | Sure!
           | 
           | 1) Let's look at the ship I am most familiar with, the NL
           | Navy Zeven Provicien class
           | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_Zeven_Provinci%C3%ABn-
           | class...). It generally would have 2 types of anti air
           | defense missiles, the SM-2 and the ESSM (both US-built, see
           | wikipedia for their publicly available specs). Apart from
           | that, there are electronic and flare/chaff passive
           | countermeasures and finally a Goalkeeper CIWS for last-mile
           | defense. I have little doubt that we would have been able to
           | take on an attack of 2 Harpoon missiles. OTOH, the Neptune
           | missiles are a lot more modern than the Harpoon and modern
           | missiles have been known to do tricky things like having a
           | pseudo-random noise generator generate corkscrew like
           | maneuvers to evade the defensive fires. I'll also note that
           | the Moskva was built in the early 80s (though refitted after
           | the fall of the Soviet Union) and it was apparently quite
           | stormy (so additional radar noise from wave reflections may
           | have been a thing). All in all, IMHO it seems quite likely
           | that they were indeed hit. Warships don't just suddenly catch
           | fire, and especially in warzones when the opponent has
           | sophisticated anti ship missiles it seems more likely that
           | the fire was caused by a missile impact.
           | 
           | 2) For older warships it could be possible. Usually they
           | would have a rotating air warning radar and a dedicated
           | targeting radar for missile guidance. An example would be the
           | STIR (https://www.thalesgroup.com/en/stir-tracking-and-
           | illuminatio...) on NATO vessels, basically a powerful
           | narrowbeam radar on a servo pedestal. There would rarely be
           | more than two or three on a vessel, so it _might_ be possible
           | to distract all of them with several drones. Modern naval
           | radars use active phased array technology where the amount of
           | tracked targets is no longer the bottleneck (in practice, you
           | 'd need dozens of missiles), but as mentioned before the
           | Moskva is from the early 80s so they would probably not have
           | this yet. So it _could_ happen, especially in a stormy sea
           | where the waves provide a lot of additional radar noise, but
           | it is really only speculating without a lot more information
           | than we have right now.
        
             | dabeeeenster wrote:
             | Thank you! Comments like these are the reason HN is so
             | great.
        
             | veemjeem wrote:
             | Do you know what happens to explosives on sunk ships
             | generally? Are they usually left at the bottom of the
             | ocean, and could they have the potential to detonate?
        
               | cm2187 wrote:
               | And would a ship of that size carry nukes?
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | The Moskva is nuclear-capable, but I don't think anyone
               | publicly knows whether it was nuclear-armed in this
               | particular conflict. My bet would be no.
        
               | throwanem wrote:
               | That said, if anyone decides to mount a recovery or
               | salvage mission of any kind, it may be worth upgrading
               | that "no" to a soft "maybe".
               | 
               | As far as I know, nobody has tried to retrieve
               | conventional munitions from a shipwreck, and reasonably
               | enough - they're not dangerous enough to be worth the
               | trouble. Nations _will_ go after lost nuclear warheads,
               | though; indeed, Bayesian search theory saw significant
               | development and interest to serve that purpose [1], and
               | the CIA 's been known to go to Bond-movie levels of
               | trouble to the same end [2].
               | 
               | Granted, these were both First Cold War projects, but it
               | seems like there's some degree of possibility that this
               | use of "First Cold War" may eventually prove not to have
               | been a somewhat silly joke, so...
               | 
               | [1] https://www.lesswrong.com/posts/RTt59BtFLqQbsSiqd/a-h
               | istory-...
               | 
               | [2] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Project_Azorian
        
               | oldgradstudent wrote:
               | So by the wonders of Bayes' formula we can conclude that
               | the F-35 that sank in the South China Sea carried nuclear
               | warheads?
               | 
               | https://www.bbc.com/news/world-us-canada-60607784
        
               | Someone wrote:
               | No. The F-35 has modern tech that the enemy likely hasn't
               | (fully) seen.
               | 
               | That makes it worthwhile to try and prevent the enemy
               | from seeing that tech.
        
               | throwanem wrote:
               | No, but by the wonders of a moment's consideration we can
               | surmise that leaving an example of the US's newest
               | stealth technology, in the backyard pool of the power
               | it's primarily designed to be used against, might not
               | strike someone in the US Department of Defense as the
               | world's cleverest idea.
        
               | WJW wrote:
               | Typically they would just be left there and (very) slowly
               | degrade. As an example, the Dutch navy still clears
               | hundreds of mines and unexploded bombs every year, left
               | over from the 2nd world war. The explosives still work
               | and are usually triggered with a small clearing charge so
               | that they won't pose any danger to fishermen and the
               | like.
               | 
               | So yes there is potential to detonate, but in general
               | that does not matter a lot unless you are the unluckiest
               | person in the world and happen to be right above it at
               | the time. The explosive wave front expands in a sphere
               | and so decreases in amplitude with the square of the
               | distance to the origin. It loses lethal potential very
               | quickly.
        
               | dredmorbius wrote:
               | In some cases, everyone just kind of hopes the problem
               | goes away.
               | 
               | SS _Richard Montgomery_ comes to mind. Tsunami threat
               | directly off the southern coast of England.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS_Richard_Montgomery
               | 
               | https://yewtu.be/watch?v=R9u41aeItss
        
             | jacoblambda wrote:
             | > Warships don't just suddenly catch fire
             | 
             | Warships certainly do suddenly catch fire. They just don't
             | usually catch fire in such a way that it's a casualty. DCS
             | is usually competent enough to get things under control in
             | reasonable amounts of time.
             | 
             | Normally the sudden catching fire is due to electrical
             | problems, particularly when repairs are done by non-
             | electrical teams who fail to follow the correct procedures
             | or doubly so if they are battleshorting for one reason or
             | another.
             | 
             | Now what happened here though definitely wasn't "suddenly
             | catching fire" unless the crew were negligent and
             | incompetent... which well actually looking at the
             | performance of the Russian army that could actually be a
             | possibility.
        
             | oldgradstudent wrote:
             | > Warships don't just suddenly catch fire
             | 
             | Warships, just like everything else, do suddenly catch fire
             | from time to time. Carelessness, negligence, sabotage, or
             | bad luck could cause a fire that would sink a ship.
             | Especially during a war, when munitions are being handled
             | under pressure.
             | 
             | Not the most likely cause, but shit does happen.
             | 
             | BTW, By sabotage I don't mean some mustache twirling spy,
             | but something more mundane, a disgruntled sailor, or a
             | homesick one that wants to return to base as soon as
             | possible.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Miami_(SSN-755)#2012_fire
             | 
             | https://www.cbsnews.com/news/sailor-ryan-mays-court-
             | martial-...
        
               | WJW wrote:
               | OK sure, they do. But on every warship I've ever been on
               | (granted, none of them were Russian), every single person
               | was a trained firefighter and very well aware that there
               | was no fire brigade to call. In particular, setting fire
               | to an ammunition store (as opposed to something more
               | innocent but still vital like the galley) seems like an
               | especially stupid thing to do. I'd also like to point out
               | that every single missile system I've ever seen is not
               | reloaded in any meaningful way at sea. Ships just pull
               | into port an a crane lifts the replacement canisters into
               | place.
               | 
               | Given the potential causes basically being [accident,
               | self-inflicted sabotage, hit by missile], "hit by
               | missile" seems by far the most likely given all the other
               | information about this.
        
               | oldgradstudent wrote:
               | On the warships I've been on, there were only a few well
               | trained fire fighters, and the rest were poorly trained
               | on the job. I doubt if I would have been a very useful
               | member of the damage control team had something happened.
               | 
               | Galley fires could happen anytime. During times of war,
               | guns are being loaded, missile systems are turned on and
               | tested to ensure they are ready. Somebody could easily
               | screw up and cause a major fire. If missiles were fired
               | by the Moskva, then a dud could have caused a fire, and
               | so on.
               | 
               | I'm not claiming this is likely in this case, but it does
               | happen.
        
         | cm2187 wrote:
         | Would you be able to share some light on what a cruiser is
         | (that's how this ship is classified on wikipedia) vs another
         | kind of ship. I am comparing to the british navy which doesn't
         | seem to have anything above destroyer (outside of aircraft
         | carriers). In these days and age where all war ships seem to be
         | essentially floating missile launch platforms, what is the
         | difference?
        
           | brimble wrote:
           | Ship class designations are weird. Russia keeps a ship or two
           | designated as "battlecruisers" (in the WWII era, that would
           | have meant a lightly-armored, probably fast, very large ship
           | with battleship-class guns) that would just be called
           | cruisers in most other navies, now. I've seen British ships
           | with tonnage that would put them nearly up to a WWII-era
           | heavy cruiser (step under a battlecruiser, the smallest thing
           | generally regarded as a "capital ship" in that era) called a
           | destroyer (formerly that would have been a _much_ smaller
           | size of ship), these days.
           | 
           | From their design, the ship class in question seem to be some
           | kind of largish general-purpose missile cruisers with
           | substantial armament and decent anti-air/anti-missile
           | defenses, but not intended to survive sustained fighting
           | (their weapon placement suggests that--all those missile
           | tubes on the deck can't possibly be safe, but it might let
           | them cram more weapons on there cheaply)
           | 
           | [VERY LATE EDIT] The TL;DR here is that "cruiser" and
           | "destroyer" and all that are nearly meaningless without
           | context of who's doing the labeling, and when.
           | 
           | [ANOTHER LATE EDIT] I overstated the degree to which the
           | Kirov class' designation is misleading: its displacement _is_
           | roughly in the range of WWII-era battlecruisers (~1 /2 the
           | displacement of an Iowa class battleship--armor is really,
           | really heavy). It lacks battleship-class guns, but so does
           | everything else these days and it'd be kinda silly if it had
           | them.
        
             | speeder wrote:
             | The battlecruisers are actual battlecruisers including
             | having a lot of deck guns. They are nowhere near Ukraine
             | though. Seemly their job is patrol seas where US warships
             | might attack Russia.
             | 
             | Also I`ve read the reason Iowa Battleship in USA is not
             | fully decomissined is just in case they need it to take out
             | the two Russian battlecruisers... not likely to be nededed
             | but "just in case"
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Also I`ve read the reason Iowa Battleship in USA is not
               | fully decomissined is just in case they need it to take
               | out the two Russian battlecruisers... not likely to be
               | nededed but "just in case"
               | 
               | The Iowa and Wisconsin (originally New Jersey and
               | Wisconsin, but then Congress specifically intervened to
               | override the Navy and specify Iowa to replace New Jersey)
               | were returned to the reserve status and kept in mothballs
               | because Congress ordered the Navy to keep to Iowa-class
               | BBs in reserve in case needed to support Marine
               | amphibious operations (this ended in 2006), not to fight
               | the Kirovs.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | No, the Kirovs don't have much in the way of guns. The
               | main armament is 20 P-700 missiles.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirov-class_battlecruiser
               | 
               | Lots of big missiles; the only real naval gun is a twin
               | 130mm. (That's about the size of an Arleigh Burke
               | destroyer's gun. The Iowa's 15" guns are 406mm.) If
               | you're in gun range of a Kirov, something has gone badly
               | wrong for the Kirov.
        
               | nradov wrote:
               | All US Navy battleships were completely decommissioned
               | years ago. There is no possible way to reactivate any of
               | them.
        
               | irrational wrote:
               | But, what if aliens start attacking Hawaii? Could we
               | reactivate one of them then?
        
               | akmarinov wrote:
               | I think I recall watching a documentary on that topic.
               | Very enlightening stuff
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | We should've reactivated one to shell the studio that
               | greenlit that movie.
        
               | GlenTheMachine wrote:
               | IDK. It's a bad movie. But as bad movies go, it's a
               | pretty good bad movie.
        
               | watersb wrote:
               | It would have been a better bad movie on 1/10th the
               | budget. And a different script. And a different premise.
               | Oh well, the actors tried...
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battleship_(film)
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | zerkten wrote:
               | Why would you use an old battleship when you have
               | submarines (torpedoes and missiles), airpower, smaller
               | surface ships with lots of missiles?
               | 
               | (I think you may have confused this with the 1980s refit
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iowa-
               | class_battleship#1980s_re....)
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > From their design, the ship class in question seem to be
             | some kind of largish general-purpose missile cruisers with
             | substantial armament and decent anti-air/anti-missile
             | defenses,
             | 
             | My understanding is that the Moskva specifically had few
             | and outdated anti-missile self-defense systems, but capable
             | anti-air systems (and was, in fact, the main anti-air
             | platform as well as the flagship for the Black Sea fleet.)
        
           | ajross wrote:
           | In modern usage it's mostly just about size. Naval non-
           | carrier surface combat vessels have a bunch of roles and
           | weapon systems, but tend to be generalists and not
           | specialists. So everything has cruise missiles and SAMs and
           | radars and antisubmarine helicopters, etc... If it's big it's
           | a "cruiser" and if it's small it's a "frigate" and everything
           | else is a "destroyer". And there's a bunch of overlap and
           | ambiguity.
           | 
           | These ships are big-ish soviet-era vessels designed primarily
           | (as I understand it) for anti-ship cruise missile focus, but
           | they fill all roles.
        
           | simonh wrote:
           | Originally cruisers were pretty much the largest ships in a
           | fleet, capable of independent long range cruising missions.
           | Battleship was a broader term.
           | 
           | The development of HMS Dreadnought heralded a revolution in
           | big gun capital ship design and modern battleships were
           | sometimes referred to as Dreadnought class battleships,
           | though for a long time that's been the only kind.
           | Particularly large or capable cruisers are sometimes called
           | battle cruisers.
           | 
           | This ship doesn't have big guns because it's a missile ship
           | so it can't be a battleship, but it is a capital ship, which
           | makes it a cruiser.
           | 
           | As all programmers know, naming things is hard.
        
             | jltsiren wrote:
             | "Cruiser" is an old term, and it originally referred to the
             | mission rather than to the ship. Cruisers were usually
             | smaller ships such as frigates or sloops, because bigger
             | ships were too expensive to use in that role.
             | 
             | Battleships were the last descendants of the ship of line,
             | which basically meant a ship big enough and heavily armed
             | enough to not be a weak link in the line of battle.
        
           | dragontamer wrote:
           | I'm no Navy expert. But, here's my understanding of today's
           | Navies.
           | 
           | * Corvette/Frigates -- Smaller ships with smaller munitions.
           | They're just missile platforms. Anything smaller than a
           | Corvette basically is ignored for most discussions. Frigates
           | are slightly larger than Corvette.
           | 
           | * Destroyers -- Bigger than Frigates. Not only do Destroyers
           | have significant missile capacities (like Corvette /
           | Frigates), Destroyers are big enough for major sensor suites.
           | SONAR, RADAR, etc. etc. Maybe enough for a CWIS (aim-bot with
           | a gatling gun, designed to automatically shoot down enemy
           | missiles as they approach).
           | 
           | * Cruisers -- Bigger than Destroyers. More missiles, more
           | sensors. While a Destroyer might have 1x CWIS and 1x RADAR,
           | you might be seeing 2x or 3x CWIS or RADARS on the larger
           | Cruiser class.
           | 
           | > In these days and age where all war ships seem to be
           | essentially floating missile launch platforms, what is the
           | difference?
           | 
           | Defense. You need a lot of power to run those RADAR systems,
           | which are constantly scanning the skies for enemy missiles.
           | Corvette/Frigates are too small to have a CWIS / anti-missile
           | defense system, so they need to hang around larger ships
           | (like Destroyers or Cruisers) for defense.
           | 
           | Multiple Destroyers could be stationed next to each other to
           | increase their defenses. But if two Destroyers were just
           | going to sail together (for better RADAR coverage and/or
           | defenses), its a better idea to just make a slightly bigger
           | ship, but with twice the RADAR / twice the defense of a
           | singular Destroyer.
        
             | Lev1a wrote:
             | > Corvette/Frigates
             | 
             | Don't know if this is just a meme or actually called that
             | by real Navy members, but I heard them referred to as
             | "missile sponges", i.e. to "soak up" missiles fired at the
             | convoy/battle group.
        
             | Marthinwurer wrote:
             | The difference is less the CIWS and more the amount of
             | displacement that they have to spend on capabilities and
             | the generality of those capabilities.
             | 
             | Even LCSs, effectively overpowered corvettes, have CIWS.
             | They don't have the radar which can deal with threats
             | further out than the 10 miles or so that their SeaRAM can
             | deal with.
             | 
             | Frigates have more room to fit larger radars, power plants
             | to feed them, and missiles to fire with them. Smaller
             | frigates usually have 8-16 VLS tubes with ESSM or SM-2 to
             | deal with threats 30+ miles out. Bigger ones, like the
             | planned Constellation class, will have 32.
             | 
             | Destroyers are where you get enough room to start having
             | strike and long range defense capabilities. The radar is
             | now powerful enough to track ballistic missiles coming in
             | from space, and they have missiles that can intercept them
             | like SM-3. They also have extra VLS to store strike
             | capabilities, like Tomahawk missiles. US Arleigh Burke
             | class Destroyers have 96 VLS cells.
             | 
             | Cruisers have an interesting role. In the US navy, we don't
             | really need them. We have a slightly larger destroyer hull
             | with extra room for a fleet command center that we call
             | cruisers to make congress happy. In navies that don't have
             | carriers, though, their role is to be the main strike
             | platform for the fleet. They'll have mounts for the largest
             | mobile missiles in their arsenal, like the Russian P-700
             | Granit, which NATO called "Shipwreck".
             | 
             | Carriers are the most important part of the US Navy. Their
             | power projection and sea control capabilities are
             | unmatched. Each one carries their own airborne radar
             | squadron, as well as 44+ strike fighters to not only defend
             | it but to strike back at their foes. The carrier allows the
             | fleet to know everything that happens within 500 miles, and
             | destroy anything that it doesn't want there.
             | 
             | So, why don't we want to just have lots of cruisers? A mix
             | of survivability and flexibility. While offensive
             | capability scales linearly with tonnage, survivability
             | falls to the cube-square law and only increases as the cube
             | root of tonnage. Carriers are a special exception to this,
             | because their aircraft are such a force multiplier.
             | However, they're extremely expensive so very few countries
             | can afford more than one or two. The US, however, is
             | required by congress to have at least 10. For flexibility,
             | it's often nice to have more platforms with less
             | capabilites in more places than one platform with more
             | capabilities in one place.
        
               | dragontamer wrote:
               | > Carriers are the most important part of the US Navy.
               | Their power projection and sea control capabilities are
               | unmatched. Each one carries their own airborne radar
               | squadron, as well as 44+ strike fighters to not only
               | defend it but to strike back at their foes. The carrier
               | allows the fleet to know everything that happens within
               | 500 miles, and destroy anything that it doesn't want
               | there.
               | 
               | Modern US Carriers are pretty absurd though. Do they
               | really need 2 runways and 4 catapults?
               | 
               | I get it, in combat, you really want to launch your
               | aircraft really fast. But it does show how building one-
               | ship with 2x runways is considered better (by the US Navy
               | anyway) than building 2x ships with 1x runways each.
               | 
               | There's a lot of decisions that went into the design of
               | these ships. I'm not sure if they all made sense... it
               | all comes down to what modern naval combat is (and
               | frankly, no one really knows what modern naval combat
               | is... there hasn't been a clash of major powers since
               | WW2. Falklands War IMO doesn't count since Argentina
               | isn't really the same kind of power as United Kingdom)
               | 
               | ------
               | 
               | I think everyone knows that our Carriers are vulnerable
               | to enemies. But they're so useful for power projection
               | that we keep building them...
        
             | KptMarchewa wrote:
             | >Corsair
             | 
             | Corvette.
        
               | dragontamer wrote:
               | Woops, there goes my Starcraft part of my brain
               | corrupting my military part of my brain. Thanks for the
               | correction, I just edited it in.
        
               | KptMarchewa wrote:
               | At least carriers are obvious :)
        
             | andbberger wrote:
             | USN oliver perry class frigates have a CWIS system. in fact
             | it seems the majority of USN ships have a CWIS system.
        
             | asvitkine wrote:
             | > its a better idea to just make a slightly bigger ship,
             | but with twice the RADAR / twice the defense of a singular
             | Destroyer
             | 
             | Why? Wouldn't two destroyers be more flexible and also
             | harder to hit than one big ship?
        
               | dragontamer wrote:
               | Cause Navy guns don't scale that way.
               | 
               | Destroyers are around 8000 tons. Cruisers are around
               | 10,000 tons.
               | 
               | You need 16,000 tons of metal to make 2x Destroyers. You
               | only need 10,000 tons of metal to make 1x Cruiser.
               | 
               | Your crew sizes are also merged together with the larger-
               | ships, meaning you need fewer sailors to perform the same
               | amount of firepower. Two Destroyers would have a lot of
               | redundant jobs compared to one Cruiser.
        
           | sgt101 wrote:
           | Ha, no one is right.
           | 
           | The key distinction is what name when applied to the hoped
           | for platform will win funding from the national tax authority
           | - what ever that is.
           | 
           | In the UK talk of cruisers is a no-no, the last "through deck
           | cruisers" were actually aircraft carriers, and no one is
           | falling for that again. Thus the Type 45's are definitely
           | destroyers despite displacing 9400 tonnes. In other lands the
           | Ticonderoga's are cruisers, even though they displace 9600
           | tonnes, the Arleigh Burke are destroyers at 9300 tonnes, but
           | the Zumwalt's come in at 14000 tonnes as destroyers as well!
           | Note, there will only ever be three Zumwalt's.
        
           | greenyoda wrote:
           | According to Wikipedia:
           | 
           | "Modern cruisers are generally the largest ships in a fleet
           | after aircraft carriers and amphibious assault ships."[1]
           | 
           | So it looks like they're larger than destroyers but have a
           | similar function.
           | 
           | A discussion of current U.S. and Russian cruiser capabilities
           | can be found here:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruiser#Current_cruisers
           | 
           | Moskva is a Slava-class cruiser:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slava-class_cruiser
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruiser
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > So it looks like they're larger than destroyers but have
             | a similar function.
             | 
             | The Ticonderoga class cruisers are basically the same size
             | as the Arleigh Burke destroyers (smaller than the Flight
             | III, larger than earlier ones) and much smaller than the
             | Zumwalt-class destroyers.
             | 
             | There's a degree of what amounts to fashion in the naming,
             | and "cruiser" is out of fashion for newer ships.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | The distinctions between surface warship classes are somewhat
           | arbitrary. Some modern frigates and destroyers are larger
           | than WW2 cruisers. Originally cruisers were lightly armored
           | vessels intended for long range, high speed commerce raiding
           | to disrupt enemy logistics. They weren't intended to stand in
           | the line of battle and slug it out with heavily armored
           | battleships. But now modern cruisers carry large numbers of
           | missiles for attacking other ships, or striking surface
           | targets, or defending an aircraft carrier from air and
           | missile attacks. So the key distinction that characterizes a
           | cruiser is basically just "more missiles".
           | 
           | The US Navy is gradually decommissioning their cruisers and
           | can't afford to build new ones.
        
             | sgt101 wrote:
             | Well, can't afford while keeping 9 super carriers and 30
             | odd virginia class. It should be noted that the current
             | generation of super subs can fire cruise missiles at shore
             | targets as well as old cruisers could. Add in the shift in
             | drone technology and the argument for big, non carrier
             | surface combatants looks poor.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Add in the shift in drone technology and the argument
               | for big, non carrier surface combatants looks poor.
               | 
               | The newer American destroyers are bigger than the last
               | cruisers we built, so phasing out of cruisers isn't about
               | not having big, non-carrier surface combatants.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > The US Navy is gradually decommissioning their cruisers
             | and can't afford to build new ones.
             | 
             | The Ticonderoga class cruisers are 9,600 tons, the Arleigh
             | Burke Flight III destroyers are 9,700 tons, the Zumwalt
             | class destroyers are almost 16k tons.
             | 
             | We have newer cruisers, we just call them destroyers.
        
           | nickff wrote:
           | Most of the other replies here say it's all about size, and
           | size does matter, but it's not the whole story.
           | 
           | Generally, cruisers are designed with capabilities that allow
           | them to operate anywhere on the ocean on their own, or as the
           | lead vessels in small groups of ships (along with frigates
           | and destroyers). Destroyers are usually smaller and have a
           | more limited set of capabilities, and are intended to operate
           | as ocean-going support ships in a combat group. Frigates are
           | usually even smaller, with similar set of capabilities to a
           | destroyer, but more limited equipment and intended to operate
           | relatively close to their home ports.
           | 
           | Every navy has different sizes for each, with the USA having
           | some of the largest ships of each designation. You should
           | also keep in mind that each type of ship has gotten
           | progressively larger over time; as of WWII, destroyers were
           | roughly 2000 tons, and cruisers were about 8000 tons.
        
           | AnimalMuppet wrote:
           | Some are bigger than others, which means that they can launch
           | more missiles (and maybe also longer range missiles). They
           | may also have more powerful radars, and have a more central
           | role in coordinating the fleet as a whole.
           | 
           | Also, they have more people, so it's a bigger deal if they
           | get sunk.
        
       | akimball wrote:
       | Nah, it was upgraded to a submarine.
        
         | bambax wrote:
         | All ships can go under water. Some can resurface.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | sebastianconcpt wrote:
         | You are supremely correct comrade!
        
         | seandoe wrote:
         | Oh sinking? That's not a bug
        
       | subroutine wrote:
       | "Ukrainian soldiers on Snake Island, this is Russian Warship
       | Moskva, surrender yourselves or die"
       | 
       | "Russian warship Moskva, go fuck yourself"
       | 
       | Then Moskva opened fire. Everyone on the island was (edit)
       | captured.
       | 
       | Guess where Moskva is now?
       | 
       | At the bottom of the ocean. The Ukrainians are so badass.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | bhouston wrote:
         | > Then Moskva opened fire and killed everyone on the island.
         | 
         | I understand they didn't die and were just taken prisoner. See:
         | https://www.npr.org/2022/03/24/1088593653/snake-island-sailo...
        
           | bnt wrote:
           | Weren't all of them recovered? Or is everything
           | misinformation these days?
        
             | mechanical_bear wrote:
             | Not necessarily "misinformation" exactly, so much as just
             | general "fog of war".
        
               | RC_ITR wrote:
               | From Wikipedia:
               | 
               | Misinformation is incorrect or misleading information
               | presented as fact, either intentionally or
               | unintentionally. Disinformation is a subset of
               | misinformation, that which is deliberately deceptive.
               | 
               | So yes 'misinformation' no 'disinformation'
               | 
               | Isn't English just such a utilitarian language?
        
             | _moof wrote:
             | They were taken prisoner, and later given back to Ukraine
             | in a prisoner swap.
        
         | volkadav wrote:
         | turns out the garrison was captured and later exchanged in a
         | prisoner swap, so they made it out alive :)
         | 
         | https://www.npr.org/2022/03/24/1088593653/snake-island-sailo...
        
           | sebastianconcpt wrote:
           | Now I want to fantasize them being the ones pressing the fire
           | button of these neptunes.
        
         | eps wrote:
         | As colorful as it was, the context of that island episode is
         | that none of the soldiers on the island actually died.
         | 
         | They were all taken as PoWs by the Russians.
        
           | dotopotoro wrote:
        
             | TylerLives wrote:
             | "Russian warship, go fuck yourself"
             | 
             |  _surrenders_
             | 
             | I don't understand this.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | I hope they were not on that ship still.
        
       | travisgriggs wrote:
       | Two questions. US ships usually have phalanx defensive systems
       | for anti missle deterrents. I've always heard these are pretty
       | effective as long as their active and not overwhelmed.
       | 
       | Does the Russian navy not possess these? Or do they, and it just
       | didn't work well?
        
         | ApostleMatthew wrote:
         | Russia uses a similar system, the Kashtan CIWS. This article
         | (https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-61103927) indicates that
         | the Moskva did have one installed, though I don't know why it
         | didn't help in this case.
        
       | rixrax wrote:
       | Couple of questions that I remain curious about now that sinking
       | has been confirmed:
       | 
       | 1. Did it go to a bottom with some nuclear warheads onboard? What
       | is going to happen to these? (Slava class is nuclear strike
       | capable[0])
       | 
       | 2. It was the flagship of the BS fleet. This I have been told
       | implies admiral and their staff on board. Any news of the fate of
       | the fleet staff?
       | 
       | 3. Is there any news beyond 'all were evacuated' of the fate of
       | the crew? Some news said Turkish navy managed to rescue ~50
       | sailors. What about the rest ~450[1]?
       | 
       | [0] https://www.19fortyfive.com/2022/03/ukraines-next-
       | nightmare-... [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slava-
       | class_cruiser
        
       | riffic wrote:
       | uh, tass.ru is not the most unbiased of sources here. Why are we
       | linking to it and not say, someone a bit more neutral (for
       | example, wikipedia:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_cruiser_Moskva#Sinking)
        
         | AnimalMuppet wrote:
         | Confirmation from a hostile source. If Tass admits it sank, it
         | probably sank.
        
         | Zigurd wrote:
         | It amounts to "statement against interests." If Tass admits it
         | sank, it sank.
        
         | capdeck wrote:
         | ... and you turn to Wikipedia when even its founder no longer
         | trusts the website:
         | 
         | Wikipedia co-founder: I no longer trust the website I created -
         | YouTube
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l0P4Cf0UCwU
        
           | riffic wrote:
           | > Larry Sanger
           | 
           | uh, yeah there's a reason he's no longer with the project.
           | dude's got history.
        
         | IMTDb wrote:
         | Because the fact that it is relayed by a pro-putin newspaper is
         | significant. This was is also an information war, so analysing
         | _who_ reports the news is almost as important as _what_ is
         | reported.
        
           | riffic wrote:
           | TASS is a news agency, like Reuters or AP, not a newspaper.
           | 
           | While it's significant, it's also propaganda. At the very
           | least, WP has a policy to maintain a neutral point of view
           | and to only put things on the site which can be reliably
           | sourced.
           | 
           | We should be sensitive to the power of a site like this in
           | relaying harmful propaganda.
        
         | jakubadamw wrote:
         | You're right, TASS is a Russian state press agency transmitting
         | official propaganda but what this is an example of is Russians
         | admitting their own loss. It rarely happens in this war, which
         | makes this all the more interesting.
        
           | epolanski wrote:
           | You can't hide your flagship sinking.
        
         | mattm wrote:
         | I thought that was the point. To expose an obvious attempt at
         | spinning information.
        
       | gvb wrote:
       | Quote from the Moscow-based think tank, the Center for Analysis
       | of Strategies and Technologies:
       | 
       | "The flagship of the Russian Black Sea Fleet, the Moskva cruiser,
       | was indeed attacked by the Neptune anti-ship missiles from the
       | coastline between Odessa and Mykolaiv," it said, adding that _a
       | drone distracted the ship before the missiles hit._ [emphasis
       | mine]
       | 
       | Ref: https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2022/04/14/ukraine-
       | russ...
        
         | Arrath wrote:
         | As the ship was host to a S-300F system, roughly analogous to
         | the US's AEGIS missile defense, getting distracted by a single
         | drone sounds like it should be yet another black eye in this
         | whole chain of events.
        
           | favorited wrote:
           | The analysis I saw noted that their air defense only had a
           | 180-degree range. So a drone could be used to distract their
           | defense, get it pointed away from the Neptune launcher, then
           | fire from the ship's blind spot.
        
           | dathinab wrote:
           | What if, just hypothetical, it was a swarm. (I don't think it
           | was in this case).
           | 
           | I mean private persons can use drone swarms to put pictures
           | on the night sky.
           | 
           | And while they are rout pre-programmed, it's not hard to use
           | a template to very fast pre-program a drone swarm to fly some
           | pseudo randomized pattern around a ship of which the position
           | is known.
        
             | weeblewobble wrote:
             | Likely not a consumer class drone/quadcopter like what
             | you're picturing, but a combat drone (basically a small
             | airplane) like this
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baykar_Bayraktar_TB2
        
         | newsclues wrote:
         | Pretty sure the drone wasn't merely a distraction, I think they
         | have pods with data links to the missiles with also talk to
         | each other.
        
           | trhway wrote:
           | Yes, the drone was used to provide the precise ship's
           | position to the missiles, and that allowed to almost
           | immediately turn off the main radar of the missile launching
           | battery, thus not allowing Russia to learn about its position
           | and to strike back.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Do you know this for a fact or is it speculation?
        
       | bastardoperator wrote:
       | Sounds like you could sink all these ships pretty easily if a
       | single drone kicked this entire chain of events off.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | There was also severe weather, and the Neptunes are sea-
         | skimming. Sounds like the Ukranians waited for the perfect
         | shot, as there aren't many of the things.
        
       | a-b wrote:
       | Burn in hell!
        
       | mkl95 wrote:
       | The ship was 40+ years old, although it was going to be used
       | until 2026. How common is it for warships to be that old?
        
         | mikeyouse wrote:
         | Very common.. US Ticonderoga class cruisers were first
         | commissioned in 1983, so they're all ~40 years old. We're in
         | the process of decommissioning some of them now, but many will
         | likely still be sailing in 2040. Often times older ships get
         | retrofit with the latest defense/offense capabilities and new
         | propulsion if there's something they'd benefit from.
         | 
         | Ohio and Los Angeles class submarines were mostly built in the
         | 1980s as well and many / most (?) are still active.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ticonderoga-class_cruiser
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio-class_submarine
        
       | tomohawk wrote:
       | Additional information:
       | 
       | https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/ukraine-situation-repo...
        
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