[HN Gopher] New Covid nasal spray outperforms current antibody t...
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       New Covid nasal spray outperforms current antibody treatments in
       mice
        
       Author : geox
       Score  : 173 points
       Date   : 2022-04-14 08:14 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (news.northwestern.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (news.northwestern.edu)
        
       | azinman2 wrote:
       | Sounds great, but most drugs fail before Phase III.
        
       | op00to wrote:
       | I use an OTC carrageenan nasal spray which shows some
       | effectiveness in preventing infection. Maybe it's snake oil going
       | up my nose, maybe not, but I think these types of sprays are a
       | convenient path to getting out of the COVID mess.
        
       | timcavel wrote:
        
       | lesgobrandon wrote:
        
       | snovv_crash wrote:
       | At least they added the "... in mice." suffix. So often that is
       | left out.
        
         | jqpabc123 wrote:
         | It would have been much more professional sounding if the
         | testing had been done "in vitro" --- like with Ivermectin.
        
       | imeron wrote:
        
         | mckirk wrote:
         | That probably depends on whether the mice need to be dewormed
         | or not.
        
           | scarygliders wrote:
           | Ivermectin isn't just a deworming medication though. You must
           | know more than just what you've been told in pithy Twitter
           | memes, surely?
        
             | dhimes wrote:
             | The canonical Covid debunking came out weeks ago.
        
           | idontwantthis wrote:
           | Ivermectin has been proven to be incredibly effective in
           | Covid patients...who also happen to have parasites.
        
             | RALaBarge wrote:
        
         | chrisco255 wrote:
        
           | markdown wrote:
           | On HN even?
        
             | grepfru_it wrote:
             | I was shocked at how many people took ivermectin when
             | things started opening up this year. I still have a hard
             | time believing these people got over their covid infection
             | in 2 days with an ivermectin prescription, but at least 50
             | distinct people told me this. Meanwhile I was left to my
             | own natural remedies after being turned away from the ER.
             | 
             | Also shocking is how many people who did not get the
             | vaccine at all. Really makes me question reality
             | 
             | EDIT: this is purely my anecdotal research of a southern
             | state (where i live) compared to a northern state (where my
             | family lives)
        
               | tinus_hn wrote:
               | This is not surprising at all given that Ivermectin is a
               | safe medication and most cases of Covid-19 clear by
               | themselves in a few days. So if ivermectin doesn't help
               | at all you'd still see what you're seeing.
               | 
               | The surprise might be that Covid-19 is not like Ebola or
               | the Black Plague and although like these diseases it can
               | cause very serious illness or death, unlike these
               | diseases it does not do that in the vast majority of
               | cases.
        
       | pinko wrote:
       | I remember years ago reading horror stories of a similar nasal
       | spray (Tamiflu I think?) causing long-term or permanent loss of
       | smell, and swore I'd never use it since I'd much rather have the
       | flu once than never smell again.
       | 
       | Is that a risk generally with nasal sprays, or something not to
       | worry about?
        
         | yablak wrote:
         | Seems like it's within sampling error:
         | 
         | https://www.ehealthme.com/ds/tamiflu/loss-of-smell/
         | 
         | Especially when flu itself can cause loss of smell/taste:
         | 
         | https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-1988-02-21-mn-44059-...
         | (1988)
         | 
         | It's not clear if in those cases the loss lasted after end of
         | use. My guess it resolved on its own.
        
         | dham wrote:
         | Flu causes loss of smell too though. Crazy right? By the past 2
         | years you would think Covid was the only virus ever to cause
         | loss of smell.
        
         | weberer wrote:
         | You're thinking of the experimental zinc sprays that never made
         | it past testing.
        
           | pinko wrote:
           | I think you're right. Thank you for the clarification!
        
       | freemint wrote:
       | Does some know whether the muscouse membranes in the nose differ
       | much between humans and mice? Do they differ more or less then
       | immune system do?
        
       | jasonhansel wrote:
       | Giving a mouse a nasal spray must require an _incredibly_ steady
       | hand (unless there 's some nonobvious trick to it).
        
         | mckirk wrote:
         | Easy, just put cocaine in the spray and make it mouse-operable.
        
           | moonchrome wrote:
           | But what if cocaine is actually treating Covid ? Imagine
           | discovering the cocaine control group is having the same
           | result - would be an interesting plot twist to the pandemic.
        
             | GLGirty wrote:
             | That experiment will be defunded just as fast as the rat
             | park.
             | 
             | http://utw10426.utweb.utexas.edu/quest/Q3/ratpark.html
        
             | mckirk wrote:
             | You know, that's not the most unlikely theory. I've
             | wondered why clubs reopening only had seemingly little
             | effect on covid spread...
        
               | cloverich wrote:
               | I'd thought the majority of spread was from intra and
               | inter household contact. i.e. family member spreads to
               | family members, who visit friends, who spread to their
               | family, etc.
        
               | dennis_jeeves1 wrote:
               | Imagine the un-vaccinated/un-masked having all the fun,
               | yet not getting covid...
               | 
               | The universe is indeed unfair.
        
         | Traubenfuchs wrote:
         | Picture of mouse receiving intranasal substance.
         | 
         | https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S01660934110005...
        
           | op00to wrote:
           | That mouse is clearly saying "oooooooooooo!"
        
           | bena wrote:
           | Yep, pretty much what I pictured. Mice are small. You just
           | grab it to restrain it and stick the tube where it needs to
           | go. This doesn't require mistreating the animal (any more
           | than any animal testing is considered mistreatment, but
           | that's another discussion), just being firm and deliberate.
        
             | LeifCarrotson wrote:
             | Looks an awful lot like the difficult process of trying to
             | give an infant eye drops.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | chrisco255 wrote:
       | Is it normal that mice can get Covid?
        
         | Symmetry wrote:
         | Yes. And in fact the Omicron variant seems to have evolved in
         | mice.
         | 
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34954396/
        
         | Traubenfuchs wrote:
         | It's been fully accepted that most, if not all, mammals can get
         | infected and infect other mammals with Covid-19.
         | 
         | https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/daily-life-coping/...
         | 
         | https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2013102117
        
       | swayvil wrote:
        
       | buster wrote:
       | What i don't understand is, if it prevents covid for a longer
       | term or just for a few hours. The article mentions that it
       | prevents that the virus can enter cells, but to me it sounds like
       | it only prevents as long as the spray is present?
        
         | herodotus wrote:
         | I am sorry this thread got hijacked. I had the same thought as
         | the OP: vaccines work by training the bodies own defences. The
         | description of this spray sounds more like a disinfectant that
         | prevents the virus from binding to human cells. Can anyone
         | knowledgeable on HN clarify this?
        
           | officialjunk wrote:
           | The mucosal immune system in the respiratory tract is the
           | first line of defense against covid. An interstitial
           | injection does not train the mucosal immune system, while a
           | nasal vaccine does. To prevent any infection, the mucosal
           | immune system needs to be primed.
        
         | bbarnett wrote:
        
           | cyberlurker wrote:
           | It's so interesting that I can't tell if you are a troll,
           | being sarcastic, an antisemite, a Q believer, etc.
           | 
           | But also I don't think your comment adds much to the
           | discussion. Generally, non vaccine treatments have escaped
           | the "Bill Gates and his microchip" skepticism.
        
             | jakeinspace wrote:
             | It's a reference to They Live
        
               | cyberlurker wrote:
               | Ah, cool I never heard of it. Thanks.
        
             | themitigating wrote:
             | What's the name of that phenomenon where you can't tell if
             | someone is sarcastic or a true fanatic these days
        
               | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
               | > Poe's law is an adage of Internet culture stating that,
               | without a clear indicator of the author's intent, every
               | parody of extreme views can be mistaken by some readers
               | for a sincere expression of the views being parodied
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poe%27s_law
        
             | d23 wrote:
             | Does it not add to the discussion? It's clearly satire. You
             | can flick your finger on your mouse wheel in this comments
             | section and read something that's trying to be serious but
             | is equally ridiculous.
             | 
             | Also, this opening line is gold:
             | 
             | > Naturally, and it also effects the ability to smell. To
             | smell _them_.
        
             | dhimes wrote:
             | Reference to a great cult movie: _They Live_ with Roddy
             | Piper and Keith David.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | morjom wrote:
       | There's a Covid nasal spray being developed by a Finnish company
       | Rokote Laboratories Finland Ltd [1], which is supposed to go into
       | clinical trials after this summer.
       | 
       | [1] https://rokote.com/home.html
        
         | flr03 wrote:
         | Yes, there are covid nasal sprays being developed all over the
         | world. Also Birmingham, Oxford (UK), Tours (France)...
        
         | henriks wrote:
         | The one you mention is a viral vector vaccine; the mentioned
         | spray sounds more similar to this (incidentally developed by
         | someone from the same lab):
         | https://www.helsinki.fi/en/news/pandemics/biological-mask-ad...
        
       | great_reversal wrote:
       | This sounds familiar... https://science.ubc.ca/news/new-nasal-
       | spray-treats-delta-var...
        
       | walterbell wrote:
       | There's a widely available OTC nasal spray that has been used for
       | years against various respiratory viruses, which became engaged
       | in a regulatory debate.
       | 
       | https://finance.yahoo.com/news/nathan-jones-ceo-xlear-inc-11...
       | 
       |  _> The Government tells people to wash their hands; Yet COVID-19
       | is an upper respiratory illness. Most COVID-19 infections start
       | in the nose. It makes commonsense to wash your nose. People have
       | been using nasal cleansing to fight respiratory illnesses going
       | back thousands of years._
       | 
       | March 2021,
       | https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20210324005241/en/Xle...
       | 
       |  _> Xlear previously filed a pre-EUA seeking approval for use of
       | the nasal spray as a medical device in combatting COVID-19.
       | However, because the FDA determined that Xlear "works against the
       | virus," the FDA told Xlear it would need to be considered as a
       | drug or combination product EUA. Xlear is currently sold in over
       | 50,000 pharmacies, grocery stores, and online as a nasal spray.
       | "Xlear doesn't require the EUA to be sold and used--we only need
       | an EUA to be able to inform people about the benefits of using
       | Xlear to protect themselves from COVID-19 "._
        
         | elif wrote:
         | Reminds me of the "we don't need more vaccines" FDA
        
           | themitigating wrote:
           | Did the FDA say this?
        
         | bluedino wrote:
         | This reads like the radio ad for Navage nasal rinse
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | I feel I read a study about how flushing out your nose with
         | water early and repeatedly when a covid infection starts can
         | knock it back long enough for you to build the immunity to
         | fight it off. Googling irrigation and covid gives you a lot of
         | good hits; I have yet to see a negative one. If I assume
         | competence for no good reason, maybe the government was afraid
         | people would injure themselves?
         | 
         | Here were a couple studies that recruited people:
         | 
         | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04347538
         | 
         | https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04559035
        
           | Enginerrrd wrote:
           | By the time you start developing symptoms, in most cases,
           | you're already at peak viral load.
        
           | PragmaticPulp wrote:
           | The existence of a study only indicates that someone secured
           | funding and pushed it through review. COVID was a goldrush
           | for studies with the huge government injection of cash
           | dedicated to research.
           | 
           | There were also early studies suggesting that gargling
           | antiseptic mouthwash had similar effects, but the later
           | studies weren't successful.
           | 
           | Unfortunately, it looks like once the virus is in your
           | airways it moves into the rest of the body too quickly for
           | simple interventions to do much.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | Sorry, but you've been duped by supplement sellers' marketing
         | material.
         | 
         | Xlear is just a branded Xylitol nasal spray. You can go buy it
         | right now if you want. The regulatory action only limited them
         | from claiming that it was effective against COVID without
         | evidence, _which is a very good thing_. Xylitol is a cheap,
         | common ingredient that supplement makers have been trying to
         | push as a wonder drug for a long time. Xylitol nasal spray does
         | not appear to be an effective COVID treatment.
         | 
         | COVID was a gold rush for supplement marketers. Everyone who
         | wanted to sell more supplements was looking for an angle to
         | suggest that their supplement might be helpful. Pushing press
         | releases to Yahoo Finance and Business Wire is an easy way to
         | get your name out there.
         | 
         | The only hit for "xlear" and "covid" on PubMed is this one case
         | report written by authors with financial ties to Xlear:
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33173650/
         | 
         | They only used 3 mild-moderate COVID patients and zero
         | controls:
         | 
         | > We present a series of three mild-moderate risks,
         | symptomatic, COVID-19 patients, treated with the intranasal
         | combination, as an adjuvant to their ongoing treatment, with
         | rapid clinical improvement and shorten time to negativization
         | on repeat intranasal swab test via PCR.
         | 
         | Their claim that it shortened time to negativization doesn't
         | make any sense because they didn't have a control group to
         | compare against.
         | 
         | This is junk supplement marketing material pretending to be
         | science. Please don't promote it.
        
           | perardi wrote:
           | I'm sorry, but, to be succinct about that study: _lol_
           | 
           | Go and read the 3 patient studies they describe.
           | 
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7645297/
           | 
           | Not only was there not a control group, the 3 patients _had
           | almost nothing in common_. Totally different ages, totally
           | different medical histories.
           | 
           | What an absolute garbage study.
        
           | arcticfox wrote:
           | Thank you for debunking that comment and spelling out the
           | problems. Without this explanation I'd have no idea.
        
             | PragmaticPulp wrote:
             | When something sounds too good to be true it's easy to
             | visit https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/ and run a search for
             | published literature
             | 
             | However, be careful! Savvy supplement companies will give
             | large ownernship shares to doctors in exchange for
             | essentially manufacturing positive-looking literature and
             | pushing it to pay-to-publish journals. You have to read the
             | conflict of interest sections and have a high degree of
             | suspicion to make sure you're reading a real study instead
             | of astroturfing
        
               | omginternets wrote:
               | At the end of the day, there is no substitute for reading
               | a large amount of primary sources and really trying to
               | understand what's going on.
        
               | azinman2 wrote:
               | The problem with this is that you need expertise in the
               | area of interest to know what's good or bad research,
               | what's commonly known, and who generally is doing good
               | work. This is too much to ask for the general public in
               | areas like biology, which is why we have experts to
               | filter the information.
               | 
               | The collapse of trust in expertise only widens the
               | possibility for junk to be pushed through, which will
               | result in a terrible self-actualizing cycle. When you see
               | on social media "I did the research and found...", all
               | that means is someone put something into google and read
               | something that fit a confirmation bias with zero
               | criticality or training on how to interpret what they
               | read.
        
               | omginternets wrote:
               | A large (majority?) part of gaining an expertise is
               | precisely through a large volume of meticulous reading.
               | But I think we're saying the same thing: most people
               | "doing their own research", are not doing meaningful
               | research, partly because it's a herculean undertaking.
        
         | nojito wrote:
         | Why are you taking the words from a press release as fact?
         | 
         | The EUA process is fairly straightforward. The fact they
         | haven't gone through it is extremely suspect.
        
         | Alex3917 wrote:
         | Also Betadine Cold Defence, which contains iota carrageenan.
         | But even though it's made in the U.S., the only way to get it
         | is from Canada. (Which is an entirely different product than
         | the Betadine nasal spray that's available in the U.S., which
         | the media has been making fun of people for using.)
        
           | walterbell wrote:
           | Thanks for the pointer. OTC nasal sprays have been used for
           | many years in professions (e.g. dentistry) where there is
           | unavoidable risk of exposure to respiratory viruses.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | The question is, does this work in humans? Existing vaccines work
       | better in orangutans than they do in humans. There's a new
       | vaccine which reportedly works great in rabbits. There are quite
       | a few vaccines in development. Working in mice is only a first
       | step.
        
       | blenderdt wrote:
       | So it sound like this prevents you from getting infected while
       | the vaccins try to prevent you from becomming very sick.
        
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