[HN Gopher] Actuarial Life Table
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       Actuarial Life Table
        
       Author : j765
       Score  : 85 points
       Date   : 2022-04-12 16:25 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ssa.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ssa.gov)
        
       | chomp wrote:
       | I graphed the difference in years amongst men and women using
       | good ol' fashioned awk and free graphing software:
       | 
       | https://imgur.com/a/3b1KrD7
       | 
       | It looks like at around age 18 - 30ish, the numbers start
       | catching up, with a sharper reduction in expectancy differences
       | happening around age 35.
       | 
       | From the PRB:
       | 
       | "Men are three times as likely as women to die from injuries
       | (unintentional injuries, suicide, or homicide), and progress
       | against those causes of death has been much slower than against
       | other causes in the last 50 years. There is also evidence that
       | men at all ages are less likely to seek medical care and less
       | likely to comply with medical instructions than are women."
        
         | readthenotes1 wrote:
         | "There is also evidence that men at all ages are less likely to
         | seek medical care and less likely to comply with medical
         | instructions than are women."
         | 
         | Especially on the 0-1 year old group. Toxic masculinity starts
         | in utero.
        
           | chomp wrote:
           | Men's health is complicated. Yes, there's some "strength in
           | silence" confounding issues in doctor training and patients,
           | but if you pry back the social media buzzwords, you'll see
           | that there's complex economic and societal forces that push
           | men's health downward.
           | 
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1121551/
           | 
           | Also, I think you are trolling, but I'll bite. The expectancy
           | in the 0-1 age group takes into account all life events that
           | will affect the child over time, including what I had quoted.
           | If you look at the probabilities in early life for both
           | sexes, they have similar death probabilities.
        
             | TheSoftwareGuy wrote:
             | > The expectancy in the 0-1 age group takes into account
             | all life events that will affect the child over time
             | 
             | But this is not taken into account in the Death Probability
             | column, is it? Because we also see in that column,
             | consistently better outcomes for women, even for the very
             | youngest age groups
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | 10 and 11 year old boys have very similar rates of death
               | as 10 and 11 year old girls, and it swaps some years ex:
               | 2013.
               | 
               | Click on 2006 for example and men have noticeably lower
               | rates of death in that age range, but 14 year old boys
               | where still twice as likely to die.
        
           | 21723 wrote:
           | _Toxic masculinity starts in utero._
           | 
           | I was going to reply but then decided, no, nevermind.
        
             | kristopolous wrote:
             | The internet can be extremely hostile to empirical
             | evidence. I actually just expect to be brigaded whenever I
             | reference things like The Lancet. People are aggressively
             | anti-intellectual.
             | 
             | People don't logon to learn, they're here to be tribal and
             | do social cues
        
             | yellowstuff wrote:
             | Most people will miss this reference and the rest will feel
             | old. You owe us all apologies.
        
         | spookylettuce wrote:
         | I'm very interested in this workflow of data -> awk -> graph.
         | What graphing software did you use?
        
           | chomp wrote:
           | Well, I spat out the list of numbers and just googled "graph
           | values" and took the first result, but if you love to stay in
           | command line, you can do something like so...
           | 
           | # awk '{print $7-$4}' chart | gnuplot -p -e 'plot
           | "/dev/stdin"'
           | 
           | Where `chart` is just what I copy and pasted from the site :)
        
       | treespace8 wrote:
       | Wow, as a guy I have a 1/5 chance of not even making it to
       | retirement. (65) 1/3 chance of not living past 75. These are not
       | good odds.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | I wonder how those odds change if you narrow down to your
         | occupation/socioeconomic status/location.
         | 
         | I have always wondered what the income volatilities as you age
         | are for the purposes of calculating how much I should be
         | saving. My current strategy is to assume I will be unable to
         | earn income and/or need to spend a lot on healthcare with
         | increasing material odds starting at age 50 (since I might not
         | have access to subsidized health insurance that comes with a
         | job).
        
       | hardtke wrote:
       | This data, unfortunately, is missing an important confounding
       | variable besides male/female. In the US lifespan his highly
       | correlated with income, and the trend is getting worse. "The gap
       | in life expectancy between the richest 1% and poorest 1% of
       | individuals was 14.6 years (95% CI, 14.4 to 14.8 years) for men
       | and 10.1 years (95% CI, 9.9 to 10.3 years) for women. Second,
       | inequality in life expectancy increased over time. Between 2001
       | and 2014, life expectancy increased by 2.34 years for men and
       | 2.91 years for women in the top 5% of the income distribution,
       | but increased by only 0.32 years for men and 0.04 years for women
       | in the bottom 5% (P < .001 for the difference for both sexes)."
       | [1]
       | 
       | [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4866586/
        
         | anamax wrote:
         | From the article: "The differences in life expectancy were
         | correlated with health behaviors and local area
         | characteristics."
         | 
         | "Health behaviors (rates of current smoking, obesity [defined
         | as body mass index {calculated as weight in kilograms divided
         | by height in meters squared} >=30], and exercise during the
         | past month)"
        
         | zeroonetwothree wrote:
         | Hard to say in which direction the causation lies.
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | That's actually a good point: People who die earlier due to
           | genetics accumulate less wealth in their lifetime, and their
           | children therefore inherit less. With that causality, people
           | are poorer literally because they die earlier, rather than
           | the other way around. ;)
        
       | amyjess wrote:
       | I wish I was good enough at math to use these tables to figure
       | out what percentage of the population is within a particular age
       | range in any given year.
       | 
       | In particular, I'm curious to see what years the population of
       | particular generations peaked.
       | 
       | Edit: Actually what I'm really looking to do is to correlate
       | certain marketing demographics with generations. For example, "in
       | what years did Generation X comprise the majority of living
       | people in the 18-34 demographic?" (where Generation X is defined
       | as people born 1961-1981).
        
         | tfehring wrote:
         | There's not enough data to answer those questions from these
         | tables, the "number of lives" fields are just illustrative.
        
       | Spivakov wrote:
       | The death probability has a turning point from decreasing to
       | increasing around age 10 for both male and female. Wonder why
       | this specific age.
        
         | bachmeier wrote:
         | While that's true, these are small death probabilities. The age
         | 10 death probability is less than 1 in 10,000. It doesn't even
         | reach 1 in 1000 until age 20 for men and age 34 for women.
         | According to this data source[1] there are about 4 million
         | 10-year olds. That works out to less than 400 deaths for the
         | entire US in a year.
         | 
         | What I find interesting is the divergence at age 10 by gender.
         | By the late teens, boys are about 2.5 times more likely to die,
         | in spite of the probability being the same at age 10.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.statista.com/statistics/241488/population-of-
         | the...
        
         | rexreed wrote:
         | The overlapping decreasing line curves of mortality due to
         | infant / child mortality cases and increasing line curves of
         | mortality due to external factors, accidents, and illnesses.
         | The lines cross around 10 yrs old.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | I wonder if it's accidental behavior because of not knowing
         | better (children crawling into water or streets etc) combined
         | with accidental behavior because of being teenagers crossing
         | over.
        
         | brimble wrote:
         | Probably not the only factor, but 10's about the age when
         | suicide becomes more than a very, very remote possibility.
         | 
         | https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/figures/m6128qsf.g...
        
           | klelatti wrote:
           | U.K. data but accidents and cancer exceed intentional self
           | harm for teenagers.
           | 
           | https://stateofchildhealth.rcpch.ac.uk/evidence/mortality/ad.
           | ..
        
       | torstenvl wrote:
       | Great resource. I use this all the time for military clients near
       | or past retirement eligibility, to estimate the lifetime
       | financial penalty of discharging them before retirement, or of
       | retiring them in a lower grade.
        
       | morepork wrote:
       | Based on this, by the time you're 30, around 2% of your male high
       | school peers have passed away, but only 1% of your female ones.
       | Puts an interesting perspective on things.
        
       | verisimi wrote:
       | I would love to see the same data for the last 2 years
        
       | klelatti wrote:
       | If anyone is interested in more life tables the Society of
       | Actuaries has thousands to download and there is some simple code
       | to read them in Python here:
       | 
       | https://www.joveactuarial.com/blog/mortality-tables/
        
       | siddboots wrote:
       | One fun thing to do is to take these death probabilities and
       | throw them into a Leslie matrix [1], along with assumptions for
       | the age-specific birth rates. From there you can simulate the
       | projected population growth (ignoring migration) with no more
       | than a couple of lines of Python/R/whathaveyou.
       | 
       | It's also a great study case for understanding some basic
       | principles of linear algebra: The dominant eigenvalue is the
       | stable population growth rate, and the corresponding eigenvector
       | is the stable age distribution.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leslie_matrix
        
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       (page generated 2022-04-12 23:01 UTC)