[HN Gopher] What Le Corbusier got right about office space
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       What Le Corbusier got right about office space
        
       Author : simonebrunozzi
       Score  : 146 points
       Date   : 2022-04-12 10:02 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (timharford.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (timharford.com)
        
       | invalidusernam3 wrote:
       | Off topic, but the scrolling on that site is completely borked.
       | Please, for the love of all that is good, don't mess with default
       | scrolling behaviour on websites
        
         | ahaferburg wrote:
         | Try reader mode if you can.
        
       | cudgy wrote:
       | "It should be easy for the office to provide a vastly superior
       | working environment to the home, because it is designed and
       | equipped with work in mind. "
       | 
       | It should be, but most companies offer uncomfortable furniture in
       | an open, noisy room with drab carpet and the stench of burnt
       | coffee and burnt popcorn.
       | 
       | "Few people can afford the space for a well-designed, well-
       | specified home office. Many are reduced to perching on a bed or
       | coffee table. "
       | 
       | Maybe this is true in Silicon Valley, but the rest of the world
       | could easily outfit a corner of a room to a better standard than
       | most corporate offices.
        
         | ouid wrote:
         | >"It should be easy for the office to provide a vastly superior
         | working environment to the home"
         | 
         | There are a number of reasons why this argument doesn't make
         | any sense
         | 
         | -commutes are expensive, and time consuming.
         | 
         | -surveillance produces a worse working experience, but is a
         | major goal of office design.
         | 
         | -A desk with a computer on it is 90% of the way towards a
         | _fully equipped_ office.
         | 
         | -Many modern offices are also built with recreation in mind,
         | equipped with ping pong tables and other such nonsense.
         | 
         | -I have come to believe that the primary business rationale for
         | having people "in the office", is that it makes it harder for
         | you to look for other jobs, and that process means that
         | employees get more expensive.
        
           | odonnellryan wrote:
           | I'm sure there are lots of reasons. Another big reason is
           | real estate. There is a lot of money tied up in these
           | properties.
        
         | bodge5000 wrote:
         | Whilst I was moving out and inbetween places, my "home office"
         | was close to perched on a coffee table, and even that I'd take
         | over a big open plan office (or possibly even my own private
         | office).
        
         | yohannparis wrote:
         | Not necessarily, I live in downtown Toronto, ON, and I rent an
         | apartment for my needs. These needs did not include working
         | from home! I could move and find a better place to allow me to
         | work from home properly, but unless my employer pays for it, or
         | give me a raise to compensate for it, I'll find a better paying
         | job.
        
           | nukemaster wrote:
           | I was working out of a studio apartment until this year and I
           | honestly didn't feel like my WFH set up took up any real
           | extra space:
           | 
           | In the beginning I would use the breakfast bar and just put
           | the laptop up after work. Later on I bought an Ikea arm chair
           | and an end table that just stayed in a corner I didn't use.
           | This is all in addition to the partitioned off area for my
           | side projects that had it's own desk and chair.
        
         | ghosty141 wrote:
         | >but the rest of the world could easily outfit a corner of a
         | room to a better standard than most corporate offices.
         | 
         | I disagree. Most people don't make enough money to have on room
         | they can dedicate to work. In germany where I live rent is so
         | expensive that for a single person a 2 room apartment is the
         | standard. You basically need 3 rooms which means you're paying
         | significantly more rent unless you live in very rural areas.
        
           | hibbelig wrote:
           | My wfh environment is a desk in a corner of the bedroom, an
           | enclosed area about 150cm x 150cm, with walls on two sides
           | and shelves on the other two, with two little gaps for the
           | light.
           | 
           | It's awesome. It feels so comfy. It's got the lighting I
           | like. My chair could be better, but it's okay. I can hide in
           | there.
        
           | brimble wrote:
           | Beating a corporate office, as far as the actual work space
           | itself and if we're talking tech work, doesn't require much,
           | is the thing. A small table with a monitor and keyboard and a
           | pretty-good chair, tucked in a corner, is already better just
           | by being private. Having an entire dedicated room--even a
           | very small one--is _wildly_ better than most tech offices,
           | and is far beyond what you need to have a better working
           | environment.
           | 
           | Hell, the private bathroom alone makes even the working-from-
           | a-coffee-table version competitive with typical tech offices.
        
       | aarghh wrote:
       | Here is a more detailed look at the Pessac story:
       | https://www.philipsteadman.com/blog/life-is-always-right-it-...
        
       | gweinberg wrote:
       | TL:DR Le Corbusier was right when he said life is always right
       | and the architect is always wrong.
        
       | xtiansimon wrote:
       | Architecture article without photos? Meh.
        
       | Marazan wrote:
       | Ah, I did not realise it was from Le Corbusier that the
       | brutalist's obsession with flat roofs came from.
       | 
       | There is no greater symbol of the absolute anti human idiocy of
       | the movement than: A) constructing a flat roof building on the
       | west coast of Scotland (200+ rain days a year) B) declare it a
       | master piece
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/St_Peter%27s_Seminary,_Cardr...
        
         | beaconstudios wrote:
         | There does seem to be a strong cultural thread in architecture
         | that views the profession as more art than design. If I have to
         | live and work in a building, I would much rather it was
         | designed with me in mind than being the architect's expression
         | of personal style.
         | 
         | Edit: to be fair, this criticism could also be levelled at
         | programmers and interface designers.
        
           | arturinios wrote:
           | As someone who is just coming to the end of his architectural
           | education and having worked in the industry for about 7 years
           | now I can say this is largely a problem with academia in
           | arhtecture which sees itself as some kind of pseudo-
           | philosophical subject. Building regulations in most countries
           | that I have worked in, for better or for worse, will not
           | allow for architects to pull off what the modernists or the
           | post modernists did anymore. (This is not to say that there
           | aren't people out there still churning out poorly thought out
           | buildings)
        
             | mikro2nd wrote:
             | "not allow for architects to pull off what the modernists
             | or the post modernists did anymore"
             | 
             | Thank all gods for that!
        
             | beaconstudios wrote:
             | That sounds like architects have been tempered by
             | regulations moreso than having changed ambitions though, am
             | I missing something? My understanding is that the modernist
             | and postmodernist icons were not academics but practicing
             | architects, sometimes both.
        
               | arturinios wrote:
               | Similar ambitions are still there from my anecdotal
               | experience (especially among people in the polar ends of
               | the profession's spectrum ie. the new grads and the
               | veterans) but most architects I meet these days while
               | appriciative of the works of people like Corb and other
               | modernists, completely understand their shortcomings.
               | 
               | But what has really curbed the possibility of anything
               | like those movements to happen again is the neoliberal
               | economics in contrast to the post war socialist policies
               | of the time.
        
         | saalweachter wrote:
         | It's also worth realizing that much of style comes from
         | technology -- an architect makes his name by designing
         | something that couldn't have been built fifty years ago.
         | 
         | Much of 19th century style was built around millwork, because
         | millwork let you use this wide flat boards and linear patterns
         | that were all but impossible to do at scale before.
         | 
         | For the 20th, you had glass, steel and concrete -- because
         | again, there were things you could do with concrete that you
         | just _couldn 't_ before.
         | 
         | So it was back to the beginning of time; you give an architect
         | a flying buttress, and he's going to use it.
        
           | trgn wrote:
           | But the flying buttress solved a need. They wanted to build
           | higher because they wanted to celebrate god in an even more
           | glorious fashion, bringing in more light, more stained glass,
           | more people in front of the altar.
           | 
           | The difference with modernism, which is really a mindset, and
           | so deeply seeped in we barely recognize it anymore, is that
           | technology, in and of itself, is a value. That is why we have
           | the flat roof in Scotland. The value is not keeping the
           | inhabitants dry, or being mindful of long term maintenance
           | issues. Technology, especially high technology, demands its
           | application. That is modernism. It's a curse.
           | 
           | Contrast this very clearly against humanism. Man is measure
           | of all things. Not, as in modernism, that man should adapt to
           | the measure. It's not that technology wasn't valued, but only
           | as a tool, a means to an end. Or a means of understanding, a
           | metaphor. The telescope is an implement of science, not a
           | fetisj. In modernism, the tool is fetishized. The concrete
           | that enabled shaping walls at large scales, now must be
           | everywhere. Why, why would a living space demand that it be
           | harsh, and in odd large shapes? It does not. But because at
           | one point reinforced concrete was high technology, it must.
           | It's a very infantile mindset, like a toddler, who has
           | similar infatuations.
        
         | awiesenhofer wrote:
         | You are mixing a few things here, flat roofs have nothing to do
         | with brutalism in particular or Le Corbusier - they existed
         | long before both. Maybe you meant modernism in general?
         | 
         | Anyway, for anyone wondering about all these flat roofs in
         | modern architecture I recommend watching this video:
         | 
         | Why Do Architects Insist on Using Flat Roofs? - Stewart Hicks
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QW0ydAMVQ2w
        
           | spanktheuser wrote:
           | I do also wonder what people consider modern. As I sit in my
           | flat-roofed 1880's Chicago home. Surrounding block after
           | block of flat-roofed residential buildings housing millions
           | of people, largely constructed between 1872 and 1930.
        
           | Marazan wrote:
           | I find it hard to take seriously someone who is "suprised" by
           | the existence of flat roofs in traditional North
           | African/Mediterranean/Middle Eastern architecture.
        
             | spanktheuser wrote:
             | Why? Do you feel humans should be born with a natural
             | instinct for Mediterranean architecture, much as they are
             | for the supremacy of iterative software development?
        
               | Marazan wrote:
               | I would expect a person who runs an architecture YouTube
               | channel to be vaguely familiar with major styles of
               | architecture, yes.
        
       | pfarrell wrote:
       | I've had a good number of jobs in 20+ years in software. I have
       | had a private office four times.
       | 
       | Once when the business unit was failing and my room only had me
       | in it.
       | 
       | Once when I worked for a small old school family company.
       | 
       | Once when I made principal engineer after years of work in a
       | large-ish company.
       | 
       | And finally now that I'm working from home.
       | 
       | One job I had was really noisy and distracting. Rather than
       | install sound mitigation, I found out the CEO liked it that way.
       | "So it sounded like things were happening."
       | 
       | It's going to take a lot to get me back to a cube farm or open
       | office.
        
         | cwilkes wrote:
         | Now it clicks why cube farms are popular: it is an easy way for
         | managers / owners to feel the excitement of the agora but being
         | up in the box seats they don't have to live or think in it.
        
           | saalweachter wrote:
           | To be honest, I don't mind cube farms per se as much as
           | densification.
           | 
           | As long as you have a certain number of square feet and
           | things aren't bolted down, you can still exercise a certain
           | amount of control over your environment. You can rotate your
           | desk to face a different way, put up pictures or a coat rack,
           | what have you.
           | 
           | It's when you start getting squeezed in the minimal legal
           | square footage that all the options start to go away -- you
           | literally can't move your desk without disrupting the entire
           | floor, you can't add a bookshelf and any plants or pictures
           | need to fit on your suspiciously narrow desk.
           | 
           | Sure, cube farms have many of the other problems of noise
           | pollution, minimal privacy, and bad lighting, but as long as
           | you have your own cube, or a cube with few enough people to
           | haggle over rearranging, and a few extra square feet it's
           | still possible to put your stamp on it.
        
             | elric wrote:
             | My desk is bolted to the floor along with six other desks.
             | If I get much fatter, I'll pretty much be sat on top of my
             | neighbour. At this point, I would gladly get a cubicle, at
             | least they pay lip service to concentration. The open plan
             | office I'm currently in doesn't even manage that.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | The next level of hell is hotdesking aka flex desk
               | (flexible desk), when every day you come to work you're
               | in a different place.
        
             | jsrcout wrote:
             | Our official "return to the office" date is very soon. Our
             | second work site has been folded into the main site, and
             | the cubicles in the main site have been reduced to half the
             | size (in terms of square feet) they used to be, to more or
             | less double the density.
             | 
             | Implementation of the changes had already started when
             | COVID hit. People who have been to the office recently say
             | things like, don't hit your knees where the PC is mounted.
             | 
             | I was fine with our (pretty standard sized) cubes before
             | COVID. But I'm so glad we have the option to continue
             | working from home now.
        
         | sceadu wrote:
         | noise pollution, same as regular pollution... it's an indicator
         | of activity but not healthy for you
        
         | zrail wrote:
         | I've been working from home for almost a decade, two thirds of
         | my career to date. Prior to that I was in either open bullpen-
         | style offices (everyone in a room facing out) or sharing an
         | office with two or three other people. I will never* sign up
         | for an in-office job again.
         | 
         | * unless, you know, I need to feed my family or whatever
        
           | pfarrell wrote:
           | Totally agree and _exactly_ the same asterisk I was thinking
           | of with my pronouncement.
        
         | kcplate wrote:
         | About 5 years ago our company shifted from a more traditional
         | private offices to a wide open "european/tech style" office
         | environment to "to improve collaboration".
         | 
         | I hated it. Too noisy. To much distraction and now the culture
         | of the company seemed to encourage distraction and
         | interruption. I managed to maneuver my way into one of the few
         | private offices just so I could have a door to close. Even then
         | I had to put up a sign that basically said "if the door is
         | closed and the building isn't on fire, don't open it."
         | 
         | In some regards for me the pandemic was a blessing. Fully
         | remote now, company decided to shut down the office in our
         | location and rely on rentable conference space if we need a day
         | together. It's just my wife, dog, and I in a shared office with
         | each of us respectful of distractions. It's bliss. It would be
         | nearly impossible for me to return to an office again. I'll opt
         | to retire first.
        
           | m463 wrote:
           | I hate open office spaces too.
           | 
           | My method of dealing was to eliminate noise with earplugs and
           | headphones.
           | 
           | But visual distraction was more destructive and depended on
           | the orientation of the desk - depending more on luck.
        
       | tristor wrote:
       | Perhaps I am privileged by living in a very low cost of living
       | area, but it was no great difficulty even in the beginning of my
       | tech career to acquire a SFH w/ enough bedrooms that I could
       | dedicate one to being an office. I even have a mini-split AC in
       | my home office so I can keep the temperature at a comfortable
       | working level (cooler) compared to the rest of the house in a
       | cost-efficient manner.
       | 
       | I have no idea who these people are that think a company office
       | intended for hundreds or thousands of people will be a better
       | work environment than private offices per person or dedicated
       | home offices. In my home office, I put significant effort into
       | comfort and ergonomics and it yielded a huge improvement in my
       | quality of life and a cost-savings to my employer due to not
       | needing regular physical therapy for back pain anymore, and
       | solving RSI that would have otherwise required surgery. Yet, if I
       | go into an office to work they buy the cheapest "task chair" they
       | can get and put everyone at tiny minimum spec desks. Even when I
       | had a private office earlier in my career when that was still a
       | thing, the furniture was garbage.
       | 
       | At home, I have a sit/stand desk with electric lift, ergonomic
       | monitor and laptop arms, a nice herman miller ergo chair, an
       | ergonomic mechanical keyboard, and a vertical mouse, with
       | everything properly adjusted by an ergo consultant I hired. I've
       | never seen a company that would be willing to provide a similar
       | setup, even setting aside the privacy and quiet aspect of a
       | dedicated office vs cube/open. At the end of the day, company
       | office space is expensive and management cost optimizes by
       | reducing worker quality of life. I'd much rather they allow
       | permanent remote work and pass the cost savings on to workers by
       | covering the cost of ergonomic equipment. I've now been
       | permanently remote for almost a decade, and I will never go back
       | to the office.
        
       | anonu wrote:
       | An article on architecture with no pictures is a tough read.
        
         | eternalban wrote:
         | Here are the pictures, before and after.
         | 
         | http://arts-plastiques.ac-besancon.fr/2018/03/03/la-cite-fru...
         | 
         | Having those pictures included in the article would make a
         | mockery of its content and intended points (whatever it was).
         | Would any sane person object to the renovation from that
         | squalid state to a bright and inviting building? Were those
         | "modifications" sound or was poor Corbu overestimating the
         | occupants (his actual error as an architect).
        
       | chetanbhasin wrote:
       | I almost thought this article was about the film "Office Space."
        
       | bouvin wrote:
       | I am a huge fan of Le Corbusier - here's a page about Cite Fruges
       | de Pessac (the text may be in French, but the pictures are not!)
       | [1]. For anyone entertaining thoughts about functionalist
       | architecture only being boxes, I turn your attention to the
       | beautiful Notre Dame du Haut in Ronchamp [2].
       | 
       | [1] https://www.pessac.fr/a-decouvrir/tourisme-
       | patrimoine/cite-f...
       | 
       | [2] http://www.alluringworld.com/notre-dame-du-haut/
        
         | dr_dshiv wrote:
         | May I ask why? He always struck me as someone a bit
         | disconnected from how humans actually work. Stewart Brand has a
         | show about all the changes people had to make his buildings
         | livable.
         | 
         | * edit: I hadn't read the article! It's awesome
        
           | brohee wrote:
           | The show was made after his book.
           | 
           | The book is on archive.org https://archive.org/details/howbui
           | ldingslear00bran_0/page/n5...
           | 
           | His videos are on YouTube
           | https://www.youtube.com/user/brandst/videos
        
           | bouvin wrote:
           | I suppose that I have always found his designs very
           | beautiful. (I also happen to enjoy the aesthetics of (good)
           | brutalist architecture).
        
           | drstewart wrote:
           | >May I ask why? He always struck me as someone a bit
           | disconnected from how humans actually work
           | 
           | While it's popular to dump on Corbusier today, especially
           | with the hindsight of history and what we know about urban
           | planning now (and I mostly agree with it), you have to look
           | through the lens of what he was working with at the time.
           | City centers were areas of blight, not hip places with third
           | wave coffee shops on them. Waterfronts were dilapidated
           | docks, not pleasant beaches with views of the sea.
           | 
           | On the flip side, cars were new, shiny, and free of any of
           | the negative connotation we see in them today (traffic,
           | pollution, noise). Any infrastructure built to support them
           | was fresh and efficient.
           | 
           | It's no surprise that you'd have some people going all in on
           | the latter. In hindsight, it turns out to be unfortunate that
           | viewpoint won so thoroughly in the US.
        
         | _dain_ wrote:
         | >For anyone entertaining thoughts about functionalist
         | architecture only being boxes, I turn your attention to the
         | beautiful Notre Dame du Haut in Ronchamp [2].
         | 
         | It's hideous.
        
         | andrewzah wrote:
         | The exterior of the Notre Dame du Haut is simplistic, not
         | beautiful (although the slope of the roof is nice). The
         | interior design is striking in its layout, but overall both are
         | ugly due to the materials used.
         | 
         | This building looks like a first draft of the final design, and
         | really does not deserve to be used for religious purposes.
        
           | AlanYx wrote:
           | >This building looks like a first draft
           | 
           | The crazy thing is that Le Corbusier spent months on the
           | design of the south wall. It wasn't a rushed project at all;
           | this was late career Le Corbusier at the height of his
           | creative vision.
           | 
           | To me the south wall looks externally like a knock-off
           | computer with a bunch of random ports, but that may just be
           | personal idiosyncrasies.
        
             | andrewzah wrote:
             | I assume that these projects took time and effort, but the
             | finished results look to me like a half-baked render, like
             | someone just forgot to finish the job.
             | 
             | I'm not a fan of much of Le Corbusier's works, if any.
        
         | Zababa wrote:
         | Notre Dame du Haut looks nice, but it's also the worst looking
         | religious building I've seen in France aside from a few other
         | "modern churches".
        
           | brimble wrote:
           | I was like "this isn't so bad" but then I got to the photo of
           | all the mis-matched bizarre windows on one side, like someone
           | totally screwed up editing a house in The Sims. Yikes. It
           | looks like the architectural version of painting yourself
           | into a corner and just giving up and letting that part be
           | screwed up, rather than rethinking the whole thing to fix it.
           | 
           | The... steeple, I think it's meant to be? Also kinda looks
           | like a mistake, rather than something done on purpose.
           | 
           | The inside's OK but I concur with it still being one of the
           | uglier "nice" churches I've ever seen. Overall looks like
           | it'd be better as, I dunno, part of a monastery or something?
           | Maybe Tony Stark's vacation home or something, from the
           | better angles.
        
             | Zababa wrote:
             | It's not really bad, but the average church is very
             | beautiful.
        
               | brimble wrote:
               | Yeah, absolutely, I liked several of the photos quite a
               | bit. They didn't really say "church" to me, mostly--maybe
               | a really cool library?--but part of it's just that most
               | "nice" churches are _really_ pretty, so the competition
               | 's stiff. Given some of the reactions in posts, I
               | actually expected it to be a lot worse than it was.
        
             | davidivadavid wrote:
             | "My son could paint that" vibes.
             | 
             | Hacker News art criticism at its best.
        
               | brimble wrote:
               | _Shrug_
               | 
               | Absent context I'd definitely take the mismatched-windows
               | exterior shot as the result of something like the
               | Internet-famous time that amateur (in Spain, I think?)
               | tried to restore a painting of Jesus.
               | 
               | [EDIT] My point is, if someone told me some other parts
               | of the building were a mistake, much less something like
               | the Sistine Chapel, I'd be like "no way". That particular
               | view of the building? Someone told me it was a mistake,
               | I'd be like "haha, yeah, clearly, hope they fix it so it
               | doesn't keep dragging down the rest of the building"
        
       | axiomsEnd wrote:
       | The part about workers reacring really bad to forced
       | rearragements reminds me of a time, when company removed flowers
       | from my desk. Somehow this hurted more than bad micromanager and
       | problematic coworkers. Edit : Everyone could have flowers and
       | they were given by the company earlier. Just mine dissapeared.
        
       | janandonly wrote:
       | Interesting remark:
       | 
       | > Le Corbusier's Pessac is now viewed as an architectural
       | success. The picket fences and the pitched roofs and the garden
       | gnomes are gone, and his original vision is restored. I wonder if
       | Le Corbusier himself would have approved of that. The very fact
       | that his designs were so easily modified was, arguably, their
       | strength. When he was told about the garden gnomes of Pessac, he
       | replied, "You know, life is always right; it is the architect who
       | is wrong." Managers should remember that.
        
         | KarlKemp wrote:
         | Street View:
         | https://www.google.com/maps/place/Cite+Fruges,+33600+Pessac,...
         | 
         | It's somewhat run-down, if not poor. But it doesn't strike me
         | as being particularly terrible. It seems to have had quite a
         | bit variety even from the start.
         | 
         | Compare to what may have been the alternative, right across the
         | train tracks:
         | https://www.google.com/maps/place/Cite+Fruges,+33600+Pessac,...
        
           | ghosty141 wrote:
           | Like others have mentioned, it's not impressive if you look
           | at it like something built in the 70s/80s but they are ~100
           | years old by now which makes it quite impressive in my
           | opinion.
        
       | beaconstudios wrote:
       | There's a fundamental conflict of interest between workers and
       | managers, and given that managers have all the power, they
       | usually win. Workers want control in the form of autonomy,
       | managers want control in the form of bureaucracy. A good manager,
       | in my mind, devolves as much control as they can down to the
       | workers while maintaining enough bureaucratic control to satisfy
       | those above them.
       | 
       | Of course, that only applies to the traditional hierarchical
       | organisation - there are much more worker-friendly organisational
       | structures organised around autonomy for the individual and
       | democracy for the collective, like the VSM [1] and cooperatives
       | [2]. Of course, we don't see them very often because people
       | usually found companies to control for themselves.
       | 
       | 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viable_system_model
       | 
       | 2: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperative
        
       | DrBazza wrote:
       | With the hindsight of history I find Le Corbusier vastly
       | overrated. It just seems that in the land of the blind, the one-
       | eyed man is king, and that was certainly true in that era.
       | 
       | I can appreciate that it was "hey, here's a new material, and new
       | techniques, let's see what we can do", but it all went a bit to
       | far with Brutalism.
       | 
       | To be honest, we're back at that point again over the last couple
       | of decades with office buildings that are largely glass exteriors
       | where the current glut of architects are putting "frilly bits" on
       | the buildings to make them a bit less bland, but at the same time
       | making them look very much "of the moment".
       | 
       | As for current homes, in the UK, at least, the architecture has
       | never been blander. Boring boxes with 2 car spaces and a bit of
       | grass out the back. In terms of the article, I don't see how
       | modern homes can be given much extra character by the owners
       | versus those designed by Corbusier mentioned in the article. If
       | anything modern house architecture is at a worse, lower point
       | than in previous years.
        
         | makeitdouble wrote:
         | It could be the same trend as in fashion: a huge chunk of the
         | population cares way less about social signaling and extra
         | character, especially when it comes with more maintenance cost
         | and no more functionality.
         | 
         | This is an article that I find sums well the issues, even as
         | the author is I think more aligned with your views and wished
         | for more "Architecture" as Art.
         | https://www.lifeofanarchitect.com/architecture-form-function...
        
           | DrBazza wrote:
           | Interesting article. You're right, I guess, I prefer
           | architecture as (classical) art. My preferred architecture is
           | largely anything Art-Deco or earlier, and most buildings (not
           | necessarily houses) built in the late 80s-90s (oddly,
           | specific, I know). The brutalist stuff in London (the South
           | Bank, the Barbican, QEII centre, and so on), I'd pull down in
           | an instant if I were in charge (which is probably a good
           | reason for me not to be in charge of anything tbh).
        
       | jules wrote:
       | I don't understand this article. Le Corbusier is the epitome of
       | the opposite: architecture that architects love, but that the
       | people who have to live or work in it hate. The article attempts
       | to shift the blame to managers, but there is hardly a better
       | example of forcing stuff onto people against their will than Le
       | Corbusier and his disciples. That Le Corbusier's Pessac is now
       | viewed as an architectural success says more about the standards
       | of contemporary architecture than about Pessac. Here's a picture
       | advertising the place: https://media-
       | cdn.tripadvisor.com/media/photo-s/0e/f7/9d/67/... Is that
       | supposed to be a grand achievement of one of the most famous
       | architects?
       | 
       | So what exactly did Le Corbusier get right, according to the
       | article? "The very fact that his designs were so easily modified
       | was, arguably, their strength." -- this is what fans of Le
       | Corbusier always praise him for, and it always sounds really bad
       | to me. The main strength of the architecture is that you have to
       | radically change it to make it liveable...? That he said "You
       | know, life is always right; it is the architect who is wrong."
       | when people made radical changes? I guess that's more laudable
       | than trying to fight the change, but also a very low bar.
        
         | somenewaccount1 wrote:
         | You have to read to the last line where he points out the
         | takeaway for managers:
         | 
         | "Life is always right;it's the architect that is wrong" -Le
         | Corbusier
         | 
         | Ergo, make sure employees retain some control.
        
           | coldtea wrote:
           | > _" Life is always right;it's the architect that is wrong"
           | -Le Corbusier_
           | 
           | Well, he was 100% the opposite of that in pracrice. Forcing
           | the architect's will.
        
             | ajkjk wrote:
             | That's the opposite of the point here.
             | 
             | > The very fact that his designs were so easily modified
             | was, arguably, their strength.
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | Well, most weren't. They stand looking as bad/gloomy and
               | unlivable decades after as they did their first day.
        
               | rhn_mk1 wrote:
               | That doesn't detract anything from the observation, even
               | if true.
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | That's fine, since my point wasn't that the idea is
               | wrong, but that "he was 100% the opposite of that in
               | practice".
        
           | simonebrunozzi wrote:
           | And you should read @jules' full comment, because that
           | sentence is mentioned at the end of the comment.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | > So what exactly did Le Corbusier get right, according to the
         | article? "The very fact that his designs were so easily
         | modified was, arguably, their strength." -- this is what fans
         | of Le Corbusier always praise him for, and it always sounds
         | really bad to me. The main strength of the architecture is that
         | you have to radically change it to make it liveable...?
         | 
         | Some famous architects make/made terribly unusable buildings
         | that were also hard to modify to make usable. Having a famous
         | architect that contemplates that his design may not be correct
         | is amazing progress.
         | 
         | His work tends to be utilitarian and not visually exciting
         | (especially earlier work); but avoiding load bearing walls and
         | having lots of windows was innovative and useful. Although,
         | apparently the occupants found too much light and added
         | shutters.
        
           | atoav wrote:
           | Designing architecture in such way it can be easily changed
           | when down the line inevitebly the usage changes is a value in
           | itself. A big chunk of architecture IMO suffers from
           | architects _thinking_ they know how living or working is
           | supposed to look like and push that ideology onto others
           | while most often the offices of that architect look
           | suspiciously different..
           | 
           | I work in a building from an era that preceeds Modernism and
           | adapting the building to anything other than was originally
           | 250 years ago envisioned is a nightmare of limitations,
           | reshuffles and regulations, a stairway that goes down into an
           | hallway just to go up on the other side. Accessability
           | nightmare etc.
        
             | a9h74j wrote:
             | > Designing architecture in such way it can be easily
             | changed when down the line inevitebly the usage changes is
             | a value in itself
             | 
             | Reminds me of a building influenced/designed by Christopher
             | Alexander. IIRC there was a 2D array of unformly spaced ca
             | 6x6in wooden beams -- to mount walls/dividers etc against
             | as needed.
        
         | noneeeed wrote:
         | It's a very light article with a title that over-promises.
         | 
         | The fact that Pessac was easily modified appears to be
         | accidental, and the article finishes with a passing comment by
         | LC that I wholeheartedly agree with, but doesn't really amount
         | to much.
         | 
         | Feels like something dashed off to somehow prove a point?
         | 
         | I very much like Tim Harford's reporting when it comes to
         | statistics and numbers in life and the news (his More Or Less
         | radio programme/podcast is great) and his older stuff on
         | economics, but his more recent obsession with "cautionary
         | tales" (the title of his other podcast) frequently seems to
         | involve stories that are superficially interesting but
         | frequently fail to convince me that they have a strong point.
        
           | 4gotunameagain wrote:
           | > The fact that Pessac was easily modified appears to be
           | accidental
           | 
           | Why is it accidental in your opinion?
           | 
           | Corbusier's _Five Points of Architecture_ [1] specifically
           | dictate free design of f.x. the ground plan, in order to
           | facilitate further modification.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le_Corbusier%27s_Five_Point
           | s_o...
        
             | noneeeed wrote:
             | The accidental thing seemed implied by the article, that
             | the changes were an act of "resistance", rather than
             | something that was designed for.
             | 
             | My comment was more a criticism of the article than of Le
             | Corbusier, whose work I mostly like (much more so than many
             | contemporary architecture). A better article would have
             | pointed to those 5 points, rather than simply repeating one
             | pithy quote, which seemed to be the entire supporting
             | evidence.
        
         | aphroz wrote:
         | That's not the best picture of it. There are better pictures
         | here: https://www.archdaily.com/940878/le-corbusiers-cite-
         | fruges-l...
         | 
         | And this was built more than 100 years ago.
        
           | achikin wrote:
           | Looking at the pictures I can't tell what's exactly wrong
           | with those buildings.
        
             | brimble wrote:
             | The fronts looked to me like they were unfinished or had
             | been really, really badly renovated. Those back photos look
             | much better.
        
           | wongarsu wrote:
           | At least from the outside these are pretty cool buildings if
           | you give them a pressure wash and maybe add a couple more
           | windows.
        
           | recuter wrote:
           | They were building pretty spiffy stuff 100 years ago: https:/
           | /en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Frank_Lloyd_Wright_wor...
        
             | flr03 wrote:
             | Those are not exactly factory workers housing though.
        
               | recuter wrote:
               | He never got to make it:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadacre_City
               | 
               | https://franklloydwright.org/revisiting-frank-lloyd-
               | wrights-...
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | Most of what I saw of him feels cold and failed. That said the
         | "cite radieuse", when inside, felt cozy, original and well
         | built (from walls, orientation thus lighting, heating). People
         | living there said they were very pleased.
        
           | pharke wrote:
           | Agreed on the Cite Radieuse, the hallways are what I wish all
           | apartment building halls looked like. Essentially interior
           | streets, two stories high with apartment windows facing onto
           | them, large windows to the exterior, benches or places for
           | people to sit and enjoy the sunlight and meet their
           | neighbors. The highrise as the modern incarnation of a
           | village with all of the communal charm would be a delight. ht
           | tps://i.pinimg.com/originals/84/79/92/84799263a8dfa6fef6bf...
           | 
           | Completely impractical since every developer will choose the
           | standard closed in, windowless and unadorned hallway because
           | it is the cheaper option.
        
             | ohwellhere wrote:
             | That's gorgeous, thank you for sharing. It's a bit silly to
             | say, but I'm not sure I knew what a hallway could be before
             | seeing that picture.
        
             | agumonkey wrote:
             | > Completely impractical since every developer will choose
             | the standard closed in, windowless and unadorned hallway
             | because it is the cheaper option.
             | 
             | That's one theory I've heard a few times, it served as a
             | basis for urban renewal in the 60s but dumb down on every
             | level to the point of being rapidly unliveable (cue the
             | movies about housing project blues that came soon after)
        
               | trgn wrote:
               | Urban renewal was the realization of Le Corbusier's
               | ideology at a large scale. It really was his vision.
               | Focussing on a detail whether corridors have light or
               | not, I think is somewhat of a diversion.
               | 
               | Urban renewal did not fail because it was done cheaply,
               | or dumbed down (which it was). It failed because it was
               | fundamentally the wrong approach to city building.
               | 
               | We're still living with the consequences. Our current
               | built environment is modernist; mediated by technology,
               | planned, bureaucratic.
               | 
               | It's due time Le Corbusier is getting his comeuppance. It
               | took a long long time. The first criticism were in the
               | 70s, but postmodernism could not get beyond pageantry.
               | And when I was in college 20 years ago, modernism was
               | still venerated in the architecture departments, because
               | the architect-as-god remained so appealing (btw Ayn Rand
               | was similarly infatuated, it's an odd quirk of history
               | how both communism and libertarians found common ground
               | in this one domain). It's slowly fading. I think the dyke
               | is going to break, and we'll put Le Corbusier where he
               | belongs. A hugely influential misanthrope, who made
               | categorically bad architecture.
               | 
               | (also really sad, because early in his career, Le
               | Cobusier's single family homes were really quite
               | appealing).
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | I kinda disagree, a little bit. You can live happily in a
               | big housing project, as long as some basics are there. No
               | noise, not too dense, some green spaces and also a fair
               | owner. Lots of buildings failed because owners stopped
               | caring, so everything rot, and people here didn't help
               | either. Some of my family lived in these and it felt ok
               | enough. Some other projects 500m for them became no-go
               | zones. Quite surprising.
               | 
               | That said I'm not pro big-structures[0], I understand it
               | spoils the area too much. Near my town, an ex no-go zone
               | has been replaced by smaller buildings, that was enough
               | to regrow a peacefulness that left for 30 years. It's
               | walkable, the woods nearby are walkable, almost shocking.
               | 
               | [0] even though, I still love them for some reasons
        
               | trgn wrote:
               | tbf, I do agree with you. For sake of argument, "big
               | housing project", is just another name for "big apartment
               | building". And I agree that many places do "big apartment
               | building" quite well.
               | 
               | But "big apartment building" only works well in a big
               | thriving city, within its existing fabric. Not as in,
               | let's raze the city, and put a big building in this new
               | empty space. And I think Le Corbusier was explicitly
               | about the latter.
        
               | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
               | LC was - somewhat credibly - accused of fascist
               | sympathies.
               | 
               | https://brill.com/view/journals/fasc/6/2/article-p196_196
               | .xm...
               | 
               | Urban renewal wasn't necessarily the wrong solution in
               | itself.
               | 
               | The 18th and 19th centuries weren't necessarily any
               | better at humane building. In the UK postwar worker
               | housing stock was _terrible_ - outside toilets, little or
               | no insulation, no central heating, and often poorly
               | built.
               | 
               | So blocks were a solution of sorts. But they usually were
               | poorly built and unimaginatively designed, optimised for
               | low cost, but with no practical understanding of
               | community or community spaces.
               | 
               | A typical UK block has some decorative grass around it,
               | but that's it. There's no common space, no common
               | facilities, and no colour or texture.
               | 
               | Later renovations which add at least some of the above
               | are more popular and have fewer social problems.
        
               | trgn wrote:
               | Thanks for that link. I don't know about his personal
               | thoughts, but just judging from his work, LC's
               | architecture certainly had a fascist tinge, in the sense
               | that through that kind of architecture man submits to
               | authority. A-tower-in-the-park is a very authoritarian
               | top-down way to house people. There was also his
               | exaltation of destruction, to create a clean slate from
               | which a new architectural order can arise, and fascists
               | certainly appreciate violence as a force of change.
               | 
               | Just do deviate a little from LC in particular. But both
               | communism and fascism are the political realizations of
               | modernism, in that they only can function through the
               | mediation of high technology.
               | 
               | In communism, equity is achieved through perfect
               | bureaucracy; the system of production and wealth
               | reallocation being a well-oiled machine, perfectly
               | transparent and predictably manipulated. It is in
               | communism, that humans completely submit to the machine
               | the most.
               | 
               | In fascism, dominion is achieved through incessant
               | violent action. Technology is the necessary lever to
               | maintain dominance over the enemy. It is in fascism that
               | humans submit to their leader, exhilarated by their
               | shared power through technology (Tanks! Bombs! Nuclear
               | Reactors!)
               | 
               | Since no technology is perfectly reliable, or
               | technological dominion is never guaranteed, both are
               | doomed to fail.
        
               | syntheweave wrote:
               | There's a commonality between modernism and the
               | realization of an the industrial mass consumer society in
               | the 20th century that transcends the ideological divides
               | of the time. Factories, warehouses, office buildings,
               | tower blocks, shopping malls, highways and suburbs all
               | have the same rationales of mass production economics
               | beating at their heart. A skyscraper is simply a "people
               | warehouse".
               | 
               | In this respect the gradually growing criticisms of
               | modernism and the fraying of the postwar political order
               | go hand-in-hand. A criticism of a one-size-fits-all
               | lifestyle equally applies across the fascist/communist
               | spectrum, and the "Californian ideology" that SV
               | represented drove a stake into it by standing up for the
               | individual, albeit in an amoral, Randian sense: cool toys
               | for those who could afford them, digital sharecropping
               | for the rest. The highly provisioned, toy-like offices of
               | Google etc follow from that premise.
        
             | brimble wrote:
             | That hallway gives me strong middle school vibes. Or maybe
             | that one older building on a university campus.
        
             | bobthepanda wrote:
             | I think the bigger thing would be accessibility.
             | 
             | In the US all units in a new residential building with an
             | elevator must be adaptable for accessibility. If each
             | individual apartment was two floors then each would need
             | accommodation for an elevator or staircase lift.
        
             | HFguy wrote:
             | Is that just the first floor or is every floor like that? I
             | can't find pictures of what the interiors of the apartments
             | look like.
        
               | pharke wrote:
               | > Inside, wide corridors ("streets in the sky") run along
               | the central long axis of every third floor of the
               | building. Each apartment lies on two levels, such that
               | the room on one side of a corridor belongs to the
               | apartment that is mostly below the corridor floor, while
               | that on the opposite side belongs to the apartment above.
               | On those floors without corridors, the apartments stretch
               | from one side of the building to the other, and each has
               | a balcony on the western side.
               | 
               | If you search for floorplans of it, it looks like there
               | are also interior corridors but I think every apartment
               | has access to one of those wide corridors. I'm not sure
               | what the point of having both interior and exterior
               | corridors is, I would think it would be better to get rid
               | of the interior corridor and give the extra space to the
               | exterior one.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%C3%A9_d%27habitation#L
               | a_C...
               | 
               | Edit: Well this is disappointing. After further research,
               | it looks like that corridor is just the main one and the
               | rest of the floor have dark, internal corridors and then
               | enclosed balconies. What a missed opportunity, imagine a
               | whole building full of corridors like the ones in the
               | image, if you're going to build two story apartments then
               | why not do it that way?
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | Can't say for sure but here's a 15min video with a tour
               | of it https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=J-ISAAZsq4Y
        
             | clairity wrote:
             | chapman court in LA was originally built with that kind of
             | hallway on the 2nd floor of a series of work-loft spaces
             | (studio below, living space above). i got to see it via an
             | LA Conservancy tour a few years back. unfortunately, i
             | couldn't find pictures of the hallway, but here are promo
             | pages for the recent renovation with some other pictures
             | ('creative offices' in the 2nd shows one of the loft
             | interiors):
             | 
             | https://kfalosangeles.com/project/chapman-court/
             | 
             | https://www.ottodesigngroup.com/07_chapman-court
        
         | wwalexander wrote:
         | Le Corbusier was also partly responsible for the American ideal
         | of the ultra-zoned, socially-stratisfied, car-centric city. Le
         | Corbusier saw society as a machine, not an organism, and his
         | work reflects this outlook; a comprehensive plan for alienation
         | and the decay of community.
        
       | probably_wrong wrote:
       | > _The Chiat-Day office redesign has become a notorious
       | cautionary tale, warning what happens when style is put ahead of
       | substance and hot-desking goes too far_
       | 
       | I had never heard about this "cautionary tale", so I dug around a
       | bit and found this Wired article [1] plus some pictures of the
       | tiny lockers for the "dog pictures, or whatever" in this other
       | article [2]. I'm not sure I would take it as the final nail in
       | the coffin for the open-office concept, seeing as some of the
       | problems are no longer relevant (such as not enough mobile phones
       | for everyone), but it's an interesting article nonetheless.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.wired.com/1999/02/chiat-3/
       | 
       | [2] https://workplaceinsight.net/a-just-in-time-lesson-about-
       | off...
        
         | scrumper wrote:
         | I found that too. It's relevant today I think, as office-based
         | companies start to think about hybrid futures.
        
       | Spooky23 wrote:
       | I wouldn't attribute this to the triumph of modern architecture.
       | More a really obvious lesson that even when faced with hideous
       | modern architecture, people with agency will make do.
       | 
       | I spent several years working in a monumental modernist building.
       | The place succeeded in its primary design goals: glorifying the
       | architect and patron. Some of the exteriors & public spaces were
       | not hideous. But the buildings as a place to work were awful and
       | not fit to purpose.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | brohee wrote:
       | I honestly expected a blank page, as a statement.
        
         | awiesenhofer wrote:
         | Turn off JS and you're almost there! Ok, it will load the
         | header and footer but apparently also displaying a text-only
         | article without Javascript is asking too much (Reader mode
         | works though)
        
       | mschuster91 wrote:
       | > Few people can afford the space for a well-designed, well-
       | specified home office. Many are reduced to perching on a bed or
       | coffee table.
       | 
       | For what it's worth I actually prefer a bed or sofa. Way more
       | flexible and less painful if your back is shot.
        
       | MivLives wrote:
       | Been interesting coming back to the office. The office I work in
       | is seven floors of open office. Everyone up to and including the
       | CEO has the same desk. A standing desk (6 feet wide, white), dual
       | monitor arms hosting some combination of 24 inch 1080p panels, or
       | 27 1440p panels, file cabinet (white, top made to be sat on), and
       | chair (black, mesh back, fabric bottom). Before the pandemic you
       | found your way around by decorations provided by the workers.
       | "Take a left at the Darth Vader cardboard cut out, if you see the
       | tiki hut you've gone too far".
       | 
       | Since coming back though all those decorations are gone. The
       | place feels even more lifeless then before. Part of this because
       | many people just aren't coming in, and partly because a lot of
       | people have moved to WFH, or another company. I don't think those
       | decorations are ever coming back, and it sure feels a lot worse.
        
       | motoboi wrote:
       | I can't recommend enough the book Cubed. It's the history of the
       | idea of the office.
       | 
       | The evolution of the open plan is told in a fascinating way, but
       | also the origin of the office worker.
       | 
       | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/18209337-cubed
        
       | bocytron wrote:
       | > You know, life is always right; it is the architect who is
       | wrong.
       | 
       | I find this quote very interesting and resonates with UX
       | engineering as well.
        
       | alvah wrote:
       | Theodore Dalrymple's article on Le Corbusier sums up the hubris
       | of modern architects & modern architecture: https://www.city-
       | journal.org/html/architect-totalitarian-132...
        
         | nemo44x wrote:
         | It's not only hubris but also dehumanizing. It's just so
         | detached from how people want to live and in many cases
         | amplified social problems and dysfunction.
        
       | anm89 wrote:
       | Of course, blame the people who had to live in the houses and
       | modified them to be livable for not understanding the architect's
       | vision, not the architect for designing houses people hated
       | living in so much they felt they needed modification before
       | living in them.
        
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