[HN Gopher] Closure of 3M chip coolant plant could upset semicon...
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       Closure of 3M chip coolant plant could upset semiconductor sector
        
       Author : tomohawk
       Score  : 54 points
       Date   : 2022-04-10 17:16 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (taipeitimes.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (taipeitimes.com)
        
       | DSingularity wrote:
       | Is out true that this one factory is the source of 80% of all
       | semiconductor manufacturing coolant? This sounds horrendous.
        
         | javajosh wrote:
         | Sure, but I bet there are a lot of things like that. It's
         | probably even a "reverse power law", and something that
         | neoliberal capitalism is actually really good at dealing with.
         | I bet right now this minute there is a lot of money talking
         | about what it would take to spin up an alternative, not because
         | they're nice, but because there are big profits available when
         | demand is high, and supply low.
        
           | arrosenberg wrote:
           | You did a great job of making the case against neoliberal
           | capitalism. Why should anyone tolerate a system that
           | incentivizes hostage taking? It makes far more sense to have
           | a working government that goes "hey, we need to diversify
           | this sector" and creates the proper incentives for capital to
           | chase.
        
             | csdvrx wrote:
             | > It makes far more sense to have a working government that
             | goes "hey, we need to diversify this sector" and creates
             | the proper incentives for capital to chase.
             | 
             | Except governments have no incentive to look at such
             | opportunities in advances.
             | 
             | A capitalist company has a profit motive to look at
             | everything that can go wrong, and react accordingly and
             | quickly.
             | 
             | See the MTT GPU as an example of such response: they bought
             | PowerVR when it made sense to.
             | 
             | Now GPUs are in shortage because there are priced too low,
             | because they have only 2 manufacturers who don't want to
             | get a bad reputation of "predatory pricing".
             | 
             | New entrants may care less, and even a GPU that's only
             | competitive to the 1070 may sell if it's more easily
             | available.
             | 
             | I do not think a bailout of PowerVR would have had such
             | results. It may also have come with strings attached,
             | reducing the flexibility needed.
        
           | wonnage wrote:
           | I remember reading something similar with China's dominance
           | of rare earth elements - the US has plenty of mines but it
           | costs too much to mine them _and_ the entire rest of the
           | supply chain is in China, so there's not much domestic demand
        
             | Borrible wrote:
             | Rare earths aren't rare, they're dirty.
             | 
             | But the Chinese don't care. One reason why they can offer
             | them cheaper. No one cares how the stuff is produced there.
             | Expendable environment, expendable worker.
             | 
             | https://www.heritage.org/defense/commentary/rare-earth-
             | eleme...
        
       | sschueller wrote:
       | You can't tell me they didn't have enough time to switch to an
       | alternative. Such environmental regulations takes time and don't
       | just show out of the blue.
       | 
       | Maybe we should be asking how toxic is this coolant that such a
       | plant was forced closed by new regulations?
        
         | tomohawk wrote:
         | It would be great if you could dig up more information to back
         | up this assertion instead of just assuming motives and facts
         | not in evidence.
        
         | nickff wrote:
         | Creating a new option, certifying it for different processes,
         | and getting it into full production takes a long time and costs
         | a lot of money. The semiconductor industry has made a variety
         | of inconvenient changes (I.e. photoresists) in the past for the
         | purpose of reducing toxicity.
         | 
         | I suspect that this is a more challenging problem than you
         | think.
        
           | madengr wrote:
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | Also raises the question: if 3M can't contain the stuff, then
         | how can we be sure that Asian fabs can?
        
           | bsder wrote:
           | There is a big difference between containing 10 gallons and
           | containing 10 tons.
           | 
           | There is also a big difference between containing the product
           | and _manufacturing_ the product.
           | 
           | To be fair, it doesn't sound like 3M was trying very hard to
           | contain this--they mostly seemed to just be dragging their
           | feet and doing business as usual.
        
         | gopalv wrote:
         | > Maybe we should be asking how toxic is this coolant that such
         | a plant was forced closed by new regulations?
         | 
         | The article says PFAS, but I'm going to guess it is
         | Flourinert[1].
         | 
         | The whole thing about fluorinated hydrocarbons is that it can't
         | burn through oxidation.
         | 
         | Probably a very hard thing to swap out without compromises on
         | fire hazard or corrosion.
         | 
         | [1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorinert
        
           | mensetmanusman wrote:
           | They can burn, they just break down very slowly (PFAS half-
           | life's can range by over 5 orders of magnitude depending on
           | the type).
        
           | legulere wrote:
           | Wikipedia lists FC-70, FC-72 and FC-75 as compounds of
           | Flourinert. With my limited school understanding of chemistry
           | those all look like they have perfluoroalkyl-parts and
           | therefore fall under the PFAS definition.
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | Extremely pure fluorine-based gas is used as dry etchant to
         | produce gas phase SiF4 during pattern etching.
         | 
         | Periodic table does not have many alternatives to fluorine :)
         | 
         | Waste can be dealt with, but society needs a good tariff system
         | to prevent groups from bypassing costs...
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | "If we refuse to do anything, they'll have to back down."
        
         | ars wrote:
         | That's the thing - it's not very toxic, that's why it's used.
         | 
         | But it's toxic enough that when it builds up it causes problems
         | that are very difficult to detect.
         | 
         | Finding a less toxic alternative isn't easy - it took decades
         | to discover the toxicity of the current chemical, specifically
         | because its toxicity is so low.
        
           | CamperBob2 wrote:
           | _Finding a less toxic alternative isn 't easy - it took
           | decades to discover the toxicity of the current chemical,
           | specifically because it's toxicity is so low._
           | 
           | Maybe, just maybe, and work with me here, it's _not that big
           | a deal._ Treating everything as if it were plutonium isn 't a
           | sustainable way to move humanity forward.
           | 
           | Anathema to the EU's way of thinking, certainly... yet
           | defensible from an objective point of view.
        
             | darkmarmot wrote:
             | The problem is that it virtually never goes away, keeps
             | building up in the environment, and results in ever greater
             | levels of toxicity over time.
        
               | CamperBob2 wrote:
               | What would be a good resource to look up symptoms of
               | fluorocarbon toxicity? Unless/until you burn them, my
               | understanding is that these are some of the most
               | chemically-inert substances in common use.
        
           | bsder wrote:
           | Is the problem the end chemical or the intermediary waste
           | stream?
           | 
           | Even if the end result is inert, there are probably a _LOT_
           | of waste byproducts that are pretty nasty--this is fluorine
           | chemistry, after all.
           | 
           | If the site is just dumping those, that's going to be bad.
        
       | laydn wrote:
       | At this point, it feels like chipmakers are just eager to find
       | yet another excuse to slow down production.
       | 
       | This plant closure appears to have been in the works for several
       | years so it is unfathomable that the chipmakers are not prepared
       | for this.
        
       | BaseballPhysics wrote:
       | For context, this has been going on for quite some time.
       | 
       | As this article notes, the problem itself has been known for 4-5
       | years now:
       | 
       | June 2021: https://www.brusselstimes.com/news/belgium-all-
       | news/175007/p...
       | 
       | > Flashback: In 2017, a chemical known as PFOS was found to have
       | been discharged from the 3M plant into the soil. The discovery
       | was made when works started on the Oosterweel project, a massive
       | public works project designed to complete the Antwerp ring-road
       | on the western side, to link the port to the motorways network.
       | 
       | > The discovery was made by the contractor BAM, now known as
       | Lantis, and an agreement was reached with 3M on how to proceed.
       | 
       | Goodness knows how they could go 4-5 years only to discover that
       | the planned remediation, which they were only set to start
       | putting in place in July of last year, was not allowed under
       | their environmental regulations.
       | 
       | Next, September 2021: https://www.startribune.com/3m-under-fire-
       | in-belgium-over-co...
       | 
       | > The notice essentially warns 3M that Flanders deems the company
       | to be violating its environmental regulations, and demands that
       | 3M engage with its regulators to discuss remediation, abatement
       | and the creation of a fund to pay for environmental damages and
       | potential health damages.
       | 
       | November 2021: https://www.morningstar.com/news/dow-
       | jones/202111014178/3m-s...
       | 
       | > 3M Co. on Monday said it has idled some production at a plant
       | in Belgium after the Flemish environmental agency issued a safety
       | measure barring emissions of certain toxic chemicals from the
       | facility.
        
         | throwaway0a5e wrote:
         | >Goodness knows how they could go 4-5 years only to discover
         | that the planned remediation, which they were only set to start
         | putting in place in July of last year, was not allowed under
         | their environmental regulations.
         | 
         | Because what is and isn't allowed depends a lot on whether your
         | paperwork crosses the bureaucrat's desk just before lunch on
         | Monday or just after lunch on Friday.
         | 
         | They probably had all sorts of preliminary oks and then got
         | denied at the 11th hour because internal political winds
         | changed in whatever office they were dealing with.
        
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       (page generated 2022-04-10 23:01 UTC)