[HN Gopher] MIT graduate students vote to unionize
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       MIT graduate students vote to unionize
        
       Author : Metacelsus
       Score  : 547 points
       Date   : 2022-04-09 12:15 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (thetech.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (thetech.com)
        
       | Simon_O_Rourke wrote:
       | I know of one tenured professor in a pretty big East Coast
       | college who spends his time finding graduate students about to
       | launch a start-up, and then demands 20% equity or threatens said
       | students for working on commercial projects on college time. Guy
       | is easily a multi millionaire through this alone right now.
        
       | einpoklum wrote:
       | Unionization, especially academic workers' unionization, and
       | double-especially junior, untenured researcher unionization is
       | ultra-important.
       | 
       | The recent couple of centuries, especially the last one, have
       | brought an increased application of commercial-corporation-type
       | relations into academia, with graduate researchers and teachers
       | being the object of degradation of both material welfare and
       | intra-academic status. I wrote about this when I was involved in
       | unionizing grads in my own university - not in the US, but still:
       | 
       | https://app.box.com/s/osnf6xfqgqgvmnat6ldq
       | 
       | (or in Hebrew: https://app.box.com/shared/l3iypqd2yi )
       | 
       | I wish the MIT grads all the best in their struggle. However,
       | when looking at their "Path to unionization" page:
       | https://mitgsu.org/roadmap , I am worried they are too timid of
       | an endeavor. They write:
       | 
       | > The real goal of the campaign is to secure a union contract
       | 
       | A contract is never the goal. Just like signing an employment
       | contract as an individual is not the goal - the employment
       | conditions, and the relations and standing in the workplace - are
       | the goal. A contract is at best a means to reach the goal, and at
       | worst - a fetish. I've seen many a unionization drive fixate on
       | negotiations and a contract, not on building "shop-floor" power,
       | on the individual and collective level. When grads walk around
       | knowing that mistreatment by administration or supervisors will
       | result in harsh collective action by their peers - from public
       | shaming of those involved to work disruption if necessary,
       | contract or no contract - that's when things have changed. But if
       | what you get is a link to a piece of paper saying that in theory
       | you can seek some arbitration somehow, but in practice your daily
       | life remains the same, then you haven't gained much.
        
       | dalbasal wrote:
       | For a non-american with no union experience.
       | 
       | What's the what with these teamsters, UE & such? What does it
       | mean that they choose to unionize with one of them?
        
       | mac-chaffee wrote:
       | The lack of protections for graduate student workers is shocking
       | IMO, especially in student housing.
       | 
       | Grad student workers of course don't get paid vacation, sick
       | time, or anything like that. But you can't even just lower your
       | hours since you're paid with a fixed stipend.
       | 
       | Contracts may be largely 20 hours per week, but they have all
       | kinds of carve-outs where the university can force you to work up
       | to 30/40 hours, like at the start and end of the year and during
       | on-call (which is also 100% unpaid), taking time away from exams.
       | 
       | And universities mismanage the hell out of grad students, such as
       | only giving purchasing power to one person instead of having
       | backups. Or having horrible on-call coverage where you can expect
       | 3+ calls per night, many of which are pointlessly mandated
       | "escalations".
       | 
       | All of these problems can be fixed so easily (time off, on-call
       | pay/coverage), but an enormous administration with a toxic
       | culture of "No" prevents progress.
        
         | tomohawk wrote:
         | Universities are subject to very little oversight and
         | regulation.
         | 
         | They basically are selling a luxury good to very
         | unsophisticated buyers (you can't get much less sophisticated
         | than the average 18yo). A lot of what they are selling will not
         | be worth the time or money put in.
         | 
         | Instead of subsidizing them like crazy, the government should
         | be looking into their dodgy practices.
        
       | some-human wrote:
       | In the UK, most students are members of their universitys' branch
       | of the National Union of Students.[1]
       | 
       | The unions have a big presence on campus and a bar with heavily
       | discounted drinks and organise a lot of the social clubs and
       | events that happen outside of the study.
       | 
       | They also negotiate with the university and faculty, fighting for
       | students, and you can get individual advise and help too.
       | 
       | Enrolling to the student union usual happens almost automatically
       | when you turn up and register for your dorm, classes and doctors
       | etc.
       | 
       | The staff of the university (academics, lecturers, trainers,
       | instructors, researchers, etc) tend to belong to The University
       | and College Union.[2]
       | 
       | I didn't know this was abnormal in other countries?
       | 
       | [1] https://www.nus.org.uk/ [2]
       | https://www.ucu.org.uk/article/1685/About-UCU
        
         | joeberon wrote:
        
         | jrochkind1 wrote:
         | It is abnormal in the _USA_. The USA is not a very typical
         | place, so probably should not be taken as representative of
         | other countries, or even other rich countries.
         | 
         | I suspect a similar kind of student organization is normal in
         | Europe as well as the british commonwealth, at least, but I'm
         | not sure.
         | 
         | It is not how it works in the USA.
        
         | ImaCake wrote:
         | We used to have the same system in Australia but it was
         | abolished by our centre right party (Liberals). The result has
         | been an erosion of student rights and tertiary education
         | quality.
        
         | nabla9 wrote:
         | A student's union is not the same as a labor union. The
         | student's union represents students.
         | 
         | This is a labor union representing graduate student-workers who
         | are employed by MIT.
        
           | some-human wrote:
           | Again, The staff of the university (academics, lecturers,
           | trainers, instructors, researchers, etc) tend to belong to
           | The University and College Union.[2]
           | 
           | If they are employed by the university in the UK, they
           | typically belong to this union.
        
         | j7ake wrote:
         | Phd student salaries in uk are probably the worst in the
         | developed world. The student union in uk hasn't been doing a
         | good job to make salaries competitive with other countries at
         | the PhD level.
        
           | omginternets wrote:
           | I'm curious, what's the going rate? I was a phd student in
           | France circa 2013 and the salary was 1.3kEUR/month.
        
             | joshvm wrote:
             | Currently about 16.5k tax free. If you live in London you
             | get slightly more, and if you're an STFC-CASE student you
             | get more again (total of around 20k in London). It equates
             | to somewhere between 19-22k if you were paying income tax.
             | For anywhere outside London and Oxford/Cambridge (where
             | rents are also extremely inflated) it's a fairly liveable
             | wage. Shared housing pretty much anywhere else is in the
             | range of 500 a month, possibly a bit less in the North of
             | England. UK citizens generally don't have to pay tuition
             | fees directly, they're all rolled into the PhD "grant".
        
           | xhkkffbf wrote:
           | Exactly. Unions end up becoming chums with the university
           | admins. The students come and go but the admins are around a
           | long time. Eventually the university just turns the union
           | into a lower tier of management that effectively keeps all of
           | the students in line. The admins learn which "issues" are
           | favored by the unions and which issues hold sway with union.
           | Then when they want to fire someone, they just frame it as an
           | issue about which the union doesn't care.
        
         | WWWWH wrote:
         | This is true, and they are valuable. But a students union is
         | best thought of as a very distinct sort of organisation; they
         | are not the same as a labour union.
         | 
         | (You obviously know this, but it may help prevent some
         | misleading comparisons down the line...)
        
           | some-human wrote:
           | This is why I continued that people (including students) who
           | are employed by the university are typically members of The
           | University and College Union.
           | 
           | This includes "lecturers, trainers, instructors, researchers,
           | managers, administrators, computer staff, librarians and
           | postgraduates in universities, colleges, prisons, adult
           | education and training organisations across the UK."
        
         | chaircher wrote:
         | The health of the student union is a very good litmus test for
         | the culture of the university. Anyone looking to study at
         | university in the UK should check out the student union and try
         | to gauge how independent it is from the institution and whether
         | they're actually active as a union or just an extension of the
         | university's student experience department.
         | 
         | Can you find out much about the history of the SU at the
         | intitution?
         | 
         | The names of previous people elected into officer positions?
         | 
         | What sort of jobs do those people have now?
         | 
         | Do you get a feeling like they might have used the officer
         | roles to maneuver into those jobs rather than to actually
         | advocate for students? (hint: SU Officers doing their jobs
         | properly will be in conflict with faculty staff and see the
         | worst of the institution, and therefore are not very likely to
         | want to hang around after graduation)
         | 
         | Are multiple officers taking credit for the same achievement
         | (campaign, event, milestone)?
         | 
         | Is there a good spread across demographics among the officers?
         | 
         | Do they get training? What do they say about their training?
         | 
         | What's going on on their social media? Does it feel like it's
         | being used to market the university?
         | 
         | Source: was an SU rep
        
       | temp8964 wrote:
       | When I was a graduate student, I always thought I had a good
       | deal, where I learn graduate degree for free, AND got a living
       | stipend for me and my wife. The relationship between me and the
       | university was two folded: I am a customer as a student and an
       | employee at the same time. And I think student was my main role.
       | And my advisor was mostly my teacher, instead of my work boss. I
       | don't think you can turn this relationship into purely an
       | employer-employee relationship.
       | 
       | You can separate the two relationships by making the university
       | pay the whole salary, and then you pay the tuition from your bank
       | account. You can ask for higher wage, but the university can ask
       | for higher tuition. I think the low tuition has already having
       | this factored in, otherwise how can you get a 2-year / 4-year
       | work training program with such low price?
        
         | SamoyedFurFluff wrote:
         | The thing is this is great if you and your advisor get along.
         | If your advisor decides to blackball your academic career
         | instead there's nothing you can do.
        
         | Ar-Curunir wrote:
         | Most PhD "students" stop taking classes by the 2year mark (out
         | of a five year PhD in CS, longer for other fields), and spend
         | the rest of their time doing full-time research and teaching,
         | without getting paid full time.
         | 
         | And while your advisor does not necessarily act like a boss,
         | they have often even more power; they can withhold funding,
         | which can stall or end your PhD, they can assign you dead-
         | end/inconsequential projects, killing your career, etc. It does
         | no service to anyone to not acknowledge the power differential
         | that exists between advisors and advisees.
         | 
         | In general the current academic research model has positives
         | and negatives for grad students, and it benefits no one to
         | pretend the negatives don't exist.
         | 
         | This is coming from a person who had a wonderful PhD experience
         | and has received offers for TT positions from top universities
         | in the US (I say this not to brag, but to ward off accusations
         | of sour grapes)
        
         | sjg007 wrote:
         | It's really an employee-employer relationship with on the job
         | training. Specifically your final promotion is a certificate
         | (Ph.D.) that has some industry wide accreditation.
         | 
         | The fact that they charge for tuition actually seems legally
         | tenuous (akin to a company town) which is why I think they all
         | have these tuition waivers for RA and TA positions.
         | 
         | The more I think about it, it seems like there is a bunch of
         | legal issues. Maybe Congress has resolved those idk...
        
           | caddemon wrote:
           | A big reason they charge tuition and then credit it is
           | because it leads to more grants. There's a bunch of bizarre
           | accounting between schools/departments/labs behind all this,
           | but at the core my school "charges" tuition, then my
           | department immediately "credits" the tution using NIH
           | training grant money awarded to my program.
        
           | temp8964 wrote:
           | > It's really an employee-employer relationship with on the
           | job training.
           | 
           | I don't think so. When I was a Ph.D. student, I spent most of
           | the time doing my own thing (learning and research), a small
           | portion of my time was spent on working. I imagine this could
           | be different by field, and I know some other departments pay
           | way higher stipend than my department.
           | 
           | I think the lowest paid graduate students belong to social
           | sciences and humanities, but their "work" as graduate
           | students also has lower value compared to other fields. They
           | are also the ones with strongest push for unionization,
           | because they (maybe for good reason) are the lowest paid and
           | because their ideology.
        
             | dls2016 wrote:
             | Did you talk to students in biological or other lab
             | sciences? At my PhD institution the materials science
             | students were paid a lot more (and barely taught) because
             | they essentially had a 9-5 job with plenty of overtime.
             | 
             | (Compared to the math department where people would surf
             | between commitments.)
        
               | temp8964 wrote:
               | Yes. What you said does not contradict what I said.
        
         | jrochkind1 wrote:
         | At most US universities, graduate students who are serving as
         | employees (ie, have stipends and perhaps assigned work in
         | addition to coursework such as teaching) generally have tuition
         | waivers too and don't pay tuition. So your formula about
         | tuition vs compensation doesn't really apply in the individual
         | case.
         | 
         | Anyway, depending on when you were a graduate student, it may
         | currently be a lot harder than it used to be to survive
         | financially as a grad student.
         | 
         | Also wanting things like reasonable health insurance and a
         | modicum of days to take off on vacation or sick leave seem
         | reasonable to me. This is not something all grad students at
         | all universities/departments have.
         | 
         | In general, at many large universities, graduate students do
         | _most_ of the teaching (in terms of hours spent on instruction)
         | -- what is bringing in a substantial amount of the university
         | 's revenue. And get treated terribly, at the whims of
         | professors, in very financially precarious situations. It does
         | not seem unreasonable to me to organize to try to get a more
         | secure situation. If you look at the actual changes in
         | university budgets, the amount spent on compensating those
         | doing the teaching is a smaller and smaller portion over time,
         | while the amount spent on administrators is higher and higher.
         | So it might be just as accurate to consider money spent on
         | compensating grad students as competing with administrator
         | salaries as with tuition.
        
       | bognition wrote:
       | I'm very curious to see what the long term effects of unionizing
       | will be in Academia. I'm hopeful and optimistic it will improve
       | things in the long run. Yes there will be some unintended
       | consequences but academic life is already very rough if you're
       | not tenured.
       | 
       | Academia likes to cast itself as a true meritocracy. If you work
       | hard and publish good papers you'll do well. In practice it's
       | more of a gerontocracy where senior members can single handedly
       | destroy a young investigators career. (It happened to me and I
       | saw it happen to several people). There is little to no recourse
       | against this.
       | 
       | Arguments against unionization from already tenured faculty
       | usually sound like: "If you want to be the best in your field you
       | have to work harder than everyone else. Forming a union won't
       | change that fact and may even discourage students from working so
       | hard. This might interfere with their career goals."
       | 
       | However, the power structures in academia are heavily skewed and
       | toxic. Individually graduate students have little recourse when
       | they are wronged. Life in academia is hard. You have to work long
       | days, the chance of success is very low. At every stage the
       | probability of getting that next job is very low.
       | 
       | A lot of the field agrees that something needs to change, but no
       | one can agree exactly what needs to change or how to get there.
       | The people with the power are the tenured professors who "won the
       | lottery" and are out of touch with the problems they are causing.
       | They aren't going to be the mechanism of change even though they
       | hold all the power.
        
         | PaulHoule wrote:
         | The intensity of the competition is severe enough to make it a
         | toxic situation even if the established scientists were
         | completely ethical about it.
        
         | giaour wrote:
         | Aren't non-contingent faculty already mostly unionized through
         | AAUP?
        
         | wardedVibe wrote:
         | The UC grad students have been unionized for decades, and just
         | added gsr positions in addition to the teaching positions.
         | Mostly right now it serves to protect student's research time
         | from heavy teaching requirements.
         | 
         | But honestly, professors are also increasingly far away from
         | the levers of power to create more permanent positions. There's
         | a lot of bureaucrats making decisions who are mostly
         | accountable to themselves.
        
         | namelessoracle wrote:
         | Its interesting that the people who create and encourage this
         | system so fervently push for major social reforms and claim
         | their social theories will create better societies.
        
         | mhh__ wrote:
         | In an ideal world I think unionization at least has the
         | potential to fight back against the "One bad letter of
         | recommendation and your career is over" aspect. Whether it will
         | work or not I have no idea.
         | 
         | There is simply way too many questions on the academia
         | stackexchange about how to confront a superior without making
         | them feel confronted (or wrong). The power dynamic is ugly.
        
           | xhkkffbf wrote:
           | But why? It's a supply and demand issue. When demand is high
           | and supply is low, the hiring committees will definitely look
           | over one or more bad letters. But when supply is high (as it
           | is most of the time thanks to overproduction), well the
           | hiring committee will choose the best package deal.
           | 
           | I'm sure the university will be happy to claim that they'll
           | discount bad letters just because it will be politically
           | helpful, but as long as the hiring committee sees them all,
           | it won't matter. They'll choose the best package.
           | 
           | Not that it matters, because most of this happens by word of
           | mouth. I've seen professors write glowing letters of
           | recommendation to cover their butt. Then they privately bad
           | mouth the person.
        
         | 2ion wrote:
         | > However, the power structures in academia are heavily skewed
         | and toxic. Individually graduate students have little recourse
         | when they are wronged. Life in academia is hard. You have to
         | work long days, the chance of success is very low. At every
         | stage the probability of getting that next job is very low.
         | 
         | A "research precariat" is what keeps German universities going
         | as well. This is an international issue; even the OECD seems to
         | have studies on the subject. Would be interesting to see a
         | cross-country comparison of who really has the "best"
         | universities --- or university systems, as this kind of issue
         | does not tend to be specific to one institution.
        
         | musicale wrote:
         | > Individually graduate students have little recourse when they
         | are wronged
         | 
         | Changing supervisors without 1) losing your funding and/or 2)
         | having to start over on your dissertation is extremely
         | difficult at many universities.
         | 
         | As a result, academic supervisors wield excessive power over
         | their graduate students.
        
         | bumblebritches5 wrote:
        
         | anonymousDan wrote:
         | I think your view on unionization is very US centric. In the UK
         | at least there is a university union. In fact it is currently
         | striking over a range of issues (mostly related to pension
         | cuts).
        
           | gbjw wrote:
           | In Canada as well (e.g., York is known to have a strong
           | 'activist' graduate union that periodically shuts down
           | classes over labour disputes).
        
         | actually_a_dog wrote:
         | Forget having their careers destroyed. The fact is that most
         | people who graduate with a PhD _will not have_ an academic
         | career on the tenure track, and it 's really easy to see why
         | once you pay attention to what's going on.
         | 
         | The thing is that academia is not a growing field anymore. So,
         | if a professor graduates more than one student, they're feeding
         | a glut of candidates who will be competing for one job at some
         | point. For instance, in the field of engineering as a whole,
         | 7.8 students graduate with PhDs per professor over the length
         | of an average academic career [0]. In environmental
         | engineering, that number is a whopping 19.0! (Also from [0]).
         | 
         | As a graduate student, once you realize the field isn't
         | growing, you can actually see the phenomenon at work. Just look
         | around in all your classes. That same handful of people you see
         | in most of your courses, especially those leading into your
         | intended specialty, those people are probably your competition.
         | Now multiply that by every university in the country that
         | teaches in your specialty. You very quickly come to the
         | conclusion that you'll probably have to wait for someone to
         | either retire or die before you get an academic position, and
         | that's actually 100% the truth.
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | [0]: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4309283/
        
           | ModernMech wrote:
           | It's true that it's hard to get an academic job, but it's not
           | true in all industries. In CS for example we've been hiring
           | constantly for years and our searches are often not
           | successful.
           | 
           | Moreover not everyone who graduates with a Ph.D. wants on the
           | tenure track, and universities are increasingly creating non
           | tenure roles to meet this demand. I'm not on tenure track and
           | I don't think I'm missing much compared to my TT
           | counterparts. I don't even want tenure, it's not at all what
           | it's cracked up to be.
           | 
           | Your citation also leaves a lot to be desired. From your
           | link:
           | 
           | > Nowadays, less than 17% of new PhDs in science, engineering
           | and health-related fields find tenure-track positions within
           | 3 years after graduation
           | 
           | Two of the things we ask during hiring are:
           | 
           | - "How is your research agenda different from your
           | advisor's."
           | 
           | - "What funding agency will you target for your first grant
           | proposal and what research will that be based on?"
           | 
           | Most newly minted PhDs cannot answer those questions
           | satisfactorily. It sometimes can take 2-3 years doing a
           | postdoc to be able to find a suitable research agenda that is
           | sufficiently differentiated from your advisor's.
           | 
           | Moreover:
           | 
           | > We recognize that in using a simple model, several
           | parameters that are not part of our analysis may pose
           | limitations (Ghaffarzadegan et al., 2011). One consideration
           | is that many engineering doctorates are not interested in
           | academic positions and may not even compete for tenure-track
           | positions in academia. Another consideration is that some
           | engineering graduates are foreign citizens who take academic
           | positions outside of the USA.3 Another factor is inter-field
           | hiring. Engineering doctorates might obtain positions in
           | other fields such as science or business, which would also
           | diminish the gap.
           | 
           | Okay, so they discount people who don't want to work in
           | academia, and also foreign students who won't work in
           | America. I'm sorry but what? Foreign students who won't be
           | working in America after they graduate are most of our
           | students. Probably 70% of our grad students right now (and
           | the situation can't be much different at MIT). It's pretty
           | hard to take this paper seriously when they just handwave all
           | that away and say "but in the steady state..."
           | 
           | And then the grand conclusion of the article is to throw up
           | their hands and say (paraphrasing) "there's probably nothing
           | we can do about this so we just have to be more forthright
           | with students about their prospects." Okay then...
           | 
           | I'm not saying it's not hard to get an academic job, but at
           | the same time the measure shouldn't be academic tenure track
           | jobs. There are lots of non-TT positions across the country
           | at top research universities, SLACs, and community colleges.
        
         | jasode wrote:
         | _> Arguments against unionization from already tenured faculty
         | usually sound like:_
         | 
         | An argument against a union at MIT came from _un-tenured
         | graduate student_ Kevin Wang :
         | https://thetech.com/2021/10/21/why-we-do-not-need-a-gsu
         | 
         | TLDR: he didn't think paying the 1.44% annual union dues
         | (~$620/year) is going to be worth it. He based this on
         | comparing MIT salary increase history to other universities
         | with and without unions.
         | 
         | Also, KW was previously in Germany & UK so he's presumably
         | familiar with the stronger worker unions in Europe.
         | 
         | The MIT union vote was 66%-for and 34%-against. The 34% have
         | various reasons to not join a union but I think we can guess
         | that many of them think the $620/year salary deductions will
         | not be worth whatever benefits the union can negotiate.
         | 
         | I'm not saying KW is right but I think it's more constructive
         | to consider the opinions of MIT grad students who actually vote
         | (e.g. Kevin Wang) rather than your synthesized quote from
         | tenured professors. The collective bargaining unit will
         | negotiate with _university administrators_ (not the tenured
         | professors) who set salaries etc.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | It IS interesting to note that if most unions went dues-
           | optional they'd starve from lack of money.
           | 
           | If their members were really convinced of the value that
           | tragedy of the commons wouldn't occur.
        
             | Redoubts wrote:
             | > If their members were really convinced of the value that
             | tragedy of the commons wouldn't occur.
             | 
             | It's called a Tragedy for a reason.
        
             | aidenn0 wrote:
             | If you made tolls on a toll road optional, the road owners
             | would not be able to keep up with maintenance, yet I think
             | most drivers value the road...
        
               | nautilius wrote:
               | So what's this 'road' in your analogy that was installed
               | by the union, that wasn't there before, and that
               | introduced _a lot_ of utility, comparable to a road?
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | wardedVibe wrote:
             | The tragedy of the Commons is when there is a public good
             | that, if most people contribute, everyone gets back more
             | than they put in, but because it's rational for each person
             | independently to not contribute (since it isn't strictly
             | necessary for them in particular), it fails to happen.
             | 
             | You know, like not contributing your Union dues.
        
             | ProjectArcturis wrote:
             | No, it's because if dues were optional, the only game-
             | theory-efficient outcome is that no one pays dues.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | light_hue_1 wrote:
           | Kevin's entire argument made zero sense. And thank God
           | everyone worked so hard to convince people not to listen to
           | him. Stipend increases are a function of places like NIH who
           | set a lot of people's stipends. The union can and does get
           | benefits in many other places. Like healthcare, better mental
           | health services (which are bad at MIT), stipend increases for
           | the lowest paid students, limits on how much you work as a
           | TA, etc.
           | 
           | He gives Columbia as an example. The new Columbia contract is
           | great! https://www.washingtonpost.com/education/2022/01/07/co
           | lumbia... $100 million in extra spending for students over
           | the next 4 years.
           | 
           | > The 34% have various reasons to not join a union but I
           | think we can guess that many of them think the $620/year
           | salary deductions will not be worth whatever benefits the
           | union can negotiate.
           | 
           | Well.. they are wrong.
           | 
           | If you look at unions like University of Michigan or
           | University of Toronto the healthcare benefits they get
           | compared to MIT are worth more than $620/year. The MIT grad
           | student healthcare plan is very bad and expensive. And the
           | working conditions as a TA are not good compared to other
           | places. You have very few protections as a TA. For example, I
           | know someone who was forced to teach an extra section for no
           | additional pay, because another TA had to leave for medical
           | reasons. That's totally unacceptable and would never fly at
           | UMich or UofT.
        
         | toomuchtodo wrote:
         | It sounds like the situation is pretty terrible already and
         | hard for it to get worse; might as well try a union so these
         | folks suffer less from a broken system.
         | 
         | Versus the alternative, "we've tried nothing and we're all out
         | of ideas."
        
         | canjobear wrote:
         | I doubt that a union could do much against the alleged toxic
         | aspects of academia that you are pointing out. There's nothing
         | they can do, for example, to change the fact that tenure track
         | jobs are rare, which is what drives a lot of the stress for
         | grad students.
         | 
         | More likely they will be involved in labor disputes involving
         | how much TA work the grad students have to do.
        
           | bognition wrote:
           | Correct but they can advocate for other types of positions
           | and intervene when a university fails to educate students
           | about non academic jobs.
        
         | light_hue_1 wrote:
         | We know exactly what the long term effects are because some
         | grad schools have been unionized for 50 years.
         | 
         | The effects are: slightly better working conditions, slightly
         | less discrimination, slightly better healthcare. Just look at
         | what say, the grad student union at University of Michigan is
         | able to gain for their students.
         | 
         | Neither apocalyptic nor utopian predictions are anywhere near
         | the mark.
        
         | topaz0 wrote:
         | While it's not particularly widespread, there are places in the
         | US where grad students have been unionized for decades. The
         | Universities of Michigan and Wisconsin are two of the oldest,
         | dating from the 70s iirc. As a grad student falling under the
         | collective bargaining agreement for the University of Michigan,
         | I feel pretty good about it. Not only do they pay us pretty
         | well and give good healthcare, but the union has been essential
         | in making the administration set up better-than-average covid
         | policies, like free asymptomatic testing and non-retaliation
         | for choosing to work remotely (sometimes). There are also a ton
         | of corner cases where subpopulations of the grad students have
         | a specific issue, where the union has been a very good
         | advocate.
        
         | zitterbewegung wrote:
         | Teacher assistants or graduate assistants have been unionized
         | at UIC [1]. I have noticed that they have gone on strike a few
         | times. Unfortunately anything you are hopeful of achieving
         | doesn't seem to have changed at all.
         | 
         | The best choice of my life was not going back to school. I
         | think I might do it through my employer but at this point I
         | just do machine learning as a hobby.
         | 
         | The problem with grad school in general is the fact that other
         | than being a gerontocracy is that the optimal strategy for
         | scientific research requires more failures than successes and
         | getting tenure becomes more and more difficult because other
         | than people living longer you don't need more professors
         | instead you just need more TAs / GAs to teach people and
         | educate people to get the people to keep the system working.
         | 
         | Right now Mathematics (specifically Calculus) makes money for a
         | college and or university in contrast to psychology, philosophy
         | and other humanities don't. If this was automated then
         | Mathematics will have less and less professors and or grad
         | students so if the current trends continue then we will
         | probably only see computer science professors dominating
         | universities.
         | 
         | [1] https://uic-geo.net/mainsite/
        
           | amathres_info wrote:
           | The UIC grad student union is pretty effective at keeping
           | their teaching hours to under 20 hours per week (so, you
           | complain to them when there's too much grading). But the
           | stipends there are among the lowest of good math departments,
           | certainly lower than many non-unionized places. How much of
           | this is due to the union being ineffective vs UIC being broke
           | and poorly run I don't know. [Source: I used to teach math at
           | UIC]
           | 
           | Overall I am not really convinced grad student unions really
           | make much of a difference in practice, at least as far as
           | everyday stipends and working conditions. I am at a non-
           | unionized place now and we don't work the students any
           | harder. But in principle it's certainly a good idea, and I
           | have indeed seen the union be a useful advocate in certain
           | special situations.
        
             | zitterbewegung wrote:
             | UIC has been underfunded for so long that it is a joke. I
             | don't even think that they even budget that kind of thing
             | anymore and just accept the fact. But, the computer science
             | college is going to have a building dedicated to computer
             | science due to the fact that a bunch of alumni are funding
             | it directly. I personally gave around $100 but I would
             | guess many other alumni will give much more.
        
         | robwwilliams wrote:
         | Tenure does not provide much protection in biomedical research
         | --only funding. In fact at top tier institutions tenure is
         | almost meaningless often with <50% salary guaranteed even with
         | a teaching load.
         | 
         | I think the abuses of seniority are much less than in the past
         | --both wrt extraneous labor (hey, help me paint my house) to
         | sexual pressures.
         | 
         | Re unionization---its complex and a function of teaching load
         | as a TA versus, class work as a student, versus your own
         | research with mentors.
        
         | lumost wrote:
         | What society wants from Academia isn't something you can grind
         | for. Ground breaking research and great education isn't
         | something that comes from working 80 hours a week (most of the
         | time). I'd also suspect that the vast majority of effort in
         | academia is dedicated to simply pleasing the whims of those
         | with power/funding.
         | 
         | A union might increase productivity by both
         | 
         | a) De-stressing those who are actually _doing_ the work of
         | academia. Ensuring that they are financially taken care
         | including living wages, sustainable working hours, and stable
         | employment.
         | 
         | b) Reducing the need/available time for academic make-work.
         | 
         | c) Negotiating with funding bodies to correct lop-sided funding
         | policies where students are funded but researchers are not.*
        
           | Barrin92 wrote:
           | >Ground breaking research and great education isn't something
           | that comes from working 80 hours a week (most of the time).
           | 
           | is there much evidence for this claim? If one takes a look at
           | the habits and biographies of groundbreaking researchers they
           | all have one thing in common, they have dedicated virtually
           | their entire time to work.
           | 
           | Looking at countries with exceptional educational outcomes
           | broadly you see the same thing, time and resources spent on
           | tutoring and schooling is extremely high.
        
             | lumost wrote:
             | > biographies of groundbreaking researchers they all have
             | one thing in common, they have dedicated virtually their
             | entire time to work.
             | 
             | I'd argue that most ground breaking researchers had the
             | benefit of researching their own ideas for prolonged
             | periods. Putting in 40 hour a week on your own ideas for
             | 10+ years is an awful lot of time. Many ground breaking
             | researchers such as Feynman and Einstein had extended
             | sabbaticals of one kind or another which lead to their best
             | work.
             | 
             | It may be out of ignorance, but I'm not aware of any famous
             | researcher who accredits their success to an 80 hour work
             | week.
        
               | icelancer wrote:
               | >> It may be out of ignorance, but I'm not aware of any
               | famous researcher who accredits their success to an 80
               | hour work week.
               | 
               | One of the greatest mathematicians ever, Paul Erdos,
               | absolutely did - to the point of using methamphetamines
               | to work harder, longer, and sharper.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Erd%C5%91s
               | 
               | Greatness is rarely healthy.
        
               | DoughnutHole wrote:
               | We're also in an era where groundbreaking research is
               | seldom done by lone unicorn researchers expanding on a
               | stroke of genius.
               | 
               | The Nobel Prizes are still awarded to individuals but
               | often only because that's how Nobel decided the prize had
               | to work over a century ago. Prizes are most of the time
               | awarded to the heads of research groups who's discoveries
               | are made of the backs of dozens of researchers and
               | graduates often working 80 hour weeks, and in some cases
               | hundreds or thousands of technicians.
               | 
               | The only prize that regularly meets the lone genius
               | researcher trope is when the physics prize is awarded to
               | a theorist (partially since it can't go to the hundreds
               | of physicists responsible for verifying the theory).
               | 
               | Newton could see so far from standing on the shoulders of
               | giants, the modern researcher can see so far from
               | standing on the pyramid of overworked untenured
               | researchers.
        
               | lumost wrote:
               | > Newton could see so far from standing on the shoulders
               | of giants, the modern researcher can see so far from
               | standing on the pyramid of overworked untenured
               | researchers.
               | 
               | On the flip side, is this partially responsible for the
               | declining productivity of science? We're effectively
               | tying brilliant new talent to the whims of elders.
               | ultimately as anyone who runs a large organization will
               | tell you - you aren't going to get ground breaking work
               | from a large org.
               | 
               | Do we need more diffuse science?
        
               | DoughnutHole wrote:
               | I don't really know if there's a way it could diffused -
               | the reality on the ground is that cutting edge science
               | requires cutting edge resources, and since advances are
               | made on the margins major breakthroughs require knowledge
               | across so many areas that one person can't possible be a
               | specialist in everything involved. Both of those aspects
               | mean most major research requires a significant
               | concentration of resources to even be feasible.
        
         | rr808 wrote:
         | > In practice it's more of a gerontocracy
         | 
         | Right, unionization will just make this worse. Protect the
         | insiders, those already with jobs.
        
         | jancsika wrote:
         | > I'm very curious to see what the long term effects of
         | unionizing will be in Academia.
         | 
         | My friend, today you get to actually experience what sci-fi
         | writer Frank Herbert called "Traveling without Moving:"
         | 
         |  _The year is 2022._
         | 
         |  _A virus wreaks havoc on the nations of the world._
         | 
         |  _A lone free software warrior named gorhill roams the internet
         | to fight for justice, protect the underdog[1], and block
         | ads[2]._
         | 
         |  _At UC Davis (and possibly other schools) the grad students
         | have been unionized now for at least two decades._
         | 
         | 1: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kung_Fu_(1972_TV_series)#Plot
         | 
         | 2: https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/ublock-
         | origin/cjpa...
         | 
         | 3: https://uaw2865.org/about-our-union/
        
         | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
         | It is interesting that you used word 'gerontocracy', because it
         | is the same word used by Thiel to describe current true owners
         | of US financial system. I certainly do not disagree. I think
         | some fresh blood is needed -- and not just in there or
         | academia, but also on just about every political level.
         | 
         | I am personally kinda done with people, who don't understand
         | basic technology. They should be retired. They should not have
         | any real influence on what the current generation is doing.
        
         | rmatt2000 wrote:
         | Academia (in the U.S. at least) is one of the last vestiges of
         | the old master / apprentice system.
        
           | musicale wrote:
           | I thought we'd gotten rid of indentured servitude, but grad
           | students are locked into years of absurdly low pay[1] and an
           | extremely asymmetric power relationship with their
           | supervisors. Add in the increased risk for depression and
           | suicide and it really doesn't seem like a great gig.
           | 
           | [1] Engineering students at least. Humanities students are
           | paid just a bit less than the minimum wage they'll be earning
           | after graduation.
        
         | xhkkffbf wrote:
         | Even though I think many senior academics are often terrible
         | jerks and sometimes capable of behavior that borders on
         | criminal, I don't see unions as being much of a help at all.
         | 
         | I've been soured recently by one big event that happened at a
         | place where I sometimes work. One guy was accused of doing
         | something unwoke in his time off the job. Normally, this guy
         | was a big union booster and even a union rep in some
         | negotiations. It turns out, though, that didn't matter because
         | the other union reps wanted his promotion. He had zero
         | relationship with the management because he was frequently
         | aggitating for this union cause or that union cause. So when
         | push came to shove, the management hated him and they were able
         | to cite the lack of support of his so-called union buddies as
         | proof that he was bad.
         | 
         | I think students think that the union will bring them some kind
         | of lightweight version of tenure. It could help in a few
         | negotiations or some extreme cases, but I think that all too
         | often it will just be another layer of self-interested semi-
         | managers who are just as corruptable as the regular managers.
        
         | _huayra_ wrote:
         | We were discussing a potential hire at work a few days ago who
         | suddenly turned down the company's offer for another company
         | despite our team being his "dream place to work" and promising
         | to not make a sudden decision without talking with us first.
         | 
         | Turns out he was basically forced to go to this other company
         | by his advisor, who had a lot of funding from this other
         | company, or his advisor would "make graduating very difficult".
        
           | lostlogin wrote:
           | Surely a resignation upon graduation is the way to go here -
           | though burning bridges early in one's career is not ideal.
        
           | otachack wrote:
           | That is f*cked up and I hope people that dropped grad careers
           | chime in in the future about situations like this, especially
           | when more unions pop up.
        
             | temp234 wrote:
             | There are so many horror stories about academia waiting to
             | come out.
             | 
             | The way vulnerable people are exploited and mistreated in
             | what is, in fact, a work environment; moral hazards and
             | conflicts of interest everywhere; lots of untrustworthy
             | research results and inability to reproduce research.
             | 
             | Universities are big business and ought to be regulated
             | just as much as any other big business
        
               | ModernMech wrote:
               | Can you expand on what regulations you feel are lacking
               | and how you'd like to see them implemented?
        
               | mumblemumble wrote:
               | Decent labor standards would be a start.
               | 
               | Universities are rather analogous to sweatshops in how
               | they operate and the economic reasons for doing so. And I
               | suspect that, in much the same way, this state of affairs
               | represents a sort of Nash equilibrium that cannot be
               | significantly altered except by an outside force changing
               | the rules of the game.
        
               | tbihl wrote:
               | >Universities are rather analogous to sweatshops in how
               | they operate
               | 
               | Could you explain further?
        
               | ModernMech wrote:
               | In grad school we definitely had decent labor standards
               | though. I mean, I was worked really hard, but I can't say
               | I was worked any harder than I was in private industry.
               | And the pay wasn't great, but it was more than enough to
               | support myself, and the understanding has always been
               | that you get free tuition as part of the deal, which is
               | pretty great, so that makes up for a lot of the pay
               | deficit. I could see better pay for students with
               | families, but other than that I think grad students have
               | it pretty good these days.
               | 
               | An example of a specific labor standard you'd like to see
               | implemented would be welcome.
        
               | Ar-Curunir wrote:
               | As I'm sure you know, Most PhD students stop taking
               | classes by the end of the 2nd year, and focus entirely on
               | research and teaching thereafter, which means that the
               | "free tuition part" is just a sham to avoid classifying
               | PhD students as workers, and to hence avoid paying them
               | for their labour.
        
               | ModernMech wrote:
               | As a grad student you are there for an education and your
               | education doesn't only (or even mostly) happen in the
               | classroom. If grad students want to be treated more like
               | employees and less like students, the relationship
               | between student/advisor will shift more toward an
               | employee/employer relationship. This may result in more
               | pay but it will also result in different expectations.
               | For example, if you want to be treated more as an
               | employee, then I would have a lower tolerance for
               | mistakes a student would make. If you want to be an
               | employee I will start hiring for skills rather than
               | potential. As employer/employee relationships have
               | developed maxims like "fire fast", this attitude change
               | may work against grad students.
               | 
               | Also just to be precise, tuition isn't just to pay for
               | classes, it goes to pay for all of the resources you use
               | as part of the university community. If you are done your
               | requirements you will still have to pay tuition. And
               | students don't stop taking classes by the end of year 2
               | (or 4 depending), they stop taking _required_ classes.
               | Since your advisor pays your tuition, you can negotiate
               | with them if you want to take more than the minimum. You
               | are done your requirements after 2-4 years and don 't
               | _have_ to take more classes, but of course you can (I
               | did). Maybe this is something unions can help with.
        
               | logifail wrote:
               | > Can you expand on what regulations you feel are lacking
               | [..]
               | 
               | It's fundamentally wrong for one human (the PhD
               | supervisor) to have so much unchecked power over another
               | (the PhD student).
               | 
               | Without changing how the entire system works, I'm not
               | sure how you fix that by means of regulation.
        
               | ModernMech wrote:
               | It's not really unchecked though. There's the department
               | vice chair, department chair, the college dean, the dean
               | of student affairs, a student senate, a faculty senate,
               | etc. etc... there's a structure here for resolving
               | grievances.
        
               | logifail wrote:
               | > there's a structure here for resolving grievances
               | 
               | That may look good on paper. Yet a 20-something student
               | vs an academic surrounded by supporters and wielding
               | power and influence, it's only ever going to go one way.
               | 
               | I've personally been on the wrong end of it. After
               | reviewing my options, noting that my supervisor had just
               | been elected Fellow of the Royal Society in London, I
               | decided to bite my tongue, complete my PhD, and leave.
               | 
               | The relationship was so broken I didn't even say goodbye
               | to my supervisor (literally cleared out all my stuff from
               | the lab very late one night), and I've never spoken to
               | him, or had any contact with anyone in his research group
               | ever since.
        
               | gwbrooks wrote:
               | Agree, and let's also remember that these are wholly
               | voluntary situations. Unchecked power is a pretty big
               | charge in a situation where the student can (Yes, at a
               | cost) always walk away.
        
               | logifail wrote:
               | > Agree, and let's also remember that these are wholly
               | voluntary situations
               | 
               | Someone is in a position of power over someone else, and
               | is exploiting that, and a response is to claim that this
               | is a "wholly voluntary situation"?
               | 
               | Really?!
        
               | rajin444 wrote:
               | > It's fundamentally wrong for one human (the PhD
               | supervisor) to have so much unchecked power over another
               | 
               | Why is this fundamentally wrong? Short of a truly
               | equitable society (which I think most agree would be a
               | dystopian nightmare), I don't see this as fixable. The
               | problem is that the power is abused.
               | 
               | The best way to fix this is high trust societies, not
               | creating one more institution with a disproportionate
               | amount of power.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | If there is nothing to stop the abuse, abuse escalates
               | and gets normalized. This happens any time there is large
               | system with unchecked large power.
               | 
               | That is why it is fundamentally wrong. Because it ensures
               | widespread abuse.
        
               | logifail wrote:
               | > Why is this fundamentally wrong?
               | 
               | It's the _unchecked_ nature of the power.
               | 
               | Politicians have upcoming elections to worry about.
               | Tenured professors ... what do they worry about?
        
               | ModernMech wrote:
               | > Tenured professors ... what do they worry about?
               | 
               | Class assignments and number of classes taught per
               | semester, teaching times and locations, class sizes,
               | advising assignments, committee assignments, TA
               | allocations, grader allocations, internal grants,
               | withholding or revoking consulting permission,
               | withholding internal department funding, lack of
               | promotion (there is still a ladder after tenure), and
               | most of all reputation, which in academia has higher
               | currency than currency.
               | 
               | Tenured professors still have a job to do and they still
               | have a boss (lots of bosses, as I said), and if they
               | don't do their job they can still get fired (I've seen it
               | happen), or their lives can be made miserable.
               | 
               | If there's an issue of academic dishonesty then there
               | there are processes at journals, conferences, and funding
               | agencies to address concerns. I've also witnessed these
               | processes work as intended.
        
               | logifail wrote:
               | > Tenured professors still have a job to do and they
               | still have a boss (lots of bosses, as I said)
               | 
               | We are apparently talking about very different kinds of
               | professors at very different kinds of institutions.
               | 
               | Unless he were to actually commit a crime, I don't think
               | there is anything my ex-boss could have possibly done
               | which could have ended up with him being removed from his
               | post. He was simply too important to the institution in
               | terms of his reputation and his ability to attract
               | external funding.
               | 
               | How he treated his students was really neither here nor
               | there, as long as the money and the citations kept
               | rolling in.
        
               | ModernMech wrote:
               | It sounds like you got a raw deal by a powerful asshole,
               | and are now painting with a broad brush. Not every
               | professor has so much power as your former boss, so
               | saying that the problem is that professors have too much
               | unchecked power, and the fix would be to bring more
               | oversight, is missing the mark. Because what happens when
               | the person at the top of the new oversight pyramid is an
               | asshole? You've got the same problem, and the solution
               | wouldn't be to again make sure he has more oversight.
               | 
               | > He was simply too important to the institution in terms
               | of his reputation and his ability to attract external
               | funding.
               | 
               | This reinforces my idea that you should always go with an
               | advisor who doesn't have this kind of clout. Not that you
               | should have known this ahead of time or you did anything
               | wrong, but I have heard sad stories from large labs
               | enough to be thankful for avoiding them in the past, and
               | it's the advice I will pass on in the future.
               | 
               | I think if you wanted to get at the actual problem and a
               | solution to it, I would say the problem is sad
               | narcissistic jerks aiming to become kings of their
               | research kingdoms, and then they act as tyrants when they
               | get a hold of large sums of grant money. That may be the
               | experience some people have had.
               | 
               | A solution to this that you may like if you want more
               | oversight may be to treat a research lab more like a
               | corporation with a board of directors (I can hear the
               | researchers recoiling) or some other governing body over
               | the lab and the students itself. What do you think of
               | that idea?
        
           | dchapp wrote:
           | Would you have been willing to hire this person without them
           | graduating?
        
           | ipsin wrote:
           | This sounds very much like extortion, and I'm curious how any
           | school with a purported honor code or sense of academic
           | standards could allow it.
           | 
           | Even if the student didn't have proof of threats, the
           | situation itself should be enough to get the student a new
           | advisor or oversight with the existing one.
           | 
           | I mean "should" in an ideal sense. I think this kind of shit
           | is common.
        
             | kolbe wrote:
             | "Every banana republic has a Bill of Rights." -Anton Scalia
        
             | lumost wrote:
             | An advisor is your gateway into your field of interest. To
             | graduate, a student must publish a notable work in the
             | field. If you lose your advisor, then you will likely need
             | to start over with someone else - delaying your graduation
             | by 2-6 years depending on the field.
             | 
             | Even if the university offered a new advisor, it would be
             | unlikely to help the student.
        
               | ipaddr wrote:
               | Would a death or a retirement have the same effect?
        
               | lumost wrote:
               | Professors are "supposed" to help avoid the retirement
               | effect by not accepting new grad students, in some cases
               | where this is not viable they can continue with an
               | emeritus title and provide the entry point that their
               | students need. Similarly, a professor leaving for another
               | institution will likely make right by their students.
               | 
               | In the case that none of the above is possible the
               | institution will probably try to do right by the student,
               | but it's a bit of a crap shoot. Even if the institution
               | confers the PhD, the student is still beholden to the
               | publish or perish culture of academia - and their
               | (former) advisor would have helped navigate them to a
               | thesis which their former advisors peers would accept. If
               | the latter doesn't occur in a big way; then the student
               | won't have a good career ahead.
               | 
               | I've known 1-2 people who for various reasons decided
               | that the grad student life was the optimal career station
               | for themselves as it provided the benefits of an academic
               | career without the overhead of grant applications etc.
        
             | lamename wrote:
             | If the professor in question brings the university a lot of
             | grant money, especially if they're tenured, a lot gets
             | ignored.
             | 
             | As for the honor code I cynically suspect it's more about
             | having an item go use against someone when the university
             | chooses, rather than a true standard that all are held to
             | at all times. If nothing else, it's just tough for a large
             | institution to handle all of its problems at once.
        
               | saltminer wrote:
               | Back when I worked as a tutor, we knew a lot about the
               | professors since most of us were also TAs at some point
               | or worked as TAs concurrently. Some were consistent in
               | busting people for cheating, others tried to avoid it at
               | all costs (because they based their self-worth on their
               | Rate My Professor page), but a few were just capricious
               | and arbitrary. On their good side? "Eh, everyone uses
               | Stack Overflow [or forgets to do anything to hide their
               | plagiarism, not even bothering to edit the author name
               | Javadoc comment on the code they copied] every now and
               | then." On their bad side? "Copying others' work is
               | unacceptable, you can either take an F in the course or
               | plead your case to Academic Integrity."
               | 
               | Of course, the ones who showed favoritism were also the
               | ones who practically printed grant money, so nothing ever
               | happened while I was there (and I doubt anything ever
               | will).
        
               | downrightmike wrote:
               | With code, as long as it works, so what. Plus learning a
               | language requires copying to learn how to do it
               | correctly. Would you want to be required to be completely
               | original learning French? It makes no sense to burn
               | people for doing what it took industry decades to figure
               | out.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | polygamous_bat wrote:
             | As a current graduate student, the sunk cost can sometimes
             | be too high just to up and move advisors. In small places,
             | you will simply not have someone else whose interest align
             | with yours, and even at a place like MIT, the advisors have
             | their own specialty, and especially after your second year
             | at Ph.D. moving or changing advisor can be quite difficult
             | and basically "reset" all your progress. So, a lot of time,
             | the choice becomes moving and voiding all your work you've
             | done so far, or gritting your teeth and carrying on for
             | "just a couple more years until I graduate."
             | 
             | Source: was an undergraduate and Masters student at MIT,
             | then left to do a Ph.D somewhere else with a much
             | better/less toxic advisor.
        
               | skeeter2020 wrote:
               | >> the sunk cost can sometimes be too high just to up and
               | move advisors.
               | 
               | This isn't really the definition of sunk cost, which is
               | the appearance of having tangible impact on decisions
               | while being independent of the future choice. If it has
               | bearing (as in this case) it's material to the decision
               | and not sunk.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | toast0 wrote:
             | I didn't go to grad school, but because changing advisors
             | is generally a reset, there's no good outcome for the
             | student in this situation.
             | 
             | Status quo: take job forced by advisor; student doesn't get
             | dream job
             | 
             | Drop out and take dream job: student doesn't get degree
             | they were pursuing
             | 
             | Advisor is fired over this: student must find an advisor
             | that will resume advising on current thesis or more likely
             | find a new advisor and start on a new thesis... But if it
             | becomes known that this student was related to the firing,
             | student may have a hard time finding a new advisor.
             | 
             | Advisor is disciplined over this: advisor may retaliate by
             | no longer cooperating with student's progress, and then
             | you're back to finding a new advisor.
             | 
             | Institution backs advisor and disciplines student for
             | 'causing trouble': maybe find a new institution.
             | 
             | So... If there's no good outcomes for the student, it's
             | tricky.
        
             | mechanical_bear wrote:
             | The last thing you want to do late in the PhD process is
             | get a new advisor. In many cases that is akin to starting
             | over.
        
             | Tao331 wrote:
             | It's "advising" in the same sense that you pay a gangster
             | for "protection".
             | 
             | Nice career trajectory you got here, but in a field like
             | this one... shame if something _bad_ happened to it...
        
               | frankharv wrote:
               | That sounds like a reasonable parallel.
               | 
               | In the field of Machining most of our new folks come from
               | one particular Community College that offers a Machine
               | Shop with a few CNC machines.
               | 
               | The sole instructor was a friend and would give me heads
               | up on excellent machinists.
               | 
               | Stanly retires and new instructor brought in.
               | 
               | Fast forward a year and a competing companies CEO now
               | sits on board of college.
               | 
               | He gets all the heads ups from the new instructor and we
               | are left with the slackers to hire..
        
               | MaxBarraclough wrote:
               | Is there no grading system to refer to?
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | You can ask applicants for grades, but if you get heads
               | up on good candidates, you ask them to work for you
               | before they go looking. So if someone else is getting
               | heads up, you're only getting candidates that didn't pass
               | their filters.
        
           | klyrs wrote:
           | That really sucks but I'm not sure what the connection
           | between this professor's probably illegal action and
           | unionization.
        
             | spacemanmatt wrote:
             | Unions are generally vehicles of resistance to illegal
             | and/or oppressive actions. HTH.
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | Sadly, given my experience as a steward, I don't think a
               | union could actually help in this particular situation.
        
               | spacemanmatt wrote:
               | I'm sorry to hear about your experience. Many people
               | don't have a better choice than keep trying with unions.
        
               | cabcalloway wrote:
               | It doesn't help, actually, because they were implicitly
               | asking how a union will help specifically with that
               | example. In corporations unions have the leverage of
               | stopping work. What's the leverage here? We'll all stop
               | pursuing our education...?
               | 
               | I guess the calculation is that the tuition hit would be
               | leverage? Like what, is a union going to force a code of
               | conduct for professors? How is it going to be enforced
               | when it already exists and half of these comments are
               | about it being ignored?
               | 
               | I don't get the union solution here. The incentives are
               | wrong. Particularly on the Ph.D. track, how would a union
               | specifically help address illegal behavior to the extent
               | that you just "HTH" it as the obvious answer?
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | There's a few things a union _can_ do in this situation.
               | What they _can 't_ do is prevent blowback from the
               | professor -- not even the university has leverage there.
               | 
               | The resources a union have typically amount to (a) a
               | grievance process, (b) work stoppage, and (c) a pittance
               | of a legal fund. Work stoppages don't occur because one
               | professor mistreats one student -- there's no rule
               | against that, but unions are democratic and that motion
               | would simply never pass unless the harm was particularly
               | egregious and the victim was especially charismatic.
               | Politics be. A grievance could "succeed" but ultimately
               | they're pretty toothless -- the university has little
               | leverage over a prof, the union has less. So we're left
               | with a pitiful legal fund -- know how everybody hates
               | dues? Unions are weak as a result. The student could
               | potentially sue their prof through the ordinary legal
               | system. They could be awarded monetary damages, but they
               | would not be awarded a degree.
               | 
               | The professor is the judge, jury, and executioner for the
               | doctoral thesis. Other professors in the department will
               | be working alongside the offending professor _for the
               | rest of their lives_ so whatever politics be in the
               | union, they 're _way_ more intense in a department of
               | professors. And even if you do find a sympathetic ear
               | with another professor in the same department, they 're
               | probably not in your specialty, because when there are
               | two profs with the same specialty in a single department,
               | one hired the other and they're bosom buds. And this is
               | the real reason that individual grad students don't speak
               | out, file grievances, etc. against professors, and known
               | rapists carry on for decades: to act is to throw away
               | your degree, and with it, your entire career.
        
               | spacemanmatt wrote:
               | Stopping work. Same as other unions.
        
               | cabcalloway wrote:
               | And again, since you're making me belabor the question
               | instead of answering the obvious one, what does that look
               | like? Isn't that more harmful to the student than the
               | institution? Again: what is the leverage?
               | 
               | I'm from a three generation UAW family, married into
               | IBEW, and I was on the line at eight years old. I'm not
               | exactly hearing about unions for the first time here. I'm
               | also struggling to understand how they're the obvious
               | answer to education problems shared in this thread, in
               | your estimation. Think you can share 10 or, even, 20
               | words to help clarify?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | iudqnolq wrote:
               | Most large schools make most of their money charging
               | undergrads tuition. A significant portion of undergrad
               | instruction is done by grad students. If grad students
               | stop teaching undergrads (or, as some have, keep teaching
               | but stop issuing grades) the theory is undergrads and
               | parents will threaten admin. This has worked in some
               | cases.
        
               | dehrmann wrote:
               | What might be different about grad students is the weird
               | market dynamics. They're well-educated, overworked, and
               | underpaid. They should be able to get a decent job
               | outside of academia from hiring managers sympathetic to
               | not being in academia. Except for foreign students and
               | people who _really_ want to be in academia, there 's a
               | lot of pressure that should have made work conditions
               | much better.
               | 
               | If someone ready to pay you twice as much with normal
               | hours and less drama doesn't improve conditions, I'm not
               | sure if a union can.
        
               | spacemanmatt wrote:
               | Aren't graduate students there in order to get
               | credentials that help them land all those better jobs
               | outside of academia? I think you're imputing hiring
               | pressure that they're pursuing, not experiencing.
        
               | dehrmann wrote:
               | Ignoring professional degrees like MBAs, MDs, and JDs,
               | you either go to grad school to do research and/or teach
               | in academia or to learn very specialized skills and go
               | into industry. For the most part, there are usually less
               | specialized roles in industry for people with bachelor's
               | degrees.
        
               | polygamous_bat wrote:
               | Not necessarily; I myself and a lot of my friends in
               | academia are here because we really do care about the
               | research we are doing, and believe what we are doing here
               | is really going to impact society in 10-20 years in the
               | future. I'm sure there are some people here who are only
               | doing a Ph.D. to get a better job afterwards. But at
               | least for myself I know I rejected a job that has a 5x
               | base salary (even without counting the RSU) because I
               | really believed in what I wanted to do. If you take the
               | opportunity cost in account, it really doesn't make sense
               | in 100% of the cases to get a Ph.D. first to just go into
               | the "better jobs" in industry afterwards.
        
               | spacemanmatt wrote:
               | That's absolutely fair. I really should have narrowed my
               | (rhetorical) question to the group of students who will
               | eventually "leave for better jobs" outside academia.
        
           | lvs wrote:
        
           | asf9b8hqw4n wrote:
           | This is definitely abusive, but it's not clear how a union
           | would go about solving this? The CBA could prohibit it (but
           | it's already against policy) or the union could file a
           | grievance (students could already do this), but nothing
           | really prevents this from happening with a union.
           | 
           | I don't even think the union has jurisdiction over "academic"
           | matters like graduation. The Harvard CBA explicitly points
           | out that academic matters cannot be arbitrated like other
           | grievances: https://studentunionization.harvard.edu/files/hgs
           | u/files/202...
        
             | thylacine222 wrote:
             | Students cannot already file grievances. Grievance
             | procedures are part of a contract, and many, if not all,
             | non-unionized grad workers work without a contract, and if
             | they do have a grievance procedure, they are often only
             | through university-run venues where they do not receive
             | independent representation.
        
             | caminante wrote:
             | That's a material exclusion.
             | 
             | Regardless, for the parent's example, it sounds like a mis-
             | alignment in expectations between the PhD candidate and
             | their advisor.
             | 
             | I wonder "Why is this coming up now?"
             | 
             | For options, I don't know why the PhD candidate can't
             | accept the lesser option, graduate, and then switch jobs.
             | Or...maybe the candidate made a crafty tale to accept
             | another job without getting called out for a disingenuous
             | "love letter."
        
             | einpoklum wrote:
             | > I don't even think the union has jurisdiction over
             | "academic" matters like graduation.
             | 
             | The union has jurisdiction, or perhaps we should say
             | influence, over those matters it is strong enough to act
             | collectively to force acceptance of its influence or
             | jurisdiction. Naturally if tries to get full jurisdiction
             | over handing out Ph.Ds, that will be a misguided attempt
             | which will be met with extreme resistance and fail. But if
             | it insists on its right to intervene when advisers
             | inappropriately block their advisees from graduating - that
             | is a realistic (though not easy) objective.
             | 
             | > This is definitely abusive, but it's not clear how a
             | union would go about solving this?
             | 
             | It's very clear. Let's assume the student has not yet
             | accepted a work offer here or there. A group of union reps
             | from the department go talk to that Professor. They tell
             | him/her that this is an informal chat; that they have heard
             | about his threat. They demand that he perform the
             | following:
             | 
             | 1. Informally affirm, to them, that s/he will not penalize
             | or impede the advisee in any way, regardless of their
             | choice of employment.
             | 
             | 2. Ditto but to the advisee, within X time.
             | 
             | and that if these demands are not met, they will make the
             | affair public: The department will be plastered with
             | posters attacking him for extortion and mistreatment; press
             | releases will be sent out; and ethical charges will be
             | filed directly (if grads can do so), or external legal
             | action may be initiated.
             | 
             | ... that is, assuming the Professor does not deny the
             | claim, which of course can also happen, and then things get
             | more delicate and beyond the scope of this comment, but
             | still actionable.
        
           | AndyMcConachie wrote:
           | People who have no experience with academia would think your
           | story is false and outlandish.
           | 
           | People who have experience with academia would think your
           | story is commonplace and borderline uninteresting.
           | 
           | This has been my experience with telling and hearing stories
           | like this.
        
           | _fat_santa wrote:
           | The dynamics of academia really surprise me sometimes. When I
           | think of "work", I think of two things: "work" (the actual
           | day to day things you do) and "workplace" (the place your
           | work at).
           | 
           | In a traditional workplace, were always taught to value
           | "workplace" over "work" and to never stay at a "workplace"
           | for the "work". That is, if you have a crappy boss and toxic
           | culture, working on a shiny greenfield project isn't going to
           | help and most will advise you to leave and pursue a
           | "workplace" that is more aligned with you.
           | 
           | With academia the dynamics are completely different because
           | now "work" and "workplace" occupy the same space, as in they
           | are equally important, with "work" might be even more
           | important than the "workplace". So you get into a situation
           | where you hate the "workplace", but unlike the traditional
           | workplace, you can't simply up and leave because your "work"
           | is far too important, and continuing your "work" at another
           | "workplace" is from everything I read about academia,
           | difficult to say the least.
           | 
           | Not sure how unions will look in academia but it's clear that
           | we need some sort of arbiter in that space to re-balance the
           | "work" and "workplace" since the dynamics are so different.
        
             | caddemon wrote:
             | Yeah this is related to the reason I'm not sure how much a
             | traditional union can really help here - "school" and
             | "work" become blurred beyond distinction for many grad
             | students. Anyone with funding from an RAship is both
             | getting paid and making degree progress because of their
             | work in the lab. Some items will be very clearly a lab duty
             | and some will be very clearly for personal development, but
             | a lot of time is also spent on tasks that fit into both
             | "work I'm doing in exchange for my funding" and "research
             | training that is counting towards my degree requirements".
             | 
             | I'm not sure how much impact a union can have on anything
             | that isn't purely on the "work for funding" side. I'm all
             | for TAs to unionize with a national org because it doesn't
             | run into this issue and there is also less overall job
             | heterogeneity there. But how do you negotiate highly
             | personalized degree requirements as part of a labor union?
             | There could be some high level policy changes that would
             | help future students, but I don't think we know exactly
             | what would work best. And will these national orgs even
             | choose to prioritize that kind of improvement?
             | 
             | The UAW unions that have formed at a few other places over
             | the last 5 years have helped raise salary/benefits a bit,
             | but there has barely been discussion of fundamental changes
             | that could help fix academic training. It's pretty focused
             | on basic labor rights.
             | 
             | Maybe it is just my department but most people I know
             | wanted to do a PhD knowing the terrible salary, and what
             | they really feel ripped off on is the lack of academic
             | freedom that was promised as part of this training. People
             | want a union because they feel ripped off, I get it, but
             | the union leaders are working towards a pretty different
             | type of resolution from everything I can tell. Maybe this
             | is just the first step in the process, but I'm skeptical.
        
               | ModernMech wrote:
               | > what they really feel ripped off on is the lack of
               | academic freedom that was promised as part of this
               | training
               | 
               | Where would this idea be originating? I think that would
               | be one of the first things I would tackle, because anyone
               | making a claim of academic freedom for grad students to
               | just research whatever they want is spinning a tale.
               | Students with this perception are being lied to, so we
               | should first address the following disillusionment by
               | dispelling the notion of academic freedom during Ph.D.
               | research exists.
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | This is probably very context-dependent. I have
               | supervised PhD students at a top British university and 2
               | European research institutes, and usually the students
               | had some freedom within the bounds of the project they
               | chose initially. That's how it should be: you want
               | students to develop some initiative and they are not here
               | just to follow instructions.
               | 
               | Now, sure it is not absolute freedom because it is
               | supervised and the funding was obtained for a specific
               | project. Funding agencies or industrial sponsors don't
               | like it when the student does something completely
               | different. But then students apply for specific projects.
               | I have never seen any PhD offer that did not have a set
               | perimeter (within which they do have some freedom), so I
               | am not sure they are being lied to about that. Again,
               | that might be context-dependent.
        
               | caddemon wrote:
               | Exactly, it's not about being literally unconstrained,
               | but a lot of biology PhD programs turn into "follow my
               | advisor's weekly (sometimes even daily) instructions to
               | the letter". This can be very demoralizing and it is
               | concerning for the development of future PIs as well.
               | 
               | In addition to micro-management of the thesis project,
               | there's also consideration of outside academic
               | activities. Many students end up spending 50+ hours per
               | week on the work their advisor designed. This leaves
               | little time for the student to explore learning new
               | skills that might be relevant to them - for example
               | programming tutorials, a reading group in a different
               | subfield, mentoring an undergrad project, communicating
               | with the general public, etc.
               | 
               | Obviously there is not time for every PhD to involve all
               | of those things, but currently it is much too restricted.
               | For some people to the point that their advisor forbids
               | them from taking a night class or whatever despite the
               | fact it is outside the (already overtime) working hours
               | of the lab. Research may indeed be the priority, but
               | entirely ignoring other parts of the academic role has
               | not gotten us anywhere good.
               | 
               | What it boils down to is that part of the compensation of
               | the PhD is supposed to be training. Yet as it stands many
               | students are treated as only employees, with no regard to
               | teaching them to become a better researcher and no time
               | allowed for their own personal/career development
               | activities.
               | 
               | Students are being lied to for sure (at least in certain
               | fields/locations). But the solution is not to just be
               | blatantly honest about what PhD currently entails. Part
               | of the shift also needs to be a return to considering the
               | PhD as an important piece of the training for becoming an
               | academic.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | Maybe it was somewhat unique, but when I received my
               | offer to become a PhD student at EMBL in 1986, I wrote my
               | own PhD proposal that was completely unrelated to any
               | work that my supervisor was doing, and only very loosely
               | connected to the work that anyone else was doing at EMBL
               | at that time.
               | 
               | However, the funding of EMBL works fairly differently
               | from most universities, and quite a few other research
               | institutes.
        
               | toastyCheese wrote:
               | I am a current PhD student in a CS-related field. My
               | advisors had strict requirements for my first project,
               | but now on my second project I have complete freedom.
               | This was my personal choice, my advisors were/are willing
               | to give me projects, but I wanted to learn how to take a
               | research project from idea to finish. Obviously, CS (and
               | my school) is extremely well funded, so this may be
               | unique.
        
         | derbOac wrote:
         | FWIW, speaking as someone who has had tenure, the problems
         | don't end there. The whole thing is broken all the way through.
         | 
         | There are good places and good people, but the system is
         | dysfunctional and too many critically problematic behaviors and
         | dynamics are incentivized.
         | 
         | Society at large isn't helpful either, as outside influences
         | tend to be politicized badly on both ends of the spectrum in
         | multiple ways, even when the other side is trying to improve
         | things in good faith.
        
         | karaterobot wrote:
         | Half the reason I'm ambivalent about unionization is that I was
         | involved with the graduate student union when I was in school.
         | The nominal reason for it was to improve working conditions and
         | pay for grad students. In practice, it improved very little,
         | and added a modest amount of overhead, in the form of a union
         | apparatus which fed itself by taking a little bite out of those
         | paychecks every month. To be clear, the net result was still
         | higher pay overall, but not a lot. All in all, it really had
         | only a small overall effect on us students, and didn't hurt the
         | university much. It felt like the real winner was the UAW
         | itself, which is the source of my mixed feelings.
        
           | lokar wrote:
           | As a UAW steward I represented (with lawyers provided by the
           | UAW) students in arbitration who were being treated unfairly
           | by the UC (breaking their own rules). It was a positive
           | experience.
        
             | wardedVibe wrote:
             | As a former UC grad student, thank you for your labor.
        
           | qzx_pierri wrote:
           | As long as human beings run a union, the union will be self
           | serving.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | Who is running the university? Robots?
        
             | dmitriid_y wrote:
             | As long as a tyrant is unchallenged, they will remain a
             | tyrant.
        
               | qzx_pierri wrote:
               | What does this reply even mean? Are you seriously
               | comparing the privileged plights within the ranks of
               | academia to victims of a tyrannical ruler?
        
               | spacemanmatt wrote:
               | It's germane.
               | 
               | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petty_tyranny
               | 
               | * https://www.researchgate.net/publication/247717438_Pett
               | y_Tyr...
        
           | hedora wrote:
           | You had an unusually positive experience with UAW. They own
           | the UC system contract, and negotiated pay caps, lowering
           | grad student pay on some campuses.
           | 
           | They also negotiated to discontine coverage for various
           | women's health issues.
           | 
           | Just before COVID, UC Santa Cruz went on a wildcat strike
           | because the union negotiated pay for that campus below the
           | cost of living. A bunch of foreign students lost their visas
           | as a result.
           | 
           | In the second two cases, the grad students tried, but failed
           | to organize against the union.
           | 
           | Most obvious routes to correcting the situation are illegal.
           | In particular, organizing a strike against the union, or
           | organizing a replacement union would have been illegal.
        
             | icelancer wrote:
             | >> You had an unusually positive experience with UAW. They
             | own the UC system contract, and negotiated pay caps,
             | lowering grad student pay on some campuses.
             | 
             | This is pretty normal with all unions. They negotiate
             | higher pay and benefits for journeymen-level members at the
             | expense of apprentice-level incoming members. Management
             | then does their best to purge the journeymen while bringing
             | on tons of apprentices.
             | 
             | Management and union leaders work in concert to ensure the
             | above scenario happens a predominant amount of the time.
             | See also: MLB, UPS, other entrenched and long-running union
             | shops.
             | 
             | It's great if you're a tenured member. Not so much if
             | you're new.
             | 
             | Hey, wait a minute... that sounds a lot like academia now
             | with more steps...
        
             | fennecfoxen wrote:
             | It is amazing that unions get a legal monopoly in this
             | manner, and it is not surprising that, with such rights,
             | they fail their constituents, preferring to amass money and
             | power for a corrupt leadership.
             | 
             | Imagine a world with two or three unions per employer and
             | you could actually pick which one you were under. They'd
             | actually have incentives to deliver!
             | 
             | But we'll never have that because it means less lobbying
             | money and smaller campaign contributions to our
             | representatives in government.
        
               | solidsnack9000 wrote:
               | In recent years, some decisions from the NLRB are leaning
               | in the direction of multiple unions:
               | https://laborblog.vorys.com/2014/07/articles/nlrb/how-
               | many-u...
               | 
               | The idea is that different kinds of workers could be in
               | different unions. A department store might have, for
               | example, cosmetics specialists, tailors, accounting staff
               | and so on; and these groups are distinct enough, from the
               | NLRB's perspective, to have their own unions.
        
               | wadefletch wrote:
               | Aren't a bunch of little unions equivalent to independent
               | employees advocating their own interests?
        
               | solidsnack9000 wrote:
               | Maybe not, because (a) each union can still aggregate the
               | interests of hundreds or thousands of workers and (b)
               | it's much easier for a few unions to collaborate with
               | each other than for hundreds or thousands of individual
               | workers to do so.
               | 
               | This depends, of course, on how exactly the new unions
               | are allowed to form. It seems unlikely that the NLRB
               | would implement policy in a way that allows dozens of
               | unions, each with a handful of workers; but I guess if
               | that happened, it would end up just like what you're
               | saying.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | This is a bad idea for a number of different reasons.
               | I'll highlight one.
               | 
               | The actual "competition" wouldn't be among which union
               | the employees joined - rather they would compete to
               | undercut each other on contract negotiation, which would
               | only bolster the employer's hand.
               | 
               | There are good reasons why this is not common practice -
               | but there is also no law preventing multiple unions.
        
             | whimsicalism wrote:
             | Your comment doesn't make sense to me.
             | 
             | > the union negotiated pay for that campus below the cost
             | of living
             | 
             | ...and the graduate student workers voted to approve the
             | contract? Every negotiated contract goes back to the
             | members for approval.
             | 
             | What would this have looked like in the absence of a union?
             | You are saying that with negotiation, UC Santa Cruz got pay
             | below cost of living, but if they didn't have that
             | negotiation, management would have freely paid them more
             | than cost of living? What was the negotiation over?
             | 
             | > In particular, organizing a strike against the union, or
             | organizing a replacement union would have been illegal.
             | 
             | What do you mean? Just get 30% of your members to sign a
             | petition and you can hold an election to change unions.
             | That is _literally_ what organizing is.
             | 
             | If you can get 30% of your members to go on a "wildcat
             | strike" against UC Santa Cruz & UAW, then you can get 30%
             | to sign a union replacement card.
        
               | jkaplowitz wrote:
               | > What do you mean? Just get 30% of your members to sign
               | a petition and you can hold an election to change unions.
               | That is literally what organizing is.
               | 
               | > If you can get 30% of your members to go on a "wildcat
               | strike" against UC Santa Cruz & UAW, then you can get 30%
               | to sign a union replacement card.
               | 
               | Are you speaking based on California public sector union
               | law or the federal National Labor Relations Act? The
               | federal NLRA doesn't apply to state public sector
               | workplaces, including UC Santa Cruz, with that being
               | handled by state law.
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | My only experience with unionization is at private
               | universities in Massachusetts, so I guess I am unfamiliar
               | with how state law plays in for these public sector
               | unions in California.
        
           | wardedVibe wrote:
           | Fwiw, UAW has recently had a major shake up, where the
           | corrupt leadership of the overall union just got prosecuted,
           | and actual one person one vote is being voted on, so I expect
           | you (and I) caught them at the worst possible time. I'm
           | definitely more weary of large cross sectoral unions than
           | before my time at UC though.
        
           | bjourne wrote:
           | > To be clear, the _net result was still higher pay overall_
           | , but not a lot.
           | 
           | Then I don't understand your ambivalence. Who would complain
           | about getting more money?
        
             | chmod600 wrote:
             | It's like class-action lawsuits: sure, maybe you get $2.43,
             | but the lawyers are really the beneficiaries. The
             | individual is just used to justify the whole thing.
        
               | HarryHirsch wrote:
               | No, the lawyer's job in a class action is to hold the
               | someone accountable to prevent recurrences. They did a
               | job, so they ought to be paid.
               | 
               | If some company habitually breaks the law and causes
               | damages to a large group of people you can either pray
               | that the Attorney General takes the case (but they won't,
               | they want to advance their political career) or a law
               | firm will take the case out of pure financial interest.
               | I'll go with the law firm.
        
             | caddemon wrote:
             | Students voted for this union because of major issues with
             | the entire academic training process, not to get a small
             | salary bump. The presence of the union at other schools has
             | not led to any real attempts to fix the systemic issues,
             | yet it adds another layer of bureaucracy to deal with for
             | any students that want to face these issues.
        
             | IMTDb wrote:
             | Because it probably cost a lot more to the institution than
             | it brought to the intended target. A middleman takes the
             | bulk of the additional investment, without providing that
             | much value in itself.
             | 
             | And that money came from somewhere, probably partly from
             | profits, but also from other investments (buildings,
             | teaching material, ...). Overall teacher got a little bit
             | more, but both the org and the students lost a lot,
             | comparatively.
        
               | klyrs wrote:
               | At many universities, there's a massive stash of funds:
               | the Athletics Department, which is a completely different
               | organization and therefore off the table.
               | 
               | Also, university administration lover building pyramids
               | of hierarchy. When you add a level to the pyramid,
               | everybody gets a raise. Executive salaries are ludicrous
               | -- and similar to the bank execs in the '08 bailouts,
               | they cut themselves bonuses for "saving money" on
               | handling disasters of their own creation.
               | 
               | By and large, university endowments are treated as
               | separate investment vehicles and are no longer used to
               | ease times of hardship.
               | 
               | Universities have largely been sold out. What was once a
               | venerable public institution is now run like a profit-
               | driven business. Welcome to wal-mart.
        
           | wyldfire wrote:
           | > The nominal reason for it was to improve working conditions
           | and pay for grad students. In practice, it improved very
           | little
           | 
           | It might be interesting to consider how much worse the pay or
           | conditions could have gotten in the union's absence.
        
         | paulcole wrote:
         | > Academia likes to cast itself as a true meritocracy
         | 
         | The more an organization/community says one thing, the more
         | likely the opposite is to be true. Think about Google and
         | "Don't be evil." Or companies that tout "work/life balance."
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | What would that say about the organization that itself is the
           | union?
        
             | paulcole wrote:
             | I don't know. I'm not very smart.
        
         | david38 wrote:
         | This is graduate students unionizing.
         | 
         | Everywhere I've seen this, the principal complaints are wages,
         | housing, acknowledging they are workers, and working hours.
         | 
         | Grad students are used as slaves. This is trivial to avoid just
         | by paying them what they actually need to live. This is a
         | university, what they can't figure this out? No, they just
         | overplayed their hand at the bargaining table.
        
       | aborsy wrote:
       | In France, students and hipsters started similar protests.
       | Horrible outcomes ever since, producing a lot of social,
       | political and ultimately economical problems for the country for
       | decades to come.
       | 
       | Having lived in France, I shiver when I hear word "union."
        
         | aborsy wrote:
         | I meant in 1968.
        
       | whatever1 wrote:
       | US Universities have enormous overhead costs. And unfortunately
       | the PhD students / post docs are paying with their blood and
       | sweat for these.
       | 
       | My advisor had to spit 150k to the university to have me as a
       | student (including a 20k fee for lab usage, despite the fact my
       | PhD was a theoretical one).
       | 
       | From that 150k I was taking 22k - 3k of mandatory health
       | insurance. I could barely make it given that I had to pay > 12k
       | per year for rent and utilities (with roommates).
       | 
       | Meanwhile the University would splash money to get athletic
       | coaches or give bonuses to the executives or open branches in
       | dictatorships.
       | 
       | I think unions should focus on university management, because
       | they have been acting unchecked for way too long.
        
         | ceeplusplus wrote:
         | It's mostly caused by the explosion of lifestyle inflation at
         | universities. Rather than just providing an education and doing
         | research they are now expected to be mental health counselors,
         | promote "diversity" (aka we need more of certain skin colors
         | over other skin colors), and make "democratic" decisions. In
         | practice this means everything is filled with bureaucracy and
         | you need to go through 5 committees and 3 vice chancellors
         | before anything gets done.
         | 
         | Football and basketball are actually profitable at most R1
         | schools, even though the coaches make lots of money.
        
           | whatever1 wrote:
           | How diversity has anything to do with institutional
           | mismanagement.
           | 
           | And no, US universities do not run as democracies. The
           | appointed deans and the president run the show.
        
             | ceeplusplus wrote:
             | Because these deans of "diversity" get paid a lot of money
             | to bikeshed about useless issues while not actually having
             | any impact on the school. It's run exclusively as a PR
             | stunt to satisfy the whiners in the school. It's one
             | example of the many cases of unneeded, useless headcount in
             | universities that's contributing to bloat. I can't name a
             | single time where anyone with the word diversity in their
             | title at my former college did anything concrete.
             | 
             | > US universities do not run as democracies. The appointed
             | deans and the president run the show.
             | 
             | That's not really the case especially in public
             | universities. If you want to make a change that might step
             | on a lot of toes you need to get buy in from people. They
             | aren't explicit democracies where everyone votes, but
             | nonetheless you need to secure acceptance from people to
             | get things done.
             | 
             | To give you an example of the useless bureaucracy, I once
             | had to submit a reimbursement for some research expenses
             | and was bounced around for several months between different
             | forms and different people. Any 1 part of the reimbursement
             | that didn't match the forms exactly meant the entire thing
             | would be rejected. This was to access grant money that
             | wasn't even the university's, it was the lab's. In
             | corporate settings people don't give a shit and approve it
             | as long as it looks legitimate.
        
             | throw_m239339 wrote:
             | > How diversity has anything to do with institutional
             | mismanagement.
             | 
             | Someone needs to pay for all these useless "diversity"
             | consultants, and they aren't cheap.
        
       | yuppie_scum wrote:
       | I can understand the value of unions in a situation where you are
       | the employee. But Jesus, if you don't like the school just go to
       | a different school.
        
         | selimthegrim wrote:
         | What are you gonna tell the new school?
        
         | texaslonghorn5 wrote:
         | Right so the grad students are employees of the university.
        
       | pjmlp wrote:
       | Interesting this is such a big subject, already on my university
       | days in the early 1990's, student unions were a common reality in
       | many European universities.
        
       | JaimeThompson wrote:
       | Good, that an institution with so much money has been treating
       | them this way is simply inexcusable.
        
         | Proven wrote:
        
       | ta988 wrote:
       | This is highly needed in non-elite universities. Grad students
       | are underpaid, and encouraged to apply for scolarship that yes
       | will improve their resume but result in them paying taxes on them
       | so they end up with even less money than they had before. In some
       | places they are threatened to be kicked out of programs if they
       | don't apply to those scolarships. This plus the repeat offender
       | PIs that can abuse their students and get protected because they
       | bring grant money...
        
       | asdff wrote:
       | Not uncommon for grad students with supposed "good" stipends in
       | high cost of living areas to be only taking home $2300 a month or
       | so, where rents are probably $2200 a month now for a 1br
       | apartment. What do they expect grad students to do? You almost
       | have to share a bedroom, which imo is ridiculous for a job that
       | requires a B.S. where you might quite literally be designing
       | multi million dollar scientific experiments.
        
       | ok123456 wrote:
       | Solidarity Forever.
        
         | meatsauce wrote:
         | Whenever I read this, I think of some out of touch career
         | academic who has never experienced the real world, yet knows
         | exactly how the world should be, and can't wait to tell you.
        
       | milofeynman wrote:
       | I want to see PICU attendings at academic universities unionize.
       | Some of their schedules should be illegal. 14-16 7-day shifts a
       | year, one of those Fri, Sat, Sun shifts they work from 7am
       | through their shift the next day which means Fri and Sat are
       | approximately 7am-4pm the next day with NO guaranteed sleep. They
       | also have other random night shifts throughout the year for a
       | total of 35 or so overnight shifts, but those start at 4pm.
       | 
       | Those ~33 hour shifts should be illegal
        
       | bigcat123 wrote:
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | lettergram wrote:
       | I can't imagine this actually producing better results long-term.
       | Unions objectives are to limit competition amongst relative
       | parties in order to combat the higher authority/ employer.
       | 
       | The purpose of graduate school is to put compete your peers. What
       | this will likely lead to IMO is more "equity" among the less
       | capable (grants, funding, etc) which will reduce the opportunity
       | for meritocracy and more capable (while assisting the less
       | capable).
        
         | exdsq wrote:
         | My wife's very recent PhD experience at Oxford was a little
         | crunch time around conferences, a nice 20/25 hour week, and
         | enough spare time to row with the Oxford Uni boat team. She
         | stayed a year as a postdoc and it was much the same. She's now
         | a postdoc at Stanford and she's working 16 hour days, weekends,
         | and very stressed for it. Academic output is the same - it's
         | just different work culture. I know this is about PhD students
         | but I imagine it's no easier for them than early career
         | postdocs, so this seems to make a lot of sense.
        
           | sheikheddy wrote:
           | Stanford is notorious for "duck syndrome". People are calm on
           | the surface but are always paddling below the water. I would
           | say the CS papers out of Stanford tend to be nicer than the
           | ones out of Oxford though, at least for Systems research.
           | (This is a huge generalization: I don't read every paper and
           | there's enough variation between authors that it doesn't
           | really make sense to do a cross-institution comparison, but
           | this is only my half-formed intuition).
        
             | exdsq wrote:
             | I think it's going to be very lab specific there, but you
             | could be right for systems research (I've not read any
             | myself)!. FWIW, she's in medical engineering.
             | 
             | Edit: All it takes is one tenured professor who strongly
             | filters submissions for _good_ papers to keep standards
             | high for a department to look much better, but then you 'd
             | be stopping your lab from playing the
             | citations/publications game which is necessary for future
             | postdocs. I may be cynical.
        
         | lkey wrote:
         | You misunderstand grad school. Typically you and your PI will
         | be the _only_ people with a given specialization at a given
         | school. You will mostly be competing for grants with your
         | colleagues from _other schools_. Even students under the same
         | PI will often have focuses so different as to rule out direct
         | competition. Additionally  "The purpose of graduate school is
         | to put(out) compete your peers." is not /the point/ of grad
         | school at all. You can't 'win' academia, you survive it long
         | enough to pursue your research interest. Moreover, the
         | 'competition' for grants is more like a lottery than anything
         | else for reasons too complex to get into here.
         | 
         | "What this will likely lead to IMO is more "equity" among the
         | less capable (grants, funding)" Putting aside your assertion
         | that "equity" is bad, grants are not decided by people that
         | know or care if the applicant is in a union.
         | 
         | "which will reduce the opportunity for meritocracy and more
         | capable" Not all games are zero-sum and 'merit' based, I'd
         | recommend that you not universalize this outlook.
        
         | thot_experiment wrote:
         | Ahh yes, less meritocracy or as I like to put it: not having to
         | work awful hours and being paid like shit because that's just
         | the way things have always been you don't have collective
         | bargaining leverage.
        
         | Ar-Curunir wrote:
         | What nonsense. Have you actually been a PhD student recently?
         | The peers you're "competing" with usually aren't even at the
         | same institution; and even then there's a lot more cross-
         | institution collaboration than there is competition.
         | 
         | Also this view of doing research as competition is absolute
         | garbage. Yes, competing to produce good research is good. No,
         | advisors exploiting cheap PhD labour to do that is not good.
         | The latter is what unions are meant to prevent.
        
         | lolinder wrote:
         | > The purpose of graduate school is to put compete your peers.
         | 
         | This is what's wrong with higher education today. School should
         | _never_ be about competition, it should be about education.
         | Graduate students _in particular_ aren 't supposed to be
         | competing, they're supposed to be contributing to the body of
         | human knowledge under the guidance of more experienced
         | contributors.
         | 
         | Any competition that exists is the result of either a severely
         | misguided but sincere effort to increase productivity or of a
         | cynical and deliberate attempt to manipulate vulnerable young
         | students into providing free labor. Countering both of these
         | cases is exactly why MIT students want a union.
        
       | AlbertoAsw10 wrote:
       | e
        
         | ergregregfb wrote:
        
           | ergregregfb wrote:
        
       | lnxg33k1 wrote:
       | I am not sure how to fairly express this concept, so I will write
       | it as it comes, younger generations are kinda fixing all the fuck
       | ups of millennials in terms of working conditions, in a bit maybe
       | they will even get paid overtime, I felt always like my
       | generation was more focused in trying to find someone to blame
       | rather than fighting to fix things, more focused on saying "Ok
       | boomer" or blame "GenX". And I think the main issue with
       | millennials psychology is that they were born in a welthy and
       | rich middle-class society and grew up spoiled, and then when in
       | their late-teens the economy fucked them up they didn't have the
       | strenght to fight, while maybe younger generations are born in
       | crysis, unstability and exploitation, and might have more
       | strenght to fix things
        
         | bick_nyers wrote:
         | I just turned 26, so I straddle the line between millennial and
         | Gen Z. I have friends that are distinctly in both generations.
         | What you say definitely rings true to me, although I think the
         | relationship with emerging technology also plays an interesting
         | part here too. From all that I can tell of the situation, Gen Z
         | is much more integrated and connected with each other due to
         | the existing popularity of the internet and smartphones, where
         | millennials growing up still followed that traditional model
         | where there were strong cliques throughout school, and
         | interests in things like the internet were still fairly
         | obscure. That's not to say that cliques don't exist today, but
         | it's hard for me to describe the right words behind the
         | communication & relationship model that changed so
         | dramatically. As a result, millennials don't feel nearly as
         | much comraderie as Gen Z, which I believe to be playing a large
         | role in the current societal anti-exploitation movements.
        
         | sheikheddy wrote:
         | Do you also believe this pattern will hold as this generation
         | ages? It could be the case that this property is really about
         | young vs old people. Although I hope future generations will be
         | so well off that they'll view the role of menial labor in
         | modern society as something akin to slavery.
        
           | lnxg33k1 wrote:
           | That's a nice point, I am not sure, but a while ago here on
           | HN someone posted an article showing stats about uprises
           | going down in a proportional way to ageing of the population,
           | so I am not a scholar of sociology but according to that
           | article the answer to your question should be "no" :(, but
           | maybe there will be young people of new generations who will
           | keep the fight on, if current young generation are able to
           | get fair working conditions which allow them to make kids and
           | families
        
       | g_p wrote:
       | For anyone not familiar with the world of academia, grad students
       | actually have a good bit more power available to them by
       | organising sensibly than you might think. The same is also true
       | for early career postdoctoral research staff. This is because
       | most of the work that actually matters is being done by these
       | individuals, in a very pyramidical structure, but the money stops
       | rolling in without the work that the base of the pyramid is
       | delivering.
       | 
       | Tenured professors and others win research grants, and are only
       | as good as their last grant. If they stop running on the
       | treadmill, they won't get any more grants, as their pitch becomes
       | less compelling than others'.
       | 
       | They win a grant, but the actual research work is then done by
       | postdoctoral researchers and grad students. They do the actual
       | work, write it up, and pretty much everything else. Often they
       | even win the grants in the first place. The exception is that
       | when there's some credit to be gained for the work, the professor
       | will reappear to take center stage and give interviews.
       | 
       | If the grad students organise, the wheels could begin to fall off
       | quickly - if projects are delayed, grant payments won't come
       | through. If they are not teaching classes, someone else has to
       | teach them. If the research isn't getting done, someone has to
       | speak with funders on calls. Someone has to write reports.
       | There's more to be done than the professor can do, and they will
       | rapidly end up snowed under, unable to function, and unable to
       | deliver papers on their grant. That will make it harder for them
       | to get their next pet project funded.
       | 
       | Unfortunately, many people go into academia believing it to be a
       | bastion of meritocracy where their efforts and skill will be
       | rewarded, and they spend some number of years believing this
       | before they start to realise what is actually going on. Some will
       | make it to be a professor, others become disillusioned and go
       | elsewhere. In my view though, the model is quite broken, and too
       | reliant on a professor claiming credit for others' work without
       | challenge, even though the work of their (hidden) team was the
       | meaningful intellectual input, and some of them would probably be
       | better as the professor.
        
         | amitport wrote:
         | If a professor is only taking credit for underlings' work he /
         | she will, at some point, stop getting good students...
        
           | jrochkind1 wrote:
           | In these kinds of departments, I think the professor PI is
           | understood as basically a management position -- they get the
           | funding, they "hire" and manage the right grad students and
           | other staff who do the work -- and yeah, then they take
           | credit for it. So they aren't "only" taking credit for others
           | work, they are performing administrative and management
           | functions. And if they do that job well, they will not stop
           | getting students. Because it can be the only game in town
           | (literally, in the "town" you are in), and switching labs is
           | a set back (switching schools/departments even harder and
           | more so).
        
           | neutronicus wrote:
           | Yeah in my experience professors are pretty good about giving
           | credit (the student is the first author on the paper, does
           | the conference presentations, etc).
           | 
           | The comment above is right about the general structure
           | (professors pitch, students deliver), though. And perhaps
           | right about claiming credit in some fields, although not
           | mine.
        
             | g_p wrote:
             | I'd agree it very much depends on the individuals. I have
             | worked with people all across the spectrum. My advisor was
             | absolutely in the "good" camp - we'd openly describe call
             | academia the "world's biggest hidden pyramid scheme". He
             | led a small, tightly knit group, and the group followed the
             | two pizzas rule.
             | 
             | I've also dealt with people who tried to come across like
             | this, but were the absolute opposite - they'd grown a
             | pretty large research group to get their chair, but had a
             | reputation of over-promising and under delivering. They'd
             | promise things without the technical knowledge to
             | understand what they were saying they'd do, then causing
             | morale problems among their team when people found out what
             | had been promised. They absolutely didn't follow the two
             | pizzas rule - you could barely find their whole group, let
             | alone fit them in a room. This prof would try to give the
             | impression they wanted others to grow and succeed, but
             | ultimately it was all about them, and preserving their
             | carefully crafted hierarchy. They didn't like to hear "no",
             | and couldn't bear the thought that they were over stretched
             | and not delivering, so everyone would tell them things were
             | fine, as they under-delivered, exacerbating the
             | situation...
        
           | g_p wrote:
           | In theory this should be true, although the information
           | asymmetries involved (especially for international students
           | who go based on citations or notable papers or "reputation")
           | mean that it can be hard to lose the flow of good students.
           | 
           | Ultimately if they are a tenured prof and can keep winning
           | grants, they can offer postdoc and postgrad contracts, and
           | that is effectively the only internal currency that matters
           | for a student that needs to find a postgrad position.
           | 
           | With a limited number of chairs, it's hard for someone else
           | to get a "rival" chair post and then compete internally, to
           | give students the choice (which you'd get in a free market).
           | If the institution has a good reputation, they'll likely have
           | a flow of willing students regardless of how they act.
        
         | neutronicus wrote:
         | On the other side of this equation, I think international
         | students comprise a potent reservoir of strikebreakers.
        
           | Ar-Curunir wrote:
           | are you an international student? I am one, and the position
           | of international students is much more precarious than most
           | other PhD students: their very presence in the country
           | depends on the whim of the advisor. In many unionization
           | efforts that I've seen, there's been lots of leadership from
           | international students
        
           | klyrs wrote:
           | In my experience, international students are very active in
           | grad student unions. Also, good luck bringing in scabs during
           | finals week. Admission runs on a schedule, visas add delays,
           | and even if they show up in time, they'll soon be informed
           | that it's a closed shop and scabbing has financial penalties.
           | Oh, and there's typically a high degree of solidarity between
           | profs and their grad students -- you don't just get admitted
           | by a university, you get admitted by a committee of
           | professors in the department you apply to.
        
             | azernik wrote:
             | Yup - especially because student unions (in the labor-union
             | sense, not in the faux-government US sense) are the norm in
             | many places abroad rather than an exception.
        
           | slim wrote:
           | Not if the international students get unionized. They're
           | actually the most prone to unionization if the union is able
           | to defend them.
        
           | PeterisP wrote:
           | Not really, strikes are a short-term thing and bringing in
           | new international students is something that takes many
           | months at least.
        
           | the_only_law wrote:
           | In fairness, these already seem to form the majority of PhD
           | students at universities near me
        
           | walkhour wrote:
           | There's a reason why Academia and Big Tech love immigration.
           | 
           | And then there's the argument they use to justify why
           | immigration is good, like diversity, inclusion,
           | globalization, ... which may be valid or not.
           | 
           | But isn't it just perfect when your objectives are so closely
           | aligned with what is considered morally right.
           | 
           | To regard these agents as moral actors instead of self-
           | serving profit seekers is just lunacy.
        
             | jrochkind1 wrote:
             | Except in general people from other countries may be _more_
             | amenable to union organizing and joining, since they often
             | come from cultures where unions are viewed more positively
             | than in the US, and where more of the workforce is
             | unionized, and may possibly even have experience themselves
             | with unions, or else have family members who do -- or if
             | not with unions, with other kinds of collective political
             | action of sorts that have become less common in the USA
             | 
             | I think this has been shown to be true in grad student
             | unionization drives in the US.
        
               | walkhour wrote:
               | > where more of the workforce is unionized
               | 
               | Is this fact coming from the weighted average of how
               | unionized is the workforce in the diferented countries
               | from which workers comes to USA? Is this true for high
               | and low paying jobs? Are the migrants from these
               | countries representative of the workforce of their
               | country?
               | 
               | Could you provide proof? My first reaction is to be
               | agnostic upon this claim.
        
               | jrochkind1 wrote:
               | I know from observation that international students are
               | often involved in grad student unionization efforts,
               | especially in leadership positions -- anecdotal but
               | generally noted by anyone else paying attention.
               | 
               | The rest is, yes, a theory I have that I don't currently
               | have the data to back up -- and the theory is not _just_
               | about union density in countries of origin, although that
               | 's part of it.
               | 
               | But as far as that part, just for some quick napkin math
               | sanity check, if we're talking "countries from which
               | workers come to USA" -- let's choose Mexico for example.
               | First google hit (this is just a sanity check) says
               | "Approximately 90% of Mexican production workers in
               | industrial enterprises that employ at least twenty-five
               | employees are unionized."
               | 
               | As far as international _students_ , the top countries
               | are China and India. China is it's own thing where unions
               | exist in a completely different context. First google hit
               | for India says "Over all, in India, 34.13% of regular
               | non-agricultural workers are trade union members" -- this
               | is of course much higher than the US. (First google hit
               | says 10% USA, although that may be general not "non-
               | agricultural").
               | 
               | The US is very low in unionization rate compared to most
               | countries, most countries on the planet are going to have
               | higher rates.
               | 
               | But I'm definitely not going to convince you of anything
               | in this HN thread, it would require actually doing some
               | research, like probably original research,, probably
               | including sociological qualitative research actually
               | talking to immigrants and such, not just the off-hand
               | googling I am willing to put the time into now. It's just
               | a theory I am sharing, yes. It would be an interesting
               | research topic... for a grad student in some social
               | science field. :)
        
               | walkhour wrote:
               | > But I'm definitely not going to convince you of
               | anything in this HN thread
               | 
               | You'd be surprised :). I appreciate your response, it was
               | an interesting read.
        
               | jrochkind1 wrote:
               | Reading my post again, I think to be fair we should say
               | that Mexican unions can often definitely be corrupt in a
               | way that doesn't serve the interests of workers. While
               | this could result in people from there being very cynical
               | about and uninterested in unions -- that is often my
               | personal experience with people from former soviet
               | countries -- my personal experience with people from
               | Mexico (totally anecdotal and subjective sense, not proof
               | in any sense) is still that they come from a culture
               | where it's generally understood that collectively
               | organizing as workers -- and collectively organizing for
               | grassroots political power in other ways -- is a good
               | thing, and a culture where they may have some experience
               | doing so, very differently from most people in the USA.
               | 
               | It's just my theory based on my personal observations and
               | thoughts though, yeah!
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Speaking from my personal experience - which includes
               | involvement in unionization drives, that has never been
               | true. I think this is supported by the evidence.
               | 
               | Maybe if you're talking about immigrants from Western
               | Europe. Otherwise, no.
        
         | canjobear wrote:
         | > They win a grant, but the actual research work is then done
         | by postdoctoral researchers and grad students. They do the
         | actual work, write it up, and pretty much everything else.
         | 
         | In this scenario, which does happen but is not the only way it
         | works, the convention is that the student or postdoc is first
         | author and the advisor is final author on the paper. That seems
         | fair to me.
        
           | g_p wrote:
           | Order of authorship is quite dependent on discipline - in
           | comp sci and engineering the convention is as you say. In
           | other fields they prefer alphabetical order or other orders,
           | as I understand.
           | 
           | Some journals have started requiring specific disclosures of
           | activities that each individual carried out.
           | 
           | Interestingly for some of the professors, some publications'
           | ethics codes don't consider merely obtaining funding as
           | meeting the requirements for authorship of a paper. Of course
           | they'll claim other activities, but a quick review of the
           | papers and input they claim to have made will likely give
           | rise to probable doubt. There's a few papers looking at
           | "prolific authorship" in different disciplines.
        
         | ModernMech wrote:
         | > They do the actual work
         | 
         | Used to think this as a grad student. Now as a professor I see
         | how naive this attitude is. There is _so_ much work beyond what
         | grad students are tasked with including getting research
         | funded, staffed, and results out the door. Grad students are
         | cogs in a research machine, cogs that need to _constantly_ be
         | readjusted and recalibrated because they are quite green
         | (sorry, it 's true) for a number of years. Most 22 year olds
         | coming out of undergrad into a PhD program are not doing what
         | you would consider publishable research for a number of years,
         | and what work they do is usually _heavily_ based on a
         | foundation of research that was laid to get funding in the
         | first place (usually by the professor), based on ideas that
         | have been thought of and refined over a number of an entire
         | research career (not by the grad student doing the  "actual
         | work"). Grad students may have great technical ability, but
         | they have next to 0 research sense and ability. As I said,
         | doing research is _so_ much more than the technical aspects and
         | writing the paper.
         | 
         | Grad students love to feel like since they got a paper
         | published, that they are 100% responsible for what happened in
         | that paper, and I just have to ask: where were you 2 years ago
         | when I was up at 4am finalizing the Nth draft of the grant
         | application, based on research that I have been working on
         | since 6 years before that? Oh, you were partying, drunk off
         | your ass at a frat in undergrad, and when I started this
         | research project you were learning your times tables. So tell
         | me again how you're 100% responsible for the results here, and
         | I'm just taking credit for all you have done on your own?
         | 
         | Sorry if you haven't noticed this post has turned into a rant
         | at someone I have in mind, not at you. But I just needed to say
         | this.
        
           | Ar-Curunir wrote:
           | I'm sorry, but you sound like a terrible, patronizing
           | advisor; anyone who views their students as "cogs in the
           | machine" is someone I would not want to work with.
           | 
           | Yes, professors work hard, but let's not kid ourselves that
           | they're involved with the nitty-gritty research work. You
           | just sound like someone who's bitter at young people.
        
             | ModernMech wrote:
             | Again, kindly see my reply about attacking me personally.
             | If you feel affronted by my calling grad students cogs,
             | make a case for why they are not. I spend plenty of time
             | shaping those cogs into fine researchers, and they're all
             | better for it, so my results speak for themselves. But
             | you're kidding yourself if you think a green 22 year old
             | fresh out of undergrad is able to perform at a level much
             | higher than a cog in a research lab. There's usually a
             | researcher in there, but it takes _a lot_ of work, usually
             | years, to properly shape their minds.
             | 
             | I'm quite young myself so I don't understand why you would
             | say I'm bitter at young people, but I guess it just goes to
             | show I hit a nerve and you want to lash out at me even
             | though you know nothing about me, not even my age. You want
             | to form an opinion about me and my personality and my
             | entire professional posture based on a rant go ahead, but
             | keep it to yourself.
             | 
             | As for professors not being involved in the nitty gritty
             | research, there's just no basis for this statement. Like I
             | said I've spent almost a literal decade getting my research
             | agenda up and running, and that's pretty much the common
             | case. It takes at least 6 years to get tenure. Students
             | joining me today are getting involved in a project that
             | began when they were preteens. Students claiming full
             | credit over research done at that point is pure hubris.
             | 
             | How do you think research labs come to be without
             | professors getting involved in the "nitty gritty"? Research
             | happens over a long timescale, longer than any one grad
             | student's tenure.
        
           | thylacine222 wrote:
           | lol I hope for the sake of your graduate students that your
           | institution has a union. Your personality sounds exactly like
           | the countless professors I've seen abuse their workers.
        
             | ModernMech wrote:
             | edit: sorry I'm just going to disengage from this, I feel
             | trolled so that's that. If you want to interrogate my
             | position, then maybe ask a question. No questions have been
             | asked so an interrogation is not what's taking place here.
             | 
             | Ranting about a third party not involved in the discussion
             | here, who nobody knows, is completely different than
             | writing a response to someone, attacking them directly, and
             | calling into question their professional capabilities
             | directly, then doubling down and tripling down on that even
             | after they asked you to stop is just rude and unnecessarily
             | antagonistic. I asked you to make a point a couple times
             | now and you don't have a point to make except to attack me
             | personally, so kindly find someone else to troll.
        
               | thylacine222 wrote:
               | i'm sure that your students are very happy to criticize
               | the person that pays them, and who has a complex about
               | them not being deserving enough, to their face
               | 
               | edit: if you expect to be able to use your own anecdotes
               | as evidence against unionization, expect them to actually
               | be interrogated. if this is how you handle conflict with
               | a random person on the internet, i shudder to imagine how
               | you handle conflict with someone who works for you.
        
               | thylacine222 wrote:
               | bruh you spent all of your first post writing a rant
               | attacking one of your grad students don't act all high
               | and mighty now
        
         | SantalBlush wrote:
         | I just went through this with a small grant. My only colleague
         | in our dept. quit just before COVID started, so I was doing
         | both full-time jobs on the grant. The university froze hiring
         | _and_ raises in 2020. I wrote all reports, wrote the new grant,
         | handled all of the budgeting and admin. In late 2021, our PI
         | retired and we finally filled the vacant admin position, so I
         | had to train the new hire and the new PI about how the grant
         | worked.
         | 
         | During that time, I received zero merit raises, and as a thanks
         | from the university, they took more money from the grant so we
         | could no longer afford a research assistant. My new colleague
         | with zero years of experience was hired at the same rate as me;
         | she almost immediately started venting to me how she doesn't
         | get paid enough. She wants to earn a big promotion, so she is
         | making her own changes to our reports that end up taking a lot
         | more time. I put my notice in last week. I need to recharge for
         | a month or two before I get back out there.
         | 
         | Basically, most of the value I created went to the university
         | and our PI, and I was expected to be thankful for the
         | opportunity. In spite of that, I think I left the dept. in
         | better shape than it was in when I arrived.
        
         | cycomanic wrote:
         | You write like the professors are just sitting around raking in
         | the glory, but not doing anything while they let everyone else
         | does the work. The reality is that professors tend to work just
         | as hard as their grad students. I completely agree that
         | academia is very disfunctional, but it actually affects all
         | levels. I am familiar with many academics that work >60h a week
         | every week, in fact I believe the most outrageous examples of
         | overworking grad students comes from academics who work crazy
         | hours and expect everyone else to do the same.
         | 
         | What many don't see is that the way academic financing works is
         | that academics spend probably >30% of their time on writing
         | grants and evaluating others grants and then they have to
         | report on the grants as well. Then there is all sort of other
         | buerocratic work that they have to do, and the view by most of
         | the admin staff that surround them is that academic time is not
         | counted, which means most reporting systems are made so it's
         | easy for the administrators but not the academics.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | > You write like the professors are just sitting around
           | raking in the glory, but not doing anything while they let
           | everyone else does the work.
           | 
           | I've worked at two major research universities in multiple
           | labs. While this is not entirely true, it is more true than
           | not.
           | 
           | Professors work hard, but many are not working hard on the
           | actual research work, especially once they have been tenured
           | for a long time.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | It depends on the lab. Just like in private industries,
             | some superiors merely phone it in, while others are a lot
             | more hands on with their subordinates.
        
         | aardvarks wrote:
         | It's true that professors rely on grad students/postdocs to do
         | work. And, at least in my experience, advisors are actually
         | pretty good about giving students credit for their work --
         | having successful students reflects well on the advisor. But a
         | student is even more dependent on their advisor than vice
         | versa. It's not like undergrad where the main thing that
         | matters to your future employment is to collect the diploma,
         | because for most fields the main reason to get a PhD is to
         | continue in academia, and academia right now is an extreme
         | employer's market. The things you need to leave grad school
         | with are 1) impressive recommendation letters, like "best
         | student in N years, reminiscent of <mid-career hotshot> at that
         | age", and 2) (lots of) refereed publications. If you manage
         | that, the diploma should be automatic.
         | 
         | Yes, you can push back against advisors who require 12 hrs a
         | day in lab. But if that means you take longer to produce work,
         | your letters might be just good instead of positively glowing,
         | which might mean you fail to launch in academia. Several
         | hundred other people will apply for each tenure track job you
         | apply to; those with "just good" letters tend to get crowded
         | out. The tenured advisor might have a bruised ego because their
         | publication rate has slowed, or be more frazzled because they
         | have to save money and write more proposals, but at least they
         | still have a job.
         | 
         | Also, PIs themselves generally work a lot as well (often the
         | ones insisting on lots of hours from their students think,
         | rightly or wrongly but based on their own experience, that
         | that's the only way to succeed....). I agree academia is
         | broken, but think it's at a deep structural level, and more
         | complicated than schools exploiting students and hanging them
         | out to dry.
        
           | adminprof wrote:
           | I think your comment is pretty spot on. Just three things I'd
           | add to, are that 1) the advisor is not intentionally
           | downgrading your letter to "just good", but it's that they're
           | obligated to write a better than "just good" letter for
           | someone who has been more productive both in terms of
           | research and in being a leader in the community (these two
           | things go hand in hand). Writing the same letter for two
           | students regardless of what they accomplish would be unfair.
           | 
           | And 2) sometimes getting more funding is simply not possible,
           | as in the advisor has basically reached the limit of what
           | they can do. There's a limit to the number of proposals that
           | one can submit and the number of calls that fit their
           | research agenda. So what I think you're missing is that if an
           | advisor has less funding, there's going to be more pressure
           | to finish sooner and less freedom to explore ideas beyond
           | what's written in a previous grant proposal.
           | 
           | 3) I've never heard of a tenured professor that concerned
           | about their publication rate. In fact, most of them don't
           | even update their CVs or websites with the last few years of
           | papers. It's always the student who is trying to get more
           | papers.
        
       | TheMagicHorsey wrote:
       | There's a rot in US academia ... ballooning costs, useless
       | degrees that confer no perceivable boost in the job market,
       | swollen bureaucracies. Unions might help one part of the
       | ecosystem: the grad students, but it could also make overall
       | reform harder.
       | 
       | I look at US Academia's complexities and it seems to me an easier
       | approach to reform is to start from scratch via new institutions.
        
       | throwaway787544 wrote:
       | I think this is what's needed on a massive scale to end rent-
       | seeking by publishers.
       | 
       | The problem as I see it is two-fold: one, the academic
       | institution requires publishing to an esteemed journal. And two,
       | the esteemed journal seeks exorbitant fees because they know the
       | institutions want esteemed journals. If a union forced the
       | institutions to stop requiring publishing to esteemed journals,
       | and instead formed boards of reviewers that gave ratings to pre-
       | prints on a donation-based server, then the big publishers would
       | have to adapt dramatically new pricing to compete.
        
       | bjt2n3904 wrote:
       | I remember when I was in graduate school doing engineering, a
       | union rep wandered into my lab to try and sell me on the idea.
       | 
       | I got into the program because I was the best at what I did. It
       | paid for tuition, medical, and a little extra on top.
       | 
       | And this guy wanted to tell me that I didn't have it good enough,
       | and I could have it better if he became a middleman? And that my
       | program director was "greedy" and keeping all the fat for
       | himself?
       | 
       | I asked him what program he was in, he wasn't even a student at
       | the University. Asked him what he got his degree in, and he told
       | me some nonsense non-STEM degree.
       | 
       | He was a worthless parasite, with no marketable skills but to
       | leech off what other students worked for. I told him in no
       | uncertain terms to get out of the lab, and if he ever came back
       | I'd call campus police on him.
        
       | slothtrop wrote:
       | Is this unprecedented for grad students?
        
         | oceliker wrote:
         | There's another school down the street from MIT where the grad
         | students already have a union.
        
         | Ar-Curunir wrote:
         | No, grad students have been unionizing across the country,
         | including Berkeley, Columbia, and many other places
        
         | asdflawje5qwa35 wrote:
         | No, not unprecedented, see my earlier comment:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30969055 TL;DR is many
         | grad students at UW Madison had a union until about 10 years
         | ago.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | No, I'm surprised MIT wasn't already. Big arrogant institutions
         | really require a union.
        
         | jrochkind1 wrote:
         | I assume you mean in the USA specifically. No, it is not
         | unprecedented for grad students to have a union and a union
         | contract. It has been slowly gaining steam in the USA over the
         | past 20 years -- as the US NLRB keeps changing it's mind about
         | whether graduate students have the legal right to protections
         | to organize unions (and sometimes different for public vs
         | private universities).
         | 
         | I went looking for a list, and found the wikipedia article has
         | some kind of old statistics (anyone wanna try to find newer
         | ones and update it?), but let's you know it's not
         | unprecedented: "As of 2014, there are at least 33 US graduate
         | employee unions, 18 unrecognized unions in the United States,
         | and 23 graduate employee unions in Canada," and "Since 2000,
         | more than twenty campuses have unionized." --https://en.wikiped
         | ia.org/wiki/Graduate_student_employee_unio...
         | 
         | I haven't found a complete list, but some mentioned in the
         | wikipedia article are Oregon State University, Michigan State
         | University, Temple University, the University of Washington,
         | and Columbia.
         | 
         | They are still more common at public than private schools, and
         | I think it may be that none of the Ivy League universities have
         | graduate student unions? MIT is not technically an Ivy, but is
         | usually considered in the same tier of
         | prestige/funding/quality. So in that sense MIT unionization is
         | ground-breaking.
        
         | sseagull wrote:
         | When I was a grad student at a public university, we were
         | affiliated with a larger union (CWA, Communication Workers of
         | America IIRC). So not unheard of I guess.
         | 
         | Exactly what benefits we got I don't remember, but things got
         | interesting once when CWA was talking about striking :)
         | 
         | Edit: This about 10-15 years ago
        
       | hervature wrote:
       | As someone who just finished their PhD, I fear these unionization
       | efforts will have the exact opposite effect that the students are
       | aiming for. In particular, many universities provide subsidized
       | housing in some of the most expensive places in the US. Housing
       | is not a bargainable. The direct consequence is that universities
       | will kick graduate students out of the housing, replace them with
       | undergrad students to pay for the 10% wage increase. So the grad
       | students get the 10% raise with a 50% housing increase. Grad
       | students really are not in a position to bargain for much as they
       | work 20 hours to earn their salaries which is most often
       | teaching. They can easily be replaced with a lecturer whose full
       | time equivalent already matches PhD stipends at this tier of
       | universities. At least the last time I saw the numbers.
       | Furthermore, who wants to lose a year of PhD when they already
       | take so long to complete? Striking would really lower your
       | lifetime earnings by delaying your real earnings another year.
       | Furthermore, many other union benefits are moot in the PhD
       | setting. Grievances with your supervisor are irrelevant because
       | you're supervisor cannot be replaced. Or, again, the pain of
       | replacement is burdened by the student.
       | 
       | The democratic process is the democratic process and so I respect
       | their decision but grad students unionizing is really more
       | complex than the workforce. In particular, the union is turning
       | over every 5-8 years. It is quite possible no one wants the union
       | after those who voted it in and don't have a choice not to join.
       | Your PhD is defined by your advisor and my #1 advice to future
       | PhD students is to pick your school based on advisor before
       | location and other things. What this means is that your choice to
       | "join" the union is incredibly overshadowed by external forces.
       | 
       | Again, as someone who went through this very recently, the
       | problem is the power imbalance between the institution and the
       | students. They have complete control over your supply of labor.
       | That is, many (all?) US universities usually have the policy "any
       | outside job is considered incompatible with full time PhD work
       | and grounds for removal from the program". To me, forcing
       | universities to pay students their prevailing market rate would
       | solve all these issues. The first step towards this would be a
       | cultural shift that allows part time PhD and moving towards PhD
       | students being employees and not students. This would require a
       | massive change to the F1 visas to allow international students to
       | work which really pinpoints the root cause of all of this. PhD
       | students are really in this strange limbo of being neither a
       | student nor an employee. This limbo allows the university to use
       | whichever definition fits their prerogative just like the NCAA.
       | For instance, PhD students want more pay but the university
       | decreases tuition assistance, nothing has changed.
        
         | dls2016 wrote:
         | I did a math PhD at USCB, where grad students are represented
         | by the UAW. I didn't find any of this to be true, in particular
         | the university would not be able to provide the same level of
         | service without graduate student TAs.
        
           | hervature wrote:
           | > I didn't find any of this to be true
           | 
           | Any of what? You felt with the union that you could change
           | your advisor on a dime? How many of your fellow students did
           | so?
           | 
           | > the university would not be able to provide the same level
           | of service without graduate student TAs
           | 
           | Just factually not true. The difference between a senior and
           | a first year PhD student is quite literally one year. Plus,
           | graduate student TAs are not the university's only source of
           | TAs. At $100k/year, there would be many former PhDs willing
           | to work at the university full time. That's what I meant by
           | full time equivalent. My stipend as a PhD student was $35k
           | plus subsidized housing. That's already pretty aggressively
           | close to the upper bound.
        
             | dls2016 wrote:
             | At my institution the 9-month pay was less than $25k per
             | year (from 2010-2016) with subsidized housing (still pretty
             | expensive) and family on MediCal when my wife worked part
             | time.
             | 
             | How are you going to replace 50 TAs with full time
             | employees? Class sizes were already 700 students in basic
             | calculus and up to 300 in engineering calculus.
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | I made 16-19k/yr as a chem TA 09-11 there IIRC
        
               | hervature wrote:
               | The median household income in California is $77.5k [1].
               | I'll emphasize household. Your 9-month pay was for 20
               | hours, that means $25k is actually $66.6k annualized
               | which does not include your subsidized housing nor for
               | inflation. The economics just simply is not there. Sure,
               | students might be able to squeak 10-20% in wage increase
               | at the cost of all other university voluntary support
               | such as student group support and things like free gym
               | memberships.
               | 
               | Furthermore, I can very easily see one "professional" TA
               | replacing 5 grad students. Just use HN search to find how
               | many people's advisors told them that teaching does not
               | win Nobel prizes. To be frank, most (not all) grad
               | students do the job poorly. First, the professional TA
               | automatically is 2 grad students because they can devote
               | twice as much time, but then there is economies of scale
               | where they can teach the same stuff multiple times in the
               | larger classes. Again, the number of people would would
               | be signing up to be a professional calculus TA for $100k
               | would be very high.
               | 
               | [1] - https://fred.stlouisfed.org/series/MEHOINUSCAA646N
        
               | polygamous_bat wrote:
               | Sure, you switch out four calculus TAs for calculus with
               | professional TAs. Who is going to TA deep reinforcement
               | learning, or under-actuated robotics, or any of the
               | major-specific courses that takes a lot of relevant
               | knowledge to actually teach properly? Any of the people
               | out there who has the insights to TA these classes
               | thoroughly enough are gonna point and laugh at you if you
               | offer them anything below $200K.
               | 
               | Also, seems like you are completely ignoring the actual
               | "labor" that the graduate students provide for their
               | research labs. The number of professors in Computer
               | Science at MIT who actually writes code at least once a
               | week may shock you, but the truth is, for MIT to be on
               | the top of the food chain someone needs to keep the
               | wheels turning.
        
               | hervature wrote:
               | > Who is going to TA deep reinforcement learning
               | 
               | Funny aside, did you find my thesis? :D.
               | 
               | > Also, seems like you are completely ignoring the actual
               | "labor"
               | 
               | But I'm not, you are literally not paid for that (unless
               | you are a research assistant). That is "studying" which I
               | keep pointing out is the whole issue. Which feeds back to
               | your point about highly-specific knowledge TAs. The
               | implicit agreement is that the university provides you
               | with the training required to TA these classes in
               | exchange for being a TA. They normally call this waived
               | tuition. That is, they are supplying you with a +50k
               | benefit for free which is how they draw many people to
               | begin with.
        
               | polygamous_bat wrote:
               | > Funny aside, did you find my thesis? :D.
               | 
               | Not particularly, I gave that example because I was TAing
               | that class last semester. Incidentally, it seems we have
               | more in common than I thought!
               | 
               | > But I'm not, you are literally not paid for that
               | (unless you are a research assistant).
               | 
               | This may be a difference in experience and expectation,
               | but in my experience I've always seen graduate student
               | salaries paid out to Ph.D. students employed by the
               | university as an RA or a TA. If you are neither of those,
               | then you do have to pay tuition to the university.
               | 
               | > That is, they are supplying you with a +50k benefit...
               | 
               | Which is another problem with not having a union -- the
               | university unilaterally sets these price stickers without
               | anyone challenging them, and then "waives" it and
               | appearing generous. Without a union, MIT is free to
               | inflate the sticker price of a graduate "education" by
               | 20% a year, thus giving students a 20% raise every year
               | while their life situations don't improve at all. The
               | current student body had no mechanism to prevent it or
               | challenge the administration on shady practices, but
               | hopefully this will change with the union.
               | 
               | > The implicit agreement is that the university provides
               | you with the training required to TA these classes in
               | exchange for being a TA.
               | 
               | Finally, most Ph.D. students after their second year
               | won't even take a class but are already TAing, so by your
               | definition the necessary training is already complete;
               | but they are indentured to work for far below market rate
               | for the three years left on their Ph.D., because...?
        
               | hervature wrote:
               | > Ph.D. students employed by the university as an RA or a
               | TA.
               | 
               | The vast majority of students are paid through TA (which
               | you have admitted that you were last semester). This
               | means all your other "duties" was your "study". I agree
               | with everything you say, but there is literally nothing a
               | union can do about these things because it these things
               | are not your job. I know it feels like a job. Writing
               | code, SSHing into the cluster, analyzing results. All
               | things that I continued to due in my industry job after
               | graduation. But, this is the key part students don't seem
               | to understand, you are not employed by the university to
               | do this. It does not matter if it is part of a course.
               | This is the sole reason international students are able
               | to come on F1/J1. Legally and practically, you are doing
               | this under the guidance of your advisor. Others have
               | commented in this thread as well, RA becomes very
               | difficult to separate what an RA tasks are and what your
               | PhD student tasks are, but this is the crux of the issue.
               | Your union might be able to fight for increase RA pay,
               | but your advisor/department/university can just forego
               | your RA and accept your student work.
               | 
               | > If you are neither of those, then you do have to pay
               | tuition to the university.
               | 
               | Then you are not an employee and cannot unionize. At
               | least, not in a trade union.
               | 
               | > Which is another problem with not having a union -- the
               | university unilaterally sets these price stickers without
               | anyone challenging them, and then "waives" it and
               | appearing generous...
               | 
               | This is the problem with these unions. They make it
               | appear to the students that they can solve these
               | problems, but they legally cannot. A union cannot bargain
               | for these things. Just like a union cannot bargain with
               | Ford on the price of a F150, a grad student union cannot
               | tell the university how to run its programs. At least at
               | my institution, some students thought that, if we
               | unionized, they could negotiate for fewer teaching
               | requirements. The very thing that makes them employees
               | and eligible to be in the union.
        
         | lolinder wrote:
         | > Again, as someone who went through this very recently, the
         | problem is the power imbalance between the institution and the
         | students. They have complete control over your supply of labor.
         | 
         | I'm pretty sure people were saying the same things during the
         | early labor movements. "They'll just replace you, they have all
         | the control, you'll just screw up your life." The thing is,
         | they were probably right. For a while it really sucked. But the
         | result in the long run was that the generations that followed
         | ended up starting with a much less lopsided power imbalance.
         | 
         | You acknowledge that there are problems and have ideas for
         | where you'd like things to go. What you don't have is a
         | proposal for bringing about the cultural shift you desire. How
         | do you propose to get schools to allow part-time work or to
         | change any other bad practice if _not_ through organizing the
         | workers?
        
           | caddemon wrote:
           | Organizing workers does not necessarily require joining a
           | huge national labor union that was obviously not meant for
           | the type of problems grad students face. It's fucking weird
           | to me that so many schools have joined United Auto Workers. I
           | don't see any real changes to the problems with academic
           | training at any of those schools. And I don't see why UE will
           | be better here. The power imbalance in grad school is very
           | different from the typical labor situations:
           | 
           | 1) Grad student roles are extremely heterogeneous compared to
           | laborers. The union at Harvard for example is trying to
           | represent both TAs and RAs, in departments ranging from
           | literature to biology to math, all as part of one collective
           | bargaining agreement. There are huge differences in the
           | problems those students face, and that's before getting into
           | how different student experiences can be even amongst e.g.
           | biology RAs.
           | 
           | 2) Grad students receive atypical compensation, not just the
           | degree itself but also things that are clearly not quantified
           | by the union orgs - the (often falsely promised) academic
           | freedom to pursue independent research interests and the time
           | and resources to do some learning for the sake of it.
           | Further, for RAs it can be impossible to untangle work that
           | counts towards the degree requirement and work that is being
           | done in exchange for stipend/other benefits.
           | 
           | 3) Graduate school is only a short portion of someone's
           | overall career in the grand scheme of things, while existing
           | unions mainly focus on jobs that can be/often are lifelong.
           | Grad school is by definition a stepping stone. Nobody asks
           | "what do you want to do when you're done being a cop".
           | 
           | 4) Most grad students at least enter their programs with the
           | goal of themselves reaching professorship. Auto workers are
           | not trying to build towards owning an automobile factory.
           | 
           | 5) There is not a sub-20% acceptance rate for becoming an
           | electrical worker. At many of the schools that are forming
           | unions lately, there are tons of departments with highly
           | competitive admissions processes for the PhD. Some at MIT are
           | easily in the single digits acceptance rate, and this is
           | amongst a specialized pool to begin with.
        
           | hervature wrote:
           | Thank you for actually engaging in a meaningful discussion.
           | 
           | > How do you propose to get schools to allow part-time work
           | or to change any other bad practice if not through organizing
           | the workers?
           | 
           | I alluded to it, but this change requires massive changes at
           | the government level. The first thing I would like to see
           | changed is that universities cannot count waived tuition as a
           | cost of a grad student. Trump actually proposed to tax these
           | waivers taxed at the individual level. Short term, this would
           | have crushed students. But, imagine working for a car
           | dealership and part of your pay was a new car, of course it
           | should be taxed. This tax would have really brought this
           | distortion that this causes in the market. Second, the
           | student-employee limbo needs to be solved. Personally, I
           | think being allowed to pay your PhD tuition should be
           | allowed. That is, if I can make $100k outside, I should be
           | allowed to pay $50k in tuition and work at my own pace. I
           | don't want to advocate for government intervention, but it
           | seems to me that if there is a tuition, that is an implicit
           | admission that that is the price a student would need to pay
           | for the services of being a student. After the university
           | admits me, they should have no control which route I decide
           | to go: TA + research or work + research. This would require
           | rethinking the F1/J1 visa.
           | 
           | Now, why do I think organizing workers won't solve this
           | issue. Because, it does not break the student-employee limbo.
           | As I have pointed out in other comments, PhD students enjoy
           | many benefits of being a student. Chief among them,
           | international students can come here to "study". However, the
           | problem is that your status at the university is dependent on
           | your progress as a student with many programs having hard
           | caps on the number of years to complete certain tasks. This
           | is fundamentally opposed to organized labor because they
           | cannot bargain for changing degree requirements.
        
       | nharada wrote:
       | I was in a grad student union at University of Michigan and it
       | was awesome. Compared to my colleagues at other institutions I
       | got better pay (especially taking cost of living into account)
       | and insanely good healthcare. When our stipend contracts were up
       | for re-negotiation I never had to worry someone didn't have my
       | back, which is great cause as a grad student I was far too busy
       | to worry about that myself.
        
       | Rovanion wrote:
       | Coming from Sweden I'm surprised they aren't already. Do you also
       | not have student unions to represent you until you reach
       | undergrad?
        
         | Bilal_io wrote:
         | Yeah that's weird, I wish this included undergraduate students
         | as well. But maybe there is a reason behind it that I don't
         | understand.
        
           | ethbr0 wrote:
           | Including undergraduates, who are primarily paying consumers,
           | would have muddied the waters. Graduate students are clearly
           | workers under any definition.
        
             | pas wrote:
             | Aren't there paid graduate programs in the US?
        
               | hypersoar wrote:
               | All Ph.D. programs nominally charge tuition, but hardly
               | any students (at least in STEM, don't know about
               | elsewhere) pay it. They get a stipend plus a "tuition
               | waiver".
        
               | UncleMeat wrote:
               | Masters programs are typically where you pay tuition and
               | receive training via classes. PhD programs don't have
               | much classwork and instead are positions where students
               | are paid by the university but are expected to perform
               | labor to produce original research.
        
               | pas wrote:
               | Hm, here in Hungary PhD students can opt to do zero
               | teaching[0], and also the tuition is 4500 EUR/semester
               | (and students from the EU can apply for grants that
               | covers 100% of tuition). And on top of all this it's
               | possible to work for the university, which apart from the
               | salary also results in the elimination of certain costs
               | (eg. if someone is not employed by the university they
               | have to pay to have their thesis examined and pay for the
               | exam committee or something).
               | 
               | https://www.inf.elte.hu/en/content/doctoral-
               | training.t.1616?...
               | 
               | [0] I expect that if someone wants to do a PhD in
               | teaching methodology they might have to still do some
               | teaching
        
           | beezlebroxxxxxx wrote:
           | Graduate students are employees of the university. There are
           | usually other unions at universities for employees, and
           | undergraduate students working in universities can sometimes
           | be in those unions as well, but graduate students as
           | employees face some unique circumstances due to their
           | employment and as a result often form their own union.
           | 
           | Traditionally for better or for worse, undergraduate
           | representation comes by way of a student council, with a
           | single person elected to a chair on the larger university
           | advisory council (the structure can be different depending on
           | the university, I'm generalizing).
        
             | Bilal_io wrote:
             | I thought graduate students were paying customers. Now this
             | makes much sense. Thank you.
        
               | waswaswas wrote:
               | There's a distinction in the US between fully-funded PhD
               | graduate students (who receive a stipend contingent upon
               | research/TA work in an employment relationship) and
               | professional/masters students who pay tuition, even
               | though the latter group is also referred to as graduate
               | students.
        
               | neltnerb wrote:
               | Yes, they needed to be RAs or TAs (including hourly
               | appointments or fellowship appointments accompanied by a
               | partial RA/TA appointment).
               | 
               | https://mitgsu.org/updates/we-have-an-election-date-vote-
               | yes...
               | 
               | Note that for instance if you're there with a fellowship
               | and aren't getting a partial RA/TA assignment as well
               | then you're not eligible. I know that some masters
               | students pay for their tuition, so they might not be
               | eligible either since they're not getting a stipend.
        
           | kingkawn wrote:
           | They are cash farms for a university and must be kept docile
           | and disorganized
        
         | oceliker wrote:
         | I believe you are thinking about representative bodies (maybe
         | the equivalent of UA for undergrads, or GSC for grads, at MIT)
         | while the union in the news is employment-based and is the sole
         | legally recognized entity to negotiate salaries, employment
         | conditions, etc. on behalf of MIT graduate students.
        
         | timkam wrote:
         | In Sweden, students and graduate students are well-
         | organized/unionized, but the situation for PostDocs and other
         | post-doctoral fixed-term employed academics is dire
         | nonetheless, in particular for immigrants, for whom the fixed-
         | term contracts cause problems with their residence permits,
         | considering recent changes in immigration laws.
        
           | cycomanic wrote:
           | And recent changes by the government have actually made it
           | worse. The irony is that the unions have been campaigning for
           | these changes. It's really weird how unions think that
           | requiring that postdocs must get a permanent position after 4
           | years would somehow lead to them getting those positions,
           | while there is no more funding from the government, so no
           | permanent positions are being created. I mean in our
           | department academic faculty have to find 50% of their salary
           | plus ~80% overhead from external funding. Really universities
           | in Sweden tend to be more like research hotels, with lots of
           | regulations that you have to follow.
        
         | avgcorrection wrote:
         | Why is it surprising? MIT is based in Massachusetts, USA.
        
         | mpascale00 wrote:
        
         | dmitriid_y wrote:
         | There are usually "student council" programs that give a
         | handful of elected students a regular audience with
         | administrators, but most of these programs don't have any
         | teeth.
         | 
         | Graduate student council programs in particular are often built
         | as a compromise to prevent the students from forming an
         | organization with greater efficacy.
         | 
         | Anecdotally, some PIs I know have had to directly contend with
         | rising organization among students and handed out a raise and a
         | bonus to their labs.
        
       | jl2718 wrote:
       | Is this not a direct violation of the student visa?
        
         | thylacine222 wrote:
         | Why would it be? International workers have the same labor
         | rights that American workers do.
        
       | tomohawk wrote:
       | They don't say how the election was done. Was it secret ballot,
       | or one of the union-favored methods such as card check. The non-
       | secret ballot methods are notorious for allowing pressure tactics
       | to be used.
       | 
       | Do grad students still have a right to work without joining, or
       | will they be forced to join?
        
       | Quillbert182 wrote:
       | For the uninformed, what is the purpose of a student union?
        
         | beezlebroxxxxxx wrote:
         | Graduate students are paid by the university. Unlike
         | undergraduate student unions, graduate student unions are
         | actual unions in the workers sense. They have the same purpose
         | as any other employee union would: protect the students from
         | arbitrary and capricious changes to working conditions, and to
         | negotiate for better conditions/represent the students in the
         | event of negotiations.
        
         | jasode wrote:
         | _> , what is the purpose of a student union?_
         | 
         | I'm guessing the _" student"_ part of _" graduate student"_ is
         | the confusion.
         | 
         | Fyi... grad students are also _employees_ of the university. So
         | a labor union applies to the  "workers" aspect of graduate
         | students. Grad students get paid a stipend (salary) for
         | research, teaching, etc. It's a _" workers union"_ and not a
         | "student union".
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graduate_student_employee_unio...
        
         | mynameishere wrote:
         | The purpose of a union is to make more money for their members
         | and to handle infractions committed by their members
         | internally. This is the purpose of almost all organizations.
        
         | trentnix wrote:
         | When it's used responsibly, it's a great way to make sure union
         | members are being treated reasonably and fairly. When not, it's
         | an easy way to extort your employer.
         | 
         | Eventually, Pournelle's Law Iron Law of Bureaucracy takes hold
         | and the purpose of the union is to strengthen the union
         | regardless of the needs of its members.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | urthor wrote:
         | Elect leadership. Who then negotiates with the faculty.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | What leverage do they have? Worker's unions work because they
           | can threaten to withhold labor. Are those students seriously
           | going to not attend MIT? An institution as prestigious as MIT
           | probably has no trouble finding replacements.
        
             | hiptobecubic wrote:
             | "MIT fires entire graduate student body in union-busting
             | move" is probably not a great look for them.
        
               | sjg007 wrote:
               | The would use the term "expells" because they want to say
               | they are students and not employees.
        
               | stale2002 wrote:
               | At which point there would be a lawsuit, and they would
               | lose the lawsuit.
               | 
               | Labor labors are an established thing. If a union is
               | approved by the government, then they would have
               | protections.
        
             | willis936 wrote:
             | When you run a research group: one student leaving is no
             | big deal, every student leaving is a catastrophe. Who's
             | going to fund you when you have no one to do the work? It
             | takes years to get grad students up to speed. All wind is
             | drained from the sails and you need to waste your precious
             | time rebuilding. All because you didn't want to treat your
             | workers like humans.
        
             | ethbr0 wrote:
             | Withhold work via a strike? See how many labs run and MIT
             | grants are retained without a graduate student labor force.
        
               | caddemon wrote:
               | Except withholding research work also means ceasing
               | degree progress in practice. For some types of work it
               | could mean setting degree progress back months -
               | experiments can be very time sensitive in some fields,
               | and thesis committee will often require certain
               | experiments to graduate.
               | 
               | TAs striking has been somewhat effective, but RAs mostly
               | don't actually strike.
        
             | danuker wrote:
             | Same kind of thinking led to empires breaking up.
             | 
             | Failure to accept feedback makes for a fragile institution.
             | Since the students decided to unionize, clearly their
             | issues are not being heard, and a union will have a much
             | stronger public voice than any individual student, perhaps
             | on par with the university's brand and PR campaigns.
        
         | cmeacham98 wrote:
         | In this case, the union is for grad students employed by the
         | university (i.e. it has the same purpose as a normal union).
        
         | cowsandmilk wrote:
         | 1. Protect students from advisors who want them to work 100
         | hour weeks.
         | 
         | 2. Get dental insurance for the students. Almost no US graduate
         | school offers this.
        
           | selimthegrim wrote:
           | Dental insurance is a scam.
        
             | leetcrew wrote:
             | not necessarily. most plans seem to be pretty bad at
             | covering major work, but every plan I've had has paid out
             | more for my two yearly cleanings than I pay in premiums,
             | making it a no brainer.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | memish wrote:
             | Because it pays out so little or what?
        
               | xur17 wrote:
               | Yeah, basically. Most dental insurance I've seen has a
               | "benefit maximum" [0], the maximum amount the plan will
               | cover in a 12 month period, I've seen numbers from 1.5k
               | to 3k for this. Since the coverage is capped, and capped
               | so low, it's arguably not really "insurance", and isn't
               | really protecting me.
               | 
               | That said, to a graduate student, $3k can be a non-
               | negligible amount of money, and the school is likely
               | kicking in money to pay for the plan. In my position, if
               | my company didn't subsidize the plan, I'd be happy to
               | just go without.
               | 
               | [0] https://deltadentalks.com/knowledge/what-is-an-
               | annual-maximu...
        
       | MrPatan wrote:
       | Economics students? That'd be delicious
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | asdflawje5qwa35 wrote:
       | UW Madison teaching assistants were represented by a union [1,2]
       | between 1970 and 2011, when its status was abruptly terminated by
       | conservative political forces in Wisconsin. When the union was
       | active, it was pretty clear that negotiating was not its
       | strength, but the union was always available to help people
       | navigate day-to-day problems that come up. Maybe it is just
       | coincidence, but multiple independent accounts detailing toxic
       | work environments within UW have been reported in recent years.
       | 
       | [1] https://taa-madison.org
       | 
       | [2]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teaching_Assistants_Associatio...
        
         | rossdavidh wrote:
         | Did you mean "represented by a union" rather than "repressed by
         | a union"?
        
           | asdflawje5qwa35 wrote:
           | Yes! Edited to fix that.
        
       | rossdavidh wrote:
       | Unionization usually works when:
       | 
       | 1) the workers in question are not easily replaced (for example,
       | specialized skills or long training period before they become
       | productive)
       | 
       | 2) the workers in question are not easily able to switch
       | employers, so they need the protection of a union (instead of
       | just switching employers whenever they are unhappy, such that
       | they are normally happy)
       | 
       | There are lots of professions which either do not meet condition
       | 1 or do not meet condition 2. However, grad students would seem
       | to be a classic example of a group ripe for unionization.
        
         | slibhb wrote:
         | I think you're right. I'm usually skeptical of unionization but
         | it may make sense in this case. Grad students have little
         | leverage, the universities know this and use it.
         | 
         | I also think there are too many grad students but that's a
         | different issue.
        
           | rossdavidh wrote:
           | True on both.
        
       | citizenpaul wrote:
       | Good! The grad student system is incredibly broken. Grad students
       | are basically slaves at worst or indentured servants at best. The
       | worst part is the universitys all know this and dont care because
       | the university gets massive benifits from having highly educated
       | slaves producing intellectual property that can be sold and
       | licensed. The grad student of course gets no benifit from this.
       | Its like the work for exposure BS except worse because the
       | student often has no alternative. Especially foreign students on
       | tight immigration visa deadlines.
       | 
       | Thus doesnt even start to touch the IP subject where universities
       | are public funded and have no right to the IP produced there in
       | the first place...
        
         | andreyk wrote:
         | hmm, as a grad student a lot of this seems hugely hyperbolic to
         | me
         | 
         | "slaves at worst or indentured servants" is a rather harsh way
         | to put it, it's not like you can't quit your PhD (many people
         | do this after getting their Masters, so the times spent in the
         | program is not wasted).
         | 
         | "gets massive benifits from having highly educated slaves
         | producing intellectual property that can be sold and licensed"
         | is again way overstating things. Very little of research is
         | worth much as far as IP; in my 5 years as grad student I only
         | know of one research project that resulted in a patent. The
         | production of IP is much more of a thing in industry research,
         | as would make sense.
         | 
         | "The grad student of course gets no benifit from this." in CS
         | (especially AI, where I work) this is not really true, doing
         | research lets you get really good research positions in
         | industry, even assuming you don't want to stick around in
         | academia.
         | 
         | Don't get me wrong, there is a ton wrong about academia/the
         | grad student system. I really wish I was paid anything near my
         | value on the job market. But I think your view is way too
         | negative.
        
       | jrochkind1 wrote:
       | I was a graduate student with a research assistantship position
       | at the University of Washington in the mid 2000s, a few years
       | after they unionized and got a contract with the UAW.
       | 
       | By the time I was there, even though it was only a few years
       | after the union struggle, I didn't hear much about the union, at
       | least in my department.
       | 
       | But what I knew it meant was: we had good health insurance, we
       | had a guaranteed minimum stipend, we had the right to actually
       | take vacation during university vacations, and a certain number
       | of sick days. I knew from talking to oother students, that before
       | the union contract, grad students with assistantships didn't
       | necessarily have these things (it depended on department), and
       | sometimes literally got no vacation or allowed sick leave at all.
       | 
       | I was aware of no ways that the presence of a graduate student
       | union harmed the grad students involved -- to the contrary of
       | some suppositions in this thread. Grad student unions exist in
       | dozens of universities, some for years now, so it's possible to
       | look at actual experiences, not just forecasting supposition. I
       | was also aware of no ways the union harmed research or academics
       | at the university (beyond of course costing them more money to
       | treat the grad students right).
       | 
       | I wonder if a few years after I left, most grad students even
       | realized what the union had won for them. The union was not very
       | visible, once the fight for a contract was over.
        
         | changoplatanero wrote:
         | I was also a grad student at the University of Washington and
         | my feeling was that the union was a net-negative. I remember
         | one time in particular when my advisor had an extra funding
         | source for me but the union rules didn't allow her to hire me
         | in that position. It's hard for me to understand why business
         | the union has in inserting itself in between the relationship
         | between me and my advisor.
         | 
         | On top of that, the union took a portion of pay pay from each
         | check. I wish they would give me a refund.
        
         | chrisseaton wrote:
         | I was in a union as a PhD student. The union did nonsense
         | things like running a (bad) cafe. My pay was set by my funders
         | so the union didn't have any say on that or any leverage on
         | anything else at all really. Wasn't sure what the point was. I
         | just opted out after a while. I don't think they added anything
         | of value whatsoever.
        
       | typeofhuman wrote:
       | Unions can be good. They can be operated poorly and inefficiently
       | too. Good luck to them.
       | 
       | Consumer unions seem like a neat idea too.
        
         | willis936 wrote:
         | Graduate students are paid half time but expected to work full
         | time and have their entire career at the mercy of individual
         | professors. If protections will not be given freely then
         | collective bargaining can force the issue.
        
           | caddemon wrote:
           | Except this is still true at US schools that have had a union
           | for many years. The pay and benefits go up a little bit but
           | the fundamental issues remain. I've never even heard of a
           | grad union trying to bargain for true changes in funding
           | structure or degree requirements.
        
         | missedthecue wrote:
         | can't wait for company unions, where they band together to
         | achieve their objectives
        
           | occz wrote:
           | This already exists, in the form of various think tanks and
           | lobbying organisations.
           | 
           | Maybe that was the joke you were making though, I can't quite
           | tell.
        
             | missedthecue wrote:
             | No I'm talking about things like Ford, GM, and Chrysler
             | creating a group together to more effectively negotiate
             | with the UAW. Together, they are strong!
        
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