[HN Gopher] Microplastics found in live human lung tissue
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Microplastics found in live human lung tissue
        
       Author : prostoalex
       Score  : 189 points
       Date   : 2022-04-07 15:08 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.iflscience.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.iflscience.com)
        
       | avodonosov wrote:
       | How to stop that? High tax on plastic production?
        
         | phito wrote:
         | The cat's already out of the bag.
        
         | drekipus wrote:
         | I keep thinking about this, and I really wish it was that
         | simple.
         | 
         | Maybe attacking it from the other angle, recycling and
         | collection, might yield better results..
         | 
         | But people will always toss their junk food wrappers which
         | blows into the creeks and etc, there's a huge need for a
         | societal wide change and look at this stuff.
        
           | avodonosov wrote:
           | One does not exclude the other - the money from the tax can
           | be payed for the recicled plastic.
           | 
           | This is called "deposit return system".
        
       | t0bia_s wrote:
       | Is that surprising after two years of trusting in science that
       | told us to breath through masks? Even environmental activists
       | suddenly disappeared and was silence during covid. So much
       | plastic waste from masks, vaccines, tests, bags for lunches from
       | closed restaurants, etc... And suddenly there are microplasts
       | everywhere.
        
         | titzer wrote:
         | You're being downvoted, but you're not wrong. Microscopic
         | particles of whatever material masks are made of absolutely do
         | flake off and end up in your lungs.
         | 
         | Is that why the planet is full of microplastic pollution? Not
         | by a long shot. That'd mostly be due to snacks, water bottles,
         | fishing nets, toothbrushes, flip flops, packaging of all kinds,
         | beauty products, toothpaste...oy, the list is endless.
        
           | t0bia_s wrote:
           | Sure, but the waste and plastic production significantly
           | increased during covid. It was around 129 billion disposable
           | masks used every month around the world, according to the
           | American Chemical Society. I'm not sure if that number is
           | lowering or not with totalitarian Chinese policy.
           | 
           | - https://www.dailysabah.com/life/environment/disposable-
           | masks...
        
       | stevenjgarner wrote:
       | Wouldn't that follow if microplastics have already been found in
       | human blood? https://phys.org/news/2022-03-scientists-
       | microplastics-blood...
        
       | cwkoss wrote:
       | What are the most common sources of microplastics that are
       | retained in the human body? (Excreted microplastics concern me
       | less)
       | 
       | I would expect it is mostly synthetic fiber from clothing,
       | followed by processed food, but seems like we probably don't have
       | that data yet.
        
       | bantunes wrote:
       | We make fun of the Romans for eating out of lead plates and
       | slowly going crazy, and yet here we are surrounded by a substance
       | that might cause cognitive impairment as well
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7068600/
        
         | WithinReason wrote:
         | Is there any research on proven negative effects? This paper is
         | only about "potential" negative effects. From the conclusion:
         | 
         | Following the intake of microplastics into the human body,
         | their fate and effects are still controversial and not well
         | known. [...] Not enough information is available to fully
         | understand the implications of microplastics for human health;
        
           | istorical wrote:
           | Have you tried a cursory Google search? I don't know if you
           | refer specifically to the negative effects of microplastics
           | in lungs or microplastic exposure in general, but a search
           | for "microplastics human effects" will provide you with weeks
           | of reading material if you'd like to be depressed.
        
             | WithinReason wrote:
             | Microplastics in general. Maybe my googling skills are
             | failing me, but all I can find is about "potential" risks,
             | "possible" harm and unquantified in vitro studies, nothing
             | showing actual harm. Which leads me to believe that if so
             | many people are looking so hard for so long, maybe there is
             | nothing to find.
        
               | headmelted wrote:
               | That seems incredibly optimistic.
               | 
               | Asbestos exposure often takes up to 50 years to have a
               | detectable impact, then kills in short order.
               | 
               | Lead poisoning can take an incredibly long time to
               | identify unless you find the source of exposure up front.
               | 
               | Plastics haven't even existed for a century, and have
               | been ubiquitous only in the last few decades.
        
           | bamboozled wrote:
           | What do you think the likelihood of there being no negative
           | impacts will be ? Honestly?
           | 
           | I mean, there's a reason why you don't eat plastic packaging
           | and I'm sure it could be made to taste nice...
        
           | EGreg wrote:
           | As it accumulates more and more -- probably ! Like
           | acidification of the oceans is alright until it's not
        
           | jahewson wrote:
           | The Romans asked the same question.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | "effects are still controversial and not well known"
           | 
           | That's probably what the Romans were saying back then. Or
           | when uranium plates were used. Or when PFOAs were/are used in
           | good contact.
        
             | itslennysfault wrote:
             | I mean.... not just the Romans. We used Lead too. In pipes,
             | in paint, in gasoline. Everyone was literally breathing it
             | daily in all major cities until the mid 80s.
        
             | likpok wrote:
             | The Romans knew about and documented the risks of asbestos,
             | so don't be so sure.
             | 
             | They also knew about some of the risks of lead. Vitruvius
             | (during Augustus) wrote that water through clay pipes is
             | better and purer, and others comment about how the care you
             | need to take when preparing food in leaden vessels.
             | 
             | e.g. https://penelope.uchicago.edu/~grout/encyclopaedia_rom
             | ana/wi...
        
             | parineum wrote:
             | > That's probably what the Romans were saying back then
             | 
             | You can use that argument to support the implication that
             | everything might be dangerous.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | Technically everything does contain some level of danger.
               | We just say that something isn't dangerous when it falls
               | below some level (subjective or objective).
        
             | WithinReason wrote:
             | You could make the opposite argument about just as many
             | things. Remember COVID vaccines?
        
         | StreamBright wrote:
         | Very civilisation has its own poison. Romans were eating from
         | lead plates, we used to use lead in car fuel that made us dumb 
         | (https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2022/03/220307162011.h..
         | .) and now this. If humanity survives we are going to be those
         | crazy dumb people who used plastic.
        
           | e2le wrote:
           | > lead in car fuel that made us dumb
           | 
           | It wasn't just car fuel, we would also cover the walls of our
           | homes with lead paint. A practice that still continues in
           | some countries.
           | 
           | > As of 31 May 2020, 75 countries have confirmed they have
           | legally binding controls to limit the production, import and
           | sale of lead paints, which is 39% of all countries. In many
           | countries, using lead paint in homes and schools is not
           | prohibited, creating a significant risk of children's
           | exposure to lead.
           | 
           | https://www.who.int/news/item/31-05-2020-global-progress-
           | tow...
           | 
           | One has to wonder whether the individuals who insist on
           | selling lead paint have any morality or sense of ethics.
           | 
           | We've known about the harmful effects of lead additives in
           | paint since at least 1786 (efforts to ban lead paint began
           | around 1921) before it's ban in 1976 (US).
           | 
           | The unimaginable number of people who have likely being
           | afflicted by health issues (learning disabilities, poor
           | health, shortened lifespan) through no fault of their own,
           | knowingly by those who manufacture and sell the products
           | creating such debilitating issues, it's difficult to imagine
           | there being any possible forgiveness for such actions.
        
             | adriand wrote:
             | > One has to wonder whether the individuals who insist on
             | selling lead paint have any morality or sense of ethics.
             | We've known about the harmful effects of lead additives in
             | paint since at least 1786...it's difficult to imagine there
             | being any possible forgiveness for such actions.
             | 
             | The list of companies doing exactly this is very, very
             | long. You can still buy packets of deadly carcinogens at
             | the corner store. We're still belching vast amounts of
             | carbon into the atmosphere. We're manufacturing all sorts
             | of molecules that have either proven or suspected harmful
             | effects and distributing them liberally across the
             | globe...it's a pervasive facet of our capitalist system.
        
               | iratewizard wrote:
               | If only we had hundreds of millions starving to death to
               | prevent the horrors of _crony_ capitalism.
        
         | hans1729 wrote:
         | That's an interesting paper, thanks for sharing.
        
       | slowhand09 wrote:
       | Serious? Maybe. Or not. I have titanium, steel, plastic,
       | amalgum(sp), ceramic, graphite, and possibly glass inside my
       | body. Pretty sure I got some asbestos, synthetic fibers, cotton
       | and wool fibers, etc from various jobs. Plus plenty of smoke,
       | washed with carcingenic solvents, inhaled quantities of dust...
       | 
       | And I run with scissors
        
         | KSPAtlas wrote:
         | Next you're gonna tell me you drink straight lead
        
         | Flankk wrote:
         | Wow, you're so cool. I bet you drink alcohol with sunglasses
         | on.
        
         | yellow_lead wrote:
         | What's the relevance?
        
       | dataflow wrote:
       | Something I still can't wrap my head around: are microplastics
       | like these big/visible? The definition of microplastic is plastic
       | < 5mm in length, but how big are the ones people talk about in
       | articles like these? Is the implication that they're floating in
       | the air and we just don't see them because they're too small? Or
       | are they actually large enough to be visible but we somehow still
       | get them into our bodies somehow?
        
         | adrianwaj wrote:
         | Take a glass of water and shine a light through it in a dark
         | room. Look into it and you should see tiny white filaments that
         | look like tiny hairs floating around. I think that's what they
         | mean.
         | 
         | If that doesn't work, leave it for a few hours and check the
         | top surface or bottom of the glass. You can also try with
         | urine.
         | 
         | Also, if you leave it for a few days, these filaments may
         | grow... that is beyond microplastics and moving into synthetic
         | biology.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Thought we'd already concluded its bloody everywhere
        
         | FourHand451 wrote:
         | I think that's probably true, but I do think it's useful to
         | continue testing that conclusion. For example, if we looked
         | somewhere and didn't find microplastics, we could then start
         | trying to figure out why.
        
       | WithinReason wrote:
       | I'm sure you would also find small particles almost every other
       | matter in the lungs. Do we know if plastics are worse for us than
       | everything else?
        
         | lumost wrote:
         | The concern with plastics is that many of the hydrocarbons
         | present are analogues of hormones and other bio active
         | ingredients.
         | 
         | Unfortunately the list of chemicals plastics degrade into is
         | too vast to be exhaustively studied.
        
         | toiletfuneral wrote:
        
       | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
       | Is the ubiquity of micro plastics actually evidence that they are
       | pretty benign?
       | 
       | Microplastics are pretty much everywhere, but globally (apart
       | from Covid-19) humans are living longer, healthier lives. Despite
       | all the news, we have one of the lowest rates or
       | crime/war/violence ever in recorded human history. We are making
       | huge intellectual strides.
       | 
       | I don't think we really have very good evidence that we are being
       | harmed in any significant degree by micro plastics.
        
         | hnhg wrote:
         | Microplastics eventually turn into nanoplastics:
         | https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2021/05/210504112641.h...
         | 
         | We don't know the long term effects of these but it looks like
         | their presence will be an inevitability. Given that
         | nanoplastics will be able to cross cell membranes, it would be
         | prudent to conduct more research into them.
        
         | hombre_fatal wrote:
         | If humans were at peak fitness, I think there would be more
         | promise in this hypothesis.
         | 
         | But with the explosion of health issues like obesity and heart
         | failure, confounded by everything from diet to endocrine
         | disruption, it's hard to conclude that we should be leaving
         | stones unturned.
         | 
         | Also, longevity is only one metric. End-to-end quality of life
         | seems to be more revealing to me about the state of our health,
         | not just how long medicine can prop us up despite our issues.
         | For example, why are 26% of men under 40 suffering from
         | erectile disfunction? Why are more people on medications for
         | mental health? etc. To what extent does any part of the system,
         | including microplastics, impact these issues?
        
         | ricardobeat wrote:
         | This argument can apply to a lot of other known-to-be-dangerous
         | substances: particulate matter from cars, VOCs, BPA... I don't
         | think we should stop caring about them?
        
           | andybak wrote:
           | Depends if you mean "we have evidence they aren't harmful" vs
           | "we have no evidence they are harmful".
           | 
           | The former is a very good reason to stop caring about them
           | (while remaining vigilant).
           | 
           | The latter requires a more complex risk/benefit analysis but
           | is still enouraging.
        
           | steve76 wrote:
        
       | sangnoir wrote:
       | I'd hate it if plastics end up being "the great filter" for
       | humanity. It's mind boggling how our reach consistently exceeds
       | our grasp.
        
         | moffkalast wrote:
         | Well despite being everywhere they at least seem to be mostly
         | inert and don't really cause much issues as far as I'm aware?
         | 
         | Our ancient ancestors were filled to the brim with parasites
         | and still managed to do mostly fine.
        
       | titzer wrote:
       | For the past few years, pretty much everywhere I've traveled,
       | either vacationing or living, I've picked up garbage. Three
       | oceans, four continents, I can only offer my anecdotal experience
       | of 500 bags or so, but holy good god damn. Our oceans are
       | absolutely riddled with plastic pollution, to the tune of 8
       | _million tons_ added annually. That 's two pounds of plastic per
       | person _added_ to the oceans every year.
       | 
       | It's too late to avoid the consequences. The planet is riddled
       | with this junk. It's already been sucked up into Earth's massive
       | recycling systems. Earth is just full-on blasting our ground-up
       | waste right back at us and funneling it into our lungs and
       | stomachs.
       | 
       | Whatever the effect of microplastics is on human health, we can't
       | escape the consequences now.
       | 
       | Pretty much all you can do is _hope_ it ain 't too bad. And argue
       | about it. Because it's here, it's getting worse, and it's going
       | to be with us for a very long time.
        
         | 88840-8855 wrote:
         | And we have done this in less than 100 years. I find this
         | incredible and fascinating how much impact we had in such a
         | short time.
         | 
         | And to add one more thought. I still believe that we are too
         | many people. Overpopulation has been proven not to be an
         | existential that as we won't run out of resources, but i can
         | imagine that those 8 billion of us are creating way too much
         | trash that is impossible to handle.
         | 
         | By the way. Just 15 years ago i learned in school that we are 6
         | billion. Today we are 8 billion already.
        
           | cwkoss wrote:
           | People talk about how the Haber process of fixing nitrogen
           | has averted starvation, but I wonder if in a century we'll be
           | talking about how the Haber process created a plague of
           | overpopulation.
        
             | 8note wrote:
             | Rich societies are generally plagued by a lack of
             | reproduction, so I don't think that's likely as more of the
             | world becomes rich
        
           | titzer wrote:
           | If you watch a movie shot around a coastal ocean area before,
           | oh, about 1990, it's likely that there was little to no ocean
           | plastic there. Before 1960, and it was basically guaranteed,
           | and before 1930 or so, plastic did not exist. Today, beaches
           | are so bad that most places that don't have regular cleanup
           | will accumulate visible amounts of plastic debris. Just
           | think, every coastline in the world, literally tens of
           | thousands of miles, are now washing up this floating garbage
           | we produce.
           | 
           | It's inescapable now. Pretty much every coastline in the
           | world, you can find something, unless someone is actively
           | cleaning it up, _with a finetooth comb_. Of course, it 's
           | much worse depending on the currents and how often cleanup
           | might happen there. But damnit, after thousands of hours out
           | there, I am cursed with the eyes of a hawk, I'll find a
           | bottlecap, a ring, a bottle, some plastic bits, something.
           | Anything blue or white or red is almost certainly plastic.
           | 
           | It makes it bittersweet to watch movies shot at the beach
           | anymore. Everything is tainted now. That old world is gone.
           | Look away, I guess. Or get out your fine-toothed comb, stoop
           | for hours, to pretend, for a few tide cycles, that there
           | isn't a steady drip of this junk washing up.
        
         | hathawsh wrote:
         | FWIW, I have long wondered where all the plastic trash in the
         | ocean was coming from. A recent video [1] from Mark Rober was
         | very enlightening: the trash from poor communities (without
         | collection services) gets picked up by rain and wind and flows
         | into waterways.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pXDx6DjNLDU&t=353s
        
           | titzer wrote:
           | I've seen stuff like this firsthand. It's hard to say for
           | sure what makes up the bulk ocean-wide. A major issue is
           | government corruption. It's highly likely that western money
           | dumped into places like this to help improve the situation
           | gets gobbled up by various boondoggles that do not end up
           | making a dent. Case in point, I spent weeks in Fiji cleaning
           | up garbage. The town got a grant from the central government
           | for some hundreds of thousands of dollars to help their
           | sanitation issues. They bought _one_ garbage truck.
           | Meanwhile, people were burning garbage in their backyards, or
           | down the street, because they didn 't want to pay the taxes
           | associated with garbage service. And plenty would just dump
           | on the beach at night. That was Fiji, which has a boatload of
           | tourist money coming in and is rapidly developing. In Africa,
           | shit looks bleak.
        
         | parineum wrote:
         | > It's too late to avoid the consequences
         | 
         | What _are_ the consequences?
         | 
         | I'm legitimately unaware of any macro side effects of plastic
         | pollution aside from it being ugly.
         | 
         | I know microplastics are found in everything and that seems bad
         | (I don't want to eat plastic) but is it actually harming me?
         | That fact that it's so persistent leads me to believe that it's
         | just passing right through animals and not really breaking down
         | and polluting the environment (again, aside from being plastic
         | in a place I don't want it).
        
           | walleeee wrote:
           | Among the other answers here, there is some evidence
           | micro/nanoplastics measurably change behavior (and by
           | implication cognition) in crustaceans[0]
           | 
           | though it's unclear what this reveals w.r.t humans it does
           | seem to suggest we ought to be wary given that we have
           | inadvertently (and effectively irreversibly) filled ourselves
           | and our habitats with the stuff
           | 
           | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsbl.2020.003.
           | ..
        
           | missedthecue wrote:
           | Some insist that it causes infertility issues, but the
           | scientific jury is still out on this one.
        
             | parineum wrote:
             | This seems like the go-to FUD or, more likely, the possible
             | consequence people glom onto when it's reported/suggested.
             | 
             | Like you said though, jury is still out. I obviously don't
             | expect it to turn out to be good for humanity but I just
             | wonder if there's any documented side effect, to humanity
             | or the ecosystem/biosphere.
             | 
             | I have to imagine you can also find an amount of glass of
             | similar similar size all around. The only saving grace for
             | glass is that it doesn't float.
        
             | knodi123 wrote:
             | of note, fertility issues were also one of the main
             | symptoms of evil witchcraft, back in the days when
             | witchcraft was considered a valid health concern.
        
           | titzer wrote:
           | Macroplastics kill fish and birds. Microplastics attract and
           | concentrate other pollutants and additives like BPA have
           | known adverse effects on human health. Even if inert (a
           | stretch, TBH) zooplankton consumption of microplastics causes
           | them to eat less, accelerating deoxygenation of global
           | oceans[1].
           | 
           | [1] https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-021-22554-w
        
       | lil_dispaches wrote:
       | My feeling is that the cosmetics industry has a lot to do with
       | micro-plastics. Where does the glitter go?
        
       | DoneWithAllThat wrote:
       | Claims a single study.
        
       | Biologist123 wrote:
       | I've heard rumors of a leading investor putting together a fund
       | specifically to short companies which he expects to go bust
       | defending toxicity lawsuits. The key issue - I understand - is
       | toxicity caused by interactions of chemicals approved before
       | interaction. The further argument is that mass sterility will
       | have huge economic implications.
        
         | whimsicalism wrote:
         | > I've heard rumors of a leading investor putting together a
         | fund
         | 
         | This is textbook "how to repackage an anecdote to be more
         | palatable to HN readers."
        
         | BobbyJo wrote:
         | I wonder how much of the decline in the birthrate is a by-
         | product of fewer unplanned pregnancies directly cause by
         | decreasing fertility.
         | 
         | When you're trying to have a baby, and it takes 10 times to get
         | there, it's not that big of an issue. When one mistake ends in
         | pregnancy vs. ten mistakes, it can make a considerable
         | difference.
         | 
         | Just a thought.
        
           | x3iv130f wrote:
           | My 10 cent hypothesis would be social detachment leads to
           | falling birthrates.
           | 
           | It is well known that people don't have the same strong
           | community bonds to those in the same physical space that they
           | used to.
           | 
           | In an environmemt like this sex becomes rarer and riskier as
           | partners are more unknown.
           | 
           | Giving birth and raising children also feels riskier as
           | individuals don't have a community to rely on and absorb the
           | added burden of child rearing.
        
           | kache_ wrote:
           | It's just access to birth control
        
             | BobbyJo wrote:
             | I doubt it is one thing. That is probably the single
             | largest factor, but I wonder how large a role other factors
             | play: the internet as social vehicle, male fertility,
             | female fertility, social safety nets, average educational
             | attainment, cultural factors, etc.
             | 
             | A 0.2% difference in birthrate makes a massive difference
             | on the timescale of civilization, so it is a very
             | interesting question to me.
        
         | wppick wrote:
         | On the flip side I have thought about getting into reverse
         | osmosis as a side business. Afaik reverse osmosis does remove
         | microplastics and most other harmful things from tap water. And
         | on top of that it makes better tasting tea and coffee imo.
         | 
         | On top of that, reverse osmosis can get drinking water from sea
         | water. It seems that the feasibility of reverse osmosis is
         | directly related to available energy, but wouldn't that be a
         | great use of excess produced electricity vs. storing in
         | batteries?
         | 
         | Of all the things humanity should be looking to make
         | technological improvements in reverse osmosis, or even better
         | solutions (electrolysis?, distilling?), should be pretty high
         | up.
        
           | pstuart wrote:
           | I've been eagerly awaiting this to become commercially
           | available: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slingshot_(water_vap
           | or_distill...
           | 
           | Not sure it'll ever happen, but it would be huge if it did.
        
         | ClumsyPilot wrote:
         | 'mass sterility will have huge economic implications'
         | 
         | Yes, extinction of mankind might be. Bad for business, but not
         | everyone agrees
        
           | libraryatnight wrote:
           | Short-term greed + "someone will figure it out"
        
       | koksik202 wrote:
       | this website has so many cancer ads hard to trust it...
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | Here's a nice detailed research paper on the problems with
       | microplastics:
       | 
       | > "Today, it is an issue of increasing scientific concern because
       | these microparticles due to their small size are easily
       | accessible to a wide range of aquatic organisms and ultimately
       | transferred along food web. The chronic biological effects in
       | marine organisms results due to accumulation of microplastics in
       | their cells and tissues. The potential hazardous effects on
       | humans by alternate ingestion of microparticles can cause
       | alteration in chromosomes which lead to infertility, obesity, and
       | cancer. (2018)"
       | 
       | You can get it at sci-hub_se just enter this title in the search
       | box: "Microplastic pollution, a threat to marine ecosystem and
       | human health: a short review"
       | 
       | For a broader discussion on the continuing issue of environmental
       | toxins accumulating in human beings, more pop-sci:
       | 
       | https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/chemicals...
       | 
       | > "Yet even though many health statistics have been improving
       | over the past few decades, a few illnesses are rising
       | mysteriously. From the early 1980s through the late 1990s, autism
       | increased tenfold; from the early 1970s through the mid-1990s,
       | one type of leukemia was up 62 percent, male birth defects
       | doubled, and childhood brain cancer was up 40 percent. Some
       | experts suspect a link to the man-made chemicals that pervade our
       | food, water, and air. There's little firm evidence. But over the
       | years, one chemical after another that was thought to be harmless
       | turned out otherwise once the facts were in."
       | 
       | Note however that US academic institutions basically cut all
       | research into these subjects due to political and industrial
       | pressure. It started with Republican attacks on USGS funding for
       | environmental pollution research in the early 1990s, and
       | continued with NIH cutting funding for environmental carcinogen
       | research in favor of inheritied genetic explanations for cancer.
       | Hence, 'little firm evidence'.
        
         | tomrod wrote:
         | > Note however that US academic institutions basically cut all
         | research into these subjects due to political and industrial
         | pressure. It started with Republican attacks on USGS funding
         | for environmental pollution research in the early 1990s, and
         | continued with NIH cutting funding for environmental carcinogen
         | research in favor of inheritied genetic explanations for
         | cancer. Hence, 'little firm evidence'.
         | 
         | Other nations aren't researching this?
        
           | nosianu wrote:
           | A few years ago, 2013, there was a study in Germany where a
           | lab had tested various espresso machines and found lead.
           | 
           | My memories are fuzzy and incomplete, but I remember that
           | nothing ever happened because there was a big uproar from
           | manufacturers. They demanded "proof" and threatened
           | litigation. The problem with tests is that you can create a
           | lot of questions about procedures, for example, did you test
           | just after descaling? First shot in the morning after letting
           | water rest in the pipes overnight? Then there's discussion
           | about "this is so little water, just a tiny espresso, so the
           | amounts are smaller than in drinking water which you drink by
           | the liter so the thresholds don't really apply". Basically,
           | the lab would have to fight the manufacturers in court, so
           | the whole thing was dropped silently.
           | 
           | I still have a 2012 Rancilio Sylvia entrance-level
           | portafilter machine, almost unused, that I had tested by my
           | Bavarian city's own water lab, with a sample taking procedure
           | agreed upon with the leader of that lab (they did not have
           | any procedures for a citizen who wanted something tested but
           | did not want to turn me away, so the head of the lab himself
           | took time to deal with my request). The lead values greatly
           | exceeded the allowed limits. I don't think it would be any
           | different with a current model. I ended up with a copper-
           | based Vibiemme, and now I have a stainless steel based Ascaso
           | Steel PID Uno that was designed with being environmentally
           | flawless in mind.
           | 
           | Most, or just many?, people don't care, however. I found
           | plenty of people who wanted to take my Rancilio Silvia, but I
           | refused because I don't want this lead-laden piece of junk in
           | use by anyone, even if they take it willingly despite knowing
           | of the problem.
           | 
           | The 2013 report: https://www.deutschlandfunk.de/studie-teure-
           | espressomaschine... (German article from 2013, website is
           | from a public German state radio)
        
           | photochemsyn wrote:
           | My understanding is that most European regulators err on the
           | side of caution with respect to banning chemicals. It's more
           | of a "you have to prove this is safe" mentality, rather than
           | "you have to prove this is dangerous" in terms of the
           | scientific uncertainty. They're all looking at the same
           | global set of available research data it seems:
           | 
           | https://www.iflscience.com/health-and-medicine/banned-
           | europe...
           | 
           | > "This principle, in the words of the European Commission,
           | "aims at ensuring a higher level of environmental protection
           | through preventative" decision-making. In other words, it
           | says that when there is substantial, credible evidence of
           | danger to human or environmental health, protective action
           | should be taken despite continuing scientific uncertainty. In
           | contrast, the U.S. federal government's approach to chemicals
           | management sets a very high bar for the proof of harm that
           | must be demonstrated before regulatory action is taken."
        
             | saiya-jin wrote:
             | US vs Europe approach difference was nicely visible right
             | after brexit. US lobbyists for agro sector were trying to
             | persuade UK government to ease EU-based laws on quality of
             | food, farming etc.
        
         | jerry1979 wrote:
         | > Note however that US academic institutions basically cut all
         | research into these subjects due to political and industrial
         | pressure.
         | 
         | Infuriating. Do you have any sources to back this?
        
         | Palmik wrote:
         | Other research related to the effects of plastics that might be
         | of interest:
         | 
         | [Decrease in anogenital distance among male infants with
         | prenatal phthalate exposure]
        
         | kossTKR wrote:
         | Thank you for posting this. Those numbers scary?! Does anyone
         | know if these have kept increasing?
         | 
         | I wonder if some of the gender and queer issues in kids these
         | days are actually because of this issue, same with other
         | pathologies that sometimes require medication like ADHD/Autism.
         | 
         | I'm saying that only from a place of love - as i've always
         | always felt "wrong" in some aspects myself, and have always
         | wondered if increased diagnosis is because of natural
         | biological types getting recognised, because of industry
         | pressure to sell more medication, or because of pollution or
         | lifestyle.
         | 
         | Very different scenarios.
        
           | manmal wrote:
           | There's other stuff to pick from, too - lead, mercury, and
           | other metals come to mind for example. Lyme disease, which is
           | now suspected to be transmitted sexually and maybe across the
           | placenta (speculative though that is). Pesticides and
           | herbicides. Radical particulates emitted by cars and industry
           | (have been shown to lower IQ, and who knows what else).
           | Nutrient-depleted soil (eg magnesium and copper), resulting
           | in deficiencies. Iodine deficiency, which is endemic in many
           | western countries. Rampant sugar (even worse: HFCS)
           | consumption, obviously. Increase in food lectins via GMO,
           | endangering gut mucosal barrier function.
           | 
           | The list goes on.
        
             | kongolongo wrote:
             | Yep that shear number of possible confounders is why it is
             | so difficult to draw any sort of clear relationships
             | between any particular pollutant and any particular health
             | outcomes. It's not necessarily always conspiracy by
             | corporations to thwart the research, it's genuinely
             | difficult to study any affect because there's so many
             | confounding pollutant exposures, metabolic pathways, and
             | outcomes.
             | 
             | An interesting question is that would the risk of these
             | outcomes be worth the massive amount of savings and
             | productivity that plastics have had on nearly every
             | industry? Then there's also the use cases where plastics
             | are nearly irreplaceable, or at least not easily
             | replaceable without incurring a huge cost increase for
             | example in medical applications (think packaging for
             | syringes, vaccines, surgical tools, or anything that
             | requires contamination control).
        
               | stult wrote:
               | I don't think any of the irreplaceable uses of plastics
               | are really major contributors to the problem. eg if
               | syringes were the only plastic item around, this would
               | not be an issue simply because there aren't that many
               | syringes and they aren't generally reused (and so don't
               | shed plastics as much as water bottles with tops being
               | screwed on and off frequently). It's the common, day-to-
               | day plastic items like food containers and synthetic
               | clothes. Those are hardly irreplaceable use cases,
               | although obviously other solutions are going to be more
               | expensive than plastics.
        
               | sjg007 wrote:
               | Another issue is that aluminum cans and food packaging is
               | lined with a plastic residue.
               | 
               | It's almost impossible to get away from it. Also plastic
               | bags, clothes shed into the environment and get eaten by
               | fish and animals.
               | 
               | So maybe we all need to be vegetarian.
        
           | stjohnswarts wrote:
           | Hold up, what do you mean with "gender and queer issues" ? I
           | don't consider those as "issues" but as "nature". Obviously
           | (most) societies have estranged LGBQT people for centuries,
           | so they had to go underground for most of that time.
           | Obviously more people are coming out now that it's not nearly
           | as dangerous for them.
        
             | pmoriarty wrote:
             | Framing it as _" gender and queer issues"_ is disturbingly
             | reminiscent of the time when the DSM listed homosexuality
             | as a mental illness.[1]
             | 
             | [1] -
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homosexuality_in_the_DSM
        
             | 8note wrote:
             | I'd generally understand "gender and queer issues" to mean
             | problems with how society treats people who don't fit into
             | norms.
             | 
             | I'm not sure how plastics contribute to people becoming
             | more accepting/norms changing over time
        
             | md2020 wrote:
             | I buy that as society becomes more accepting, the
             | prevalence of non-heterosexual and trans people should be
             | expected to increase, but this is a huge confounding
             | variable in figuring out what the natural prevalence of
             | these traits in society is. A Gallup poll this year [0]
             | broke it down by generational cohort, and I was surprised
             | at the increase in LGBT identification from Millennials
             | (10.5%) to Gen Z (20.8%), and I am part of Gen Z. I don't
             | know what explains an increase of that size, simply because
             | while society in general has become more accepting, my
             | feeling is that it hasn't become _that_ much more accepting
             | between Millennials and Gen Z. But maybe it has and I'm
             | just underestimating it.
             | 
             | [0] https://news.gallup.com/poll/389792/lgbt-
             | identification-tick...
        
             | kossTKR wrote:
             | I totally agree that living in the past was horrible for
             | many people and i'm extremely lucky to be living right now
             | - where i'm personally sceptical is when heavy medication
             | or surgery is the answer, especially for youngsters - that
             | to me is a sign of something very wrong with society if
             | required to be broadened too much in scope.
             | 
             | Personally i see the heavy use of SSRI's and Ritalin etc.
             | for kids through the same lens where societal or
             | psychological changes should be the focus, or a culprit
             | found instead of patching up.
             | 
             | The answer can't be that in the future out of a class room
             | one half will require some dependency from a medico
             | industrial complex, that's dystopian to me.
        
           | sjg007 wrote:
           | Highly unlikely. You'd expect higher prevalence if
           | environmental causes are to blame.
        
           | rackjack wrote:
           | The cynic/conspiracy theorist in me says "Imagine blaming
           | kids for acting weird when they're literally infested with
           | plastic."
        
           | thathndude wrote:
           | I'm not speaking to the veracity of any of this, but Dr.
           | Shanna Swan has researched this pretty extensively (and
           | written papers).
           | 
           | What we're seeing since the beginning of petrochemical use in
           | the US (50's) are clear physiology changes (specifically in
           | males) where we're seeing a reduction in physical traits
           | associated with being a biological male of the species.
        
             | humaniania wrote:
             | Please use caution when exploring far right rabbit holes
             | based on dubious correlations.
        
               | jjulius wrote:
               | I'm approaching this subject from a place of ignorance. A
               | cursory Google of Shanna Swan, and a glance through her
               | Wiki page, don't suggest a relationship to "far-right
               | rabbit holes", just a lot of coverage of her work on
               | left-leaning sites such as GQ, The Guardian, NYTimes,
               | etc.. I also tend to observe that many (especially older)
               | far-right folk are very pro-petrochemical, whereas she
               | appears to be strongly the opposite.
               | 
               | I guess I'm just having trouble squaring your comment
               | away; can you elaborate/clarify your caution as it
               | applies to Swan?
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Theories about "decline of maleness", great replacement
               | theory, "decline of western civilization", are all very
               | linked to this sort of stuff. Granted, that is very
               | possibly not a goal of Swan's work, but these are the
               | type of people who often cite it.
               | 
               | Swan's work is dubious on other scientific grounds,
               | however. [0]
               | 
               | [0]: https://www.science20.com/gregory_bond/just_a_dud_sw
               | an_book_...
        
               | jjulius wrote:
               | Ah, yeah, I'd forgot about those areas having strong
               | right-wing links. Appreciate the link and the
               | perspective, thank you. :)
               | 
               | Edit: I don't care about my comment score, but what about
               | thanking someone for their response and providing
               | perspective is worth downvoting? Asking in the interest
               | of continuing to foster discussion.
        
               | alex_sf wrote:
               | Is it actually incorrect or just associated with things
               | that are incorrect?
        
               | whimsicalism wrote:
               | Hence the point of my second comment - not incorrect per
               | se, but not really any evidence suggesting that it is
               | correct, on a number of different fronts.
               | 
               | The point of the first part of my comment was to answer
               | the question posed.
        
             | sarma912 wrote:
             | Is there a pop sci accessible version of the work that
             | details the physiological changes?
        
             | IncRnd wrote:
             | "But a new study says that even if they don't contain BPA,
             | most plastic products release estrogenic chemicals. Most
             | plastic products, from sippy cups to food wraps, can
             | release chemicals that act like the sex hormone estrogen,
             | according to a study in Environmental Health Perspectives."
             | [1]
             | 
             | [1] https://www.npr.org/2011/03/02/134196209/study-most-
             | plastics...
        
               | shadowofneptune wrote:
               | Well, let's think about this. If estrogens or
               | xenoestrogens were at levels in food and drink that they
               | were changing the bodies of young men, what you would see
               | is distress as their body shifts _away_ from their
               | assigned gender. I do not see what about that would lead
               | them to think they are transgender.
               | 
               | Far from distress, the rate of dissatisfaction trans
               | people after hormonal transition is very low and is most
               | often driven by external factors.
               | https://www.gendergp.com/detransition-facts/
               | 
               | I do not see how plastics are a convincing explanation
               | for current social trends.
        
           | verisimi wrote:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9JRLCBb7qK8
           | 
           | gay frogs
        
           | ruined wrote:
           | "they turned the frickin' frogs gay, and me too" - l cuboniks
        
           | blktiger wrote:
           | I think at least some of the rise in ADHD/Autism is from been
           | getting better at diagnosing these conditions and general
           | awareness. Same with queer issues, they've been around
           | forever but until recently it has been pushed out of the
           | social consciousness so it was a lot more hidden.
        
             | sarma912 wrote:
             | Given we might not have data from the past about the
             | prevalence of ADHD, is it safe to assume we'll never know
             | if mircoparticles and other things we introduce into the
             | environment are the cause of these issues?
        
               | djokkataja wrote:
               | Arguably ADHD could have benefits for people in hunter-
               | gatherer lifestyles: https://faculty.washington.edu/dtae/
               | manuscripts/eisenberg%20...
        
               | BolexNOLA wrote:
               | I knew I had untapped potential!
        
               | tmoertel wrote:
               | We could always find a causal mechanism mediated by
               | microparticals.
        
         | antattack wrote:
         | Also it's worth noting that 3D printing with ABS produces
         | microparticles that can embed in your lungs.
        
       | xyst wrote:
       | By 2050, humans will consist mostly of micro plastic vs organic
       | material
        
       | dharma1 wrote:
       | The rate at which microplastics saturation in the environment
       | (and consequently our bodies) keeps increasing without any sign
       | of slowing down is the worrying bit
        
       | dharma1 wrote:
       | The rate at which microplastics accumulation in the environment
       | (and consequently in our bodies) keeps increasing without any
       | sign of slowing down is the worrying bit
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Related:
       | 
       |  _Microplastics detected in human blood in new study_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30852273 - March 2022 (129
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Scientists find microplastics in blood for first time_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30810626 - March 2022 (119
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Babies are full of microplastics, new research shows_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=28726832 - Oct 2021 (61
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Microplastics found in the placentas of human fetuses_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25505108 - Dec 2020 (126
       | comments)
        
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       (page generated 2022-04-07 23:00 UTC)