[HN Gopher] AMD Zen microarchitecture and Intel's Ocean Cove patent
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       AMD Zen microarchitecture and Intel's Ocean Cove patent
        
       Author : Parseus
       Score  : 350 points
       Date   : 2022-04-06 14:18 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (twitter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (twitter.com)
        
       | xpuente wrote:
       | https://twitter.com/KarbinC/status/1511715859789717510?s=20&...
        
         | dgarrett wrote:
         | That's pretty standard text in tech patent.
         | 
         | What exactly would it mean to file a patent "as a joke?"
        
           | xpuente wrote:
           | No. Those figures are pretty "standard". Neither AMD or Intel
           | have "invented" an OOO processor. Those figures mean nothing.
           | Are the standard "big" boxes in any modern processor. The key
           | details are inside.
           | 
           | E.g., https://uspto.report/patent/grant/10,282,296
        
         | thayne wrote:
         | But it was accepted?
         | 
         | It wouldn't be the first time a patent for something absurd was
         | granted.
        
           | Ygg2 wrote:
           | It can't be worse than patenting laser as cat exercise tool.
           | This is not a joke.
        
         | resoluteteeth wrote:
         | It doesn't work that way.
         | 
         | It's one thing to cite it as prior art, but if they are listing
         | it as an example embodiment of their invention then the patent
         | is invalid.
         | 
         | The idea of filing a patent application as a "joke" is
         | nonsense.
        
       | sabas123 wrote:
       | Why would one ever do this as a requirement for patentability is
       | that it doesn't exist as prior art?
        
         | MauranKilom wrote:
         | Because they're not patenting the stuff in the figures.
         | 
         | This is the equivalent of plagiarizing the "related literature"
         | section of a paper - lazy, in bad taste, but need not
         | invalidate the actual contributions/claims made.
        
       | icegreentea2 wrote:
       | ...I think the actual patent is on moving the cache snooping into
       | the interconnect?
       | 
       | I think all of the figures presented are part of Intel's claim
       | that any processor that implements cache snooping in the
       | interconnect are subject to this patent.
        
         | monocasa wrote:
         | Sorta. Cache snooping has been part of the interconnect for
         | years (it arguably _is_ the interconnect), but this is about
         | snooping cache line zeroing instructions without having to go
         | out to memory as far as I understand it. So if a line is shared
         | in two caches, it can be zeroed in both without getting the
         | DRAM controller or even L3 involved.
        
       | WithinReason wrote:
       | It seems to me the Intel patent is using the AMD designs as
       | examples, not something that's actually patented.
        
         | sp332 wrote:
         | The tweets only show illustrations, not the text of the patent.
         | So that's pretty plausible.
        
           | meragrin_ wrote:
           | It is not pretty plausible. It is fact. The claims are
           | strictly about cache. It barely even mentions the
           | architecture except when relevant.
        
       | jsnell wrote:
       | Remember the advice of "How to read a patent in 60 seconds" [0].
       | In this case there are two very short independent claims (1 and
       | 3), all the way at the last page. They both seem to just be
       | talking of some specifics on cache coherency.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.danshapiro.com/blog/2010/09/how-to-read-a-
       | patent...
        
         | notacoward wrote:
         | While this might be true from a legal standpoint, even using a
         | competitor's presentation for the description seems a bit lazy,
         | and getting caught at it is quite embarrassing. It implies that
         | nobody at Intel can describe a modern processor very well.
        
           | CalChris wrote:
           | Intel is citing AMD as prior art. It isn't lazy. It's
           | necessary background.
        
           | MauranKilom wrote:
           | It's definitely lazy that they didn't create their own
           | description, but how does it follow from this that they
           | can't?
        
             | jrk wrote:
             | Patents are generally not written by engineers. They are
             | written by patent attorneys / outside consultants. The
             | engineers have a few conversations with the attorneys, and
             | share technical material (in this case, something specific
             | about cache coherence). The attorneys/consultants then
             | generate a hundred pages of patent-ese scaffolding.
             | 
             | The plagiarized content:
             | 
             | 1. Is not what is being patented here.
             | 
             | 2. Is not created by Intel engineers (or likely even Intel
             | employees). They're busy designing chips.
        
             | ncmncm wrote:
             | If it's published, it is prior art.
        
               | MauranKilom wrote:
               | They are not trying to patent what's shown in the
               | figures, those are just given as background information.
               | A patent for a screwdriver will most certainly also
               | describe screws, regardless of whether screws are prior
               | art.
               | 
               | Patentability is solely a matter of the claims made at
               | the end. Those claims will of course be interpreted in
               | the context set out by the method description, but it is
               | entirely normal for a patent to describe the state of the
               | art before discussing a novel method (about which actual
               | claims are then made).
               | 
               | (IANAL)
        
               | temac wrote:
               | It's still blatant copyright infringement at least.
        
               | jjnoakes wrote:
               | IANAL but I would have thought that referencing material
               | for prior art would have fallen under fair use.
        
             | monocasa wrote:
             | Yeah, to me it just implies they don't want to actually
             | leak any confidential information about their architecture
             | since those details aren't really relevant to the patent
             | (which is about snooping cache line zeroing in a cleaner
             | way), so they just described their competitors overall
             | uarch. Stealing lines from an anandtech article is a line
             | to far though IMO.
        
           | sprayk wrote:
           | Ian Cutress (discussed elsewhere in these comments for also
           | having his description of a CPU copied in the patent)
           | suspects it's an intern[0]
           | 
           | [0] https://twitter.com/IanCutress/status/1511716678199132173
        
             | zeusk wrote:
             | With proper citation, what's the issue with an article
             | being quoted?
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | josaka wrote:
           | It's a common tactic in patents in my experience. You're not
           | going to sue yourself. So you describe your invention in the
           | context in which a competitor would use it. Of course, this
           | would typically be coupled with a disclosure to the examiner
           | that the thing describing the context is in the prior art.
        
           | jcranmer wrote:
           | Engineers don't write the text of patents, patent attorneys
           | do. And for the kind of boilerplate in a patent like
           | "describe a modern processor", this text and images are
           | actually quite likely to itself be heavily copy-pasted from
           | previous applications.
           | 
           | Honestly, I would be more surprised if any engineer (intern
           | or otherwise) at Intel ever noticed that the images came from
           | an AMD presentation, let alone actively participated in
           | copying the images from said source.
        
             | notacoward wrote:
             | As the inventor on twenty-something patents, I think you're
             | understating how much input engineers have. Yes, the _bulk_
             | of the work is done by patent attorneys, mostly translating
             | from pure technical jargon into that weird mixture of
             | jargon and legalese that patents are written in ( "...of
             | the one or several..." and "...such as but not limited
             | to..." and all that rot). However, for a patent of any
             | complexity this often involves multiple rounds of back-and-
             | forth with engineers to clarify and ensure correctness. In
             | fact, I'd argue that any engineer who _isn 't_ involved in
             | the writing process is failing to be sufficiently diligent
             | or act in good faith when they sign the part about the
             | patent accurately reflecting the invention.
        
           | Sebb767 wrote:
           | > It implies that nobody at Intel can describe a modern
           | processor very well.
           | 
           | This seems like a bit of a stretch, given that Intel had a
           | lead in CPU power for years and is still quite close to AMD.
        
             | wtallis wrote:
             | Designing a modern CPU architecture and describing one to a
             | non-expert audience are very different skills.
        
         | mhh__ wrote:
         | Nuance: the solution to all things ever.
         | 
         | I probably wouldn't have spotted this.
        
         | Stevvo wrote:
         | It looks suspicious because they reproduced the diagrams using
         | what looks like a fucking typewriter.
        
       | gjsman-1000 wrote:
       | Well... AMD can just cite their presentation as prior art, and it
       | will be struck down. If anything, Intel was foolish to waste
       | money on bored lawyers.
        
         | paulmd wrote:
         | Not how it works, actually. The system changed in 2013 and now
         | whoever is first to _file_ gets the patent, even if someone
         | else can demonstrate prior art.
         | 
         | https://www.justia.com/intellectual-property/patents/first-t...
         | 
         | AMD should have filed their own patents before talking about it
         | publicly - that's how the game is now played.
         | 
         | If you don't - it's now possible for someone else to file a
         | patent on your own invention.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | They can, but if it is based on industrial espionage,
           | outright theft or plagiarism then that would definitely be a
           | reason for them to lose the patent.
        
           | nullc wrote:
           | > Not how it works, actually. The system changed in 2013 and
           | now whoever is first to file gets the patent, even if someone
           | else can demonstrate prior art.
           | 
           | This is not true, and it's a really damaging
           | misrepresentation.
           | 
           | First to file deals with interference between parallel
           | applications, it doesn't change prior art based on
           | publication.
           | 
           | If two parties show up claiming patents on the same thing
           | based on unpublished work, under the prior rules the party
           | that was willing to fabricate the earliest date of invention
           | won, under current rules the first to file wins.
           | 
           | The misinformation you're spreading is particularly
           | pernicious because the change increased the incentives for
           | publishing your work early and often (to establish prior art
           | ASAP)-- but the misinterpretation implies you should avoid
           | publishing at all costs (to avoid a third party dishonestly
           | patenting your publications).
        
           | eightysixfour wrote:
           | This is not true - prior art is still a test for striking
           | down a patent in court, it is just not taken into account
           | when two entities are competing to file the same patent at
           | the same time.
        
         | physicsguy wrote:
         | They can only do it if it was not publicly disclosed. You
         | cannot patent something which has been kept a trade secret.
        
           | matt123456789 wrote:
           | I don't understand what you mean. Does AMD's public
           | disclosure of the microarchitecture prevent them from filing
           | prior art?
        
             | bogwog wrote:
             | Yeah that comment is confusingly worded. I'm not a lawyer,
             | but I do know that there is no explicit relationship
             | between patent-ability and something being a trade secret.
             | The important thing is just that patent applications are
             | public, so once you file, your "secrets" are no longer
             | secret.
        
               | colejohnson66 wrote:
               | This. The whole idea of a patent is that companies share
               | the details of the invention in the patent in exchange
               | for a temporary monopoly on the idea.
        
           | mojomark wrote:
           | I think it's actually the opposite. In the US, the
           | regulations changed several years ago from "First to Invent"
           | (which is ambiguous) to "First to File" (which is pretty
           | clear). In any event, I think you can only claim something as
           | prior art if it's in the public domain. So, if you're very
           | shady/greedy/lack an ethical backbone, and you get your hands
           | on a private brief that isn't protected intellectual
           | property, technically you can file that patent. I assume the
           | owner could try to prove theft if they can determine how the
           | IP was leaked and stolen intently.
        
           | isanengineer wrote:
           | Those AMD presentations are publicly available though. It
           | looks like hot chips is a tech conference, and those AMD
           | presentations were published as part of HC 28. I'll follow up
           | with a link if I can find one, but I think it's pretty clear
           | they are not in any way trade secrets.
        
         | rob74 wrote:
         | That's the way it _should_ work, at least. But I have a nagging
         | feeling that Intel wouldn 't have done this so brazenly if
         | (with the correct amount of lawyers and friendly judges) it
         | wouldn't have seen a chance of the patent being upheld. Then
         | again, "never attribute to malice that which is adequately
         | explained by stupidity", so, who knows?!
        
           | cogman10 wrote:
           | IDK about intel, but quiet a few companies in their sphere
           | offer employees bonuses for patents.
           | 
           | It would not surprise me in the least if this was something
           | some employee did to get a pay bump.
        
             | rob74 wrote:
             | I was thinking about that too - kudos to them if they
             | pulled this off, but I hope they're not with the company
             | anymore...
        
           | TD-Linux wrote:
           | Strictly speaking, only the claims matter, and so the text if
           | those would need to be read and used to determine whether it
           | can be invalidated due to prior art. The claims have very
           | little to do with the diagrams supplied, rather they are
           | about a way to compress cache coherency transfers if the line
           | is all zeros (kind of like LPDDR has, in a way).
           | 
           | That said, copying so many of a competitors' slides into
           | figures is still stupid as it is highly unlikely to give a
           | judge a great first impression.
        
         | tyrfing wrote:
         | The presentation was cited as prior art by Intel.
        
       | bejelentkezni wrote:
       | Haven't AMD and Intel had to share all their patents with each
       | other for the past 20 years anyway? I remember some agreement
       | coming out of the ashes of the amd64 debacle. And the patent text
       | doesn't seem to have anything to do with the images.
        
         | sascha_sl wrote:
         | Only for x86 up until that point in time.
        
       | snarfy wrote:
       | That's how the US patent system works now.
       | 
       | "The first inventor to file (FITF) provision of the America
       | Invents Act transitions the U.S. to a first-inventor-to-file
       | system from a first-to-invent system and became effective on
       | March 16, 2013"
       | 
       | https://www.uspto.gov/patents/first-inventor-file-fitf-resou...
        
         | nullc wrote:
         | That isn't what first to file means. First to file doesn't
         | change AMD's publication from being prior art. You cannot
         | create a valid patent by filing patents on other people's
         | publications.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | To be clear, first-to-file just means that in the event that
         | the patent is granted, it's awarded to the person who filed
         | first instead of the "actual" inventor. However, the patent can
         | still be invalidated for prior art. The net effect of this is
         | that AMD lost their ability to patent their invention by not
         | filing first.
        
           | ordu wrote:
           | _> The net effect of this is that AMD lost their ability to
           | patent their invention by not filing first._
           | 
           | It can explain Intel's move to file the patent, which seems
           | stupid at a first glance.
           | 
           | Anti-Hanlon Razor: never attribute to a stupidity anything
           | that was done by an intelligent entity.
        
             | r00fus wrote:
             | Perhaps known as Gray's Law:
             | 
             | "Any sufficiently advanced incompetence is
             | indistinguishable from malice."
             | 
             | In particular this interpretation [1] may be best
             | applicable
             | 
             | "In other words: If you find someone acting so stupid that
             | you can't believe she's doing it without the slightest
             | chance of knowing that it's stupid, then she might act out
             | of malice."
             | 
             | [1] https://agiletrail.com/2011/12/20/hanlons-razor-
             | comfort-in-t...
        
           | temac wrote:
           | You seem to think AMD has no patent on Ryzen. Don't worry,
           | they have. Hopefully not containing loads of diagrams from
           | Intel :D
        
           | rrss wrote:
           | something I've wondered for a while:
           | 
           | Suppose someone invents something and uses it for their
           | products, but never publishes anything about the invention,
           | and then someone else (years later) independently develops
           | the same thing and gets a patent that covers the first
           | invention.
           | 
           | Is the first person now infringing the patent, or can the
           | fact they were doing it first (even though there is no
           | published info to serve as prior art) give some rights to
           | keep using it?
           | 
           | (I understand any responses are not legal advice and I should
           | ask a lawyer, etc, etc)
        
             | pkilgore wrote:
             | Relevant statute:
             | 
             | https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/35/273
             | 
             | Real answer though is "it depends", so ask a lawyer about
             | specific facts.
        
             | erosenbe0 wrote:
             | If first person has proof through dated notebooks,
             | schematics, or internal documents they would likely be
             | fine. However, second person may still have valid patent to
             | assert elsewhere if there was never anything qualifying as
             | public disclosure by first entity. Particularly under
             | current doctrine.
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | IANAL. This is my current understanding. If I'm wrong, feel
             | free to correct.
             | 
             | Using it in a product counts as "public disclosure". If
             | you've shipped it, that's a public disclosure for patent
             | purposes.
             | 
             | But it's more complicated than that, because you can file
             | for a patent on something within one year _after_ the first
             | public disclosure. That also means that you can file within
             | one year after _someone else_ publicly discloses something,
             | if you lack morals and decency.
             | 
             | So if person A develops something and starts shipping it,
             | and person B files more than one year after the first
             | shipment, then the device is now "prior art" that
             | invalidates the patent. Person A faces a legal fight, but
             | they shouldn't be infringing, because the patent should be
             | invalid.
        
               | erosenbe0 wrote:
               | Just to be clear, in the US you must be an inventor to
               | file. You can't take someone else's invention, once
               | publicly disclosed, and then patent that within the one
               | year period. But if two people have same invention the
               | first to file usually has precedence.
               | 
               | Of course in practice there are thousands and thousands
               | of trash patents but technically those are the rules.
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | 'It depends' - but generally the first person is now
             | infringing.
        
           | mox1 wrote:
           | Perhaps this was the entire point of Intel's work here???
           | Worst case scenario for Intel they block AMD from patenting
           | (and allowing Intel to use it).
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | Presumably if AMD hasn't patented it by now, they weren't
             | ever going to patent it. CPUs take years to develop, so by
             | the time something shows up in marketing slides (ie.
             | release is imminent in a few months) it would have been
             | years since the idea was first conceived.
        
           | KennyBlanken wrote:
           | And first to file doesn't mean first to file with the USPTO.
           | 
           | If you have a great idea for air-conditioned socks, you file
           | your initial notes/work with your patent attorney, and that
           | is sufficient (general hand-waving about officer of the court
           | and so on.)
        
       | ZeroCool2u wrote:
       | At first glance this doesn't look like an exaggeration. It's
       | basically a 1-to-1 rip off when you place the images side by
       | side. Even the labels within the diagram are copied directly.
        
       | dboreham wrote:
       | USPTO will actually search for this kind of thing (assuming the
       | situation is as-described, which I suspect is not assured).
       | Source: this happened to me -- I wrote an internal doc describing
       | a new product feature. That doc was used both our product
       | documentation team has the basis for user documentation; and by
       | our patent team as the basis for a patent application. When the
       | patent was reviewed, the examiner found the user doc on the
       | internet and rejected the application due to prior art. We had to
       | prove to the USPTO that both were derived from an older doc (by
       | finding the older doc with timestamp and sending it to them with
       | associated legal knobs and whistles).
        
       | ledoge wrote:
       | Those slides aren't the only thing they copied:
       | https://twitter.com/IanCutress/status/1511718827083669508
        
         | dmatech wrote:
         | So they cited Ian's 2016 article (which contained the AMD
         | diagrams), then basically rendered those same diagrams in black
         | and white in the patent. Pretty lazy.
        
           | pkilgore wrote:
           | You never use StackOverflow or similar?
        
             | Sparkyte wrote:
             | A lot of people use StackOverflow but people blindly
             | copying StackOverflow is just as dumb. When I use it, I use
             | it to understand the problem. I then write my own logic
             | understanding the issues wrapped around the similar error.
             | But some solutions are too simple to not be similar.
        
             | Qub3d wrote:
             | Obviously most devs will answer yes to this question.
             | However, I don't think the implied conclusion (software
             | devs copy each other, so the legal apparatus applied to
             | software is okay doing so, too) is a valid one.
             | 
             | For one, this is _hardware_.
             | 
             | And second, even if this was software, that just reinforces
             | the farce that is software patents -- another reason to add
             | to the list of why patents on software shouldn't be a
             | thing.
        
         | curiousgal wrote:
        
           | monocasa wrote:
           | It's literally quotes from an article he wrote about Zen for
           | Anandtech cribbed in the patent.
        
           | snovv_crash wrote:
           | If you don't believe data presented by the guy who was editor
           | for Anandtech for how many years, that's on you.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | To be fair not everyone knows who @IanCutress is. The
             | profile description of "Consultant, Chief Analyst,
             | Influencer." doesn't really indicate he's a subject matter
             | expert.
        
               | rahimiali wrote:
               | It doesn't matter who these people are. If you've seen
               | patents before, you can cause from the screenshots how
               | similar the diagrams are to the sources.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Books are published in batches of 'n' characters called
           | sentences. Really, Twitter is just another medium.
        
       | AshamedCaptain wrote:
       | These diagrams could practically describe any processor, they are
       | not even x86 specific. The fact that the layout of the figures is
       | similar is kind of suspicious but I would guess they just come
       | from the same decades-old book (or patent). They do reuse these
       | type of quasi-standard figures quite often in order to churn out
       | patents faster and faster. You'll find the actual new content
       | (probably minuscule) somewhere in the claims. The patent system
       | is just that ridiculous.
        
         | loeg wrote:
         | The specific numbers also match, but I agree that the diagrams
         | are fairly generic.
        
       | Sparkyte wrote:
       | Definitely a lawsuit is going to come of this. I'm not even
       | talking the blatent copy of the presentation but the blatent
       | patenting of memory on interposer. This is basically what AMD's
       | 2016 patent encompases for much of Ryzen's design architecture
       | especially with HBM.
       | 
       | Now I think where Intel might be in the right is that they will
       | claim improvement on AMD's patent and design. But it will be a
       | stretch considering they are using AMD's presentation. Which
       | obviously in court it will incredibly hard for Intel to prove no
       | wrong doing.
       | 
       | NAL but you have to check your patents before submitting them.
       | Intel went full patent troll.
        
         | TomVDB wrote:
         | The "NAL" statement wasn't necessary: it was totally obvious
         | the moment you wrote "definitely."
         | 
         | There's a 99.999% certainty that this non-issue will NOT result
         | in a lawsuit.
        
           | Sparkyte wrote:
           | Gonna NAL anytime it comes to such subjects. ;)
           | 
           | Amazon has a full team of patent lawyers on retainer just to
           | submit a patent.
        
             | MauranKilom wrote:
             | > Amazon has a full team of patent lawyers on retainer just
             | to submit a patent.
             | 
             | So does any larger tech company, no?
        
       | Aisen8010 wrote:
       | Unfortunately the author chose to show his arguments in the
       | Twitter. The subject is interesting, but I have a hard time
       | following the discussion there.
        
       | thayne wrote:
       | So... Would the patent claim be a copyright infringement of AMDs
       | presentation?
        
         | cogman10 wrote:
         | AMD could invalidate it as prior art pretty easily.
        
           | meragrin_ wrote:
           | How so? The claims have very little to do with the diagrams.
           | They are only there as an example processor for the claims
           | being presented. The claims are specifically about cache.
           | More specifically clearing/invalidation. What better way to
           | prevent the competition from implementing something similar
           | than using the competitions architecture as the base to show
           | how it could be implemented? It is Intel's prior art against
           | AMD.
        
             | Iwan-Zotow wrote:
             | As prior art. You cannot patent things which are not your
             | invention and a prior knowledge. Would be hard to proof it
             | is your invention if you use knowledge from your main
             | competitor in the patent application
        
               | meragrin_ wrote:
               | They are not trying to patent anything other than their
               | own work. Their work is something which can be added to
               | certain processors(AMD's included). Why not base the
               | example on a competitor's processor so there is less of a
               | chance someone could argue it is reliant on Intel's
               | processor architecture?
        
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