[HN Gopher] Ferrari owner Exor wants to build the Italian Y Comb...
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       Ferrari owner Exor wants to build the Italian Y Combinator
        
       Author : cosenal
       Score  : 99 points
       Date   : 2022-04-06 08:06 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (sifted.eu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (sifted.eu)
        
       | mxschumacher wrote:
       | It is misleading to call Exor the owner of Ferrari, they hold a
       | 22.9% economic interest [0].
       | 
       | [0] https://www.exor.com/pages/companies-
       | investments/companies/f...
        
       | samatman wrote:
       | Well if nominative determinism has any weight, they have a great
       | name for it.
       | 
       | It could be better, I suppose; if there are any large holding
       | companies out there named Nande or Norr they might have stiff
       | competition.
        
       | bjelkeman-again wrote:
       | It is a lot of work to create a business ecosystem that is able
       | to nurture startups. I have some experience gathered over the
       | years from Silicon Valley, London, Amsterdam, Bangalore, and now
       | most recently Stockholm. There are drawbacks and benefits to all
       | of them. The EU based startup environments suffer heavily from
       | relatively smaller amounts of money available for the same thing
       | (often an order of magnitude), and a fragmented starting market.
       | The startup market in the EU is also fragmented over nearly every
       | capital city in each country.
       | 
       | In Stockholm, where I am now, there has been reasonable progress.
       | But it feels like we are nearly where the Valley was in 2000.
       | (That is exaggerated, it is better)
       | 
       | A key takeaway for me from efforts like what the article
       | describes is that a lot of it feels like cargo culting. "If we
       | are more like Y-Combinator (replace with suitable other aspect of
       | the Valley) we will succeed." Where what is missing are things
       | that are hard to bootstrap: large amounts of capital, capital
       | willing to take risks, investors that invest in bold efforts,
       | experienced and successful investors, successful entrepreneurs
       | that go another round, a common market with similar rules,
       | regulations and language; and more things I am missing (much
       | mentioned in other comments).
       | 
       | Things are getting better, but it is still a challenge in the EU.
       | However, looking at some of the valuations I see in the US, it
       | appears there are bargains to be had in the top EU startup spots,
       | where Stockholm is a good candidate.
        
       | dotancohen wrote:
       | Title: "Ferrari owner Exor wants to build the Italian Y
       | Combinator"
       | 
       | Piacentini's own words: "We have no ambition to emulate the likes
       | of Y Combinator"
       | 
       | I agree with HN's reluctance to alter titles, but in cases where
       | the title itself a lie, clickbait, or gross exaggeration I think
       | that it should be edited.
        
         | gman83 wrote:
         | The full quote: "We have no ambition to emulate the likes of Y
         | Combinator, or even Kima Ventures, from the start. But we
         | aspire to what they have built -- our ultimate goal is to get
         | to that level.". When read like this it sounds like eventually
         | he would like to build something like Y Combinator.
        
           | rmbyrro wrote:
           | I was also confused
        
             | cosenal wrote:
             | I posted it with the original title from Sifted after
             | reading ""Our application format will be familiar, similar
             | to that of Y Combinator's -- simplicity will be key for
             | deploying capital fast," says Piacentini."
        
       | jtwaleson wrote:
       | I've thought of setting up a retreat center in southern Italy for
       | tech teams. Like: take your team and work together remotely for a
       | week. The center will have high end equipment, good furniture,
       | whiteboards etc. Why southern Italy? The climate is great, there
       | are lots of subsidies available, land is cheap and cost of living
       | is low. I'd call it Sicilian Valley.
        
         | muxator wrote:
         | Please do.
        
       | jbverschoor wrote:
       | Building a Ferrari is just some wheels and red paint.. I think
       | anyone can build that as well.
        
       | wlecometo wrote:
       | Well the main issue in italy is not lack of funding or lack of
       | talent but rather the amount of taxation companies had to go
       | through and the uncertainty behind a big and complex legal system
       | which makes an average of 8 years for civil processing .
       | 
       | these two things alone and the fact there are better places in
       | europe to make a startup (hint: netherlands, germany, france,
       | czech republic, romania, poland) makes me wonder if they will
       | succeed or is this a way to collect IP rather than helping idea
       | to grow? maybe they saw that this is exactly what most of
       | incubators are doing, in the end lots of startups in Italy were
       | made by university professors making startups out of a research
       | paper from one of their student, so i can see why an incubator
       | could be interested in this.
       | 
       | yes i know, sorry for the negativity i've been there and i
       | experienced this first hand.
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | > the amount of taxation companies had to go through and the
         | uncertainty behind a big and complex legal system which makes
         | an average of 8 years for civil processing .
         | 
         | It's the big, complex legal system that gets me, and the
         | mentality that keeps it in place. There's some sort of minimum
         | required level (countries with too little don't thrive either)
         | but when I think of Italy or India I think the complexity of
         | simply getting anything done is discouraging.
         | 
         | OTOH I don't really care much about taxes and never have. Most
         | of them are on profits, and if you're making profit, great!
         | There are of course a plethora of bullshit excise taxes like
         | business licenses, but in the main they have never added up to
         | a lot in any business I've run. And of course I depend on
         | things like fire brigade, a legal system (not that I've needed
         | to sue anyone or be sued), clean air, roads, etc etc so paying
         | taxes doesn't seem that bad in principle. Those things need to
         | be paid anyway, and sometimes leaving them out of taxes is far
         | worse (consider America's ridiculous health system)
        
           | zepearl wrote:
           | I was about to start writing the exact same thing (you wrote
           | it better than how I would have hehe), but I then saw your
           | post => thank you :)
        
           | rosndo wrote:
           | The problem is that some countries offer vastly better ROI on
           | taxes than others.
           | 
           | Taxes aren't a problem, shit ROI on taxes is.
        
         | brthsim wrote:
        
         | blaser-waffle wrote:
         | Don't forget the culture of corruption, esp. in the south of
         | the country.
        
         | hardware2win wrote:
         | Why poland?
        
         | epolanski wrote:
         | Yes, doing business in Italy is hard, but when your company is
         | doing poorly financially or is having issues it's the
         | government that is going to pay your worker's salaries. Do
         | places with low taxes have this?
         | 
         | And the education of your worker's is paid by the government,
         | so you don't get employees that are desperate to pay their
         | student loans.
         | 
         | And so is healthcare, so you don't have to pay no insurance
         | (you may, but your workers don't depend on it).
         | 
         | Also, new companies can easily get public funding. Or loans
         | with no interests that are covered by the government. Do
         | companies in different countries get that? Can you get millions
         | in loans at 0 interest that if you can't pay the government
         | will in US?
         | 
         | New companies get a very friendly, near 0 taxation for few
         | years, and the more people you employ (especially if young) the
         | more slack on taxes you get. Do companies in countries with
         | lower taxes get that?
         | 
         | Mind you, I still believe doing business in Italy is too
         | expensive and beurocracy too high, but there's also very
         | serious benefits of doing it that you don't get in silicon
         | valley where the first wrong swing kills your business and
         | company.
        
           | bloodyplonker22 wrote:
           | Wow, what a ridiculous comment. What you are mention is only
           | a good environment for lifestyle businesses, not startups and
           | growth companies who are usually more innovative and have the
           | possibility to create massive net positives in a country's
           | economy.
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | If a small conpany is creating enough profits to finance
             | one persons life, well, that's just great.
             | 
             | IMHO the real "life style" businesses are those VC backed
             | start-ups never reaching profiatbility. Because in those
             | cases the founders get to play CxO on other people's money,
             | living this "entrepreneur" life style. One start-up after
             | the other.
        
           | samatman wrote:
           | The sum of these affordances adds up to a market for lemons.
           | 
           | A startup can hire Italians anywhere, certainly anywhere in
           | EU, so the benefit of pair-for education doesn't require
           | Italian jurisdiction.
           | 
           | Everything else sounds really handy if your company is
           | destined for failure, since there are so many ways to get a
           | bailout or take a "loan" with no interest which, hey, you
           | also don't have to pay it back! That's a grant coupled to a
           | later and optional donation, not a loan.
           | 
           | A full-time employer pays for their employee's health care,
           | it doesn't matter if it comes out of taxes or not.
           | 
           | Business in Italy is too expensive, and bureaucracy too high,
           | and you have done a _fantastic job of explaining why that is_
           | while touting it as benefits!
           | 
           | If I looked into the relationship between nepotism and
           | getting access to all this free money, would I be surprised?
           | Bet I wouldn't be.
        
             | dmitriid wrote:
             | > fantastic job of explaining why that is while touting it
             | as benefits
             | 
             | Because, as we all know, all businesses are IT startups
             | that can afford to pay for comprehensive medical care,
             | every employee of every company can afford the dissolution
             | of a company (or just an emergency) etc.
        
               | johnthewise wrote:
               | One could argue that IT startups are all that matter.
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | One wouldn't even have to argue such a thing to limit the
               | discussion in that way for an "Italian Y Combinator"
               | article.
        
               | dmitriid wrote:
               | IT companies don't exist in a vacuum.
               | 
               | Also, there's a reason American IT companies frequently
               | list medical insurance, parental leave, vacation tim as
               | _benefits_. You know, things you don 't even think about
               | are listed as _benefits_.
               | 
               | Why would anyone want this insanity is beyond me.
        
             | miohtama wrote:
             | > adds up to a market for lemons
             | 
             | I have witnessed this first hand in Finland where
             | government grants can generate a lot of inflow for early
             | startups. Because bureocrats cannot judge which companies
             | should stay alive or not, everyone gets money resulting to
             | zombie startups that have not managed to scale even after
             | 10 years.
        
             | epolanski wrote:
             | You kind of missed some of my crucial points: starting a
             | business on low budget in Italy is possible. People with
             | the right ideas and knowledge can start ventures easier
             | than they would elsewhere in the world, especially silicon
             | valley where you're much more dependent on (important)
             | private capital.
             | 
             | In Italy, that's not really the case, between lower
             | salaries, no interest loans and government funding we have
             | had many great businesses growing out of people that
             | would've had no chance of convincing venture capitalists.
             | 
             | And as I said, yes, it's true, Italy is not the best place
             | to start a business, and yes, it's true that there are
             | places where you can find some if not more of the same
             | benefits with less of the drawbacks, but still you're
             | severely underestimating the many benefits and convenience
             | you can get in Italy where you can start businesses you
             | would've never had the chance too in places where there is
             | no public funding and help for aspiring entrepeneurs.
        
               | onphonenow wrote:
               | You can startup an AI automated car driving startup more
               | easily in italy than you can in SV?
               | 
               | In SV you can get 10M+ in capital pretty easily - close
               | relative with one prior startup did just that recently.
               | It's VERY low overhead, you can hire (and fire) folks
               | pretty simply. The due diligence on that $10M didn't even
               | require audited financials or anything.
               | 
               | I don't know anywhere in italy even close to that.
        
               | yakak wrote:
               | The buying power of 10m in SV is equivalent to what, 2m
               | in Italy?
               | 
               | There's definitely a lot of sweet VC money to collect
               | with a business office in SV, but I have no idea why a
               | large company investing a lot of its own money would
               | choose to throw 4/5ths of it away.
        
               | nickpp wrote:
               | > People with the right ideas and knowledge can start
               | ventures easier than they would elsewhere in the world,
               | especially silicon valley
               | 
               | In reality they don't though. So why do you think that
               | is?
        
               | oneoff786 wrote:
               | That's ok for a barebones entrepreneur. That's not great
               | for people who want to hire talented workers who want
               | real comp.
        
               | epolanski wrote:
               | Everything's a trade off.
               | 
               | Also, many of those barebones entrepeneurs end up making
               | money, differently from billion-dollar ventures that have
               | yet to post a profit after a decade but can boast highly
               | paid engineers behind very questionable quality
               | overbloated software.
        
               | samatman wrote:
               | > _People with the right ideas and knowledge can start
               | ventures easier [in Italy than Silicon Valley]_
               | 
               | Would you be so kind as to provide a metric, so I can
               | demonstrate conclusively that this isn't true?
               | 
               | I'm basing this on intuition, which is in turn based on
               | numerous Italian software developers I've met in
               | California. Do they have the wrong ideas and knowledge?
               | 
               | Of course not, they went where they could run a business
               | without interference.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | AlotOfReading wrote:
               | Curiously, other people are always quick to point out how
               | California is a very difficult place to operate a company
               | in when the focus is on companies "fleeing" to low tax
               | states like Texas.
               | 
               | I'd imagine it is easier to start a tech venture in the
               | valley than Italy, but that's just because there's an
               | established ecosystem for it and you're not blazing new
               | ground. The various particularities of government are
               | relatively insignificant in comparison. That's why you
               | can have similarly vibrant startup scenes under political
               | environments as different as the US, China, and Israel.
        
           | b20000 wrote:
           | i am from another EU country and getting funding beyond 50k
           | from the government is really hard. vcs and angels are super
           | conservative and take no risks. the government is not paying
           | your employees if you cannot pay them... and you are
           | personally liable for their social security taxes. i doubt
           | that italy can do what you say here as most EU countries
           | handle things similarly. also, if things get harder than you
           | thought they were going to be and can't pay the government
           | back you will go bankrupt and potentially lose your assets
           | which you might have invested in substantially yourself. i
           | will never take government loans again.
        
           | dr-detroit wrote:
        
           | J_cst wrote:
           | Hi from Italy. What the parent is saying is correct/partially
           | correct. Still Italy is a very difficult place to do business
           | for a number of factors: burocracy, cultural attitude (who
           | you know means too much), strict labour legislation, slow
           | justice system just to mention the first few which come to my
           | mind. If you come from abroad the above factors become
           | 100times harder to manage/understand. We have a lot of
           | talents and the same amount of weaknesses. Not easy at all.
           | Still a great place to visit and to spend holidays in. Sorry
           | I don't mean to be harsh.
        
             | rev_d wrote:
             | As a recently recognised Italian citizen, I have to agree--
             | it's not the appropriate place to form a startup.
             | 
             | There's a surprising number of things that involve the
             | legal system, and the legal system moves at a glacial pace
             | --in some cases, taking months between when a ruling
             | becomes final and when it becomes enforceable. Encounter
             | any one of those situations, and it's going to be a huge
             | time & resource drain for the company.
             | 
             | Perhaps it'd make sense to headquarter the startup in a
             | more favourable country (Estonia?) and then have a major
             | branch office in Italy (for climate and talent reasons).
        
         | rmbyrro wrote:
         | Also missing in Italy are the networking and connections to
         | relevant people and organizations.
         | 
         | I think very few founders look for money at YCombinator,
         | they're primarily interested in the connections.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | highhedgehog wrote:
       | I will believe it when I see it
        
       | 7723 wrote:
       | Reminds me of: https://www.h-farm.com/en which attempted that in
       | the past.
        
       | lnxg33k1 wrote:
       | As Italian, when I read something involving Agnellis willing to
       | do something for Italy, I am a bit scared about taxpayers money,
       | like Fiat has always got tax discounts and subsidies and as a
       | thank you has closed factories, and fired people, can we just
       | keep the people related to Agnellis in the Silicon Valley?
        
         | santiagobasulto wrote:
         | Off topic! I just moved to Italy, living in Torino now. How's
         | the startup ecosystem in Italy? I've seen some interesting
         | Blockchain-related groups at the Politecnico, but not much
         | after that.
        
           | brthsim wrote:
        
           | lnxg33k1 wrote:
           | I live in the Netherlands :D but am from Naples originally so
           | I know little about Turin :'( sovvy
        
           | mat_jack1 wrote:
           | check this coworking space: https://toolboxcoworking.com/
           | there are several tech meetups of nice people and it's also
           | hosting the local fablab: https://fablabtorino.org/
           | 
           | after covid there are less meetups, but I'm sure it's going
           | to pick up again
        
           | kwere wrote:
           | there is something around universities and in Milano,Rome.
           | Its really small scale, low pay, very high risk. I believe
           | engineering/product based startup are more fit for the
           | italian market and offer more exit options, mostly M&A.
           | 
           | In Turin there is I3P [www.i3p.it], a serious incubator
           | managed by the Torino Politechnich
        
           | mattrighetti wrote:
           | You could checkout the polihub incubator/accelerator in
           | Milan, most of the startup they fund are hardware/mechanics
           | related.
        
         | albybisy wrote:
         | this is what i think as well. When there is Agnelli family
         | involved is just for have something from the state in some way
         | or another. But we'll see. I hope to be wrong.
        
         | riffraff wrote:
         | FIAT is not EXOR, a ton of EXOR initiatives came and went
         | (remember Ciaoweb?) without government intervention.
         | 
         | The issue with car manufacturing is that it employees a fuckton
         | of people, so it becomes political.
         | 
         | Also, if there is a person who can run this thing well is mr.
         | Piacentini, so I would not be too negative.
        
         | baybal2 wrote:
        
         | gw67 wrote:
         | It's just a stereotype, come on!
        
           | lnxg33k1 wrote:
           | https://www.google.com/search?q=fiat+lays+off
           | https://www.google.com/search?q=fiat+subsidies I don't think
           | so, if I am honest when I was young the few things I remember
           | hearing continuosly from news was fiat laying off and fiat
           | getting money
        
             | gw67 wrote:
             | Yeah, but isn't related to this initiative. You are
             | referring to something happened in the past for another
             | company. It doesn't make sense.
        
               | lnxg33k1 wrote:
               | In Naples we say you can put all the rum you want a turd
               | can't become a baba (pastry).. so they can rename it but
               | its always the same dna I guess? We will see ^^
        
       | mattrighetti wrote:
       | > The exodus of tech talent and lack of startup creation in Italy
       | has worried investors
       | 
       | From my experience I can tell that most people here don't want to
       | waste time in a startup with its high risk factor, and it's even
       | more worrying if you come from a college environment where you
       | expect that _Let's do this, I don't care_ kind of attitude. The
       | majority of new grads prefer a secure (and most of the time
       | underpaid) position to pay the bills at the end of the month.
       | It's saddening to see but a lot of my friends, super smart ones
       | included, just opt for low level companies that will never make
       | them grow and will give them the minimum amount of money to make
       | a living (that's what they tell me) while in pretty much the rest
       | of UE they will pay 3x that amount.
       | 
       | I think the mentality in Italy is totally different, I know only
       | one person that would have jumped in the startup world at the
       | time and quickly got discouraged because he didn't know how to
       | get funded (probably not the first thing I would consider if I
       | think I have a great idea). The rest of my colleagues wouldn't
       | even want to listen to startup ideas.
       | 
       | Also, I think we Italians don't have the market for new tech
       | related startup, our population is very old and they don't really
       | care about new stuff/services coming out as you would expect,
       | launching in the US would be a totally different story.
       | 
       | It's a multi variable problem, the lack of ideas is just the tip
       | of the iceberg. It's not that there is a startup creation
       | problem, it's that the few people that want to try out the
       | startup world are smart enough to do it elsewhere where higher
       | chances of success lie.
       | 
       | And don't get me started on the bureaucracy part, I'm not well
       | informed on that because I'm pretty sure it would just waste my
       | time.
        
         | zoobab wrote:
         | "> The exodus of tech talent and lack of startup creation in
         | Italy has worried investors"
         | 
         | Working hard for investors and shareholders!
        
           | skrbjc wrote:
           | The relationship between people who build companies and work
           | in those companies can be mutually beneficial with investors.
        
         | kungito wrote:
         | My impression was that in the US you get compensated pretty
         | nicely while in a startup. The whole idea is to get funded so
         | that you can attract talent with crazy salaries. Or did I get
         | something wrong?
        
           | sethhochberg wrote:
           | It varies a lot based on the stage of company you are
           | joining. Very small startups often pay relatively little in
           | cash and rely on equity to attract talent, because the early
           | stage hires are at least theoretically interested in the
           | vision and potential upside of the business growing, and
           | cashflow is tight at early stage companies.
           | 
           | Larger, later stage startups tend to rely less on equity and
           | more on cash because the equity gets pretty diluted pretty
           | quickly - there's an awkward middle ground where there may
           | still be plenty of uncertainty about whether the business
           | will survive to an exit/IPO/etc despite some success, but
           | where any shares you got aren't necessarily enough to make up
           | for low salary if one of those things happens. That middle
           | ground is where large cash comp makes the most sense.
           | 
           | But broadly speaking, yes, tech startup salaries in the US
           | trend high.
        
           | b20000 wrote:
           | yeah, and then you get charged nicely by your landlord,
           | health insurance companies, the tax man, and a million other
           | people for basic shit.
        
       | 0xfaded wrote:
       | If I did another startup in Europe, I would incorporate in
       | Delaware and raise US money from the get go.
       | 
       | It's cool to see the YC terms borrowed directly, and hopefully
       | that would be a shot across the bows of European investors. But
       | to really give European founders leverage they need access to US
       | valuations and terms.
       | 
       | I think semi-philanthropic incubators like these could really
       | help by guiding founders to form US entities or reincorporate as
       | early as possible.
        
         | andy_ppp wrote:
         | Yes same, even if I don't get into YC I'll be trying to raise
         | on US terms. I've seen some really stupid startups in Europe
         | end up with crazy dilution to the point where if they thought
         | about it they'd realise they just had a job working for some
         | rich people. US valuations are twice the amount for half the
         | equity from what I've seen so why I wouldn't do that rather
         | than be screwed over I don't know...
        
           | 0xfaded wrote:
           | Make sure you incorporate in a form that US investors are
           | comfortable with. Few investors are going to want to figure
           | out what an ApS or GmH is just to make a seed investment in
           | your tiny startup.
           | 
           | It also gives tou better exit potential in the event of a
           | M&A.
        
             | andy_ppp wrote:
             | I'll probably do whatever Clerky tells me to, which is the
             | service YC tells founders to use I believe...
        
         | hans1729 wrote:
         | From someone who hasn't interacted with the startup world much
         | yet: what are some problems companies in Europe would have to
         | deal with? What liberties are exclusive to the US? I'd imagine
         | lots of complications of running a US-based company within
         | Europe.
         | 
         | I can't imagine moving to the US, and I'm sure that lots of
         | smart people in the EU are in the same camp. At the same time,
         | I'd be very interested in providing high value to and being
         | part of a company with the velocity and dynamics of a start-up
         | -- I just wouldn't move to the US to pursue the opportunity, as
         | in: I'd not even consider it below ridiculous/unrealistic pay.
        
           | dgellow wrote:
           | > I can't imagine moving to the US, and I'm sure that lots of
           | smart people in the EU are in the same camp. At the same
           | time, I'd be very interested in providing high value to and
           | being part of a company with the velocity and dynamics of a
           | start-up.
           | 
           | I personally do this via contracting. I'm in Europe and work
           | for people in the US. I'm currently working with two
           | companies, both are very early stage startups, it's very
           | dynamic, everything has to be built from scratch and I feel I
           | have lot of influence over products and devices which is
           | something I enjoy.
           | 
           | And I still have all benefits from Western European
           | countries.
           | 
           | Not sure how things will evolve if they start to focus on
           | hiring employees and move to a more standard company
           | structure but so far things are going well.
        
             | dgellow wrote:
             | I meant "services", not "devices"... My autocorrect is a
             | bit too zealous...
        
           | dmitriid wrote:
           | > what are some problems companies in Europe would have to
           | deal with? What liberties are exclusive to the US?
           | 
           | 1. Market
           | 
           | US: a rather unified single English-speaking market of 300
           | million people.
           | 
           | EU: 27 different markets in the EU + half a dozen markets in
           | countries freely associated with the EU (e.g. Norway and
           | Switzerland) in different languages, cultures and
           | expectations
           | 
           | 2. Money
           | 
           | US: unlimited unchecked runaway money. All the "unicorns" we
           | keep hearing about can easily lose hundreds of millions and
           | even billions dollars a year for decades, and still
           | considered a success
           | 
           | EU: less money, and you are expected to actually turn a
           | profit at some point
        
             | sbacic wrote:
             | > EU: 27 different markets in the EU + half a dozen markets
             | in countries freely associated with the EU (e.g. Norway and
             | Switzerland) in different languages, cultures and
             | expectations
             | 
             | That's understating the issue. There are only 5 (!) EU
             | member states with a population higher than that of the NYC
             | metropolitan area and _none_ with that kind of population
             | concentration or purchasing power.
        
             | jason0597 wrote:
             | > half a dozen markets in countries freely associated with
             | the EU (e.g. Norway and Switzerland) in different
             | languages, cultures and expectations
             | 
             | Well, it isn't half a dozen, it's more like 3 countries
             | (Iceland, Switzerland and Norway). 4 if you count
             | Liechtenstein with its population of 38k people.
        
               | gpderetta wrote:
               | Well there is also Monaco, Andorra, San Marino and of
               | course Vatican City with its population of 800!
        
               | dmitriid wrote:
               | Well, we can also count the UK now :)
        
             | danijelb wrote:
             | I don't think that the 27+ EU markets are a problem. I'm
             | not even sure if there are 27+ different markets in the EU
             | in the context of startups/tech, because if there were then
             | each country would have their own isolated tech ecosystem
             | which is not the case. Most EU countries are dominated by
             | US tech companies.
             | 
             | If different cultures and languages are not a problem for
             | US startups in spreading to Europe I fail to see why it
             | would be a problem for EU companies
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | You're missing the bigger picture.
               | 
               | US startups <<grow>> in the US, the huge single market
               | with a single language, then once they're big and can
               | tackle the bureaucracy in order to get to the huge chunks
               | of cash also available in Europe, they <<move>> into the
               | EU.
               | 
               | A not-so-huge startup by US standards can have hundreds
               | of millions of dollars very early in its life, allowing
               | it to switch to international expansion, while most of
               | the equivalent EU startup would probably raise tens of
               | millions by the same stage, if they're lucky.
        
         | L_226 wrote:
         | I am doing this right now, Stripe Atlas Delaware C-corp but
         | operating in Germany. I could have incorporated a GmbH for
         | EUR25,000 (goes into an account to act as collateral against
         | future liability) - which uses all my savings basically, or a
         | UG for EUR1 - but then I can't add other shareholders until I
         | pay an additional EUR25k to convert it to a GmbH. For my
         | startup, which is capital intensive, I have no choice but to
         | use the US system.
        
           | trh0awayman wrote:
           | Can you talk about this a bit more? Or have any guidance?
           | 
           | I'm in Germany and wanted to do this with my cofounders, but
           | couldn't wrap my head around the legality.
           | 
           | Don't you also have to maintain a German presence basically?
           | And what are the implications in regard to exit taxes?
        
             | L_226 wrote:
             | > Don't you also have to maintain a German presence
             | basically? Probably easiest, with all the required trips to
             | the notary
             | 
             | > And what are the implications in regard to exit taxes? No
             | idea
        
           | tluyben2 wrote:
           | London could work depending on your business. Hope you
           | involved an international tax lawyer; there can be a lot of
           | issues with the German taxes in this setup if you did not do
           | this carefully.
        
             | L_226 wrote:
             | London probably won't work for me. I have not pulled the
             | trigger yet, tbh I am less worried about German taxes than
             | I am running a C Corp from outside the US. Mainly because
             | of the litigation heavy US culture, opaque paperwork
             | overhead etc.
        
               | monkeydust wrote:
               | London probably has most generous tax incentives for
               | startups to offer their investors. S/EIS.
        
               | tluyben2 wrote:
               | Yes, exactly. And the grant process, albeit through no
               | cure no pay orgs, is quite good.
        
               | tluyben2 wrote:
               | The problem with taxes and capital and incorporation is
               | that usually fixing it beforehand is easy while after you
               | start to make money, you are perhaps too late. We went
               | for London because not as litigious, light on paperwork,
               | cheap to incorporate and there is a lot of money slushing
               | around. Not America sized investments but close enough.
               | And easy ramp to the US if you wish. Taxes are quite high
               | once money starts poring in but it is startup and
               | investor friendly pre money.
        
               | L_226 wrote:
               | I'll have a look again, got any useful links? I need to
               | relocate to south EU anyway to build my thing, so I am
               | not specifically tied to incorporating in Germany beyond
               | being a citizen.
        
               | tluyben2 wrote:
               | If you want you can email me (see Hn profile); I moved
               | from NL to the south so maybe I can help.
        
               | alexdoesstuff wrote:
               | As a German having gone through the experience, I feel I
               | am reasonably qualified to give a perspective: The US
               | setup is a breeze administratively, but fairly costly.
               | You definitely need a tax accountant onshore ($3-5k per
               | year at least, more if the setup is more complex) but
               | that will take care of a good share of the minutiae. You
               | probably also eventually need somebody helping you in
               | Germany to take care of employment, taxes, VAT, etc. even
               | though that may not yet be the case. When I've done it a
               | few years ago I found it easier to have a German
               | subsidiary of the C Corp doing that eventually.
               | 
               | If you want a more nearshore solution you may want to
               | contemplate the Netherlands or Ireland which both have
               | fairly well developed support systems in case you ever
               | need help.
        
               | L_226 wrote:
               | Thanks, I was expecting to have a German subsidiary
               | eventually. Also considering Netherlands
        
               | tluyben2 wrote:
               | Netherlands is good as it's not too expensive (we dropped
               | the 9k ltd thing you also have for gbmh quite a while
               | ago) but the rules and taxes and lack of investors is
               | quite hard; similar things to Germany. You would be bound
               | to those anyway though if your employees are not
               | freelancers and are in those countries...
        
               | alexdoesstuff wrote:
               | I am actually not sure if the investor assessment still
               | stands after Covid forced just about any startup to be
               | remote-work-heavy. I don't think most investors care
               | anymore where companies are based or incorporated as long
               | as it is within reason (don't incorporate in Australia
               | unless you are an Australian company) and has a solid and
               | well supported legal system.
               | 
               | The issue in Europe from an investor perspective is that
               | scaling is tougher than in the US. You have to most
               | likely make changes to your product to cover a sufficient
               | number of European countries due to a combination
               | language, currency, regulation, customs, etc.. Your sales
               | and marketing materials needs to at least be in different
               | languages. Your German sales rep needs to speak German
               | and most likely be German, your French sales rep needs to
               | speak French and be French, etc. Add to that the fact
               | that in B2B European companies tend to be less open to
               | innovation. Also, you may encounter workers-councils at
               | your potential clients discouraging changes to processes,
               | etc.
        
           | dgellow wrote:
           | > or a UG for EUR1 - but then I can't add other shareholders
           | until I pay an additional EUR25k to convert it to a GmbH.
           | 
           | Could you elaborate on this, or point to a source? The way I
           | understand the mini-GmbH model (UG) there is no limitations
           | regarding shareholders versus a standard GmbH.
           | 
           | Not saying you're wrong, I'm by far not an expert but I
           | looked into creating a Unternehmergesellschaft ~1 year ago
           | and don't remember reading about that type of thing.
        
             | L_226 wrote:
             | > The way I understand the mini-GmbH model (UG) there is no
             | limitations regarding shareholders versus a standard GmbH.
             | 
             | This is correct, however from my understanding this is only
             | at time of incorporation. If I was to incorporate and then
             | get a term sheet from an investor, I would struggle to then
             | make them a legal shareholder in my UG.
             | 
             | Perhaps I am also misunderstanding, re-reading [0] you
             | could be correct. I did reach out to firma.de for
             | clarification in February but never got a response.
             | 
             | [0] - https://www.firma.de/en/company-formation/what-is-a-
             | ug-haftu...
        
               | dgellow wrote:
               | Have you tried contacting a "Handelskammer"? I had quite
               | good experiences in the past with hk24.de for example,
               | even asking questions in English.
               | 
               | Edit: I feel it's always so complicated to understand the
               | German system for anything related to company
               | administrative stuff :p
        
           | ed_balls wrote:
           | Can you not say that "this macbook and that car are company's
           | property" and fulfil the capital requirement? the minimal
           | capital in Poland is 5000PLN(1100EUR) and you just buy a
           | laptop.
        
           | riccardomc wrote:
           | If capital is the problem you could also consider the
           | Netherlands which requires EUR 0.01. You will need to pay a
           | notary for the incorporation tho.
           | 
           | https://business.gov.nl/starting-your-business/choosing-a-
           | bu...
        
         | macco wrote:
         | This sounds interesting. Are there any prominent European
         | startups who did go that route?
         | 
         | Would you like to write a blog post about it?
        
         | znpy wrote:
         | Depending on where you're doing that and your nationality and
         | fiscal residence, that might be illegal.
        
           | Luc wrote:
           | Surely not? Could you name a specific combination of those 3
           | factors that make it illegal?
        
         | antupis wrote:
         | yeah and then go after European engineering talent, try to get
         | best of both worlds.
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | Maybe a sort of conglomerate, where each new 'startup' is part of
       | an existing company. Would that avoid some of the bureacracy?
        
       | darkwater wrote:
       | Good luck with that, Italy and Italians are one of the most
       | bureaucracy-obsessed country on the planet. You can think you own
       | country has bureaucracy issues? Go check Italy, and it will be
       | for sure worse. I mean, in 2022 AFAIK and still not _every_
       | salaried person can have a default pre-compiled tax draft that
       | they can just sign on the Internet and get approved. You have to
       | go and compile it one from scratch (I think the situation is
       | changing but still not everybody has this by default). Also there
       | is this idea where you get by default a lot of taxes but that you
       | can opt-in to many helps for various topics (like, improving your
       | house energy efficiency) which will reduce your tax burden, over
       | usually 5 or 10 years after you paid for it cash. There are small
       | taxes and fees for everything, you had to pay an annual tax to
       | validate your passport (which was obviously checked only when you
       | left Italy, if you live abroad nobody even knows about it, so now
       | they made it a big fee at passport renewal every 10years) and so
       | on. Source: an Italian living abroad, tired of bureaucracy .
        
         | bonzini wrote:
         | > still not every salaried person can have a default pre-
         | compiled tax draft that they can just sign on the Internet and
         | get approved. You have to go and compile it one from scratch
         | 
         | This has changed several years ago.
         | 
         | > you had to pay an annual tax to validate your passport
         | 
         | Keyword being _had_. It 's gone for like 10 years.
        
           | lnxg33k1 wrote:
           | Yeah like I am not sure, when I was living in London, not
           | being Schengen, at a certain point I got in mind to just go
           | to "Questura" and make my electronic passport so that I could
           | go through the fast automatic gate, I went there, paid the
           | "Bollo", and I explained that I had to depart in a couple of
           | days, and I just got the e-passport the morning I had to
           | depart.. like it was blazing fast, I mean for my experience,
           | getting passports in Italy is really a no-brainer
        
             | squarefoot wrote:
             | Some things have been sped up a lot (thanks to the EU),
             | however in some cases bureaucracy still slows down even the
             | simplest document request. Personal experience: I want to
             | relocate, so last summer I found a new home and quickly
             | paid a 20K Euros non refundable (in case of withdraw)
             | deposit upfront. Unfortunately I later discovered that my
             | own home can't be sold at market value, or to be more
             | accurate to be purchased at market value with an authorized
             | mortgage, because it was originally intended as (can't
             | translate the proper Italian term) roughly half-owned-by-
             | the-state-property which was a formula intended to help
             | poor families to buy their home for cheap in city
             | developing areas during the 80s. I have no resources to buy
             | the new home without selling the old one first, and no
             | intentions of getting into debt for it.
             | 
             | To make it short, if I want to sell my home at market value
             | to someone paying with a mortgage (likely 98% of buyers
             | need one) I have to request some documentation which
             | involves a tax, which in my case amounts to 5K Euros, plus
             | a notary lawyer for documents filling and transmission
             | which cost a few hundreds Euros. All fine and dandy, too
             | bad that the mean time between the document request and
             | when it is being released amounts to 7-8 months! Big WTF...
             | 7-8 months for a fucking stamp on a piece of paper, plus
             | hopefully one record in a database! I filled, paid and sent
             | the request last January, let's see how much time will it
             | need. I am extremely lucky that the owner of the home I'm
             | buying will wait until next summer, and I'll have to
             | deposit more money to drag it further, or I would have lost
             | all my deposit only because of bureaucracy.
        
               | lnxg33k1 wrote:
               | That sucks sorry, good luck.. I'm so lucky that I dont
               | own an house and can't afford a mortgage in any way :D
        
             | darkwater wrote:
             | I always had to do several hoops and loops through the
             | consulate to get my 1st and then renew my passport abroad.
             | But maybe we Italians living abroad are a snowflake and an
             | edge case in this regard (like, I still renewed 6 months
             | ago my ID card and it is still made of fucking paper)
        
               | lnxg33k1 wrote:
               | Soon after that I got also my e-id, what a bloody win not
               | being watched anymore like a neanderthaler every time I
               | had to show my ID :D (but I lost the PIN) (But then I got
               | the SPID and didn't need the e-ID anymore :D)
        
               | darkwater wrote:
               | For SPID I'm also trapped in some loop where I can't get
               | it easily from abroad, and I still don't understand why.
        
               | lnxg33k1 wrote:
               | Have you tried Aruba? I have done remotely up to the
               | level 2 with them, and the verification compared to the
               | one from Poste is just via webcam, you just hop on a chat
               | with them, move your head left and right, make a jump, a
               | turn, hold your ID close to your face and the guy just
               | approves the identity, try if you haven't thought of them
               | yet
        
               | emme wrote:
               | And you can use it with a standard OTP generator:
               | https://github.com/andry08/ArubaOTP-seed-extractor
        
               | lnxg33k1 wrote:
               | Omg this is awesome, thank you
        
               | kwere wrote:
               | with Sielte i did the SPID online in three days
        
           | darkwater wrote:
           | > This has changed several years ago.
           | 
           | AFAIK not yet for _everybody_
           | 
           | > Keyword being had. It's gone for like 10 years.
           | 
           | I think it's less, but in my last renewal in 2017 I had to
           | pay over 100EUR all at once which is ridiculous (but at least
           | less ridiculous than having to put a 10EUR physical "marca da
           | bollo" each and every year).
        
             | bonzini wrote:
             | > AFAIK not yet for everybody
             | 
             | For all employees (lavoratori dipendenti) and retired
             | people.
        
         | frafra wrote:
         | I guess you are not an Italian living in Germany then :-)
        
         | mcs_ wrote:
         | it seems like they are building it in the Netherlands
        
         | allendoerfer wrote:
         | You are basically describing Germany. I try to put it on first-
         | mover disadvantage to make me feel better: Basically Germany
         | has had a relatively functioning administration for hundreds of
         | years (Italy even for thousands). Compared to something you
         | would design from scratch in 2022 it looks a bit archaic. I
         | celebrate every little step forward.
        
           | yywwbbn wrote:
           | The US administrative and political system is objectively
           | older and more archaic than the ones in almost every European
           | country (besides Britain, Switzerland and maybe(?)
           | Scandinavian countries). Germany was established in 1949 and
           | Italy is a fairly new country as well.
        
             | kuschku wrote:
             | > Germany was established in 1949
             | 
             | That's a neat myth, but you'll constantly interface with
             | laws and bureaucratic structures from the pre-WWI empire
             | (e.g. most of the school system, a lot of taxes, the entire
             | healthcare system) and sometimes even Prussian laws from
             | before the German Union.
        
             | Bayart wrote:
             | The current Switzerland goes back to 1848. There was a
             | massive shift n administration and statecraft throughout
             | Europe after the French Revolution, even in Scandinavia.
             | Britain's the only country that kept to its own.
        
             | allendoerfer wrote:
             | As other commentors pointed out: The fundamentals of German
             | bureaucracy are way older than 1949.
             | 
             | Americans seem to have a special relation to their
             | constitution, but in practice you interface with more
             | detailed areas of the law much more often. The civil code
             | of Germany [0] is from 1881 and even then was not written
             | from scratch, but contains Prussian laws etc.
             | 
             | [0]
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BCrgerliches_Gesetzbuch
        
             | darkwater wrote:
             | Italy is a new country but relies on older habits and in
             | general on a more conservative mindset.
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | Modern Germany and Italy are successor states to much older
             | entities, and frequently stuff from those ages creeps in.
             | 
             | Well, every European country has this. France is at the
             | Fifth Republic right now but I can bet that there's some
             | obscure law hidden somewhere that's from the time of Philip
             | II of France.
        
         | riffraff wrote:
         | > Go check Italy, and it will be for sure worse.
         | 
         | I live in Hungary, am Italian, Hungary is worse for most
         | things.
        
         | lnxg33k1 wrote:
         | I think Italy is below Germany at a bureaucratic level, I am
         | not fully convinced that bureaucracy is the main issue, I think
         | the main issue is the lack of electronic and fast and reliable
         | and documented ways to complete requirements
        
         | gw67 wrote:
         | I am startup owner (SRL, limited liability company). I have
         | incorporated the company in 1 day through a notary. Other
         | activities related to taxes are outsourced by EUR2k-3k/year
         | accountant. Yeah, it could be easier, but it's not the problem.
         | 
         | If you build a startup and your main concern are those tax
         | activities, I assume you are not building a startup. That's
         | definitely not the hardest part :)
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | C19is20 wrote:
         | Sounds like you've been living abroad for about 15 years.
        
         | kwere wrote:
         | FUN FACT: in Italy there are 160K regulations (75k at national
         | level), 7000 in France, 5500 in Germany [0]. I would say that
         | the structure is to shift responsabilities down the power
         | stream. For example, Doctor were legally and financially liable
         | if any covid patient got aftereffects [1]
         | 
         | [0] https://www.corriere.it/economia/aziende/cards/imprese-
         | itali...
         | 
         | [1]https://www.univrmagazine.it/2020/04/09/emergenza-
         | covid-19-e...
        
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