[HN Gopher] Apple neglects to patch two zero-day, wild vulnerabi...
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       Apple neglects to patch two zero-day, wild vulnerabilities for Big
       Sur, Catalina
        
       Author : jiripospisil
       Score  : 150 points
       Date   : 2022-04-05 15:59 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.intego.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.intego.com)
        
       | mcv wrote:
       | Can someone explain to me what "zero day" still means these days?
       | I thought it was the time the developer was aware of the
       | vulnerability, so once they're patching it or deciding not to
       | patch it, it's by definition not a zero-day exploit anymore,
       | isn't it?
       | 
       | Or do I understand this completely wrong?
        
         | jedberg wrote:
         | Nowadays a 0-day basically means the person who found it
         | decided to exploit it instead of report it. So the company
         | finds out because there is an active exploit instead of having
         | it responsibly reported.
         | 
         | It's shorthand for "an exploit that wasn't responsibly
         | reported".
        
           | creeble wrote:
           | Yes, it has essentially lost all meaning as most vulns are
           | exploited before ever being reported. And even those who
           | responsibly report them call them "0-days", which is sort of
           | true on the day they report them, but only if the company
           | didn't receive any other reports, and why would they divulge
           | that information unless they had to, like to give someone
           | else the bug bounty? "Sorry, it's actually a 14-day, we're
           | working on the fix." Right.
           | 
           | So again, it's lost any useful meaning I think.
        
             | jedberg wrote:
             | > as most vulns are exploited before ever being reported.
             | 
             | I don't think that's even remotely true.
             | 
             | And given that it's not true, it's still a useful
             | distinction. 0-day means an exploit that is being exploited
             | before it was reported to the vendor, which is different
             | than most exploits, which are reported to the vendor first.
        
               | creeble wrote:
               | I guess it's true that most vulns are either reported to
               | (or originate from) a vendor, and that these dominate the
               | CVE db.
               | 
               | But naturally, unless you are the vendor, you will likely
               | not have heard of these. Otherwise, by definition, they
               | would be zero-day vulns.
        
           | Vladimof wrote:
           | > Nowadays a 0-day basically means the person who found it
           | decided to exploit it instead of report it. So the company
           | finds out because there is an active exploit instead of
           | having it responsibly reported.
           | 
           | Any vulnerability that was reported and not fixed could
           | probably be considered one?
        
         | tylerhou wrote:
         | I've always interpreted it as "zero days since a fix was
         | released."
        
         | robotcookies wrote:
         | I've always interpreted it as meaning no patch is available yet
         | for a vulnerability. Does not matter whether a decision to
         | patch or not has been made. Doesn't matter if it's been
         | exploited yet.
        
       | otterley wrote:
       | The author of this blog post is lobbing some pretty serious
       | accusations at Apple of being "neglect[ful]" and "deliberate,"
       | when in fact it's much more likely that the responsible teams are
       | carefully trying to backport the security patches without causing
       | regressions. Sometimes a little patience is in order.
       | 
       | But, of course, hysterics get you clicks.
        
         | fartcannon wrote:
         | What makes you sure your version is true, while there's isn't?
         | They're not your friend, they're a giant, exploitative
         | megacorp.
        
           | pjbeam wrote:
           | Yes, they are megacorp. In the general case I think that
           | working to uphold brand standard is the parsimonious
           | interpretation rather than hahaha won't fix.
        
           | naoqj wrote:
           | The author of this blog post is not my friend either and they
           | sell an antivirus so they are trying to get me to give them
           | money as well.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | fartcannon wrote:
             | Fair point. It does appear to be an antivirus software
             | blog. Interesting, thank you.
        
           | krnlpnc wrote:
           | * Taking extra time for a stable fix
           | 
           | * Rushing out a patch that introduces possible instability
           | 
           | Which action do you think is better for business?
        
             | rob74 wrote:
             | That probably depends on the number of users whose Macs get
             | pwned in this "extra time" they are taking - I guess these
             | users would have preferred a potentially unstable fix to no
             | fix.
        
           | unethical_ban wrote:
           | Not all theories deserve equal weighting.
        
           | jedberg wrote:
           | They are a megacorp which employs actual humans who generally
           | aren't evil. The evilness is usually an emergent behavior.
           | 
           | I doubt the security team is sitting there choosing not to
           | patch this, given that they are passionate about security.
           | And it's unlikely that management has told them "don't
           | release the patch, we want the people on old OSs to
           | suffer!!".
           | 
           | Most likely is that they just don't have as many resources
           | for writing and testing the patch on the old versions, so
           | it's taking longer.
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | Or their security team is understaffed because of evil
             | emergent greedy behavior of the company.
        
               | stjohnswarts wrote:
               | Yep this is the reason. Monterrey probably has 10X as
               | many people on it.
        
               | sulam wrote:
               | This is probably off by a factor of 2 at least. Is if you
               | told me that Monterrey has 5x as many users, I'd agree.
               | Not 10X. That said, there are likely a sizable group
               | (5%?) of customers that _cannot_ upgrade to Monterey.
               | Apple should be worried for these customers, too.
        
         | TheKnack wrote:
         | Apple invites this kind of reaction by not being transparent
         | and not cooperating with the larger security community, for
         | reasons that are difficult to understand.
         | 
         | This week's episode of the the podcast run by the Intego Mac
         | Antivirus company talked about a new malware affecting Macos
         | that was severe enough that Apple released Xprotect signatures
         | for it, but didn't provide details to the rest of the security
         | community, so anti-virus vendors had to reverse engineer the
         | Xprotect signatures to figure out what they were for. Apple
         | usually only updates Xprotect for the highest severity malware
         | that's circulating widely.
         | 
         | https://podcast.intego.com/233
         | 
         | Most of the tech industry participates in information sharing
         | through groups like the Cyber Tech Accord, the Cyber Threat
         | Alliance, and several others. Apple is conspicuously absent
         | from these groups.
         | 
         | https://cybertechaccord.org/signatories/
         | 
         | https://www.cyberthreatalliance.org/
         | 
         | What reason does Apple have to withhold information about
         | vulnerabilities from the rest of the industry? It just puts
         | their customers at risk. They have a trillion dollars. There's
         | no reason they couldn't dedicate entire teams to disseminating
         | information in a responsible way, just like every other tech
         | company that you've heard of.
         | 
         | In the case of these Big Sur / Catalina patches, what benefit
         | is it for them to not share their plans if they are in fact
         | planning to release patches once the "regressions" are
         | accounted for?
        
           | sulam wrote:
           | Not to take anything away from the other things you're
           | saying, but there's a large difference between a company's
           | valuation and how much cash plus equivalents they have. Apple
           | has roughly $20B, most of their valuation is from other
           | things. :)
        
           | otterley wrote:
           | > Apple invites this kind of reaction by not being
           | transparent and not cooperating with the larger security
           | community
           | 
           | Eh, I disagree. While it's fair to wonder what's taking them
           | so long, attributing malice or incompetence is unreasonable
           | without more evidence than mere delay.
           | 
           | > What reason does Apple have to withhold information about
           | vulnerabilities from the rest of the industry? It just puts
           | their customers at risk.
           | 
           | I think the jury is out on the conclusion. While Apple is
           | unquestionably peculiar with respect to their security
           | community engagement, I think most would agree that they also
           | have an outstanding overall security track record when you
           | take into account the immense number of devices out there,
           | all of which are connected to the Internet. It's difficult to
           | identify a company that does better (again, relative to the
           | overall risk exposure) than Apple in this aspect.
           | 
           | > They have a trillion dollars. There's no reason they
           | couldn't [insert anything here]
           | 
           | Money can't buy you everything. Even Apple's war chest can't
           | buy them the exact talent they need at the exact time. Talent
           | is scarce and often happy and well-compensated at other
           | engagements. Same goes for any of the FAANGs, one of whom I
           | currently work for.
        
         | chefandy wrote:
         | I look askance at hair-on-fire security alarmism but unpatched,
         | acknowledged, in-the-wild remote code execution vulnerabilities
         | are a pretty huge problem. Indeed, their words are sharp, but
         | judiciously applied pressure is warranted.
         | 
         | For some, lagging updates for critical applications render a
         | complete OS upgrade infeasible. Apple patching old versions was
         | reliable enough to inform security praxis and they should warn
         | users about delays, even if the policy hasn't changed.
        
           | KarlKemp wrote:
           | There just isn't much software that works on Big Sur but not
           | Monterey, if any. It's not like a windows 95 to XP update.
           | With yearly OS releases, the ecosystem is somewhat more up-
           | to-date and resilient to typical changes.
        
         | jmyeet wrote:
         | This is my first reaction as well. Apple has a pretty good
         | track record and a strong motivation to fix these
         | vulnerabilities. It's a strong accusation to claim they're
         | "neglecting" this deliberately and that needs some evidence.
         | 
         | Here's some media literacy training for anyone seeing this: the
         | title uses the word "neglecting". It's an odd word to choose
         | but extremely deliberate. The author can't say "refusing"
         | because that would require evidence as would "downplaying" or
         | "dragging their feet". But "neglecting" allows you to use no
         | action as "evidence" so you should be automatically suspicious
         | of it.
         | 
         | It's the same as "[Big Company] considering [controversial
         | thing]". The word "considering" is deliberately chosen because
         | it allows baseless speculation... which is the point.
        
         | _-david-_ wrote:
         | Apple is able to patch the newest version without regressions
         | but not the older versions?
        
           | op00to wrote:
           | Every product team I've been on that kept multiple versions
           | of a product going would fix the newest first, then the next
           | newest and so on down the line until the oldest version got
           | fixed. This is nothing new.
        
           | brimble wrote:
           | Is it not entirely normal for a version currently or recently
           | under active development to be easier to confidently work
           | with than something you have to pull out of mothballed
           | status? I know good practices improve that situation (the
           | "natural" default for which seems to be "lol good luck, you
           | may as well re-write from scratch" absent _any_ forward-
           | looking effort beforehand), but surely there 's still _some_
           | friction that comes with that even in places that handle it
           | very well.
        
           | ectospheno wrote:
           | Monterey came out late October. You only aren't on it if you
           | decided not to be.
        
             | pgwhalen wrote:
             | Just checked, I'm not on Monterey, and I can't say I've
             | decided either way.
        
               | brimble wrote:
               | I just checked and I'm on Big Sur.
               | 
               | It's the reboot, for me. It's just inconvenient enough
               | that I put off upgrades for a long time, usually. I
               | usually apply iOS updates promptly, because it's much
               | easier to say "yes" to those since it's not going to lose
               | much useful state on re-boot. Plus they seem to complete
               | a lot faster.
        
               | pgwhalen wrote:
               | Yeah I'm on Big Sur on my work computer, so I bet it's
               | frozen by policy, but I bet it's the same on my personal,
               | for the same reason.
        
               | sulam wrote:
               | Python 2.7 being removed has probably made corporate
               | upgrades very slow.
        
             | wayne wrote:
             | Or you have a Mac from 6+ years ago that doesn't support
             | it. https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212551
             | 
             | Apple doesn't support old hardware as long as
             | Microsoft/Linux.
        
               | brimble wrote:
               | Big Sur should see at least another 18 months of support.
               | Admittedly, that's just guessing based on past behavior,
               | not a guarantee, which does kinda suck, but in fact it
               | will probably see that much more support. Will likely
               | remain safe to use for _some_ amount of time past that,
               | though who knows how long. Realistically, and accounting
               | for 18 months being a bit pessimistic, one might
               | reasonably expect another 24-30 months of use with a
               | machine that can 't upgrade past Big Sur, before having
               | to make some kind of choice (install Linux, install
               | Windows, or buy a new machine, I guess)
        
           | haswell wrote:
           | This is a very plausible problem.
           | 
           | Backporting to older releases means finding potentially new
           | solutions to the same problems depending on where the bugs
           | sit in the codebase. This could also mean backporting more
           | than just the fix itself, depending on how the codebase has
           | evolved.
        
         | jimbob45 wrote:
         | Since when should zero-day vulns be treated with patience?
         | 
         | Also
         | 
         | >This isn't the first time that we've observed Apple neglecting
         | to patch serious vulnerabilities, or even actively exploited
         | ones.
        
           | nipponese wrote:
           | When you're "trying to backport the security patches without
           | causing regressions". There's no silver bullet for patching
           | large codebases at huge organizations.
        
       | bell-cot wrote:
       | > "Posted on April 5th, 2022 by Joshua Long [...] Last week, on
       | May 31, Apple patched two...
       | 
       | Ah...are the headline vulnerabilities related to date & time
       | functions, perhaps?
        
         | donohoe wrote:
         | Yeah, I noticed that too. How can you confuse 'May' with
         | 'March"?
         | 
         | Update: They fixed it.
        
       | jakear wrote:
       | Better source (more technical details, less doomsaying):
       | https://sensorstechforum.com/cve-2022-22675-kernel-privilege...
        
         | CameronNemo wrote:
         | This is not equivalent whatsoever. TFA's point is that the CVEs
         | are unpatched in supposedly supported macOS versions. The link
         | you provided just talks about the CVEs broadly.
        
           | jakear wrote:
           | Knowing that the ticket is still open is helpful, yes. But it
           | can be expressed as a Boolean, dedicating a whole essay to it
           | is pointless doomsaying. I'd much rather read the technical
           | details and level of access needed to exploit it so I can
           | take steps to protect myself.
           | 
           | That a company selling antivirus software is more willing to
           | devote an essay to doomsaying than technical info that might
           | actually help users is a good indication to look for
           | alternative sources.
        
       | paultopia wrote:
       | This kind of post isn't terribly helpful to end-users (though I
       | guess the audience really is apple, for pressure purposes)
       | without some kind of insight into how hard it is to actively
       | exploit whatever these vulnerabilities are.
       | 
       | Like, there's a big difference between actively exploited
       | vulnerability that requires physical access to the machine or
       | conscious user decision to run an untrusted executable, versus
       | actively exploited vulnerability that can bite a user when they
       | visit a website or read a text message. If these vulnerabilities
       | are in the second category, maybe I freak out and upgrade to
       | monterey today; if in the first, I just rely on the perfectly
       | good lock on my front door until apple backports the updates.
        
       | KarlKemp wrote:
       | > Jin observed that M1-based Macs running macOS Big Sur remain
       | vulnerable to CVE-2022-22675.
       | 
       | So the first vulnerability affects only M1 macs, all of which are
       | compatible with Monterey. There's your patch.
       | 
       | > We have high confidence that CVE-2022-22674 likely affects both
       | macOS Big Sur and macOS Catalina. Nearly all vulnerabilities [..]
       | 
       | "High confidence" that it is "likely"? I have "absolute
       | certainty" that it is "possible", then.
       | 
       | Sure, it's a reasonable guess. But there's a lot of strongly
       | worded outrage in this text. Personally, I'd hedge a bit on the
       | accusations until they are shown to be true.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | CameronNemo wrote:
         | This can still help inform decisions for internal IT
         | departments. My IT dept has put an update blocker to prevent
         | users from upgrading to Monterey, for example. This information
         | could help them remove the block.
        
       | jiripospisil wrote:
       | Related: "n-1 and n-2: Should we really trust in you?" by the
       | same author https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o5KUvgXHOFU
        
       | HNHatesUsers wrote:
        
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