[HN Gopher] Germany has seized control of Gazprom Germania
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Germany has seized control of Gazprom Germania
        
       Author : guard0g
       Score  : 256 points
       Date   : 2022-04-05 10:48 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.businessinsider.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.businessinsider.com)
        
       | manuelabeledo wrote:
       | Only tangential to the article, but does anyone find risky that
       | absolutely critical services depend on one or two foreign private
       | companies?
       | 
       | And other than losing money, what would be the consequences of
       | Gazprom pulling out of Germany completely? I'm guessing that
       | Russia just doesn't have enough economic leverage to do so.
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | The theory is that if the two countries depend on each other
         | deeply they will avoid disputes that would disrupt that
         | relationship. That hasn't worked out so well in this case, but
         | has worked well IMHO to break the cycle of warfare in Western
         | Europe over the last 70 years or so, the longest stretch of
         | peace in in that region for over a thousand years or longer.
         | Under a rational actor/game theoretic model that is the most
         | likely outcome.
         | 
         | Russia decided to use the gas as a weapon and germany decided
         | to use its financial structure (I.e. its ties to many other
         | countries) as a weapon back. In the medium and long term I
         | think Russia needs germany more than the other way around.
         | 
         | More broadly: your business is in trouble if it only has a
         | small number of customers or suppliers. That diversity provides
         | resilience. In geopolitical terms, it's it's fine to have only
         | overseas suppliers (and even good from a comparative advantage
         | perspective) as long as they aren't correlated. Germany's bet
         | (wrong) was that making an oversized commitment on Russia would
         | provide a welcome guarantee to reduce the chance of
         | isolationism, That didn't work. But Russia made the opposite
         | bet: that the commitment meant they had a stranglehold on
         | Germany. But Germany is too rich and has too many friends for
         | that to be any more than a transient threat.
        
         | laurent92 wrote:
         | Do you think it is fine for EDF to operate 8 nuclear plants of
         | UK, "outside EU"? Do you think it is fine for Gmail to suppress
         | email accounts of entire companies in Europe? Especially if
         | they already did it for individuals and their work Gmail.
         | 
         | I think we live in a dangerously intertwined world, and a bit
         | of email redundancy in each country would be quite important.
        
       | hugi wrote:
       | It's nice to see Germany start working towards energy
       | independence. I think it's a crucial factor for both national
       | security and a faster migration to more environmentally friendly
       | energy sources.
        
         | bitL wrote:
         | 10 years too late... It's going to be Eldorado for US companies
         | buying bankrupting German companies for cheap...
        
           | durnygbur wrote:
           | yes please
        
           | Gareth321 wrote:
           | Angela Merkel is squarely to blame here. She was warned about
           | he dangers for the 16 years she was chancellor of Germany,
           | and instead of diversifying, doubled down on Russian oil and
           | gas, and ordered the closure of the remaining nuclear plants.
           | So be it. The people voted for her, and apparently Germans in
           | general are rather anti-nuclear.
        
             | cinntaile wrote:
             | Angela Merkel did not want to close the plants, but the
             | public opinion forced her hand. The people wanted this.
        
               | baq wrote:
               | perhaps she didn't properly explain that Putin can and
               | will shut off the supply... or maybe she herself couldn't
               | believe that he's that much of a thug.
        
               | sho_hn wrote:
               | OP's "the people wanted this" hints at a complicated
               | background. Getting out of nuclear is a long-running
               | social movement in Germany, with Chernobyl as a decisive
               | event. There's a caste of of politicians and private
               | individuals for whom this is generation-defining/a
               | founding myth. It's the kind of thing that arthouse
               | movies (e.g. "Das Ding am Deich") and social
               | documentaries are made about. Discussing, for example,
               | the particular issues of adolescents raised by parents
               | who used to live at the protests parties in the 80s.
               | 
               | It bubbled over with Fukushima, the a roiling and boiling
               | mid-life crisis for an entire subculture. Consequences or
               | the Russia variable provided little resistance to the
               | Zeitgeist - the biggest "I told you so" in decades. There
               | was no planning to be done.
        
             | j-krieger wrote:
             | It's almost like spending half of your life and career
             | under the umbrella of the USSR makes people vulnerable to
             | be influenced by russian forces.
        
         | logifail wrote:
         | > energy independence
         | 
         | We use LPG gas (from a tank buried at the bottom of the garden)
         | feeding a gas boiler to heat our house.
         | 
         | I'm all for energy independence, and would love to switch to a
         | more environmentally-friendly energy source, but I'm deeply
         | concerned about how much this will cost me, and even if I did
         | have the money, based on reports in local media, getting a
         | heating engineer in would take many months.
         | 
         | Half a continent wants to switch energy supply "now" _and_ the
         | world was already suffering a serious supply chain crisis.
         | Changing quickly may simply not be possible, never mind
         | affordable.
        
           | throwmeariver1 wrote:
           | We are in Germany and switched to a heatpump system 4 years
           | ago through incentives over the "Marktanreizprogramm" we got
           | over 45% of the costs reimbursed. It's not even only on the
           | supply chain crisis it's simply ramping up production and
           | training installers because everyone was totally fine with
           | just doing oil and gas for a long time but now everyone
           | scrambles. Shortsightness not only from the state but
           | everyday people and businesses. Thank god for being Links-
           | Grun versifft.
        
             | holoduke wrote:
             | For our detached house the price of a heatpump setup is
             | about 40.000 euros. We decided to stick with gass for a
             | while. At some point a electrical heat unit would be
             | better. Very inefficient, but with solar and batteries a
             | lot cheaper than a heatpump. About 15.000 euros.
        
           | Toutouxc wrote:
           | That's interesting, so the tank is permanent and you refill
           | it somehow? If yes, how often? Can you do the same thing with
           | natural gas? Does the place you live in have natural gas?
        
             | maxerickson wrote:
             | It depends on the heating need and size of the tank.
             | 
             | In the US, there is nothing unusual about a 1,000 gallon
             | tank that you might fill twice a year.
        
             | NortySpock wrote:
             | Not your parent poster, but the tanks are commonly
             | installed above-ground in the rural USA. It is propane
             | (C3H8), which is liquid under pressure. Tanks are refilled
             | as needed depending on usage via a tanker truck. I assume
             | this is monthly but I don't personally have one.
             | 
             | In the US, natural gas normally refers to methane (CH4)
             | heating, attached to a city methane heating grid. I pay a
             | monthly bill per cubic foot of methane burned. Currently my
             | water heater and furnace are methane. I live near Kansas
             | City.
        
               | tssva wrote:
               | As residential development continues to expand and
               | natural gas delivery systems do not to match in many
               | areas the use of propane has moved beyond the rural US. I
               | have a house in a suburban neighborhood developed in the
               | last 10 years and all the houses have buried propane
               | tanks instead of natural gas hookups. The propane fuels
               | heating systems, hot water heaters and stove tops. Most
               | have grills and fire pits also attached. I have all those
               | plus the propane fuels an emergency whole house
               | generator.
               | 
               | How often tanks are refilled depends upon your particular
               | usage pattern and the time of year. Refills can occur on
               | demand, on an automatic basis determined by looking at
               | your past usage patterns or as in my case triggered by an
               | IoT connected meter which notifies my propane supplier
               | when my tanks fall below a pre-determined level.
               | Depending on the time of year it can be 3 months or 6
               | months between fills.
        
               | maxerickson wrote:
               | A township I lived in had a provision against natural gas
               | in the master plan.
               | 
               | Not sure if it was an actual blocker, or just a statement
               | that there was no plan to install infrastructure.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | It depends on tank size and usage. I have small tank I
               | use just for a range and it gets filled once a year--I
               | use less than the minimum.
        
             | logifail wrote:
             | > the tank is permanent and you refill it somehow? If yes,
             | how often?
             | 
             | Yup, dug into the ground when the house was built, and
             | refilled basically once every two years ever since.
             | 
             | Given I used to be a lab chemist, it's oddly fascinating
             | watching the tanker drive up and then the best part of
             | 1000kg of propane is pumped into a tank under part of your
             | garden...
             | 
             | We were told "no naked flames within 3m of the tank" - we
             | BBQ at the other end of the garden :)
        
         | recuter wrote:
         | Yeah, they got top minds on this. Top. Minds.
         | 
         | Nuclear canceled by the Green Party and pre-March went all in
         | on Russian oil and gas.
        
           | DasIch wrote:
           | Gas is used primarily by heating or industrial processes that
           | require it. It can't be meaningfully substituted with
           | anything else in the short term.
           | 
           | To some extent you can't even substitute with gas from other
           | sources because of lack of (connections to) LNG terminals.
        
             | makomk wrote:
             | The lack of both LNG terminals and adequate connections to
             | ones in other countries is a big part of what people mean
             | when they say Germany went all in on Russian gas. They
             | physically cannot import enough gas from other sources, as
             | I understand it, and this was an intentional and knowing
             | decision despite warnings from other counties.
        
               | recuter wrote:
               | I am not a Trump fan, but I do enjoy me some, how you
               | guys say, _schadenfreude_ :
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vpwkdmwui3k
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | > Nuclear canceled by the Green Party
           | 
           | .. after Fukushima. Trading one tail risk for another.
           | 
           | (Germany has oddly lagged in deploying renewables, though.
           | Possibly due to lack of offshore sites, meaning that wind
           | farms have to be deployed against the efforts of NIMBYs)
        
             | cjrp wrote:
             | Surely Germany's a big enough (and sparsely-populated
             | enough) country that wind farms can go somewhere without
             | complaint?
        
               | kijin wrote:
               | Germany is about 15% smaller than California, but with
               | more than twice the population. Not exactly what I'd call
               | "sparsely populated".
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | sascha_sl wrote:
               | It's an ongoing joke that a mandate to place wind farms
               | 2km from populated areas left no space at for wind farms
               | in that state.
               | 
               | It's not actually sparsely populated at all.
        
             | majewsky wrote:
             | After Fukushima, nuclear was canceled by the conservatives
             | (the Merkel II government), when the Green Party was not
             | part of the government. The Green Party _did_ cancel
             | nuclear, but in the year 2000. Their timeline called for
             | the shutdown of the last nuclear power plants in the 2020s,
             | which would have been ample time to build up enough
             | replacement capacity from renewables. But that plan was
             | neutered by the Merkel governments crippling the buildup of
             | renewables for 16 years.
             | 
             | Which is not to say there's not also NIMBYism. There is in
             | fact a ton of opposition to buildup of renewables from both
             | conservative-leaning citizens and left/green-leaning
             | advocacy groups.
        
             | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
             | _>.. after Fukushima. Trading one tail risk for another._
             | 
             | The statistical risks from nuclear actually causing a
             | disaster are absolutely tiny in comparison, especially
             | considering the upsides, but the Germans and Austrians want
             | to be EU's nuclear doomers for shits and giggles just
             | because Chernobyl and Fukushima happened, even though so
             | many nuclear plants worldwide have run for decades without
             | issue.
             | 
             | But sucking on the sweeet teat of Putin's gas for decades
             | and burning it was the "greener" alternative for them
             | instead.
        
             | piokoch wrote:
             | "After Fukushima" is the funniest part of this. Baltic and
             | North seas are well known from their gigantic tsunami
             | waves.
        
               | kuschku wrote:
               | German Nuclear plants are usually on rivers, and as we've
               | seen in the past year, those can have huge floods
               | destroying everything around. You don't want your nuclear
               | plant's backup generators to look like Ahrweiler.
        
               | pvaldes wrote:
               | If you think that tsunamis are funny you will love the
               | concept of melting ice in the arctic messing with all the
               | sea currents. That would be hilarious (except for the
               | humans, of course).
        
             | raverbashing wrote:
             | > .. after Fukushima. Trading one tail risk for another.
             | 
             | We don't stop flying after planes get into an accident. We
             | evaluate and improve our designs and controls
             | 
             | But with nuclear with go with knee-jerk reaction for some
             | reason
        
               | blywi wrote:
               | There's more to the story than that.
               | 
               | The last German government before Merkel came to power,
               | was a coalition between the Green party and the Social-
               | Democrats (SPD), this government decided to phase-out
               | nuclear power in Germany in favor of renewable energy by
               | limiting the running time of existing nuclear power
               | plants.
               | 
               | The next German government was a coalition between
               | conservative CDU under Merkel and SPD, and the nuclear
               | phase-out remained untouched.
               | 
               | But when Merkel won the federal elections a second time
               | and was able to form a coalition with the Liberal-
               | Democrats (FDP) replacing of the SPD as a coalition
               | partner, who had voted in favor of the nuclear phase-out,
               | they decided to cancel the nuclear phase-out.
               | 
               | This happened in the autumn of 2010 and was a
               | controversial decision for the public opinion. When
               | Fukushima happened half year later it was widely seen as
               | a confirmation of the inherent risks of nuclear energy
               | and thus the Green party's energy politics, not because
               | Germany is especially prone to Tsunamis, but because it
               | showed that it's impossible to rule out and plan for
               | every possible dangerous situation in advance, and that
               | even a high-tech country like Japan, on a comparable
               | technical level to Germany, was not able to stop the
               | meltdowns.
               | 
               | Elections in federal states shortly after Fukushima
               | resulted in a landslide loss for Merkel's CDU and big
               | wins for the Green party, the CDU losing one of its
               | stronghold states [1] it had before held constantly for
               | 58 years.
               | 
               | As far as I remember Merkel foresaw the public reaction
               | and almost immediately after Fukushima voiced out in
               | favor of reversing the cancelation of the nuclear phase-
               | out, but could only get a solid backing in her party,
               | after the losses in the federal state elections.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.swissinfo.ch/ger/-fukushima-strahlt-bis-
               | baden-wu...
        
               | jaywalk wrote:
               | > But with nuclear with go with knee-jerk reaction for
               | some reason
               | 
               | That reason is propaganda. The anti-nuclear people use
               | anything they can to whip people up into an irrational
               | frenzy whenever anything happens, and it has worked
               | pretty well.
        
           | Tade0 wrote:
           | Uranium is also imported. Overall the EU gets 20% of its
           | uranium from Russia and another 20% from Kazakhstan, which is
           | economically deeply tied with Russia.
        
             | gruturo wrote:
             | This is irrelevant. Uranium, being unbelievably energy
             | dense, is truly trivial to ship in meaningful quantities
             | from anywhere in the world. Australia has the world's
             | biggest reserves for example. Plenty of ways to acquire
             | uranium without relying (and financially benefiting) from
             | putler or order nondemocratic regimes.
        
           | throw0101a wrote:
           | > _Yeah, they got top minds on this. Top. Minds._
           | 
           | Top men:
           | 
           | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FRP0MBNoieY
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | Nuclear wasn't cancelled by the greens. And anyway germany
           | imports electricity from France and Czech which was generated
           | by nukes.
        
           | plantain wrote:
           | It looks like the Green Party didn't have a single minister
           | in 2016 when they turned off all the nuclear post-Fukushima -
           | so why would the Green party be responsible?
           | 
           | Who has been in power for the last 20 years exactly that
           | could have built renewable power instead of quadrupling down
           | on Russian gas? It wasn't the Green party.
        
           | baq wrote:
           | makes you think if Green Party is also financed by Russia...
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | I would suppose so, if you see a relatively big
             | organization promoting things that you want to happen why
             | wouldn't you finance them?
             | 
             | That Russia would finance the Greens doesn't automatically
             | what the Greens advocate for wrong, or that the Greens are
             | actually traitors, what it does is twofold - start a
             | process whereby the Greens can over time be corrupted (via
             | the money spout), and indicate that whatever the Greens are
             | doing there may be unintended side effects which would be
             | of benefit to Russia.
        
             | ivan_gammel wrote:
             | Greens are not financed by Russia, this is publicly
             | available information. Neither they did anything that could
             | look like a support of Russian agenda.
        
               | baq wrote:
               | anti-nuclear is pro-fossil. I'm saying that russian psy-
               | ops organize both sides of protesting factions in e.g.
               | Qanon, yellow vests in France, etc. - why wouldn't they
               | covertly finance anti-nuclear if they overtly finance
               | pro-fossil? Greens are pro-environment, but don't offer
               | substitute energy sources (because it isn't possible to
               | offer them, a different discussion) - exactly the kind of
               | turmoil Russia thrives in. but then, maybe the FSB's just
               | lucky here.
        
               | ivan_gammel wrote:
               | > anti-nuclear is pro-fossil
               | 
               | Wrong and baseless. It is possible to simultaneously
               | reduce nuclear and fossil components in the energy
               | balance and this is exactly what is happening.
               | 
               | > why wouldn't they covertly finance anti-nuclear if they
               | overtly finance pro-fossil?
               | 
               | Greens in Germany are established political party with
               | clear anti-Putin positioning. Financing of political
               | parties in Germany is transparent and has sufficient
               | oversight, so there's neither possibility nor any sense
               | to covertly finance them.
               | 
               | > Greens are pro-environment, but don't offer substitute
               | energy sources
               | 
               | Where did you get that from?
        
           | archerx wrote:
           | Sometimes I wonder if the Greens are actually funded by
           | petrol companies because everything they do seems to benefit
           | them in the end. In Switzerland the Greens are trying to be
           | as dumb as the German ones.
        
             | neuronic wrote:
             | There are dumb aspects about the German Greens ("Veggie
             | Day") but they do a good job moving Germany into the right
             | energy direction today. Your criticism is generally
             | unwarranted and the data shows it.
             | 
             | I think we shouldn't use words like "dumb" at all because
             | we are all trying to bring about the most sensible, safe
             | and productive energy future for our nations. These nations
             | have different circumstances and demands and some are more
             | influenced by corrupt individuals than others.
             | 
             | With regard to the Greens, what exactly is dumb? It can't
             | be the move away from nuclear because first of all, that
             | was decided by Merkel's CDU long ago and second, it is
             | economically the _only_ sensible thing to do in 2022. It 's
             | what the MARKET dictates. Capitalism at work because no one
             | will pay for the cost of building and running a nuclear
             | plant while renewables are already working and massively
             | cheaper to build, run and INSURE.
             | 
             | I'm not even talking about technology, safety or waste
             | disposal at all. There is no reason to even go there
             | because today NO energy provider in their right mind will
             | build new nuclear plants today (and they won't matter
             | anyway because building one takes 10+ years). The decision
             | is a result of cost and not technological misunderstanding
             | or ignorance.
             | 
             | Most days, Germany already produces and _consumes_ >50% of
             | renewable energy and it will only accelerate:
             | https://app.electricitymap.org/zone/DE
             | 
             | On the other hand, France's electricity briefly cost more
             | than >EUR2900/MWh yesterday (as opposed to EUR101/MWh in
             | Germany) due to their reliance on few but old nuclear
             | plants with high safety standards which go offline quite
             | often. France's electricity shortly was the most expensive
             | of all time in the world yesterday.
             | 
             | https://old.reddit.com/r/de/comments/tw656a/zwischen_8_und_
             | 9...
             | 
             | Anyone who actually supports new nuclear power plants today
             | shamefully displays their utter ignorance of the modern
             | energy market. It is COST that is prohibitive first and
             | foremost. It will always be a LOSS operation. The market
             | dictates the use of distributed renewable energy, which
             | also prevents nearly all other issues associated with
             | nuclear. Nice side effect.
             | 
             | In fact, Germany's real big issues are bureaucracy and
             | NIMBYs but thanks to the current crisis those will
             | hopefully be solved within the next years.
        
               | winkeltripel wrote:
               | That market needs to be guided away from fossil fuels.
               | How would such a market cover solar and wind when they
               | dont make enough? Batteries? Huge hydro storage? That
               | sounds more expensive than nuclear.
        
               | recuter wrote:
               | > I'm not even talking about technology, safety or waste
               | disposal at all. There is no reason to even go there
               | because today NO energy provider in their right mind will
               | build new nuclear plants today (and they won't matter
               | anyway because building one takes 10+ years). The
               | decision is a result of cost and not technological
               | misunderstanding or ignorance.
               | 
               | Yes, obviously.                 German chocolate
               | manufacturer Ritter Sport has decided to continue working
               | in Russia. According to Ritter Sport, about 7% of its
               | business is in the Russian market.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Schroder#Relationsh
               | ip_...
               | 
               | Money makes the world go around. You got in bed with
               | Russia for cheap energy, which you enjoyed for a decade
               | or two, and it cost you an increase in your defense
               | spending and some dead Ukrainians.
               | 
               | Lets hope that's all it will cost you. Of course you had
               | no choice, it is the invisible hand.
        
             | recuter wrote:
             | Old people vote more. Old hippies vote harder. Hippies are
             | impressionable and watched a lot of Hollywood movies like:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_China_Syndrome
             | 
             | And more recently:
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chernobyl_(miniseries)
             | 
             | Jane Fonda is a sexy grandma who still got it, she stopped
             | the war in Vietnam and got us in shape. With our powers
             | combined, we are Captain Planet? We were elected to lead
             | not to read!
             | 
             | Here is an additional thought: if you dedicate an entire
             | party completely and totally to solving one problem, what
             | happens to them if the problem actually gets solved?
             | 
             | Seems like a single issue politician is exclusively
             | incentivized to shift blame in order to get re-elected
             | rather than, you know, do anything constructive.
             | 
             | France is something like 70%+ nuclear powered, they got it
             | all sorted for the rest of the century. Not much for the
             | greenie weenies to do.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | I'm old enough to remember when Chernobyl was on the
               | news, not a fictionalised version. The initial "discard
               | all milk production across Europe" phase lasted a few
               | weeks, but the last restrictions in the UK took 26 years
               | to lift: https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-england-
               | cumbria-18299228
               | 
               | (it's also been in the news recently as it was right in
               | the middle of the Russian assault on Kyiv!)
               | 
               | The French nuclear mix is currently 58% :
               | https://www.rte-france.com/en/eco2mix/power-generation-
               | energ... because a large number of reactors are offline:
               | https://www.express.co.uk/news/science/1549986/macron-
               | france...
               | 
               | There are two problems with nuclear power:
               | 
               | - a "black swan" low probability risk of something really
               | bad happening, despite everyone saying it can't happen,
               | and poisoning the surrounding area
               | 
               | - it's expensive, takes a long time to build, and can
               | develop expensive problems. Many of the French reactors
               | are approaching the end of their 50 year design life.
               | 
               | That said, it was definitely a mistake for Germany to
               | close plants without a specific safety risk.
        
               | recuter wrote:
               | Germany is the 4th largest economy in the world with
               | pretty regular budget surpluses. I think that's what you
               | might call penny wise pound foolish, is there a saying
               | like that in German?
               | 
               | Black swan events are nothing to make light of. I mean
               | technically there's also a "black swan" risk of a meteor
               | destroying the earth or monkeys flying out of my butt.
               | 
               | I guess they aren't that good at that whole engineering
               | thing anymore and just can't handle this as well as the
               | French. ;)
        
               | winkeltripel wrote:
               | My argument for nuclear: the alternative low-carbon base
               | load is grid-scale lithium ion batteries. That tech is
               | ,(AFAIK) 10 years out from reaching both the scale and
               | price point needed. Also note that solar and wind need
               | enormous amounts of land.
        
             | nix23 wrote:
             | But in Switzerland the population voted against nuclear
             | energy, and with that we "the people" are as stupid as the
             | green party, right?
        
               | saiya-jin wrote:
               | People can be easily scared into doing very stupid things
               | long term. Fear is by far the easiest way to manipulate,
               | look at brexit, Trump etc.
               | 
               | Swiss are generally quite smart but have emotions just
               | like everybody else, even if it may not seem so upon
               | first encounter. From what I recall they already buy LNG
               | mainly from US so at least this part is not so bad re
               | current situation.
        
               | baq wrote:
               | somebody convinced the Swiss that benefits are not worth
               | the risk and/or costs; it's quite clear now that some of
               | the risk of being reliant on gas was... understated. the
               | greens, for all my love of the environment for the sake
               | of my grandkids, are blind to geopolitics, and I used to
               | think this is just naivety; I'm starting to doubt that
               | considering the extent of FSB's and GRU's influence.
        
               | recuter wrote:
               | Yes.
        
               | archerx wrote:
               | >'and with that we "the people" are as stupid as the
               | green party, right?'
               | 
               | Yes.
        
               | nix23 wrote:
               | But we can import it from france and we have hydro, why
               | even care about the nuclear-waste and all the negative
               | sides of it.
               | 
               | https://www.swissinfo.ch/eng/swiss-get-75--of-power-from-
               | ren...
        
               | archerx wrote:
               | Why should we be dependent on France? Nuclear waste is a
               | boogie man to scare hippies at night, almost 96% of fuel
               | rods can be recycled and fuel rods have a life cycle of
               | 5-10 years while not needing that many to run a reactor.
               | We could be researching and investing in modern nuclear
               | tech that solve these problems until fusion is viable.
               | Also with petrol there was a lot of waste but we learned
               | to process it and turn it into a valuable resource, maybe
               | the same could happen for nuclear.
               | 
               | Hydro while interesting it is awful for the environment.
        
               | nix23 wrote:
               | >Why should we be dependent on France?
               | 
               | Because Switzerland is dependent on like everything? The
               | same could be said about steel, food, chips, chemicals,
               | minerals, fertilizer, oils, gas...just about everything,
               | yes we produce stuff but nearly nothing from the ground
               | up, with the exception of Alp-Cheese and Buendnerfleisch
               | ;)
               | 
               | >Hydro while interesting it is awful for the environment.
               | 
               | Switzerland then must have terrible environmental
               | problems.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energy_in_Switzerland
               | 
               | high share of hydroelectricity (59.6%)
        
               | recuter wrote:
               | Nuclear Power - Bad from inside Switzerland, Okie Dokie
               | from France.
               | 
               | Their reactor in Bugey is like 200km from the one you're
               | shutting down early.
               | 
               | Man.. it would sure be funny if France elected some
               | eccentric far right character for additional excitement.
        
               | nix23 wrote:
               | >Okie Dokie for France.
               | 
               | Yes why not? They take the risk, we pay them for.
               | 
               | >eccentric far right character for additional excitement.
               | 
               | Is the far right not happy making money?
        
               | recuter wrote:
               | Your plan is to sit in the dark while the radiation
               | drifts across the imaginary line that is your border?
               | Well, at least you're honest. Here I thought we were
               | concerned about going green and the planet and such.
               | 
               | > Is the far right not happy making money?
               | 
               | You know Mr Putin could have just stayed on the throne
               | collecting hundreds of billions a year doing nothing.
               | Nord Stream 2 was weeks away from being flipped on, this
               | was boom times for Russia.
        
               | nix23 wrote:
               | >Your plan is to sit in the dark while the radiation
               | drifts across the imaginary line that is your border?
               | 
               | You know how small Switzerland is? One accident and whole
               | Switzerland could be polluted at once.
               | 
               | >You know Mr Putin could have just stayed
               | 
               | Not sure how that has anything todo with a far right
               | french politician.
               | 
               | >Nord Stream 2 was weeks away from being flipped on
               | 
               | And would have been probably flipped off, after what
               | happened.
        
               | recuter wrote:
               | > You know how small Switzerland is? One accident and
               | whole Switzerland could be polluted at once.
               | 
               | Well precisely. And Bugey is so close might as well be in
               | Switzerland, heh. Atoms don't know about our imaginary
               | lines.
               | 
               | > And would have been probably flipped off, after what
               | happened.
               | 
               | I'm saying instead of collecting riches he opted to
               | invade. It is a bummer but sometimes people are not
               | rational actors, even in Europe it turns out.
               | 
               | > Not sure how that has anything todo with a far right
               | french politician.
               | 
               | Generally far right movements have an affinity with
               | Russia/Putin. You don't need to believe some unproven (or
               | in some cases proven) theory about them being bankrolled
               | by him.
               | 
               | Le Pen happens to have known ties but you can disregard
               | this completely if you prefer. What I think you would
               | find very interesting and somewhat alarming is the
               | attitudes and political winds currently blowing even in
               | your civilized neighbor France. Ask a French person first
               | hand to lay it out.
               | 
               | It is relevant to your interests, especially now that you
               | depend on them for energy. I know, fortress Switzerland,
               | not used to this, but it is an important lesson to learn
               | right now. Please don't repeat the mistakes of Germans.
        
               | nix23 wrote:
               | >Atoms don't know about our imaginary lines.
               | 
               | 200km less...that's massive for Switzerland
               | 
               | >Generally far right movements have an affinity with
               | Russia/Putin.
               | 
               | Sorry but that's just a wannabe attempt...let's stop
               | here, not worth my time, for example in Germany it was
               | the left.
        
             | throwaway4aday wrote:
             | You're not wrong but I don't think they're the only
             | backers. The anti-nuke movement is a rat's nest of perverse
             | influences.
        
             | vimy wrote:
             | Gazprom funds green NGOs in Europe. The dogmatic anti-
             | nuclear energy minister in Belgium has ties to Gazprom.
             | Europe gets 40 % of their gas from Russia. In the 90s most
             | of the gas came from Europe itself until all those wells
             | shut down under Green pressure.
        
             | pilsetnieks wrote:
             | Not just some petrol companies, by Gazprom itself:
             | https://www.transparency.org/en/press/germany-state-
             | governme...
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | That's not a green group, it's just a front for Gazprom.
               | 
               | Just like the fake "Whale conservation" group fighting
               | wind power off Nantucket is a front.
               | 
               | If you want to criticize something as large as the
               | Environmental movement, and you can't even find one real
               | example to cite then maybe that means something.
               | 
               | If you can't criticize them, don't bring up people that
               | are larping as them for their own ends.
        
               | pilsetnieks wrote:
               | But that is entirely the point - the environmentalists as
               | a whole are not the problem, the problem is the groups
               | that usurp the mantle and push for policy contrary to the
               | wider group's agenda. I'm not criticizing people who
               | fight against pollution, animal cruelty, and fossil fuel
               | abuse; I'm criticizing people pretending to be
               | environmentalists yet lobbying for fossil fuel increase
               | and dismantling cleaner alternatives.
        
             | fsflover wrote:
             | https://thebreakthrough.org/blog/the-true-face-of-the-
             | anti-n...
        
             | dxuh wrote:
             | Even though it's very often stupidity instead of evilness,
             | I really think that they are not stupid. They started as a
             | pacifist party and now they passed the largest defence
             | budget since WW2. You don't do that by accident. I think
             | most of what they represent is just a fashionable front.
        
             | ohgodplsno wrote:
             | For Germany as a whole I cannot speak, but it is an
             | extremely common thing, yes, whether they know it or not.
             | 
             | * Greenpeace Germany has a gas division. They've now split
             | it off and officially only own 5 shares (while being
             | headquartered in the exact same building, by the exact same
             | Greenpeace members):
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_Planet_Energy
             | 
             | * Companies like Total have made use of their enormous war
             | chest to take control of multiple organisations that push
             | wind & solar power (https://www.theguardian.com/environment
             | /2015/jan/22/fossil-f...), knowing full well it cannot
             | cover all of our energy needs and knowing they will be here
             | to sell natural gas, continuing the use of fossil fuels.
             | 
             | * Anti nuclear organizations are very often bankrolled by
             | large oil lobbies (https://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverst
             | ein/2016/07/13/are-f...,
             | https://environmentalprogress.org/the-war-on-nuclear), once
             | again, pushing to get nuclear replaced with natural gas.
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | I've bought gas from various "green" energy suppliers
               | over the years. Generally, they need to offer it for
               | people that need both, even if their main aim is
               | expanding solar or wind power.
               | 
               | Some, like this example, go a little further and try to
               | mix in hydrogen or biogas to reduce carbon output, or
               | offset the carbon in some way, but even when they didn't,
               | it was still greener than the alternatives on the market
               | and a profitable business advancing their professed
               | agenda.
               | 
               | I wish nuclear fans would apply their ridiculously high
               | standards for what they consider green energy to nuclear
               | as well rather than just sabotage any attempt at
               | advancing renewable energy with snide gotcha arguments.
        
               | ohgodplsno wrote:
               | Don't get me wrong: I am all for the presence of
               | renewables in our energy mix. Solar at the individual
               | house level is a great option, and making use of it in
               | other spaces that are currently useless would be great.
               | (Lining the top of parking lots to provide shade and
               | electricity is a great option). Wind turbines are a bit
               | more debatable, but as it stands, still provides a good
               | option for some intermittent but good enough power.
               | 
               | But know that your mindless antinuclearism is going to be
               | our downfall. Our only options for baseload generation as
               | it stands are nuclear and gas. And by protesting nuclear,
               | you are giving oil companies a large avenue to keep
               | fucking us all over. Rejecting nuclear at all costs right
               | now in an attempt to get some renewable only future is
               | madness. It is only leading us further down the hole of
               | global warming. The only sabotage happening here is
               | organisations like greenpeace literally committing acts
               | of terrorism against nuclear plants. No-one wants to go
               | nuclear+gas.
               | 
               | Your mention of hydrogen makes you even more of a useful
               | idiot for oil companies. Hydrogen does NOT work. We get
               | 27% efficiency when it comes to storing it and using it
               | as power. P2G2P is 50% at best. And while STEPs are a
               | great solution for storage, we've used most of it. Unless
               | you're looking to drown Bavaria to make a big lake.
               | 
               | Build a ton of nuclear plants. Move as many countries as
               | possible away from gas and coal. Once that's done, I'm
               | more than happy for all of us to think of alternatives
               | for nuclear.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | tmalsburg2 wrote:
         | Where "energy independence" means that Germany becomes
         | dependent on much more expensive LGN from the US. This may
         | still be better than what Germany has now but it's not
         | independence.
        
           | zirror wrote:
           | It's a step in the right direction, isn't it? LNG can also be
           | imported from other countries and, in the long run, gas
           | dependence should be massively reduced once gas-powered
           | heating is replaced by electronic heading via heat pumps or
           | something like that.
        
         | belorn wrote:
         | Start? They have been spending ~$30 billions a year on green
         | energy subsidies for the last 20 years, and a little less than
         | double that for the total energy subsidies. It should be well
         | over a trillion dollars in tax money going into the energy
         | sector this century, which is by far more than any other
         | country in EU.
         | 
         | The energy sector get almost as much subsidies as the total
         | funding of the Germany military, 1.5% vs 2% of BNP.
         | 
         | It would be interesting to know how much more tax money is
         | needed for an independent and environmentally friendly energy
         | grid if they just continue as they done in the past.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | le-mark wrote:
       | > Germany is now in the "early warning phase" of its energy
       | emergency plan,
       | 
       | I'm not sure what the levels are, seems like they'd be at a
       | higher level since the flows could stop at literally any time
       | since they refused Putin's decree to pay in rubles.
        
         | actinium226 wrote:
         | No, Putin backed down on that one. It's not over yet but Russia
         | doesn't want to turn the taps off by itself. It needs the money
         | too badly (what do you think is propping up the Ruble) and also
         | they need some deniability, some excuse, because if they turn
         | it off unilaterally, it's hard to see it coming back on, at
         | least not under the same circumstances
        
           | saiya-jin wrote:
           | I am _so_ pissed off on russians and putin for all this, I
           | wouldn 't care if they turned this off immediately. Europe
           | will handle the shock, few rough months, at least heating
           | season is finishing fast it won't affect civilians.
           | 
           | I know it would be probably very hard for businesses
           | dependent on LNG but we need to move from russian gas fast,
           | not have 10 year plan that will take 30 in reality.
           | 
           | Every euro/USD paid will be mostly siphoned to re-building
           | dictator's army. As much as they fucked up and still are
           | fucking up now in Ukraine, next russian invasion may be much
           | better executed. Let's not pay with our money for it, since
           | his ultimate ambitions cover as much Europe as he will be
           | allowed to grab and subjugate.
        
       | Medowar wrote:
       | More Background, why this is in fact important: Gazprom Germania
       | is also a critical part of the german Gas-Market, because it owns
       | the largest gas-Storage with 1/5 of total capacity in Germany,
       | major Gas Pipelines and Platforms for trading the ressource. This
       | is both through Sub-companies Wingas and Astora.
       | 
       | It also has contracts with Gazprom in Russia with guaranteed
       | Prices and Deliveries.
        
         | maratc wrote:
         | > It also has contracts with Gazprom in Russia with guaranteed
         | Prices and Deliveries.
         | 
         | Is anyone under an illusion that Gazprom in Russia will honor
         | these contracts, now that their branch was seized? And if not,
         | what methods are there to enforce these contracts?
         | 
         | The Russians seized the planes, which can fly but need spares
         | and checks. The Germans seized the pipelines and the storage.
         | Both have some utility in the interim, but both are ultimately
         | useless.
        
           | zmgsabst wrote:
           | "We seized your property under exigent circumstances, but you
           | better honor your contracts rather than cancel them under
           | exigent circumstances!"
           | 
           | - NATO, apparently delusional
           | 
           | The idea people will "honor" contracts while you're
           | (illegally) seizing their property in effort to enact an
           | economic siege of their nation is mental illness -- either
           | delusions or megalomania. That strategy doesn't make sense.
           | 
           | I'm personally sad to see how deluded US and EU leaders are.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _while you're (illegally) seizing their property_
             | 
             | This is nonsense. Gazprom Germania attempted an illegal
             | transfer of ownership. From what I can tell, Germany isn't
             | appropriating anything. It's just seizing control in a
             | regulatory measure.
        
             | maratc wrote:
             | NATO has nothing to do with buying or selling gas.
        
             | op00to wrote:
             | I'm sorry, what did NATO seize again? It was Germany.
             | Germany is not NATO. If you're going to participate in the
             | discussion, at least keep your actors straight.
        
             | kadoban wrote:
             | Okay, then Russia can keep their gas and have even lower
             | income of cash (which they need to pay debts, by the way).
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | neilwilson wrote:
               | Why do they need to 'pay debts'?
               | 
               | Russia has just had its foreign reserves frozen. Those
               | are debts too, which the West has repudiated. Why
               | shouldn't Russia do the same in reverse?
               | 
               | Countries export solely to gain imports if they have any
               | sense. If there are no imports to be had - due to
               | sanctions - then there is no need to export. Far better,
               | from Russia's point of view, that the oil is left in the
               | ground, and the workers redeployed elsewhere. To the war
               | effort for example.
        
               | yywwbbn wrote:
               | If those workers are fine with a substantial fail in
               | their QoL. It's gonna be most painful for the oligarchs
               | and people in their environment who are used to consuming
               | massive amounts of foreign goods.
               | 
               | Btw even the USSR which was generally much more autarkic
               | couldn't survive without foreign currency for energy
               | exports. What makes you think modern Russia could? Also
               | it was illegal for workers to leave Russia back then,
               | unlike now (so assuming there are countries willing to
               | accept them they might be more likely to choose that over
               | 'being redirected to work in the war industry'.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | kadoban wrote:
               | They _want_ to pay their debts, to preserve better
               | borrowing terms in the future and to not look bad. If you
               | research at all you'll see that they're actively trying
               | to pay their debts to avoid default.
        
               | maratc wrote:
               | > then Russia can keep their gas
               | 
               | I guess the answer to that would be "and Germany can keep
               | their cash and maybe have to burn it to heat homes or
               | generate electricity"?
               | 
               | The war we're seeing (the economic war) is a point of
               | mini-singularity, where a lot of we know to be true about
               | the world is invalid. Such as an assumption that a state
               | having debts will actually pay them.
        
               | kadoban wrote:
               | Except they're actively trying to pay them, so apparently
               | it is true.
        
           | dathinab wrote:
           | > Is anyone under an illusion that Gazprom in Russia will
           | honor these contracts, now that their branch was seized?
           | 
           | In this case because both parties need it (for now) even
           | through currently neither of them wants it. (Russia needs the
           | money, Germany the Gas, if Russia could afford it they would
           | already have cut of Gas to destabilize Germany. If Germany
           | could afford it they would already have cut payments to force
           | Russia to stop the war.)
           | 
           | Also I think some people misunderstand what sizing means in
           | this context it doesn't mean "hey this is now ours" but is
           | much more subtle and complex, and most important temporary by
           | nature.
        
         | throwaway4good wrote:
         | Exactly what is left of value in this company; except some
         | payrolls, offices, and some contracts which are void anyway?
        
           | ptero wrote:
           | Pipelines (which I would not underestimate) and storage?
        
             | throwaway4good wrote:
             | Great pipelines; only problem is that they go to Russia ...
        
               | ptero wrote:
               | That is a disadvantage, but pipelines are very valuable.
               | For example, Russia would love to sell gas to China,
               | which would love to buy it, but pipelines take a heck of
               | a long time to build. And regional, lower volume
               | pipelines can be a nightmare to build.
        
             | OrvalWintermute wrote:
             | the storage and the pipes are the most valuable thing,
             | since gas is just a commodity.
             | 
             | Add another supplier, load it up, use pre-existing storage
             | and distribution, Gazprom replaced.
             | 
             | This is also why this is so dangerous from a legal
             | perspective. Gazprom probably spent a great deal building
             | this network and storage. Only to have it seized....
        
           | pfortuny wrote:
           | the stored gas and the storage facilities, I gather.
        
             | ls15 wrote:
             | To me it seems that actually the reason for the seizure was
             | that Gazprom did not store enough gas, while they have the
             | biggest capacity:
             | 
             | > In Germany, a third of gas storage belongs to Russia's
             | Gazprom (GAZP.MM), whose facilities in Germany had lower
             | levels of stored gas this winter than those operated by
             | other companies.
             | 
             | https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/germany-approves-
             | law...
        
           | SnowHill9902 wrote:
           | It's a hostage for a future prisoner exchange.
        
             | gumby wrote:
             | A plausible scenario but probably won't happen in this
             | case, Could be more like overseas subsidiaries of Bayer,
             | seized by various allied countries in WWI and only reunited
             | in 1994.
             | 
             | The reparations bill (both during and after the war) will
             | be high and I assume various assets, including foreign
             | currency reserves, will end up going to fund the
             | reconstruction of Ukraine.
        
       | yrgulation wrote:
       | Despite germany's strong dislike for east europeans I am glad to
       | see they are taking measures to help their allies. This is a
       | positive move in the right direction, I hope we figure a way to
       | help germany solve it's dependency of russia in due time, as
       | indeed their economy needs protection.
        
         | dotancohen wrote:
         | And what of the rest of the Western world's dependency on
         | Middle Eastern oil? That was already weaponized in 1973 yet
         | nobody seems to have learned from it.
        
           | recuter wrote:
           | Let them drink Pepsi.
        
         | belorn wrote:
         | Why is protecting the economy more important than stopping the
         | funding of the Russian army and their military invasion?
        
           | zirror wrote:
           | Even if we stop paying for gas and oil right now, that won't
           | stop the Russian invasion. They have massive currency
           | reserves, are relatively self sufficient etc.
           | 
           | Whereas if we do not receive gas anymore, it would wreck our
           | own economies, which would lead to massive unemployment,
           | social unrest and maybe going to the political extremes in
           | the long run.
           | 
           | It would basically be European suicide. We need to be strong
           | to help Ukraine.
           | 
           | That being said, the day we can stop paying for Russian gas
           | is the day we will truly be free. Germany's liberatarian
           | finance minster called renewables "freedom energy" and that
           | could not be truer IMO.
        
           | ivan_gammel wrote:
           | There's a false assumption that stopping oil and gas imports
           | will somehow stop the invasion and funding of Russian army.
           | It will not, so it's better to focus on more practical and
           | sustainable steps.
        
             | belorn wrote:
             | During the war with IS there were constantly talk about how
             | funding terrorism goes directly into funding the wars, be
             | that people who directly gave them money or people who
             | bought their drugs. I also often see the police say things
             | like "don't buy things from criminals, it directly fund
             | more criminal activities". We have international agreements
             | against blood diamonds and conflict resource, all focusing
             | on eliminating the finance of those conducing wars. It
             | seems that in every possible way where people are funding
             | war and conflict, the message has been in the past 20-50
             | years that this is actually a problem that need to
             | addressed. While cutting the funding doesn't imminently
             | stop conflicts, or prevent terrorists from making home made
             | bombs, giving them money does prolong conflicts and gives
             | the warring faction more options to continue doing horrible
             | acts of violence. Cutting the money flow also provide
             | pressure on the targeted population to stop their leaders
             | and forcing them to the peace table.
        
               | ivan_gammel wrote:
               | This is just a theory that does not take into account the
               | circumstances of the Russian invasion. In the long term,
               | it does make sense to stop importing oil and gas from
               | Russia to prevent the future aggression, because it will
               | indeed weaken the regime. In the short term, if EU stops
               | buying oil and gas immediately, Russia still has: 1)
               | possibility to export to China and other non-aligned
               | markets (many countries which abstained in UN vote, are
               | the client states which will not support the embargo). 2)
               | enough resources to continue funding military procurement
               | for many months 3) semi-autonomous economy that will
               | survive even total trade embargo with the West, albeit on
               | a lower technology level
               | 
               | The effects of oil and gas embargo will be felt by
               | Russian population earliest by the end of summer,
               | effectively being a punishment rather than a deterrent.
               | We should aim to end the war long before that and stop
               | talking about this and other populist but unrealistic
               | ideas like no-fly zone.
        
               | belorn wrote:
               | I am not convinced. It still mean people will have blood
               | on their hands when they knowingly are providing the
               | funds for a war. It is a very dangerous bet to hope that
               | the Russians won't have enough time to use the money,
               | that peace will arrive before that funds reaches the
               | military operations. People should aim to end the war
               | before this summer, but what if it doesn't happen? That
               | gas, oil and coal are means for missiles and hired
               | mercenaries. How happy should German citizen be if
               | journalists later traces the money from a fossil fuel
               | transaction to weapons used in a war crime where citizens
               | were tortured and killed?
               | 
               | In the short term we are seeing employees at European
               | harbors and other places being put to the moral dilemma
               | of either refusing to work or continuing working with
               | Russian transports, knowing that they are working
               | directly with the economic side of the Russian military
               | branch. Many do not want to have to look in the mirror in
               | a few months, knowing what they did, knowing what they
               | knew, feeling like they have blood on their hands. Saving
               | jobs and saving the economy is a poor comfort when on the
               | news they see ordinary citizens laying on the street with
               | a bullet in the head.
               | 
               | Every nation hope that wars will end in just a few days,
               | weeks or months. Blitzkrieg. It will be over by the
               | weekend. The Russian thought so when they entered Ukraine
               | and they were wrong. It a nice aim to hope that the war
               | will be long gone before the summer, but realistic there
               | is a high risk that it won't. The assumption when funding
               | war should be that the war isn't going to end.
        
               | ivan_gammel wrote:
               | >That gas, oil and coal are means for missiles and hired
               | mercenaries.
               | 
               | Russia is not a banana republic where you could possibly
               | find the direct link between the export revenues and
               | military expenses. This is not how Russian economy works,
               | the picture is much more complicated.
               | 
               | First of all, the revenue from oil and gas sales is
               | collected in foreign currency. Russian budget receives
               | the money in taxes paid by exporters, but these money
               | must be converted first to rouble. The conversion rate
               | can be regulated by the central bank through purchases
               | and sales of the currency and they of course can print
               | money when necessary. This means that this currency
               | actually never reaches the recipients of the budget money
               | and exchange rate can be adjusted to serve the needs of
               | the economy.
               | 
               | Second, Russia produces nearly all of its military
               | equipment and pays for it in rouble. There's almost no
               | mercenaries in this conflict, it is mostly regular army,
               | which also receives their salaries in rouble. They have
               | very low exposure to external economic shocks and if
               | necessary can switch to the war economy mode at the cost
               | of the rest of Russian population.
               | 
               | Now, what happens if Russia stops exporting oil and gas
               | to Europe? Just in the last year Russia collected 50%
               | more money than it planned in the annual budget. The
               | extra money are usually deposited in the Reserve Fund and
               | National Wealth Fund and re-invested, but they can be
               | used in crisis times. Basically, just in the last year
               | Russia collected enough money to survive 6 months of oil
               | and gas trade embargo (and this is 150% of its military
               | budget). Let's say, some of these money are frozen on
               | European and American bank accounts and cannot actually
               | be used except for servicing the debt. Still plenty of
               | these savings are still accessible. Besides that, Russian
               | central bank can still print money to fund the war. This
               | may result in even higher inflation, but the economic
               | bloc of Russian government is extremely competent and can
               | mitigate the impact on the population.
               | 
               | Ordinary Russian people will inevitably notice the
               | economic downturn, but their mentality is the mentality
               | of survival and mobilization, plus the state propaganda
               | can justify the means very convincingly and repressive
               | apparatus can silence those who disagree. We are talking
               | about many years of attrition until the economic
               | situation becomes untolerable. No sanctions in the world
               | will force Russian people to overthrow the government in
               | the next year or two, just like they did not work for
               | North Korea, Venezuela or Iran.
        
               | belorn wrote:
               | > Russian budget receives the money in taxes paid by
               | exporters
               | 
               | That is incorrect. The oil and gas companies is owned by
               | a few oligarchies with direct ties to Putin and the
               | Russian government. Based on what secret service and
               | other agencies has leaked, there isn't a major difference
               | between what is the Russian government, what is
               | controlled by Putin, and what is owned by the owners of
               | the oligarchies. To a degree they operate just like a
               | banana republic in this aspect, although a better
               | comparison is likely state owned Chinese companies that
               | get funded, instructed, operated by government personal,
               | given benefits by their secret service, and with party
               | representatives being directly involved in the leader
               | structure and ownership.
               | 
               | And it may indeed take years before the sanctions
               | actually hurt enough for the Russian government to start
               | move to the peace table. American war in Afghanistan took
               | 20 years. Iraq started in 2003 and ended in fully in
               | 2021. Their war in Pakistan took 14 years. Yemen is still
               | ongoing, same in Somalia, and Syria.
               | 
               | 6 months would be comparable short, and it is not out of
               | the question that it may take many years. The more funds
               | they get the easier they have in continuing operations.
               | And while Russia produces nearly all of its military
               | equipment, just like the US does, both require a lot of
               | imports to actually do the production. Military equipment
               | require a lot of electronics, much which isn't produced
               | in Russia. Machines, vehicles, technology and tools all
               | depend on international supply chains, and the more
               | isolated the nation is the harder and more money they
               | need to spend on maintaining those critical imports. All
               | while the nations population suffer from the economic
               | downturn. At some point reserves gets low and that is
               | when peace is best pursuit.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | zirror wrote:
         | German here: We don't dislike eastern europeans at all, at
         | least not on any society wide level. Of course, there are
         | exceptions. We do dislike backslides into authoritarianism in
         | governance, like in Hungary (who's Victor Orban declared
         | 'illiberal democracy' [1]).
         | 
         | 1: https://verfassungsblog.de/illiberal-democracy-beyond-
         | hungar...
        
           | yrgulation wrote:
           | Romanian ethnic here. There is no place in germany I can walk
           | safely without feeling that if they hear me speak romanian I
           | won't be verbally abused or looked down upon. Naturally there
           | are exceptions, and there are many romanians in germany, but
           | all of those I spoke with told me that at some point in time
           | they have been racially profiled or outright abused. Their
           | skill ranges from medical PhD, scientists, software
           | developers, or workers, so status is not a factor.
           | Furthermore there have been cases where hotels and resorts
           | were asked to report all romanians to the police because
           | apparently some dudes did some petty crime previous years and
           | as such they had to "keep and eye on all" - and all was
           | according to the german law. In Romania any time the
           | government tries to raise the minimum wage, the german
           | chamber of commerce tries to block it. All the while
           | american, or british companies, have no issue paying a very
           | decent salary - up to point where tech pay is rather high.
           | Again, all those I spoke with told me that german and
           | austrian companies outright insulted them with their pay
           | offer because "romania is cheap". Again, there are exceptions
           | to all this - see liverail, a partnership between german and
           | romanian business people that was sold for 500mil to
           | facebook. There are success stories, but much more horrible
           | stories.
           | 
           | It goes well beyond politics, as you can see.
        
         | egeozcan wrote:
         | > germany's strong dislike for east europeans
         | 
         | I'm from as Eastern Europe as it gets (European side of
         | Istanbul) and people seem to like me here. Why do you think
         | that they dislike East Europeans?
         | 
         | I mean, Germans don't seem to like the current government of
         | the country where I'm from, but for good reasons and I
         | certainly share their dislike!
        
         | neuronic wrote:
         | > Despite germany's strong dislike for east europeans
         | 
         | It's news to me that we strongly dislike Eastern Europeans?!
         | 
         | Some folks definitely do, especially in logistics or people who
         | live close to the border, mostly due to economic frustration
         | regarding lost jobs and some amount of crime coming from
         | Eastern Europe but Germany as a whole doesn't dislike Eastern
         | Europe...
        
       | throwaway4good wrote:
       | I hope I one day get to visit a Russian nationalized McDonalds;
       | just to fully grasp what deglobalization means ...
        
         | sdfgdf wrote:
        
         | jmnicolas wrote:
         | > just to fully grasp what deglobalization means
         | 
         | Deglobalization means you can't travel to Russia ;)
        
           | trasz wrote:
           | Sure you can, it's just limited - like with North Korea.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | I hope they get rid of the clown.
        
           | cushychicken wrote:
           | And that terrifying living purple beanbag creature.
        
             | noworld wrote:
             | France?
        
               | cushychicken wrote:
               | Grimace.
        
           | JoeyBananas wrote:
           | Putin?
        
           | johannes1234321 wrote:
           | Not sure "they" refers to "McDonald's" or whether it refers
           | to some country and the "clown" leading the government.
           | 
           | In case it refers to McDonald's: They already did.
           | https://www.mashed.com/202684/the-real-reason-mcdonalds-
           | got-...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | otabdeveloper4 wrote:
         | It has been nationalized since 2014 in places like Crimea.
         | 
         | (Not sure if Americans can visit the place. There are downsides
         | to deglobalization too...)
        
         | Etherlord87 wrote:
         | Currently it's probably the same stuff as the original
         | McDonalds. Eventually the quality will deteriorate due to lack
         | of supervision - unless Russians will do an equal job in
         | supervising, which I doubt.
        
           | throwaway4good wrote:
           | They could send spies into the American McDonalds ...
        
           | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
           | _> Eventually the quality will deteriorate_
           | 
           | What quality? Even in Austria, at some really busy McD's I've
           | been to like the train station or airport, their finished
           | burgers looked nothing like the ones in the menu.
           | 
           | Often they had components like the cheese, lettuce and sauces
           | missing and I got just a dry paddy between two barren pieces
           | of bread as a burger lol. It was uneatable so I had to throw
           | it away and buy a sandwich from the SPAR next door which has
           | much better quality.
           | 
           | The McD's I've had in NY weren't much better either.
           | 
           | OTOH, McCafe's in Europe (the separate establishment, not to
           | be confused with the coffee you can get from McD's) are
           | amazing, coffee is always great, on par with even fancy
           | hipster cafes and their pastry and cakes aren't bad either.
        
             | lordnacho wrote:
             | > looked nothing like the ones in the pictures
             | 
             | This is surely too high a standard!
             | 
             | Did Coke ever give you the satisfaction of the people in
             | the Christmas adverts?
             | 
             | Did you get girls after you bought Lynx?
             | 
             | Did you score more goals with those Predators?
        
               | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
               | Sure, not looking exactly like the menu/ads is one thing,
               | that's just marketing for you, but being served a patty
               | in a bare bread bun, missing the cheese, lettuce and
               | other parts of the product you ordered, is an outright
               | scam in legal terms if we're being pedantic.
               | 
               | Sure, I get it, having underpaid and overworked people
               | making your food is not a recipe for a great experience,
               | but ultimately I paid in full, the company got their
               | money and I didn't get the product I ordered, which is
               | why I jusy stopped eating there, since I don't like being
               | _" THAT GUY"_ who ask for "the manager" in order to
               | complain about overworked people on minimum wage that
               | they got his order wrong and they need to redo the order
               | while 10 more customers are waiting in line.
        
               | BenjiWiebe wrote:
               | I've had a lot of fast food burgers in the US but never
               | have I had a bare patty in a bun, unless I specifically
               | asked for it a time or two as a child.
        
               | Karunamon wrote:
               | What likely happened in this case is they gave GP a
               | burger intended for someone who ordered it 'plain'. The
               | slips McDonalds uses to attach special order tags to the
               | sandwich wrappers are prone to falling off or being
               | overlooked.
        
               | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
               | N'ah, the employees were just overworked so made mistakes
               | or cut corners. The amount of customers that come at an
               | airport or a train station at rush hour is insane.
               | Mistakes happen, or some employees cut corners to save
               | time, knowing that the customers won't have time to
               | notice the mistake and complain about it, since they have
               | a train/flight to catch.
        
               | idleproc wrote:
               | Lynx kept the defenders away so I scored more goals, and
               | the Predators made me look like Beckham...
        
           | PinguTS wrote:
           | This depends on how much has been sourced locally before and
           | how much has been sourced from the US.
           | 
           | Like buns and meat and so could be sourced locally. But spice
           | (mixtures) may have been imported and the mixture recipe is
           | locally unknown.
        
             | throwaway48375 wrote:
             | It can't be that hard to reverse engineer a spice mixture
             | in 2022.
        
               | ivan_gammel wrote:
               | It is not even necessary, since local tastes are
               | different and you need to adapt the recipe.
        
               | johannes1234321 wrote:
               | As we're not talking about small cuts of leaves but some
               | highly industrialized component it is not so easy as
               | counting leaves and mixing them together. You can
               | certainly analyse the flavors, but that won't tell you
               | much on the production process for creating this with all
               | the artificial components.
               | 
               | However that could creates some creativity in place and
               | create similar, but different (better? Worse? Who knows)
               | products.
               | 
               | Compare this to Coca Cola in Germany during WW2. Due to
               | the embargos they couldn't deliver the "secret syrup" so
               | Coca Cola Germany used some "fantasy" and created (the
               | predecessor of) Fanta, which nowadays is a brand of Coca
               | Cola served in multiple countries (with differeing
               | recipes)
        
               | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
               | Why would you even want to copy Coca-Cola's "super secret
               | syrup" when we already have in Europe several local Cola
               | drinks that are better, and sometimes even healthier?
               | 
               | Fanta is now nothing special either, just a sugary fizzy
               | drink with orange flavoring that can be done better by
               | other local companies.
               | 
               | Coca Cola is just a branding and marketing juggernaut at
               | this point, but their drinks themselves are easily
               | replaceable by better local alternatives at any time.
               | 
               | Come to think of it, banning Coca-Cola could actually be
               | a health benefit for the population lol.
               | 
               | I remember that in Mexico there are poor villages
               | addicted to Coca-Cola where the company uses local water
               | to make the drinks and the villagers have no access to
               | clean tap water and have obesity and diabetes from all
               | the coke they drink, and all is sponsored buy the Coca-
               | Cola and their lobbying. Absolutely disgusting.
        
               | johannes1234321 wrote:
               | That's orthogonal to the discussion. Fact is that local
               | branches can survive with some form of pivot if their
               | owner can deliver a core component for the product.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | throwaway48375 wrote:
               | So we don't have the technology to analyze chemical
               | components of things? I still find that hard to believe.
        
               | johannes1234321 wrote:
               | You can analyze components, but that doesn't give you a
               | process to recreate in scale. Many aromas and stuff are
               | remainders of some Enzym processing things or some
               | chemical reaction where the initial ingredient is
               | dissolved.
               | 
               | I myself spend some time in bread and a part of the taste
               | of bread comes from my bacteria/yeast culture growing
               | here at my place, feeding of stuff which is in the air at
               | my place. If i go elsewhere that already changes to a
               | small degree. If I vary temperature, humidity of air ...
               | this has impact. On industrial scale the impacts are way
               | more as they use processes to ensure the end product
               | stays as much the same as possible independently from
               | changes to ingredients (natural products change with each
               | harvest ...) and where it is processed further (a Big Mac
               | is, by McD, supposed to be as equal lgibally as possible)
               | this is done by having Enzyms, chemicals and other
               | comments doing their work.
        
               | throwaway48375 wrote:
               | Yes I agree living things like bacteria/yeast cultures
               | are hard to get right. In regards to your previous
               | example you can get the blend of leaves right, but if the
               | plants aren't genetically identical or even aren't grown
               | in the exact same climate the end product may taste very
               | different. When it comes to completely artificial
               | flavorings though it would seem to me that it would be
               | much simpler. For example isoamyl acetate is isoamyl
               | acetate regardless of where or how it is produced.
        
           | mhermher wrote:
           | Why do you doubt it?
        
           | ivan_gammel wrote:
           | Russians are actually good at building restaurant business.
           | It is one of the most competitive and difficult businesses
           | there, so only the smartest survive. I'd rather go to
           | Starbucks or McDonalds in Moscow than anywhere else in Europe
           | (I'd prefer though a local chain). One of the fastfood chains
           | even applied kaizen in their operations including kitchen.
           | 
           | The biggest problem will be the quality of supplies, as
           | sanctions will damage the supply chain.
        
           | DebtDeflation wrote:
           | I hear the Polonium McFlurries are to die for, but the
           | machine is usually broken.
        
         | marbu wrote:
         | But I guess that one aspect of this deglobalization trend is
         | that you won't be able to travel there in the first place until
         | the trend changes.
        
       | durnygbur wrote:
       | So they finally can fire Schroder... oh he is in Rosneft already
       | what a bummer.
        
       | fnma wrote:
        
         | ibmfud wrote:
         | Did you forget one coalition partner?
        
         | sokols wrote:
         | The sending of troops to Kosovo was done in accordance with
         | UNSCR 1244.
        
           | rgmarker wrote:
        
           | naoqj wrote:
        
             | sokols wrote:
             | Russia voted for the resolution as well.
        
               | naoqj wrote:
               | Ah well, if Russia says it then it's justified.
        
           | nairboon wrote:
           | And sending of troops is unconstitutional according to Art.
           | 26 of the German constitution...
        
         | Barrin92 wrote:
         | Is there some memory loss at work here? Because when Russia
         | marched straight into Crimea and started this war eight years
         | ago I distinctly remember Merkel being in office. We even
         | rewarded Putin with NS II for it.
        
         | actinium226 wrote:
         | I'm just wondering, what specific escalation policies are you
         | talking about?
        
           | MrRiddle wrote:
           | Pushing NATO expansion in Ukraine and arming them with hi-
           | tech weaponry.
        
             | actinium226 wrote:
             | What did Biden/Scholz do on this front? I did see earlier
             | that Merkel had opposed Ukraine in NATO, but I'm not
             | familiar with Scholz's policy on it, or Biden's.
        
             | ericmay wrote:
             | Ukraine wasn't armed with hi-tech weaponry until Russia
             | started invading in 2014 and then continued being a bad
             | actor which culminated in January/February 2022 delivery of
             | said weapons at the last second.
             | 
             | NATO expansion is a convenient excuse but fails for two
             | reasons:
             | 
             | 1. Baltics are closer to Moscow than Ukraine and right on
             | the border.
             | 
             | 2. It is widely acknowledged that the primary driver for
             | Putin is not NATO expansion but actually historical
             | "reasons" he has drummed up. His "histories" are titled
             | things like "On the Historical Unity of Russians and
             | Ukrainians", not "On the Historical Animosity of Russia and
             | NATO" for a reason.
        
               | ithkuil wrote:
               | this!
               | 
               | Yeah, this argument about the NATO threat is repeated ad
               | nauseam because it superficially sounds like a reasonable
               | justification: "they just had to defend themselves".
               | 
               | But even if that was true, Otto von Bismarck said it
               | well: "Preventive war is like committing suicide out of
               | fear of death".
               | 
               | Imagine an alternate universe where Ukraine joins EU and
               | NATO and now russia faces a NATO "wall" on the west. In
               | this alternate universe where Russia didn't initiate an
               | aggression, the public opinion of most european countries
               | is not particularly interested in military spending.
               | 
               | Compare that with this universe; the city I live in in
               | Italy is going to build a new military base and while
               | some people will certainly complain, the backlash won't
               | come close to a pre-war scenario. Now even the population
               | feel it that the rules have changed.
               | 
               | Effectively Putin has armed Europe to their teeth. What a
               | perfect 4D chess move to protect Russian safety.
               | 
               | And seriously, I yet have to understand what is the
               | threat that "NATO" would pose to Russia. What should they
               | be worried about? Are they afraid that one morning NATO
               | will invade Russia? What for? This part of the scenario
               | is so embarrassingly hand-wavy, seemingly imbued only of
               | reverberance of a distant past.
               | 
               | Or is it that Russia be afraid of Western values
               | infecting Russia? In that case, what difference does it
               | make how many neighbouring countries are NATO members?
               | You can just decide to make your laws and your policies
               | and live your life according to your chosen lifestyle (if
               | your citizens so wish)
               | 
               | Or is it perhaps that Russia used to be a super power and
               | now it isn't anymore. The greatness past now must live
               | again. Let's reclaim our destiny and all this bullshit.
               | This not how civilised nations should be run. This is
               | barbaric and should stop and sadly the only reason
               | humanity has to put up with it is the nuclear arsenal.
        
               | throwaway290 wrote:
               | > Imagine an alternate universe where Ukraine joins EU
               | and NATO and now russia faces a NATO "wall" on the west.
               | 
               | if nato were at russian border then russia would in some
               | ways be china's ukraine. possibly something they
               | preferred to avoid
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | > Are they afraid that one morning NATO will invade
               | Russia?
               | 
               | From everything I've heard thus far, Putin is afraid that
               | NATO will prevent him from reconstituting the USSR under
               | him.
        
               | saiya-jin wrote:
               | Well USSR is as dead as russian soldier somewhere in
               | muddy Ukraine. There were good reasons why it broke down,
               | and those reasons are still present. Its plain simple -
               | nobody sane, moral and free wants to be in pact with
               | russia. Who remains are dictators, bullies and murderers.
               | 
               | Thank god Trump didn't succeed in effectively disbanding
               | Nato. Imagine what Europe would look like now if that
               | happened (as Bolton mentioned in cca 2018).
        
               | flavius29663 wrote:
               | > Thank god Trump didn't succeed in effectively
               | disbanding Nato. Imagine what Europe would look like now
               | if that happened (as Bolton mentioned in cca 2018).
               | 
               | This take bothers me, it's a sound bite repeated at
               | nauseam with no backing what so ever. As a Romanian, I
               | kept a close watch on US politics in Eastern Europe.
               | Nothing that Trump did was pointing to disbanding NATO,
               | on the contrary, he increased the US presence in Eastern
               | Europe and was tougher on Putin than Obama was. Why do
               | you think Russia-haters Poland began to like the US so
               | much under Trump?
               | 
               | https://notesfrompoland.com/2020/01/12/poland-the-only-
               | europ...
               | 
               | I feel like this is like a propaganda take: he forced
               | countries to increase NATO spending, but somehow he
               | wanted to weaken NATO?
               | 
               | He wanted Germany and Europe off of Russian gas, even
               | blocking Nord Stream2 (upsetting the Germans), but
               | somehow he was working for Putin? Btw, Biden unblocked
               | NS2 in his first week in office, for no good reason.
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=M5MJEMHZZsI
        
               | ericmay wrote:
               | Truth is somewhere around here, I'm not sure where
               | exactly:
               | 
               | "Senior administration officials told The New York Times
               | that several times over the course of 2018, Mr. Trump
               | privately said he wanted to withdraw from the North
               | Atlantic Treaty Organization. Current and former
               | officials who support the alliance said they feared Mr.
               | Trump could return to his threat as allied military
               | spending continued to lag behind the goals the president
               | had set.
               | 
               | In the days around a tumultuous NATO summit meeting last
               | summer, they said, Mr. Trump told his top national
               | security officials that he did not see the point of the
               | military alliance, which he presented as a drain on the
               | United States"
               | 
               | I'd say ultimately whether this was some sort of good-
               | natured negotiating tactic with European allies or not,
               | Trump lost enough credibility that his motives are/were
               | seriously concerning and questionable. This didn't come
               | from nowhere.
               | 
               | > He wanted Germany and Europe off of Russian gas
               | 
               | Maybe but again I think the motives are questionable. Did
               | he want this because he spent years antagonizing Europe
               | and decided that it made sense for oil and natural gas
               | companies who donated to his campaign to get in on the
               | fun by selling American gas to Europe, or because he had
               | a genuine concern for geopolitical interests and saw how
               | Putin was acting? I'm sure you can understand that many
               | don't really trust Trump or his motivations to do
               | _anything_. For example, was he advocating for getting
               | Germany and Europe off of Russian gas and on to American
               | gas, or did he also advocate for nuclear power and
               | renewables (both, not just one of those)?
               | 
               | https://www.nytimes.com/2019/01/14/us/politics/nato-
               | presiden...
        
               | flavius29663 wrote:
               | That "tumultuous meeting last summer" was the one from
               | which I shared the youtube video?
               | 
               | That's how it got to the press: Trump is against NATO.
               | When you watch the video you see it's more about the US
               | is being upset that they pay for Europe's security while
               | Germany pumps billions into Russia's gas every year.
               | 
               | He was right. And btw, he was not the first US president
               | to try this (and they all failed).
               | 
               | But to base the whole "Trump wanted out of NATO" on some
               | leaks from unnamed aids, while all his actions and
               | policies were opposed to that, it just shows you want to
               | hate Trump no matter what.
               | 
               | He was in power for 4 years, he didn't do 1 step to
               | remove US from NATO, he made NATO stronger. He deployed
               | more troops and bases in Eastern Europe, and conducted
               | more exercises than ever before.
        
               | ericmay wrote:
               | Which _we_ know, but apparently Putin doesn 't. I think
               | in one of his writings or a public speaking engagement he
               | said "They're (Ukrainians) Russian even if they don't
               | know it".
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | I read an article recently--which I'm afraid I can't find
               | anymore--that posited that part of what's going on is
               | that Putin, and _some_ of the rest of Russia, has a
               | rather surprisingly expansive view of what it means to be
               | "Russian", combined with the belief that if one is, by
               | that definition, Russian, it is good and right to be part
               | of Mother Russia.
               | 
               | It also pointed out that by extension, this means that
               | anyone in Ukraine who _does not_ believe that they are
               | Russian (and thus does not want to be part of Russia) is
               | either effectively insane, or some kind of seditious
               | traitor (I don 't remember the exact way that logic went
               | in the article at this point).
               | 
               | I don't know to what extent what it described is true (my
               | guess is "somewhat, but not necessarily absolutely"), but
               | it does seem to help explain some of what's going on.
        
               | ericmay wrote:
               | I agree and this is what I've read and listened to as
               | well. (1) Putin tell us this is the case in his spoken
               | words and in his written words and actions.
               | 
               | From an economic standpoint, or the standpoint that war
               | is bad and should be avoided this obviously looks insane
               | to you and I. But if you have different motivations, such
               | as you and others described, it could look perfectly
               | rational. It's all about the parameter space you operate
               | in that determines your actions.
               | 
               | (1) Ezra Klein has some _fantastic_ podcast episodes
               | about this - let me know if you 'd like a suggestion or
               | two
        
               | chrisco255 wrote:
               | From a purely geographical perspective, Ukraine is far
               | more strategically important than the Baltics, due to its
               | access to key rivers that flow into Belarus and Russia
               | and due to its Black Sea coastline. I am sure if the U.S.
               | tried to place missile systems in the Baltics it would
               | trigger a Cuban missile-crisis like situation.
        
               | rgmarker wrote:
               | 1. The Baltics joined NATO when Russia was still in
               | disarray and aren't as important strategically. Russia
               | tried to join NATO itself after that but was rebuffed.
               | 
               | 2. This was primarily for domestic consumption and the
               | West picked it up in February/March together with the
               | notion that Putin had gone mad. Hardly anyone talks about
               | either of these theories any longer.
        
               | ericmay wrote:
               | > Russia tried to join NATO itself after that but was
               | rebuffed.
               | 
               | Yes but it's not that simple. First, do you trust Russia
               | in NATO? Given the nefarious things Russia has done over
               | the last 30 years, you can't trust this on the face of
               | it. It would be a very Russian thing to do. By accounts
               | that I've read (open to other readings here) Russia
               | wanted to join in a privileged position as well, versus
               | as "just another country" and wanted to be fast-tracked
               | and so forth.
               | 
               | > The Baltics joined NATO when Russia was still in
               | disarray and aren't as important strategically.
               | 
               | I don't find any sympathy with the disarray argument.
               | That just says "these countries joined NATO when Russia
               | couldn't do anything about it". Your point about
               | strategic importance, though, is well taken. Ukraine _is_
               | strategically important for many reasons. Some /one of
               | which is that it can undermine Russia's stranglehold on
               | European gas imports.
               | 
               | > This was primarily for domestic consumption and the
               | West picked it up in February/March together with the
               | notion that Putin had gone mad. Hardly anyone talks about
               | either of these theories any longer.
               | 
               | Agreed. I think the simple case is simply that Putin
               | believe(s)(d) that he had enough negotiating power
               | against NATO countries to be able to stop them from
               | inflicting serious damage on Russia after invading
               | Ukraine, and also that because Ukraine (in Putin's words)
               | isn't a state, the fiction would simply collapse once
               | Russia arrived. We don't do a great job and assume that
               | _our_ incentives are the same as someone else 's. In this
               | case Putin couldn't give a crap less about dead people
               | and economic destruction. He cares about The Historical
               | Unity of Russians and Ukraine. Perhaps at a much higher
               | cost than we are willing to endure.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | martimarkov wrote:
             | I think you forget that Ukraine has the right of agency and
             | has the right to choose to join a defensive union. I'm also
             | finding it hard to get any concrete examples of offensive
             | actions by NATO. So far every single one seems to be okay
             | with Russia (given they didn't veto it in the UN security
             | council).
        
               | rgmarker wrote:
               | Suppose the following reversed situation:
               | 
               | - There is still a Warsaw Pact.
               | 
               | - An Orange Revolution happens in Canada in 2014, backed
               | by KGB neocon equivalents of Nuland/Graham.
               | 
               | - A Russia friendly regime is installed in Canada in
               | 2014.
               | 
               | - Canada has regions with large U.S. populations.
               | 
               | - Canada keeps pushing for Warsaw Pact membership.
               | 
               | - At a security conference in Munich in 2022, Canada's
               | Russia friendly prime minister mentions that he could
               | acquire nuclear weapons.
               | 
               | Would you say that the U.S. would likely invade according
               | to the Monroe doctrine? Or would you say that Canada has
               | the right of agency?
               | 
               | None of this is excusing Russia, but disregarding these
               | issues leads to escalation. I'm astonished that the NATO
               | hardliners apparently think that their policies have been
               | a success (they are of course a success if the goal was a
               | proxy war that tests the strength of Russia's military in
               | the first place).
        
               | saiya-jin wrote:
               | You over-simplify things quite a bit. Just because people
               | in given country want freedom and not have as rulers
               | constant puppets of russia doesn't mean they became US
               | lapdogs. Its russia's fault that they globally represent
               | oppression, corruption, incompetence, war crimes and now
               | even genocide of their closest neighbors. Nobody normal
               | would want to align with that voluntarily, only other
               | bullies and murderers (which is exactly whats happening
               | if you look at ie UN voting re Ukraine).
               | 
               | Don't forget that Ukraine during ruling of all those
               | russian puppets became country so desperately poor that
               | even such a place like russia was rich by comparison. I
               | don't find it strange at all that people just wanted to
               | get rid of this constant negative drag on their very
               | existence.
        
               | mopsi wrote:
               | Why do these analogies always leave out the part where
               | the US commits genocide time and time again against
               | Canada so that Canada sees such pacts as the only way to
               | survive against renewed US calls for genocide in Canada?
        
               | depr wrote:
               | These kinds of comments are a waste of time, some people
               | are simply only capable of seeing their side as the good
               | guys, and/or everything that happens as mono-causal.
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | In this analogy the US also agreed to protect Canada's
               | security for denuclearization, which they would have done
               | (I.e. defanged threat).
               | 
               | Russia ignoring the Budapest memorandum will be the most
               | damning long term consequence since it teaches everyone
               | that you will be attacked if you denuclearize.
        
         | ericmay wrote:
         | And what about Crimea and previous Russian aggression against
         | Ukraine in 2014 when Merkel was in power?
         | 
         | Calling this a "left" thing is really asinine when that's just
         | who happens to be in power at the time. Do I get to blame
         | terrorism, record debt, and COVID-19 on the U.S. and European
         | "right"?
         | 
         | I'm constantly surprised at the lack of critical reasoning
         | skills when it comes to government or world events. Otherwise
         | intelligent people just absolutely turn off their brain when it
         | comes to this stuff.
         | 
         | You are probably correct that the war would not have happened.
         | Merkel's Germany would have stood by and refused even more
         | adamantly the right of Ukraine to exist as a sovereign country.
         | Likely it would just be part of Russia now with no war at all.
         | In fact, that's what Russia counted on while Putin has for
         | _years_ cozied up to Germany and convinced them to
         | strategically rely on Russia to supply them with natural gas,
         | so then they could hang a sword over the head of Germany while
         | they start snapping up the territory and lives of other people.
        
       | LAC-Tech wrote:
       | This doesn't make sense to me. Can i get an explanation?
       | 
       | The German state seized a local German branch of the Russian
       | Gazprom company. In order to secure its energy supplies... which
       | come from Russia.
       | 
       | Are they in essence capturing some reserves?
        
         | kkfx wrote:
         | Gazprom formally cease it's activity in Germany, and it's
         | German branch operate North Stream gas terminals. "seized" is a
         | bad term to say "the State substitute the local management to
         | ensure terminals operations to been able to buy the gas they
         | need.
         | 
         | If you really look for "sanctions" you'll see that there are
         | some, but not really touching the energy sector since there is
         | so far no viable alternative.
        
         | johannes1234321 wrote:
         | That company owned pipelines and storage tanks within Germany,
         | thus controls the flow of gas after reaching Germany.
        
           | nbadg wrote:
           | To expand on this: much of the distribution infrastructure
           | within Germany is owned by Gazprom. For example, there's a
           | very large natural gas storage capacity within Germany, but a
           | significant portion of that is owned by, you guessed it,
           | Gazprom. There's broad consensus that, if all of the storage
           | infrastructure were topped up, Germany would be able to make
           | it through _next_ winter reasonably well, even if Russia
           | stopped delivering gas. However, currently the storage
           | capacity is at around 30%, which is insufficient. This move
           | would imply that the German government is taking action to
           | force the distribution infrastructure to be more resilient
           | against the contingency that Russia (through one means or
           | another) stops delivering gas.
           | 
           | It's also worth pointing out that there's been some evidence
           | suggesting that, in the weeks and months leading up to the
           | Russian invasion of the Ukraine, the "fill level" of the
           | Russian-owned storage infrastructure within Germany was
           | decreased, which would both be a way for Russia to attempt to
           | leverage gas delivery against sanctions (in other words,
           | blackmail), as well as _yet another_ strong indication that
           | the invasion was a deliberate Russian aggression planned well
           | in advance.
           | 
           | If you're interested in more and understand German, I'd
           | recommend the most recent episode of Lage der Nation, which
           | talks about this at much more length:
           | https://lagedernation.org/podcast/ldn284-ukraine-
           | krieg-6-woc...
        
             | sabertoothed wrote:
             | Fellow German here, that is a very good summary. It's
             | sometimes hard to convey the complexity of the situation to
             | foreigners.
        
             | jaywalk wrote:
             | > _yet another_ strong indication that the invasion was a
             | deliberate Russian aggression planned well in advance.
             | 
             | Are there people out there who have doubts about this?
             | Regardless of any opinions on the rationale behind it, it's
             | very clearly something that was planned in advance. I
             | didn't think that was something that was up for debate.
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | I dont know whether they believe it but I'm fairly sure
               | I've seen people on HN claim that something or other that
               | President Biden did a day or two before the invasion
               | forced Russia to act.
        
               | jaywalk wrote:
               | I could be persuaded that something like that could have
               | changed Putin's timing a bit, but the invasion was
               | happening regardless.
        
               | emteycz wrote:
               | How could you not plan an invasion in advance? This is
               | easily at least a year of planning just on the entirely
               | practical side of things like how to get enough units and
               | hardware there.
        
             | mschuster91 wrote:
             | > It's also worth pointing out that there's been some
             | evidence suggesting that, in the weeks and months leading
             | up to the Russian invasion of the Ukraine, the "fill level"
             | of the Russian-owned storage infrastructure within Germany
             | was decreased, which would both be a way for Russia to
             | attempt to leverage gas delivery against sanctions (in
             | other words, blackmail), as well as yet another strong
             | indication that the invasion was a deliberate Russian
             | aggression planned well in advance.
             | 
             | It's a bit more complex than that. Following the
             | liberalization of the gas market, "discount providers"
             | appeared who simply bought on the spot market because that
             | is usually drastically cheaper than long-term contracts,
             | and also the large utilities shifted parts of their
             | purchase to spot market contracts for the same reason. For
             | many years this worked just fine from an outside POV, and
             | the margins on the retail gas price that the utilities made
             | were usually large enough to account for short-term supply
             | price hikes without having to raise new capital or retail
             | prices. All seemed to be well.
             | 
             | Last year, people noticed that Gazprom's storage facilities
             | were unusually low. Gazprom of course denied any
             | wrongdoing, they claimed they are fulfilling their
             | contractual obligations and that's it. Which is objectively
             | true and as a result, no regulatory agency had any legal
             | authority to step in.
             | 
             | And now, with the invasion ongoing (and for a few months
             | prior), Gazprom still kept their long-term contracts but
             | unlike all the prior times did not supply much on the spot
             | market - which led to the well observed price hikes and
             | utilities going bankrupt or out of business because their
             | "old" strategy of simply buying on the spot market didn't
             | work out.
             | 
             | The responsibility for the current situation rests to a
             | large part on the utilities who forewent resilience (in
             | form of more expensive long running contracts) in favor of
             | short term profits. We dug our own and the Ukrainian's
             | graves at the same time.
        
               | fuoqi wrote:
               | >Gazprom still kept their long-term contracts but unlike
               | all the prior times did not supply much on the spot
               | market - which led to the well observed price hikes and
               | utilities going bankrupt or out of business because their
               | "old" strategy of simply buying on the spot market didn't
               | work out.
               | 
               | What do you expect to happen when long-term contracts get
               | tied to spot prices? Why the hell would Gazprom willingly
               | lower the spot prices when bulk of its sales will suffer
               | from it?
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > Why the hell would Gazprom willingly lower the spot
               | prices when bulk of its sales will suffer from it?
               | 
               | Because that is what they have done for the last decades
               | - the pipelines have _more than enough_ capacity, even
               | without NS2. They only stopped selling on the short-term
               | market last year.
               | 
               | The only explanation why Gazprom was leaving that obscene
               | mountain of money on the table is because they have been
               | ordered to do so by Vladolf himself, so that he has
               | leverage against Germany in the Ukraine invasion.
        
               | nbadg wrote:
               | The nuances around spot pricing are testing the limits of
               | my knowledge here, but my understanding (which might be
               | wrong!) is that, in the context of gas storage
               | infrastructure, spot prices have an indirect influence on
               | the fill level, purely based on price speculation. In
               | other words, the good-faith actors would respond to low
               | spot prices by increasing the fill level in storage
               | infrastructure, but because the prices are currently
               | high, there's no incentive for that, and now the German
               | government is trying to figure out a policy solution to
               | increase storage fill level. Seizing control of Gazprom
               | Germania would then play a part in that policy solution.
               | 
               | That being said, just to clarify: the discussions I was
               | referencing in the GP comment suggest that Gazprom has
               | not been acting as a good-faith rational actor, and has
               | in fact been keeping their storage infrastructure even
               | less full than you would expect due to high gas prices.
        
               | mschuster91 wrote:
               | > That being said, just to clarify: the discussions I was
               | referencing in the GP comment suggest that Gazprom has
               | not been acting as a good-faith rational actor, and has
               | in fact been keeping their storage infrastructure even
               | less full than you would expect due to high gas prices.
               | 
               | Yes, I merely explained how they were able to deflect the
               | accusations of acting in bad faith for so long.
               | 
               | Gazprom was leaving literal billions of dollars on the
               | table by not offering any meaningful spot contracts for
               | months now, until the invasion began - a fact that no one
               | could explain with anything else but war preparations,
               | and war was seen as a ridiculous idea almost everywhere,
               | so public discussion was simply left at "we have no idea
               | what they are doing in Moscow".
        
         | ls15 wrote:
         | From another article:
         | 
         | https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/germany-approves-law...
         | 
         | > In Germany, a third of gas storage belongs to Russia's
         | Gazprom (GAZP.MM), whose facilities in Germany had lower levels
         | of stored gas this winter than those operated by other
         | companies.
         | 
         | In my opinion, Gazprom did so (last year) in order to
         | strategically weaken Germany's position and strenghten Russia's
         | position, by reducing the amount of gas that is stored in
         | Germany.
        
         | dathinab wrote:
         | > Are they in essence capturing some reserves?
         | 
         | No,
         | 
         | sized here means "put under control of a trustee until the
         | situation is resolved" it doesn't mean "take over ownership".
         | 
         | The reason that happens is because the persons(s) currently in
         | control of Gazprom Germania did try to use that control to act
         | against German law in a way which threatens national security.
         | 
         | This is also more about Gas infrastructure then Gas as far as I
         | can tell.
         | 
         | My guess is that some Russian oligarch tried to move ownership
         | to one (or potentially many) chains of "dummy" companies which
         | obfuscate the actual owner and go through many other non-
         | Russian nationalities. This e.g. would make many legal actions
         | against Gazprom Germania harder as the new (dumy) "owner(s)"
         | would not be from Russia or any other sanctioned state.
        
           | kmlx wrote:
           | > would make many legal actions against Gazprom Germania
           | harder
           | 
           | what legal action? Gazprom is not under any sanctions...
        
         | ce4 wrote:
         | Apparently the company was sold or ownership restructured in
         | march without prior notification of the regulatory body. The
         | new owner is Gazprom Export LLC, of which ownership is unclear
         | - it is suspected that Gazprom tries/tried to evade regulatory
         | control over critical german infrastructure, thats why Minister
         | Habeck has transferred control over to the Bundesnetzagentur as
         | a trustee.
         | 
         | Edit: Source (paywalled, german)
         | https://www.spiegel.de/wirtschaft/gazprom-germania-hat-berei...
        
         | baq wrote:
         | there's been talk of gazprom being a safe haven for higher
         | placed people running from russia's recently tightened regime.
         | think officials and/or FSB agents, etc. wanting to avoid
         | sanctions by changing ownership structure of gazprom to western
         | shell companies.
        
         | beberlei wrote:
         | Gazprom attenpted to change owners and default the company. In
         | that case the gas contracts would have been void including its
         | negotiated prices (under currebt market value) and the currency
         | in euro instead of rubbels.
        
           | diskapital wrote:
           | > Gazprom attenpted to change owners and default the company.
           | 
           | Is that illegal?
           | 
           | I wonder about rule of law. We talk about this as sacrosanct
           | here in the "West".
           | 
           | It is funny that when push comes to shove (in my perception
           | at least), we're quick to break the rules to get the outcome
           | we want.
           | 
           | When say a 3rd world country does something like this in
           | response to a "Western" multinational's actions (perhaps a
           | controversial example would be Mossadegh nationalizing APOC),
           | then the response we take it is pretty severe (often
           | involving significant amounts of violence) and we portray
           | ourselves as being "morally" rightous, often with the very
           | same "rule of law" claim.
           | 
           | Just something I like to think about in this scenario. Not
           | trying to push any agenda.
        
             | dathinab wrote:
             | > Is that illegal?
             | 
             | Under some circumstances if your company operates essential
             | infrastructure, yes. (And always had been, btw.)
        
             | rfrey wrote:
             | You ask a question, then immediately assume the answer and
             | draw conclusions based on that answer. I dispute that this
             | is just something you like to think about ("Just asking
             | questions here...") or that you are not pushing an agenda.
        
               | diskapital wrote:
               | I beg forgiveness if my question and thoughts on the
               | matter are somehow perceived as an agenda. I haven't
               | studied the Gazprom case carefully, but after all, the
               | title of OP's article is "Germany has seized control of
               | Gazprom", not Germany has lawfully taken over management
               | of Gazprom assets after a protracted court case
               | establishing ownership and takeover processes, so am I
               | really at fault for drawing conclusions based on that?
        
             | spyder wrote:
             | _" Is that illegal?"_
             | 
             | "The German economy ministry said Gazprom Germania violated
             | foreign trade law."
             | 
             | "Germany's economy ministry justified the takeover by
             | saying it had not granted permission for the Gazprom
             | Germania acquisition. Permission is required, the ministry
             | said, if the investors are not from the European Union and
             | "critical infrastructure" is involved."
        
               | diskapital wrote:
               | > "The German economy ministry said Gazprom Germania
               | violated foreign trade law."
               | 
               | And that's sufficient basis for a legal system to
               | reassign ownership of assets?
               | 
               | Just for debate, lets say Google search is critical
               | infrastructure and Google unilaterally took some action
               | that upset the German economy ministry, would the legal
               | system enable German authorities to take over assets that
               | Google had within Germany and/or areas still under German
               | control?
        
               | kergonath wrote:
               | Broadly speaking, countries are sovereign and can do
               | almost anything they'd like in this context. It is most
               | of the time limited by treaties and trade agreements, so
               | I suppose Russia could make a stink and complain with
               | things like the WTO.
               | 
               | You'd have to dig into the specifics of German law in
               | this case, but this is really unsurprising. Sales are
               | routinely blocked and companies nationalised (with
               | compensation, in civilised countries, though the fraud
               | aspect could change this in this instance).
               | 
               | Gazprom Germania can believe the government is wrong and
               | take it to the courts, but the legal argument seems
               | sound.
        
             | ectopod wrote:
             | There are additional rules for critical national
             | infrastructure. The gas company didn't follow them and this
             | gave the government the legal right to seize the business.
        
               | zekrioca wrote:
               | Honest question: Then why did they (Germany) allow
               | Gazprom to own critical infra. in the first place?
        
               | chasd00 wrote:
               | This is probably one of those circumstances where law
               | gets so complicated that you are always in violation of
               | something. That way, when the authority needs you in one
               | way or the other the haul you in front of a judge for
               | your "violation of the law" unless you cooperate with
               | their demands.
        
               | chmod775 wrote:
               | Honest answer: Because they were following the rules up
               | until that point.
        
             | riidom wrote:
             | That's correct, it depends a lot on the perspective. We
             | justify this because it's critical infrastructure, which is
             | a good enough reason to me, but if a 3rd world country
             | would argue with critical infrastructure, the narrative in
             | western countries would be very different (assuming it
             | would lead to some conflict of interests - otherwise, sure
             | fine!).
             | 
             | We definitely need to get rid of our double standards. All
             | complaints about this from non-western countries are mostly
             | correct.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | Well, Germany is at (economic) war with Russia so the
               | "rules" are different.
        
             | uniqueuid wrote:
             | There is a huge difference between the rule of law in
             | proper democracies ("Rechtsstaaten") and arbitrary
             | political decisions in totalitarian states (such as
             | Russia).
             | 
             | German ministers can implement some draconian decisions,
             | but they are operating in a large system of checks and
             | balances, including independent courts and required
             | parliamentary support for passing legislation.
             | 
             | The two scenarios are therefore roughly as similar as the
             | arbitrary power of the owner of a privately held firm and
             | the constrained power of a CEO of a publicly traded
             | company.
        
               | diskapital wrote:
               | > There is a huge difference between the rule of law in
               | proper democracies ("Rechtsstaaten") and arbitrary
               | political decisions in totalitarian states (such as
               | Russia).
               | 
               | I'm tempted to agree. However, I did raise a specific
               | counter-example. In that case, a "proper democracy"
               | (Mossadegh was democratically elected and presumably used
               | entirely legal means to nationalize APOC assets), and
               | then the long arms (CIA, MI6) of another set of "proper
               | democracies?" undertook a violent coup to take back the
               | assets. I'm not aware of how/whether those "long arms"
               | interacted with the large system of checks and balances
               | that you mentioned.
        
             | kergonath wrote:
             | I don't know where you are in "the West" but here (Western
             | Europe), selling a company is often subject to some kind of
             | oversight, particularly something as critical as energy or
             | with large companies. And artificial bankruptcies to evade
             | contracts are actually fraud.
             | 
             | Not making any point about your example, which was indeed
             | despicable behaviour.
        
             | gumby wrote:
             | > > Gazprom attenpted to change owners and default the
             | company.
             | 
             | > Is that illegal? I wonder about rule of law. We talk
             | about this as sacrosanct here in the "West".
             | 
             | Ignoring the geopolitical aspects and the "critical
             | infrastructure" aspects: yes it's illegal everywhere to
             | unilaterally abrogate a contract or to use bankruptcy or
             | such rules to evade contract.
             | 
             | Normally of course this would be handled through the
             | courts, but the answer to your question is "yes"
        
         | nieksand wrote:
         | Here is the German explanation of what happened:
         | 
         | https://www-sueddeutsche-de.translate.goog/wirtschaft/erdgas...
        
         | cf141q5325 wrote:
         | I read a great reader comment on the topic (also in German so
         | try DeepL) https://blog.fefe.de/?ts=9cb54d35
         | 
         | Its a political push and pull about who defaults on the
         | existing contracts on gas import, seeing as Russia wants to be
         | payed in ruble now, while Germany would prefer the payments to
         | be stuck on a EU bank account as a form of reparation payments
         | to the Ukraine. To prevent this outcome, Russia in effect might
         | be liquidating the Gazprom Germania. With Gazprom Germania
         | being the ones doing the actual importing. Over the last
         | weekend there was a change in ownership of the Gazprom Germania
         | to new unknown owners. So they might be already bankrupt. To
         | prevent this, Germany is now seizing control of Gazprom
         | Germania and might be on the hook to prevent an insolvency to
         | not default on the contracts with Russia.
         | 
         | In short, the German government fucked up majorly.
         | 
         | edit: Check "throwhow"s post in this thread for a longer
         | summary
        
           | the_mitsuhiko wrote:
           | That comment is way to emotional to give it more than a few
           | minutes of thought. It mixes facts with an unnecessary
           | reaching commentary.
        
             | cf141q5325 wrote:
             | Facts and opinion are rather easy to distinguish though.
             | Its the shortest description i could find of the structure
             | and mechanism in play. If there is a problem with that
             | part, pls do share.
        
           | ricardobayes wrote:
           | I completely agree with a part of the comment that DE gov't
           | probably didn't consider a long war or a long bad relation
           | with RU. If they did, there wouldn't have been blocking
           | Spain's proposal to supply EU with Algerian and Moroccan gas.
           | And they would have been looking into incentivizing solar,
           | geothermal, etc. with immediate effect. Since German heavy
           | industry is very dependent on Russian gas, if it's not
           | coming, it's almost guaranteed a global economic meltdown
           | much like 2008. Since it's not coming from banks liquidity
           | this time, we are unprepared for it.
        
             | screenbreakout wrote:
             | I don't know where to add this question without it seeming
             | off subject, but seeing as we're heading into spring,
             | seeing Germany has quite a wealthy economy and QOL, that
             | many if not most workers get 5 weeks of holiday, the chip
             | shortage is leading to slowdowns in the automotive industry
             | etc... why doesn't the government just go cold turkey, give
             | people a month or 2 free holidays while drastically
             | reducing public lighting, telling businesses to stop
             | heating their premises at night etc etc... I mean we had a
             | dress rehearsal 2 years ago with the onset of Covid, this
             | would be better ,for a good cause, probably give a boost to
             | domestic spending and send a f...U to the rest of the world
             | saying we too can think outside of the box :-)
        
           | foepys wrote:
           | The author of this blog is Fefe who is known for his strong
           | pro-Russian bias.
           | 
           | He told the world up until February 23rd that everybody was
           | dumb to believe that Russia would invade. I would not believe
           | anything Fefe says on his blog, ever. He dips into conspiracy
           | theories time and time again and when he gets proven wrong he
           | just says that it was meant to be "media competency
           | training".
        
             | cf141q5325 wrote:
             | Its a readers comment. But either way, you not liking the
             | author doesnt mean the summary of the situation is untrue.
             | 
             | In case somebody can refute the explanation (or give a
             | better one) of the Gazprom structure and motivation, i
             | would be happy to hear the problem with it. As i see it,
             | despite the rambling its a short and concise explanation of
             | who does what why.
        
           | mkoryak wrote:
           | I am curious, why is this being downvoted?
        
             | gumby wrote:
             | Because ultimately it makes a strong assertion that the
             | German government fucked up without supporting it.
             | 
             | There's nothing wrong with saying the government fucked up
             | (though I don't think it did). But the non sequitur opinion
             | doesn't add to the discussion.
        
               | cf141q5325 wrote:
               | Its the summary of the commentary. I dont think you can
               | justify not mentioning that bias.
        
       | sonicggg wrote:
       | How many years has Merkel remained in power? This awkward
       | situation is all her doing, but still nobody will mention her
       | name. How can one country willingly put its entire energy sector
       | in the hands of a terrorist state, which has been showing signs
       | since 1999 when bombing its own citizens.
        
         | unmole wrote:
         | The Soviet Union was a reliable energy supplier to (West)
         | Germany even at the height of the Cold War. _Ostpolitik_ was
         | the dominant mode of thinking across party lines. The West has
         | never had any qualms about buying oil and gas from the worst
         | regimes in the world. This outrage over buying from Russia
         | while turning a blind eye to Arab monarchies seems rather
         | perfomative.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _outrage over buying from Russia while turning a blind eye
           | to Arab monarchies seems rather perfomative_
           | 
           | The Arab monarchies largely keep their messes in their own
           | backyards. When there has been leakage, it has been limited.
           | Russia rolling tanks into Europe is so harebrained it creates
           | a new category of security risk we haven't had close to home
           | in a while: that of a madman.
        
             | throwaway48375 wrote:
             | >The Arab monarchies largely keep their messes in their own
             | backyards. When there has been leakage, it has been
             | limited.
             | 
             | 9/11
        
             | unmole wrote:
             | > creates a new category of security risk we haven't had
             | close to home in a while
             | 
             | And Europe is reacting to it appropriately.
             | 
             | My point was that it's ultimately about geopolitics, not
             | the feigned morality the GP was alluding to.
        
             | rswail wrote:
             | I wouldn't call 9/11 "limited". Nor is Yemen, or, earlier,
             | Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Iran etc.
             | 
             | The fundamental of all of these is oil and now, gas.
             | Removing the demand for these will remove the necessity of
             | engaging with these propped up monarchies and autocracies.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _wouldn 't call 9/11 "limited"_
               | 
               | Relative to what's going on in Ukraine, it is. 9/11 was a
               | massive terrorist attack. Next to the scale of state-on-
               | state warfare (a category it does not belong in), it was
               | a rounding error.
               | 
               | Agree that de-carbonising our economy will remove our
               | need to support these regimes.
        
           | cout wrote:
           | What do you mean by "performative"?
        
             | unmole wrote:
             | I mean the " _How can you buy oil and gas from a murderous
             | dictator?! He bombs innocent people!_ " style virtue
             | signalling.
        
         | mensetmanusman wrote:
         | Yeah, it is surreal to see many of the predictions from the US
         | state department and the DOD come true. As an American who
         | lived in Germany, I wish the Germans would have been correct,
         | but I am happy to see our institutions have a few smart people
         | remaining... sigh
        
         | nebukadnet wrote:
         | Lots of reasons. It was at the time the least authoritarian
         | regime. The alternatives are Saudi-Arabia, where as I
         | understand the gas is harvested with the help of human rights
         | violations, and other nearby suppliers like Norway were already
         | and still are at capacity.
         | 
         | At the same time, gas is a relatively enviromentally safe, when
         | compared to others, and since the relations to Russia were
         | mostly friendly, the slight problems in the regime were
         | ignored.
         | 
         | Now germany is reliant on them, and that was a mistake they are
         | realizing. But if germany stops accepting gas today, the
         | germans will freeze in the winter when the gas runs out, so its
         | a complicated situation.
        
           | scapecast wrote:
           | The issue is not people freezing. Wear a sweater and suck it
           | up. Buy an electric heater. There are ways to hack your way
           | through it.
           | 
           | The much larger problem is industrial manufacturing, in
           | clusters like Ludwigshafen, where you have companies like
           | BASF and Benckiser that rely on Russian gas for their
           | refinery operations.
           | 
           | Fertilizers, chemicals, lubricants, etc.
           | 
           | You turn off Russian gas, you turn off the German industrial
           | complex. Literally over night.
           | 
           | And that's the reason why the German is so cagey about
           | stopping the import of Russian gas. They can't, because they
           | don't have an alternative.
        
       | twa999 wrote:
       | > Germany has seized control of a local unit of Russian natural-
       | gas giant Gazprom, saying it will do 'what is necessary' to
       | maintain energy supply in the country
       | 
       | this action doesn't make much sense then, does it?
        
         | throwhow wrote:
         | Some theory...
         | 
         | GAZPROM mother sells gas to the Russian GAZPROM EXPORT OOO (the
         | Russian version of a GmbH) in Petersburg. This sells the gas to
         | GAZPROM Germania in Berlin. This in turn sells the gas to a
         | large number of smaller subsidiaries with their various
         | customers. So far, this strong division has served to minimize
         | risks and taxes.
         | 
         | Customers pay the gas to the subsidiaries of GAZPROM Germania
         | in EUR/USD. These are the much-cited "supply contracts".
         | GAZPROM Germania aggregates these payments and transfers them
         | via Luxembourg (GAZPROM Bank) to the Russian GAZPROM EXPORT.
         | 
         | Therefore, only GAZPROM Germania (for Germany) is affected by
         | the conversion of payments to GAZPROM EXPORT from EUR/USD to
         | rubles. After all, end consumers in Germany do not buy from
         | GAZPROM AG in SPB or from GAZPROM EXPORT in SPB, but from the
         | subsidiaries of GAZPROM Germania. The new legal situation in
         | the RF will not change anything for these end users with their
         | EUR/USD contracts.
         | 
         | Instead of transferring the EUR/USD to Luxembourg, where these
         | funds can be "frozen" at any time, GAZPROM Germania is now
         | transferring the aggregated payments from its subsidiaries to
         | Moscow, where they are forcibly converted and effectively
         | revalue the ruble. To a certain extent, these funds are thus
         | withdrawn from the EU's options for sanctions. And Habeck and
         | Co. can (almost) do nothing about it.
         | 
         | But the west doesn't want that. The idea of the western values
         | is that GAZPROM Germania receives payments from the
         | subsidiaries, but cannot pass these funds on. At the given
         | moment GAZPROM Germania can then be confiscated as part of a
         | further level of sanctions together with its considerable
         | account balances. The RF would then have supplied gas without
         | receiving any payment. The moral justification for such an
         | expropriation would then be "reparations to Ukraine". The USA
         | in particular has experience in this. Private German companies
         | were selectively expropriated after 1918 in order to "pay" for
         | war damage by the German Reich.
         | 
         | What is the counter-strategy of the RF?
         | 
         | GAZPROM (mother) instructs GAZPROM EXPORT to liquidate GAZPROM
         | Germania. This eliminates the commercially necessary
         | intermediate step for gas trading, the trading chain is
         | interrupted and the supply comes to a standstill. Not because
         | someone turned off the tap, but because the importer is
         | "bankrupt". However, since this would be a quasi-hostile act by
         | the RF (specifically planned insolvency of a strategic utility
         | company), they do it more skilfully: GAZPROM Germania is sold.
         | To shady offshore companies whose owners nobody knows and whose
         | cash flows are as yet unknown. And these offshore companies
         | first withdraw the capital from Luxembourg, leaving behind a
         | GAZPROM Germania as an empty shell, which is then sent into
         | insolvency.
         | 
         | Habeck wants to forestall this scenario. The BMWi places
         | GAZPROM Germania under receivership in order to prevent GAZPROM
         | Germania's assets from flowing out to the new owners. And to
         | prevent GAZPROM Germania from transferring the capital
         | collected from the subsidiaries to Moscow for compulsory
         | exchange.
         | 
         | Only GAZPROM EXPORT could now stop selling to GAZPROM Germania
         | if GAZPROM Germany does not pay in rubles.
         | 
         | The only question now is how quick the "new owners" were over
         | the weekend. Because GAZPROM Germania was supposedly sold on
         | April 1, 2022. So now, four days later, it is unclear whether
         | GAZPROM Germania is already insolvent. If so, then Habeck and
         | Co. would have a problem. On the one hand, they would have to
         | save the company with significant financial contributions, if
         | necessary, and on the other hand, they would then have the buck
         | in their hands. Because if you now instruct the management of
         | GAZPROM Germania not to bill in RUB, as requested by GAZPROM
         | EXPORT, then you are breaking the contracts, not RF. After all,
         | GAZPROM Germania and GAZPROM EXPORT can specify any currency
         | for internal settlement, and these are in rubles for GAZPROM
         | EXPORT by law.
        
           | chinathrow wrote:
           | You could also link to the original source (in German):
           | 
           | https://blog.fefe.de/?ts=9cb54d35
        
             | Loic wrote:
             | Second to last paragraph (not copy/pasted in the parent
             | comment) shows that the person who wrote this note knows
             | about this stuff. I have customers scrambling right now
             | because if this _really_ big problem.
        
           | stefan_ wrote:
           | Right, because people can withdraw capital like in a bad
           | action movie and then it is just gone - nothing a state could
           | ever do!
        
         | LordHeini wrote:
         | It made sense, but it might be too late now.
         | 
         | The structure is rather complicated:
         | 
         | Afaik it works (or used to) this way:
         | 
         | There is Gaszprom (the Mother), Gazprom Export, Gazprom
         | Germania and a bunch of distributors.
         | 
         | Gazprom sells to Gazprom Export which sells to Gazprom Germania
         | which sells to its distributors.
         | 
         | This helps to evade taxes and allows for a bunch of nice
         | management jobs to be distributed to German/Russian
         | politicians.
         | 
         | The distributors pay the gas in Euro to Gazprom Germania which
         | collects the money and sends it via Belgium to Gazprom Export.
         | 
         | With the Sanctions this would mean that that Gazprom Export
         | could convert Euro to Rubles, so the Money in Belgium has been
         | frozen.
         | 
         | To circumvent this Gazprom sold (or tried to) Gazprom Germania
         | to some offshore entities out of the sanctions reach.
         | 
         | To hinder Gazprom to do this the German goverment tried to
         | seize control but it might be already too late and they ended
         | up with an empty shell.
        
         | hvidgaard wrote:
         | Did you even read the article?
         | 
         | > Germany's economy minister announced the seizure in a
         | statement on Monday. The move came after the ministry of
         | economic affairs learned that Gazprom Germania had been
         | acquired by JSC Palmary and Gazprom export business services
         | LLC -- but it wasn't clear who the owners behind the two
         | companies were, per the statement.
         | 
         | > Germany's economy ministry justified the takeover by saying
         | it had not granted permission for the Gazprom Germania
         | acquisition. Permission is required, the ministry said, if the
         | investors are not from the European Union and "critical
         | infrastructure" is involved.
        
           | twa999 wrote:
           | so the russians are going to be happy about this move then?
        
             | AndrewThrowaway wrote:
             | Are we still trying not to offend Russians?
        
             | hvidgaard wrote:
             | The Russians knew of this rule, so I doubt they are
             | surprised. If the new owners are approved they will get
             | control back.
        
             | throwmeariver1 wrote:
             | You cannot reason with a tiger when your head is in its
             | mouth.
        
         | bitL wrote:
         | Maybe they will burn the offices to convert them to electricity
         | once the gas stops flowing?
        
           | silon42 wrote:
           | back to coal gas?
        
       | skeptikal wrote:
       | This is Germany doing something to not be seen doing anything.
       | Doing something for lack of a plan is usually a mistake.
       | 
       | Everything of value of this subsidiary has (pipelines, stored
       | gas, etc), is physically in Germany and already subject to German
       | law. The stored gas wasn't going anywhere without the German
       | regulator's permission and the regulator can always force Gazprom
       | Germania to sell German stored gas to Germans.
       | 
       | Nor does seizing this magically solve the problem of lack of gas.
       | The Germans either abide by Russian rules for gas, or pipelines
       | coming in from Russia remain empty.
       | 
       | This was a boneheaded move. The Russians can now seize a
       | comparable German asset in Russia to recompense Gazprom; say a VW
       | plant, a real asset that can continue to produce real things
       | while the Germans are left with old laptops, empty pipes, a salt
       | cavern and unheated offices in Berlin.
        
         | agapon wrote:
         | Well, Gazprom changed ownership of Gazprom Germania without any
         | approval from German government. So, apparently, it's not
         | impossible that they would be able to do other things as well.
        
           | skeptikal wrote:
           | changing company structure while the assets remain in Germany
           | (in fact they are immobile) is peanuts. Pretend change.
           | 
           | If they (the Russians) had tried to vent Germany's gas
           | reserves (which wont happen because the employees are German)
           | to kneecap them (the Germans), then you would have seen the
           | German regulator do something.
        
       | Barrera wrote:
       | > Russian gas accounted for 55% of Germany's gas imports in 2021
       | and 40% of its gas imports in the first quarter of 2022, Reuters
       | reported. The country has pledged to end the use of Russian gas
       | by 2024, the Habeck said in a March 25 press release.
       | 
       | Some in this thread have asked how Germany could be so foolish to
       | tie its economic destiny to such a problematic country as Russia.
       | 
       | The answer seems to be "one step at a time." And Germany is not
       | unique.
       | 
       | Take the United States, for example, and its near total
       | dependency on Chinese manufacturing for, well, just about
       | everything. The US offshored manufacturing capacity hand-over-
       | fist. In exchange the US got cheap goods (and low inflation), and
       | continued supremacy of the dollar in world trade and as a reserve
       | asset.
       | 
       | Both of those benefits are looking shakier by the week. Inflation
       | is ripping higher, and the sanctions on Russia have prompted what
       | some observers are calling Bretton Woods III, or a brand new
       | economic order that minimizes the position of the US dollar.
       | 
       | But the worst part of all is the enormous leverage China has over
       | the US. The US can protest human rights violations or even an
       | attack on Taiwan, but any serious action taken against China will
       | visit upon the US the same fate as Germany now faces. The brave
       | threats can not be made good on because of an economic hole dug
       | over the course of a generation or two.
       | 
       | The irony is that if you wind the clock back 25 years or so, this
       | situation is the same in direction (although possibly not in
       | magnitude) as policy makers wanted. Free trade was supposed to
       | make conflicts more difficult because of mutual dependency. And
       | it has worked. Just look at the disconnect between the saber-
       | rattling German/US rhetoric and the tepid German/US actions.
        
         | lorenzfx wrote:
         | I'm not sure if this is the right answer.
         | 
         | The prevailing political view, was that strong economic ties
         | would make war and violent conflict between Germany and Russia
         | impossible. This is basically what happened intentionally and
         | successfully between Germany and France after World War II
         | first with European Coal and Steel Community and later the
         | European Union.
        
         | throwaway5752 wrote:
         | Let's be fair: this was a massive, strategic aim of the Russian
         | state. Germany didn't randomly fall into this situation, there
         | has been decades of influence, bribery, and espionage in
         | Germany to develop that dependency. Kids may need to be
         | reminded that Germany has only been reunified for 32 years and
         | Berlin was divided from the USSR controlled East Germany by a
         | physical wall. Russia is is so motivated to expand its borders
         | that they are invading Ukraine.
         | 
         | It can be really tempting to look at this as bad for the US,
         | but this is really just catastrophic for Russia. Decades of
         | investment blown up, with one of the only real non-kinetic
         | weapons that they have.
        
           | cameldrv wrote:
           | I see a lot of poo-poohing of the influence aspect of this.
           | The biggest example is the man at the top, Gerhard Schroder,
           | the former Chancellor of Germany.
           | 
           | As Chancellor, he began the phaseout of nuclear energy and
           | approved the Nord Stream gas pipeline directly from Russia to
           | Germany.
           | 
           | Today he's:
           | 
           | 1. The Chairman of Nord Stream, the company that owns the
           | pipeline
           | 
           | 2. The Chairman of Rosneft, the third largest company in
           | Russia
           | 
           | 3. A member of the board of directors of Gazprom, the largest
           | company in Russia
           | 
           | You figure it out.
        
           | blub wrote:
           | When you put it like that, one almost has to feel sorry for
           | Germany, bravely fighting influence, bribery and espionage
           | every step of the way only to fall prey in the end to the
           | Russian state which maliciously supplied the German industry
           | with gas.
           | 
           | But this is not at all bad for the US, it's great! Russia is
           | isolated and weakened and the EU is strangulated by yet
           | another wave of refugees and weakened economically, becoming
           | even more dependent on the US for security.
        
             | throwaway5752 wrote:
             | I think that https://ceres.georgetown.edu/research/student-
             | projects/geopo... is a fair assessment. I would add https:/
             | /www.theguardian.com/world/2005/dec/13/russia.germany,
             | also. It is plainly clear that the current Russian
             | leadership is expansionist in nature, because they are
             | killing thousands of people in a former satellite state to
             | reestablish prior borders.
             | 
             | This is definitely a less than zero-sum environment. Russia
             | would have been better off not invading Ukraine, along with
             | Europe and the US. A peaceful and international law abiding
             | Russia would be a stronger and richer Russia.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | holoduke wrote:
               | The US doesn't want to have a strong Europe Russia
               | relationship. That's the whole reason behind this
               | conflict. The US started to bribe everyone in Ukraine and
               | even forced a coup in 2014. History of the US
               | destabilising regions is very evident. They are good at
               | it.
        
               | throwaway5752 wrote:
               | That is a way of looking at it without nuance. Russia
               | falsified the elections in the East in 2004 and tried to
               | murder Yushchenko. They created a problem in western
               | Ukraine by themselves, which precipitated the revolution
               | in 2014. Since Russia is profoundly gifted at
               | domestically blaming the west for their own problems, I
               | can see how it would seem like the US forced a coup.
               | 
               | Perhaps Russia shouldn't invade their neighbors. It seems
               | to make their neighbors not like them.
        
           | mhermher wrote:
           | There is no need for influence, bribery, or espionage. It was
           | simply the cheapest, most reliable source of energy. Russian
           | gas "won" on the market. Regardless of what route Germany
           | takes from here, it's almost certain they'll be paying more
           | in energy costs.
        
             | petre wrote:
             | Yes, if you rule out nuclear, than Russian gas was maybe
             | the cheapest. Energiewende fail. They are so addicted to it
             | that they even wanted to brand natural gas as a non
             | greenhouse energy source. This was a central point of
             | German decarbonization prior to the Russian invasion of
             | Ukraine. And the culprits are mainly the OPEC lobby and the
             | Greens. With 70% electricity generated from nuclear, France
             | does not have this problem. It's one of the things that de
             | Gaulle got right. The others were _vive la republique_ and
             | fight the enemy at all costs instead of making concessions
             | and armistices.
        
             | rs999gti wrote:
             | > It was simply the cheapest, most reliable source of
             | energy.
             | 
             | What about the nuclear reactors that DE chose to shut down
             | for Russian natural gas?
        
               | type0 wrote:
               | You can thank huge Russia funded "green" movement for
               | that
        
               | panick21_ wrote:
               | German were incredibly anti-nuclear long before. Blaming
               | this on Russia is nonsense.
        
               | jsnodlin wrote:
        
           | thriftwy wrote:
           | > Kids may need to be reminded that Berlin was divided from
           | the USSR controlled East Germany by a physical wall
           | 
           | They should also definitely remember what they did to cause
           | this.
        
             | nautilius wrote:
             | What _did_ the East Germans do that their fellows in the
             | U.S. /British/French occupied zones did not do?
        
               | thriftwy wrote:
               | Their own 80286 clone?
        
               | nautilius wrote:
               | I think that was a bit later, but fair point ;-)
        
           | pphysch wrote:
           | Suppose everyone was simple and conspiracies didn't exist.
           | Where might Germany get its fossil fuels? Perhaps shipped
           | across the entire Atlantic Ocean? Perhaps from Mars? Or
           | perhaps from the major producer on its same continent?
           | 
           | The bottom line is that European integration is a natural
           | phenomenon. It is natural to have strong economic ties within
           | one's neighborhood. You don't need a decades long conspiracy
           | to explain basic economic advantage.
           | 
           | However, European/Eurasian integration is an existential
           | problem for the one superpower that isn't part of Eurasia.
           | Therefore we get a lot of chaos, misinformation, and
           | artificial divisions.
        
             | fsflover wrote:
             | > Where might Germany get its fossil fuels?
             | 
             | How about nuclear?
             | 
             | https://thebreakthrough.org/blog/the-true-face-of-the-
             | anti-n...
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26603464
        
               | blub wrote:
               | Gas is used firstly for heating, then in the chemical
               | industry in Germany.
        
               | someguydave wrote:
               | heating with electric powered heat pumps would be way
               | more efficient
        
             | throwaway5752 wrote:
             | Germany does need energy, and I actually give German
             | leadership the benefit of the doubt, that they sincerely
             | believed rapproachment with Russia was possible and Nord
             | Stream 2 was a good faith endeavor. Sadly Russia ruined
             | that impression, it required no work on the part of the
             | United States to do so.
        
               | pphysch wrote:
               | > Sadly Russia ruined that impression, it required no
               | work on the part of the United States to do so.
               | 
               | The State Department would strongly disagree with you.
               | Victoria Nuland recently gloated that they have spent
               | over $5,000,000,000 supporting anti-Russian movements in
               | Ukraine in the post-Soviet era.
        
               | throwaway5752 wrote:
               | And, impressively, all that money didn't work to stop the
               | project until Russia started the Ukraine offensive in
               | February.
        
         | UncleOxidant wrote:
         | > In exchange the US got cheap goods (and low inflation)...
         | Inflation is ripping higher
         | 
         | Part of the reason inflation is ripping higher (and this was
         | beginning to happen even pre-pandemic) was because the previous
         | administration began tradewars which began to rip up global
         | supply chains. Yes, the bulk of our inflation currently is due
         | to the pandemic, but a good chunk of it was going to start
         | happening anyway even if the pandemic never happened because we
         | began to disrupt global wage arbitrage. Bringing jobs back to
         | America was always going to lead to a period of inflation.
        
         | baybal2 wrote:
        
         | lobochrome wrote:
         | Now consider that Germany has a huge dependency not only on the
         | supply side to China but also on the demand side for machinery
         | equipment and vehicles. In addition, we have a huge dependency
         | on the US for national security.
         | 
         | So we are dependent on Russia for Energy, on China for
         | Manufacturing and industrial demand of our most important
         | industrial sectors and are protected by the US from a National
         | Security point of view.
         | 
         | The army is a national laughing stock, the car industry is
         | begging to be disrupted, and chinese equipment and machinery
         | companies have completed their IP theft programs and are now
         | almost at par from an innovation level.
         | 
         | All while international media hailed Merkel and her useful
         | idiots for their international leadership.
        
           | paganel wrote:
           | The problem with a country like Germany is that it's too big
           | for Europe (as a continent), but too "small" for the world.
           | Similar thing for France. Of course that the European Union
           | was meant as a solution for this problem (and for the
           | accompanying wars caused by it). I'd say that while the EU
           | has been a great project from an economic pov from a
           | political and geo-strategic pov this war in Ukraine is
           | showing its huge weaknesses.
           | 
           | Imo only the US, China and partially Russia (and maybe India)
           | can be really autarchic, all of these countries that span
           | almost an entire continent (or a big part of it).
           | 
           | Not sure if there's a solution to all of this, from Europe's
           | point of view. Ideally by this point we should have had a
           | genuine political and societal union (I'm from Romania
           | myself, another EU member), but that has failed, it is
           | failing (of course that the powers that be refuse to
           | acknowledge that). Without that genuine political and
           | societal union one cannot have an autarchic Europe.
        
             | actionfromafar wrote:
             | Upvoting but Russia most definitely _cannot_ be self-
             | sufficient. Unless you mean in a theoretical or future
             | sense. Most of it exports are energy, and their industry
             | depends heavily on western and chinese machinery and
             | components.
        
               | holoduke wrote:
               | Enough smart people to create a small world within.
        
               | imtringued wrote:
               | No, it's more logical to send all the smart people to
               | Germany, let them work there and then sell your resources
               | to Germany. You can then buy high quality products from
               | Germany and thereby be completely independent from a
               | properly functioning domestic economy.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | blaser-waffle wrote:
             | India is far too fractured and chaotic to really bat at the
             | same level as the US or China.
             | 
             | They will (probably)get there, but they're not at the big
             | leagues just yet.
             | 
             | Russia was thought to maybe be at that level, but the war
             | is showing how hollow their military is, and maybe how
             | wobbly their economy is.
        
             | LeanderK wrote:
             | The current form of the EU is a stop-gap as long as not
             | more power is transferred to the EU level. The EU is
             | plagued by constant infighting and incoherent policies of
             | the member states. But I think it's going better than some
             | realise and a lot of the current projects of the EU are
             | really firsts (a real industrial strategy with a focus on
             | more autonomy in areas like chips and batteries). People
             | except a lot from the EU and don't realise that in reality
             | the legal bounds haven't really progressed since the 90s.
             | 
             | This conflict can again strengthen the european
             | institutions and maybe result in some more reforms for the
             | EU (and hopefully some democratic advances, although
             | unlikely considering orban etc.).
        
           | cycomanic wrote:
           | That's a weird argument, you will essentially not find one
           | country in the world that is autark from others. If they are
           | building stuff they depend on raw products from other
           | countries and other countries to buy their things. If they
           | consume things they are dependent on others again. I mean
           | even if you're the centre of semiconductor manufacturing in
           | the world like Taiwan, you still depend on others to build
           | your machinary (pretty much all the EUV systems are build by
           | Asml a Dutch Company)
        
           | mort96 wrote:
           | Wait what's the contradiction here? Merkel's and Germany's
           | international leadership can be good at the same time as
           | Germany's dependency on Russia and China is problematic from
           | a national security perspective. Those two aren't mutually
           | exclusive.
        
             | lobochrome wrote:
             | Maybe. I guess you can celebrate her for her "international
             | leadership" (what are we exactly celebrating by the way?)
             | and at the same time acknowledge that she completely missed
             | the interests of her constituency.
        
               | randomopining wrote:
               | Yeah I don't see how she made any strategic decisions
               | that set up the long term success for Germany and EU.
               | She's remembered bigly internationally for letting all
               | the migrants in.
        
               | timeon wrote:
               | Bordering countries like Italy and Greece were becoming
               | overwhelmed by migration wave. They were crying for help
               | for quite some time til anyone even noticed the problem.
               | So to ease the pressure there was plan to redistribute
               | them in to EU. This was refused by several countries so
               | 'Merkel' took some of them to Germany. It was not ideal
               | but better then nothing.
               | 
               | That crisis was caused by instability in Middle East.
               | Which was caused by several other factors like climate
               | (farms without water in Syria) and international politics
               | of Russia and USA. But like now everyone was blaming
               | Germany.
        
               | petre wrote:
               | She should have thrown money and equipment at the problem
               | like the US does. That works most of the time. When it
               | doesn't, let French diplomacy handle it. Or even better,
               | just do both at the same time. Italy and Greece, just
               | take this money and patrol ships and do coastal patrol.
               | Hungary, just take this money and build a barbed wire
               | fence, if you think it works. Border states were guarding
               | the Schengen Area dreamland. Instead they paid Turkey
               | tribute to allow it to blackmail and took the migrants
               | in, assingned quotas which made everyone unhappy about
               | it.
        
               | mort96 wrote:
               | I mean, "international leadership" are your words. I
               | don't know what Merkel personally has done (or what her
               | "useful idiots" have personally done, or even who those
               | "useful idiots" are). But you _are_ positing that there
               | 's a contradiction between Germany's dependency on China
               | and Russia, and Merkel's perceived achievements in
               | international leadership. I'm just saying that there's no
               | contradiction or hypocrisy in being in an influential
               | international leadership role, while being from a country
               | with its own national security issues.
               | 
               | Essentially, I'm saying that the last part of your
               | argument falls under the "vaguely gesturing at imagined
               | hypocrisy" category.
        
         | jonhohle wrote:
         | During the previous six years, it struck me as completely
         | bizarre that there was any pushback for bringing manufacturing
         | or energy production back locally. It doesn't have to be
         | nationalist, it's just adding redundancy in case your trading
         | partner realizes they have over powered leverage. No business
         | wants to concede to a vendor that they are irreplaceable.
         | 
         | Edit: Likewise, watching Germany dismantle its nuclear
         | infrastructure over the last several decades for... what reason
         | exactly? Replacing a clean, cheap, on-demand energy source for
         | dependence on foreign energy imports? Even if you think global
         | trade is panacea, why throw out working critical infrastructure
         | and replace it with something beyond control?
        
           | tawaypol wrote:
           | It's tempting to think that the governments of these states
           | have been infiltrated by their enemies.
        
             | TremendousJudge wrote:
             | Hanlon's razor applies here I think. Don't attribute to
             | "the enemy" what can be adequately explained by
             | incompetence.
        
               | mnadkvlb wrote:
               | Maybe. but existance of leaders like Gerhard Schroder
               | displays a different story.
               | 
               | (he is sitting on russian gas companies' boards, after
               | heavily going against nuclear). No shit the leaders
               | failed the country for their own gains, seems like.
        
               | barrenko wrote:
               | The incompetent and the corrupt and more often than not
               | the same person.
        
               | lallysingh wrote:
               | They don't know what the right answer is, but they know
               | the answer that gets them paid.
        
               | lallysingh wrote:
               | Be careful. Incompetence is an almost infinite sink for
               | blame, and it's easy to misattributed to it what really
               | belongs somewhere else.
        
               | anamax wrote:
               | Incompetence doesn't have a bias. Malice does.
               | 
               | More to the point, Hanlon's Razor is usually an excuse to
               | do nothing, which is a mistake.
               | 
               | It's better to assume that people intend the likely
               | outcome of their actions. If they want to claim
               | stupidity/incompetence as a defene, that's on them.
        
           | newaccount74 wrote:
           | Energy politics in the public discourse was often dominated
           | by environmental concerns, and there wasn't a singular focus
           | on CO2 as we have now.
           | 
           | Gas has been a popular choice, because it is a lot cleaner
           | than coal / light oil / wood from a local pollution
           | perspective. It burns cleanly, so switching to gas heating
           | significantly reduces pollution in cities.
           | 
           | Nuclear energy is NOT clean, because it has the huge unsolved
           | problem of what to do with the radioactive waste. Nobody
           | wants radioactive waste anywhere near them, and there just
           | isn't any place where you can put radioactive waste where it
           | will be safe for a few hundred years.
           | 
           | But the biggest reason for our fear of nuclear energy is
           | Chernobyl. It's been 37 years, and Chernobyl is still a
           | danger.
        
             | newbamboo wrote:
             | Well it's hard to accept German stupidity as the official
             | narrative but there it is. Fear of radiation Uber Alles.
        
             | yywwbbn wrote:
             | And Chernobyl killed magnitude s less people in total than
             | the number that dies directly or indirectly due to fossil
             | furl emissions.
        
             | jonhohle wrote:
             | Nuclear fuel is recyclable. The safe place to put it is
             | back in a reactor. There are political reasons that doesn't
             | happen, but not technical reasons.
             | 
             | Globally, nuclear has lower deaths per kWh than even wind,
             | and significantly lower than natural gas or oil. From a US
             | centric perspective, nuclear energy is by far the safest by
             | an order of magnitude[0]. Even a catastrophe like Chernobyl
             | resulted in the deaths of fewer people than a single year
             | of oil and gas drilling.
             | 
             | 0 - https://www.forbes.com/sites/jamesconca/2018/01/25/natu
             | ral-g...
        
           | siscia wrote:
           | Adding redundancies is bad from an economic view centered in
           | the next few months.
        
           | Mountain_Skies wrote:
           | It's difficult to keep those local industries going when
           | international competition can undercut them and WTO
           | membership hampers your ability to compensate for this.
           | Joining the WTO (and several other lesser-known
           | organizations) is simply giving away part of your sovereignty
           | and ability to react to domestic needs in favor of access to
           | cheap goods and services.
        
         | gamblor956 wrote:
         | The OP's comment is not grounded in reality.
         | 
         | The U.S. used Chinese factories because they _were_ cheap.
         | Emphasis on  "were." Companies have been switching away from
         | China en masse (to India, Vietnam, Thailand, etc.) for at least
         | the past decade because China is no longer the cheap option.
         | Frequently, including shipping costs (even before COVID) it was
         | cheaper to just get stuff made in America if you could find a
         | supplier. Hell, my last 3 years at a firm were devoted almost
         | entirely to helping companies restructure their international
         | operations _out_ of China to cheaper countries.
         | 
         | The U.S. won't take serious action against China because China
         | took Russia's place as the global counterweight to the U.S. But
         | it has absolutely nothing to do with China's so-called economic
         | leverage, because China doesn't have any over the U.S. anymore.
        
         | scns wrote:
         | > Some in this thread have asked how Germany could be so
         | foolish to tie its economic destiny to such a problematic
         | country as Russia.
         | 
         | The answer seems to be "one step at a time." And Germany is not
         | unique.
         | 
         | Quite quick actually. The ex chancellor of germany [0] became
         | Nord Streams' [1] Chairman of the Shareholders' Committee
         | (since 2006)
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Schroder
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nord_Stream
         | 
         | edit: correction and add link
        
           | adhesive_wombat wrote:
           | And Rosneft _and_ Gazprom.
           | 
           | It's completely brazen.
        
         | throaway1721613 wrote:
         | I think it's quite different. Gas can be understood as being
         | sold by Country A to Country B (instead of business to business
         | or business to consumer). Yes, there might be private firms
         | involved, but Country A can stop the gas on a moment's notice
         | if so desired. Also, there's likely no substitute for this gas
         | in the midterm (months? years to get 3 new nuclear plants?).
         | Finally, in terms of "responsibility", this was decided by the
         | German government, not just by individual consumers /
         | businesses that decided to buy more from Russia.
         | 
         | The commercial relationship between the USA and China is much
         | different. First, it consists of thousands of businesses and
         | millions of consumers: it's not so easy to stop the flow (you
         | can ban some of it, but there are workarounds). For many of
         | those goods, there will be substitutes. Finally, this wasn't
         | something explicitly decided by the USA government.
        
         | quantum_solanum wrote:
         | > In exchange the US got cheap goods (and low inflation), and
         | continued supremacy of the dollar in world trade and as a
         | reserve asset.
         | 
         | And perhaps most importantly defused the worker radicalism of
         | the 60s/70s by literally moving the means of production out
         | from under them.
        
           | Mountain_Skies wrote:
           | And when it started to rise up again just a little bit with
           | Occupy Wall Street, we got identity politics to ensure
           | workers would never have that opportunity ever again.
        
         | Melatonic wrote:
         | I think the main key difference here, however, is that it is
         | not the state (the US government) deciding to offshore any of
         | this manufacturing. It is some rich fat cat American CEO who
         | wanted a bigger paycheck.
         | 
         | Thankfully for some very key industries we still have onshore
         | manufacturing and that is increasing in modern times.
        
         | jsnodlin wrote:
        
         | mancerayder wrote:
         | How much blame can we lay on the anti nuclear power activists?
         | 
         | Or were there other reasons for not diving into that technology
         | with two feet in front, rather than try to sunset it?
        
         | imtringued wrote:
         | > the sanctions on Russia have prompted what some observers are
         | calling Bretton Woods III,
         | 
         | You know, if you go down that path it will never end. It's like
         | the gold standard. It's going to fail every single time.
         | Bretton Woods is doomed to fail. It was doomed to fail the day
         | it was introduced.
        
       | actionfromafar wrote:
       | https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/german-regulator-tak...
        
       | kome wrote:
       | Gazprom Germania was basically a branch of the state even
       | before... * _cheeky Gerhard Schroder emoji here*_
        
       | pelasaco wrote:
       | from the cyber security point of view, I'm quite sure the whole
       | branch still under Russia's control (IT/OT wise)
        
       | rootsudo wrote:
       | Reminds me of the ending of Three days of the Condor. A great
       | film, while it doesn't touch on the exact issue happening today
       | w/ Russia, the ending has quite an emotional tinge about the ends
       | justifying the means.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vZNnDiDSUiI
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | > The country has pledged to end the use of Russian gas by 2024
       | 
       | Plenty of LNG ships and suppliers. Cheap gas is not worth an
       | immense cost of human life. I think this timetable could be moved
       | forward far quicker.
        
         | kbelder wrote:
         | Expensive gas also costs human life, and a national shortage
         | over winter could easily kill hundreds, and ruin many more
         | lives.
         | 
         | That said, sometimes you do need to make tough geo-political
         | decisions, where _every_ option has a horrible cost. While the
         | primary blame falls on the aggressor nation, it doesn 't make
         | those decisions easier.
        
       | fareesh wrote:
       | They seized the call center?
        
       | pelasaco wrote:
       | The TL;DR is:
       | 
       | "Germany's economy minister announced the seizure in a statement
       | on Monday. The move came after the ministry of economic affairs
       | learned that Gazprom Germania had been acquired by JSC Palmary
       | and Gazprom export business services LLC -- but it wasn't clear
       | who the owners behind the two companies were, per the statement."
        
       | quantum_state wrote:
       | Where is the rule of law and protection of private property?
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | It's a classic fraudulent conveyance case. Normally it would
         | simply work its way through the courts, but due to exigent
         | circumstance and geopolitical circumstance they seized it. But
         | the point of law is the same.
        
       | lobochrome wrote:
       | They sold the company to new owners on Friday who then tried to
       | liquidate it. Gazprom Germania is the counterpart to Gas dealers
       | and utilities. It then has an intra-company agreement with
       | Gazprom Russia.
       | 
       | If they had liquidated, those contracts would have been gone and
       | the Gas dealers & utilities would have had to renegotiate new
       | contracts with Gazprom Russia. This would have allowed them to
       | require payments in Rubles instead of Euros.
        
         | LatteLazy wrote:
         | Given the collapse(-ing) value of the Ruble, why would they
         | want that?
        
           | albertopv wrote:
           | Ruble went down but then fully recovered
        
             | petre wrote:
             | Yup. Not fully but close enough. Too bad.
             | 
             | https://www.xe.com/currencycharts/?from=USD&to=RUB
        
             | throw_5202 wrote:
             | It's not a real exchange rate because there is no free
             | exchange. Russian exporters forced to exchange 80% of hard
             | currency to rubles. An individual can get maximum $10k in
             | cash until at least 9th September:
             | https://www.cbr.ru/eng/press/event/?id=12744 (and there are
             | similar limits on international payments/transfers).
             | 
             | When there is no free exchange rate is not very meaningful.
        
             | LatteLazy wrote:
             | I stand corrected! I thought it was still way down.
        
         | tazjin wrote:
         | From what I've read, the contracts between Gazprom Germany and
         | Gazprom Export (on the Russian side) do not have a fixed
         | settlement currency.
         | 
         | > This would have allowed them to require payments in Rubles
         | instead of Euros
         | 
         | "allowed" is a funny word - this situation is way past a point
         | where cross-border contracts on either side hold any legal
         | value. How are you going to hold anyone accountable for breach
         | of contract?
        
           | adonovan wrote:
           | I've wondered about that question. Germany is not at war with
           | Russia, Gazprom is a publicly traded company, and there are
           | international courts that arbitrate such matters and could
           | yet find the German government at fault. My non-lawyerly gut
           | feeling is that, for better or worse, the trend of the last
           | 30 years has been that the international mechanisms for
           | enforcing contracts and property rights are now the strongest
           | force in the legal universe, stronger than sovereignty and in
           | some cases even human rights.
        
             | hef19898 wrote:
             | There is a lae, ftom what I've read, that requires sqle fo
             | certain companies running critical infrastructure to be
             | communicated and approved. Gazprom didn't do so, the German
             | subsidiary was put under government control (not legal
             | ownership) because of that.
             | 
             | Honestly, I'm quite surprised how consistently and tough
             | the new government plays the Ukraine crisis.
        
           | tedivm wrote:
           | Can you back that up with a source? It's the opposite of what
           | basically everyone has been saying and I can't find anything
           | that even hints that there isn't a fixed settlement currency
           | in their contracts. Russia has been trying to push this issue
           | for weeks, while Germany and others are refusing to pay in
           | anything but euros.
        
             | tazjin wrote:
             | So most of this stuff is not public, so there is no single
             | source to point you to, but from what people have puzzled
             | together on various forums the structure is approximately
             | this (corrections welcome):
             | 
             | PAO Gazprom (the _actual_ Gazprom; PAO is a Russian joint-
             | stock company) owns another Russian company (Gazprom Export
             | OOO; OOO is a Russian LLC), which in turn _owned_ Gazprom
             | Germania GmbH (GmbH is a German LLC).
             | 
             | PAO Gazprom sold gas to Gazprom Export, which in turn sold
             | gas to Gazprom Germania, which in turn sells the gas _to
             | the actual European companies_.
             | 
             | The change in Russian law which switches the currency to
             | rubles affects the transactions between Gazprom Export OOO
             | and Gazprom Germania GmbH (which were previously both owned
             | by Russia), which made the settlement an "internal" affair
             | of Gazprom for German exports.
             | 
             | (This stuff is fairly well established and you can look at
             | the German & Russian company registers, the legal text of
             | the Russian decree etc. for more detailed information. The
             | next part is less well understood)
             | 
             | Previously this settlement took place through Gazprom
             | Germania sending money from its German account(s) to an
             | account of held in Gazprombank Luxembourg (GPB
             | International S.A., a Luxembourgian Public Limited
             | Company). This account may be a correspondence account for
             | a Gazprombank Russia account owned by Gazprom Export, it's
             | unclear. These funds can be frozen by the EU (and I think
             | are, leading to the Russian claim that they're currently
             | supplying some gas for "free").
             | 
             | With the law change in Russia, this transfer must now
             | happen to a new type of currency account established by
             | Gazprombank Russia (though it's unclear / not publicly
             | known how those are backed, e.g. whether it's also through
             | correspondent accounts at GBP International S.A.) where it
             | is automatically sold and converted into rubles, which are
             | then transferred to Gazprom Export in Russia.
             | 
             | Now an important bit that most people don't seem to get is
             | that none of this affects _pricing_ , it's akin to a change
             | in payment method. The supply contracts between e.g. the
             | European gas purchasers and Gazprom Germania have
             | complicated pricing schemes which are likely tied to one or
             | more currencies (EUR & USD) and Russia is sticking to those
             | pricing agremeents - but insisting on changing how the
             | settlement happens.
             | 
             | What is kind of unclear at the moment is what Gazprom
             | stands to gain from the sale (and subsequent (attempted?)
             | liquidation of Gazprom Germania). There are a handful of
             | theories about this, but in practice we probably won't know
             | for a while.
        
               | neilwilson wrote:
               | The Luxembourg entities are not on the EU sanctions
               | list[0]. That entity will essentially own Russia's Euro
               | reserves from now on.
               | 
               | It's not as if this hasn't happened before. The
               | 'EuroDollar' came about after the invasion of Hungary in
               | 1956. Russia has just invented the 'RuskiEuro', which is
               | how the Bank of Russia will hold Euros for the duration -
               | probably in settlement accounts at the National Clearing
               | Centre in Moscow.
               | 
               | [0]: https://www.luxtimes.lu/en/business-finance/rubles-
               | for-gas-p...
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _' EuroDollar' came about after the invasion of Hungary
               | in 1956_
               | 
               | The first known eurodollar account was opened in France
               | for China during the Korean War, in 1949 [1]. The
               | phenomenon is a result of the Marshall Plan, which left
               | lots of physical dollars overseas and thus outside U.S.
               | jurisdiction.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurodollar#History
        
               | lobochrome wrote:
               | I agree. And since the RuskiEuro will be backed by a
               | massive amount of commodity it'll be fairly hard
               | currency. Zoltan Poszar has been clear on this[0].
               | 
               | My gut feeling is, that the EU, without any commodities,
               | has a single choice: kick the Russian gas habit
               | immediately, and force Russia to kill their western gas
               | fields. Then pray they collapse in the next few years.
               | 
               | If the EU keeps paying - Russia's new Gazprom central
               | bank controlled RuskiEuro reserves will stabilize its
               | economy and it will rise like a phoenix from the ashes.
               | Even if we kick the gas habit, this might still happen if
               | Putin keeps his thumb on public sentiment enough.
               | 
               | [0]https://www.credit-suisse.com/about-us-
               | news/en/articles/news...
        
               | petre wrote:
               | President Trump was right about the gas terminal, North
               | Stream 2 and >=2% GDP for NATO militaries. Of course it
               | was coming from his advisors. But no, the EU leadership
               | decided to live in fantasy land. Only Eastern European
               | states, Poland and the Baltics understood.
        
             | neilwilson wrote:
             | In all international trade the buyer pays with the currency
             | they have, and the seller receives the currency they want
             | to hold.
             | 
             | The banking system makes a handsome fee making that
             | particular piece of alchemy happen.
             | 
             | Gory details about how this particular trick is pulled off
             | is here[0] if you're interested.
             | 
             | [0]: https://new-wayland.com/blog/how-russian-gas-is-paid-
             | for/
        
             | op00to wrote:
        
               | zivkovicp wrote:
        
           | laurent92 wrote:
           | Doesn't the ITO (International Trade Organization) regulate
           | international contacts with allowed and non allowed
           | sanctions? I think Western states are currently tied to it,
           | they can't just impose "whatever" sanctions, and if we don't,
           | it would be legal for Russia to impose sanctions upon us.
           | 
           | Currently Russia has no right to sanction us, so anything
           | they do is a further breach of ITO, which further deepens
           | their case.
           | 
           | Diplomacy is important. The good guy has to respect the
           | rules, or at least write them so we pretend that there are
           | rules we adhere to.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _Doesn't the ITO (International Trade Organization)
             | regulate international contacts_
             | 
             | Venue depends on the contract. ITO only has jurisdiction
             | where countries have submitted to it.
        
             | tazjin wrote:
             | > they can't just impose "whatever" sanctions
             | 
             | They can and they do. Enforcing any kind of international
             | agreements in this situation is pure fiction.
             | 
             | > The good guy has to respect the rules
             | 
             | The existence of a bad guy doesn't imply the existence of a
             | good guy.
        
             | OrvalWintermute wrote:
             | I'm concerned about the use of sanctions, and the
             | individual targeting of wealthy individuals as being
             | anathema to the Rule of Law, property rights, and free
             | exchange.
             | 
             | The dollar is inflating at the same time the reserve
             | currency status is threatened, and we Americans, via our
             | allies, are appropriating the stuff of foreigners, seizing
             | boats, currency, gold, and property. I think >400B has been
             | seized at this point.
             | 
             | How long until we move from "Russia Bad!" to other groups,
             | and start turning inward onto ourselves, seizing their
             | property because they are politically unpopular?
        
               | tazjin wrote:
               | Russia is also consistently referring to the asset freeze
               | as the Western countries defaulting on their obligations,
               | which will resonate with countries that are not in the
               | closest circle of the US.
        
           | ganzuul wrote:
           | One side does it with assassination.
        
             | ajsnigrutin wrote:
             | And the other does with suiciding.
        
               | ganzuul wrote:
               | Germany??
        
               | ajsnigrutin wrote:
               | I was mostly targeting USA with that comment.
               | 
               | But germans have also murdered a lot of people not
               | abiding by the societies rules, especially east germans
               | back in the day.
        
             | _3u10 wrote:
             | Yes but let's not bring that up, it makes us look like a
             | tinpot dictatorship nationalizing assets and assassinating
             | people.
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_assassinations_by_t
             | h...
        
               | Traster wrote:
               | This is a dispute between Germany and Russia. I'm not
               | sure what US assassinations of middle eastern war lords
               | have to do with it.
        
               | 1over137 wrote:
               | Hmmm, the larger dispute is between NATO and Russia. The
               | USA is the head of NATO.
        
               | ganzuul wrote:
               | If this insane idea that the sovereign nations of Europe
               | have no agency of their own comes from American
               | "news"-branded edutainment, I dearly suggest you
               | defenestrate your television set. It is clearly rotting
               | minds.
        
               | _3u10 wrote:
               | For a "sovereign" nation Germany is awfully dependent on
               | Putin for energy and the US for defense.
               | 
               | My position is not that Germany has no agency it's that
               | it traded away it's much of its agency to appease the
               | Greens.
               | 
               | These opinions come not from American TV but from my
               | relatives.
               | 
               | Freistaat Bayern uber alles!
               | 
               | Sorry about taking over Europe again, hope you are
               | enjoying the EU dictating your countries economic
               | fortunes.
        
               | ganzuul wrote:
               | Talk like that gets you World War 3.
        
               | _3u10 wrote:
               | If people spent more time walking and less time talking
               | world war 3 wouldn't have already started.
        
               | holoduke wrote:
               | Hardly any euro state has real power when it comes to
               | real decisions. Most of the euro states are politically
               | heavily influenced by financial injections from the US.
               | Military bases everywhere. US companies everywhere. All
               | tech is dominated by the US. Of course Russia sees the US
               | as the master country and euro countries as their
               | puppets.
        
               | Traster wrote:
               | If you really want to go down that road, it's Russia's
               | gas that runs eastern Europe, not US cash. Yet still,
               | Germany tells Russia where to stick it. This is quite
               | clearly _not_ an economic decision.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | It tends to come from russian propaganda efforts. They
               | have to make this look like they're fighting the US and
               | not a bunch of sovereign, not enemy nations.
        
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