[HN Gopher] Altruism under stress: cortisol negatively predicts ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Altruism under stress: cortisol negatively predicts charitable
       giving
        
       Author : rustoo
       Score  : 185 points
       Date   : 2022-03-29 12:11 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
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 (TXT) w3m dump (theswaddle.com)
        
       | Trasmatta wrote:
       | Having a higher than average amount of empathy seems to be a
       | disadvantage in many ways. It seems in many cases to be
       | correlated with anxiety and depression. It can be difficult for
       | people with high levels of empathy to recognize the boundaries
       | between their own self and the thoughts and feelings of others.
       | As a kid I was highly empathetic, and it's something I've
       | struggled with my entire life. It never really felt like a
       | virtue, and mostly just brought me pain. I have less empathy now,
       | but it seems to largely be the result of emotional numbing, which
       | isn't pleasant either. Even now though, my mind seems to always
       | mirror the thoughts and feelings of those around me, as if I
       | don't have a self or personality of my own. It's rather odd, but
       | I've read about a number of people with similar experiences.
       | 
       | I've read some interesting things about how in many cases
       | schizoid personality disorder may be the result of highly
       | empathetic children who later withdraw in life because
       | interpersonal contact was a source of significant suffering for
       | them. I seen to exhibit many of the signs of SPD, but I've never
       | been diagnosed. (If you're not familiar with SPD, I'd recommend
       | looking it up. It's likely not what you think it is, and not
       | directly related to schizophrenia.)
        
         | RobRivera wrote:
         | consider the idea that with empathy you can effectively
         | communicate and persuade others better as you can gain insight
         | into who THEY are and how THEY feel. its an attribute necessary
         | for EFFECTIVE leadership, not of the brainwashing manipulation
         | kind, but of the trusting kind. takes learning
        
         | germinalphrase wrote:
         | FWIW, I have a close relation that matches the pattern you're
         | identifying, and they have had very positive results from
         | Internal Family Systems Therapy.
        
           | cptcobalt wrote:
           | +1: this comment describes me and I'm actively in internal
           | family systems therapy. took me a while to get used to the
           | style, but it's been beneficial for me.
        
           | Trasmatta wrote:
           | I've actually been researching Internal Family Systems! There
           | are some things that make me a bit wary about it, but I think
           | it may be worth trying.
        
             | germinalphrase wrote:
             | I think the therapist's personality might have an impact (I
             | could see certain aspects of it feeling a little "woo"),
             | but it has been useful to frame and work through certain
             | emotions/reactions/situations in a productive manner. My
             | email is in my profile if you want to reach out.
        
         | OneLeggedCat wrote:
         | Reading the replies to you, it's obvious that some of the
         | perfected alpha libertarians typical of HN have shown up, and
         | as often happens, they don't really know wtf they're talking
         | about. But they do greatly enjoy expressing their overly
         | abstracted, overly generalized, overly confident opinions that
         | arise from brains that enjoy a hyper-filtered perception of the
         | world. Perhaps you should just simply change your brain to be
         | more like them?
         | 
         |  _sigh_. Anyway I empathize with you.
        
         | iLemming wrote:
         | Being deeply closely related, it seems we humans are doomed to
         | forever struggle between violent chimpanzees and highly
         | emphatic bonobos.
        
         | goodpoint wrote:
         | > my mind seems to always mirror the thoughts and feelings of
         | those around me
         | 
         | Sounds like you are confusing
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enmeshment with empathy.
         | 
         | Disclaimer: I'm not a psychologist.
        
         | SamoyedFurFluff wrote:
         | I'm deeply sorry that you didn't have the necessary support
         | network to navigate your empathy when you were young. Now that
         | you're older, have you had any success in developing
         | navigational skills and regaining your levels of empathy?
        
           | Trasmatta wrote:
           | Thank you! I've only begun to put the pieces in the last
           | couple of years while trying to figure out why my behavior is
           | the way it is. Haven't made a ton of progress, but knowledge
           | feels like a good first step. Planning to try to find a
           | therapist, but one of the challenges is that many people in
           | this position apparently avoid therapy, because they fear
           | empathizing too much with the therapist, rather than focusing
           | on themselves. It's rooted in a fear of enmeshment, and it's
           | also why there's very little research about schizoid
           | personality disorder, because those people generally avoid
           | therapy. I suspect I may have SPD, but I don't want to self
           | diagnose (and it's maybe too simple to label complex
           | behaviors like this with one label anyway).
        
             | dwaltrip wrote:
             | Congrats on your progress so far :) This stuff is very
             | difficult and it takes a lot of courage to face these
             | things.
             | 
             | I believe high empathy has contributed to some of my
             | difficulties. I've tried therapy a few times before without
             | much luck. Recently I've found a therapist who has helped
             | me immensely. We have a good connection, which is very
             | important. She also uses somatic approaches, with I think
             | is more effective for people who need help working with and
             | processing their emotions. It also seems to be better than
             | standard talk therapy when working with trauma.
             | 
             | Somatic therapy might be helpful for you :) And make sure
             | you feel comfortable and safe with your therapist.
        
             | SamoyedFurFluff wrote:
             | That makes sense, thanks for the insight. I've had similar
             | concerns in the past and it seems when I stuck with
             | licensed workers (licensed social workers, clinical
             | psychologists, and psychiatrists) they seemed well trained
             | to wall themselves off emotionally from me (refuse to give
             | personal information, refuse to visibly react to things I
             | say, very careful when expressing an opinion, refuses to
             | suggest an interpretation of who I am or who they are).
             | It's also apparently deeply unprofessional to be unable to
             | avoid enmeshment, including the responsibility of referring
             | a client away from oneself if one notices too much
             | emotional closeness. I'm not saying this to convince you
             | either way but I hope this data is useful to you. Thanks
             | for your vulnerability in talking openly about this.
        
             | dQw4w9WgXcQ wrote:
             | You're a person to be loved, not a problem to be solved.
        
         | Taylor_OD wrote:
         | It can be good and bad. Having a high amount of empathy but
         | being able to control your reaction can be very helpful. You
         | can adapt to how others are reacting much better than folks
         | with low empathy.
        
         | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
         | I would argue that it's a disadvantage only from the self-
         | centered perspective that modern society encourages us to
         | cultivate. Empathy is an incredibly useful tool for humans that
         | exist as part of a community, but our societies are structured
         | to benefit those who seek to maximally exploit others, our role
         | models are sociopaths, and the cultural narrative is that our
         | only value is either in being them or being useful to them.
        
           | goodpoint wrote:
           | > it's a disadvantage only from the self-centered perspective
           | that modern society encourages us to cultivate
           | 
           | "It is no measure of health to be well adjusted to a
           | profoundly sick society" - Krishnamurti
        
           | tartoran wrote:
           | Empathy is great for the society, a burden for the
           | individual. Very empathetic people have a hard time minding
           | their own path in life for they get caught in the suffering
           | of others. Regardless of setbacks and disilussionments,
           | empathetic people feel good when helping others.
        
             | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
             | > Empathy is great for the society, a burden for the
             | individual.
             | 
             | But society is good for the individual, so supporting that
             | society that supports them is mutually beneficial.
        
               | allmodelsRwrong wrote:
               | This chain of comments reminds of what I read in a paper
               | regarding multilevel group selection, namely:
               | "Selfishness beats altruism within groups. Altruistic
               | groups beat selfish groups". Though there is a bit of
               | controversy around that if I remember correctly.
        
           | Trasmatta wrote:
           | It can be an advantage when it's been tuned and trained
           | properly. When it hasn't been, it mostly just leads to
           | additional pain for the empathetic person, and eventual
           | withdrawal.
           | 
           | Parents need to be taught how to recognize children that are
           | highly empathetic, and given the tools to teach them to train
           | and deal with that aspect of themselves. Otherwise they'll
           | experience great emotional pain in their lives without any of
           | the tools they need to cope with it. That can have a rebound
           | effect, leading to emotional numbing and social withdrawal.
        
         | qwertyuiop_ wrote:
         | Thank you for writing this. You helped me realize my own
         | condition which is similar to your and the more I research, the
         | more it lines up with what you have described here. Do you
         | avoid social gatherings and prefer to work remotely ? I love
         | spending time mostly with my family and go out of my way to
         | avoid social contact even with relatives.
        
         | bitshiftfaced wrote:
         | I think that's probably true, but it's more about
         | conscientiousness than empathy. If you're empathetic and lack
         | conscientiousness, you have a great advantage in being able to
         | "work" people. And you feel no guilt if things don't go well
         | for them.
         | 
         | On the other hand, you could be highly conscientious and lack
         | empathy. You may try to do the right thing, but you feel guilt
         | anyway because you're unable to understand why what you did
         | wasn't in line with what the other person was feeling.
        
           | Trasmatta wrote:
           | Hmmm, in my mind empathy isn't just cognitively understanding
           | that somebody is feeling pain, it's feeling that pain on
           | their behalf. Most people have that ability to some degree,
           | but it's extremely magnified in certain individuals.
        
             | bitshiftfaced wrote:
             | Yeah I tend to separate empathy (being able to put yourself
             | in another's shoes and feel what they're feeling) and
             | "other-oriented-ness". Having empathy means you understand
             | what the driver behind you at the fast food restaurant is
             | feeling emotionally if you take too long at the window.
             | Being other-oriented is feeling stressed and wanting to
             | move forward before you've completely checked your order,
             | because you don't want the driver behind you to feel upset
             | by your taking too long.
        
         | nonrandomstring wrote:
         | Don't numb it, master it and let it lead under control. Empathy
         | is an incredible virtue, but it must be disciplined.
         | 
         | I don't know enough neuroscience to know what the "right
         | dorsolateral prefrontal cortex" is exactly but I know that you
         | can over-ride/master it with reason and discipline.
         | 
         | So I think there's something more to people allowing their
         | better nature to slip under stress than simple brain chemicals.
         | 
         | A colonel told me, that in the moment of most stress that's
         | when the men need you most of all, and need you to retain
         | dignity, self-sacrifice, and thinking about _them_ more than
         | ever. When everyone is shitting themselves we revert to "I'm
         | alright Jack" self-preservation mode. That's precisely the time
         | when you need to dig deep and let _reason_ take the lead.
         | Compassion/altruism etc is a personality structure, not a
         | fleeting feeling, so it's encoded into your rational decision
         | making.
         | 
         | So a ton of training is about getting you to "snap out of
         | yourself".
         | 
         | The body moves in fast time, but if the mind can still stay in
         | slow, measured mode, that's how the best comes out in some
         | poeple under adversity. Hardballs who have no love for humanity
         | will jump on to the tracks to save a kid from a subway train,
         | because deep down they are actually masters of the empathy
         | they've carefully hidden.
         | 
         | I guess that tension between what you know you should do and
         | what you find yourself instinctively inclined to do - is
         | _conscience_.
        
           | Trasmatta wrote:
           | > Don't numb it, master it and let it lead under control
           | 
           | Numbing it was never a conscious decision, it was an
           | automatic learned response to pain after years / decades. Now
           | that I'm more conscious of what's happening, I can begin to
           | work with it, but personality traits like this are generally
           | highly stable and resistant to change. Which isn't to say
           | there's nothing that can be done about it, just that's
           | challenging (and in the process, you may be losing some of
           | the benefits of that learned behavior).
        
             | nonrandomstring wrote:
             | > personality traits like this are generally highly stable
             | and resistant to change.
             | 
             | Yes. Impossible to change some would say. So my message was
             | wear it with pride. There's a philosopher called
             | Kierkegaard who would say that you can't be "cured" of what
             | you _are_. And since empathy is a gift, instead make it a
             | superpower. That happens when you control it instead of it
             | controlling you. Good luck, and I hope your gift brings you
             | great things.
        
           | idontknowifican wrote:
        
             | strombofulous wrote:
             | "...and this is your brain on Twitter"
        
             | cgriswald wrote:
             | Imagine having direct experience with these things,
             | genuinely sharing your hard-earned experience of what works
             | for you in the language you have available to you, and then
             | some third-party who doesn't know anything about you
             | misrepresents your statement and then tells you to "shut
             | the fuck up about mental health problems you don't have."
        
               | idontknowifican wrote:
               | the OP has mastered their emotional response and will be
               | fine by their own reckoning. i wouldn't be so direct if
               | the person hadn't insisted they could handle it. i was in
               | fact respecting their autonomy by treating them in the
               | exact way they said they prefer.
        
             | failedengineer wrote:
             | Right?
             | 
             | What are the odds that GP would post "I don't know exactly
             | what these brain regions do, but I know that these
             | transgendered people who had fMRI showing their brains
             | function much closer to their identified gender should
             | simply stop being transgendered by overriding/mastering the
             | differences with reason and discipline."
             | 
             | I'm guessing zero... but because it's a study on empathy,
             | it's totally a-ok to say "i don't know a thing about this,
             | but since its not a problem for me, it shouldn't be a
             | problem for you"
        
             | nonrandomstring wrote:
             | From TFA;
             | 
             | "While anger makes us certain in our righteous indignation,
             | anxiety, and surprise make us unsure of what's going on and
             | what will happen next. And when we feel uncertain, we tend
             | to fall back on what we know to be true -- namely, our own
             | perspectives and feelings"
        
             | enw wrote:
        
               | that_other_one wrote:
        
           | SpodGaju wrote:
           | > Don't numb it, master it and let it lead under control.
           | Empathy is an incredible virtue, but it must be disciplined.
           | 
           | Disciplined empathy is no longer empathy. And it is no longer
           | virtuous. You are close to understanding, but keep going.
           | 
           | Giving birth and nourishing, making without possessing,
           | expecting nothing in return. To grow, yet not to control:
           | This is the mysterious virtue.
           | 
           | Chapter 10, Dao De Ching
        
             | joshyeager wrote:
             | Rather than saying "You are close to understanding, but
             | keep going", it would be more helpful to explain why you
             | think that disciplined empathy is no longer empathy.
             | 
             | I agree with the previous poster, but I'm curious to learn
             | what you mean.
        
               | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
               | Being vague as all get out is really on brand for advice
               | from the Dao De Ching.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | SpodGaju wrote:
               | The vagueness of the Dao De Ching is not in the book, it
               | is in reader.
               | 
               | It is not myself that creates the Dao, but I can thank
               | you for creating the Dao!
               | 
               | When a superior person hears of the Tao, She diligently
               | puts it into practice. When an average person hears of
               | the Tao, he believes half of it, and doubts the other
               | half. When a foolish person hears of the Tao, he laughs
               | out loud at the very idea. If he didn't laugh, it
               | wouldn't be the Tao.
        
               | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
               | While I can appreciate a well crafted burn as much as the
               | next guy, that was really taking the long way around.
        
               | SpodGaju wrote:
               | Not a burn, it was effortless empathy. :)
        
               | 1tao wrote:
               | Self is realized through selflessness :)
        
               | SpodGaju wrote:
               | Thank you!
               | 
               | We have domesticated wolves so much that we call them
               | dogs now. So we could actually call dogs "disciplined
               | wolves", yes?
               | 
               | Like a "wolf" behaves differently than a "discipline
               | wolf", "empathy" will express differently than
               | "disciplined empathy". It is inauthentic.
               | 
               | You cannot change something and say it is the same thing.
               | 
               | Did that help?
               | 
               | If you are interesting, Chuang Tzu, a Daoist sage, had a
               | lot to say about this.
               | 
               | http://nothingistic.org/library/chuangtzu/chuang23.html
        
               | cgriswald wrote:
               | A wolf behaves differently than another wolf. Yet they
               | are both wolves. Even the same wolf expresses differently
               | in different contexts or in arbitrarily similar contexts
               | at different times. Yet he never stops being a wolf. Even
               | a wolf in a cage is a wolf.
               | 
               | To say otherwise is to say there is no such thing as wolf
               | or that there is a single platonic wolf and all other
               | wolves are inauthentic. Either of these may be true, but
               | I doubt there is much practical advice in this idea for
               | learning to deal with a lack of boundaries created by
               | empathetic confusion.
        
               | SpodGaju wrote:
               | > To say otherwise is to say there is no such thing as
               | wolf
               | 
               | I am not saying otherwise. There is no such thing as a
               | wolf.
               | 
               | Yet there is.
               | 
               | Our language is a tool we use to categorize an infinite
               | reality. Like you said, there are an infinite amount of
               | wolves, but we reduce them using language. There is
               | nothing wrong with this until we start thinking our
               | language is the reality.
               | 
               | So where is the border between wolf and dog? If A wolf is
               | nice too a human do we suddenly call it a dog? Does not
               | the very distinction of a wolf and a dog rely, not on the
               | species, but on the human? Does a dog think still think
               | it is a wolf? Is a dog just a wolf that tricks us so it
               | can get free food and shelter?
               | 
               | We do the same thing with empathy. By defining it with
               | language we reduce it and confine it which it cannot be
               | reduced or confined. Like everything else, empathy is
               | infinite and unlimited in its expression.
        
           | ameminator wrote:
           | I really don't sympathize with your viewpoint. Lots of
           | research shows that it's _hard_ to go against your natural
           | state. You only have so much willpower - for most people it
           | 's a finite resource.
           | 
           | In that context, your comment reads "Why don't you just
           | _decide_ to be better? ". Do you think that the original
           | commenter _wanted_ to be this way? That it was a deliberate
           | choice? Do you think it 's that easy to change right now? I
           | won't go on, but your comment came off as condescending -
           | whatever your intentions are.
        
             | thirdwhrldPzz wrote:
        
             | RobRivera wrote:
             | it is a finite resource which is why meditation and
             | training is required for mastery.
             | 
             | people are capable of deciding to be better when they've
             | the faculties and depth of experience and wisdom. Ever
             | manage to troubleshoot a faulty canopy mid fall, or make a
             | decision to cut the main and deploy the reserve parachute?
             | you dont get to that mode of operation overnight.
        
               | HWR_14 wrote:
               | You're talking about skills, not willpower. Every study
               | I've seen suggests that willpower is not trainable. Maybe
               | it is, that would be great.
               | 
               | Note, that you can train altruistic and empathetic
               | appearing behaviors. So yes, even though you're all
               | starving, the men eat first. Yes, you are going to risk
               | your life doing X. Yes, you are going to tell everyone
               | its okay and appear calm even while you're panicking.
        
           | treeman79 wrote:
           | Good sentiment. But when your being hurt emotionally and
           | physically most days. Numbness becomes your only real
           | defense.
        
             | nonrandomstring wrote:
             | > Good sentiment. But when your being hurt emotionally and
             | physically most days. Numbness becomes your only real
             | defense.
             | 
             | What you are alluding to sounds like abuse. As you can see
             | in this thread I am being chastised for offering
             | unsolicited, condescending advice about things I know
             | nothing about - as if the vicarious snipers knew anything
             | about my experiences or expertise, and as if my tone was
             | out of place here.
             | 
             | If your comment pertains to yourself I'd heartily recommend
             | you read [1][2] below. People are using the word "numb".
             | That could mean a lot of things, drugs, alcohol, or other
             | indulgences. But there are specific dangers with the coping
             | behaviour that clinicians call "dissociation". I wish you
             | well.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.survivingmypast.net/dissociation-
             | protective-as-a...
             | 
             | [2] https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-savvy-
             | psychologi...
        
           | jlokier wrote:
           | > you to retain dignity, self-sacrifice, and thinking about
           | _them_ more than ever
           | 
           | > That's precisely the time when you need to dig deep and let
           | _reason_ take the lead
           | 
           | I would say when self-sacrifice, thinking of others first is
           | what's called for, that's actually empathy leading, at its
           | most high-functioning.
           | 
           | Empathy is taking the lead, but it's somehow a deeper kind,
           | qualitatively distinct from day to day sympathy and
           | personality. Sometimes a person you thought was rather
           | heartless day to day, turns out to care for their buddies in
           | such a moment, and you don't forget their actions.
           | 
           | Of course it is empathy in concert with reason. Reason,
           | intuition, skill, knowledge - and that measured mind - are
           | all required in difficult situations, but without empathy
           | would often lead to self-preservation mode.
           | 
           | > deep down they are actually masters of the empathy they've
           | carefully hidden.
           | 
           | I like this. Yeah, that's what I mean.
        
             | laurent92 wrote:
             | > you thought was rather heartless day to day
             | 
             | It's the generalization that is wrong. People are not
             | permanently one way. They fluctuate. They are infatuated at
             | 20, struggling for money at 30, tired at 40, getting things
             | in the correct order at 50, disconnected at 60... They make
             | different conclusions about life. They may save a kid at 30
             | and not when they themselves have a family. Or the
             | opposite. Generalization is erroneous.
        
         | TameAntelope wrote:
         | > the boundaries between their own self and the thoughts and
         | feelings of others.
         | 
         | The _perceived_ thoughts and feelings of others, and that 's
         | critical. You don't know the minds of the people around you,
         | and presuming some kind of negative experience on the part of
         | others is not often accurate.
         | 
         | The problem with empathy would be if you presume everyone to be
         | having a bad time when it seems like, to you, they should be
         | having a bad time.
         | 
         | IMO, that's actually arrogant, to think you can accurately know
         | what someone else is thinking and feeling. Perhaps part of your
         | struggle is this unidentified arrogance that you know the minds
         | of others.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | flatuencer wrote:
           | You _can_ get a fairly accurate sense of how people are
           | feeling or what they are thinking, and some people are better
           | at this than others. Call it intuition, body language, or
           | whatever else, it doesn't inherently make it arrogance. Being
           | mindful of how you could be incorrect in what, at the end of
           | the day, are assumptions that require confirmation, is
           | important; without this is where the true arrogance lies.
        
             | TameAntelope wrote:
             | I think assuming how people feel and what people are
             | thinking without asking them, giving them agency, is nearly
             | the very pinnacle of arrogance. further, this can be some
             | of the most damaging behavior you participate in on a daily
             | basis, both to you and to the person you do it to.
             | 
             | I cannot overstate how toxic to your relationships and to
             | yourself this behavior is. You _need_ to let people express
             | themselves, and listen when they do. That 's about as close
             | to a "prime directive" I can think of right now, when it
             | comes to human interaction.
        
         | natvod wrote:
         | You might find the research about sensory processing
         | sensitivity interesting.
         | 
         | "Theory and research suggest that sensory processing
         | sensitivity (SPS), found in roughly 20% of humans and over 100
         | other species, is a trait associated with greater sensitivity
         | and responsiveness to the environment and to social stimuli.
         | Self-report studies have shown that high-SPS individuals are
         | strongly affected by others' moods, but no previous study has
         | examined neural systems engaged in response to others'
         | emotions."
         | 
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4086365/
        
         | supertofu wrote:
         | Empathy, also called compassion or karuna in Buddhism, is one
         | of the most sublime mental states that exist. The trick is to
         | learn how to experience compassion without also wounding
         | yourself. This is what Buddhist practice teaches you how to do.
        
           | white_dragon88 wrote:
           | Basically don't be a schmuck. Common sense should dictate
           | one's practice well.
        
             | supertofu wrote:
             | I don't understand your response. It's very common for
             | empathetic people to feel great suffering. It's not "common
             | sense" knowledge to learn how to maintain deep compassion
             | while preventing the pain from affecting your own being. In
             | fact, most highly empathetic people, like OP, feel burdened
             | by this emotional state because the untrained person
             | experiences compassion as double suffering (the suffering
             | of the object of compassion and the suffering to oneself
             | that comes from untrained empathy). The result is that
             | highly empathetic people try to numb out or attempt to
             | restrict their capacity for empathy.
             | 
             | The early Buddhist texts (the canonical suttas) describe
             | meditations and trainings to develop this skill. The reason
             | the suttas devote so much time to explaining these
             | techniques is because they are NOT common knowledge.
             | 
             | The etymology of compassion means "suffering with". It's
             | baked into the word (in English) the assumption that
             | compassion involves suffering for both parties.
             | 
             | In Buddhism, we learn that compassion doesn't have to
             | create suffering for the holder of compassion. We learn
             | that it's possible to dwell in the state of compassion as a
             | way of moving out of suffering, rather than moving into it.
        
             | smordistan wrote:
             | Dostoyevsky's The Idiot comes to mind.
        
             | ganzuul wrote:
             | People made a religion out of turning others into schmucks
             | with the dual whammy of sorrow and shame. The only correct
             | use of sorrow is to attain stillness when someone uses
             | humor to deflect emotions, but that doesn't keep a priest
             | gainfully employed.
        
         | mountainriver wrote:
         | Feel the same way as you, and I had to withdrawal as a child
         | and now have mental disorders in the spectrum of schizophrenia.
         | So anecdotally, I imagine that's correct.
         | 
         | The loss of boundaries thing is very real, I know there are
         | some upsides to it but most days it's hard to not feel like a
         | curse
        
           | datavirtue wrote:
           | Cool. Now I know the name of my personality disorder. This
           | whole time I thought I was normal.
        
           | catchclose8919 wrote:
           | Just FYI "schizoid personality +/- disorder" has absolutely
           | nothing to do with (the spectrum of) schizophrenia, they're
           | about different things on different systems on different axes
           | etc.
           | 
           | And yeah, _psychologist REALLY suck at naming things!_
           | 
           | And one of the reason to avoid ever discussing about
           | "schizoid personality" with people who aren't trained
           | psychologists since they're 90% likely to think you're
           | talking about the wrong thing :|
        
             | krageon wrote:
             | There is a schizoid spectrum, which what people call
             | "Schizophrenia" falls on. They do suck at naming things,
             | that's a pretty fair point.
        
             | Der_Einzige wrote:
             | "schizoid" is just another word for "person with avoidant
             | personality disorder"
        
               | Trasmatta wrote:
               | APD and SPD are not the same thing.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | peakaboo wrote:
         | You shouldn't numb it, that's crazy.
         | 
         | The best people on this planet care about others. The worst
         | turn into Putin.
        
           | Trasmatta wrote:
           | Numbing it was never a conscious choice, and it's not like I
           | even noticed it happening while it did. It was a learned
           | response to significant pain over years / decades, without
           | having a support network to help deal with it in a healthy
           | way. This is one of the theorized ways schizoid personality
           | disorder presents itself, and it's not a conscious choice
           | that people make. And it's not just a switch I can turn on
           | and off at will, it's much more complex than that.
        
         | pfisherman wrote:
         | > It seems in many cases to be correlated with anxiety and
         | depression.
         | 
         | So is intelligence. However on the balance intelligence is a
         | pretty significant advantage.
         | 
         | Empathy can be a super power for those who are able to control
         | it - one that can be used for good or evil. Think high EQ,
         | natural political instincts, very persuasive, ability to push
         | emotional states onto people.
         | 
         | The hypersensitivity you mention is the flip side of that coin.
         | 
         | SPD and paranoia is more like seeing patterns in the noise. I
         | think pattern matching is a big component of empathy, but I do
         | think you can have highly sensitive pattern matching facility
         | that does not translate across domains.
        
           | Trasmatta wrote:
           | I think a big part of it is having a supportive and
           | understanding environment growing up that helps you foster
           | the empathy in a healthy way, while teaching you to build and
           | maintain your own self boundaries at the same time.
           | 
           | If you didn't have that, it can be very difficult to change
           | it as an adult.
        
             | pfisherman wrote:
             | Well life is a struggle for all of us, no?
             | 
             | Many traits that are seen as desirable can wreak havoc on
             | the lives of those who possess them. We envy those traits
             | when we see them in others because we do not have access to
             | their visceral experience, and lack awareness of their
             | inner turmoil and struggles.
             | 
             | I think it important for all of us to extend ourselves
             | grace. Living ain't easy and we are often doing better at
             | it than we think :)
        
           | rafaelero wrote:
           | Intelligence is not positively correlated with anxiety.
           | That's just a meme.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | A different way to think about it: if you play soccer (or any
         | game) with too much empathy, you will make own goal after own
         | goal to please your opponent. Nobody wants that, of course, so
         | in reality you're not being empathic enough.
         | 
         | Being too empathic has different problems if it also makes you
         | shy. Shy people are scary, because people can't read you. It is
         | important to internalize this. Again, this makes shyness not
         | just your problem: it's their problem too. So you have to be
         | more empathic about it.
        
         | fendy3002 wrote:
         | Yeah, I was stressed out when I accidentally make other people
         | mad. Now I just apologize and move on, if they're having
         | meltdown I just assume they're assholes and move on.
         | 
         | Especially true when driving.
        
           | mikepurvis wrote:
           | It's really a balance-- you can do your best to do right by
           | other people, to do what they're asking of you and behave in
           | prosocial ways, but any therapist will tell you that
           | ultimately other people's feelings are their responsibility
           | to manage and work through, and not yours.
           | 
           | Traditional CBT says this is even the case in romantic
           | relationships, though EFT is a bit more nuanced on this--
           | you're not directly _responsible_ for your partner 's
           | feelings and emotions (you don't owe them an apology when you
           | cheat on them in their dream), but understanding their
           | emotions is an _opportunity_ to be a better and more
           | supportive partner, which can be massively enriching to the
           | relationship if both parties are fully committed to doing the
           | work and have the language to communicate effectively about
           | it.
        
         | bongoman37 wrote:
         | I can empathize with this :), high empathy is almost always a
         | curse and gets taken advantage of. I've also numbed out over
         | the years but its not ideal either. I've been accused of being
         | sociopathic at times simply because empathy is not a knob one
         | can tune and sometimes the only option is off rather than an
         | on, because being empathetic would mean losing boundaries.
        
         | kenjackson wrote:
         | I was like you in being extremely empathetic. What had helped
         | me is to focus on longer term outcomes for people rather than
         | short term. That really gave my empathy more perspective and
         | allowed me to see that the "hard" thing that may not seem as
         | empathetic today is the right thing for the people involved in
         | the future.
         | 
         | Admittedly, this might just be me creating a mechanism to cope,
         | but it seems to be effective.
        
       | seltzered_ wrote:
       | It might be worth reading this alongside:
       | 
       | "Does altruism exist?" by David Sloan Wilsom:
       | https://www.amazon.com/Does-Altruism-Exist-Foundational-Ques...
       | 
       | "The evolution of trust" by Nicky case : https://ncase.me/trust/
        
       | cletus wrote:
        
         | brimble wrote:
         | > My experience in Australia is that there are basic standards
         | of decency that can be expected. This is not the case in the
         | US.
         | 
         | This varies, perhaps regionally but definitely from individual
         | to individual. I can assure you that some of us in America grew
         | up learning to be more like how you characterize Australians,
         | and totally bought into that, only to be _rudely_ awakened by
         | the actual reality in much of this country. The shock took me
         | about a decade of adulthood to really start to get over.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | floor2 wrote:
         | That's just plain old-fashioned bigotry. Literally every
         | culture on Earth has had some form of "never trust a <blank>"
         | where the blank was whatever race, religion, nationality,
         | tribe, ethnicity, etc was their neighbor or rival.
         | 
         | Most people would treat it as a shameful thing from a bygone
         | era if they had a grandparent tell them "never trust a
         | <whatever>", it's quite unfortunate that you seem to agree with
         | this sort of nationalistic bias and bigotry.
         | 
         | Also, the US spends over a trillion dollars per year on the
         | safety net. The federal budget for giving food to low-income
         | people is $60 Billion per year, medicaid (free health insurance
         | for non-working people) is $670 Billion per year, $51 Billion
         | on housing assistance. There is also unemployment benefits if
         | you're laid off, and you can keep the health insurance from
         | your former employer or switch to a plan from healthcare.gov
         | (which will be subsidized by tax payers if you can't afford to
         | pay the premium). It's not a perfect system, but it's
         | ridiculous to pretend there is "no safety net" when there is in
         | fact an incomprehensibly large safety net.
        
         | goodpoint wrote:
         | The backlash you are getting only proves the point :-/
        
         | shakezula wrote:
         | > My experience in Australia is that there are basic standards
         | of decency that can be expected. This is not the case in the
         | US.
         | 
         | "The place i like is good and the other place is bad and
         | untrustworthy"
         | 
         | Oh come on. We have to be and _can_ better than this type of
         | emotional appeal and generalization.
        
         | anonfornoreason wrote:
         | Interesting. I tend to put a high amount of trust in people and
         | have rarely been let down. The cases where I was let down were
         | exclusively with drug users earlier in my life, a very
         | predictable outcome in hindsight. I don't think the advice you
         | were given was good.
        
         | fleddr wrote:
         | Fargo season 4 has a scene where this Italian mobster goes...
         | 
         | "I think I'm finally starting to understand this country. You
         | say one thing, yet do the complete opposite".
         | 
         | It's a bulls-eye for me. Americans are fake, not genuine,
         | dramatic/hysterical and hypocritical like no other culture I've
         | ever seen.
         | 
         | They also have quite a few positive traits. And any other
         | culture you pick, including mine, too has negatives and
         | positives. It's not a contest but we should be able to reason
         | about it. It's fair game.
        
         | vdnkh wrote:
         | This is a hilarious/sad generalization of a country of ~330
         | million people masquerading as an investigation into stress. I
         | get the impression that you started with the point you wanted
         | to make - "never trust an American" - and then stumbled
         | backwards from there into a very rigorous exploration of the
         | the cause and effect of stress.
        
       | dukeofdoom wrote:
       | Psychologist measured that people differ by personality, and can
       | be roughly grouped into 16 categories based on traits. I used to
       | think everyone was more or less the same. I'm not sure if 16 is
       | the correct number. But my understanding of the world has been
       | helped by the concept that there are people that do and act in
       | particular patterns. For example some of the battles on twitter
       | that are going on, are just extensions of these personality
       | clashes.
        
         | chrisweekly wrote:
         | It may be helpful to categorize _behaviors_, but I want to
         | emphasize that for a given individual, personality isn't
         | permanent.
        
         | robluxus wrote:
         | Are you by chance referring to the 16 Meyers-Briggs types?
         | 
         | It's been claimed that it's less useful than it is popular:
         | https://rationalwiki.org/wiki/Myers-Briggs_Type_Indicator
        
           | dukeofdoom wrote:
           | Yes I was. But I'm also aware of the Big 5 personality
           | traits. Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion,
           | Neuroticism and Agreeableness. Which people seem to
           | statistically group with some low or high mix of these
           | traits.
           | 
           | Knowing that someone is more neurotic than 99% of other
           | people, would seem on surface be useful in predicting how
           | they might react to new or novel situations.
        
           | cassepipe wrote:
           | I am myself very wary of this kind of personality tests but
           | the case has been made in an interesting article that I can't
           | seem to find that it is a form of "syntactic sugar" for the
           | (apparently?) more established Big Five model. Anyways, I
           | think OP's conclusion that it is eye opening that people have
           | their own emotional structure/pattern of behavior from how
           | they grew up and that you can find resembling patterns in
           | different people quite reasonable.
        
           | jimmyjazz14 wrote:
           | Yeah I don't think Meyer-Briggs has much standing these days.
        
       | dash2 wrote:
       | Why does stress make more empathetic people less kind, but has
       | little effect on others? We believe this is due to a set of
       | linked phenomena. The first is _publish or perish_. When a
       | researcher needs a publication, his or her cortisol levels
       | increase. This reduces the researcher 's ability to empathize
       | with the victims of useless scientific results, or their own
       | future self when their work turns out to be a dead end. A second
       | cause is the _garden of forking paths_. When a main effect fails
       | to reach significance, it is all too easy to find an interaction
       | or sample subset where it is significant. For example, if stress
       | didn 't affect charitable donations, you can always check the
       | result among high-empathy people, or women, or nursing students.
       | These root causes come together in _p hacking_ , where desperate
       | researchers kid themselves that they always meant to run that
       | particular interaction, and absurdly pretend that their p values
       | and careers have some meaning...
       | 
       | [Not TFA, obviously, but I wouldn't be surprised.]
        
         | cassepipe wrote:
         | The science behind it may be bogus but it did lead to an
         | interesting discussion about empathy and self boundaries.
        
       | nickpinkston wrote:
       | This reminds me of Ronald Inglehart's work [1] on "Material" and
       | "Post-Material" values and their relation to wealth / stability -
       | ie high amounts of the latter are causal to Post-Material values,
       | which would include charitable giving, tolerance, etc.
       | 
       | Using his World Values Survey [2], surveying individual values
       | across 100 countries from 1981-today, he showed across all major
       | cultures that you can see how several generations of stability
       | (both income and sociopolitical) are required to get to post-
       | material values, ie you don't get rich and change your values,
       | they crystalize in your early/mid 20's, so you need to feel good
       | until then and not experience trauma after to maintain those
       | values.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald_Inglehart#Cultural_Evol...
       | 
       | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Values_Survey
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | yboris wrote:
       | A bit off-topic, but any discussion of altruism these days I
       | bring up _effective altruism_ - a movement of people focusing on
       | _effective_ ways of helping as much as possible (within any
       | specific area, and focusing on finding the most-important areas
       | of focus). These individuals (myself included) often give at
       | least 10% of their income (see https://www.givingwhatwecan.org/).
       | I really hope more people join in on the global movement:
       | 
       | https://www.effectivealtruism.org/
        
       | kayodelycaon wrote:
       | The title would be better phrased as a question, because this is
       | a single study with the observation that...
       | 
       | If you have less empathy to start with, the less stress affects
       | how much empathy you have. This is apparently this is a
       | significantly higher delta than expected, because the control
       | group didn't appear to change in any significant way.
        
       | SpodGaju wrote:
       | "Stress Makes the Most Empathetic People Less Kind" when others
       | do not help them relieve their stress.
       | 
       | Acting out when under stress is a call for help.
       | 
       | Please do not go around controlling yourself, it only prevents
       | change for the better, as they implied in the article;
       | 
       | "But it helps to have scientific evidence to bolster the case for
       | public and workplace policies that might make our lives less
       | stressful -- and thus, we hope, more compassionate."
       | 
       | We do not need better people, we need a better society.
        
       | jasfi wrote:
       | Cortisol can be very destructive. A lot of people are either
       | unaware of high stress levels, or don't do anything meaningful to
       | bring those levels down. I've been taking Ashwagandha and it
       | works really well.
        
       | unglaublich wrote:
       | https://www.tylervigen.com/spurious-correlations
        
       | layer8 wrote:
       | Regarding empathy, there's also an argument that it tends to be
       | significantly biased, and that rational compassion is preferable
       | for decision-making:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Against_Empathy
        
         | loa_in_ wrote:
         | Decision making when? In what conditions? Do those conditions
         | ever change?
        
           | layer8 wrote:
           | When making decisions on moral grounds, and regarding
           | altruistic actions. For example, seeing a picture of a single
           | child suffer tends to induce relatively more empathy than
           | seeing a picture of a whole family or town suffer. (That's
           | why you predominantly see the former in charity ads.) With
           | rational compassion, it would be rather the converse. Having
           | empathy with a group one is close to (in thought/space/time)
           | also tends to make people more willing to inflict harm on a
           | group that is more removed from them, while rational
           | compassion would try to avoid such a subjective bias.
        
       | n4r9 wrote:
       | Regardless of whether the methods are queationable, the results
       | are consistent with other studies I've come across on the topic
       | of how stress affects empathy and compassion:
       | 
       | https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/how_anxiety_re...
       | 
       | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240584402...
       | 
       | This is of particular interest to me as I find that I very easily
       | become wrapped up in a sort of protective self-absorption when I
       | get stressed or criticised, making it sometimes impossible to
       | empathize or conduct proper conversations. This in turn has a
       | very negative affect on relationships.
       | 
       | If you're in a similar boat, you might find the practise of
       | compassion-focused mindfulness useful.
       | 
       | https://psychcentral.com/blog/the-practice-of-self-compassio...
       | 
       | The idea is similar to CBT, but with an emphasis on mindfulness
       | and compassion towards oneself and others. I've learned that the
       | "oneself" bit is extremely important. Until you can accept and be
       | gentle on yourself, with all your flaws, you will struggle to be
       | vulnerable around others and thereby cultivate genuine
       | connections.
        
       | srcreigh wrote:
       | > To reach this conclusion, researchers asked the participants to
       | make donations before they were asked to undertake a stressful
       | task; they were asked to donate things again after the task was
       | over. While people who were found to have high empathy donated
       | more than the others did before undergoing the stressful task,
       | their charitability declined sharply afterward.
       | 
       | Isn't asking for 2 unexpected donations in short succession a
       | major confounding factor?
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | Agree. The study asked for 2 things from one group and 1 thing
         | from another group and is trying to suggest that we should
         | ignore the first ask.
         | 
         | The authors are also abusing cortisol measurements to imply
         | cortisol is something specific for bad stress when it's not
         | really that. Cortisol isn't really a "bad" hormone like a lot
         | of people believe. If you have too little cortisol you'll feel
         | terrible. Even fun activities will raise cortisol levels.
         | Taking synthetic cortisol analogs often makes people feel good
         | (for a very short while, chronic use will quickly downregulate
         | this effect and requires slow tapering, don't do it unless
         | medically necessary).
         | 
         | This study seems like junk science.
        
         | xcyu wrote:
         | Depends on if the study tried to control for this by also
         | testing 2 more groups with single donation before/after the
         | stressful task. Can't access the original paper to confirm
         | though.
        
       | exdsq wrote:
       | Holy shit there's some serious voodoo waffle in these comments!
        
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