[HN Gopher] 5G Skeptic
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       5G Skeptic
        
       Author : zdw
       Score  : 150 points
       Date   : 2022-03-27 16:22 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.tbray.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.tbray.org)
        
       | setgree wrote:
       | Anecdote that Tim is asking for: I upgraded from an iPhone 2020
       | SE to an iPhone 12 and suddenly it was easier to use the BlueBike
       | app in New Orleans. With just LTE or whatever it's called,
       | sometimes the app wouldn't connect at all and so i couldn't park
       | my bike.
        
       | darthrupert wrote:
       | For me 5G has been absolutely wonderful. It made my connection at
       | home about 2x faster than whatever we have at the city office.
       | And about 50x faster than what I had at home before. Also much
       | more stable latencies.
        
         | chimeracoder wrote:
         | > For me 5G has been absolutely wonderful. It made my
         | connection at home about 2x faster than whatever we have at the
         | city office. And about 50x faster than what I had at home
         | before. Also much more stable latencies.
         | 
         | But why are you using 5G at home in the first place? Where are
         | you that 5G actually outperforms your wired connection
         | (accessed through WiFi)?
        
           | tyrfing wrote:
           | It's cheaper than fiber internet here. Costs less for the
           | same bandwidth, without a contract and without data caps -
           | unlike the wired option. Assuming the latency is usable,
           | unlike 4G, it's starting to be a very competitive option. If
           | you're stuck with 12mbps copper like some areas, it's a very
           | obvious choice.
        
         | novok wrote:
         | You must have some pretty crappy wired ISPs
        
           | darthrupert wrote:
           | Perhaps. There was some indication that the wiring in our
           | house caused some trouble for our previous VDSL.
           | 
           | But even if it had worked at advertised speeds, 5G would have
           | given me roughly double the speed. As it was, 5G gave us
           | about 50x better and stable connection. Only fiber directly
           | to our house could top that, but unfortunately that's not
           | available here yet. Plus costly.
        
       | eyelidlessness wrote:
       | Interestingly (to me), I just turned 5G off on my phone
       | yesterday. I've had weird connectivity issues ever since I got
       | this phone, even when I see "5GUC" ("ultra capacity"). Out of
       | idle curiosity I wondered if LTE might be less spotty. So far it
       | mostly has been! But ironically it cut out in the course of
       | writing this comment, while looking up "5GUC" to confirm I
       | remembered what it meant.
        
       | secondcoming wrote:
       | I bought a 5G-capable router because I was moving house during
       | covid and couldn't afford to wait potentially weeks for fibre to
       | be turned on.
       | 
       | It was only supposed to be temporary but it's so good I never
       | bothered getting fibre. While latencies are worse than fibre I
       | can still play Battlefield V on it, and I spend most days ssh'd
       | into GCP machines in various regions.
       | 
       | I can take the router anywhere, and use any network provider I
       | want.
        
       | ugjka wrote:
       | Most of the coverage is going to be 800/700/600 Mhz stuff that
       | will have the same problem of peak hours congestion as LTE. The
       | 5G pipedream is based on an assumption that telcos could possibly
       | afford to litter every inhabited place with shitload of HF base
       | stations
        
         | BenjiWiebe wrote:
         | By the way, HF _does_ stand for high frequency, but it 's
         | actually the 3 to 30Mhz band.
         | 
         | 5G mmWave would be the SHF and low EHF bands. (Super
         | high/extremely high)
        
         | giantrobot wrote:
         | 5G also provides better spacial efficiency over LTE besides the
         | spectral efficiency. So even without a forest of towers it'll
         | provide better peak congestion performance than LTE. At the
         | same time microcells/nanocells are more practical with 5G
         | allowing companies to increase capacity in especially high
         | traffic areas. For instance a couple high-band cells in popular
         | public spaces. With LTE the only equivalent option was a lower
         | _power_ microcell that affected and was affected by nearby full
         | sized cells.
         | 
         | There's plenty of marketing dreck and hype around 5G but
         | there's also a lot of good engineering and real capability
         | improvements over previous cellular systems.
        
       | SkeuomorphicBee wrote:
       | One thing I never understood is why it is called "5G" (and not
       | just LTE++)? All the previous "Generations" were pretty big
       | technological leaps in the physical layer, each G was a
       | completely different beast using a completely different physical
       | layer, but from what I gather, "5G" is just LTE with some added
       | frequency bands, bigger QAM, more MIMO, etc (just like LTE to
       | LTE+ added, nothing generational). So, just "before we used to
       | divide this thing into 64 parts and now we divide into 256 so we
       | have 4x the bandwith", nothing that couldn't be done into LTE++
       | (or LTE+2, or whatever). The only breaking change seem to be the
       | change in the orthogonality of the up-link channel modulation
       | (down-link remains unchanged).
       | 
       | So, can anyone explain to me what is the generational difference
       | between LTE and 5G (not simply more frequencies and tighter
       | parameters)?
        
         | Sakos wrote:
         | 5G isn't LTE. It's NR. I'm not sure what the point of
         | questioning the terminology is.
        
       | seltzered_ wrote:
       | I have the same sentiment of 5G working better for tethering+zoom
       | calls as
       | https://www.tbray.org/ongoing/When/202x/2022/03/26/-big/cons... -
       | it's noticeable as with my current provider/place I currently
       | have to position my phone in the right area of the house to get
       | 5G.
       | 
       | I'm not on ultrawideband 5G or anything, but it's worth noting
       | that I hardly did video calls before the pandemic and was fairly
       | 5G skeptical before. I later realized video call's value not for
       | dayjob work but for fictive kinship interest groups and study
       | groups going past 'doing conversation' or 'feel-good
       | conversation' but more into support and 'depth conversation'.
       | 
       | I could get by on doing this with a wired internet connection or
       | by doing zoom on the phone (where I think cellular bandwidth QoS
       | prioritization comes into play and Zoom will still work over
       | LTE), but staving off yet another thing to pay for has been nice.
        
       | temptemptemp111 wrote:
        
       | killjoywashere wrote:
       | My fundamental issue with any wireless solution for home internet
       | is that ... I have a home. It's not going anywhere. Even with a
       | 9.x earthquake a la Fukushima, the average probability is that
       | it's not moving much in the next 100 years. It's got copper, most
       | of it is for power and pipes. Seems pretty trivial to run a tiny
       | bit more for data. Zero probability that a common atmospheric bus
       | serving the entire area (1) is going to guarantee me as much
       | bandwidth as I can get over that wire. Why engineer freespace
       | optics when a few pounds of circa 1950 oxygen-free copper will
       | do?
       | 
       | (1) area in this case is another definitional headache all it's
       | own, driven by power and wavelength.
        
       | erikerikson wrote:
       | Reminds me of...
       | 
       | "Who needs faster CPU cycles?"
       | 
       | and
       | 
       | "Who needs that many pixels?"
       | 
       | I'd suggest the question should be something like "What does the
       | lifting of those constraints enable?" or "What businesses will
       | this make possible?"
        
       | dwaite wrote:
       | The author went the entire article without actually defining what
       | 5G is. If he had, it would have made some of the discussion
       | points more obviously moot.
       | 
       | 4th generation has limits on total devices, power utilization,
       | bandwidth, latency and coverage that 5th generation improves
       | upon.
       | 
       | Carriers are the ones who want to move to 5G - they are clubbing
       | phone manufacturers to do so, and then both are marketing it so
       | people buy into the new infrastructure.
       | 
       | You'll see other groups (smart cities, autonomous vehicles and
       | private IoT deployments) with technical need. In the US, we saw
       | T-Mobile push for lower frequency usage at the start to improve
       | their rural coverage, while their Sprint side pushed for more of
       | the bandwidth-improving urban coverage. The article has several
       | quotes from people who are using 5G for cheaper last mile for
       | home internet - this could be a mobile hotspot or an antenna
       | installation. This will provide more competition for internet
       | service in areas that have had effective monopolies on broadband.
       | 
       | The towers and frequencies are being switched over to 5G, with
       | emulation for handling older technologies. I would expect as the
       | networks start to go past the capabilities of LTE, there will be
       | congestion controls which will give LTE customers less bandwidth
       | or lower quality of service at times.
        
         | entropie wrote:
         | > The author went the entire article without actually defining
         | what 5G is
         | 
         | Iam pretty sure they actually dont know.
         | 
         | > Is 5G a cheaper or better way to do that? I don't know, but
         | it doesn't sound crazy.
         | 
         | > The phone calls what it sees "LTE+" (I don't claim to
         | understand what that means)
         | 
         | This is a guy who asks their twitter audience and wonders why
         | there is no explicit answer.
        
           | oh_sigh wrote:
           | It seems like hubris. I see it a lot in very senior
           | engineers. Basically, the belief that "I have all the
           | information in my head to answer any tech question". The blog
           | post would have been much better if he spent 30 minutes less
           | on twitter, and 30 minutes more on familiarizing himself with
           | the problem space.
           | 
           | Announcing you're a skeptic about something, and then having
           | your analysis filled with knowledge gaps isn't a great look.
        
       | superkuh wrote:
       | In terms of increased thoroughput, hz for hz, compared to 4G LTE,
       | 5G NR can send about 15-20% more data. That's not a huge
       | improvement compared to past increases of multiple hundreds of
       | percent (3G-4G). Because of this most increases in thoroughput
       | have to come from using new frequency ranges. So they telcos
       | pretty much stole half of the 3 GHz C-band from incumbent
       | satellite operators (who were told to "just use h265"). But
       | beyond this there's not much available spectrum that's even just
       | decent like C-band. Most of it is crappy mm-wave.
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | One one hand it is annoying to lose that type of spectrum. On
         | other hand terrestrial can mean smaller cell sizes thus much
         | better utilization rates. Which really is needed if demand
         | continues to increase.
        
         | H8crilA wrote:
         | Yup, there's only 1Mbit/sec for every 1Mhz of radio bandwidth,
         | and this is shared between all users in a given cell. This is
         | also why I don't understand the fascination with Starlink,
         | which makes cells obnoxiously large (the size of a satellite
         | coverage), even Musk himself says it's only for remote areas.
        
           | jlokier wrote:
           | > there's only 1Mbit/sec for every 1Mhz of radio bandwidth
           | 
           | > this is shared between all users in a given cell
           | 
           | Both statements are untrue.
           | 
           | For example, "Wifi 7" 802.11be reaches up to 125 Mbit/s for
           | each 1 MHz of radio bandwidth in perfect conditions, to a
           | single user.
           | 
           | Inside a cell area, multiple users can share the same radio
           | frequencies at the same time using various spatial modulation
           | techniques (typically called beamforming but it doesn't have
           | to be a beam, and might involve 3 or more stations working
           | together).
           | 
           | The theoretical limits scale very differently than common
           | understanding of bandwidth.
        
             | H8crilA wrote:
             | > reaches up to 125 Mbit/s for each 1 MHz of radio
             | bandwidth
             | 
             | I see. What is the theoretical limit of bits/second per
             | hertz of radio bandwidth, if any?
        
           | ac29 wrote:
           | > there's only 1Mbit/sec for every 1Mhz of radio bandwidth
           | 
           | That can't be right, cellular networks have had > 1 bps/hz
           | efficiency for decades.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral_efficiency
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | And why I have wondered how does the math really work out.
           | Fiber and cell tower cost only so much. And outside some
           | mobile cases does areas where this isn't viable have enough
           | customers?
           | 
           | Then again, USA is always an argument where telco seems to
           | have really failed for various reasons. Still, I see no
           | reason why same would apply to Africa or other markets they
           | talk about...
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | The irony is that the main case for 5G is reduced costs for
       | operators.
       | 
       | 4G blew the top off what people thought the Shannon Limit was but
       | at the expense of extreme and expensive coordination between base
       | stations. (If your digital front-ends are sampling at a rate of N
       | Hz and a bit depth of d you need to bring all that data to one
       | place!)
       | 
       | 5G gets better spectral efficiency (serve more customers with
       | expensive spectrum) with a simpler coordination model. (lower
       | capital cost)
       | 
       | Of course since 5G is the new shiny carriers want to charge you
       | more for it but they'd save money if they got you off 4G and onto
       | 5G.
        
         | stjohnswarts wrote:
         | hmmm, i'm paying exactly the same rate I have been paying for
         | years and even took them up on a second business line for free.
         | Your theory isn't panning out for me. Also my 5g experience
         | with t-mobile is that it's between 3-8x as fast as I was
         | getting before on LTE in the areas that I frequent. So I'm not
         | complaining. I mean I WANT my gigabit 5G but I'm okay right now
         | at this pricepoint.
        
         | zw123456 wrote:
         | It most certainly did not do that, neither has 5G for that
         | matter.
         | 
         | The Shannon's Law refers to
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shannon%E2%80%93Hartley_theore...
         | to see the actual formula
         | 
         | the basic principle is that the Capacity C of a comm channel is
         | proportional to the amount of spectrum you have B and the
         | Signal to Interference and Noise ratio (SINR).
         | 
         | So basically, if you want more throughput, you need either more
         | spectrum or more cell sites in order to improve the SINR, you
         | cannot simply continue to crank up the power because then you
         | are increasing the co-channel interference (interfering with
         | other terminals on the wireless network). This is why Spectrum
         | is so expensive, the alternative is to build more cell sites,
         | which is expensive.
         | 
         | 4G LTE did come a lot closer by using OFDMA but they most
         | certainly did not exceed the limit. 5G using mm-wave also did
         | not, it uses phased array antennas to implement beam forming
         | which created space separation, that is, each user gets their
         | own beam and do not have to share it with others, but within
         | that beam, they still are confined to the law C ~ B * SINR
         | 
         | The operators did add a ton of spectrum through various
         | auctions and that plus the new tech is what is driving the
         | tputs up.
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | 3G and prior "cellular" systems were inefficient because they
           | can't reuse the same frequency in adjacent cells. See the
           | diagram here
           | 
           | https://www.geeksforgeeks.org/frequency-reuse/
           | 
           | Here you have 7 different frequencies used in different
           | groups of cells.
           | 
           | In 4G all frequencies can be used in all the cells. If you
           | are between two or three cells you are probably receiving a
           | signal from (and being received by) multiple cells and they
           | are sharing the RF baseband to make it possible. That plus a
           | big bag of tricks let 4G achieve radically better spectral
           | efficiency through "spatial diversity"
        
             | __s wrote:
             | > Here you have 7 different frequencies used in different
             | groups of cells.
             | 
             | You should only need 4 different frequencies:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four_color_theorem
             | 
             | For hexagons you can get by with 3, https://en.wikipedia.or
             | g/wiki/Hexagonal_tiling#Uniform_color...
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | You'd think so but practically the signal bleeds across
               | to second-adjacent cells and a real channel plan needs
               | more than that.
               | 
               | Look at how the 3 WiFi channels in 2.4GHz land is nowhere
               | near sufficient for good spatial diversity and it is even
               | a struggle with the 5GHz channels that aren't gated to
               | avoid interference with radar.
        
               | __s wrote:
               | Indeed. In fact, the link I responded to shows a pattern
               | matching the 7 color 3-uniform distribution I linked to
        
               | p_l wrote:
               | That only works if you have exact edges and that each BTW
               | uses only one base channel (iirc, they mix and match as
               | much as possible)
        
               | zw123456 wrote:
               | Yes, each cell interferes with the next, that is call co-
               | channel interference. That is a major factor that limits
               | the capacity of a cellular network. There are a number of
               | approaches used to manage that, carriers spend a lot of
               | money and employ many engineers designing around that.
               | 
               | SON (Self Optimizing Network) is the latest tech that is
               | being deployed on 4G and 5G to help combat that.
               | 
               | BTW, this is one of the reasons you can get much higher
               | tputs with mm-wave because the beams do not propagate
               | very far which makes keeping co-chan down, that's the
               | good news, the bad news is it doesn't propagate well,
               | which means you need way more nodes.
        
               | kabouseng wrote:
               | It's not a hard stop between cells. You don't have radio
               | signals and then suddenly nothing because of reflections,
               | absorbtions and the very nature of log scale of signal
               | distance drop off..
        
             | zw123456 wrote:
             | 4G also reuses the frequencies in the exact same way, the
             | primary difference between 3G and 4G is that 3G used CDMA
             | and did not have the higher modulation desities, (capped at
             | QPSK) while 4G LTE went up to 64QAM, so more bits per
             | symbol.
             | 
             | 4G did not use spatial separation, that requires
             | beamforming, that is most certainly not deployed in 4G, 4G
             | LTE uses MIMO. Spatial separation is deployed in 5G but
             | only at the mm-wave bands due to the 1/2 wavelength
             | separation required between antenna elements, hence,
             | impractical with longer wavelengths.
        
           | pizza wrote:
           | I am out of my element here but I was under the impression
           | that the capacity of an arbitrary wireless network was still
           | an unsolved problem. (Though I presume what you are referring
           | to is a case that is solvable)
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems_in_i.
           | ..
        
           | tails4e wrote:
           | You need more SNR (power), more BW (spectrum) , or more
           | 'channels'. 5G solves this using the last dimension,
           | channels. Beamforming allows the same spectrum to be reused
           | by allowing for spacial separation, i.e. use the same
           | spectrum 5 times by sending 5 beams to 5 physically sperare
           | locations. MIMO is layered on top of this ans uses multipath
           | effects to offer more bandwidth to a single user by taking
           | advantage of the fact each path is its own channel. No
           | violation of the Shannon limit for sure, but very smart and
           | computationally intensive techniques to skirt around the
           | issues of the single isotropic or sector antenna of old.
        
       | zw123456 wrote:
       | I have 5G at my house, I am served by what the provider calls 5G
       | ultra wide band, which is deployed on mm-wave band (28Ghz) and
       | uses phased array technology to implement beam forming, I
       | generally get about 2Gbps on speed tests, but of course through
       | normal activity you can rarely get that to anything on the public
       | net, but to Azure and AWS I can get peaks on certain applications
       | I am working on. The latency variers because of the DRX and cDRX
       | mechanisms but generally I see about 20 - 30ms on start of a flow
       | and 5 - 6 ms during a flow. It will fall back to mid-band (4Ghz)
       | which uses MIMO instead of beam forming due to the longer
       | wavelengths PAA, is not practical, I get around 600Mbps. It will
       | fall back usually on my mobile device even just moving around in
       | the house but the stationary CPE device I have set up is pretty
       | solid. Of course if you connect via Wifi, which I suspect most
       | people would, then you are probably not going to get those speeds
       | but would depend on all the usual wifi caveats. The service is
       | better than the wired service (from a cableco who is run DOCIS
       | 3.1) that I had before
       | 
       | But nothing I have seen yet is in the 10Gig range.
       | 
       | But TBH, I am not sure how most people would use it anyway, at
       | least not today. Maybe there will be some future use cases but
       | today I am un-convinced that some of the hyped use cases will
       | ever pan out. I have read about things like "Remote Surgery" I
       | cannot see any surgeon getting malpractice insurance to cover
       | that. I have the same skepticism about all the various vehicle
       | anti-collision ideas, it seems to be that DRC (Direct Radio Comm)
       | is the only thing that would make sense, the minute you stick a
       | network behind it you are adding a lot of risk of outages and too
       | much latency, I just don't see where you need more computing
       | power in some MEC (Mobile Edge Cloud) than could be put in a
       | vehicle itself. The only that maybe needs that kind of computing
       | power, throughput and low latency is the AR/VR type application
       | which I think is why people seem to be putting 5G, MEC and
       | Metaverse into the same sentence more often lately. My conclusion
       | is that until there is a killer app, 5G will be perceived as a
       | lot of hype. I do not know if Metaverse will take off or not,
       | time will tell.
        
         | giantrobot wrote:
         | One of the interesting though prosaic uses of 5G is the ability
         | to replace a bunch of bespoke over their air protocols for
         | "smart" devices. These are boring devices like utility meters,
         | SCADA stuff, and all manner of remote monitors.
         | 
         | Since they can just be "5G" devices they can massively benefit
         | from economies of scale. They can also end up _more_ secure
         | than existing devices because they can more easily be on an IP-
         | based VPN on top of network segmentation /encryption 5G
         | provides.
         | 
         | One of the goals of 5G was allowing low power devices to also
         | have a nice low power radio that can benefit from existing
         | public networks. Not having to maintain custom base stations
         | and relays for some custom radio stack makes a lot more remote
         | monitoring projects economically feasible.
        
       | nickdothutton wrote:
       | There are features of the 5G network that will enable carriers to
       | provision certain services more efficiently and cost effectively
       | than they currently can on 4G networks, regardless of whether
       | those services (and business models) have any use the for the
       | potential extra bandwidth available. Now whether the carriers
       | will actually launch such services, and whether there will be
       | take-up of them is another question.
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | Note that their goalpost can always move to "but does it justify
       | the trillion dollar buildout" even in the face of incremental
       | improvements or new use cases
       | 
       | They can calcify their opinions by imagining that they know what
       | a company or ISP needs to do
       | 
       | They've already received many impressions and responses on
       | twitter from their questions about whether 5g has changed
       | anyone's day to day, and did a little survey when working with
       | vendors, and its not likely most people did an empirical analysis
       | on their own day to day to begin with. So it isn't really
       | necessary to add more to that
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | The "Why Not?" section here starts with a disclaimer that the
       | author is personally affected but doesn't actually say how. The
       | points raised boil down to "I have enough speed so I don't see
       | the point". Ok, but that's not a reason why not.
       | 
       | Remember bandwidth isn't just about how much an individual can
       | get but how many people can be serviced within a given area
       | either in total or without subdividing into cells, which then
       | require somewhere to put another tower.
       | 
       | The author didn't raise this but I've seen others who have
       | brought up the nebulous "radiation" argument against 5G. Here's a
       | good litmus test: if someone can't tell you, at a minimum, what
       | "ionizing radiation" is then you can safely ignore everything
       | they say about "radiation".
       | 
       | Here's another: if they can't describe the "radiation" in terms
       | of the radiation exposure from eating a banana, you can also
       | safely ignore them.
        
         | alduin32 wrote:
         | > The author didn't raise this but I've seen others who have
         | brought up the nebulous "radiation" argument against 5G. Here's
         | a good litmus test: if someone can't tell you, at a minimum,
         | what "ionizing radiation" is then you can safely ignore
         | everything they say about "radiation".
         | 
         | I often use that test myself, or some variation thereof,
         | However, it doesn't always work. We often regurgitate knowledge
         | from people that couldn't recite precise definitions. As a
         | matter of fact, I think most of the people around me, as well
         | as myself and, I think, a good part of commenters here,
         | wouldn't be able to properly describe ionizing radiation, but
         | yet wouldn't refrain from commenting on related matters. On top
         | of that, I met quite educated and convincing persons bring up
         | (non-ionizing) radiation arguments about 5G, that wouldn't have
         | any problem telling you what ionizing radiation is.
         | 
         | I've got two friends that I know are more-or-less 5G skeptics,
         | and heard them sharing how frustrated they are that they cannot
         | even give their opinions on these subjects without being
         | ridiculed, so much that they even lie when asked about it,
         | depending on who's aking them, and then watch others spread
         | vaguely similar conspiracy theories.
         | 
         | That was quite terrifying to me (at the time).
         | 
         | > Here's another: if they can't describe the "radiation" in
         | terms of the radiation exposure from eating a banana, you can
         | also safely ignore them.
         | 
         | As far as I know, most people that are (seriously) bringing up
         | radiation arguments about 5G are worried of non-ionizing
         | radiation.
        
           | giantrobot wrote:
           | > I've got two friends that I know are more-or-less 5G
           | skeptics, and heard them sharing how frustrated they are that
           | they cannot even give their opinions on these subjects
           | without being ridiculed
           | 
           | There's not really much to be skeptical about with respect to
           | the radio aspect. You're illuminated by far more watts of
           | radiation from non-5G sources than you are 5G sources, more
           | so if you're outdoors. Not only is the 5G radiation non-
           | ionizing but it doesn't penetrate for shit through water (a
           | major component of humans). Unless you put your face against
           | a tower's antenna there's nothing about a 5G radio worth
           | worrying about.
           | 
           | As for the network part, it's a high bandwidth but low
           | latency connection rivaling wired internet but wireless. It's
           | no _less_ useful than high speed wired Internet. For some
           | applications, mobile but bandwidth or latency sensitive, it
           | 's infinitely better than wired.
        
         | ericd wrote:
         | Microwaves aren't ionizing radiation, but you still probably
         | don't want too many watts to the brain.
         | 
         | That said, I have no opinion on 5G safety, I don't know enough
         | to have one. Do you know what the wattage of a microcell that
         | might sit on a suburban power pole might be?
        
           | BenjiWiebe wrote:
           | And don't forget the inverse square law. You will be
           | irradiated much more by a cell phone pressed against your
           | skin than a microcell on top of a pole, just because the
           | distance is many orders of magnitude more.
        
         | tejohnso wrote:
         | While you're ignoring everything they say about radiation, you
         | can also suggest they watch "All you need to know to understand
         | 5G" by Sabine Hossenfelder.
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBsP-bmDLOo
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | purplediamond wrote:
       | Hi
       | 
       | This article, like most human opinions, is selfish. It disregards
       | that other people want 5G. It concerns itself with only a
       | personal preference of one human being who lives in an area where
       | population density is probably 5 per 100 square miles........ You
       | can't even send a photo when connected to LTE at a crowded NY
       | International Airport,even though the signal is strong,five bars,
       | and you're connected but there are also other people connected.
       | It took me 20-30 minutes to send a photo via Viber last time. Yes
       | sure they could build a second tower and use 4G but 5G might
       | solve that with one tower and less money, it's also
       | better........ Yes 5G will probably make more money and that's
       | great, if it didn't make money it wouldn't make sense, and in the
       | process maybe next time I'll be able to send a message and maybe
       | people who want more than 20 Mbps can have more.......... It's
       | very selfish to assume the purpose of building wireless
       | communications is to watch football games and Netflix, while that
       | is one purpose for some people, other people use it for something
       | else. There are those who hoard data, I'm not one of them but I
       | do recognize, people who work from home and need lots of speed
       | and reliability etc.......... I would understand if this article
       | had an argument such as "5G is unhealthy" but it doesn't. This
       | article's argument is "I don't know why they would need 5G as 4G
       | works fine in Canada" and then it implies people shouldn't
       | progress on the mere argument that the need for progress isn't
       | understood by the writer. I don't claim to understand the need
       | for 5G but I acknowledge that I don't possess that knowledge, the
       | writer doesn't acknowledge that he does not know why those people
       | are building 5G. He basically argues 4G works fine for me
       | therefore all the engineers should stop working. ....... One
       | shouldn't make an argument on what other people should do based
       | on personal situation and own opinion disregarding what they want
       | and think, unless 5G causes pollution or health hazard. Let it
       | be. ....... Yes the writer might think the word sceptic might
       | have masked the implications of the article, it didn't. Also word
       | sceptic doesn't actually mean what it's euphemism means today. A
       | sceptic is someone who thinks, and here the writer only thought
       | his own thoughts, didn't think about what others need and might
       | think, so not a sceptic at all, in this article at least. .......
       | Opinions are great when they include other people, when they
       | include only the self they're just selfish.
        
       | baggy_trough wrote:
       | I've never noticed an improvement from 5G over LTE.
       | 
       | What I care about most is reliability of some low but usable
       | amount of bandwidth, as opposed to maximum bandwidth. Both 5G and
       | LTE are annoyingly unreliable for me (wandering around in Silicon
       | Valley).
        
         | 8note wrote:
         | Yeah, going for a walk round Seattle on a VoIP conference call
         | on either 4g or 5g, and both drop out for half the trip
        
       | opportune wrote:
       | Sufficient 5G saturation will likely result in induced demand.
       | Skepticism is similar to being skeptical that anybody would ever
       | need more than 64KB of memory. Right now, 5G saturation isn't
       | large enough for new applications to be developed that assume 5G,
       | but once 5G is everywhere, we'll look back on our pathetic tens
       | of Megabits that we pay $40-80/mo as the Stone Age.
       | 
       | Things that more bandwidth provides: wireless home internet,
       | cloud gaming, 4-8K streaming on multiple devices. Things that 5G
       | provides: more efficient wireless connections which should, in
       | theory, eventually get passed on to consumers.
       | 
       | Many of the 5G applications do exist currently, just in their
       | early stages. Just like 5G penetration.
        
       | yosito wrote:
       | I found this article to be convincing in-favor of 5G. I think the
       | real concerns about 5G are how it can be abused by providers and
       | governments to spy on people, none of which was mentioned in this
       | article.
        
       | ipython wrote:
       | I moved house recently and in a reasonably large suburban area
       | was forced to rely exclusively on tethering with 4g/5g on my
       | iPhone until the fiber could get moved to the new place.
       | 
       | It was a miserable experience. Video calls (wfh) were impossible-
       | laggy and cut out all the time. Several software updates happened
       | that week - at about 1gb average for almost a dozen devices -
       | personal and work MacBooks, and phones for a full family with
       | kids, I burned through my tethering allotment for the month
       | within a week.
       | 
       | Latency with 5g is better than LTE but the best I've seen is in
       | the neighborhood of 30ms. I can easily get sub 5ms on fiber. It
       | does make a difference when doing rdp sessions for example.
       | 
       | I get that fixed wireless may work for some but for us it's a non
       | starter after being used to fast reliable fiber for almost 15
       | years now.
        
       | nabla9 wrote:
       | It's strange how everything related to to mobile networks is meh
       | or bad in the US.
       | 
       | tbray and others think it's the technology they are analyzing
       | when it's actually how operators adopt the technology that makes
       | the difference. It must be market power issue. Operators just do
       | the minimum possible coverage they can get away with.
        
         | lkxijlewlf wrote:
         | > It's strange ...
         | 
         | Not strange at all. They're "job" is to funnel as much money to
         | investors as possible. They can all get away with being awful
         | because there's only 3 of them left.
         | 
         | Yay capitalism?
        
         | ac29 wrote:
         | > It's strange how everything related to to mobile networks is
         | meh or bad in the US.
         | 
         | Hasn't been my experience. Over the past decade or two,
         | coverage and speeds have increased a ton and prices have stayed
         | low. Carriers are spending billions on new spectrum and an ever
         | increasing build out of cell sites.
        
       | kjellsbells wrote:
       | I am with Tim Bray in that there is an enormous amount of woo woo
       | spouted about 5G. Perhaps a better question to ask is what is
       | possible now, in our current paradigm, and what might be possible
       | if there was ubiquitous high speed coverage blanketing a complete
       | society. The first is dull, and dubious: a bit more speed. Great.
       | The second is the province of speculation and the source of most
       | of the nonsense.
       | 
       | However, telcos are afraid of missing out on the value chain of
       | 5G like they did with 4G (all that money going to apps, and not a
       | bean to telcos). So they sunk billions into 5g spectrum believing
       | that was the gateway, and they they need to hold on for dear life
       | until those fancy use cases come alive. That could be 1 year from
       | now, ten years or perhaps never. who knows?
       | 
       | In the meantime their investors are watching closely at the only
       | metric they have which is uptake in the consumer domain. However
       | this is weak beer since you don't pay off $70B of spectrum costs
       | $10 at a time (ie consumer behavior along wont bring ROI).
       | 
       | So, pivot to businesses some of which really are groping their
       | way to 5G. Metal buildings, outdoor coverage, military, these are
       | real cases where existing solutions are not great. The gazillion
       | dollar question is whether 5G from a telco is the solution. Maybe
       | its CBRS with 5G, which cuts out the operator. Maybe its wifi 6E,
       | which is fundamentally different from wifi 5 and has learned a
       | lot of lessons from how cellular networks are built. imho there
       | is real risk that 5G vs WiFi is tbe betamax/vhs or bluray/netflix
       | battle of our time.
        
       | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
       | I think this post is sort of looking for a "special reason" for
       | 5G to exist that actually _doesn 't_ need to be there for 5G to
       | completely alter the telecom landscape.
       | 
       | Bray touches on this a bit, but at a personal level the biggest
       | difference for me is that, at home, my T-Mobile 5G connection is
       | _consistently faster and more stable_ than my AT &T UVerse
       | connection. It's close to the tipping point where I'm not quite
       | sure I need cable at all. That wasn't the case when I was on LTE.
       | 
       | All the other marketing BS that carriers and equipment providers
       | can dream up may just be bullshit, but switching to a world where
       | many consumers could get all of their telecom _and_ TV desires
       | met from their cell company instead of their cable company would
       | be a _massive_ change.
        
       | azinman2 wrote:
       | All of this assumes we've reached some plateau for how the
       | Internet will always be used. Historically that's never been the
       | case -- as more bandwidth becomes available, new applications pop
       | up to fulfill the need. Perhaps it feels like marketing fluff
       | now, but generally reducing latency and increasing bandwidth has
       | always historically lead to new kinds of use cases that become
       | daily drivers. What would be newsworthy is if that didn't happen.
        
         | ddingus wrote:
         | The carriers themselves have an impact on this beyond physical
         | layer improvements.
         | 
         | A big one is data cost rates and caps.
         | 
         | I've heard more than once, "5G means I will zip right through
         | my data and will cost me more."
         | 
         | LTE actually works great for me, and I do video calls and such
         | over LTE fairly regularly. Now I do pay for that, and I'm
         | compensated. That's what the carriers would love to see
         | continue, but that also limits mass adoption too. Many people
         | don't like extra charges appearing on their phone account. I
         | don't, but I'm in a position to deal with them too. Annoyance.
         | 
         | Plenty of people really feel that extra $20, $50, more
         | depending on what it is they did, like drive too close to
         | Canada with automatic data roaming turned on. That can be
         | painful.
         | 
         | Years ago, early 90's era, there was a magazine. Boardwatch, I
         | believe it was. There were some great voices in that one, and
         | all these topics we discuss today are nothing new, and most of
         | us here know that.
         | 
         | There are some constants:
         | 
         | As mentioned, applications fill resources. Could be RAM,
         | storage, throughput, bandwidth. Part of that is offering
         | choice, the next one coming up.
         | 
         | *In broadcast / streaming, where there is a defined bitrate
         | possible, choice will win out over quality. Here's a little
         | thought experiment that suggests why that is generally the
         | case:
         | 
         | Say you've got two streams or broadcast channels to use. One is
         | boring, but exemplary quality, the other is poor quality, but
         | compelling as it gets. Which one do you use? Which one do you
         | believe most people will use?
         | 
         | That leads to, "Content is king."
         | 
         | One of the topics Boardwatch covered regularly was diversity in
         | ISPs. As consolidation happened, another truism did as well,
         | and that is basic economic trope at this point:
         | 
         | More choice = more competition = buyer gets highest value for
         | the dollar.
         | 
         | Less choice = less competition = buyer gets lowest value for
         | the dollar.
         | 
         | The fight to prevent lock-in is therefore eternal. Carriers of
         | all types will seek to limit choice however they can.
         | 
         | Higher cost of change = lower choice.
         | 
         | This is also driving the one I mentioned above. Content being
         | king means making more content options available almost always
         | trumps quality.
         | 
         | I do have a small nit to pick:
         | 
         | To me, the word "bandwidth" isn't quite right. Yes, it speaks
         | to the maximum information possible, but throughput is the more
         | accurate word, in my view, when it comes to the impact moving
         | more bits per second at lower latencies has on society overall.
         | Another quick thought exercise:
         | 
         | Say you have a choice of a very fast connection, but latency is
         | all over the place, and or there are random slowdowns vs. one
         | that isn't as fast, but is super consistent. Which do you use?
         | Which one do you believe other people will use? I prefer the
         | latter most of the time given the constancy metrics match up
         | with my use cases.
         | 
         | My point here is the carriers have a huge impact today! We've
         | consolidated down to a point where many truisms about the
         | Internet are not so true in the wireless realm. Back in the
         | 90's, when most of us were on wires most of the time, all that
         | discussion about carriers, ISPs (when they were two different
         | things often enough to make that distinction), and the up and
         | coming "cloud" computing being equated to how things were in
         | the late 60's and 70's, has played out fairly accurately.
         | 
         | Kudos to the people with vision back then. Too bad it didn't
         | have a bigger impact on public policy overall.
        
         | raghavtoshniwal wrote:
         | > Historically that's never been the case
         | 
         | We overestimate how old history is here. There is a case to be
         | made about how we've enjoyed exponential growth in cosumer
         | technology over the last few decades but that could slow down
         | on a few fronts. For ex- display resolution has reached "good
         | enough" fidelity for a while.
         | 
         | I certainly hope you're right and we find cool, novel use cases
         | but I wouldn't be certain. I personally have not thought about
         | bandwidth for a few years now. Meanwhile I remember the speed
         | bumps being exciting earlier. Diminishing utility is real.
        
           | ddingus wrote:
           | I still think about throughput and bandwidth from time to
           | time. In my case, I am mobile enough to encounter the fast
           | but high latency case and fast, but only in little bursts,
           | too few to gloss over, cases. There is room for more here,
           | and it might lead to something new, that scales.
           | 
           | That said, I do agree with you.
           | 
           | In my view, what the carriers do matters more.
           | 
           | They are still wanting to gatekeep to a much higher degree
           | than they currently are.
           | 
           | Nothing pays like creating problems and then selling
           | solutions does. Massive consolidation opens the door for the
           | threat of artificial value to walk right through and into our
           | wallets.
           | 
           | Take the truisms in my other comment:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30822400
           | 
           | That quality vs choice problem can be made to go away for
           | what could be called a nominal charge each month. Think all
           | the ugly FastPass was for Disney, applied to our mobile
           | experiences. It's very ripe fruit, sadly.
        
           | NavinF wrote:
           | > display resolution has reached "good enough" fidelity
           | 
           | Ehhh it was only a couple of years ago that 4K became
           | affordable at 120hz. I would absolutely buy a 5K display if
           | one with decent input lag and no DP compression existed.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | > Historically that's never been the case -- as more bandwidth
         | becomes available, new applications pop up to fulfill the need.
         | 
         | You're writing this on HN of all things, where your comment
         | would take up no more bandwidth today than in the glory days of
         | dialup, and only a bit more than serving it via a BBS or UUCP.
        
       | causality0 wrote:
       | 5G might be great for some people. My experience with it is that
       | in the places where I used to have poor or no connection I still
       | have no connection. The places where I used to only have a 3G
       | connection I now have no connection at all. The places where I
       | get a 5G connection my phones swaps back and forth between a fast
       | 4G connection and a pathetically slow 5G connection which
       | repeatedly interrupts my data. I modified my settings and turned
       | 5G off entirely. Good riddance.
        
       | sparker72678 wrote:
       | Another anecdote -- at my house, on Verizon Wireless:
       | 
       | LTE: Consistently 5-20Mbps down. In the first couple of months
       | after LTE went online here (5ish? years ago), I could get more
       | like 90-100. It dropped into the 20-ish range and never went back
       | up.
       | 
       | 5G: I have UltraWideband coverage at my house, and I can get
       | 200-500Mbps download speeds.
       | 
       | Will 5G just drop down over time (as usage goes up) like LTE did?
       | I dunno, maybe. But, for now at least, 5G(UW) has been much, much
       | faster for me.
        
         | zw123456 wrote:
         | Hi, another 5G UW user here, I am getting pretty consistently
         | 1.8Gbps to 2.1Gbps on mine. But I played around with the CPE
         | placement quite a bit. I don't know if you are able to try
         | that. UW will drop you down to lower speeds or a lower band if
         | the mm-wave signal is not good. mm-wave is really touchy dues
         | to the small beam size.
        
         | pkulak wrote:
         | Well, that's almost entirely due to Verizon's C-Band being
         | pretty empty right now (5G phones are only a couple years old)
         | and it being 2-5x the frequency and bandwidth of the bands they
         | put 4g on. If they had put 4g on C-band, you'd probably be
         | seeing the exact same performance.
         | 
         | So, I guess what I'm saying is, if by "5g", you mean "the giant
         | new swaths of high-frequency spectrum that carriers are
         | building out", then 5g is amazing. Otherwise, it's nothing to
         | even bother noticing, as a consumer.
        
           | cogman10 wrote:
           | Definitely the biggest boon of 5g is the high frequency
           | spectrum.
        
           | sparker72678 wrote:
           | I guess that's kinda my point -- for me, "giant new swaths of
           | spectrum" _is_ my 5G experience. (Just a part of how muddy
           | the waters of this topic are.)
        
             | pkulak wrote:
             | Yeah, for me too. I'm excited about mobile again for the
             | first time since LTE got turned on.
        
         | cogman10 wrote:
         | Agreed. We have a limited backend that appears to be expanding
         | at a snails pace.
         | 
         | There's a stretch of driving I've regularly done which goes
         | through an unpopulated stretch of the US. I've watched the tech
         | tick up from 2g, 3g, 4g, LTE, and now 5g. Yet the download
         | speed remains at sub 1Mbps speeds.
         | 
         | My assumption is they are still running the same copper/fiber
         | that was buried to the tower 20 years ago while updating the
         | receivers.
        
           | BenjiWiebe wrote:
           | If they are running 20 year old copper that will slow things
           | down, and your only solution is to replace it.
           | 
           | 20 year old fiber? Upgrade the optics on both ends for a
           | couple grand and you are up to date again.
        
       | russellbeattie wrote:
       | There's some classic Tim curmudgeonry right there! Is he
       | complaining about the hype or the tech?
       | 
       | There's a continuum between "5G is an unneeded upgrade pushed by
       | [insert conspiracy theory here]" and "5G is an essential new
       | invention that will significantly improve our lives." The truth
       | is somewhere in the middle, and in my opinion, leans much more
       | towards the latter.
       | 
       | I was pitching Vodafone business customers in Spain on the power
       | of the coming 3G revolution back in 2001. The stuff we were
       | selling as "coming next year" wouldn't be commercial products
       | until over a decade later, and required the invention of the
       | iPhone in between.
       | 
       | That's just how it has worked for decades now. This isn't a
       | surprise.
        
       | tedk-42 wrote:
       | The author lives on a boat.
       | 
       | Imagine going back thousands of years and hearing people that
       | lived on land saying "there's no need to live on the ocean, the
       | land is perfectly safe and there's just no good reason for it".
       | 
       | My stomach turns when people are against technology for reasons
       | other than ethical ones.
        
         | timbray wrote:
         | Um I use our boat as an office, bicycle down to it most days.
         | Ain't spacious or luxurious, but it's waterfront. I live in an
         | ordinary house with decent (~300M) wired connection.
        
       | trothamel wrote:
       | 5G is weird, since it's being sold as a big deal, when it really
       | isn't.
       | 
       | It has some nice improvements, with the big ones being that it
       | makes more efficient use of the spectrum. I'm not really an
       | expert on this, so if someone is, feel free to correct me, but my
       | understanding is that some of the big changes with 5G NR are
       | making better use of good signals via higher-order modulation,
       | allowing less resources to be allocated to low-bandwidth users,
       | and decreasing latency by allowing communications to start more
       | often.
       | 
       | That doesn't really help any one phone, at least ones that are
       | working well now. What it does do is to make the network better,
       | in the same way going from 3G to LTE did.
        
       | bumblebritches5 wrote:
        
       | smitty1e wrote:
       | One of the big arguments I've heard from an AT&T PM who is
       | supposedly In The Know is that 5G lets First Responders have
       | privileged bandwidth in a saturated area.
        
         | ac29 wrote:
         | First responders already have their own band with 20MHz of
         | spectrum: FirstNet
         | 
         | In fact, its run by AT&T. Its not a 5G specific thing.
        
       | zw123456 wrote:
       | One of the primary reasons that carriers are interested in 5G is
       | because for the last decade they have been swapping spit (trading
       | customers between each other, carrier A lowers the prices and
       | take customers from carrier B, who responds in kind and takes
       | from carrier C who responds with a marketing campaign with some
       | deal on a phone etc. and etc.)
       | 
       | What they all are craving is new revenue. Once everyone who wants
       | a cell phone, has one, it becomes a commodity item and service
       | and that means, if anything, one price war after another. This is
       | why they are interested in 5G and MEC (Mobile Edge Cloud) they
       | are looking for new revenue. Right now, as part of the 5G push is
       | the idea of wireless home internet, which is basically just a
       | wifi AP that connects to the internet via the wireless network.
       | To do that of course, you need a lot more capacity, 5G offers
       | that to some extent, but realistically you need a ton more
       | spectrum, which is why you have seen a spate of auctions lately.
       | 
       | Make no mistake here, 5G Home internet is most certainly not a
       | cost savings approach for the carriers, they are literally
       | spending billions on it, in hopes of luring customers away from
       | the cable cos and telcos or other wired providers. Will it work?
       | Perhaps. Time will tell. But to be sure, in my view, this is very
       | good for the consumer of internet services, it will almost
       | assuredly provide the customer with a lower cost per Mbps due to
       | increased competition particularly with all the LEOS (Low Earth
       | Orbit Sats) also in the mix.
        
         | bsder wrote:
         | > But to be sure, in my view, this is very good for the
         | consumer of internet services, it will almost assuredly provide
         | the customer with a lower cost per Mbps due to increased
         | competition particularly with all the LEOS (Low Earth Orbit
         | Sats) also in the mix.
         | 
         | The problem is that all these services improve download--which
         | doesn't matter all that much.
         | 
         | Technology, however, is driven by _upload_. Every time upload
         | speeds jumped by an order of magnitude, we saw a whole bunch of
         | new computers applications.
         | 
         | Sadly, computers have been knecapped by a maximum 10M upload
         | speed for almost 20 years now. NAT was just an extra gunshot
         | wound to add to the misery.
        
         | mdasen wrote:
         | > But to be sure, in my view, this is very good for the
         | consumer of internet services
         | 
         | This is one of the things I'm excited about. Even if 5G home
         | internet won't lure you away from your wired connection, it
         | will lure enough customers away that your ISP will need to
         | treat you better (for fear that you might be lured away).
         | 
         | Lots of people with Verizon and AT&T would say that they would
         | never switch to T-Mobile in the 2013-2020 time-range. Still,
         | T-Mobile lured enough customers away that Verizon and AT&T
         | started treating their customers a lot better.
        
           | zw123456 wrote:
           | Yes, Tmo is catching up with ATT and VZ on quality, the main
           | reason they bought Sprint (remember them) is because Sprint
           | had a shit ton of spectrum but they weren't building it out
           | because they were capital starved (for a bunch of reasons).
           | So now, TMo has the most low and medium band spectrum and
           | they are catching up on build out. Vz has the most spectrum
           | if you include the mm-wave, but it's difficult to build out.
           | 
           | All the bandwidth competition is a good thing for the
           | consumer and hopefully some cool stuff gets developed to take
           | advantage of it.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | Nextgrid wrote:
           | > it will lure enough customers away that your ISP will need
           | to treat you better (for fear that you might be lured away).
           | 
           | I'm worried that the end-game is that you'll still be stuck
           | with equally-shitty providers, just that instead of having to
           | take one turd you'll be able to pick between two equally-
           | smelly ones.
           | 
           | It's not like Comcast support or billing is any better in
           | areas where they have competition, and outside of rare areas
           | where there are _local_ competitors (municipal broadband,
           | etc), Comcast 's competition in the form of
           | Verizon/Cox/Spectrum isn't any better and has exactly the
           | same flaws.
           | 
           | The only thing they can potentially compete on is price, but
           | my understanding is that price is never really the problem,
           | it's all the hidden costs such as surcharges/billing issues,
           | technical issues where tech support is horrible and you end
           | up with no internet for days/weeks, etc - something you can't
           | predict in advance when choosing a provider.
           | 
           | As someone who's dealt with a number of providers across
           | multiple countries, my takeaway is that the entire telecoms
           | industry is rotten and the only solution is to expect them to
           | be shit, plan in advance for when they screw you over (such
           | as maintaining a backup connection) and not give them any
           | leverage (no long-term contracts) so that you can just walk
           | away when they become a problem.
        
           | Seattle3503 wrote:
           | I prefer my fiber connection to a 5G connection. My fear is
           | that they will do the math and find they can't compete (I
           | don't know if this is actually the case). It could be the end
           | of physical connections.
        
             | Osiris wrote:
             | My neighborhood is less than 15 years old and CenturyLink
             | has no plans to run fiber to my neighborhood. New
             | subdivisions being built are including fiber.
             | 
             | The 5G home internet options can be good for people in
             | older homes or neighborhoods or even rural area which have
             | garbage internet.
        
             | zw123456 wrote:
             | Me too, nothing beats fiber if you can get it. I used to
             | have Fios where I used to live and nothing beats it, but
             | where I live now, you cannot get any fiber to the home, but
             | I can get the mm-wave 5G and that is a pretty close second,
             | the speed on my mm-wave is actually faster than the Fios I
             | had before but now there is NGPON2 which is the new tech
             | behind it and that can actually get you to 10Gbps. Fiber
             | will always be faster most likely.
        
             | Spooky23 wrote:
             | The key difference is that wireless is completely federally
             | regulated, and the FCC doesn't hold them to the same rules
             | as wired providers. They don't have the same net neutrality
             | requirements and can and do rate limit based on a variety
             | of factors.
             | 
             | For 5G, home wireless is bottom of the line and gets de-
             | prioritized behind phone customers.
             | 
             | The playbook is pretty obvious based on Verizon's behavior.
             | They've halted most fiber deployments in urban areas in
             | favor of mm-wave 5G. The FCC declared mm-wave a national
             | defense priority and it is not subject to any local
             | regulation.
             | 
             | Spectrum and Comcast suck, but they are the lesser evil
             | compared to telcos imo.
        
               | zw123456 wrote:
               | Both wired and wireless are regulated by the FCC, neither
               | have net neutrality restrictions anymore, the went bye
               | bye in the U.S. at least, a couple years ago and I
               | seriously doubt it will come back ever.
               | 
               | > The FCC declared mm-wave a national defense priority
               | and it is not subject to any local regulation.
               | 
               | I am not sure where you are getting that but mm-wave is
               | absolutely still regulated locally just like anything
               | else. The main difference is the size of the radios for
               | mm-wave are small and go on poles and the FCC did set a
               | price ceiling on what utilities can charge for pole
               | space. But there are also low and mid-band small cells
               | that go on poles as well. But the wireless companies
               | absolutely still have to get local permits to install any
               | wireless system on poles or pretty much anything.
        
             | CameronNemo wrote:
             | A lot of people don't have fiber options to begin with
             | (especially rural users). I wonder if 5G/NR will give them
             | better service than 4G/LTE.
             | 
             | I doubt wireless carriers will ever be able to seriously
             | compete with built out fiber in the long run. Once it is
             | there, the costs have been paid and the provider is mainly
             | just raking in residuals while keeping the lights on.
        
               | TreeInBuxton wrote:
               | Rural user here - yes, 5G is an absolute godsend, 4G was
               | over congested and had extremely unreliable ping (the
               | other option was 2mbit ADSL), I now have a fairly stable
               | 250/100 Internet connection, with much lower latency
        
               | kingcharles wrote:
               | Not just rural. I'm in downtown Chicago and the cheapest
               | wired connection I can get to my home is $71,000 install
               | and $800/month from Comcast.
               | 
               | Finally got T-Mobile Home Internet (5G). Shipped the
               | access point overnight to me. Plugged in. 600Mbps peak.
               | Never seen a slowdown that affects my heavyweight Net use
               | (e.g. streaming HD).
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | selectodude wrote:
               | lol what part of downtown Chicago is that per chance?
               | Comcast is required by law to serve every household in
               | their franchise area so I'm extremely curious.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | shagie wrote:
               | > A lot of people don't have fiber options to begin with
               | (especially rural users). I wonder if 5G/NR will give
               | them better service than 4G/LTE.
               | 
               | The flip side to that is the "many rural users are at the
               | edges of existing coverage networks".
               | 
               | A 4G network can reach about 10 miles (16km) - a 5G
               | network is about 1000 feet or 0.2 miles (about 300
               | meters).
               | 
               | Unless the providers are placing these on every other
               | power pole, most rural users aren't likely to see 5G
               | coverage. For what it's worth, my parents' house is about
               | 0.1 miles from the road and 0.5 miles from the next
               | nearest neighbor.
               | 
               | I believe that it is unlikely that wireless 5G will get
               | out there (they don't have 4G service either - they're in
               | a valley and use a femtocell for home phone use).
               | 
               | They don't have cable or fiber either and switched from a
               | load balanced pair of DSL lines to Starlink.
        
               | Osiris wrote:
               | I thought 5G in that 600mhz band has much better
               | coverage. Isn't it only ultra wideband that's that low?
        
               | shagie wrote:
               | (searching) - yes it can...
               | 
               | https://venturebeat.com/2019/12/10/the-definitive-guide-
               | to-5...
               | 
               | > One low band (600-700MHz) tower can cover hundreds of
               | square miles with 5G service that ranges in speed from 30
               | to 250 megabits per second (Mbps).
               | 
               | Though... I'm still going to be skeptical with the "there
               | are still some significant areas that lack 4g coverage"
               | 
               | https://fcc.maps.arcgis.com/apps/webappviewer/index.html?
               | id=...
               | 
               | Look at the "how many areas only have one provider" or
               | that you can see the topography and valleys in the
               | coverage map.
        
               | selectodude wrote:
               | I can't speak for anywhere else, but in Chicago Verizon
               | is literally placing 5G UWB bases on every other light
               | pole.
        
               | shagie wrote:
               | What will the coverage be like outside of Freeport, IL
               | though?
               | 
               | Its this type of poles that I'm more interested in - http
               | s://www.google.com/maps/@42.2639251,-89.787017,3a,75y,65.
               | ..
        
         | buu700 wrote:
         | So in short, 5G isn't particularly better than 4G all else
         | being equal, but it is a prerequisite to expanding and
         | improving service in ways that matter.
         | 
         | Does that sound right?
        
           | zw123456 wrote:
           | Basically, 5G introduces some new technology that increases
           | the so called spectral efficiency (bps/hz) that is how much
           | tput you can deliver over the allocated spectrum. 5G
           | introduces things like mm-wave tech using phased array
           | antennas, better massive MIMO etc.
           | 
           | But even with the tech, it's probably not enough to handle
           | the demand they are hoping for, hence they spectrum buying
           | spree they have been on lately.
           | 
           | It goes back to the Shannon law talked about here, you either
           | have to build more cells to make the signal better (better
           | signal lets you pack more bps per hz, or you need more
           | spectrum. Both are expensive, and most of them are doing
           | both.
        
           | youngtaff wrote:
           | My 5G connection is better (faster, more reliable) than my
           | fixed line connection
           | 
           | and only PS20/month more for 10x download, 10x upload speed
           | of the fixed line connnextion
        
             | pbhjpbhj wrote:
             | Genuinely, how's the ping, could you play FPS games? Are
             | you including the overhead of paying the line rental?
        
               | youngtaff wrote:
               | VSDL2 -- Plusnet PS35/month 39mbps down, 8mbps up,
               | 30-300ms RTT (it can be very variable depending on time
               | of day)
               | 
               | 5G -- Vodafone PS50/month ex VAT, 350-390mbps down,
               | 40mbps up, 30ms RTT (and stable)
               | 
               | Cell tower occasionally goes offline but in general the
               | Vodafone connection is way better than the fixed line one
        
               | celsoazevedo wrote:
               | Have you tried EE's 5G? Their unlimited business plan
               | costs PS30/month and at least in London they usually have
               | better speeds and coverage.
               | 
               | I'm currently testing Smarty (Three sub brand).
               | PS16/month, unlimited data, 30 days contract. Just
               | outside my front door: https://www.celsoazevedo.com/files
               | /random/Screenshot_2022032...
               | 
               | But I live in the basement of an old building... signal
               | sucks inside, so I'm stuck with a 65/15Mbps FTTC
               | connection (also with PlusNet).
        
               | petercooper wrote:
               | I don't know the details of why but ping times on
               | residential connections in the UK seem to run somewhat
               | higher than those I've experienced in the US. I have a
               | cable connection of over 500Mbps and the ping time is
               | ~20ms to both my nearest speed test location (about 50
               | miles away) and 8.8.8.8. 3ms is within my home network.
               | 15ms is to my first hop at my ISP(!!).. then 2-3ms is the
               | rest. My DSL connection is somewhat worse but with a
               | similar profile.
        
         | tomxor wrote:
         | > [...] in hopes of luring customers away from the cable cos
         | and telcos or other wired providers.
         | 
         | For some, like me it's not a mere lure but a liberation - out
         | of sheer bad luck, the fixed line internet speed at the last 3
         | places I've moved in a UK city have gotten slower each time,
         | ending up at <2Mbit in the centre. There is no fiber, if you
         | have fiber know that you are merely lucky, for everyone else
         | it's a question of how noisy your copper twisted pair is, which
         | will only get worse.
         | 
         | LTE internet is my only practical option, and it's not simply
         | competitive, it completely obliterates the fixed line
         | competition in my area providing me with 30-100Mbit (depends on
         | time of day), for PS35/mo no contract.
         | 
         | I know this is different in the US, but right now in the UK
         | there are 3 major LTE providers which _all_ have unlimited data
         | plans! - even better, 2 of them have unlimited plans without a
         | contract, which IMO is vital because you _must test out
         | reception_. LTE definitely beats ADSL in this country, only
         | fiber can compete, but availability is very patchy.
        
           | celsoazevedo wrote:
           | > PS35/mo
           | 
           | And you can find cheaper. For example, Smarty (Three sub
           | brand), PS16/month, unlimited data, 30 days contract. When on
           | 5G (their 4G sucks), I get up to 800Mbps up and 100Mbps down:
           | https://www.celsoazevedo.com/files/random/Screenshot_2022032.
           | ..
        
         | ajsnigrutin wrote:
         | > but realistically you need a ton more spectrum, which is why
         | you have seen a spate of auctions lately.
         | 
         | There are huge amount of spectrums in the mmWave bands...
         | instead of pulling FTTH to huge apartment buildings, just set a
         | few fiber-connected towers, and tell customers to put the APs
         | on windowsils pointing towards the tower.
        
         | vladvasiliu wrote:
         | > Right now, as part of the 5G push is the idea of wireless
         | home internet, which is basically just a wifi AP that connects
         | to the internet via the wireless network, [...] in hopes of
         | luring customers away from the cable cos and telcos or other
         | wired providers.
         | 
         | I'm not saying they're not trying to create new demand, but
         | this particular argument may be dependent on local context.
         | 
         | Over here in France, there's also a strong campaign for 5G. But
         | in the consumer market, wired internet providers are the same
         | companies that provide cell phone service. This may help in
         | low-density areas, although there's also a big push from
         | government to deploy fiber even in rural areas.
        
           | zw123456 wrote:
           | You make an interesting point because here Verizon and ATT
           | are local telcos as well so they can potentially cannibalize
           | some of their own customer based in their serving areas, but
           | both have had wired broadband service options in their
           | serving areas which as stalled in terms of growth over the
           | past few years. So I think they are looking at wireless,
           | which is a cash cow for them, and probably figure they may
           | win more customers from the cableco in their serving areas
           | with a wireless option that does not require any installation
           | or retrofit work at their homes. Bringing fiber into the home
           | can be expensive, and DSL (copper) will not get you the
           | speeds people are looking for these days for broadband
           | service.
           | 
           | You are right, this is all a very U.S. skewed view of things.
           | I do not know the European market but my guess is those
           | providers are probably also looking for some revenue boost
           | from 5G.
        
       | synergy20 wrote:
       | 5G is just a larger wifi basically, you trade high speed for
       | short distance, it is useful for hot area(populated places,
       | campus, factories, stadiums, etc), but it does not make much
       | sense for wide spread locations, for those 4G is enough and much
       | much cheaper with a much cooler radios(and in much less
       | quantities) on cellar towers.
       | 
       | IMO, 4G is already an optimized tech considering its price,
       | distance, speed,etc. in the future, it's more likely 4G will
       | still be dominant while 5G can used in those hot zones where 4G
       | speed is not enough(again, the crowed areas as mentioned above).
        
       | whatshisface wrote:
       | Why is 5G being treated like a big public decision that we're
       | supposed to have an opinion on, when in reality it's coordination
       | between chipset manufacturers and cell tower operators that
       | hardly involves us at all? It doesn't even seem like it's worth
       | marketing to me, I'm not going to go out and buy a cell tower.
       | Even selling me on 5G so I'll buy a new phone is unnecessary, the
       | phone manufacturers could sell me on the improved performance
       | directly.
        
         | RyanShook wrote:
         | The costs to carriers will be going up and by marketing they
         | are subtly letting us know the cost of our service plan will be
         | going up.
        
         | JauntyHatAngle wrote:
         | Don't think it's the whole story, but 3g, 4g and now 5g were
         | used as big selling points for new phones and plans to
         | consumers.
         | 
         | If people start buying things based on the name, they'll form
         | opinions on it.
         | 
         | Most consumers purchase based on buzz words like 4g and 5g.
         | They barely pay attention to bandwidth.
        
         | analyte123 wrote:
         | Microcell deployment, regardless of whatever protocols they're
         | using, is part of the "5G" push. If carriers suddenly put one
         | in your front yard [1] what are you going to do, be against
         | technology and progress?
         | 
         | [1] https://abc13.com/houston-homes-seeing-5g-boxes-placed-
         | witho...
        
           | Sebguer wrote:
           | Not to mention the ecological impacts of the density
           | required.
        
           | jimmaswell wrote:
           | Looks fine to me. Doesn't really stand out among similar
           | utility boxes you find around for electric or gas. I'd love
           | to have a 5g tower by my house and not need my repeater.
        
         | rexf wrote:
         | Carriers & phone makers need something to talk about for
         | marketing. The iPhone 12 was unremarkable, so they had to lean
         | on 5G as a reason to upgrade. 5G in my experience (latest
         | iPhone 13 Pro on one of the largest US carriers) is
         | broken/underwhelming, so I've turned it off.
         | 
         | I agree that there is a lot of bikeshedding regarding 5G and
         | countless other topics (microservices vs monolith, electron vs
         | native, etc). There are lots of topics that drive heavy user
         | engagement while never answering an actual question.
        
           | ecf wrote:
           | ~~Couriers~~ Carriers shouldn't be in the business of selling
           | phones at all, but that's a different discussion entirely.
        
             | hackernewds wrote:
             | With net neutrality gone, once the dust settles they will
             | also be in the B2B business of selling internet speeds to
             | corps such as Netflix etc. There are already are so called
             | fast/slow lanes
        
           | jimmaswell wrote:
           | > broken/underwhelming
           | 
           | Really? It's been great for me. Tested it the other day and
           | got 30 megs down.
        
             | sidewndr46 wrote:
             | I get flat out insane speeds on 5G. Must faster than any
             | home internet I have ever even had the option to subscribe
             | to. When it works.
             | 
             | When it doesn't work, my battery life goes to shit & I
             | cannot check my email because no data seems to get through.
             | I disabled it about 3 days after buying a 5G capable phone.
             | I've never turned it back on.
        
             | omegalulw wrote:
             | 30mbps or 30MB/s? You can do 100mbps+ on LTE...
        
               | jimmaswell wrote:
               | MB/s
        
               | hackernewds wrote:
               | I get 300 MBPs download speeds on 5G - that might be a
               | San Francisco thing?
        
               | peteradio wrote:
               | Can't wait till its beamformed right into my eyebrain. If
               | you are ever bored just look at the nearest tower and
               | donate your wasted brain cycle towards SETI while you
               | stand motionless drooling at the sky.
        
             | gotaquestion wrote:
             | Will it still be 30MB/s when 100,000+ people in your 5G
             | cell are using it though? I don't understand the tech. 100k
             | people in San Fran pulling 30MB/s would require 3 TB/s of
             | spectrum bandwidth. Isn't that a lot, or am I just way out
             | of the loop and still thinking in 1990's units. :)
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | Spectrum allocation in licensed bands _is_ a public decision.
         | The public literally decides what use those chunks of spectrum
         | should be put to. Only the free bands (like 2.4GHz) are a pure
         | matter of cooperation among users and hardware manufacturers.
        
           | whatshisface wrote:
           | I thought it was decided by an auction?
        
             | ac29 wrote:
             | Who gets specific assignments is often done by auction, but
             | how the overall spectrum is allocated is by the FCC. In
             | theory they're responsible to the public.
        
               | hackernewds wrote:
               | That implies 1) the FCC listens to the public and 2) the
               | public understands the technology and 3) the public will
               | vote for what's good for themselves in the networks
               | domain. Arguably 2 and 3 are false, and 1 we know to be
               | false depending on the admin (see: net neutrality)
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | I don't think it implies any of those things. If
               | something is regulated by the FCC, it's regulated by a
               | public agency, even if that agency disregards public
               | opinion or public interests. If an anti-5G sentiment
               | caught fire, the FCC could be directed by an
               | administration or Congress to move in a different
               | direction.
               | 
               | Anti-5G sentiment shares a lot of DNA and membership with
               | antivax sentiment which seemed like a vocal fringe
               | minority 20 years ago, but may end up being a majority of
               | voters in the next election cycle. It's not completely
               | out of the realm of possibility that you could see major
               | anti-5G political candidates and/or notable incidents of
               | anti-5G violence and terrorism.
        
               | gotaquestion wrote:
               | I'm having deja vu, didn't Ajit Pai ignore all that
               | public input from the web forms (blaming it on prank
               | submissions)?
        
         | ep103 wrote:
         | Because Chinese companies developed 5G before American
         | companies did. American telecarriers not only didn't initially
         | research the technology, they refused to even agree to a
         | standard definition. IIRC, AT&T marketed their 4G network as 5G
         | for a while. As a result, Chinese companies had an opportunity
         | to enter western markets with superior, government funded
         | technology. They started making sales, notably in Canada, IIRC,
         | before Western pushback started. From the private sector,
         | telecoms pushed on the government to ban the Chinese
         | technology, to buy them time to play catch-up with China.
         | Politically, the need to protect the inadequate technology
         | (not) developed by the private market, from a government funded
         | program doesn't fit with the current US ideological model, so a
         | different excuse was found. The legitimate reason:
         | "Telecommunications infrastructure is a national security
         | priority, and Chinese technology in this arena, due to its ties
         | to the CCP, is a national security threat" was used. Again, a
         | legitimate reason. It even has the bonus that it implies the
         | current western ideology that governments should not direct
         | private research. But this sort of market protectionism makes
         | 5G a public policy and national security interest matter. So in
         | order to ensure there is public support for such a policy, one
         | of the easiest things to do, is convince the bottom-information
         | tiers of society with conspiratorial, xenophobic, nonsense.
         | Which is where the 5G conspiracy theories come from. You will
         | note that the 5G conspiracy theories can be generalized into
         | the statement "5G is evil, and is used for mind control /
         | cancer", which really, is a dumbed-down game of telephone (pun)
         | away from the original source material: [5G is evil] <-- The
         | CCP is bad / national security and we must reject their tainted
         | technology; [It is used for mind control] <-- CCP = big
         | brother, Chinese 5G = surveillance, national security; [Cancer]
         | <-- more tangible than 'mind control'.
        
           | fsiefken wrote:
           | I remember there was a EU report that was suggesting Russia
           | was spreading anti 5G conspiracy theories to slow 5G adoption
           | so they could get ahead sooner. I searched for it a while ago
           | but couldn't find it quickly.
        
           | p_l wrote:
           | A lot of 5G conspiracy theories might also correlate with
           | incumbent ISPs (especially cable ones) who can block new
           | wired ISPs but they can't block mobile phones - so a lot of
           | the conspiracy theories included things like "wifi connected
           | by cable to internet is fine" :V
           | 
           | And 5G includes technologies that allow for much denser mesh,
           | higher throughput, lower latency, and more clients per cell
           | enjoying good service. So it could start supplanting wired
           | broadband services.
        
           | jolux wrote:
           | I think expecting that most laypeople connect the Huawei ban
           | to 5G as a technology is really strange. The conspiracy
           | theories about 5G all relate it to wealthy Westerners like
           | Bill Gates, not meddling by China.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | It seems there are multiple consipiracies about it though.
             | The Gov't is pushing that CCP will use it to infiltrate.
             | This is more of a polictical paranoia consipiracy. That is
             | quite different than the oridinary wacko crazy conspiracies
             | being pushed by whomever is pushing them to say things like
             | Bill Gates is going to do whatever for whatever reasons.
        
           | missedthecue wrote:
           | There still isn't a standard for what 5G is. Unlike 2G, 3G,
           | and 4G LTE, which all have very specific technological
           | definitions, 5G could be edge computing, MIMO, small cell,
           | beamforming, and so forth. No one has actually created
           | guidelines about what it is.
           | 
           | At present, it seems any kind of 5G service you can actually
           | buy is at best just new frequency spectrums that the
           | government auctioned off in recent years.
        
             | cesarb wrote:
             | > There still isn't a standard for what 5G is. Unlike 2G,
             | 3G, and 4G LTE, which all have very specific technological
             | definitions
             | 
             | In common usage, these "generations" always match a change
             | in the low-level protocol used by the radios. For 1G it was
             | analog, for 2G it was GSM, for 3G it was W-CDMA, for 4G it
             | was LTE, and for 5G it's NR. So distinguishing between 4G
             | and 5G is simple: if you're using LTE, it's 4G; if you're
             | using NR, it's 5G.
        
             | matthewmacleod wrote:
             | This is not really true - "5G" is pretty universally
             | accepted to refer to 3GPP Release 15, defining 5G New Radio
             | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G_NR).
        
             | ng55QPSK wrote:
             | actually there is, ITU-R recommendation IMT2020 is 5G and
             | only 3GPP Rel15 and following release satisfy this.
        
           | ng55QPSK wrote:
           | "Because Chinese companies developed 5G before American
           | companies did" - just No.
           | 
           | 5G as deployed today is a 3GPP (== driven by Europe) standard
           | and yes, Chinese, American, Australian, Asian etc. companies
           | contributed to system architecture and RAN (radio access
           | network) which is a domain of the old-schoolers: Nokia,
           | Ericsson, Qualcomm, Samsung and since a few years also
           | Huawei-EUROPE (not Huawei China).
        
           | cromwellian wrote:
           | The majority of the core 5G patents came from Qualcomm,
           | Samsung, Ericsson, etc. Huawei filed a metric ton of land
           | grab incremental patents on non essential details which is
           | why they get less than 1% of 5G patent revenue.
           | 
           | https://www.statista.com/statistics/1237450/global-ip-
           | revenu...
           | 
           | What you're doing is running with this nationalist rhetoric
           | on the Chinese internet that China "invented 5G". Sorry, but
           | 5G was not invented by Huawei. It's fair to safe they rushed
           | how a huge deployment of the technology, but mmWave is
           | economically inefficient and most of the 5G benefit for China
           | was increased subscriber density.
           | 
           | The reality is, the US doesn't have the subscriber density
           | problem China does, we are far more spread out and mmWave is
           | much more useless to us, so one of the core bragging rights
           | of Huawei is not relevant for our use case. The other 5G
           | bands <6Ghz are much better for the US.
        
         | jotm wrote:
         | Age of social media. Everyone discusses topics they have zero
         | control over to hell and back.
         | 
         | "Hey look, we're doing Democracy with thousands of people and
         | everyone agrees/disagrees" - it really tricks the brain into
         | thinking it's _doing_ something.
         | 
         | Everyone's busy talking and believing they're doing something,
         | we all feel good about it, there's no real need to actually
         | _do_ something.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | rahimnathwani wrote:
         | "Even selling me on 5G so I'll buy a new phone is unnecessary,
         | the phone manufacturers could sell me on the improved
         | performance directly."
         | 
         | If 5G makes it cheaper for the carrier, they could make plans
         | cheaper for folks whose handsets support 5G, i.e. penalize
         | people who don't upgrade.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | Wait, did you just suggest a carrier would make something
           | cheaper, voluntarily?
           | 
           | I seriously doubt that. Even if it does lower their operating
           | costs, why would they lower their potential profit padding?
        
             | rahimnathwani wrote:
             | Competition.
             | 
             | Why do Visible and Mint offer cheaper plans than the
             | Verizon and AT&T brands?
             | 
             | To attract customers from other carriers.
        
               | otterley wrote:
               | The top line metric that the financial markets care about
               | for the major postpaid carriers is ARPU (average revenue
               | per user). As soon as this number goes down, so does the
               | company's market cap. The C suite really cares about
               | making sure this number continues to go up.
        
               | rahimnathwani wrote:
               | The easiest way to improve ARPU is to raise all existing
               | customers' prices to current ARPU, and hope they either
               | accept it or churn. Either way ARPU goes up, whilst
               | revenue and profits go down.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Do either of Visible, Mint, etc install their own
               | infrastructure or buy bandwidth from ATT and/or Verizon?
               | 
               | Also, their services are spotty at best compared to other
               | providers. There's a reason for their prices being lower
               | similar to how Spirit Airlines is cheaper than other
               | carriers.
        
               | otterley wrote:
               | Mint uses T-mobile as its underlying carrier.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | > Wait, did you just suggest a carrier would make something
             | cheaper, voluntarily?
             | 
             |  _Comparatively_ cheaper. You can do that by raising the
             | price on the alternatives.
        
           | ac29 wrote:
           | Adjusted for inflation, mobile internet has been decreasing
           | in cost - I pay the same price I did a decade ago and have
           | much better coverage and much better speeds.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | Carriers are marketing 5G as a public facing feature so they
         | can charge more for it.
        
       | sydthrowaway wrote:
       | Whoever did the dsp behind 4g is a genius
        
       | jolux wrote:
       | I used my iPhone 12 as a 5G modem while working from home for a
       | couple weeks after I moved last year before I had my gigabit RCN
       | service setup. It was remarkably performant and stable. I could
       | probably use it full time if it weren't for the higher cost.
        
       | hanklazard wrote:
       | Agree with author on the last part ... I don't need this. Bought
       | an iPhone 13 mini recently and one of the first things I did was
       | set the cellular from "5G Auto" to "LTE" to save battery life.
       | 
       | My suspicion has been that this tech isn't for me, but actually
       | more for the companies that are deploying it. For those who know
       | the tech behind this better than me (ie, most of you), does 5G
       | make it possible to turn my phone into a signal booster for my
       | neighbor? Am I now a piece of the network infrastructure with 5G
       | in a way that I'm not with LTE?
        
       | imdsm wrote:
       | I found this hard to follow so stopped reading.
       | 
       | > [Note: When I say "G" or "M" I'm talking about Gbits or
       | Mbits/second.]
       | 
       | > Why 5G? Faster connections -- there is talk of 10G!
       | 
       | Wait, does he think 4G = 4 Gbit/s, and 5G = 5 Gbit/s? If there's
       | talk of 10G well, what about 6/7/8/9G? G is generation.
       | Additionally:
       | 
       | > The phone calls what it sees "LTE+" (I don't claim to
       | understand what that means)
       | 
       | It isn't hard to find out information. A quick search leads to
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LTE_Advanced.
        
         | timbray wrote:
         | Oops haha you're right, "G" has two different meanings in the
         | article. Couple proofreaders missed that too. I think most
         | readers are smart enough to figure out which is meant most
         | times?
        
         | throwusawayus wrote:
         | author invented xml. while i haven't any love for xml i assume
         | he is on solid technical footing and just worded poorly ?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | cogman10 wrote:
         | Agreed.
         | 
         | This was a hard to understand article because of that note. The
         | author appeared to switch between G as in Gbps and G as in
         | generation multiple times without clarification.
         | 
         | Would have been way more clear if they just used Gbits instead
         | of G when they meant Gbits. (or Gen instead of G).
        
       | Mo3 wrote:
       | Ugh, that's just super opinionated and short sighted. I have
       | countrywide 5G here, and the difference in latency on voice or
       | video calls is super notable and nice.
       | 
       | Obviously it doesn't make sense to run on 5G permanently because
       | energy consumption is still comparably higher, just like it was
       | the case with 4G in its beginning, but the automatic switching
       | does a somewhat good job at it.
       | 
       | 5G also has a ton of other benefits such as being able to support
       | a multitude more clients and being able to prioritize traffic
       | (like for emergency services) and handle slicing/QoS much better.
       | 
       | Not to mention stuff like e.g. active beamforming capabilities
       | reducing power consumption and lowering emission levels for the
       | general environment SIGNIFICANTLY.
       | 
       | All of the amazon internals and obvious marketing/hype around 5G
       | aside: Author is a good example of naysaying - Saying no to
       | obviously better technology because it doesnt fit their reality
       | and/or knowledge.
        
         | acdha wrote:
         | What kind of latency are you seeing? I see 4G latency around
         | 30+-10ms so I could believe that's an area for improvement but
         | also one which wouldn't be transformative for many
         | applications.
         | 
         | From my perspective, the big change we need in the U.S. is
         | getting away from tiny data plans -- most of the interesting 5G
         | applications also use a ton of data and when 1GB is concerned a
         | princely amount it's hard to care much about video calls.
        
           | Mo3 wrote:
           | I get +-40-60ms on 4G legacy and +-5-10ms on 5G. Which no
           | matter what people try to claim here is a great and very
           | notable improvement in latency on voice calls.
           | 
           | Another benefit I have noticed is that latency seems to be
           | much more stable in all kinds of conditions - stationary, in
           | trains, in the car. I believe this is one of the key factors
           | in what makes the experience so much nicer.
           | 
           | I have no idea about US cell plans, here in NL it's included
           | in afaik all new contracts. I have unlimited data + 5G for
           | 40EUR/month
        
             | acdha wrote:
             | That does sound like a nice improvement. We're held back by
             | the pricing model so most people I know have treated 5G as
             | something they'll get eventually but won't really change
             | what they do.
        
         | seattle_spring wrote:
         | Reminds me of the folks on my neighborhood's Nextdoor that
         | claim that their Hughes Net connection (1s+ ping, tiny data
         | caps) is just as good as Wave cable (xxms ping, relatively huge
         | data caps, lower price).
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Animats wrote:
         | _being able to prioritize traffic for emergency services etc._
         | 
         | Emergency priority been in every mobile system since AMPS.
         | 
         | 5G has a few use cases. In very high user density areas, such
         | as stadiums, it's possible to have a huge number of short range
         | connections in the 24-40GHz band. This allows people at the
         | game to watch the game on their phones. Many major stadiums
         | installed this back in 2020.
         | 
         | If you want huge bandwidth, you're going to need near line of
         | sight to the base station. The high band won't go through much.
         | Stadiums and entertainment venues are the ideal case, because
         | they're designed to let a large number of people have line of
         | sight to something. So they were done first.
         | 
         | Worst case is a subway or complex building interior. Samsung
         | has little brick-sized beam-forming units.[1] It takes a base
         | station every 150-200m or so to provide good coverage in the
         | high bands. AT&T is integrating them into street lights.[2] Not
         | clear how they backhaul.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.samsung.com/global/business/networks/products/ra...
         | 
         | [2] https://5ginsider.com/carriers/att-rolling-out-5g-powered-
         | st...
        
           | jthrowsitaway wrote:
           | > This allows people at the game to watch the game on their
           | phones.
           | 
           | I'm not a sports person, but I'm having a difficult time
           | understanding why someone would want to do this. Even with
           | the very best e2e latency, there's probably going to be one
           | or two seconds of latency between real life and what's on
           | your phone. Sports is very much a real time experience, and
           | that sounds lame.
        
             | techsupporter wrote:
             | I am a baseball fan, so maybe other sports are different,
             | but from my perspective: When I go to the stadium, I have a
             | single vantage point. Oftentimes I'll have a low resolution
             | stream going of the game where a few-second delay is
             | optimal because I'll get to see a replay of something that
             | happened out of my view or that I just missed. Plus, for
             | all but the biggest plays, a replay of a close call isn't
             | usually shown on the scoreboard.
        
           | Mo3 wrote:
           | This is not conclusively true. 5G also uses sub-1GHz bands
           | for long-range connections and these will also support a
           | multitude more connections per tower and provide lower
           | latency.
           | 
           | Please refer to [1] to understand how much more advanced
           | traffic prioritization is implemented in this protocol.
           | 
           | [1] https://nms.kcl.ac.uk/toktam.mahmoodi/files/EW16.pdf
        
         | markdown wrote:
         | > Obviously it doesn't make sense to run on 5G permanently
         | 
         | I've never used 5G (it isn't available in my country) so this
         | isn't obvious at all. Care to explain that doesn't make sense?
        
           | Mo3 wrote:
           | If your phone is just sitting on your desk with its screen
           | off there is little to zero benefit to having it run on 5G, I
           | mean. As of right now, 5G is still somewhat more energy
           | consuming than 4G, just like 4G consumed more energy in its
           | early stages.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Foivos wrote:
       | The product you are talking about is called "fixed wireless
       | access" and at least in Norway is a huge success. It makes sense
       | because Norway is sparsely populated and this product can serve
       | communities that are hard to reach by fiber at comparable speeds.
       | At the same time it is both better and cheaper than satellite
       | internet, including the spacex offerings. Spacex would make sense
       | for even more isolated communities.
       | 
       | Also, 5G, at least at this point, does not offer consumers
       | anything different compared to a good 4G. But it makes a huge
       | difference for commercial usecases. For example, Norway wants to
       | stop using tetra. Tetra is a network used by police, firefighters
       | etc, which offers robust communication but at a big cost and with
       | very limited services. With 5G they will be able to use the much
       | cheaper public network, with modern services (e.g. video calls),
       | while maintaining robustness and traffic isolation.
        
       | hellotomyrars wrote:
       | My takeaway from this is pretty simple and perhaps the most
       | boring answer but: it depends.
       | 
       | The biggest thing the author seems to say is that what we already
       | have is "good enough" which might be true for them but isn't
       | applicable to many other people or applications.
       | 
       | The technology works better or worse depending on how it's
       | deployed. Not a huge shocker. Deriding the marinas Wifi doesn't
       | inherently mean it's bad or good as a technology.
       | 
       | 5G certainly oversold as revolutionary but it's fine And has a
       | higher upper bound for obvious reasons as a technology.
        
       | charcircuit wrote:
       | >although rollback netcode is producing remarkably good results
       | these days.
       | 
       | Tell me you are not an online gamer without telling me you are
       | not an online gamer. Rollback netcode makes about sub 100ms ping
       | _playable_. Having a low ping is still better than having a high
       | ping. LAN is still the definitive experience since latency is
       | minimized. There are online competitions that are west coast or
       | east coast only because the experience just is not good enough
       | even with rollback netcode to handle latencies that are so high.
       | 
       | When I tried tethering to my phone on 4G I was getting like 150ms
       | ping and it was really spiky. You are not going to have a good
       | time with that much latency.
       | 
       | Also in the gaming context related to low latency is cloud gaming
       | which also includes VR / AR rendering which needs to have an
       | accurate location of where your head is to render the frame
       | correctly.
        
         | ThatPlayer wrote:
         | It also depends on the game. Rollback netcode is for games
         | where your client fully simulates the game. This doesn't happen
         | on a majority of games because of hidden information.
         | 
         | I don't even know if it scales beyond a fighting game, where
         | you'll see rollback most commonly used. Part of the rollback is
         | to go back to a saved gamestate a few seconds ago, and
         | resimulate the entire game with the new (correct) input.
         | Meaning to rollback 100ms, you would need to be able to
         | resimulate that 100ms of gameplay in say 1 frame or 16ms.
        
       | D13Fd wrote:
       | For me the problem is that you often can't even tell if you are
       | _really_ on 5G. Some carriers label certain types of 4G as 5G,
       | and my understanding is that even if you have  "real" 5G, it
       | probably isn't mmWave 5G in most areas. So even if you are
       | sitting there with a good connection on a mobile device that says
       | "5G" in the corner, it's hard to say that 5G is really making a
       | difference.
       | 
       | For example, I'm sitting here in my car far away from Wi-Fi. I
       | just did a speed test with 5G on and off. On 5G, I got 63mbps
       | up/16 down. With 5G off, I got 100mbps/25mbps (much faster).
        
       | mdasen wrote:
       | I think the issue is that 5G was initially rolled out with hand-
       | waving and marketing. The initial 5G rollouts in the US have been
       | on low-band spectrum (below 1GHz) with companies using 5-15MHz
       | channels (or in the case of Verizon, not even giving dedicated
       | channels to 5G and using inefficient dynamic spectrum sharing
       | with LTE) and most of the bandwidth that users get is actually
       | coming from the LTE channels on the network via carrier
       | aggregation. So, out of the 40-50MHz of downlink capacity your
       | phone is using, most of it isn't 5G and low-band 5G's efficiency
       | improvements over LTE are a bit minimal (probably 20-30%).
       | 
       | Mid-band 5G is another story. With better MIMO and such, the
       | efficiency improvements seem to be more like 50-80%. Not only
       | that, a lot of new spectrum is being added to networks and it's
       | TDD (time-division duplexing) rather than FDD (frequency-division
       | duplexing). T-Mobile and Verizon have launched their 2.5GHz and
       | 3.5GHz networks with 60MHz of spectrum and people are usually
       | seeing speeds around 300-400Mbps which is significantly faster
       | than LTE (and significantly faster than the average home
       | broadband connection). A lot more mid-band spectrum will be
       | coming over the next couple years.
       | 
       | Likewise, initial rollouts of 5G were in non-standalone mode.
       | That means that LTE is running the show and the 5G is providing
       | its bandwidth. That also means that ping times are driven by the
       | ping times of the LTE network. 5G standalone networks drive down
       | ping times a lot. Network and handset support is a bit iffy right
       | now, but it'll come along.
       | 
       | I think it's also easy to forget how LTE was a minimal upgrade
       | over HSPA+ when it initially came out. Why not just use dual-
       | carrier HSPA+? Even in mid 2013 (2.5 years after Verizon's LTE
       | launch), they were averaging 10.25Mbps while T-Mobile's HSPA was
       | 7.66Mbps (via PC Magazine). Only a third faster? Why bother,
       | right? Of course, that hides the fact that LTE drove ping times
       | down a lot from 3G networks which meant a much better experience
       | for users. It also hides the fact that LTE had a lot of room to
       | improve over the years and now we see LTE speeds 4x higher than
       | 2013. When you're comparing a newly launched product to the last
       | generation that you've spent years working on, the new product
       | can often seem like a minimal upgrade (even if it has a lot more
       | runway).
       | 
       | T-Mobile's mid-band network is the most deployed in the US and
       | their average speed has risen to 91Mbps (via Ookla/Spedtest.net,
       | as of 3-6 months ago) - not their average 5G speed, their average
       | speed. That's with less than half their network usage going over
       | 5G and even within that 5G usage, a lot of it is probably over
       | the low-band 5G network (which is more like LTE++). Their average
       | 5G speed is 187Mbps and that's averaging in both the low-band LTE
       | network and mid-band LTE network (again via Ookla, as of 3-6
       | months ago). I think that going from 40Mbps to 190Mbps is a
       | pretty big difference.
       | 
       | Not only that, it's a better real world experience. Ookla found
       | that 13-20% of the time (depending on carrier), LTE was below
       | 5Mbps down and 1Mbps up for people. T-Mobile's 5G speeds were at
       | least 25Mbps down and 5Mbps up 82% of the time. So with LTE,
       | you're going to get at least 5Mbps 80% of the time and with 5G,
       | you're going to get at least 25Mbps 80% of the time. Plus, 5Mbps
       | up means a nice video call compared to 1Mbps. 5G is offering
       | better stuff in the real-world and this will get better as the
       | networks mature - carriers are still upgrading towers.
       | 
       | Now, if you're on AT&T, they have almost no mid-band 5G. If
       | you're on Verizon, they've just launched a decent amount of mid-
       | band 5G (30% of Americans covered, although people are reporting
       | that their maps are hugely over-estimated), but it's limited
       | compared to T-Mobile and only available on their premium plans.
       | It might not seem like a big deal if you aren't seeing mid-band
       | 5G.
       | 
       | I think 5G is also starting to put pressure on home internet
       | providers. T-Mobile gained more home broadband customers in Q4
       | 2021 than anyone (wired or wireless). A lot of rural customers
       | are getting real broadband for the first time and upgrading from
       | things like HugesNet with restrictive data allotments. Starlink
       | "isn't a big deal" if you already have good broadband. If you
       | live in an area without it, Starlink gives you a modern internet
       | connection. Likewise, wireless home internet will offer new
       | options to many rural customers as well as put competitive
       | pressure on broadband monopolies.
       | 
       | I think part of Tim Bray's skepticism is: do we need more speed
       | on mobile? In some ways, I share that skepticism. However, I'd
       | also add: do you need gigabit fiber? He notes that he has fiber
       | at home. We often don't know what we'll use speed for until we
       | have it. Mobile data was around for a long time before the iPhone
       | and while some people had found some uses for it, most of us
       | didn't see utility. Then Apple releases the iPhone and all of a
       | sudden the world starts reorienting around data. It can take time
       | for someone to make a killer-app for a capability.
       | 
       | T-Mobile just launched a 5G innovation center to help people
       | figure out what to do with 5G. Sometimes technological
       | capabilities precede someone figuring out what people will want
       | to do with it. I mean, we had broadband connections capable of
       | 1080p video for years before Netflix started streaming. Today,
       | streaming is a way of life.
       | 
       | Bray also says that "I don't personally know anyone whose life
       | has been changed by 5G. Yes, family members with newer phones
       | occasionally report that the status bar says "5G", but I don't
       | hear that they're having a different experience." A big part of
       | that is that carriers rolled out 5G before most 5G capabilities
       | were really there. If you're on a low-band 5G non-standalone
       | network, it can be hard for it to feel any different. Heck, my
       | device often performs better with 5G off if there's network
       | congestion (since so many people are using 5G in my area and my
       | carrier isn't really good). But that's because every carrier
       | wanted 5G to pop up on your phone even before 5G's capabilities
       | were really in your hands. Carriers pushed things out a bit
       | quickly in part because they wanted phones to start supporting 5G
       | (for when the real capabilities of 5G got deployed) and because
       | it offered useful marketing.
       | 
       | Bray also says that 5G started in Spring 2019. That's not wrong,
       | but it can be misleading. Verizon launched a small amount of
       | millimeter-wave 5G in Spring 2019. Millimeter-wave spectrum
       | typically has a range of 100-200ft and is blocked by almost
       | anything in its path. T-Mobile launched low-band 5G in December
       | 2019, but again low-band 5G in non-standalone deployment isn't
       | really that different. T-Mobile really started launching mid-band
       | 5G in Summer 2020 with Verizon following 1.5 years later in
       | January 2022. However, it takes a while to upgrade a network. If
       | you have 60,000-80,000 towers that you're upgrading and you're
       | upgrading 1,000-1,500 per month, it's going to take a while. For
       | T-Mobile, we know that it's going to be around 3.5-3.7 years to
       | get to 90% of Americans covered. Verizon started deploying mid-
       | band ahead of their launch (since they knew the spectrum they'd
       | have before they were allowed to use it), but they're staying
       | it'll still be 3 years to get to 75% of Americans covered (and
       | given that they started deploying 6-9 months before their launch,
       | we can say 3.5-3.7 years to get to 75% of Americans covered).
       | Basically, we're starting to see some great capabilities some of
       | the time, but we probably have another year or two before it
       | becomes really common and gives people more "wow" moments.
       | 
       | So I think if one is skeptical of 5G, one needs to talk to people
       | that have been using "real" 5G (rather than 5G pushed out for
       | marketing reasons) and one might need to wait a few years as
       | networks get deployed. However, there are already so many people
       | that 5G is making a difference for and that number will grow over
       | time.
        
         | lstamour wrote:
         | That's a really good point. The first LTE cellphones I had were
         | much faster to connect than 3G when loading webpages, but they
         | weren't as fast as they got a few years later, as LTE-Advanced
         | started deploying, etc. Although part of the speed difference
         | was probably also due to faster storage and more new LTE bands.
         | 
         | I'd also point out that Canada had one of the fastest LTE
         | networks and still does. Presumably part of the difference is
         | having only a couple dense metro areas to cover. A monopoly on
         | high prices with few independent MVNOs also doesn't hurt.
        
         | BostonEnginerd wrote:
         | T-Mobile's 5G network has been able to get me off of Comcast
         | and onto their home internet service. Speeds in my neighborhood
         | have been great, typically 300Mbps download / 70Mbps upload.
         | 
         | I'm thankful that this has created competition in the home
         | internet market in my area.
        
           | binkHN wrote:
           | That upload speed is tremendous compared to Comcast's regular
           | offerings. How is your latency compared to Comcast? How is
           | your overall experience compared to Comcast during periods of
           | likely congestion?
        
             | BostonEnginerd wrote:
             | Ping times are higher for sure. I'll try to check what they
             | are when I get home.
             | 
             | Comcast worked quite well in my neighborhood. I always
             | received the speed I was being charged for. The TMobile
             | service isn't quite as reliable, but it's still quite good.
             | I spend a lot of time on video calls and never have any
             | issues even during high usage times.
        
         | binkHN wrote:
         | Excellent detailed write up; thank you very much for this.
         | 
         | >...my device often performs better with 5G off...
         | 
         | Unfortunately, I experience this as well and it's rather
         | annoying. I'm a T-Mobile subscriber and, oftentimes, my
         | experience is better using LTE versus 5G.
        
       | borski wrote:
       | This misses the fact that the increased bandwidth allows for
       | improved applications that _couldn't_ have existed without it.
       | 
       | Without broadband, we'd have fewer applications that could use
       | it. With widespread 5G, we now have the infrastructure (or soon
       | will) for a slew of applications that we haven't thought of yet
       | but couldn't have existed without the additional speed.
        
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