[HN Gopher] Scientists find microplastics in blood for first time
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Scientists find microplastics in blood for first time
        
       Author : smusamashah
       Score  : 152 points
       Date   : 2022-03-26 10:16 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (phys.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (phys.org)
        
       | refurb wrote:
       | Considering we've been implanting plastic parts (joints, heart
       | valves, Central lines) and using plastic IV lines, syringes, IV
       | bags, etc, all of which need to go through safety trials, I'm not
       | too concerned that there is some massive unseen safety risk here.
       | 
       | If it wasn't plastics it would likely be glass. And there are
       | millions of acre of fine powdered glass all over the world that
       | we breath in (sand).
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | I hope you're not breathing it in with any measureable amount.
         | That can cause silicosis.
        
           | refurb wrote:
           | Ever go to the beach? You're breathing in sand.
           | 
           | The dose makes the poison.
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | That's why I said measurable. The type of sand at the beach
             | generally has a composition that doesn't pose a risk
             | because there isn't enough of the fine particles to be
             | inhaled. There's no measurable amount as it's too low. If
             | it were measurable, that would be a problem as silicosis
             | damage is cumulative (mall doses over a lifetime).
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | It is perfectly measurable. When you are approaching this
               | with the precision that folks looking for micro-plastics
               | do to get published.
               | 
               | I believe there are orders of magnitude between something
               | like that being measurable and causing any symptoms that
               | would make it worth considering from medical point of
               | view.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | Sources?
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | There's nothing specific about it being plastic.
               | Detection methods are the same.
               | 
               | https://academic.oup.com/intqhc/article/33/2/mzab091/6295
               | 061
               | 
               | "Any glass participles smaller than 20 um were marked by
               | the examiner as 'sandy particles' and not precisely
               | measured."
               | 
               | People don't research that subject a lot because it's
               | known that small 'sandy particles' in the body are not
               | causing problems. But that doesn't mean they are
               | immeasurable.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | So nothing about particles on the beach, silicosis, and
               | your claim that we inhale them at a measurable rate?
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | Yes. Because finding 'sandy particles' in the body is
               | common and expected to the point that nobody cares about
               | them if you don't have any symptoms.
        
         | amatic wrote:
         | That hope that is true. All of this plastic might just be inert
         | and not cause any damage. Who knows how long have people been
         | having microplastics in their bloodstream. Decades? It is just
         | that no one tested for it.
        
           | svnt wrote:
           | The "better detection" excuse is always there. The major
           | source of microplastics is probably clothes dryers according
           | to one recent study. That means you can associate its risk to
           | probably clothes dryers, microfiber cloths, and plastics in
           | clothing. Adoption of those is going to have accelerated
           | dramatically in the last 30 years or so.
        
       | perfecthjrjth wrote:
       | When I was growing up, everything was glass: glass bottles for
       | tablets, etc. Then plastic took over. Every village/town in the
       | third world is littered with so much plastic without proper
       | disposal--ending up in local creeks, subsequently in oceans in
       | the rainy season.
        
       | psacawa wrote:
       | I'm constantly worried that despite the increased understanding
       | we have relative to past generations, the increasing scope of our
       | technological interventions means that global catastrophes seem
       | more likely to occur relative to the past. [0]
       | 
       | Look at the convulsions we need to go through to address climate
       | change politically, and realize that it is only one of maybe a
       | thousand potential grave threats, each of which pits collective
       | well-being against technological/monetary interests. Some may
       | even struggle to be recognized as a threat (antibiotic overuse,
       | microplastics).
       | 
       | It's a good time to be doomer.
       | 
       | [0] https://sacawa.net/documents/test.pdf
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | "which pits collective well-being against
         | technological/monetary interests."
         | 
         | Yeah tech/money interests are part of it. I think the bigger
         | part is lifestyle change. Most of the things that we would need
         | to change have no better alternatives that can also support the
         | current lifestyle. People are resistant to changing their
         | personal actions.
         | 
         | Some of it is entirely unknown too. We can't switch to electric
         | vehicles overnight, and EVs have environmental costs too. How
         | do we solve that? And what does a world without plastics look
         | like?
        
           | snek_case wrote:
           | > EVs have environmental costs too. How do we solve that?
           | 
           | We incrementally get better at it. For one thing, it should
           | be possible to power any mining, manufacturing or recycling
           | process with electricity.
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | If we want tackle those, then we also have to look at trade
             | policies. We've shipped most of the primary and secondary
             | industries to developing nations, where these concerns are
             | largely ignored. Some politicians talk a big environmental
             | game, but they won't dare touch on this subject. It's a
             | shell game.
        
               | drusenko wrote:
               | Let's not get defeatist and give up. Europe is
               | implementing a carbon border adjustment, and the U.S. is
               | discussing this as well. If implemented correctly this
               | should reduce the financial incentive to offshore
               | emissions and create one for other countries to reduce
               | their own.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | "and the U.S. is discussing this as well."
               | 
               | I haven't heard that. Do you have a link?
        
         | TrispusAttucks wrote:
         | The taller they are the harder they fall. Our global society is
         | so very tall.
        
         | CryptoPunk wrote:
         | My biggest concern is nuclear war. The death it would unleash
         | would make the COVID pandemic seem like an afternoon picnic,
         | and it would all happen in a frighteningly short period of
         | time. 4pm war starts. 5pm most of the people you know are dead.
         | This comes, far as I'm concerned, close to the end of the
         | world, and shouldn't be impossible, yet it isn't by a long
         | shot.
         | 
         | My second biggest concern is the rapid loss of natural habitats
         | and the concomitant loss of biodiversity.
        
           | jackling wrote:
           | Haven't looked into what a nuclear war would look like, but
           | would non-Nato, non-nuclear weapon holding counties be
           | affected that fast? Suppose I lived in Niger, would most
           | people I know be dead that fast? Would countries just hit any
           | ally to the opposition immediately? I understand that the
           | entire world will be affected and eventually the effects will
           | be felt.
        
         | nonrandomstring wrote:
         | > I'm constantly worried
         | 
         | That is itself the catastrophe.
         | 
         | The enlightenment was supposed to chase away the shadows. But
         | as the radius of the light of science and technology expands so
         | does the circumference of the darkness beyond.
         | 
         | We know more than ever how vulnerable we are. We know of many
         | more horrible ways to die. We see ever more beautiful possible
         | futures that may never be reached. It is the age old cost of
         | knowledge since Eden. [1]
         | 
         | But take hope, the alternative is ignorance and total darkness.
         | And there are worse things than monsters in the shadows. A
         | greater concern is our own death-drive toward Thanatos - in
         | that we _know_ what we are doing, throw caution to the wind,
         | mock as naysayers and Cassandras anyone who points out the
         | obvious trajectories into tragedy and blindly try to "push
         | through" as if technology were a separate force in itself,
         | rather than an extension of our being.
         | 
         | Humane technology (technological humanism) is the only
         | antidote, but that requires putting people before profit, and
         | saying that comes at a cost here. [2]
         | 
         | [1] I'm just channeling Mumford here
         | 
         | [2] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30799567
        
           | SpodGaju wrote:
           | Wonderful to see my own sentiment reflected here.
           | 
           | Let me add, that to embrace the darkness, instead of pushing
           | it away, is where we will find answers. I wish more people
           | could see how frenetic knowledge makes them. I found
           | forgetting helps me the most.
           | 
           | And I agree with your [2].
        
           | dcsommer wrote:
           | What alternatives to Technological Humanism are not
           | antidotes? It sounds like you consider the anxiety of the age
           | a/the major problem (I agree), but is there really only _one_
           | solution? It seems like there are other possibilities worth
           | discussion.
        
         | AQuantized wrote:
         | The current ability to produce so much food in the developed
         | world using modern fertilizer and methods, despite their
         | disadvantages, means the most common threat that challenged our
         | ancestors (famine) is barely present in many countries where it
         | was a continual threat since civilization developed. Only
         | global warming and nuclear war pose a similar threat, and only
         | the former is worse now than it has been in the past, even
         | given present circumstance.
        
         | abathur wrote:
         | I think it would be fitting if microplastics manage to yank our
         | chain before obviously-dangerous things like nukes or
         | antibiotic-resistant superbugs.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | There's a good chance they already are, but we just haven't
           | made the connection, because who do we have as a control
           | group? Nobody.
        
         | pibechorro wrote:
         | I would argue that doomer is a waste of time. Time to be a
         | prepper and realign our relationship to the planet. We could go
         | on and on about climate doom, etc, but the most productive
         | thing we can do is expect change, not apocalypse, and adjust.
         | 
         | Lead by example. Everyone reading this _can_ go full wind and
         | solar. Can stop driving or drastically cut it down (move
         | closer, use public transport, work remote, etc). We can all
         | grow food in our backyards, or living room, we can all
         | participate in local garden coops etc. We can all refuse to
         | take part in wars, buying new cell phones every year, wearing
         | synthetic fibers that lead to microplastics, etc.
         | 
         | If we, the ones who know and care dont take action today, by
         | example, who will?
         | 
         | Que excuses in 1, 2, 3...
        
           | SpodGaju wrote:
           | "Lead by example."
           | 
           | Yes. Can you tell me more about your set up and what you do
           | to minimize your foot print and consumption?
           | 
           | I live in a minivan on $2600 per month and still manage to
           | save money. But I still. feel like I am not doing enough. I
           | would like to get rid of my van altogether one day and just
           | have all my belongings in a modified push cart. Kinda of like
           | this guy but without the goats.
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U54HRmglYEA
           | 
           | EDIT: I see that people might be thinking that I said this
           | all sarcastically because of the down votes. But what I said
           | is all true. That is how I live right now. And yes, I feel
           | like I am not doing enough because I appreciate the calamity
           | that our actions are causing.
        
             | carapace wrote:
             | I love that goat guy, he's such an inspiration. I know most
             | people wouldn't want to live that way, and that's okay, but
             | I can only imagine the satisfaction and fulfillment he must
             | feel.
             | 
             | FWIW, we can build lifestyles that are ecologically
             | harmonious and still have a high standard of living. One
             | example (from the 1970's) is Village Homes in Davis CA,
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Village_Homes It's nicer than
             | most suburbs, and it grows food, collects rainwater, etc.
             | 
             | Here's a group that have a tried-and-true system for
             | ecologically harmonious farming:
             | http://growbiointensive.org/grow_main.html Their system
             | uses about 5000 square feet per person, provides a
             | nutritionally complete diet, and increases topsoil volume
             | and fertility over time.
             | 
             | Here's a fellow with a complete manual for small-scale
             | alcohol fuel production integrated into (Permaculture)
             | organic farms. http://alcoholcanbeagas.com/node/277 You can
             | grow your own carbon-neutral fuel, convert ICE cars and
             | other engines to run on it, and stop using fossil fuel, w/o
             | expensive and hard-to-dispose of batteries. Alcohol exhaust
             | is non-toxic. You can make it out of almost anything with
             | starch or sugar in it. (Old donut dough, bakery scraps,
             | food waste, etc.) The atoms in the fuel come from air and
             | water, so you are basically exporting stored sunlight from
             | your farm and keeping all the nutrients and minerals and
             | such. The leftovers from making alcohol can be fed to
             | livestock (yeast, eh? It's protein. The leftovers are a
             | better feed than the initial, uh, stuff!)
        
           | SpodGaju wrote:
           | And regarding excuses. Maybe we should be able to bring up
           | the road blocks and not call them excuses?
           | 
           | Like this in regards to solar that just popped up on my radar
           | today?
           | 
           | https://www.wral.com/rooftop-solar-rate-changes-could-
           | cast-l...
           | 
           | " NC Capitol NC Capitol Rooftop solar rate changes could cast
           | long shadow over industry, climate change Tags: solar, NC
           | Utilities Commission, utility bills, NCCapitol, Duke Energy,
           | house & home Posted March 25, 2022 6:22 p.m. EDT Updated
           | March 26, 2022 8:41 a.m. EDT
           | 
           | By Laura Leslie, WRAL Capitol Bureau Chief
           | 
           | Raleigh homeowners Gary and Jane Smith are very concerned
           | about climate change. They added a solar array in 2019 to
           | help reduce their carbon footprint.
           | 
           | "There was a tax credit and a rebate from Duke, and it began
           | to make financial sense to put the solar panels on," Gary
           | Smith said.
           | 
           | The panels frequently make more energy than the Smiths need.
           | Duke buys it back at full retail price. It's called net
           | metering.
           | 
           | But state law says that has to change by 2027.
           | 
           | "The worst case scenario that we could potentially walk into
           | is a complete erosion of this concept called net metering,"
           | said Matt Abele with the NC Sustainable Energy Association
           | (NCSEA). "Obviously, we would love to continue down the path
           | of net metering as it currently exists here in North
           | Carolina. But unfortunately, that's just not the reality of
           | how it's playing out."
           | 
           | NCSEA is one of the groups that negotiated the deal with Duke
           | Energy late last year. It will reduce what the utility pays
           | for rooftop solar power during most daylight hours. And it
           | will add a minimum bill for homeowners with solar panels."
           | 
           | So while we try to change individually, the corporations will
           | see a chance to profit. Duke Energy had a 12% net profit
           | margin with a gross profit of $4.4 Billion in December 2021.
           | 
           | I would say voicing your opinion that these utility companies
           | should publicly owned would be a good start.
        
             | anamax wrote:
             | Full net metering is asking folks without solar to
             | subsidize your "batteries", namely the power-grid.
             | 
             | Your power bill is more than just generation costs. It's
             | also distribution AND providing power 24/7, which household
             | solar (without storage) does NOT do.
             | 
             | Suppose that your power company charges $0.50/KwH at peak
             | time. They pay less than $0.50/KwH to other power
             | generators, so why should they pay that to someone with
             | rooftop solar?
             | 
             | Note that solar actually doesn't line up with demand all
             | that well. (Most panels are oriented for maximum power
             | production, which peaks too early in the day.)
        
               | SpodGaju wrote:
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | If net metering is available to me, I'd orient them for
               | maximum energy (what you called power) production as
               | well.
        
             | seanp2k2 wrote:
             | In California, we have the NEM 3.0 fight https://pv-
             | magazine-usa.com/2022/02/04/california-nem-3-0-de...
             | 
             | In other states (look up what happened in Nevada), rules
             | have been changed that massively rebalance the economy in
             | favor of not getting rooftop solar.
             | 
             | I agree with some of the other comments here about
             | renewables sometimes causing harm through their production
             | / lifecycle. Our best bet is the first "R": Reduce.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | > Duke Energy had a 12% net profit margin with a gross
             | profit of $4.4 Billion in December 2021.
             | 
             | Having previously invested in Duke Energy (but not
             | currently directly invested in them), that gross profit
             | figure seemed dramatically wrong. Because it is.
             | 
             | For the _quarter ending_ (not the month of) Dec 2021, Duke
             | Energy had a gross revenue of $6.2B, with a cost of revenue
             | of $3.6B, for a gross profit (for the quarter) of $2.7B
             | (figures are correct but seem incorrect due to rounding).
             | 
             | https://finance.yahoo.com/quote/DUK/financials/
        
               | DwnVoteHoneyPot wrote:
               | Gross profit isn't even a useful metric here. SpodGaju is
               | just cherry picking a number that's high to make it sound
               | outrageous. SpodGaju is ignoring all the infratructure
               | (and related costs) needed for reliable electricity.
        
               | SpodGaju wrote:
        
           | scotty79 wrote:
           | Not sure if you want to go where honest approach to this
           | takes you.
           | 
           | To make as little impact as possible you should use as little
           | resources as possible, so you should always choose cheapest,
           | most artificial, mass produced versions of everything,
           | including food, never travel, work as little as possible and
           | only remotely. Basically be poor or at least act poor in
           | every aspect of your life. Wear cheapest clothes and don't
           | buy a new pair until they literally fall apart to the point
           | that parts of you are sticking out that are illegal to stick
           | out.
           | 
           | You might say that it's not a healthy way to live. That's
           | even better, the sooner you die, the less resources you'll
           | use. Don't breed of course.
           | 
           | If you are afraid you might have trouble sticking to your
           | resolutions, then donate all of your wealth to something
           | environmental and just move out of US into some poor country.
           | It will do the bulk of your impact saving for you.
        
             | drusenko wrote:
             | This might be accurate today, but it ignores our ability to
             | make technological progress to make our current activities
             | low or no impact.
             | 
             | Further, this line of thinking - that you need to sacrifice
             | your lifestyle in order to save the planet - is IMO one of
             | if not the major reason we haven't made progress on
             | addressing climate change to date. Plainly put, people tend
             | to be short term selfish, even often at the expense of
             | their own long term interests, and they tend to not want to
             | change their behavior / habits.
             | 
             | We should instead focus on the technological progress that
             | we need to make in order to be able to not only maintain
             | our current lifestyles but possibly have them be better (eg
             | a Tesla is a better car, a heat pump is more comfortable
             | than a furnace, an induction stove boils water faster and
             | has more precise control, etc). To be clear, most of this
             | isn't technological invention it's implementation - a lot
             | and a lot of implementation.
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | I don't think we can wait on technological magic bullet
               | to deus ex machina save us from disaster.
               | 
               | Economy got us into this mess. Economy needs to get us
               | out.
               | 
               | Climate change would be already solved if somebody
               | figured out how the richest could earn more money when
               | the energy is more expensive rather than when it is
               | cheaper.
               | 
               | Billionaires would singlehandedly legislate all the
               | necessary laws that would make energy as expensive as it
               | really is to our planet. An our livestyles would change
               | against our selfish preference. You wouldn't fly abroad
               | for vacation if it costed more than your annual salary.
               | 
               | People in the developed world would need to be much
               | poorer in relative terms to save the planet from global
               | warming.
               | 
               | Tradeable right for emitting CO2 are great mechanism,
               | because they let rich get richer by driving up the price
               | of CO2 and the high price changes behaviors of energy
               | consumers, producers and whole economy.
        
             | svnt wrote:
             | Your classism is a big part of the problem.
             | 
             | What you describe is called asceticism, it has a long and
             | storied history with significant contributions to the long-
             | term cultural stability of humankind, and American culture
             | basically just hasn't been around long enough to develop it
             | yet.
        
               | scotty79 wrote:
               | > ... with significant contributions to the long-term
               | cultural stability of humankind
               | 
               | I don't think that's true. Leitmotif of history of
               | humankind is the exploitation of available resources to
               | the boundaries of reason and beyond.
        
           | milansm wrote:
           | This is exactly what I'll try to change in next 5 years. Have
           | a sustainable baseline: my own food (or at least 50% of it,
           | other 50% locally grown within ~10km) and energy independent
           | (for heating and cooking), and treat everything else as a
           | luxury that can perish any time now. I don't want to give up
           | my remote work, car and (occasional) luxury vacation, but
           | would love to be able to sustain myself without it. Current
           | life-style (apartment, frequent food orders, total dependency
           | on the power grid) is a ticking time bomb (which might not go
           | off in my lifetime) and feels like all-or-nothing gamble.
        
             | shafyy wrote:
             | Regarding food: What you eat is significantly more
             | important than where it comes from (there are a few
             | exceptions). Not eating meat and dairy is the biggest
             | impact you can have food-wise. Getting your potatoes from
             | within 10km or 1000km doesn't really matter in regards to
             | emissions. In fact, depending on where you live, locally
             | grown food can have a bigger environmental impact than non-
             | local food (due to artifical light, fertilizers,
             | greenhouses, etc.)
             | 
             | Source: https://ourworldindata.org/environmental-impacts-
             | of-food#whe...
        
             | SpodGaju wrote:
             | [1] "I don't want to give up my remote work, car and
             | (occasional) luxury vacation,"
             | 
             | [2] "Current life-style (apartment, frequent food orders,
             | total dependency on the power grid) is a ticking time bomb
             | (which might not go off in my lifetime) and feels like all-
             | or-nothing gamble."
             | 
             | To be honest you are not acting like you really believe [2]
             | in the least bit because of your statement in [1].
             | 
             | But you are not alone, all this is only expressed as some
             | superficial guilt for most people. "Yeah, I know my kids
             | and relatives will all suffer, but man I really love my car
             | and my vacations."
             | 
             | I am not judging you one bit, but just asking you to take
             | responsibility.
        
               | collegeburner wrote:
               | This is ridiculous. You are expecting people to take
               | aassive downgrade in standard of living. I spend years
               | working to make more money than everybody so I can live
               | better, not worse. And you are wrong, my kids will live
               | much better as well, because I will pass on that money.
        
               | svnt wrote:
               | You need a global frame of reference to solve a global
               | problem. You can get one on your own terms, or wait and
               | be domesticated by legislation.
        
               | collegeburner wrote:
               | Believe it or not, most Americans won't vote to
               | substantially reduce their own standard of living. Maybe
               | other people's, but not theirs.
               | 
               | > be domesticated
               | 
               | Fuck that. That's possibly the most condescending and
               | demeaning way you could have phrased it. But I'm assuming
               | you knew that and did it intentionally.
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | Legislation? That seems like a long shot to me,
               | especially in the US. I just can't see voters asking for
               | that legislation anytime soon.
        
               | sjmm1989 wrote:
               | You seem to have 'standard' and 'quality' conflated in
               | regards to 'living'.
               | 
               | Standards of living are always increasing because of
               | people's incorrect belief that everyone must live like a
               | king.
               | 
               | Quality of living or life as it were, is more about
               | making sure that whatever standard you live at is
               | providing the best quality it can offer for that life.
               | 
               | You are seeking a higher 'quality' of life, through
               | increasing your standard of living. This WILL result in a
               | higher quality of life, provided you have all the
               | necessary funds to support it. Absolutely. BUT, it comes
               | at costs that you and others will not always see or
               | understand immediately or even as fast as might be
               | preferred on even slower scales.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, if you instead just sought a higher quality of
               | life only, you would be likely be fine with some things
               | being at a slightly lower standard. Such as using transit
               | more often, instead of driving everywhere. You don't have
               | to not own a vehicle; you just have to not drive it
               | needlessly. Make sense?
               | 
               | Yes, I realize that reduces the convenience factor of the
               | vehicle, and yes I realize that transit is often
               | terrible... but the latter is often because it has to
               | compete with the former. Not just in regards to road
               | space, but also personal space. So I admit that there are
               | things that need to be fixed on that side as well.
               | Separate cabins within transit train systems would be a
               | good start I think.
               | 
               | Either or, the fact remains that many of us are able to
               | find ways to get around in society and do things that you
               | do as well. We just don't pollute as much. We live just
               | as well in some ways, maybe not as well in others. But
               | overall we have a roof over our heads, food in our
               | bellies, and half decent clothes at best covering us up.
               | (Disregarding the homeless problem of course... 1 problem
               | at a time...)
               | 
               | So anyways, the main point remains. Quality of life is
               | more important than whatever standard of living you think
               | you prefer to live at; because ultimately if your
               | standard of living isn't giving you the quality you seek,
               | then it's not worth it.
        
               | collegeburner wrote:
               | So you are saying maximize quality of life at a given
               | standard of living? Fine, but the maximum quality of life
               | at a higher standard is greater than the maximum quality
               | of life at a lower standard. Are you disputing that?
               | There's also that achieving maximum quality of life at a
               | given standard is hard, increasing standard of living can
               | actually be easier.
        
               | SpodGaju wrote:
        
               | milansm wrote:
               | I probably wasn't clear enough. I don't feel guilty
               | because of my life style, I feel like I'm in a trap. What
               | would happen with me and my family if power grid goes
               | down for a week? What about a month?
               | 
               | The point is, we can probably have best of both worlds if
               | we accept lifestyle change (IMO simple life close to
               | nature is an improvement, not degradation) where we enjoy
               | the benefits of technology, but not being dependent on
               | it.
               | 
               | Think living in a village, spending very little, eating
               | non processed, locally grown food, working remotely,
               | driving a car maybe a couple of times per month to visit
               | friends and do some shopping and that's it.
               | 
               | I'd like to do that not because I feel responsible for
               | climate change, inequality or whatever, but for personal
               | security, longevity, and quality of life reasons.
               | 
               | Edit: side effects of this lifestyle are less co2, less
               | pollution, resilient local economy and much more.
        
           | para_parolu wrote:
           | By any chance do you live in California or US?
        
           | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
           | While I certainly agree that everything you've said about
           | what an individual can do is true, I disagree that in the
           | grand scheme of things that it will make any difference at
           | global scale.
           | 
           | Telling people to change their lifestyle to fight climate
           | change is the environmental equivalent of telling people to
           | diet and exercise to lose weight. On one hand, it's obviously
           | true, but on the other hand we have decades and decades of
           | proof that requiring individual willpower to make societal-
           | wide change is a failed proposition.
           | 
           | Large scale change is only possible with government and
           | technological advancement, e.g. electric vehicle adoption is
           | in some ways accelerating _faster_ than expected, because as
           | battery prices have come down, people have realized that
           | electric vehicles are better in nearly every way. Better
           | storage technologies are also making large-scale renewable
           | energy sources more feasible.
           | 
           | So yes, it's a good idea to drive less and put solar panels
           | on your roof, but let's not pretend that the requisite number
           | of people will "follow your example" if it's too onerous for
           | them to do so.
        
             | blacksmith_tb wrote:
             | That all sounds accurate enough. I would say you won't get
             | PV on everyone's roofs without some major subsidies and/or
             | tax-breaks; or, I suppose, if natural gas prices increased
             | enormously... But any or all of those could come about,
             | without even a huge amount of political consensus, I would
             | think. I was lucky enough to buy a new home that the
             | builders had added solar to, so it was just part of the
             | mortgage for me, but cost of retrofitting is still not
             | negligible (even though the hardware is cheaper all the
             | time, the labor isn't)
        
           | Yoric wrote:
           | I agree with most of your points.
           | 
           | Please research solar and wind before switching, though.
           | Until we have solved the problem of energy storage, in many
           | cases, solar and wind actually tend to increase pollution,
           | because they both rely upon polluting raw materials for both
           | themselves and their batteries _and_ need backup power, which
           | to this day means gas.
           | 
           | That is unless you find yourself with a good problem set in
           | which e.g. you only need energy while the sun is out (AC in
           | the summer, maybe, or perhaps warming up water for your early
           | evening shower?) or while there is wind (no example from the
           | top of my head, but I'm sure there are good ones).
        
             | drusenko wrote:
             | Can you tell me more about why you are equating the mining
             | of metals for solar/batteries with climate changing GHGs -
             | eg why are they both equally as bad? I'm not disagreeing
             | with you, I am genuinely curious to hear your perspective.
             | 
             | I do generally agree with you on your second point that it
             | might not be the most productive action to take - for the
             | time being it would probably be better for most people to
             | focus on electrifying their homes paired with switching
             | over to 100% clean energy (many utilities allow you to
             | choose this option).
        
             | svnt wrote:
             | This argument is total oil company propaganda. Raw
             | materials do not pollute. Their mining and manufacture
             | does, but that again is _because of oil consumption_ in an
             | outdated manufacturing chain. Burning oil produces CO2. It
             | is chemically impossible to avoid this. Manufacturing
             | silicon and harvesting lithium do not produce CO2, and
             | these processes can be cleaned up.
        
               | DwnVoteHoneyPot wrote:
               | So you are agreeing with Yoric then? Doubling up in
               | energy infrastructure increases mining and manufacturing,
               | which then increases pollution. But then you say it's
               | propaganda?
        
               | ByteJockey wrote:
               | You seem to be using "pollute" as a synonym for
               | "releasing CO2", while Yoric does not.
               | 
               | I think the two of you are talking past each other.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | Concrete production requires CO2 from energy but also
               | releases CO2 from the chemical processes. (Concrete is
               | heavily used in wind energy production systems.)
        
             | KennyBlanken wrote:
             | > Until we have solved the problem of energy storage
             | 
             | We have. Pumped hydro and batteries (iron flow is
             | successfully being deployed commercially, but also lithium
             | ion; Li-Ion prices continue to drop 6-12% per year.)
             | 
             | > because they both rely upon polluting raw materials for
             | both themselves and their batteries and need backup power,
             | which to this day means gas.
             | 
             | No.
             | 
             | https://e360.yale.edu/features/three-myths-about-
             | renewable-e...
             | 
             | > To pick a much tougher case, the "dark doldrums" of
             | European winters are often claimed to need many months of
             | battery storage for an all-renewable electrical grid. Yet
             | top German and Belgian grid operators find Europe would
             | need only one to two weeks of renewably derived backup
             | fuel, providing just 6 percent of winter output -- not a
             | huge challenge.
             | 
             | > The bottom line is simple. Electrical grids can deal with
             | much larger fractions of renewable energy at zero or modest
             | cost, and this has been known for quite a while. Some
             | European countries with little or no hydropower already get
             | about half to three-fourths of their electricity from
             | renewables with grid reliability better than in the U.S. It
             | is time to get past the myths.
             | 
             | https://www.theguardian.com/environment/blog/2012/sep/26/my
             | t...
             | 
             | > The essence of the wind sceptics' case is that a scaling
             | up in wind power will have to be "backed up" by massive
             | investment in gas-fired open cycle turbine (OCGT) plants,
             | which are cheap to build but considerably less efficient
             | than the combined cycle gas turbine (CCGT) power plants
             | which deliver the vast majority of the UK's gas-fired
             | electricity supply.
             | 
             | > Their arguments are not borne out by current statistics,
             | however. If the sceptics were right, the recent windy
             | conditions would have seen considerable use of less-
             | efficient OCGT as wind input to the grid ramped up and
             | down. In actual fact, during the entire June-September
             | period, OCGTs and equally dirty oil-fired stations produced
             | less than one hundredth of one percent of all UK
             | electricity. In total they operated for a grand total of
             | just nine half hour periods in the first 19 days of the
             | month - and these periods had nothing to do with changing
             | windspeeds.
             | 
             | Further references:
             | 
             | https://usa.oceana.org/renewable-energy-myth-vs-fact/
             | 
             | https://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy05osti/37657.pdf
             | 
             | Stick to writing web browsers.
        
       | throwoutway wrote:
       | How do we know the plastics didn't come from the method they took
       | the sample? Whenever I have given a blood sample, plastic tubing
       | was used.
        
         | stjohnswarts wrote:
         | what? They draw blood with needles and use little glass
         | thingies to hold it. They aren't going to draw a liter of blood
         | to check it for plastic, they just need a small sample. There
         | might be some plastic involved somewhere but they aren't stupid
         | enough to not control that. I mean there scientists. If you
         | thought of it they thought of that and a dozen more things to
         | be careful about.
        
           | throwoutway wrote:
           | I was wrong sorry. I was thinking of a different medical
           | experience with lots of tubes I had, and donating blood. I
           | guess I havent done just a tube & glass thingy
        
             | stjohnswarts wrote:
             | Unfortunately the vampires draw 3 or 4 test tubes of it
             | every year from me for my annual checkup. At least my
             | doctor is thorough with the tests :)
        
       | throwaway290 wrote:
       | This study found infant bodies are exposed to more microplastics
       | per kilo of body weight than adults (NY):
       | https://pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/acs.estlett.1c00559.
        
       | decasteve wrote:
       | Clothing is mostly plastic fibre nowadays. Upholstery fibres too.
       | Walls are painted with acrylic paint. Flooring is often made of
       | various plastics. I assume the dust in our homes that we breathe
       | in contains relatively a lot of plastic. Containers for food are
       | almost entirely plastic.
       | 
       | I'm interested in these sorts of studies on the topic.
        
         | funstuff007 wrote:
         | > Clothing is mostly plastic fibre nowadays.
         | 
         | I think that's true primarily for athleisure. That being said,
         | it's a very large segment of the market. I was recently in
         | Banana Republic and it was quite hard to find a pair of pants
         | one would want to wear outside of the house.
         | 
         | Some what related: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sU55auqDD28
        
           | chrismeller wrote:
           | Which annoys me as well... yoga pants aren't meant to be
           | normal attire.
        
           | SpodGaju wrote:
           | "I think that's true primarily for athleisure."
           | 
           | It is not. Go into any Walmart (and I bring up Walmart
           | because that is where most people shop who are just going
           | about their daily lives) and try to find clothing with no
           | petroleum based material in it.
           | 
           | And then try to look on Amazon. Most of the clothing sold
           | there you cannot even find the material list for the product.
           | It will say "cotton" but it is usually only the major
           | material, not 100% cotton.
           | 
           | Here is a good example: https://www.amazon.com/Fruit-Loom-
           | Cotton-100-Sleeve/dp/B001C...
           | 
           | 100% cotton preshrunk jersey but...????? Ash is 98/2
           | cotton/poly Athletic Heather is 90/10 cotton/poly Black
           | Heather, Neon Green, Neon Pink, Safety (Green, Orange) -
           | 50/50 cotton/poly
           | 
           | And then it's Amazon, so you have shipping and every other
           | climate destroying feature of that distribution system.
        
             | moonchrome wrote:
             | >clothing with no petroleum based material in it.
             | 
             | That's a far cry from the claim "Clothing is mostly plastic
             | fibre". Having 5%-20% polyester is not the same as being
             | "mostly plastic".
        
               | pessimizer wrote:
               | The person you're replying to said that clothing
               | _marketed as cotton_ is 5-20% polyester.
        
         | chrismeller wrote:
         | I'm sorry, but where is it mostly plastic? Sure I can buy a
         | completely polyester T-shirt, but that doesn't mean it's
         | _mostly_ plastic.
         | 
         | And for the record, in the EU, it lists the contents of
         | shell/lining differently for things like coats. If you're
         | buying anything with elastic it's obvious where the 5% of non-
         | natural materials are, even if it's not broken out separately.
         | 
         | Plastic containers are also increasingly non-existent here.
         | Vegeware has been used here for years for takeout, and most
         | people use glass containers at home.
         | 
         | Ironically a company just started that sells reusable plastic
         | containers to restaurants and you pay a EUR1 deposit on each
         | one, which you can then return to some collection point just
         | like your recycling. Seems stupid to me, given the climate
         | impact of producing the plastic (and the inevitable amount of
         | waste involved) and then transporting it to a collection point,
         | but whatever.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | They should test the blood of, say, Amish people for
         | comparison.
        
           | DoingIsLearning wrote:
           | I can't find the quote now but that is actually one of the
           | issues with PFAS studies. They couldn't find people they
           | could use as a control group.
           | 
           | Literally everyone has it in their body, even in very remote
           | regions.
        
             | semi-extrinsic wrote:
             | Sure, why would we not? It is widely used in consumer
             | products. We cook our food in Teflon.
             | 
             | But I'm very far from convinced that PFOA will turn out to
             | be any health risk at all, at the levels the general
             | population is exposed to.
             | 
             | Even for the mid-Ohio valley cohorts, where you have tens
             | of thousands of people who had occupational exposure over
             | decades at up to 1000x the dose any of us will receive, it
             | has been very challenging to clearly demonstrate any
             | adverse health effects.
             | 
             | In the end, we are talking about an extremely inert
             | chemical substance. If it doesn't react with anything, it's
             | hard to see how it should cause significant harm.
        
               | elil17 wrote:
               | The EPA has put out a health advisory about PFOA and
               | PFOS:
               | 
               | > EPA's health advisories are based on the best available
               | peer-reviewed studies of the effects of PFOA and PFOS on
               | laboratory animals (rats and mice) and were also informed
               | by epidemiological studies of human populations that have
               | been exposed to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). These
               | studies indicate that exposure to PFOA and PFOS over
               | certain levels may result in adverse health effects,
               | including developmental effects to fetuses during
               | pregnancy or to breastfed infants (e.g., low birth
               | weight, accelerated puberty, skeletal variations), cancer
               | (e.g., testicular, kidney), liver effects (e.g., tissue
               | damage), immune effects (e.g., antibody production and
               | immunity), thyroid effects and other effects (e.g.,
               | cholesterol changes).
               | 
               | https://www.epa.gov/ground-water-and-drinking-
               | water/drinking...
               | 
               | I'm no chemist but this seems like there's at least a
               | good bit of scientific evidence that supports the idea
               | that some PFAS are dangerous.
        
               | stjohnswarts wrote:
               | I've been using ceramic based everything in my kitchen
               | for a while. I honestly don't know anyone who uses those
               | old nonstick teflon pots, pans, skillets anymore. Just
               | ceramic coated and cast iron like me.
        
               | DoingIsLearning wrote:
               | Most people don't realize that many waterproofing
               | coatings in jackets, boots and even waterproof makeup
               | have PFAS's.
               | 
               | Same goes for lubricants, from bicycle gears to door
               | hinges to any manufactured good with moving parts.
               | 
               | Just about anything in modern industry will have, by now,
               | already contaminated you with PFAS.
        
           | aaaaaaaaaaab wrote:
           | Or Otzi.
        
       | Proven wrote:
        
       | stjohnswarts wrote:
       | Surprises me that the NIH isn't doing more to investigate this.
       | Maybe it will turn out that they're basically inert and won't do
       | much but that's not something I want to cross my finger and hope
       | about.
        
         | Nbox9 wrote:
         | Plastic is an oil (by)product and the oil industry is one of
         | the top three lobbies in the US. We cannot count on public
         | institutions to seriously address this issue.
        
       | steve76 wrote:
        
       | nargella wrote:
       | Toothpaste blows my mind. It's literally plastic in some baking
       | soda type substance. Extra whitening? Larger plastic.
        
         | Yoric wrote:
         | Is that the case of powder toothpaste, too?
        
         | Aurelius3 wrote:
         | Source on this? I heard they banned microbeads in toothpaste,
         | does this remove all plastics or is there more?
        
         | stjohnswarts wrote:
         | no it's not, it's fluoride and some soapy binders like SLS and
         | ceramics or baking soda for whitening/cleaning. I suppose some
         | of the tube might break off and form these microplastics,
         | however I don't know too many people swallowing their
         | toothpaste leftovers. It's a bad idea as you shouldn't ingest
         | that much fluoride, which is much more highly concentrated than
         | fluroide in water. If you're talking about microbeads then
         | those were outlawed in toothpaste/cosmetics/etc in 2016, which
         | went in effect in 2017.
        
           | b215826 wrote:
           | There are toothpastes that contain plastic microbeads [1][2]
           | and an FDA ban (for < 5mm size beads) came in effect only in
           | 2015. Some toothpastes also have polyethele "specks" to
           | provide color [3],
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.colgate.com/en-us/oral-health/brushing-and-
           | floss...
           | 
           | [2]: https://www.motherjones.com/environment/2015/05
           | /microbeads-exfoliators-plastic-face-scrub-toothpaste/
           | 
           | [3]: https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/gum-balls/
        
         | burlesona wrote:
         | Source? Wikipedia has pages on the various ingredients, which
         | are a lot more complex than I realized, but I'm not seeing
         | plastics...
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toothpaste
        
       | dwighttk wrote:
       | >"This is proof that we have plastics in our body--and we
       | shouldn't,"
       | 
       | Why shouldn't we?
        
         | jsnodlin wrote:
        
         | BolexNOLA wrote:
         | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34185251/
         | 
         | > Whilst definitive evidence linking microplastic consumption
         | to human health is currently lacking, results from correlative
         | studies in people exposed to high concentrations of
         | microplastics, model animal and cell culture experiments,
         | suggest that effects of microplastics could include provoking
         | immune and stress responses and inducing reproductive and
         | developmental toxicity. Further research is required to explore
         | the potential implications of this recent contaminant in our
         | environment in more rigorous clinical studies.
         | 
         | We need more studies but the current signs are not good.
        
       | guilhas wrote:
       | Why only now? Were the subjects covid vaccinated?
       | 
       | Doesn't mRNA vaccines contain polymers?
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41565-021-01001-3
       | 
       | I think that is a relevant question now for many scientific
       | studies now since a large part of the population has been
       | vaccinated in some places and age groups
       | 
       | Direct reference, only a small vaccine reference
       | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S016041202...
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | b215826 wrote:
       | But wasn't MPs detected in human placenta before? [1]
       | 
       | > _In total, 12 microplastic fragments (ranging from 5 to 10 mm
       | in size), with spheric or irregular shape were found in 4
       | placentas (5 in the fetal side, 4 in the maternal side and 3 in
       | the chorioamniotic membranes); all microplastics particles were
       | characterized in terms of morphology and chemical composition.
       | All of them were pigmented; three were identified as stained
       | polypropylene a thermoplastic polymer, while for the other nine
       | it was possible to identify only the pigments, which were all
       | used for man-made coatings, paints, adhesives, plasters, finger
       | paints, polymers and cosmetics and personal care products._
       | 
       | [1]: https://files.catbox.moe/023yyt.pdf
        
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