[HN Gopher] Nvidia Research Turns 2D Photos into 3D Scenes
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Nvidia Research Turns 2D Photos into 3D Scenes
        
       Author : bcaulfield
       Score  : 463 points
       Date   : 2022-03-25 20:51 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blogs.nvidia.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blogs.nvidia.com)
        
       | XorNot wrote:
       | So the part which makes this interesting to me is the speed. My
       | new desire in our video conferencing world these days has been to
       | have my camera on but running a corrected model of myself so I
       | can sustain apparently eye-contact without needing to look
       | directly at the camera.
        
         | jamiek88 wrote:
         | https://osxdaily.com/2021/05/12/enable-eye-contact-facetime-...
        
       | MrYellowP wrote:
       | > Blink of an AI
       | 
       | I know this post adds nothing, but that one's well worth being
       | pointed out.
        
       | aaron695 wrote:
        
       | rawoke083600 wrote:
       | I'm guessing if you can "detect/recognize" an object in 2D space,
       | you could guestimate it's "missing-dimension" i.e depth.
       | 
       | If you detect an apple in a photo, you could quite reliably guess
       | how the back look
       | 
       | Still very cool :)
        
       | siavosh wrote:
       | I'm curious for those that work with NeRFs what their results
       | look like for random images as opposed to the 'nice' ones that
       | are selected for publications/demos.
        
       | jrib wrote:
       | Just want to say I appreciate the cleverness of the title.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | ge96 wrote:
       | Comment related to top comment
       | 
       | Was talking to someone 2 days ago, just died randomly, early
       | 40's. It's trippy, I have data of this person's face eg.
       | videos/base64 strings... it's eerie. Unanswered texts wondering
       | what's wrong. My thinking is I was only exposed to a part of this
       | person, won't be them fully if reproduced.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | daenz wrote:
       | >The model requires just seconds to train on a few dozen still
       | photos -- plus data on the camera angles they were taken from --
       | and can then render the resulting 3D scene within tens of
       | milliseconds.
       | 
       | Generating the novel viewpoints is almost fast enough for VR,
       | assuming you're tethered to a desktop computer with whatever GPUs
       | they're using (probably the best setup possible).
       | 
       | The holy grail (from my estimation) is getting both the training
       | and the rendering to fit into a VR frame budget. They'll probably
       | achieve it soon with some very clever techniques that only
       | require differential re-training as the scene changes. The result
       | will be a VR experience with live people and objects that feels
       | photorealistic, because it essentially is based on real photos.
        
         | dexter89_kp3 wrote:
         | You could train the initial model in sim and do sim2real
         | finetuning. Someone must be working on this already
        
         | simsla wrote:
         | > plus data on the camera angles they were taken from
         | 
         | Doesn't seem like much of a stretch to determine the angles as
         | well.
         | 
         | E.g. a semi brute forced way with GANs
        
           | riotnrrd wrote:
           | You don't even need anything that fancy. Traditional
           | structure-from-motion, or visual odometry gives accurate
           | enough position estimations.
           | 
           | If you want to experiment, take a bunch (~100) of photos of
           | an object, and use COLMAP to generate the poses. COLMAP
           | implements a global SfM technique, so it will be very
           | accurate but very slow.
        
           | c4wrd wrote:
           | I've spent a lot of time thinking about this (i.e. taking a
           | video and creating a 3D scene) and I don't think that it is
           | feasible in most cases to have good accuracy. If you need to
           | infer the angle, you need make a lot of biased assumptions
           | about things like velocity, position, etc., of the camera and
           | even if you were 99.9% accurate, that 0.1% inaccuracy is
           | compounded over time. Now I'm not saying it's not possible,
           | but I'd believe that if you want an accurate 3D scene, you'd
           | rather be spending your computation budget on things other
           | than determining those angles when it can be simply be
           | provided by hardware.
        
             | krasin wrote:
             | https://github.com/NVLabs/instant-ngp has a script that
             | converts a video into frames and then uses COLMAP ([1]) to
             | compute camera poses. You can then train a NeRF model
             | within a few seconds.
             | 
             | It all works pretty well. Trying it on your own video is
             | pretty straightforward.
             | 
             | 1. https://colmap.github.io/
        
             | riotnrrd wrote:
             | You're far too pessimistic (or maybe you don't know the
             | field well). The problem of estimating the relative poses
             | of the cameras responsible for a set of photos is a long
             | standing and essentially "solved" problem in computer
             | vision. I say "solved" because there is still active
             | research (increasing accuracy, faster, more robust, etc.)
             | but there are decades-old, well known techniques that any
             | dedicated programmer could implement in a week.
             | 
             | If you're genuinely curious, look into structure from
             | motion, visual odometry, or SLAM.
        
             | doliveira wrote:
             | > even if you were 99.9% accurate, that 0.1% inaccuracy is
             | compounded over time
             | 
             | Not really, with SLAM there are various algorithms to keep
             | inaccuracy in check. Basically it works by a feedback loop
             | of guessing an estimate for position and then updating it
             | using landmarks.
        
         | hwers wrote:
         | You can just make a mesh once you have the NeRF, which is
         | plenty fast for VR. (What's important isn't new perspective
         | generation but scene training. New perspective generation
         | doesn't have to be real time just within a reasonable time to
         | preprocess and then make a mesh.)
        
           | andybak wrote:
           | The meshes I've seen from nerfs are pretty horrible and you
           | lose many of the things that make nerfs interesting in the
           | first place.
        
             | hwers wrote:
             | That doesn't make much sense. You should be able to get
             | arbitrarily good meshes by generating more and more
             | viewpoints.
        
               | andybak wrote:
               | OK. So that's using a render of a NERFfield as input into
               | photogrammetry? Yeah - that might be more feasible. I was
               | talking about directly generating a mesh from the NERF
               | density itself (marching cubes).
               | 
               | But NERFs can capture and render things that are very
               | difficult subjects for photogrammetry: Fur, vegetation,
               | reflective or transparent surfaces etc.
        
       | Zenst wrote:
       | My first thoughts seeing this is darn, Facebook will with there
       | metaverse, be drinking this up for content. So much so that my
       | thoughts of, would I be shocked if Facebook/Meta made a play to
       | buy Nvidia! Certainly wouldn't shock me as much now as it would
       | before this given how they are banking upon the metaverse/VR
       | being there new growth divergance, what with the leveling of with
       | current services user base after well over a decade and a half.
       | 
       | Certainly though, game franchised films would become a lot more
       | imersive, though I do hope that whole avenue dosn't become
       | sameish with this tech overly learned upon.
       | 
       | But one thing for sure, I can't wait to bullet-time the film -
       | The Wizzard of OZ with this tech :).
        
         | preommr wrote:
         | Dude, this isn't 2015 anymore - Nvidia has a higher market cap
         | than Meta.
         | 
         | The days of Meta being a giant that can continously buyout
         | other companies to keep stayling alive are coming to an end.
        
       | anyfactor wrote:
       | Tangent
       | 
       | I wonder what happens to most people when they see innovation
       | such as this. Over the years I have seen numerous mind-blowing AI
       | achievement, which essentially feel like miracles. Yet literally
       | after an hour I forget what I even saw. I don't find these
       | innovations to have a lasting impression on me or on the internet
       | except for the times when these solutions are released to the
       | public for tinkering and they end up failing catastrophically.
       | 
       | I remember having the same feeling about chatbots and TTS
       | technology literally ages ago, but at present time, the practical
       | use of these innovation feel very mediocre.
        
         | tomatowurst wrote:
         | hmmm I really find this to be different from chatbots, in fact
         | it took me a lot of skepticism to overcome before using github
         | copilot and I saw a new reality where it became part of the
         | process, albeit, not as prolific but enough to make me ponder
         | what the next evolution might be.
         | 
         | For 3D modelers, this is huge since it takes a lot of
         | experience and grunt work to put the right touches to get an
         | even a boilerplate 3D model. So much so that many game
         | companies have outsourced non-human 3d modeling, this would
         | certainly impact those markets.
         | 
         | 1) It could further lower the cost and improve quality.
         | 
         | 2) Studios could move back those time-consuming tasks on-shore
         | and put an experienced in house artist/modeler to manage the
         | production.
         | 
         | 3) Hybrid of both
         | 
         | What I see here is that NeRF has a far more impact to the 3d
         | modeling/animating industry than github copilot. Another
         | certainty is that we are going to see faster rate innovation.
         | We are at a point where a paper released merely months ago are
         | being completely outpaced by another. The improvement in
         | training time that NeRF offers is insane, especially given how
         | quickly this new approach came out.
         | 
         | We could be at a future where the release of AI achievements
         | will not be able to keep up with published works. It would be
         | as fast as somebody tweeting a new technique, only to be
         | outdone by somebody weeks or possibly days.
         | 
         | Truly exciting times.
        
         | rilezg wrote:
         | I think with any tech demo (or other corporate PR piece), it is
         | good to assume the worst, because companies spin things to be
         | as ducky as possible. This is a self-reinforcing cycle, because
         | if two companies have identical products, then the best liar--
         | er, marketer--will win.
         | 
         | (not to say this sort of behavior is exclusive to corporate PR.
         | as the best and smartest person ever, I would never need to
         | exaggerate my achievements on a job application, but others
         | may)
        
         | kderbyma wrote:
         | just like most education is useless and mostly forgotten. Only
         | when we can apply it will it be meaningful
        
         | shultays wrote:
         | I would love to see this being popular in VR. I enjoy google
         | earth in VR way too much (it is just 360 photos) and there are
         | some 3d real scenes you can walk in
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | I immediately think of profitable applications
         | 
         | Another comment mentioned education: I take classes, formal
         | education, for things that are immediately applicable for me
         | right at the time
         | 
         | So its pretty consistent for me
         | 
         | Another thing that might be different is that I don't go for
         | perfect or good enough, or worry that an existing alternative
         | like "having an FTP account, mounting it locally with
         | curlftpfs, and then using SVN or CVS on the mounted filesystem"
         | might already exist, I just go for novelty and am selling to
         | people that also like novelty
        
         | TulliusCicero wrote:
         | The problem is that when the thing is initially announced, it's
         | not useful to anyone yet, because it's not productionized and
         | released to the general public.
         | 
         | But then once it IS released to the general public, it's
         | probably been at least several months, maybe even multiple
         | years since the announcement, so people are like, " _yawn_ ,
         | this is old news."
        
         | astrange wrote:
         | TTS is extremely useful - many people use car nav, TikTok,
         | screen readers, etc even if they don't like voice assistants.
         | 
         | Neural TTS is so good now it's being used to fake the original
         | voice actors in video game mods.
        
           | hackernewds wrote:
           | besides being very helpful for edge case uses such as for
           | differently abled people (maybe this is subjective) but I
           | don't find any of these to be exciting or mundane life
           | quality improvements at all for the general population.
        
         | fleischhauf wrote:
         | I have the impression, that now some of them seem to really end
         | up in some practical applications. Funnily enough someone just
         | today showed me a feature of his phone where you can select
         | some undesired objects in youe photo and it would just replace
         | them with a fitting background indistinguishable from the
         | original photo.
        
           | hackernewds wrote:
           | Magic eraser on Pixel?
        
           | Groxx wrote:
           | It's rather entertaining when this happens in the opposite
           | direction automatically too:
           | https://twitter.com/mitchcohen/status/1476351601862483968
        
             | Kerrick wrote:
             | The followup on that is... it didn't happen. There was a
             | leaf in the foreground, and the depth of field in the photo
             | was large enough that it was in focus rather than blurring.
             | https://twitter.com/mitchcohen/status/1476951534160257026
        
             | efraim wrote:
             | In a follow up tweet it looks like there was a leaf on a
             | tree in the foreground that obscured her face, not an AI
             | replacement.
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | It was already debunked. If you scroll down in that Twitter
             | thread, you read:
             | 
             | > Big news! I sent @sdw the original image. He theorized a
             | leaf from a foreground tree obscured the face. I didn't
             | think anything was in view, and the closest tree is a
             | Japanese Maple (smaller leaves). But he's right! Here's a
             | video I just shot, showing the parallax. Wow!
        
       | ksec wrote:
       | Nvidia is really turning into an AI powerhouse. The moat around
       | CUDA, and how those target customer aren't as stringent about
       | budget, especially when the hardware cost is tiny compare to what
       | they do.
       | 
       | I wonder if they could reach a trillion market cap.
        
         | bloodyplonker22 wrote:
         | it's not a matter of "if", but "when" they will reach a
         | trillion dollar market cap.
        
           | ksec wrote:
           | Well I think that is a little optimistic in the near terms.
           | Considering there has never been a Semi-Conductor player
           | reaching that milestone without a Fab. So Nvidia will be a
           | first. At current P/E of 70, Semiconductor industry average
           | is only ~30. Realistically Nvidia will need to _triple_ their
           | revenue at a fair P /E. I could see that in Data Center,
           | reaching $30B revenue per year within next ~5 years. And this
           | is already larger than Intel's DataCenter record revenue. We
           | are still $30B short coming from Gaming and Professional
           | Visualisation. Intel already has their GPU play ready in
           | 2022. ( Assuming it is competitive. ). i.e Nvidia will need
           | to find another massive market to conquer to reach that
           | Trillion Market Cap status.
        
       | alanwreath wrote:
       | I'm probably going to ramp up the number of photos I take in hope
       | that google photos auto applies this tech
        
         | jamiek88 wrote:
         | I'm gonna do the same particularly dog pics. I'd love to bring
         | my old dogs back to virtual life. Have old spanky (died a
         | decade ago) running with lilybean (current version) in iMovie.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | Google has done some expirements from people taking very
         | similarly framed images from different times to create
         | timelapse videos, so that would hint to me they definitely have
         | the content to try.
         | 
         | There was an article here some time back that showed streets in
         | NYC that used this kind of idea of using older photographs to
         | put one in street view of older NYC. So, yeah, I'm guessing it
         | could be done. Might be weird with the different quality of
         | images (modern digital, polaroids, kodachrome, etc).
        
       | danamit wrote:
       | I am kinda skeptical, AI demos are impressive but the real world
       | results are underwhelming.
       | 
       | How much it resources it takes to generate images like that? is
       | this the most ideal situation?
       | 
       | Can you take images from the web and based on metadata make a
       | better street view?
       | 
       | With all this AI where is one accessible translation service? or
       | even an accent-adjusting service? or just good auto-subtitles?
        
         | visarga wrote:
         | This is essentially like a 3D JPEG, but instead of modelling
         | the image with Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) they use a
         | neural net. So the neural net itself will learn just that one
         | image and be able to reproduce it point by point, from various
         | angles. A whole network for just one example, and an innovative
         | way to look at what a neural network can be.
        
       | dharma1 wrote:
       | In terms of practical use - is there a pipeline to use the NeRF
       | 3D scenes in Unreal Engine? How many photos do you need on
       | average vs photogrammetry? 50% less?
        
         | Synaesthesia wrote:
         | This is not a textured polygon asset, it's a neural field, so
         | it's like stored the directional data in a neural network, I
         | think using spherical harmonics.
        
           | dharma1 wrote:
           | That's ok, just need some level of integration with UE (being
           | able to /integrate with UE camera etc). Specifically
           | interested in using this for LED green screens that sync to a
           | live camera movement (Mandalorian style). Our pipeline uses
           | UE, Nvidia cards and photogrammetry/plates/3D models atm,
           | this could speed things up a lot and require less photos for
           | creating the 3D backgrounds.
        
       | woah wrote:
       | Are there examples of this being used on large outdoor spaces?
        
         | krasin wrote:
         | Yes, Waymo did the whole San Francisco block:
         | https://waymo.com/research/block-nerf/
        
           | noduerme wrote:
           | There's something very uncanny-valley about that video. I
           | can't decide if it's the smoothness of the shading on the
           | textures or if it's the way the parallax perspective on the
           | buildings sometimes is just a tiny bit off. I don't generally
           | get motion sickness from VR but I feel like this would cause
           | it.
        
             | renewiltord wrote:
             | Could just be the lighting on the reconstruction. It's not
             | meant to be photorealistic. It's freaking nuts how they can
             | do this.
        
             | jowday wrote:
             | You'll find this is true of all NeRFs if you spend time
             | playing around with them. If a NeRF is trying to render
             | part of an object that wasn't observered in the input
             | images, it's going to look strange, since it's ultimately
             | just guessing at the appearance. The NVidia example in the
             | link has the benefit of focusing on a single entity that's
             | centered in all of the input photographs - the effect is
             | much more pronounced in large scale scenes with tons of
             | objects, like the Waymo one. You can still see some of this
             | distortion in the NVidia one - pay close attention to the
             | backside of the woman's left shoulder. You'll see a faint
             | haze or blur near her shoulder - the input images didn't
             | contain a clear shot of it from multiple angles, so the
             | model has to guess when rendering it.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | I know when doing typical 2D video based rotoscoping it
               | is possible to use frames from before/after the current
               | frame to see data that is being blocked in the current
               | frame. It's also common in restoration when removing
               | scrathes/hair in the gate/etc.
               | 
               | To that end, I wonder if exporting a similar bit of video
               | from that same path exported as stills would be enough to
               | generate the 3D version.
        
               | jowday wrote:
               | The nerf already does this - the problem is when part of
               | the object doesn't appear in any of the frames.
        
           | gundmc wrote:
           | Woah, this video is way more interesting than the Nvidia
           | polaroid teaser in the original link.
        
             | krasin wrote:
             | Still, NVIDIA's achievement (and Thomas Muller in
             | particular) is amazing. Thomas and his collaborators
             | achieved an almost 1000x performance improvement, by a
             | combination of algorithmical and implementation tricks.
             | 
             | I highly recommend trying this at home:
             | 
             | https://nvlabs.github.io/instant-ngp/
             | 
             | https://github.com/NVlabs/instant-ngp
             | 
             | Very straightforward and gives better insight into what
             | NeRF is than any shiny marketing demo.
        
               | cinntaile wrote:
               | Waymo needed 2.8 million images to create that scene, I
               | wonder how many Nvidia would need? Or was the focus only
               | on speed? I skimmed the article and didn't really find
               | info on that.
        
               | krasin wrote:
               | Waymo essentially trained several NeRF models for Block-
               | NeRF that are rendered together. It's conceivable that
               | NVIDIA's instant-ngp could be used for that.
        
       | xrd wrote:
       | This nerf project is cool too.
       | 
       | https://github.com/bmild/nerf
       | 
       | I've been trying to get GANs to do this for a while, but NeRFs
       | look like the perfect fit.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | What's new about this? That it's faster? People have been
       | reconstructing 3D images from multiple photos for over a decade.
       | The experimental work today is constructing a 3D image from a
       | single photo, using a neural net to fill in a reasonable model of
       | the stuff you can't see.
        
         | mkaic wrote:
         | it's not just faster, it's _extremely_ faster. They 're
         | achieving results that are better than SOTA in a _fraction_ of
         | the time. Wildly impressive work.
        
           | csee wrote:
           | This type of thing looks like the future of Meta or even Zoom
           | to me.
        
         | idworks1 wrote:
         | Five years ago, I've used common software to do this. I had to
         | take hundreds of pictures of a scene, getting as many angles
         | and details possible. Then when you pass it to the computer.
         | Stitching it all together took well beyond 24 hours.
         | 
         | Now that I had a 3d model of the scene, I had to spend
         | countless hours cleaning it up to make sure it was useable.
         | Maybe in the last 5 years, things have improved.
         | 
         | But this demo used 4 pictures. And apparently, it rendered the
         | final image in seconds. That's what's new.
        
           | shultays wrote:
           | Did it really use only 4 pictures? Do you have a source?
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30810885
        
           | matsemann wrote:
           | If I understand it correctly it didn't make a 3d model,
           | though. So you can't extract and reuse the result. Only move
           | around in it and it creates an image for that viewpoint. But
           | no meshes or textures.
        
       | maybelsyrup wrote:
       | Is anyone else kinda terrified?
        
       | sorenjan wrote:
       | I don't really understand why NeRFs would be particularly useful
       | in more than a few niche cases, perhaps because I don't fully
       | understand what they really are.
       | 
       | My impression is that you take a bunch of photos in various
       | places and directions, then you use those as samples of a 3D
       | function that describes the full scene, and optimize a neural
       | network to minimize the difference between the true light field
       | and what's described by the network. An approximation of the
       | actual function, that fits the training data. The millions of
       | coefficients are seen as a black box that somehow describes the
       | scene when combined in a certain way, I guess mapping a camera
       | pose to a rendered image? But why would that be better than some
       | other data structure, like a mesh, a point cloud, or signed
       | distance field, where you have the scene as structured data you
       | can reason about? What happens if you want to animate part of a
       | NeRF, or crop it, or change it in any way? Do you have to throw
       | away all trained coefficients and start again from training data?
       | 
       | Can you use this method as a part of a more traditional
       | photogrammetry pipeline and extract the result as a regular mesh?
       | Nvidia seems to suggest that NeRFs are in some way better than
       | meshes, but according to my flawed understanding they just seem
       | unwieldy.
        
         | p1esk wrote:
         | _What happens if you want to animate part of a NeRF, or crop
         | it, or change it in any way? Do you have to throw away all
         | trained coefficients and start again from training data?_
         | 
         | You don't change NeRF (the model). You change the point of view
         | of an observer.
        
           | wokwokwok wrote:
           | I mean, this is the parent posts point; the use case for a
           | static photo or a static 3d nerf is pretty limited.
           | 
           | With other structured data compositing and animating is
           | relatively trivial.
           | 
           | It turns out that people have approached this problem before
           | and you can composite nerf too (1) by sampling different
           | functions over the volume.
           | 
           | ...but, let's not pretend.
           | 
           | The complaint is entirely valid. You're taking a high
           | resolution voxel grid and encoding it into a model.
           | 
           | Working with simple voxel data let's you do all kinds of
           | normal image manipulation techniques, and it's not clear how
           | you would do some of those with a nerf.
           | 
           | Practically speaking, the applications you can use this for
           | are therefore reasonably limited right now.
           | 
           | [1] - https://www.unite.ai/st-nerf-compositing-and-editing-
           | for-vid...
        
             | yorwba wrote:
             | > Working with simple voxel data let's you do all kinds of
             | normal image manipulation techniques, and it's not clear
             | how you would do some of those with a nerf.
             | 
             | Any image transformation you can do on voxels you can
             | straightforwardly transfer to nerfs. Voxel data is just a
             | lookup table from discrete positions to material properties
             | like color and density. When you apply a transform, you
             | change the inputs (e.g. multiplying them with a rotation
             | matrix) or the outputs (e.g. changing the color). If you
             | want to do the same thing with a nerf that maps continuous
             | positions and directions to material properties like color
             | and density, just transform the inputs or the outputs.
             | 
             | The major difference is that with voxel data you can easily
             | do output-modifying transformations directly on the stored
             | representation, while for nerfs it might be cheaper to do
             | it on the fly instead of redoing the training procedure to
             | bake the change into the model.
        
               | wokwokwok wrote:
               | > Any image transformation you can do on voxels you can
               | straightforwardly transfer to nerfs
               | 
               | No.
               | 
               | > it might be cheaper to do it on the fly instead of
               | redoing the training procedure to bake the change into
               | the model.
               | 
               | I think it's a bit more complex than you imagine; it's
               | not "cheaper/not cheaper"; it's literally the only way of
               | doing it.
               | 
               | If you have a transformation f(x) that takes a pixel
               | array as in input and returns a pixel array as an output,
               | that is a trivial transformation.
               | 
               | If you have a transformation that takes a _vector_ input
               | f(x) and returns a _pixel_ output, it's seriously bloody
               | hard to convert it to a "good" vector again.
               | 
               | Consider taking a layered svg and applying a box blur.
               | 
               | Now you want an svg again.
               | 
               | It's _not_ a trivial problem. Lines blur and merge, you
               | have reconstruct an entirely new svg.
               | 
               | Now you add the constraint in 3d; you can never have a
               | full voxel representation in memory _even temporarily_
               | because of memory constraints.
               | 
               | At best you're looking at applying voxel level
               | transformations on the fly to render specific views, and
               | then retrain those into a new nerf model.
               | 
               | I think that counts as ... not straightforward.
               | 
               | Doing all your transformations on the fly is a lovely
               | idea, but you gotta understand _reason nerf exists_ is
               | that the raw voxel data is _too big_ to store in memory.
               | It's simply not possible you can dynamically run a image
               | processing pipeline over that volume data in real-time.
               | You _have_ to bake it into nerfs to use it _at all_.
        
               | yorwba wrote:
               | > Consider taking a layered svg and applying a box blur.
               | 
               | > Now you want an svg again.
               | 
               | > It's not a trivial problem. Lines blur and merge, you
               | have reconstruct an entirely new svg.
               | 
               | Nerfs are not svgs.
               | 
               | Consider taking a nerf and applying a box blur. Easy, a
               | box blur on voxel data takes multiple samples within a
               | box and averages them together, so to do the same thing
               | to a nerf just take multiple samples and average them
               | together.
               | 
               | That does get slower the more samples you need, but you
               | never have to materialize a _full_ voxel representation.
        
         | crubier wrote:
         | You are right, this is why approaches like plenoxels are vastly
         | faster than nerf. They combine the optimization approach of
         | neural nets, but combine it with a simple and regular data
         | representation of the scene.
         | 
         | https://arxiv.org/pdf/2112.05131.pdf
        
         | fxtentacle wrote:
         | The pros in the vfx industry still all use reconstructed
         | geometry. And yes, animating or cropping a Nerf is painful.
         | 
         | In my opinion, Nerf is more about showing progress in making AI
         | memorize 3D scenes and the hope is that this will lead to
         | actual understanding sometime in the future.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | corysama wrote:
         | If you tried to repro these results (including time & space
         | constraints) using traditional photogrammetry, you would be
         | sorely disappointed.
         | 
         | Photogrammetry is great if you have a very solid object that is
         | not shiny or translucent at all. You get a lot of surface color
         | micro-detail and a bit of bumpy meso-detail.
         | 
         | But, if something is fuzzy, hairy, or lacey or smokey you are
         | straight-up out of luck. Don't even try.
         | 
         | If it is shiny, it can be difficult to capture at all --let
         | alone capture the shine. Material capture techniques that are
         | not "chalk sculpture" are rare, very limited and usually
         | experimental.
         | 
         | NeRFs however are pretty much a photograph that you can walk
         | around in. They have about as much structure as a photograph ;)
         | But, that lets them not care about the mathematical definition
         | of your scuffed-up, lacquered, iridescent, carbon fiber mirror
         | frame and just show it as it looks from whatever angle.
        
           | CobrastanJorji wrote:
           | That's more interesting than I realized. In this example, I
           | assumed that the model was generating some sort of 3D mesh
           | representing the woman. Is that not at all the case? Would
           | this technique be unable to generate a model or volumetric
           | information despite being able to reasonably render her from
           | many directions?
        
             | Mandelmus wrote:
             | No, there is no mesh. A NeRF is a neural network trained to
             | work as a function f(x, y, z, th, ph). You put in your
             | viewing position (x, y, z) in 3D space and the direction
             | (th, ph) you're looking into (where th and ph are the
             | angles for up/down and left/right, respectively), and the
             | function will output a tuple (r, g, b, s) of the colour (r,
             | g, b) and the material density (s) of whatever you see at
             | the pixel in that direction and from that position.
             | 
             | You can _generate_ a mesh from the density information this
             | function gives you, but for that you need to discretise the
             | continuous densities you get out.
        
               | ghgr wrote:
               | Minor correction: it's not your (i.e. the camera's) XYZ
               | position what you input, but the position of the point
               | whose RGBA you're trying to render.
        
           | sorenjan wrote:
           | Maybe NeRFs can be used as an intermediate step to
           | reconstruct the scene, and then extract the surfaces and
           | their materials to more conventional representations like
           | meshes, textures, refraction index, etc. I guess the main
           | benefit is that it fills in the undersampled areas in a
           | scene, whether that's an occlusion, a reflection angle, or
           | something else.
           | 
           | My main problem with them is that it seems as if all the data
           | is unstructured and interdependent, not like pixels, voxels,
           | or similar where you can clearly extract and manipulate parts
           | of the data and know what it means. To use your photograph
           | example, a digital photo is a simple grid of colored points,
           | and it's easy to change them individually. A regular 3D scene
           | is a collection of well defined vertices, triangles,
           | materials etc, that is then rendered into a digital photo
           | using a easy to describe process. A NeRF on the other hand
           | seems to be more like enter camera pose => magic => inferred
           | image.
           | 
           | Maybe I'm overthinking it and it doesn't have to be as
           | general as out current formats, maybe a binary blob that can
           | represent a static scene is fine for plenty of applications.
           | But it feels needlessly complicated.
        
             | corysama wrote:
             | https://www.matthewtancik.com/nerf is able to sample the 3D
             | volume somehow. "We can also convert the NeRF to a mesh
             | using marching cubes."
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Also, the method is lossy as hell. Not something you'd ever
           | use for an intermediate representation.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | sennight wrote:
       | I know that taste in comedy is seasonal (yes, there were a people
       | in a time that thought vaudeville was the cat's pajamas), but has
       | anyone ever greeted a pun with anything other than a pained sigh?
        
         | noduerme wrote:
         | It's ones like this that make me shake my head and go "Aiaiai."
        
         | ModernMech wrote:
         | Watch Bob's Burgers. The whole show is basically puns. I
         | chuckle.
        
         | mkaic wrote:
         | Idk, personally I find wordplay quite punny -- though I almost
         | always try to greet the _person_ who made the pun, and not the
         | pun itself (they 're abstract, inanimate concepts, pretty
         | difficult to say "hello!" to)
         | 
         | :P
        
         | cogman10 wrote:
         | Puns aren't to make people laugh, the pained sigh is the point.
         | It's schadenfreude for the person making the pun.
        
           | sennight wrote:
           | > It's schadenfreude for the person making the pun.
           | 
           | Nah, if it is a joke at their own expense then it is "self
           | deprecating humor", something which is definitely designed to
           | get a laugh. Humiliation fetish, maybe? Obviously nothing is
           | funny past a certain point of deconstruction... especially if
           | you find yourself defending the distinguishing difference of
           | the "meta". Just stop making puns, easy.
        
       | bogwog wrote:
       | Nvidia is leaving us all behind
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | syspec wrote:
       | Is there a video of this? I'm not sure what's the connection to
       | the top photo/video/matrix-360-effect
       | 
       | Was that created from a few photos? I didn't see any additional
       | imagery below
       | 
       | --- Update
       | 
       | It looks like these are the four source photos:
       | https://blogs.nvidia.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/NVIDIA-R...
       | 
       | Then it creates this 360 video from them:
       | https://blogs.nvidia.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/03/2141864_...
        
         | shultays wrote:
         | four source photos
         | 
         | Is it just 4 or are there more?
         | 
         | I find it hard to believe there is only 4. There are clearly
         | more data in video
         | 
         | https://i2.paste.pics/645fe17e418b2cb1f6179e0b6671a170.png like
         | back side of camera here (it is kinda visible but much poorer
         | compared to video). Or existence of a 2nd white sheet in
         | background. But correct me if it is only 4 and you have a
         | source on that
        
       | m3at wrote:
       | This is great, and the paper+codebase they're referring to (but
       | not linking, here [1]) is neat too.
       | 
       | The research is moving fast though, so if you want something
       | almost as fast _without_ specialized CUDA kernels (just plain
       | pytorch) you 're in luck: https://github.com/apchenstu/TensoRF
       | 
       | As a bonus you also get a more compact representation of the
       | scene.
       | 
       | [1] https://github.com/NVlabs/instant-ngp
        
         | Mandelmus wrote:
         | The key difference is that this TensoRF is discrete (like a
         | JPG) whereas NeRFs are continuous (like vector graphics).
        
       | elil17 wrote:
       | My prediction/hope is that NeRFs will totally revolutionize how
       | the film/TV industry. I can imagine:
       | 
       | - Shooting a movie from a few cameras, creating a movie version
       | of a NeRF using those angles, and then dynamically adding in
       | other shots in post
       | 
       | - Using lighting and depth information embedded in NeRFs to
       | assist in lighting/integrating CG elements
       | 
       | - Using NeRFs to generate virtual sets on LED walls (like those
       | on The Mandalorian) from just a couple of photos of a location or
       | a couple of renders of a scene (currently, the sets have to be
       | built in a game engine and optimized for real time performance).
        
         | yonz wrote:
         | Have you seen the first episode of Halo, there are multiple
         | outdoor scenes where you feel sure it's a recording than a CGI
         | render. The uncanny valley is almost crushed
        
         | jowday wrote:
         | This sort of stuff (generating 3D assets from photographs of
         | real objects) has been common for quite a while via
         | photogrammetry. NeRFs are interesting because (in some cases)
         | they can create renders that look higher quality with fewer
         | photos, and they hint at the potential of future learned
         | rendering models.
        
           | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
           | I did it for a project... it was SLOW! Gave decent rules for
           | a large area, but poor results for small details.
           | 
           | The real trick is textures.
           | 
           | When the photo is laid over and wrapped on the model, it
           | looks great. But once you remove that, the raw mesh
           | underneath is not as impressive.
           | 
           | I would really like to see the examples they had here without
           | the texture laid on top.
        
             | hwers wrote:
             | Given the same amount of compute as this used,
             | photogrammetry would be about as fast.
        
             | hansworst wrote:
             | There is no mesh here. Nerfs are 5d (colours are computed
             | based on a 3D position vector + a view direction vector)
             | fields that are rendered volumetrically. So the "texture"
             | is an integral part of the neural representation of the
             | scene, not just an image applied to a mesh.
             | 
             | The cool part is that this also allows for capturing
             | transparency, and any effects caused by lighting (including
             | complex specular reflections) are embedded into the
             | representation.
        
               | soylentgraham wrote:
               | Nitpicking, but for GP; Nerf is the internal
               | representation, but the output doesnt have to be 2D (ray
               | traced basically)
               | 
               | There are examples of people outputting SDF (and by
               | extension geometry) with nerf, and projecting original
               | texture onto that would give some nice effects; (live
               | volumetric works best this way) though there would be
               | some disparity where edges/occlusion isnt perfect, so
               | youd want to sample nerf's rgb anyway... although a lot
               | of that is fuzzy at the edges too. A lot of incorrect
               | transparency at edges looks great in the 2D renders (so
               | much anti aliasing and noise!) but less good for
               | texturing
        
               | ath92 wrote:
               | A NeRF is not the same as an SDF though. NGP (the paper
               | by Nvidia linked here) can train NeRFs and SDFs, but I
               | don't know of any straightforward way of extracting an
               | SDF from a NeRF.
               | 
               | And while it's true that there are methods for extracting
               | a surface from a NeRF, achieving a high quality result
               | can be challenging because you have to figure out what to
               | do with regions that have low occupancy (i.e. regions
               | that are translucent). Should you consider those regions
               | as contained within the surface, or outside of it?
               | Especially when dealing with things like hair, it's not
               | obvious how to construct a surface based on a NeRF.
        
         | woliveirajr wrote:
         | I'm pretty sure the porn industry will find many uses to this
         | technology
        
         | cogman10 wrote:
         | Perhaps even making non-gimmicky live action 3d films.
         | 
         | Having 3d renders of the entire film without needing green
         | screens and a bunch of balls seems like it would have to make
         | some of the post processing work easier. You can add or remove
         | elements. Adjust the camera angles. More effectively de-age
         | actors. Heck, even create scenes whole cloth if an actor
         | unexpectedly dies (since you still have their model).
         | 
         | Seems like you could also save some time having fewer takes.
         | What you can fix in post would be dramatically expanded.
         | 
         | Best part for film makers, they are often using multiple
         | cameras anyways. So this doesn't seem like it'd be too much of
         | a stretch.
        
           | riggsdk wrote:
           | With this - and with all the footage on actors you have
           | (their movies) - then you basically have _all_ actor 's
           | models.
        
             | CUViper wrote:
             | Throw those into Copilot for filmmakers and away you go!
        
         | 1024core wrote:
         | I can see this really taking off for football games. You'll be
         | able to look at plays from all angles, zoom in/out, and get to
         | _play_ with the game.
        
         | ALittleLight wrote:
         | My, maybe too extreme, future fantasy version of this is
         | turning existing movies into 3d movies you could watch in VR.
        
           | pbhjpbhj wrote:
           | I'm thinking it would be something like: I want to be the
           | baddy in Die Hard and want the protagonist to be Peter
           | Griffin (cartoon version). The system feeds you the movie ...
           | I'm imagining there could be an industry for writers to
           | create the off-screen plots of other characters and
           | principaly it would be rendered with the same scenes as the
           | original movie.
        
         | andy_ppp wrote:
         | Computer games, VR and AR could also be pretty amazing uses for
         | this technique too.
        
           | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
           | Not even a full 3-D environment is required, just a _bit_ of
           | 6DOF and parallax would go a long way. I think VR videos (ok,
           | porn) has gone as far as it can without head tracking.
        
           | teaearlgraycold wrote:
           | RIP photo-realistic modelers
        
             | tomatowurst wrote:
             | hmmm well I still think they will be in demand for the same
             | reason software developers will be not automated away. NeRF
             | is really mind boggling good but there are still artifacts,
             | and something that modelers have a good eye for.
             | 
             | Having said that, it might be the end for any junior type
             | of roles. Same reason that github copilot really takes a
             | bite of the need to have a junior developer.
             | 
             | I'm very curious what will happen because it will become a
             | sort of trend across other industries apart from legal or
             | medical professions (peace of mind from human-in-the-loop).
        
               | teaearlgraycold wrote:
               | Maybe we'll have people spend their time building IRL
               | sculptures and spaces to get digitized.
        
               | elil17 wrote:
               | People made clay sculptures of CG characters as a
               | modeling technique for a long time. It's still done, but
               | digital sculpture tools are getting easier to use so it's
               | not as common as it was.
        
         | EugeneOZ wrote:
         | It will boost cut-scenes in games as well.
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | - help with product placement advertisements
        
         | usrusr wrote:
         | > - Using lighting and depth information embedded in NeRFs to
         | assist in lighting/integrating CG elements
         | 
         | > - Using NeRFs to generate virtual sets on LED walls
         | 
         | Sounds like a powerful set of tools to defeat a number of image
         | manipulation detection tricks, with limited effort once the
         | process is set up as routine. State actor level information
         | warfare will soon be a class of its own. Not just in terms of
         | getting harder to detect, but more importantly in terms of
         | becoming able to produce "quality" in high volume.
        
       | mkaic wrote:
       | as someone who works in both AI and filmmaking, I remember losing
       | my mind when this paper was first released a few weeks ago. It's
       | absolute insanity what the folks at Nvidia have managed to
       | accomplish in such a short time. The paper itself[0] is quite
       | dense, but I recommend reading it -- they had to pull some fancy
       | tricks to get performance to be as good as it is!
       | 
       | [0]https://nvlabs.github.io/instant-ngp/
        
         | ranger_danger wrote:
         | that's a lot of boot you're licking
        
           | visarga wrote:
           | No, really, it's a cool application of neural nets. It was
           | unexpected when it first came up and it took a whole day to
           | learn a scene, but a couple of years later it can be done in
           | seconds.
           | 
           | I think the cool part is that a neural net can learn to
           | produce (R,G,B) from (X,Y,Z,angle) by using a clever encoding
           | trick with sin() and cos() for the input coordinates. And the
           | fact that a neural net can be a frigging JPEG in 3D.
        
           | nharada wrote:
           | You're missing this work in the context of the field as a
           | whole. Labs have been releasing papers boasting 2-4x speedups
           | and getting them published at conferences, and then this
           | group comes in and speeds up the original by 1000x. That's a
           | huge leap in capability.
        
       | speedcoder wrote:
       | Would this make "I Dreamed a Dream" from Les Miserables less
       | moving https://youtu.be/RxPZh4AnWyk ?
        
       | gareth_untether wrote:
       | AI and 3D content making is becoming so exciting. Soon we'll have
       | an idea and be able to make it with automated tools. Sure having
       | a deeper undertaking of how 3D works will be beneficial, but will
       | no longer be the entry requirement.
        
       | nl wrote:
       | Next time someone says "why does everyone in AI use NVidia and
       | CUDA"? this is why.
       | 
       | They do high quality research and almost inevitably end up
       | releasing the code and models. It's possible to reconstruct all
       | that as a non-CUDA model, but when you want to use it, why would
       | you when it's going to take months of work to get something that
       | isn't as optimised?
        
       | socceroos wrote:
       | ENHANCE. ROTATE.
       | 
       | I mean, obviously generated images can't be used as proof in the
       | court of law, but this feels like we're slipping into crummy USA
       | show territory.
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | If you have a graphics card which is unobtainable.
        
         | astrange wrote:
         | Still plenty of them for OEMs/prebuilts, it's just people don't
         | want to buy the extra PC around it, right?
        
       | spyder wrote:
       | There is an explosion of NeRF papers:
       | 
       | https://github.com/yenchenlin/awesome-NeRF
       | 
       | It's possible to capture video / movement to into NeRFs, possible
       | to animate, relight, compose multiple NeRF scenes, and a lot of
       | papers are about making faster more efficient and higher quality
       | NeRF. Looks very promising.
        
       | jvanderbot wrote:
       | > Creating a 3D scene with traditional methods takes hours or
       | longer, depending on the complexity and resolution of the
       | visualization.
       | 
       | This just isn't true. I can create a 3D scene from 360-degree
       | photos (even 4) in a minute or so using traditional methods, even
       | open-source toolkits.
       | 
       | It doesn't look as good as this because it doesn't have a neural
       | net smoothing the gaps, but it's not true that it takes hours to
       | build 3D information from 2D images.
        
         | jayd16 wrote:
         | I think it's comparing to crunching through many more images to
         | get a comparable quality scene.
        
       | wubbert wrote:
       | IIRC Microsoft had something like this years ago, but the results
       | weren't nearly as smooth or natural looking. I can't remember
       | what it was called, though.
        
         | schemescape wrote:
         | Photosynth?
        
       | patientplatypus wrote:
        
       | shultays wrote:
       | Is the example the result of just 4 photos? Or more? Are there
       | any other data available, spatial data attached to photos for
       | example?
       | 
       | Why they don't explain the scope of achievement properly?
       | 
       | edit: I don't think it is just 4
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30810885
        
         | shultays wrote:
         | Actually it is explained in the article, I somehow missed it
         | The model requires just seconds to train on a few dozen still
         | photos -- plus data on the camera angles they were taken from
         | -- and can then render the resulting 3D scene within tens of
         | milliseconds
         | 
         | Pretty impressive, but lesser compared to generating it from 4
         | photos (which imho the movie suggests). Which would be "real
         | magic level of impressiveness" for me
        
       | baron816 wrote:
       | It would be really great to recreate loved ones after they have
       | past in some sort of digital space.
       | 
       | As I've gotten older, and my parents get older as well, I've been
       | thinking more about what my life will be like in old age (and
       | beyond too). I've also been thinking what I would want "heaven"
       | to be. Eternal life doesn't appeal to me much. Imagine living a
       | quadrillion years. Even as a god, that would be miserable. That
       | would be (by my rough estimate) the equivalent of 500 times the
       | cumulative lifespans of all humans who have ever lived.
       | 
       | What I would really like is to see my parents and my beloved dog
       | again, decades after they have past (along with any living ones
       | at that time). Being able to see them and speak to them one last
       | time at the end of my life before fading into eternal darkness
       | would be how I would want to go.
       | 
       | Anyway, there's a free startup idea for anyone--recreate loved
       | ones in VR so people can see them again.
        
         | archivisti wrote:
         | You mean Westworld ?
        
         | JKCalhoun wrote:
         | Sounds like the end of the movie: "A.I.".
        
         | heavyset_go wrote:
         | I think it would be a special kind of hell to have your
         | resurrected loved ones sell you ads in virtual reality.
        
         | bobthechef wrote:
         | > Eternal life doesn't appeal to me much. Imagine living a
         | quadrillion years. Even as a god, that would be miserable.
         | 
         | That isn't necessarily what eternal life would be. Indeed,
         | eternity is not temporal at all.
         | 
         | For example, in the Catholic understanding of heaven, those in
         | heaven exist in _aeveternity_ or aevum[0], a state in between
         | the temporal and the eternal. Eternity[1] is proper only to God
         | and is by definition timeless, with no beginning or end, so it
         | would not make sense to speak of quadrillions of years. Where
         | God is concerned, there is, loosely, only a _now_ with no
         | beginning, no end, no past, and no future, only the present, to
         | use temporal language analogically.
         | 
         | Furthermore, heaven is in part characterized by the beatific
         | vision[2] which is an immediate, direct, and inexhaustible
         | knowing of God (Being Himself) which is Man's ultimate and
         | supreme happiness. In this life, knowledge of God is generally
         | mediate like much of human knowledge.
         | 
         | In other words, thus understood, the best of this life is but a
         | faint shadow of a shadow in comparison to the ultimate
         | fulfillment of heaven which is Man's proper end.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.newadvent.org/summa/1010.htm#article5
         | 
         | [1] https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/05551b.htm
         | 
         | [2] https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/02364a.htm
        
           | eyelidlessness wrote:
           | This in no way represents my views, it's far from them. But I
           | vouched for this comment because it deserves to be a part of
           | this conversation.
        
         | chrstphrknwtn wrote:
         | My gut reaction to 'recreating loved ones in VR' is that it
         | would be torturous more than soothing.
         | 
         | Once a person dies, they're gone. The world is different, and
         | nothing will bring them back. Spending time with a simulacrum
         | isn't really spending time with a loved one.
        
           | jhgb wrote:
           | > it would be torturous more than soothing
           | 
           | Relevant Asimov story:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Dead_Past
        
             | jazzyjackson wrote:
             | I was going to suggest the HBO film "Reminiscence", which
             | was panned as mediocre but I liked it for being Noir and
             | somewhat original. It features a machine that can replay
             | your own memories and record them for others -- useful for
             | investigating crime, but otherwise highly addictive to the
             | nostalgic.
             | 
             | Reading about _The Dead Past_ tho, there 's a good deal of
             | overlap with the plot device of "Devs", a periscope into
             | deep history, but which Nick Offerman's character uses to
             | re-live moments of his daughter's short life, as Asimov's
             | protagonist does.
        
           | usefulcat wrote:
           | Agreed, to me it sounds like the worst possible kind of
           | uncanny valley.
        
           | spacexsucks wrote:
           | Precisely. This is going to be used to suck people into the
           | metaverse.
        
           | dijonman2 wrote:
           | It has the potential to be therapeutic. Perhaps only to be
           | used under the supervision of a mental health professional.
           | 
           | I for one have many things I wish I had said to my parents
           | before they died. I'd like to use it, but not be obsessed or
           | consumed by it.
        
           | zem wrote:
           | Greg Egan's "zendegi" is a very good exploration of that
           | idea. set in the fairly near future, so relatable.
        
           | Jach wrote:
           | Don't knock it til you try it?
           | 
           | I mean, already in recent years people have made some very
           | low fidelity 'resurrections' and gotten some measure of
           | comfort from it, never mind the many years of history of
           | people who visit gravestones to 'chat' (some even believing
           | they get replies to some extent or another). When markov
           | chains were hip, "talk with Charles Dickens!" (play with a
           | markov model trained on his works) was at least interesting
           | to some, GPT of course can do a lot better. Imagine we had
           | actual superintelligent AI working on this, which actually
           | tried to recreate brain models, or even restore a sense of
           | existence to the resurrection that can continue independently
           | and to their own delight rather than just being some static
           | VR experience turned on and off whenever. (I jotted some
           | thoughts a few years ago... https://www.thejach.com/view/2017
           | /6/how_you_might_see_some_o...)
           | 
           | I'm in agreement though at least for now that even if you
           | dialed up the fidelity to the point I can't point to anything
           | objectively "off", let alone went with a low fidelity VR
           | thing or just a chat bot, I'd still always think in the back
           | of my mind that this isn't really the same person.
           | Nevertheless, it could still be comforting to some, and
           | interesting to others, and so if it's at all possible for
           | potential future humans/ems/aligned AIs to work at it, they
           | will.
           | 
           | Curiously I don't have the same back of the mind feeling at
           | all when considering the idea of someone preserved with
           | cryonics and then brought back as an em, the person would be
           | the same to me, even if there was a bit of damage from the
           | vitrification process that was error-corrected. I have a
           | disagreement with a friend on that point, who thinks it would
           | be something similar but not the same. Anyway, I think this
           | is due to just having a much higher fidelity "source of
           | truth" to work from that is the preserved adult brain,
           | whereas someone supposedly information-theoretically dead
           | requires a lot more guess-work, perhaps truly impossibly too
           | much more even for a superintelligence, to bring back
           | convincingly.
        
             | chrstphrknwtn wrote:
             | I suppose... but I'll always know that it's some sort of
             | cheap trick to make me think they're still here when really
             | their consciousness ceased.
             | 
             | Will the simulacrum age? Will it change? Will it ever
             | surprise me or intrigue me? And if it does, is it something
             | the dead person truly would have done?
             | 
             | It's sort of like a photograph; a photograph _seems_ to
             | capture reality but all it shows is some abstraction of a
             | physical reality at one point in time. The photograph tells
             | me nothing about the current reality of anything depicted
             | within.
             | 
             | A simulacrum gives me the person I knew, when they died,
             | and that's it. Perhaps comforting and interesting, but
             | ultimately unfulfilling and unsettling I would imagine.
        
               | ravenstine wrote:
               | To me, the whole idea of a recreation of a person for my
               | own daily comfort just cheapens the former existence of
               | that person. It's one thing to have genuine photographs
               | or even videos since there's an obvious delineation
               | between memory and reality. Photos can make it even more
               | obvious that the person is no longer alive. But to turn
               | someone into an AI for the sake of coping (and denial)
               | turns them into a product.
               | 
               | Maybe that's fine for some people. To me there's a line
               | where it crosses over into offense. In no way do I think
               | the status quo of my mental well-being is so important
               | that I'd replace someone with a digital robot facsimile.
        
             | lolspace wrote:
             | Have you lost someone you've loved?
        
               | Jach wrote:
               | Yes, but I get the unstated implication. I don't think it
               | would be fair to apply it to me even though I think it
               | may be fair to apply it to e.g. Kurzweil, unless he's
               | made recent statements suggesting otherwise (I don't keep
               | up with him). I currently have no expectation of seeing a
               | convincing
               | simulation/resurrection/recreation/continuation of any of
               | them, or the ones I currently anticipate losing over the
               | next few decades, even should I go on indefinitely
               | living, and don't expect anything at all if/when I should
               | die.
        
               | lolspace wrote:
               | Would you want to have an avatar of them? I don't think I
               | would.
        
           | asiachick wrote:
           | That might be true for you but lots of people imagine talking
           | to dead loved ones and imagine the responses and advice
           | they'd give. Some of them do that reflection in front of a
           | picture of their dead loved one. Seeing them in VR would just
           | be an enhancement. No need to hate on it.
        
             | justinclift wrote:
             | Heh, that could then be a vector for manipulation of
             | individuals, through their dead loved ones.
             | 
             | "You know, you should _really_ do XYZ... " (whatever the
             | agenda is)
             | 
             | Pretty dystopian.:(
        
         | CamperBob2 wrote:
         | You'd probably like Spielberg's _A.I._ , or at least find it
         | topical.
        
         | selcuka wrote:
         | We are not too far away from that [1].
         | 
         | [1] https://www.sfchronicle.com/projects/2021/jessica-
         | simulation...
        
         | picodguyo wrote:
         | I'm with you on this. I would love to be able to connect with
         | ancestors I barely or never met, even if it only captures a
         | fraction of their essence. I worked on this for a while but
         | Microsoft holds a pretty broad patent on this concept, which
         | scared me off.
        
         | rilezg wrote:
         | This reminds me a lot of Black Mirror season 2 episode 1.
         | 
         | Always good to treasure the time we are given.
        
           | the_mar wrote:
           | and then you have to put your loved one's in the attic
        
           | 1024core wrote:
           | I miss Black Mirror. Some episodes were hit-n-miss, but many
           | of them made me think. The best part was that each episode
           | was mostly independent of the other.
        
         | olladecarne wrote:
         | There's so many things we invent with good intentions but in
         | the end go terribly wrong and I think this is one of those
         | things. I think it's ok to mourn and remember the past, but
         | moving on and accepting reality is important to a healthy life.
         | 
         | Let's be real though, the startup that makes this but appeals
         | to our worst instincts make bank. I can't imagine how much more
         | messed up future generations will be as we keep making more
         | dangerous technology that appeals to our primal instincts.
        
           | ineedasername wrote:
           | "mourn and move on" is a somewhat Western concept of dealing
           | with death. Plenty of cultures around the world have
           | developed different practices, up to religious forms of
           | ancestor worship.
        
             | Chris2048 wrote:
             | I'd say religion is the epitome of _not_ moving on - or,
             | moving on by imagining that it didn 't really happen.
        
             | spacexsucks wrote:
             | Bs. People do different things. But nobody can sit around
             | wallowing in the VR. Having seen what death of my cousin
             | and grand parents did to the family, moving on helped every
             | one heal in a way. VR would have been a torture to live in.
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | You are taking the worst possible interpretation of my
               | comment. I was responding to literally the aspect of the
               | GP that said "mourn.... move on"
               | 
               | It is a factual matter, easily discovered through simple
               | searches, that non-Western cultures often take a
               | different approach. Including, literally, ancestor
               | worship. I am not making a judgement on which is better.
               | I believe there are multiple healthy ways of dealing with
               | grief, and "mourn & move on" can be one, but not the only
               | one.
               | 
               | This is very far from an obsessive interaction with a
               | semi-emulated version of a dead person in VR. However
               | things wouldn't have to be that extreme.
               | 
               | In cultures that practice it, it's not uncommon for a
               | small shrine in the home to be setup. And yet that is of
               | limited access to family located further away, so a
               | digital form of this not bound to a specific location
               | could also be of use to people from these cultures. There
               | is no reason that such things couldn't compliment
               | existing practices of honoring ancestors.
        
               | spacexsucks wrote:
               | I dont know how a grieving person can maintain distance
               | from vr when the memories of their loved ines are tied.
               | Reminds me so much of the movie Reminiscence
        
               | hackernewds wrote:
               | Perhaps starting your comment with "bs" is not a surefire
               | way of getting your thoughts considered seriously..
        
               | spacexsucks wrote:
               | Sigh. Point taken. You are right.
        
             | acdanger wrote:
             | Possible the comment was directed towards a Western
             | consumer.
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | Possibly, I'd give it the benefit of the doubt. Either
               | way, I think it is fair to note that other cultures see
               | death & remembrance in different ways.
        
               | hackernewds wrote:
               | Curious how you find other cultures and belief systems
               | are? In Hinduism, at least I can attest that there is the
               | concept of "mourn and move on" in that the body is not
               | even preserved, it is freed of its physical form through
               | cremation. The fire into the funeral pyre is instilled by
               | hand by the eldest son - it's a poetic closure.
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | If you do a search for "ancestor worship" you'll find a
               | few examples. It seems more common among Asian cultures,
               | perhaps specifically those with a Buddhist tradition, but
               | that's what I happen to be more familiar with so it may
               | be common outside of that as well.
        
             | nimbleal wrote:
             | These practices would typically be associated with the idea
             | that the dead have a genuine existence beyond simply
             | "existing in my memory of them" and would be restricted in
             | the forms they take by surrounding ritual, so I'm not sure
             | there's a direct point of comparison, though?
        
               | pizza wrote:
               | People often fear losing their memory of a loved one. A
               | memento could help someone heal
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | neveradmitmyid wrote:
           | Let be real: I've worked on the R&D stage of a Chinese
           | research project for a State supported Ancestor Worship
           | software where people's ancestors are recreated in 3D, their
           | "ancestorial home" is made available in pieces and parts the
           | software user must purchase with real currency, and the user
           | is encouraged to discuss their day to day life issues with
           | their observing and consoling animated ancestors. The
           | software is a complete Orwellian Spy while masquerading as
           | all your ancestors listening, offering advice, and demanding
           | gifts that cost real currency. To say the least, I spooked
           | the hell out of that situation.
        
             | adwi wrote:
             | Wow. I want to know every detail about this.
        
               | dtgriscom wrote:
               | Me, too, but I'm betting that's already all they can say
               | (and probably more than they should have).
        
         | lowdest wrote:
         | >Imagine living a quadrillion years. Even as a god, that would
         | be miserable.
         | 
         | This seems very subjective, I don't agree at all.
        
           | dtgriscom wrote:
           | In Ursula Le Guin's book "Changing Planes", there's a story
           | called "The Island of the Immortals." Spoiler alert: living
           | forever is no fun.
        
             | Chris2048 wrote:
             | If there was no tension the book would be no fun, so I
             | don't think we should pay much attention to story lines
             | created for entertainment.
        
           | the_af wrote:
           | Agreed it's subjective.
           | 
           | That said, what would you do with your quadrillion year long
           | lifespan, assuming you're healthy during it? It's way past
           | everything you can do and learn, and cosmic level events are
           | not what the human mind can perceive as they slowly unfold...
           | 
           | I would like to live a couple thousand years though, as long
           | as my loved ones get to be along for the ride. Though I
           | wonder if my loved ones would eventually become my hated
           | ones...
        
             | p1esk wrote:
             | It seems like you assume you would remain human for a
             | quadrillion years. Why? I'd assume a technology to upload
             | yourself into a better substrate (one you have full control
             | over) will appear within next few hundred years. From that
             | point there are no limits on what you can do or become.
        
             | cardiffspaceman wrote:
             | This extends to a cohort of people living thousands of
             | years, having memories of each other to thousands of years
             | in the past. Plus they all need beds.
        
             | lowdest wrote:
             | I'm fond of my loved ones, but I also like creating new
             | ones. I also would like to see very long term plans come to
             | fruition. It seems very much like a "640K ought to be
             | enough for anybody" problem.
             | 
             | Works of art that require thousands of lifetimes to
             | complete. Deep understanding of the physical world.
             | Exploring the universe. Much more.
        
             | willcipriano wrote:
             | > It's way past everything you can do and learn
             | 
             | Such arrogance, humanity isn't all that far beyond it's
             | banging rocks together phase. We haven't even scratched the
             | surface. There is so much more to learn.
        
             | istorical wrote:
             | How do you know it's way past everything you can do and
             | learn?
             | 
             | No one has ever had the experience to be able to say.
        
           | scoofy wrote:
           | Seriously... the idea of living a quadrillion is hardly an
           | extension of 100. You can still never go backward. You still
           | need to plan your life. Death would still be a common
           | occurrence.
           | 
           | I would much MUCH rather live much longer. I don't hate my
           | life at all.
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | At some point you will have heard all possible jokes. What
             | is life without humor?
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | That's nonsense. There are infinite possible jokes.
        
               | amelius wrote:
               | This is not true. Jokes that take more than (say) an hour
               | to tell are boring and thus not really jokes.
        
               | scoofy wrote:
               | Literally there are about the same number of atoms in the
               | universe as the number of shuffles in a 52 card deck
               | (52!). The number of topics that can be played with in a
               | joke is beyond even this limited number.
               | 
               | Remember, jokes about tinder/grinder dates didn't even
               | exist a decade ago.
        
               | hackernewds wrote:
               | And memory is limited. What if one were a forgetful god.
               | What if that is _already_ the case?
               | 
               | Possibly where the Alzheimer's patients are told the same
               | joke over and over, and it does bring them joy, comes to
               | mind.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | tsol wrote:
           | I mean if you were a god your experience would be
           | qualitatively different. You could make it pass by as fast as
           | a minute takes for a human being.
        
         | wilg wrote:
         | > It would be really great to recreate loved ones after they
         | have past in some sort of digital space.
         | 
         | Tim Heidecker did this with his son Tom Cruise, Jr. Heidecker
         | and it was quite moving: https://youtu.be/2fVQtmMN_ao?t=178
        
         | mfrye0 wrote:
         | Upload is a pretty good series on Amazon Prime right now that
         | explores that. It's both amazing and horrifying.
        
           | ClosedPistachio wrote:
           | You may also enjoy Marjorie Prime, too
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marjorie_Prime
        
         | celim307 wrote:
         | Isn't that the premise of the Amazon series upload
        
         | sgtnoodle wrote:
         | I suppose I'm less pessimistic. I assume that eternal life
         | wouldn't be the same experience as the corporeal passage of
         | time. Time would exist of course, but would be perceived either
         | as its true essence, or at least as a higher dimensional
         | projection. Rather than be anchored in time at a constant
         | velocity, you would be able to move and exist independently
         | from it.
        
         | bglazer wrote:
         | "Mom do you remember the walk we took around the lake just
         | before you died?"
         | 
         | "Yes what a wonderful day. I also fondly remember the Adidas
         | sneakers I wore. Did you know they're 25% off at Target this
         | weekend only?"
        
         | tonguez wrote:
         | "I've also been thinking what I would want "heaven" to be.
         | Eternal life doesn't appeal to me much."
         | 
         | please tell me more!
        
         | TaylorAlexander wrote:
         | what's fun is my mom has a bunch of 3D photo slides from the
         | 1950's and 1960's so we could bring those in to stereo VR
         | really easily. I still need to borrow my friend's slide
         | scanner...
        
         | airstrike wrote:
         | Hah! I made this suggestion here about a couple years ago. It's
         | been my dream-pet-project-I'll-never-create for a while now,
         | but it seems like more talented and predisposed individuals
         | have also considered it / may be working on it already...
         | 
         | Some interesting replies there
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24073994
        
         | pvarangot wrote:
         | If that technology existed a lot of people would live in misery
         | knowing that they could be seeing their dog and their parents
         | and speak to them one last time, but only when their time to
         | goes come. Either that or people would be able to use it
         | whenever they wanted or could pay for it and it would become a
         | new highly addictive and harmfully dissociative tech product
         | that I venture to guess would be like 10x more harmful to
         | society than Facebook ever was.
         | 
         | I don't even know if it would have some kind of therapeutic use
         | of whatever. Yeah ir would be a wonderful experience and I...
         | ehh... let's say "dreamed" about similar experiences a few
         | times and it was a powerful "dream". But being able to do it on
         | demand would I think change how grieving works in the modern
         | world so much! And we rely on the things that went to not
         | actually be there for us on demand to be able to move on.
         | 
         | It's a beautiful idea but it's as beautiful as the fear of
         | nuclear MAD keeping the first world safe from war in their own
         | land, not as beautiful as a poem or a flower or a good memory.
        
         | hasvoh wrote:
         | Slightly related VR startup I'm building - Traverse
         | (https://traverse.to)
        
         | Razengan wrote:
         | > _It would be really great to recreate loved ones after they
         | have passed_
         | 
         | That's probably the basis for most of human religion and
         | philosophy; coping mechanisms.
         | 
         | I've always wondered if it might be possible to "reverse
         | engineer" parents or siblings from one's own DNA.. at least
         | visually.
        
         | robertlagrant wrote:
         | I can imagine people would also create their exes and talk to
         | them after they've broken up.
        
       | luckydata wrote:
       | I'm really looking forward to this technology getting applied to
       | home improvement.
        
       | Tenoke wrote:
       | I hope someone can take this, all the images of street view,
       | recent images of places etc. and create a 3d environment covering
       | as much of earth as possible to be used for an advanced Second
       | Life or other purposes.
        
         | dexter89_kp3 wrote:
         | Self-driving car companies are already working on this. Check
         | out: https://waymo.com/research/block-nerf/
         | 
         | NERF is a very active research area, and the progress from 2020
         | to now has been nothing sort of astonishing. In 5 years, I
         | expect there to be fully generative NERF's in research i.e
         | describe a scene, and a NN produces a full 3d scene that can
         | you interact with.
        
           | krapp wrote:
           | Can it be done with Google's existing Street View data?
        
             | dexter89_kp3 wrote:
             | Can be done yes. Is it the best dataset to do what you
             | describe, no.
        
             | yonz wrote:
             | Yes!!!! I always get frustrated when ever it does the weird
             | stretch thing as soon as you move around in street view.
             | Just jump to the next frame of you have to.
        
             | asvitkine wrote:
             | In the demo video, they mention that they used _a lot_ of
             | footage from self-driving cars to produce that.
             | 
             | One thing I noticed is there are no pedestrians and cars in
             | those scenes. So they must do a lot of work to filter them
             | out by combining a lot of footage. Therefore, it likely
             | can't be used (as-is) on the street view dataset...
        
         | pedalpete wrote:
         | This is where we were going with https:/ayvri.com but we've
         | moved on to other projects. We still operate and are
         | profitable, but too early for the market.
        
       | tirrex wrote:
       | Are they using four photos or more?
        
         | shultays wrote:
         | I don't think so but I don't have a source. Please someone
         | correct me if I am wrong
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30810885
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-03-26 23:02 UTC)