[HN Gopher] Physicists create compressible "gas of light"
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       Physicists create compressible "gas of light"
        
       Author : gmays
       Score  : 55 points
       Date   : 2022-03-25 15:39 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.uni-bonn.de)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.uni-bonn.de)
        
       | brimble wrote:
       | > To do this, we stored light particles in a tiny box made of
       | mirrors," explains Dr. Julian Schmitt of the IAP, who is a
       | principal investigator in the group of Prof. Dr. Martin Weitz.
       | "The more photons we put in there, the denser the photon gas
       | became."
       | 
       | This seems like the kind of clever but also crazy thing a kid
       | would come up with based on limited information about the world,
       | but that definitely doesn't work.
       | 
       | There's got to be more to it than this description... right? Or
       | this is one of those things where a physicist said "mirror" but
       | actually means something totally different that no normal person
       | would call a mirror, as physicists seem to do often and which
       | causes so very much misunderstanding of physics?
        
         | im3w1l wrote:
         | Can confirm, did think of this as a kid. Also wanted the box to
         | have a hole that could be opened to release all those stored up
         | photons in the form of a deathray.
        
           | brundolf wrote:
           | Hey me too xD
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | cshimmin wrote:
         | Good question; had to go to the supplementary materials of the
         | paper in Science [1]. It is called a Bragg Mirror [2], which
         | basically seems like a special coating consisting of layers of
         | alternating refractive index. I don't know the details but this
         | isn't _necessarily_ more exotic than, say, the antireflection
         | coatings on eyeglasses or photographic optics. The
         | supplementary material states that the mirror is 99.998%
         | reflective in the wavelength under study.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.abm2543 [2]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_Bragg_reflector
        
         | Filligree wrote:
         | What's the difference between photons bouncing in a box, and a
         | gas? ...no, really?
         | 
         | There's a lot of them, starting with the fact that gas
         | particles have mass, and photons generally don't. However,
         | confinement causes mass. The gas particles are in a sense
         | confined even when floating free (by other fields), and photons
         | are only confined when they bounce off the walls, however-
         | 
         | They do that a lot. As you zoom out, the phenomena start to
         | look alike.
        
           | eurasiantiger wrote:
           | > confinement causes mass
           | 
           | So the Pythagoreans were on the right track!
        
           | brimble wrote:
           | Sure, I'm more hung up on the "just shoot some photons into a
           | mirrored box and they'll bounce around forever". That...
           | can't _possibly_ be very close to what they actually did,
           | right? This is one of those cases in which the description
           | that makes it to the public has almost nothing to do with
           | what actually happened, surely? Or did they really do that,
           | and if so, _how_? It seems like it 'd fail for a hundred
           | different reasons. That's more interesting than the
           | phenomenon, to me.
           | 
           | I watched the video and nothing they showed looks like a
           | mirrored box.
        
             | anon_123g987 wrote:
             | A mirror is an object that reflects an image / light /
             | photons. There are mirrors with different reflectiveness
             | and different construction. In the video the prof says they
             | are using a "highly reflective nanostructured mirror", so
             | it's obviously not exactly your silvered glass bathroom
             | variety mirror, but in principle it's the same: a surface
             | that reflects almost all photons, and absorbs or transmits
             | almost none.
             | 
             | The box is also not necessarily like your average shoe box,
             | I'd guess it's much smaller (millimeters), show it's not
             | shown on the video directly, up close.
        
           | kurthr wrote:
           | Well, photons are bosons (spin 1 not 1/2) as result they have
           | very different statistics. You can get population inversion
           | (e.g. a laser or bose condensate) where many of the bosons
           | all sit in a single energy level. That's not possible for
           | fermions due to the fermi exclusion principal (e.g. electron
           | orbital shells).
        
           | nextaccountic wrote:
           | > However, confinement causes mass
           | 
           | That's interesting, can you elaborate? Or point to some link
           | that discuss this
        
       | ars wrote:
       | See also
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugelblitz_(astrophysics)
        
       | steviedotboston wrote:
       | no they didn't, why would you think that? you must be going crazy
        
         | adamsmith143 wrote:
         | Yes they did?
         | 
         | Compressibility and the Equation of State of an Optical Quantum
         | Gas in a Box; Science; DOI:
         | https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abm2543
        
           | awhow wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaslighting
        
           | adwn wrote:
           | It was a pun on the term "gaslighting". I also didn't get it
           | until I read awhow's comment.
        
             | adamsmith143 wrote:
             | My face went through my palm.
        
             | nathancahill wrote:
             | User died for this joke. Commitment.
        
       | ben_w wrote:
       | By a curious coincidence, I've just been listening to _The Black
       | Star Passes_ by John W. Campbell, where a gas made of light is
       | used as a fuel by Venusians.
        
       | throwawaycities wrote:
       | These crazy physicists are going to create a white hole in the
       | lab.
        
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