[HN Gopher] On Tolkien and Orwell
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       On Tolkien and Orwell
        
       Author : BerislavLopac
       Score  : 139 points
       Date   : 2022-03-21 08:04 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.darcymoore.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.darcymoore.net)
        
       | tuvi13 wrote:
       | Two literary giants standing on the shoulders of other giants
       | looking far into the future and seeing how history might repeat
       | itself over and over again.
        
         | adamc wrote:
         | The weaknesses of leaders are human weaknesses. Look at Putin.
        
       | tdumitrescu wrote:
       | For those interested in the subject, the latest Dave Eggers novel
       | (_The Every_) is a really entertaining take on it. Starts out as
       | amusing Silicon Valley satire about the absurdity of the tech
       | giants, and gets very 1984 by the end.
        
       | akomtu wrote:
       | To put it short, Orwell described a society where Sauron had won.
        
         | Jaruzel wrote:
         | Some would argue, that he wasn't wrong...
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | It (and Animal Farm) were depictions of Stalinism from the
           | inside - historical fiction rather than science fiction.
        
             | zaarn wrote:
             | Not really? 1984 was more written in reaction to the
             | british intelligence appartus harassing him rather than
             | Stalin, Orwell was quite a devout communist and that
             | brought down the hammer of the british intelligence
             | organisations on him, trying to censor him and make his
             | life difficult. It isn't really a historical fiction of
             | stalinism and more of living as a communist under the red
             | scare in the western world.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | While it's true that British intelligence were interested
               | in him, he handed them a list voluntarily:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orwell%27s_list
               | 
               | He was a _democratic socialist_ , which put him strongly
               | against actually existing capital-C Communism which was
               | totalitarian and Stalinist. The "memory hole" bit is
               | clearly based on how Trotsky was edited out of the
               | official history, for example. This article cites
               | opposition to Lysenkoism as a direct influence, as well:
               | https://lithub.com/orwells-notes-on-1984-mapping-the-
               | inspira...
        
               | thisNeeds2BeSad wrote:
        
               | zaarn wrote:
               | Voluntarily handing over lists didn't seem to change
               | much. And I don't believe one part of the story aligning
               | with Trotsky quite erases that this story much more
               | closely aligns with the treatment of Orwell at the hands
               | of british authorities rather than Stalin's communism.
               | 
               | For the "democratic socialist" part I would point out
               | that Orwell sympathized with Anarchists in the Spanish
               | revolution at minimum.
        
           | DocTomoe wrote:
           | 1984 was meant as a warning, but used as a manual.
        
             | verisimi wrote:
             | Yes.
             | 
             | 1984 and Brave New World - written by old Etonians and
             | Oxbridge students (Blair and Huxley) - were imaginative
             | works that were about setting goals for the ruling elite. A
             | visionary guide for the governance administrators and an
             | (unheeded) warning for the rest of us.
        
             | agumonkey wrote:
             | Matrix too.
        
             | forgotmypw17 wrote:
             | I think it can also be seen as a survival manual for
             | someone who finds themself inside such a system already.
        
               | SuoDuanDao wrote:
               | I consider it a memetic inoculation - certain things,
               | like newspeak and erasing the past, just stand out as
               | warning signs when one has read 1984 when otherwise one
               | just thinks, "that's kinda weird".
        
               | arethuza wrote:
               | Not a very effective survival manual - by the end of the
               | book Winston Smith has been broken and will soon be
               | executed.
        
               | gidorah wrote:
               | Yeah, but Big Brother loves him!
               | 
               | Always has done, always will.
        
               | bell-cot wrote:
               | "survival manual" is perhaps not quite the right
               | phrase...but watching someone else's failed attempts at a
               | task can be very instructive.
        
               | arethuza wrote:
               | Perhaps 1984 was itself written by the Thought Police to
               | demonstrate the futility of rebelling against Big
               | Brother....
        
               | n4r9 wrote:
               | The atmosphere I remember from 1984 was one of futility.
               | The state had locked down sufficiently that individual
               | rebellion of any sort was infeasible. Am I
               | misremembering?
        
               | KineticLensman wrote:
               | That's what I remember. The state itself has the
               | rebellion, such as it is, totally under control, like
               | everything else.
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | A cautionary tale.
        
       | KineticLensman wrote:
       | I think some of the comparisons are a bit superficial. E.g. the
       | all-seeing eye of Sauron and the panopticon gaze of Big Brother.
       | The supplied quotes actually show that one failed (Sauron didn't
       | perceive Frodo until it was too late) while Big Brother's
       | succeeded. In fact there are several places in the LoTR where
       | Sauron is definitely not all-seeing, and fails to see what is
       | going on, notably with respect to the heirs of Isildur, the
       | locations of the Elven rings, the betrayal of Saruman, and
       | others.
       | 
       | And while I accept some of the academic similarities between
       | Tolkien and Orwell, their own life trajectories were radically
       | different. Tolkien's experienced the horror of WW1 but apart from
       | that lived comfortably in domestic happiness (once he was able to
       | marry his childhood sweetheart) in academia. Orwell had a much
       | wider array of experiences including Imperial administration in
       | Burma, civil war in Spain and extreme personal poverty. He was a
       | prolific writer on social and political issues, while Tolkien,
       | bless him, was deep down the rabbit hole of Middle Earth (as
       | demonstrated by his writings and letters).
       | 
       | I like and admire both authors.
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | I agree: it's more reasonable to consider them as two poles of
         | an English literary tradition, both espousing the cause of the
         | "doughty Englishman" (also expressed by Shakespeare's
         | references to the commoners accompanying Henry V), but with
         | Orwell despairing of their state. and Tolkien celebrating it.
         | 
         | Another contemporary whom I associate with that Weltanschauung
         | is T. H. White, though his perspective, IMHO, is more High
         | Tory.
        
         | humanrebar wrote:
         | > ...the all-seeing eye of Sauron and the panopticon gaze of
         | Big Brother...
         | 
         | There's actually a depth in the comparison and contrast there.
         | The man of faith saw hope in the limits of evil people. In
         | particular, lack of perspective and hubris can bring down even
         | tyrants. And there is a Creator to give confidence that
         | coincidence and divine plans can be the same thing.
         | 
         | There are different flavors of atheism, but many atheists see
         | governments as being the most powerful agents in existence, so
         | an evil, competent, and observant government is quite
         | terrifying indeed. There's no particular reason to hope that a
         | person can ever escape or defeat that kind of monster.
        
           | notahacker wrote:
           | That feels like even more of a stretch. If anything, you
           | could argue that Sauron, who ruled for entire "ages" and
           | whose immortal power was destroyed by the happy accident of
           | another eternally corrupted individual stumbling into a chasm
           | was considerably _less_ limited than the dictatorships
           | composed of mortal individuals Orwell wrote about (and
           | actually personally involved himself in fighting against).
           | Orwell was optimistic enough to counterpoint the end of 1984
           | with an appendix which obliquely referred to the dictatorship
           | and Newspeak as in the past, strongly implying it failed
           | within a generation or so and was regarded as a historical
           | curiosity; Tolkien 's appendices and followup work suggested
           | its near-immortal evil had enjoyed absolute power over
           | generations of humans and orcs
        
             | humanrebar wrote:
             | In Tolkien mythology, Sauron was powerful and long lived
             | but even his power isn't all that impressive to someone who
             | believes in the Abrahamic God. He could not suffer a defeat
             | like Sauron, does not miss details, and has no need for
             | armies or siege weapons.
             | 
             | It's common to question a Creator who waits generations to
             | remove evil persons from the picture, though at some point
             | we're having an argument about deism by proxy and straying
             | from critical analysis as such. It's enough for me that the
             | different ideas and perspectives infused different works.
             | 
             | I like your point about Orwellian optimism. At an
             | historical scale, possibly Orwell was an optimist. I think
             | he was still a pessimist on the scale of individuals,
             | however, in a way that Tolkien didn't seem to be.
        
         | arethuza wrote:
         | There wasn't really a "panopticon gaze of Big Brother" - only
         | the Outer Party were heavily monitored as these were the only
         | people who could be a threat to the Inner Party.
         | 
         | Edit: About ~13% of the population:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Theory_and_Practice_of_Oli...
        
           | KineticLensman wrote:
           | > There wasn't really a "panopticon gaze of Big Brother" -
           | only the Outer Party were heavily monitored as these were the
           | only people who could be a threat to the Inner Party.
           | 
           | Okay, it might not have been a total panopticon (my poor
           | wording), but Big Brother seems not to have had the massive
           | blind-spots that Sauron did.
        
             | adamc wrote:
             | In fiction, perhaps. But I think Tolkien was closer to the
             | mark. In practice, it is very difficult to know everything,
             | even if the information is available, because of the
             | limitations on our attention and imagination. Tolkien
             | clearly describes that as a limitation of Sauron, and I
             | think it remains a limitation, even today, even when all
             | the facts are available.
        
           | vmh1928 wrote:
           | Perhaps Orwell couldn't envision the technological capability
           | that would allow monitoring of the entire population. Plus he
           | hadn't seen the soft revolutions that occurred in the former
           | Soviet Block, driven by masses of common people. In the 40's,
           | with the exception of Germany and Italy, authoritarian
           | regimes were seemingly invincible.
        
         | qiskit wrote:
         | > He was a prolific writer on social and political issues,
         | while Tolkien, bless him, was deep down the rabbit hole of
         | Middle Earth (as demonstrated by his writings and letters).
         | 
         | Tolkien was a social/political writer and lord of the rings was
         | a social/politic text. One of the central themes of LoTR
         | revolved around the central social/political question of the
         | fate of the british empire in the first half of the 20th
         | century. Namely that as transportation improved, it wouldn't be
         | just the colonizers striving outward, but the colonized
         | striving in and overruning the idyllic and white shire. The
         | ring stood for the british empire - something that was attained
         | that conferred immense power to its holder but also corrupted
         | the holder and drew "monsters" to the holder. It is no secret
         | that tolkien based his "dark and swarthy" monsters on the
         | colonized blacks, indians, chinese, etc. It could be read as a
         | call to relinquish the "ring" ( aka british empire ) in order
         | to save "the shire" lest it be overrun by blacks, indians,
         | chinese, etc. It also touched upon nature, environment,
         | religion, etc, but the central theme was the uncomfortable
         | socio-political racial issues of the british empire. To say
         | tolkien was only about Middle Earth is like saying Melville was
         | only about whales. You are missing a lot if you think Tolkien
         | and LoTR didn't delve into social and political issues. It was
         | primarily about social and political issues of that day.
         | 
         | > I like and admire both authors.
         | 
         | Both are great writers though Tolkien is a bit overrated. If
         | you want to read a genuinely great book, read Moby Dick. When I
         | was a teenager, I hated moby dick and loved LoTR. After all,
         | who cares about baleen and whale anatomy? But as you grow older
         | and wiser it flips. Moby Dick gains in esteem and LoTR reads
         | like childish fantasy in comparison. It's like Star Wars and
         | Dune. In 200 years, nobody is going to care about LoTR or Star
         | Wars. People will still read Moby Dick and Dune.
        
           | DonaldPShimoda wrote:
           | > If you want to read a genuinely great book, read Moby Dick.
           | 
           | I am curious as to what are the universally agreed-upon
           | criteria that denote a "genuinely great book". Please, do
           | share them so I might eschew such lowly trash as _The Lord of
           | the Rings_ and never again waste my time on frivolous
           | pursuits purely for the desire to -- dare I say? -- _enjoy_
           | my free time.
        
         | barry-cotter wrote:
         | > extreme personal poverty
         | 
         | Always by choice. He did live in poverty but his family was
         | always there if he decided to call on them and his education
         | and class position meant that there were crappy jobs available
         | for the asking, like being a tutor.
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | "> extreme personal poverty
           | 
           | Always by choice. "
           | 
           | Allmost no one chooses extreme personal poverty. But some
           | like Orwell, choose their own (idealistic) way, over giving
           | in to the other way, even if it means poverty.
           | 
           | I would argue, he would/could not have written 1984 or animal
           | farm, if he would have choosen the shallow, but comfortable
           | life, that his class would have allowed for.
        
             | nindalf wrote:
             | You're mistaken. Orwells choice to live as a homeless
             | person was entirely about collecting material. He
             | eventually wrote the book _Down and Out in Paris and
             | London_ based on his experiences.
             | 
             | I respect the man, I respect his work, I even respect that
             | he did the research first hand instead of relying on second
             | hand accounts. But at any point he wanted he could go to
             | his home or to his friends and family, get a hot meal and a
             | bath. That was not an option for actual homeless people.
             | 
             | When he was down and out in Paris, he could rely on his
             | aunt for financial support. When he was down and out in
             | London he could write to his parents for money. Which he
             | actually did. And they sent him money.
             | 
             | > Allmost no one chooses extreme personal poverty.
             | 
             | So let's be clear - he experienced poverty only so he could
             | write a book, not because he was truly destitute. Almost no
             | one chooses that, but he did.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | Allright, if so I am misstaken. I guess I have to read a
               | bit further on his personal life.
        
           | dghf wrote:
           | From chapter 25 of _Down and Out in Paris London:_
           | 
           | As soon as we were inside the spike [homeless shelter] and
           | had been lined up for the search, the Tramp Major called my
           | name. He was a stiff, soldierly man of forty, not looking the
           | bully he had been represented, but with an old soldier's
           | gruffness. He said sharply:
           | 
           | 'Which of you is Blank?' (I forget what name I had given.)
           | 
           | 'Me, sir.'
           | 
           | 'So you are a journalist?'
           | 
           | 'Yes, sir,' I said, quaking. A few questions would betray the
           | fact that I had been lying, which might mean prison. But the
           | Tramp Major only looked me up and down and said:
           | 
           | 'Then you are a gentleman?'
           | 
           | 'I suppose so.'
           | 
           | He gave me another long look. 'Well, that's bloody bad luck,
           | guv'nor,' he said; 'bloody bad luck that is.' And thereafter
           | he treated me with unfair favouritism, and even with a kind
           | of deference. He did not search me, and in the bathroom he
           | actually gave me a clean towel to myself -- an unheard-of
           | luxury. So powerful is the word 'gentleman' in an old
           | soldier's ear.
        
         | wintermutestwin wrote:
         | I am no Tolkien scholar, but my layman's take is that Sauron
         | failed to see the ring because he was so blinded by the lust
         | for power that could only conceive of actions taken by his
         | powerful enemies to claim more power. He (nor Gollum) could not
         | imagine someone willingly giving that power away.
         | 
         | That said, neither author imagined surveillance on the level
         | that we have today with AI "watchers."
        
           | telchar wrote:
           | In AI terms, you could think of Frodo as an adversarial
           | example, specifically chosen to exploit a known bias in the
           | watcher's model.
        
           | bigtex88 wrote:
           | This is pretty much correct. Sauron kept most of his gaze
           | upon Aragorn and Gandalf and their movements, as he would
           | have suspected one of the two of them would most likely be
           | carrying the ring.
           | 
           | As you said, Sauron expected his enemies to act as he acts,
           | and he would never have thought to give the ring to a
           | creature as lowly as a Hobbit.
        
             | pdonis wrote:
             | _> he would never have thought to give the ring to a
             | creature as lowly as a Hobbit._
             | 
             | Actually, it is explicitly said (by Gandalf, in Book III,
             | Chapter 5) that Sauron knows the Ring was borne by a
             | hobbit. What Sauron is not clear about is _why_ a hobbit
             | has it or what the Fellowship 's destination is. According
             | to Gandalf, he assumes they are going to Minas Tirith, and
             | that once there some more powerful person will take the
             | Ring and use it. In other words, he doesn't expect a hobbit
             | to _keep_ the Ring, much less to be taking it to Mount Doom
             | to be destroyed.
        
       | Barrin92 wrote:
       | I think both fit very well within the trope that Leo Marx when
       | talking about American literature called the _Machine in the
       | Garden_ [1] myth. It's a sort of story in which authors long for
       | pastoral, naturalistic settings that are small scale and
       | untouched by machinery, and so forth.
       | 
       | This is both found in Orwell's democratic Socialism as well as in
       | Tokien's idealized Christian community that is Hobbingen. Orwell
       | of course literally attacks Stalinism and I always interpreted
       | Tolkien's work as doing the same thing, not entirely sure how
       | else to interpret Saruman industrializing the Shire, even though
       | he of course always denied these parallels.
       | 
       | Personally I never really could stand this kind of literature for
       | a lot of the reasons Asimov talks about in his review of 1984[2].
       | It's parochial, technophobic, stereotypically English with its
       | snobbish attitude towards literature, ink quills, pipes and so on
       | and paranoid about anything that seems like popular mass culture
       | or too large or organized in scal or in any other way related to
       | modernity.
       | 
       | [1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Machine_in_the_Garden
       | 
       | [2]http://www.newworker.org/ncptrory/1984.htm
        
         | x3iv130f wrote:
         | It is worth being said that Isaac Asimov was a very passionate
         | reader of Lord of the Rings and similarly Asimov's science-
         | fiction works were one of the very few modern works Tolkien
         | enjoyed reading in his old age.
        
       | ppsreejith wrote:
       | Update: I stand corrected, see comments below. He served with the
       | communist POUM and sympathised with the anarchists.
       | 
       | > Orwell was serving with a Marxist militia in the fight against
       | fascism, in Spain
       | 
       | Orwell actually fought on the side of the anarchists and their
       | side was (later) betrayed by the communists as he mentions in the
       | book: "Homage to Catalonia"
       | 
       | Some Quotes:
       | 
       | https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/7293191-philosophically-com...
       | 
       | https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/7663572-the-fat-russian-age...
       | 
       | https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/7455290-it-is-impossible-to...
        
         | dghf wrote:
         | He sympathised with the anarchists, and in retrospect wished
         | he'd joined them, but the group he joined -- POUM -- were
         | Marxist rather than anarchist, though not Marxist-
         | Leninist/Stalinist (what most people would probably mean by
         | Communist). The group is sometimes described as Trotskyite, but
         | I believe it had already broken with Trotsky by the time Orwell
         | joined.
         | 
         | But its members were indeed the target of a purge by the
         | Stalinists and their allies in the Republican government.
         | 
         | So Orwell was one of the few authors, possibly the only author,
         | to have been shot by Fascists and nearly shot by Stalinists,
         | which probably explains in part the burning distaste for both
         | ideologies evident in _1984._
        
           | nfin wrote:
           | Don't know enough to tell, just (genuinely) asking:
           | 
           | Is it not possibly to join a group, but actually leaning a
           | bit in (also or partially) another direction (knowing that
           | with our human flaws not one direction might be the only
           | possible solution, or a mix or balance might be necessary).
           | 
           | Only partially related: I am for example part of several
           | groups (ok, admittely not as deep Orwell in this example)
           | just so I can understand better all sides of a topic. To
           | better understand a side and interact with the people of that
           | group, I sometimes do not contradict everything I don't agree
           | with, but try to ask the right questions at the right moment.
           | It sometimes feel a better use of time for both sides.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | Social groups? Sure. Armed rebel groups in the middle of an
             | insurgency? Disloyalty is .. less tolerated.
        
               | nfin wrote:
               | oh thanks! it was about being an active part of an armed
               | rebel group? I see. I should have read better what it ws
               | about.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | Pay attention :)
               | 
               | Orwell was in a roughly similar role to one of the
               | idealistic Westerners going to fight in Ukraine today,
               | except the anti-Fascist side was much more politically
               | fragmented, less well armed, and ultimately lost, leaving
               | Spain as officially Fascist until 1977.
        
             | justcreatedlol wrote:
             | If i remember correctly, Orwell joined POUM just because
             | they were sending people to the front lines while the
             | communist party was not at the time he arrived to Barcelona
             | (don't remember the details, maybe they were recruiting for
             | defending Barcelona or their militia had already departed),
             | not out of ideology.
        
               | dghf wrote:
               | After some digging around on Wikipedia's page and in my
               | copy of _Homage to Catalonia,_ it appears that:
               | 
               | * Once he'd decided to go to Spain to fight, he
               | approached the British Communist Party, who suggested he
               | join the International Brigades, but he was unwilling to
               | do that without seeing the situation in Spain for himself
               | first.
               | 
               | * He had friends in the Independent Labour Party, who
               | gave him a letter of introduction for the ILP's man in
               | Barcelona. Once there, he joined the POUM militia,
               | because the POUM were affiliated with the ILP.
               | 
               | * While on leave in Barcelona, he decided to leave the
               | POUM, which was stationed on the comparatively quiet
               | Aragon front, for the chance of fighting on the Madrid
               | front. He would have preferred to join the Anarchists,
               | but was unlikely to be sent to Madrid with them, so
               | applied to join the Communist International Column
               | instead. However, the May Days intervened, sparking the
               | breakdown in relations between the Republican government
               | and Communists on one hand, and the Anarchists, POUM, and
               | other left-wing groups not aligned with Moscow on the
               | other: so he returned to the Aragon front with the POUM
               | until being shot and invalided out, and then fleeing
               | Spain altogether just ahead of a Stalinist purge.
               | 
               | So it would appear that the political differences between
               | the various groups on the Republican side weren't, at
               | least at first, that important to Orwell: making common
               | cause against the Fascists was the priority.
        
           | nsajko wrote:
           | > So Orwell was one of the few authors, possibly the only
           | author, to have been shot by Fascists and nearly shot by
           | Stalinists
           | 
           | That seems like a quite weird take, I would expect there
           | would be more examples that are at least similar?
        
           | marsven_422 wrote:
        
           | rgrieselhuber wrote:
           | When coercion itself is viewed as the core problem, both
           | ideologies are as repugnant as they come. This is what I've
           | taken from Orwell's writing.
        
         | jhbadger wrote:
         | Sort of. He (and POUM) were more anarchist than Marxist. And
         | found themselves under fire but the actual Marxists nearly as
         | much as by Franco's forces.
        
         | arethuza wrote:
         | I thought POUM were communists, just not the Stalinist version
         | of communism?
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/POUM
        
         | thisNeeds2BeSad wrote:
        
         | throwaway59553 wrote:
        
       | billfruit wrote:
       | Do we know what were Tolkiens thoughts on Empire, and its
       | champions like Churchill? Who did Tolkien most likely vote for?
       | Conservatives?
        
         | x3iv130f wrote:
         | "I know nothing about British or American imperialism in the
         | Far East that does not fill me with regret and disgust..." -
         | Tolkien - Letter 100
         | 
         | "For I love England (not Great Britain and certainly not the
         | British Commonwealth (grr!))." - Tolkien - Letter 50
         | 
         | Tolkien hated anything based upon coercion or domination.
         | Whether it was machines that tore up the land and forests or
         | people that forced others into subservience.
        
         | _0ffh wrote:
         | As he developed more and more into an anarchist throughout his
         | life, I suppose he was not a fan of Empire. But he was a stout
         | catholic and somewhat conservative.
        
       | kornhole wrote:
       | When I rarely switch my GrapheneOS phone off airplane mode, I
       | feel like Bilbo putting on the ring. The eye of Sauron is upon
       | me.
        
       | Maursault wrote:
       | > detest French cooking
       | 
       | > Tolkien bemoaned "the medieval take-over of the English
       | language by Norman French".
       | 
       | Unsure of Orwell's feelings, but Humphrey Carpenter wrote that
       | Tolkien suffered from Gallophobia (the root is Gaul), a hatred of
       | all things French.
        
         | DonaldPShimoda wrote:
         | Hence Bilbo living at _Bag End_ instead of a _cul-de-sac_!
        
       | lvxferre wrote:
       | They might have different ideas, but they're still the product of
       | the same time and culture. They're bound to have similar world
       | views.
        
       | DonaldPShimoda wrote:
       | > Tolkien [...] published The Hobbit - a quaint novel for
       | children with _dwarfish_ miners [...]
       | 
       | It is certainly a minor point, but Tolkien was adamant about
       | using "dwarves" instead of "dwarfs" and "dwarvish" instead of
       | "dwarfish" whenever writing about Durin's folk. I find this
       | especially important considering the author of this article later
       | writes:
       | 
       | > Orwell's brand of democratic Socialism (he always capitalised
       | the "s") [...]
       | 
       | If the author is willing to capitalize "Socialism" because of
       | Orwell's preference, then I think it is not unreasonable to ask
       | that they also use the adjective "dwarvish" when referring to the
       | dwarves of Tolkien's writings.
        
       | DeathArrow wrote:
       | Each pair of two random people will have things in common and
       | points where they are different.
       | 
       | This article failed to make a point, to tell us why similarities
       | and differences between the two might be interesting.
        
       | flyinghamster wrote:
       | Another theme that they share is the dangers of technology. The
       | telescreens of _1984_ and the _palantiri_ of _Lord of the Rings_
       | have a lot in common - both are subject to manipulation that can
       | require a great deal of will to see through.
        
         | javajosh wrote:
         | This is covered in the essay, as the author notes that both men
         | are, if not techno-phobic, then certainly not techno-philic.
         | It's not just the Palantiri either, it's also Sauruman.
         | Treebeard explains to Merry and Pippin:
         | 
         |  _> "[Saruman] is plotting to become a Power. He has a mind of
         | metal and wheels; and he does not care for growing things,
         | except as far as they serve him for the moment" (Tolkien)_
         | 
         | The phrase "a mind of metal and wheels" has always stuck with
         | me as a pejorative; this is in contrast with modern phrases
         | like, "He's a machine!" said in a positive way. The mind of
         | metal and wheels is transactional, utilitarian, devoid of
         | sentiment. It would be more like a natural process than a
         | person, if not for ego.
        
           | mellavora wrote:
           | > The mind of metal and wheels is transactional, utilitarian,
           | devoid of sentiment. It would be more like a natural process
           | than a person
           | 
           | I basically like where you are going with this, but wonder
           | why you then say that a transactional/utilitarian process is
           | like a natural process?
           | 
           | Nature as Tolkien seemed to understand it would be anything
           | but transactional and utilitarian.
        
             | javajosh wrote:
             | _> why you then say that a transactional/utilitarian
             | process is like a natural process?_
             | 
             | Because it's impersonal. There's no _chooser_ , it's like
             | the planets zooming around the sun. It is a clockwork that
             | we can understand, but not affect. It doesn't know or care
             | about us - we happen to live on one of the cogs, but the
             | planetary machine would function smoothly with or without
             | any life on the 3rd planet.
             | 
             | Capitalism is much like this. Institutions of a certain
             | size can be like this. Being stuck in a machine is the
             | context of "Howl" by Allen Ginsberg [0]. It is also the
             | subtext of the remarkable "Blame!" anime, a drama that
             | takes place among humans and robots that live as vermin in
             | an automated city that takes little notice of them [1]. Or
             | a more traditional treatment, with a very powerful Mech
             | civilization dominating humans in Benford's Great Sky
             | Rivier [2].
             | 
             | 0 - https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/49303/howl
             | 
             | 1 - https://www.imdb.com/title/tt6574146/
             | 
             | 2 - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Sky_River_(novel)
        
           | deckiedan wrote:
           | For me 'a mind of metal and wheels' was more the desire for
           | control, conformance, and imposed will, rather than the
           | engagement and interaction-with required for working with
           | natural processes, trees, flowers, etc - where you can't
           | force things to happen a specific way, you have to work
           | _with_ them...
        
       | munch117 wrote:
       | > "genuine belief in equality and democracy"
       | 
       | Wtf? LOTR is deeply authoritarian. Sam is constantly praised for
       | his subservience to his master. Rulers are only proper rulers if
       | they come from the correct bloodline - the bloodline of other
       | rulers before them.
       | 
       | I love Tolkien for basically inventing the fantasy genre. But
       | please don't try to paint him as some kind of admirable political
       | thinker.
        
         | Lio wrote:
         | Haha that's so true. I always loved the way they send it up in
         | Monty Python's Holy Grail.
         | 
         | There's more than a few current "leaders" that could learn from
         | it:
         | 
         | King Arthur: I am your king.
         | 
         | Peasant Woman: Well, I didn't vote for you.
         | 
         | King Arthur: You don't vote for kings.
         | 
         | Peasant Woman: Well, how'd you become king, then?
         | 
         | [Angelic music plays... ]
         | 
         | King Arthur: The Lady of the Lake, her arm clad in the purest
         | shimmering samite, held aloft Excalibur from the bosom of the
         | water, signifying by divine providence that I, Arthur, was to
         | carry Excalibur. That is why I am your king.
         | 
         | Dennis the Peasant: Listen. Strange women lying in ponds
         | distributing swords is no basis for a system of government.
         | Supreme executive power derives from a mandate from the masses,
         | not from some farcical aquatic ceremony.
         | 
         | Arthur: Be quiet!
         | 
         | Dennis the Peasant: You can't expect to wield supreme power
         | just 'cause some watery tart threw a sword at you!
        
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