[HN Gopher] When Apple Built a Mac OS Running on Top of Solaris ...
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       When Apple Built a Mac OS Running on Top of Solaris and HP-UX
        
       Author : giuliomagnifico
       Score  : 165 points
       Date   : 2022-03-20 05:38 UTC (17 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (lunduke.substack.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (lunduke.substack.com)
        
       | tiffanyh wrote:
       | Macintosh Application Environment was a Virtual Machine (VM)
       | before VMs became popular.
        
         | mechanical_bear wrote:
         | VMs were quite popular before this project, dating back to the
         | 1960s.
        
           | mnd999 wrote:
           | Indeed, the previous poster might be interested in z/VM for
           | example.
        
       | outside1234 wrote:
       | Windows used to run on top of DEC Alpha too
        
         | karmakaze wrote:
         | I worked at a spinoff company that actually had DEC Alphas for
         | the purpose of running Win NT. We never actually did though,
         | running our VMS versioned product on it instead. Later I
         | canibalized about 3 or 4 machines in the office starting with a
         | Digital PC with localbus graphics to get a hardware platform
         | capable of running NeXTSTEP 3.3. Ran it for a few weeks and it
         | was totally worth it. Got to see what Xcode would be like way
         | in advance.
        
         | mbreese wrote:
         | But that wasn't in an emulator, right? I never used it, but I
         | thought that was a separate build that ran on a DEC Alpha, not
         | emulated on the primary Unix OS.
        
           | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
           | Correct; NT had builds for at least MIPS, Alpha, and x86.
           | 
           | Edit: Here we go:
           | 
           | > Windows NT 3.1 was released for Intel x86 PC compatible,
           | PC-98, DEC Alpha, and ARC-compliant MIPS platforms. Windows
           | NT 3.51 added support for the PowerPC processor in 1995,
           | specifically PReP-compliant systems such as the IBM Power
           | Series desktops/laptops and Motorola PowerStack series; but
           | despite meetings between Michael Spindler and Bill Gates, not
           | on the Power Macintosh as the PReP compliant Power Macintosh
           | project failed to ship.
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_NT#Supported_platfor.
           | ..
        
             | foobiekr wrote:
             | And PowerPC.
        
             | monocasa wrote:
             | And i860, though that one was unreleased and just a
             | development forcing function for portability.
        
         | robk wrote:
         | I spent a summer internship doing qa on the networking bits of
         | nt on alpha at DEC. A bit sluggish but pretty smooth overall.
        
       | rcarmo wrote:
       | I've been seriously considering running BasiliskII on a Raspberry
       | Pi again, if only for that wonderful sense of unfettered
       | simplicity.
       | 
       | Too bad most document formats have evolved beyond the versions of
       | stuff I can run on it.
        
       | ngcc_hk wrote:
       | That is very interesting.
       | 
       | But long term, given it is apple and ignore the sever part (which
       | it should go now but not then), these are bad mix.
       | 
       | Still Steve did try to get linux as base (including talking with
       | Linus) but even that is not right.
       | 
       | It turned out the strange bsd-cum-message based os work fine.
        
         | MBCook wrote:
         | Do you have a source for the Linux part? I've never heard that
         | before and would like to know more.
        
           | ngcc_hk wrote:
           | The discussion with Linus is in the autograph coming out when
           | he passed away.
        
           | ksherlock wrote:
           | In 1996 (prior to the NeXT reverse merger) Apple and OSF
           | started working on MkLinux which was Linux+Mach for PowerPC.
           | Apple dropped it a couple years later.
           | 
           | The Walter Isaacson Steve Jobs biography doesn't have any
           | mentions of Linux or Linus Torvalds FWIW.
        
       | paxswill wrote:
       | > There was a time when Apple has email mailing lists. Here is
       | the MAE User list. And Apple published the archives for people to
       | search. I tell ya. Was a different time at Apple.
       | 
       | Apple still has a handful of mailing lists (they're mostly dead
       | though): https://lists.apple.com/mailman/listinfo
       | 
       | Unfortunately many of the archives are restricted to members.
        
       | ylee wrote:
       | My first year at Columbia, the university set up a single
       | computer lab in the engineering building
       | (<https://cuit.columbia.edu/computer-lab-
       | technologies/location...>) with HP 9000 workstations. Although
       | they booted into HP-UX and its Motif window manager, MAE provided
       | Mac emulation and, in practice, was usually used because most
       | students were unfamiliar with X Window, of course.
       | 
       | MAE was slow and unstable, and by the time I graduated Macs, I
       | believe, replaced them, which made the lab consistent with what
       | most of the other computer labs had.
        
       | adrianmonk wrote:
       | > _Is it a virtual machine? Yes. Yes it is. Mostly._
       | 
       | > _It is, essentially, a 68040 emulator with a Mac ROM and System
       | 7.5.3 sitting on top of it._
       | 
       | It sounds like they basically reused the same design that they
       | used to build PowerPC Macs that could run (legacy) Motorola 68k
       | applications.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac_68k_emulator
       | 
       | When you ran a legacy 68k app, the code of the app itself ran
       | under CPU emulation. But they ported some of the system to
       | PowerPC, and when the legacy app called into those particular
       | parts of the system, that part of the code ran natively. Some
       | lucky apps (with the right workload) ran surprisingly fast.
       | 
       | Looking at the MAE architecture diagram, it looks very similar,
       | with some of the Mac system sitting atop the 68k emulator but
       | some of it sitting atop a layer that doesn't go through
       | emulation.
        
         | marcodiego wrote:
         | > When you ran a legacy 68k app, the code of the app itself ran
         | under CPU emulation. But they ported some of the system to
         | PowerPC, and when the legacy app called into those particular
         | parts of the system, that part of the code ran natively.
         | 
         | Sounds like qemu-user.
        
           | jchw wrote:
           | I think qemu-user is a cleaner split due to the syscall
           | interface being the barrier. IIRC, what Apple was doing was a
           | bit more interesting because there _wasn't_ a clean boundary
           | between what was emulated and what was native.
        
             | marcodiego wrote:
             | So it is like box86, which translates some API calls?
        
               | jchw wrote:
               | If I'm not mistaken, System 7 itself was not entirely
               | ported to PowerPC. So the OS itself still needed m68k
               | emulation for some components.
               | 
               | But yes, box86 sounds a bit closer based on my
               | understanding.
        
       | compsciphd wrote:
       | So a related story (or why I'm not sure Mac OS running on HP-UX)
       | is that strange.
       | 
       | I was interning at the Naval Research Lab in the mid 90s while in
       | high school and was part of a team building what the called the
       | "Secure Tactical Access Terminal". That ran both HP CMW
       | (comparmentalized workstation) an MLS (multi level security)
       | version of HPUX. A big problem on ships is that they have a
       | severe lack of space, so having multiple systems running at
       | multiple classification levels (i.e. command and control machines
       | running JMCIS and normal "office" machines running windows),
       | didn't work so well. so we leveraged the work on CMW machines and
       | provided them with a soft windows (remember them) installation in
       | each compartment that were isolated from one another. So what
       | might have previously been 4 machines on a ship, could be
       | consolidated into one.
       | 
       | We had a test deployment on the USS Theodore Roosevelt (not many
       | HS kids back then could claim that they had stuff they wrote
       | running on an aircraft carrier, so that was cool) and the project
       | was well received by command of the carrier, but soon after the
       | Navy made their decision to transition to NT, and there are
       | famous stories about that.
        
         | karmakaze wrote:
         | Great story. I recall SoftPC but not SoftWindows. The Wikipedia
         | page has something interesting to say:
         | 
         | > Unlike most emulators, the SoftWindows product used
         | recompiled Windows components to improve performance in most
         | business applications, providing almost native performance (but
         | this meant that, unlike SoftPC, SoftWindows was not
         | upgradable).
        
       | racingmars wrote:
       | Not too long ago, I got a SunPC Accelerator card (basically a 486
       | PC on an SBus card) for my SPARCstation 20, and installed the
       | Macintosh Application Environment, so I have Solaris, Mac System
       | 7, and Windows 3.11 running on the SPARCstation 20!
       | 
       | Screenshot of everything happily co-existing:
       | https://i.imgur.com/ctvlzCX.gif
        
       | azalemeth wrote:
       | That sumo wrestler is quite something. I miss Easter Eggs in
       | Apple's software -- there are a few in modern versions (e.g. "cat
       | /usr/share/calendar/calendar.lotr") but I think that picture
       | highlights their sense of humour back in "the day".
        
         | perardi wrote:
         | I think a lot of the old Easter eggs are soon to be lost in
         | time, like tears in rain.
         | 
         | But one I remember: Breakout.
         | 
         | http://www.mackido.com/EasterEggs/Breakout.html
        
         | logbiscuitswave wrote:
         | To me it seems like it's pretty much peak mid-1990s tech
         | advertising. Pick up any issue of WIRED from this time period
         | and it's filled with advertisements with similar kinds of
         | aggressively strange imagery. Things like this were definitely
         | memorable - I certainly can never forget the infamous Logitech
         | ad with the peeing baby. I wouldn't be surprised if much of
         | this style of imagery all came from the same ad firm.
        
           | fouc wrote:
           | I think it's more about the fact it was such a new market,
           | people could have a lot more fun with it and "mass appeal"
           | didn't matter nearly as much. It was still fringe, not
           | everyone had a computer at home or in their pocket yet.
        
       | tluyben2 wrote:
       | That's quite interesting. I had a mac at home and at the
       | university we worked on Solaris machines (laughing at the 3 guys
       | sitting in the Windows room); I always thought 'with a bit of
       | polish on Solaris or a LOT of improved stability on Mac OS,
       | computing is damn near perfect'.
        
         | bgm1975 wrote:
         | It almost happened. If I'm not mistaken, Sun was on Apple's
         | list of possible acquisitions in the late 90s before they
         | decided on Next (Be being the other). Considering Jobs came
         | with Next, Apple would have turned into a very different
         | company. If fact, I suspect the whole tech landscape would
         | probably look a lot different today had Apple bought Sun
         | Microsystems.
        
           | perardi wrote:
           | Nah, _Sun_ was heavily rumored to be buying Apple. And
           | perhaps not so much as "rumored" as "they couldn't make a
           | final deal".
           | 
           | https://www.cultofmac.com/463947/today-in-apple-history-
           | sun-...
           | 
           | I've been a Mac owner since 1994+, and I followed all this
           | soap opera back then. I remember the infamous PRAY cover.
           | 
           | https://www.wired.com/1997/06/apple-3/
           | 
           |  _+I am 38, and I feel like an old man these days, you kids
           | with your "multitasking" and your "APIs that make sense"_
        
           | Maursault wrote:
           | This is not accurate. Sun was never in danger of _being
           | acquiring_ by Apple, instead they nearly merged before NeXT
           | was acquired, then Sun and Apple nearly merged again in the
           | naughts (but I honestly don 't believe Jobs was serious about
           | it). But in 1996, Sun nearly _bought_ Apple.
        
             | bgm1975 wrote:
             | Ah, thanks for the clarification, clearly my memory of the
             | events is fuzzy.
        
             | flembat wrote:
             | Nightmare, they might have ended up owned by ORACLE..
        
       | lundukethrow wrote:
       | so i used to read lunduke's twitter. his current twitter is
       | literally the antithesis of his previous twitter. i have no idea
       | what to think about this.
        
       | jasoneckert wrote:
       | The 1990s had a lot of weird stuff like this - platforms,
       | operating systems and software were exploding, and nobody really
       | knew what the end result would be so they focused on ensuring
       | they had a hand in everything.
       | 
       | Running Mac OS and Mac OS apps using MAE on Unix workstations was
       | one example. But there were others too - some I remember are NeXT
       | on Solaris with OpenStep, Mac LC systems that had a DOS
       | compatibility card (486 CPU) to run DOS/Windows apps, and Unix
       | SysV running in Mac OS using A/UX.
        
         | scarface74 wrote:
         | The LC 68030 series had an Apple // emulation card. I had one.
         | Later they had the "Houdini" "DOS Compatibility Card" for
         | 68040s and the PowerMac 6100 series. I had one of those two.
        
         | AntiRush wrote:
         | The System 7 that runs on A/UX is actually a unix process
         | running on top of the A/UX kernel (which exposes the necessary
         | Macintosh Toolbox features to run the specific version of
         | System 7).
        
         | pjmlp wrote:
         | NeXT on Solaris with OpenStep was the genesis of how Java would
         | be born and some Objective-C based projects at Sun were later
         | ported into Java.
         | 
         | Sometimes I wonder how it would have turned out if Solaris had
         | embraced Objective-C instead.
        
         | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
         | > and Unix SysV running in Mac OS using A/UX.
         | 
         | Likewise, https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/MachTen
        
           | masswerk wrote:
           | MachTen was actually amazing, especially the fast boot time.
           | 
           | (There was also WebTen, which was essentially Apache, Perl
           | and probably MaySQL running on a basic kernel, without a
           | window manager, but with MacOS ineropability and files system
           | sharing.)
        
         | dekhn wrote:
         | Interix: an entire replacement posix subsystem for Windows NT,
         | which included gcc, opengl, and motif. I ported a million line
         | UNIX molecular modelling app to NT in 2000.
        
       | awiesenhofer wrote:
       | Oh wow, I need to check if my old HP-UX pizzabox (HP 712) still
       | boots. I'd love to try this if I can track down the files
       | somewhere.
        
         | dev_tty01 wrote:
         | I used MAE on HP/UX for many years. Worked great. We were
         | workstation based designers and couldn't stand Windows so this
         | allowed us to stay on the workstation and still have access to
         | corporate tools like Office. Had mh wired to pop up the
         | appropriate Office app from MAE when those email attachments
         | arrived.
        
         | trasz wrote:
         | Those are fantastic machines to run NextSTEP, btw.
        
         | ece wrote:
         | I have a SPARCstation this might run on as well.
        
           | tluyben2 wrote:
           | I have a slew of sparcstations so that would indeed be cool
           | if it works. They run Linux though; need to find an old
           | Solaris copy then too I guess.
        
             | ece wrote:
             | archive.org seems to have it:
             | https://archive.org/details/Solaris2.5.1SPARC11972586714
             | 
             | I got one in college, and it was dated even when I got it.
             | I'll need to go back to my parents basement to try and fire
             | it up again, the VGA adapter and and old install of Solaris
             | is about all I can remember.
        
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