[HN Gopher] Land Gained and Lost: A Fermi Estimate
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Land Gained and Lost: A Fermi Estimate
        
       Author : mhb
       Score  : 73 points
       Date   : 2022-03-19 13:20 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (daviddfriedman.blogspot.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (daviddfriedman.blogspot.com)
        
       | ______-_-______ wrote:
       | "I wish most of Canada wasn't so cold"
       | 
       | And the monkey's paw curls.
        
       | bryanrasmussen wrote:
       | This reminds me of Bjorn Lomborg going on the some interview show
       | and saying that we should evaluate also the positive aspects of
       | climate change, for example Denmark could use some warmer weather
       | ha ha ha, charming reptillian smile.
        
         | sebmellen wrote:
         | Do you have a link? I've never known quite what to think of
         | Lomborg.
        
           | bryanrasmussen wrote:
           | No I don't offhand, my girlfriend at the time was doing a
           | climate change project and that was one of the sources so
           | theoretically I could find it. It was on Glen Beck, I found
           | one but it wasn't the one I saw
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xquohKzR8QI , here Lomborg
           | says good to be back so I guess that means he was on at least
           | one time before.
           | 
           | I remember in the interview I saw they were in the same room,
           | this one is over a video call.
        
             | bryanrasmussen wrote:
             | well went through the emails we had around the time, and
             | the various versions of the report, but couldn't find a
             | transcript or link to the Glen Beck video.
        
       | cmrdporcupine wrote:
       | Mostly nonsense masquerading under math/science and missing
       | forest for the trees. Rising temperature does not in itself make
       | land arable or suitable for habitation. In fact it would probably
       | have the opposite effect in sub-arctic regions by causing
       | extensive desertification, forest fires, flooding, erosion, etc.
       | 
       | I can't speak for land in Siberia, but I can speak about land in
       | the north here in my own country, Canada.
       | 
       | The limiting factor for arability in the north here is not
       | temperature, but soil (or, rather, the absence of it.)
       | 
       | Most of the north of Canada, especially the near-north which is
       | now mostly boreal forest, is shallow soil overtop of an almost
       | (or fully) exposed granite base we call the "Canadian shield". It
       | covers a huge portion of the country. It doesn't matter how warm
       | you make it, you won't be able to farm it.
       | 
       | Warming the north also means massive forest fires, which we are
       | already seeing.
       | 
       | In areas where the soils are decent and that aren't on the shield
       | there's _already_ farming quite far north. E.g. take a look at
       | the Peace River etc areas of Alberta. There 's quite a few crops
       | you can grow quite far north. (Also much of Canada isn't
       | geographically that far north anyways, when compared to Eurasia.)
       | But you have to have dirt to grow it in.
       | 
       | As for the tundra / taiga / permafrost even further north, I
       | don't know much about the potential soil quality of that land (I
       | doubt it's great though, it's quite arid), but its thawing is
       | already leading to massive erosion problems and population
       | decline for native species.
       | 
       | EDIT: Just for context: The Canadian Shield is 8 million km^2.
       | The total _land_ surface area of the earth is 148 million km^2,
       | thus: _The Canadian shield is 5% of the entire land surface of
       | the EARTH, 8% of the northern hemisphere 's land mass and 80% of
       | Canada's landmass._
        
         | jotm wrote:
         | Why is the focus on arable land? Is it that important
         | considering agriculture is ridiculously effective? Imo, any net
         | gain would be offset by the massive energy use needed to offset
         | climate change (in turn creating even more climate change), the
         | destruction of natural habitats (animals won't just up and move
         | to new land) and the unrest from mass human migration (humans
         | won't want to settle that new land, either, instead opting for
         | already developed parts).
        
           | cmrdporcupine wrote:
           | I mean I wasn't _just_ focusing on arable land. I mentioned
           | erosion, desertification, and forest fires as well. People
           | aren 't going to want to pack up and move to a place
           | surrounded by a) smoke all summer long <see also the pacific
           | northwest last summer> and b) with no economic life near.
           | 
           | In any case in areas that aren't already settled industrial
           | centres, agriculture is usually the first primary industry to
           | develop. Though perhaps now it could be oil & gas and
           | forestry as well.
        
         | tomrod wrote:
         | Agreed. There is more to soil than dirt, including microbes,
         | fungi, and soil dwelling aerators like worms.
         | 
         | Soil is a miracle of which we are the beneficiaries. Increasing
         | the amount of available land doesn't result in improved soil
         | quality.
        
           | maerF0x0 wrote:
           | > Soil is a miracle of which we are the beneficiaries.
           | 
           | Soil is not a fixed quantity item though, we can make more of
           | it. Part of the problem is the Cost of Living (and
           | subsequently the cost of a marginal farm worker), and many of
           | our ways of scaling farm productivity are tragedies of the
           | commons (atmosphere, water & soil quality, fertilizer farming
           | abroad)
           | 
           | a long while back I heard Joel Salatin speak about various
           | systems for rebuilding dirt to soil . Really roughly it
           | involved inedible biomass like hay, animal fecal material,
           | churning/aeration to get bacteria more active, and then
           | distribution across and through the land by animals
           | (ploughing) .
           | 
           | Geoff Lawton talks about tools for permaculture and includes
           | bird droppings -- for a small amount of food you can get bird
           | droppings distributed into your environment to improve the
           | soil quality.
           | 
           | In many ways big machinery is disadvantaged in this system
           | because of things like their waste goes into the atmosphere
           | rather than the soil.
        
         | leereeves wrote:
         | > The limiting factor for arability in the north here is not
         | temperature, but soil (or, rather, the absence of it.)
         | 
         | According to Wikipedia, "Approximately half of Canada is
         | covered by forest."[1] If the soil is deep enough to grow
         | trees, why can't it grow crops?
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forests_of_Canada
        
           | maerF0x0 wrote:
           | Many reasons including PH, Soil retention under weathering
           | (tree roots hold soil, and reduce wind erosion from leaves
           | too), preferred fertilizer mix (nitrogen for example).
           | 
           | This all said, there are plenty of farming techniques that
           | can make the land productive, it's just not as simple as
           | clear cut + plant.
        
           | cmrdporcupine wrote:
           | I invite you to drive three or four hours north of Toronto
           | and see for yourself. Or just Google image search "Canadian
           | shield", I think it will become clear to you. It's beautiful
           | country, BTW. But not farm country. (I personally would
           | welcome the challenge, but my wife and kids would probably
           | not appreciate it)
           | 
           | It's a thin layer of top soil overtop of granite, often
           | exposed. a) it's variable terrain and mostly not level and
           | full of exposed rocks, so not suitable for mechanized agri.
           | Just getting a house built there with a well or basement
           | often involves dynamite b) Trees roots can penetrate nooks
           | and crannies most agri crops can't. c) the soil pH is wrong,
           | it's quite acidic in spots.
           | 
           | It goes on like that for probably more than 1/2 of the
           | Canadian land mass BTW.
        
             | hervature wrote:
             | As somebody who grew up 5 hours north of Toronto where the
             | primary industry is agriculture, I find this incredibly
             | insulting. Do you think a picture in a textbook exemplifies
             | the entire region? Go look at satellite photos of the
             | triangle Ville-Marie, Rouyn-Noranda, and Val-d'Or and tell
             | me what you see? It will be nothing but farmland and this
             | is in the dead center of the Canadian shield.
        
               | cmrdporcupine wrote:
               | Whatever, I never said anything about it being 100%
               | monolithically seas of exposed granite. I've been around
               | Northern Ontario and seen plenty of farmland, but it's
               | the exception to the rule and that can be clearly seen in
               | satellite maps.
               | 
               | BTW that area looks neat. I'd like to visit. But it does
               | look like the farmland there is a product of a low lying
               | lake basin, maybe sedimentary deposits left over after
               | glaciation? And sticks out like a sore thumb from the
               | surrounding area. (EDIT: just read up on the "Timiskaming
               | Graben"... cool!)
               | 
               | I do think, on the whole, northern Ontario stands to do
               | better out of climate change than many other places in
               | the world.
        
         | thepangolino wrote:
        
       | jddil wrote:
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | sure, but it is vote based here.. post what you want to see
        
       | gregwebs wrote:
       | I think this glosses over the issues of land becoming more arid.
       | Most of the western United States is struggling to deal with this
       | and it seems likely that agricultural output will decrease in
       | these areas even if the land is not unusable by the standards of
       | this article.
        
         | manholio wrote:
         | A significant concern the author is not considering is soil
         | salinity. Most of the coastal land is not easily defendable
         | cities, but productive agricultural land.
         | 
         | When sea level rise then the salty water infiltrates into the
         | ground water and makes vast amounts of soil infertile, from
         | what I understand a much larger area than the zone lost
         | directly to flooding. This will destroy massive wealth and push
         | rural farmers inland, in conflict with each other or the wild
         | areas.
        
         | karlkatzke wrote:
         | It also glosses over that arctic land isn't usable for
         | agriculture. There's nowhere near enough fertile soil in former
         | permafrost. The areas that did have fertile soil are now
         | deserts or covered in salt water. It really comes off as
         | disingenuous to me in that regard; it's a quantitative analysis
         | without any of the qualitative measures that are necessary.
        
           | masklinn wrote:
           | > There's nowhere near enough fertile soil in former
           | permafrost.
           | 
           | Not only that, former permafrost is highly unstable almost by
           | definition: as soon as it starts melting it starts shifting.
           | This is already starting to be an infrastructure issue, as
           | roads and bridges built on/in permafrost degrade at very high
           | rate when it thaws.
           | 
           | And that's before considering the cool methane bombs. Nothing
           | says stability like your field or house being replaced by a
           | 40m deep crater.
           | 
           | And then, obviously, global warming / permafrost melting
           | doesn't magick a more reasonable insolation. Even ignoring
           | soil quality factors, agricultural yields start degrading as
           | you go further towards the poles because the seasons and
           | sheer amount of sun are crap.
        
         | Y-bar wrote:
         | Similarly. Where I live (Scandinavia) we have seen modest
         | change in precipitation on a yearly basis, and if you look at
         | our country as a singular unit. However, the when and where
         | when looking more detailed into the numbers reveal that
         | lowland/farmland gets drier while highlands get wetter. We now
         | have yearly drought warnings due to this.
        
       | vegetablepotpie wrote:
       | This is an interesting, coarse grained analysis. If you were
       | looking for a false sense of security, or evidence to use in a
       | melodramatic argument, this would fit.
       | 
       | The fundamental problem with climate change is the amount of
       | uncertainty it brings. All of civilizations infrastructure has
       | been built assuming a constant climate system. With 1-6 ft of sea
       | level rise possible, and 1.5 - 6 degrees of warming possible, and
       | completely uncertain impacts to local climates, I can't tell you
       | _where_ to build the next sea port, farm, and city.
        
         | VariableStar wrote:
         | Exactly. Also there is no mention of how temperatures are
         | distributed and how extremes occur. A +3degC increase does not
         | merely mean a linear shift of the temperature records but also
         | an increase in the spread of the values, often meaning making
         | tails fat, i.e. increasing the likelihood of high temperature
         | extremes.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | And on the high end, those extremes coupled with humidity can
           | kill.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet-bulb_temperature#Wet-
           | bulb_...
           | 
           | Neal Stephenson's latest novel, Termination Shock, starts
           | with an Indian city hitting this point and having the power
           | grid fail due to demand for air conditioning, resulting in
           | millions dead. It's fairly plausible.
        
             | kornhole wrote:
             | You were referring to Kim Stanley Robinson's latest book,
             | The Ministry for the Future. I have read both and recommend
             | both highly.
        
               | tomrod wrote:
               | Thanks for the recommendations!
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | Ack, you're right! Thanks! Mixing up my recent readings,
               | whoops.
        
         | fpoling wrote:
         | Stable climate have never existed. 9000 years ago the average
         | temperature was likely higher than presently by 1 - 1.5 degree.
         | 1000 years ago Northern Atlantic and Pacific were warmer than
         | today. Vikings called Newfoundland Wine Land due to grapes that
         | where grown there. Then that rapidly shifted into much colder
         | conditions.
         | 
         | And then the next ice age can start within the next 1000-2000
         | years which is much worse for the civilization than global
         | warming to the point that perhaps pumping CO2 into atmosphere
         | is not a bad idea if it allows to stop that.
        
           | f-securus wrote:
           | Current climate change is happening at an incredibly fast
           | rate compared to historical fluctuations. I don't think they
           | are comparable. But the point is nobody knows for certain so
           | when it comes to modifying our environment at a grand scale
           | we should probably try to be conservative.
        
             | akvadrako wrote:
             | This is not true at all. During the recent period known as
             | the Younger Dryas average global temps changed about 5degC
             | over a few decades and then did it again in the opposite
             | direction 1000 years later.
             | 
             | The post-industrial period is so short it wouldn't even
             | register on most historical proxies.
        
             | fpoling wrote:
             | There were a lot of rather abrupt changes even during
             | Holocene [1]. We do not understand what could have been
             | triggers for those changes. Which really emphasizes that we
             | do not know how the climate works and as a civilization
             | should have being preparing for the worst.
             | 
             | [1] - https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-319
             | -16006-...
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | In general it is true, that climate changes are normal.
           | 
           | But the drastic, artifical change we are about to wittness,
           | is something new.
           | 
           | https://xkcd.com/1732/
        
           | roamerz wrote:
           | Based on the the contrast of your text to the background this
           | kind of factual comment is not popular here lol.
           | 
           | I think stop global warming at all costs segment here as well
           | as society as a whole would be better served by getting
           | behind initiatives that promote anti pollution ie getting rid
           | of coal and burning oil to produce grid energy. Solar is good
           | too. Put your energy into promoting that and other solutions
           | such as planting more trees instead of planting yourselves in
           | front of a badly needed oil pipeline. I and a large segment
           | of the population might support those efforts more if they
           | were more centrist and weren't so hostile to society. Focus
           | on the common sense stuff.
        
             | fpoling wrote:
             | Short-term given the current political situation burning
             | coal is better than burning oil or natural gas. Coal is
             | distributed much more evenly among countries than oil and
             | gas. Wars like in Ukraine or Yemen are only possible due to
             | money Russian or Saudi Arabia earns from the energy export.
             | And pollution from wars may offset any savings from
             | supposedly cleaner energy sources. Plus coal transportation
             | is much more distributed operation making it resilient in
             | case of natural disasters or terrorism. Plus the latest
             | coal plants approaching 50% efficiency with proper capture
             | of bad things in coal are not that bad.
             | 
             | Longer term wind and especially solar are way better
             | precisely because they allow very local production, but
             | full switch to those is a far future especially with the
             | current realization that cloudy sky with no wind can lasts
             | for months even in supposedly sunny places.
        
         | gmuslera wrote:
         | Focusing on economic gains?
         | 
         | Cities flooded by each time more frequent heavy rains or
         | directly sea rise won't come cheap, and that is where most of
         | human population lives (and most will lose everything they
         | have). It is not that new land opens elsewhere while everything
         | else keeps being in exactly the same way as today.
         | 
         | It could mean death by extreme weather, starving, more frequent
         | wars for billions, but I suppose that if they aren't in the top
         | 1% it doesn't matter nor have an economic value to be weighted
         | by those equations.
         | 
         | And it is a process. Is not something that will slow down or
         | stop till we get back to the amount of GHG and feedback loops
         | of 100-200 years ago, and we don't have an advanced technology
         | enough to be undistinguishable from magic regarding this.
         | Things will keep getting worse, maybe not at the level of Venus
         | by Tuesday, but bad enough to risk most of life on the planet
         | (including ours).
        
           | thepangolino wrote:
        
       | Victerius wrote:
       | Another beneficial consequence of climate change over the long
       | term will be the return of megafauna. Apatosaurs, dunkleostei,
       | sarcosuchus imperator, and others will make a comeback. I can't
       | wait.
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | or, anything larger than a dog will fail (extinction) in the
         | wild.. many pollinators, species with a large range, and
         | species with specific habitat needs and long breeding cycles,
         | will fail.
        
       | marcosdumay wrote:
       | > I want to know if they are, for some reason, wildly wrong.
       | 
       | Yes, they are. Agriculture transforms solar energy into food. Any
       | analysis that ignores the solar input is wrong by principle.
       | 
       | Land area is an important secondary variable, you will need it
       | too, but the main variable isn't even on the article.
        
       | wazoox wrote:
       | This seems to naively suppose that the gain could offset the
       | losses. Except for the problem that large populations, cities,
       | ports, industries etc are located on the coasts, while the land
       | gains in cold, remote regions will be probably mostly useless for
       | centuries.
        
         | manholio wrote:
         | The sea level rise is slow enough that no actual populated
         | areas will be "flooded" leaving people homeless. Rather, it
         | will be a very predictable process, each year the sea will rise
         | by a small steady amount.
         | 
         | The natural life of a city building is on the order of 100
         | years, on the same scale as the sea rise phenomenon. So cities
         | and people will incorporate that into their planning and
         | property valuation and urban areas will naturally shift towards
         | higher altitudes as new buildings are constructed and old stock
         | is abandoned.
         | 
         | For particularly valuable pieces of real estate, defenses will
         | be built. If sea walls were viable 200 years ago for
         | agricultural land in the Netherlands, it will surely make sense
         | for Manhattan.
        
           | jotm wrote:
           | Maybe people should abandon these cities. It's sunk cost
           | fallacy, I think? This land is valuable, therefore we'll
           | invest enormous resources into keeping it livable, creating
           | even more climate change, requiring even more investment...
           | 
           | Eventually they'll have to be abandoned anyway, that energy
           | use would be way more efficient just a few miles inland.
           | Which I just realized is in part what you said :D
        
           | kadoban wrote:
           | What really happens is that areas flood more and more often
           | due to "freak" storms. Eventually they're under water full
           | time, but well before that, nobody can live there.
           | 
           | > The natural life of a city building is on the order of 100
           | years
           | 
           | That's great except sea level rise is going to be a lot
           | faster than that.
        
             | manholio wrote:
             | Why would 0.6 m of water make a city unlivable? Will 0.6 m
             | make a place where are no "freak" storms into a place
             | "under water full time"?
             | 
             | That is an entirely savage fantasy. 0.6 m is nothing
             | compared to the natural rate of change in a modern city.
             | See for example the embanking of the Thames, or try to
             | imagine how the beaches of New York looked 100 years ago.
             | They were built, rebuilt and raised and redesigned many
             | times over.
        
           | gmuslera wrote:
           | Never cross a river that is on average 4 feet deep. Storms,
           | currents, each time more frequent extreme weather, disrupted
           | climate features (like the polar vortex or AMOC). It won't be
           | an orderly, even and without side consequences inch by inch
           | sea rise. You will have pretty chaotic living conditions
           | decades before that average sea rise, do you feel lucky? Can
           | buy another house in another city if yours get flooded by a
           | week long heavy rain next year? Can most people do that?
        
       | beebeepka wrote:
       | Dale Gribble: I say let the world warm up, see what Boutros
       | Boutros-Ghali-Ghali thinks about that! We'll grow oranges in
       | Alaska.
       | 
       | Hank Hill: Dale, you giblet-head, we live in Texas. It's already
       | a hundred and ten in the summer, and if it gets one degree
       | hotter, I'm gonna kick your ass!
        
         | TimPC wrote:
         | Does anyone else find a man who makes a living selling propane
         | and propane accessories criticizing others over global warming
         | to be a bit rich?
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | Drought and flood projections undermine the 'usable' claim:
       | 
       | https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2881/earths-freshwater-future-...
       | 
       | Projected result on agricultural production? (IPCC 2020):
       | 
       | "World Bank (2009) projected that, without the carbon
       | fertilisation effect, climate change will reduce the mean yields
       | for 11 major global crops, such as millet, field pea, sugar beet,
       | sweet potato, wheat, rice, maize, soybean, groundnut, sunflower,
       | and rapeseed, by 15% in Sub-Saharan Africa, by 11% in Middle East
       | and North Africa, by 18% in South Asia, and by 6% in Latin
       | America and Caribbean by 2046-2055, compared with 1996-2005. A
       | separate meta-analysis suggested a similar order of reduction in
       | yields in Africa and South Asia due to climate change by 2050
       | (Knox et al., 2012). Schlenker and Lobell (2010) estimated that
       | in sub-Saharan Africa, crop production may be reduced by 17-22%
       | due to climate change by 2051. At the local level, climate change
       | impacts on crop yields vary by location (Chapter 5). Negative
       | impacts of climate change on agricultural productivity contribute
       | to higher food prices. The imbalance between supply and demand
       | for agricultural products is projected to increase agricultural
       | prices in the range of 32% for rice to 100% for maize by 2050
       | (Nelson et al., 2010), and cereal prices in the range between a
       | 32% increase and a 16% decrease by 2030 (Hertel et al., 2010)."
        
       | jsnell wrote:
       | Why does the author think that for the effects of high
       | temperatures it's the annual average that matters, but for the
       | effects of low temperatures it's the minimum? It seems
       | intuitively obvious that the extremes matter way more for both
       | cases. A place with a steady 30 degrees temperature across the
       | year is just fundamentally more habitable than one with the same
       | average coming from 60 degree peaks and 0 degree troughs.
       | 
       | (The obvious answer is that the inconsistency is in bad faith, to
       | fudge the numbers into fitting the author's preferred narrative.
       | Is there any legitimate explanation?)
        
         | electromech wrote:
         | Where are you getting that from the article? He seems to
         | address that point:
         | 
         | > Both of these calculations are based on average temperature.
         | Arguably what habitability depends on is be maximum
         | temperature. If it gets unendurably hot during a summer day,
         | the fact that winter nights are cold is little compensation.
        
           | jsnell wrote:
           | I'm getting it from what the author does, rather than what
           | they say. The calculation for high temperatures is based on
           | annual averages. The calculation for low temperatures is
           | based on the coldest time of the year.
           | 
           | I had missed that sentence, but fail to see how it makes
           | things better. It just means that the author is aware of the
           | problem and has no excuse for using a different methodology
           | for the two cases.
        
         | vegetablepotpie wrote:
         | I didn't want to believe your parentheses text, but I found
         | that the author also has an article criticizing climate
         | projections as volatile and too far into the future [1].
         | 
         | This is straight up climate denial. It's very pernicious. It
         | admits that climate is changing, it references one of the more
         | dire predictions (3 C), and it doesn't deny that the change is
         | human caused. It's pernicious because it _shifts_ attention
         | from an important negative implication (uncertainty with
         | climate) towards an positive but inconsequential impact (more
         | land area). Instead of talking about mass migrations of
         | billions of people and food availability, we're talking about
         | land.
         | 
         | These arguments are always all over the place, they vary from
         | "it's not happening" to "don't worry about it if it is" Climate
         | skepticism has never been about good faith scientific inquiry,
         | it's always been about insulating incumbent interests from
         | change.
         | 
         | [1] http://daviddfriedman.blogspot.com/2021/11/a-prediction-
         | we-w...
        
       | dboreham wrote:
       | I had this idea 25 years ago. Move to a place where it's cold,
       | and away from the sea (Montana), and over time it will get
       | warmer. In some respects it worked out. It did get warmer. There
       | are far fewer < 0F days here now. More people want to move here
       | now which has increased property prices, increasing my net worth.
       | 
       | However, not all is positive. Warmer springs mean much more ice
       | on roads, making driving more dangerous, more flooding, erosion.
       | Less snowpack means more fires and larger fires. It's becoming
       | more difficult to get insurance. Lack of extreme cold in winter
       | allows invasive species to survive. Insects that would have been
       | killed by the cold now devastate trees, killing them, making fire
       | risk even worse. Severe hailstorms are now more common,
       | increasing the risk of damage to vehicles and buildings.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | m0llusk wrote:
       | I know at least one midwestern US farmer who quit and sold his
       | land which had been in his family for generations because
       | increasing frequency of large storms made his harvests
       | unreliable.
        
       | electromech wrote:
       | The most important part of the post:
       | 
       | > This is a draft of a chapter for a book I am working on... My
       | conclusions are pretty dramatic and I want to know if they are,
       | for some reason, wildly wrong.
       | 
       | I am familiar with the author; he's genuine about wanting
       | feedback. Some of the comments here are likewise genuine, but I
       | worry that other readers here are like this fellow:
       | 
       | > The obvious answer is that the inconsistency is in bad faith,
       | to fudge the numbers into fitting the author's preferred
       | narrative.
       | 
       | You want "bad faith," try assuming the author's plea for feedback
       | is dishonest.
        
         | ianai wrote:
         | He also states this datum isn't brought up in climate change
         | discussions. It absolutely is brought up. Just listen to just
         | about any interview with David Wallace-Wells and he'll say it's
         | a mixed bag with some regions seeing benefits and others
         | catastrophe. And that's just one author. This overstatement
         | suggests questionable motives.
        
       | epall wrote:
       | No mention of permafrost? Yes, the _air_ will be more habitable,
       | but if the _ground_ is a boggy mess, you're not going to be doing
       | much with this newly habitable land.
        
         | saalweachter wrote:
         | There were also no occurrences of the words "sun", "light", or
         | "insolation".
         | 
         | The further away from the equator you go, the more your
         | sunlight becomes a fickle seasonal creature hitting you at odd
         | angles in varying intensity. Temperature isn't the only
         | variable affecting the growing season and agricultural
         | productivity.
        
         | searchableguy wrote:
         | Is there a way to detect permafrost and remove it using
         | available tech?
        
           | KyeRussell wrote:
           | Thank you for reminding me that I'm on Hacker News.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | 11% of the planet's surface has permafrost. Good luck.
        
           | JulianMorrison wrote:
           | Detect it: poke a stick. It stops, at a pretty consistent
           | depth, and not because of rock.
           | 
           | Remove it: overheat the planet. It will turn to mud. Anything
           | built on it will subside or sink. Massive amounts of trapped
           | organic matter will turn to methane.
           | 
           | Eventually, I presume the area would settle into a new
           | climatic zone, with neither permafrost nor mud. Emphasis on
           | "eventually".
        
       | ianai wrote:
       | "They also imply that nearly five hundred times as much land is
       | gained through warming as is lost through sea level rise, which
       | makes it odd that only the latter is commonly included in
       | discussions of the effects of climate change."
       | 
       | Not odd. Wars are fought over "border changes" and resources
       | which this definitely constitutes. The changes would be global
       | and so would the war. This is a very simplistic view to the point
       | of neglect crossing into malice.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | somenameforme wrote:
         | > "The changes would be global and so would the war."
         | 
         | One thing that might lead different people to different
         | perspectives is reflected in your choice of words. Climate
         | change and sea level rise is not a future tense, but a present
         | tense scenario. It's already happening. It's easy to view it as
         | something that happens where you go from today's "normal" to
         | the sea rise of the future and perceive the chaos that must
         | entail. The NOAA, in their 2019 report, puts the worst case
         | scenario at up to 5 meters by the year 2300. [1] So the tail
         | end worst outcome results in an overall sea level rise of less
         | than 2cm a year. There is of course an acceleration but it's
         | relatively gradual. It never goes from zero to 'Let's go
         | swimming on Main St.'
         | 
         | If you'd like to see what might happen in a hyper-accelerated
         | case of sea level rise, you can follow the news about Bangkok.
         | Bangkok is a city that was built on a marshy soft clay type
         | terrain and so the literal weight of urbanization and
         | development within the city is causing the city to sink by
         | compressing the terrain under the city. This is further
         | compounded by real sea level rise, local climate conditions
         | (annual extreme typhoons), and relatively poor infrastructure.
         | A bit of a perfect storm. Estimates vary but the city is
         | sinking by around 2cm per year.
         | 
         | It's an issue and is affecting the city. But it's not really
         | triggering a panic or causing any sort of chaos. The city is
         | trying to resolve the issue using technological and
         | developmental solutions, and life more or less goes on. Should
         | the solutions prove untenable I expect the city will gradually
         | start to decline in population with a proportional increase in
         | population to outlying areas. And life continues.
         | 
         | [1] -
         | https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/148494/anticipating...
        
       | [deleted]
        
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