[HN Gopher] US schools can subscribe to an electric bus fleet at...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       US schools can subscribe to an electric bus fleet at lower prices
       than diesel
        
       Author : orangebanana1
       Score  : 213 points
       Date   : 2022-03-18 18:12 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.canarymedia.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.canarymedia.com)
        
       | roamerz wrote:
       | Cheaper for the school districts themselves maybe. I'd like to
       | see an honest article that included the overall cost to taxpayers
       | as well.
        
       | guerby wrote:
       | For those curious about EV bus including maintenance vs diesel
       | EEVBlog has one episode on a private company switching to EV:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dKs3LytrICA
        
       | me_me_mu_mu wrote:
       | When I was a kid like 15 years ago we'd walk to school if it was
       | close. I took the bus until middle school which was like 1 mile
       | away.
       | 
       | I hope car usage goes down, especially a single person driving a
       | big SUV. Walk, or bike, to where you need to go. Less cars, more
       | safe.
        
       | elihu wrote:
       | Apparently there's an important patent on lithium iron phosphate
       | (LFP) batteries that expires next month (on April 27th). I'm
       | hoping that changes the economics on batteries and that LFPs
       | become cheap and abundant, and widely available from a variety of
       | manufacturers that aren't located in China.
       | 
       | LFP seems like the obvious choice for large vehicles like buses
       | unless there's some reason to really need to optimize for range.
       | In schoolbuses especially, it would be good to use a kind of
       | battery that's much less likely to catch on fire.
        
         | mardifoufs wrote:
         | LiFePo batteries are already getting produced in huge numbers
         | in China and are very cheap even here in the west. Could the
         | Chinese LiFePo products legally be imported if they were using
         | patented tech? Or is it a specific variation of LiFePo that is
         | patented, and could make the batteries better?
         | 
         | Because at 150-250$/kWh _retail price_ it 's going to be
         | extremely hard for local manufacturers to compete in the market
         | against established Chinese manufacturers that can already make
         | state of the art, high quality batteries at insane volumes.
        
         | dont__panic wrote:
         | I'm curious how they perform in cold conditions. Where I grew
         | up, a solid 50% of the school year was at or below freezing
         | regularly. We really worked those bus heaters -- you know the
         | type, under a few seats scattered around the bus. Curiously, it
         | doesn't seem that buses use heat from the engine, like most ICE
         | vehicles, for heat. Instead, I'm pretty sure they were just
         | using power from the motor for electric heating elements with
         | fans. Given that an electric bus could easily fit an enormous
         | battery slab under the seating, I wonder if electric buses
         | could be even better than ICE buses in cold conditions --
         | barring the obvious issues with battery efficiency in cold.
        
         | speedgoose wrote:
         | Is safety a criteria for school bus in USA? I thought it was
         | only cost since the design is from the last century and many
         | bus don't even have seatbelts.
        
           | bpodgursky wrote:
           | IIRC the conclusion was that requiring seat belts slows down
           | the loading / unloading process and decreases ridership
           | enough that more kids will actually get hurt when their
           | parents drive them to school instead (since cars are far more
           | dangerous to riders than giant heavy slow-moving busses).
        
           | jws wrote:
           | The NHTSA recognizes that large busses are not cars and use a
           | different solution.
           | 
           |  _Large school buses are heavier and distribute crash forces
           | differently than passenger cars and light trucks do. Because
           | of these differences, bus passengers experience much less
           | crash force than those in passenger cars, light trucks, and
           | vans.
           | 
           | NHTSA decided the best way to provide crash protection to
           | passengers of large school buses is through a concept called
           | "compartmentalization." This requires that the interior of
           | large buses protect children without them needing to buckle
           | up. Through compartmentalization, children are protected from
           | crashes by strong, closely-spaced seats that have energy-
           | absorbing seat backs._
           | 
           | Statistics bear this out, taking a school bus to school is
           | about 70 times more likely to deliver a student safely. In
           | this context, 70 is huge.
        
             | speedgoose wrote:
             | It's a nice way to say that kids can slam the seats.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | daemoens wrote:
               | They'll slam into the seats and still be safer.
        
               | freeflight wrote:
               | YouTube has plenty of videos showing the insides of
               | school buses during crashes, anything that ain't a
               | frontal crash has kids sliding and flying all over the
               | place.
               | 
               | They slide sideways out of the seats trough any serious
               | horizontal forces, in the case of a rollover their heads
               | will violently hit the roof as they literally take off
               | from the seats [0], and then fall on the people on the
               | ground side.
               | 
               | [0] https://youtu.be/OvNjVQkye8Y
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | And airbags is a nice way of saying a little bomb is
               | going to blow up in your face if you crash.
        
             | freeflight wrote:
             | This NTSB PSA video explains it like "eggs in a carton"
             | [0], but those bus seats look like regular benches, zero
             | molding for an actual fit, like an egg would have inside a
             | carton from all sides.
             | 
             | I understand that getting a horde of kids to put on
             | seatbelts is a compliance nightmare, but imho it's
             | difficult to argue how that wouldn't make a massive
             | difference in a crash scenario, particularly during roll-
             | over incidents [1]
             | 
             | [0] https://youtu.be/ksw67zFnuAE
             | 
             | [1] https://youtu.be/l4uHbX0SL_w (NSFW)
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | How common do you think that is? There seem to be several
               | videos, but perhaps there's a lot of CCTV on school
               | buses.
               | 
               | I can't remember ever seeing pictures of a city bus (as
               | opposed to a long distance bus) overturned in an accident
               | in Europe. City bus-type vehicles are used for public bus
               | service and school bus service ("school bus" is a usage,
               | not a type of vehicle) but searching for things like "bus
               | crash England" shows very, very few cases where a bus has
               | overturned, even when it's come off the road and slid
               | down a slope.
               | 
               | If [1] is anything to go by, the bus needs to hit a
               | similarly heavy vehicle to overturn. Could the American
               | school bus design be susceptible to climbing up/rolling
               | over a car, then tipping, compared to the typical
               | European low-floor lower-centre-of-gravity bus?
               | 
               | (No doubt there are other factors that influence the
               | American school bus design.)
               | 
               | [1] https://www.theguardian.com/uk/2009/dec/16/bus-
               | toppled-colli...
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | School busses have a ton of safety features -- just with a
           | different strategy than is applied to cars. Part of the
           | reason many don't have seat belts is because they are also
           | designed to have safety features that work without seatbelts.
           | The passengers are rowdy kids who might not always wear their
           | seatbelts, so while adding them might increase protection in
           | some cases, a safety design that primarily relies on
           | seatbelts might not actually be a great idea.
           | 
           | US school busses are heavy and sit very high. Busses can be
           | hit by cars with little force imparted to the occupants. The
           | most dangerous thing about school busses is the risk it poses
           | to the other drivers that hit it:
           | https://www.chron.com/news/houston-
           | texas/houston/article/Cra...
        
           | missedthecue wrote:
           | There have been a ton of DOT and NHTSA studies that have
           | shown that seatbelts don't keep children that much safer
           | during accidents that involve school busses, because the
           | children are high off the ground, busses don't move at very
           | high speeds, 48 children wearing seatbelts makes a
           | firefighters rescue job 100x harder, etc...
        
           | xxpor wrote:
           | Seat belts have been required in some states for decades at
           | this point. We had them on buses when I was in elementary
           | school 20 years ago, in NJ.
           | 
           | Now... getting kids to actually use them is a different
           | matter.
        
             | horsawlarway wrote:
             | In many of the most common situations - they just don't
             | matter that much on a school bus.
             | 
             | The bus is generally the largest vehicle on the road, and
             | an impact from a car (or even pickup truck/suv) is unlikely
             | to significantly move the bus. Plus - the sit very high,
             | and impacts tend to drive the other vehicle down - rather
             | than moving the body of the bus.
             | 
             | The only situation they really are useful is when the bus
             | rolls, and for buses that aren't driving highway speeds
             | (which is most of them), they almost never roll (the only
             | exception is essentially driver error - where the bus
             | leaves the road on slope)
        
         | sremani wrote:
         | I do not know if we are in a commodity super-cycle but Li price
         | is brrrrrrr.
         | 
         | https://www.dailymetalprice.com/metalpricecharts.php?c=li&u=...
         | 
         | The days of falling battery prices in dollar terms are over.
        
           | coryrc wrote:
           | Lithium is a tiny fraction of battery cost.
        
             | sremani wrote:
             | Materials are 60% cost of Li battery and across the board
             | material costs are increasing. So, I stick to my assessment
             | barring new evidence (which was not provided by your post),
             | that Li battery prices falling in dollar terms is done.
             | 
             | Reference: https://qnovo.com/82-the-cost-components-of-a-
             | battery/
        
               | thescriptkiddie wrote:
               | The only component of the battery which contains Lithium
               | is the cathode, which according to the article you linked
               | is a little less than 1/3 of the material cost, or around
               | 20% of the total cost. The battery chemistry which
               | contains the most Lithium is Lithium Cobalt Oxide, which
               | by weight is approximately 7% Lithium and 60% Cobalt.
               | Even though Lithium is vastly more expensive than Cobalt,
               | Cobalt still accounts for the majority of the cathode
               | material cost. So it seems like Lithium accounts for at
               | most 10% of the cost of the battery.
        
           | pg_bot wrote:
           | I think you are underestimating the ingenuity of humans.
           | Shortages can lead to new, more efficient ways of doing
           | things. High prices are going to encourage more lithium
           | production, or research into perfect substitutes. It's highly
           | unlikely that in a decade battery prices will be higher than
           | they are today.
        
         | xxpor wrote:
         | Yes, that's a great point. Even if you ignore the usual idle
         | time between the morning and afternoon runs, I have to imagine
         | a range of 150-200 miles would cover ~95% of use cases. The bus
         | problem therefore should be much easier than the long haul
         | truck problem. Plus, there's no trailer so you could run the
         | battery pack the entire length of the bus.
        
       | GrumpyNl wrote:
       | A better alternative is the trolley bus, no batteries needed.
       | https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-wales-51034523
        
         | jabroni_salad wrote:
         | that's excellent for city busses that run all day with good
         | frequency, but I would not say so for school busses, whose
         | reason to exist is to collect students that live far away from
         | the school for one specific commute only. Should the
         | municipality really build out overhead powerlines for 20 miles
         | of cornfields just for one passenger needing only 2 trips per
         | day, possibly less if that student has after-school activities?
        
       | ElevenLathe wrote:
       | These services are already outsourced in many school districts,
       | with the district doing nothing more than contracting out for
       | certain service levels and writing a check. Presumably if it
       | pencils out, those contractors will switch to electric without
       | even needing to consult the board of education.
        
         | anonymouse008 wrote:
         | Do you mind pointing to a few companies who offer said contract
         | services? Is it mostly a metropolitan thing?
        
           | kasey_junk wrote:
           | Chicago Public Schools has dozens of bus contractors. Here is
           | one that is relatively big: https://www.unitedquick.com/
           | 
           | You can find bus contracts given to the owners of single
           | busses though those firms do t have large web presences.
        
       | chillingeffect wrote:
       | Nice thing about this application is the predictability of the
       | routes. And compared to city buses the ratio of time driving per
       | regen is larger. I assume drain and recharge puts wear on the
       | batteries?
        
       | tpmx wrote:
       | _Shorter routes and longer idle periods mean that school buses
       | can be charged at lower intensities over longer periods of time
       | than commercial vehicles that have to charge quickly to get back
       | on the road_
       | 
       | Most relevant sentence in this article.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | sanp wrote:
       | I still don't get that TCO for EV is higher than Diesel.
       | 
       | On the consumer side, let's look at Tesla Model Y vs. Lexus RX
       | 350. I am using "premium" makes on both sides of this equations.
       | If we want to go with a cheaper ICE then it should be compared
       | with a cheaper EV. Idea being, there is a reasonable comparison
       | where EV comes out ahead on TCO.
       | 
       | Cost / mile: $0.04 vs. $0.10 Difference in purchase cost: $55K
       | (base model Lexus) vs $59K (base model). Include $7500 Fed Credit
       | this comes to ~$56K (assuming a 35% marginal tax rate) Average
       | miles per year: 12K. So fuel savings of ~$720 Even assuming a
       | very generous cost of capital even TCO over 2 years beats ICE.
       | That's before maintenance costs (which seem to be lower for EV).
        
         | xxpor wrote:
         | A tesla won't get the tax credit any more (they've sold too
         | many cars). Unless that's changed with one of the covid
         | packages.
        
           | meragrin_ wrote:
           | Doubt it. Whenever EVs have been mentioned, it has been
           | specifically about union shops. Tesla does not have a union
           | so they are evil.
        
         | aaronax wrote:
         | I guess you have shown that in the luxury segment the TCO comes
         | out better for EVs. Many people are not buying $50k+ luxury
         | vehicles. Care to run an estimate for something like what I was
         | buying a year ago? I was in the market for a loaded 5 year old
         | vehicle with 60-80k miles for $10-13k (Dodge Dart for example,
         | also liked a few Ford Fusion options). There were options like
         | this available, though I happened to stumble upon the
         | apocryphal 13 year old 175k miles $1,000 Honda and went with
         | that.
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | When I leased our Bolt, the retail price was $23K. Costs me
           | 1.7 cents a mile in fueling costs. It is a good bit nicer
           | than an 80K Dodge Dart, of course, but it's a data point. I
           | also have time-of-use rates, which helps.
           | 
           | Anyway. Assuming 27 mpg for the Dart (this is what Fuelly
           | says average Dart owners experience) and $4.67 gasoline (the
           | US average from a few days ago), should cost around 17 cents
           | a mile in gasoline. Assuming an average of 14.8 cents per kWh
           | (the US average from February) and 3 miles per kWh (somewhat
           | conservative, but close enough) for the Bolt, you'd be
           | looking at 5 cents per mile in electricity.
           | 
           | Not a perfect comparison, the Bolt would be brand new with a
           | warranty, etc, but at least it's not a luxury EV comparison,
           | just an appliance car like a Dart. You'd break even on costs
           | at 76K miles.
           | 
           | Of course, at that point the Bolt has just reached the
           | mileage the Dart started at, and so it will quickly pull
           | ahead in TCO. If you do a lot of road trips you might not
           | like it, but if you primarily drive in the city you will
           | really like not having to stop once a week to get gas.
        
         | clomond wrote:
         | TCOs for individual consumers will be vastly different
         | depending on the parameters of the situation, with particular
         | impact driven by volume of miles driven annually.
         | 
         | Due to this, commercial fleets in my view have a much clearer
         | picture here than personal vehicle decisions. This is also
         | particularly driven by personal vehicle purchases being driven
         | less by "TCO" in a strict sense but rather "what is my monthly
         | payment".
        
         | gregshap wrote:
         | Tax credits are dollar for dollar reduction in taxes owed.
         | There's no reason to apply a marginal tax rate.
        
         | nickysielicki wrote:
         | In what world is the maintenance cost for a fleet of EV busses
         | going to be less than that of a diesel? There are two orders of
         | magnitude more diesel mechanics than people qualified to work
         | on EV drivetrains.
        
           | ajford wrote:
           | There's far less going on in a normal EV drivetrain, which
           | kinda supports the lower maintenance cost.
           | 
           | Fewer fluids required, just your differential and some
           | coolant for the motors really.
           | 
           | Given the specialization of parts, it's far more likely that
           | any performed maintenance is going to be more of a swap for
           | known-good parts and sending them off to the home-office for
           | reconditioning.
        
           | slfnflctd wrote:
           | I think the argument is that EVs will require vastly less
           | maintenance, which makes sense on paper. I'm not sure how
           | well that will bear out in the near to mid term, though, as
           | these are new designs which haven't been put through the
           | paces yet.
           | 
           | It's a pretty big transportation sector we're talking about
           | (half a million of these buses in the US), so it will not be
           | a fast transition and early adopters will be paying higher
           | costs than later ones to iron out the kinks. Most districts
           | are probably waiting for someone else to try it out first.
        
         | akira2501 wrote:
         | How many Diesel repair shops are there vs. heavy duty EV
         | vehicle repair shops?
        
           | Symbiote wrote:
           | Plenty, according to the presentation linked elsewhere in
           | this discussion.
           | 
           | Cummins (the major manufacturer of engines, generators etc)
           | will service the high voltage parts of the bus.
        
         | itsoktocry wrote:
         | > _I am using "premium" makes on both sides of this equations_
         | 
         | I guess, but a "premium" Model Y doesn't have any features that
         | a far lesser ICE doesn't have, with inferior build quality.
         | That's kind of the point. A premium Honda, VW or Toyota SUV are
         | better comparisons, and substantially cheaper. Of course, that
         | makes the TCO much more competitive...
        
       | fasteddie31003 wrote:
       | I believe batteries and electric motors can replace almost all
       | applications of gas engines. However, diesel engines still are a
       | step too far now IMO. Most people have never operated a diesel
       | engine. Their efficiency is very impressive. My 7,000 lbs truck
       | with a Cummins diesel engine gets better MPGs than my partner's
       | 4,000 lbs Mini Cooper Countryman.
        
         | bsder wrote:
         | Except that a school bus tends to operate a diesel in its worst
         | conditions.
         | 
         | Lots of idling. Lots of low RPM operation. Lots of stop and
         | start wasting a lot of energy into the brakes.
         | 
         | A school bus is practically engineered to be an EV propaganda
         | piece.
        
           | jtlienwis wrote:
           | How much will they weigh compared to a Diesel bus? Road
           | damage is to the fourth power of axle weight. Any cost
           | savings may be just shifted to the road department for fixing
           | pot holes. I think the VW EV is almost twice the weight of a
           | same size ICE car. 16x the road damage. Plus, how much damage
           | when this EV bus slides on the ice and hits something? Twice
           | the damage if twice the weight.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | School bus weight is generally seen as a good thing,
             | because we care more about keeping kids safe than road
             | damage or damage to other vehicles.
        
             | gbear605 wrote:
             | The battery doesn't necessarily need to be that large,
             | since the range can be small (<25 miles for most school
             | districts assuming that they can charge during the day).
             | Probably a school bus could get away with an battery the
             | same size as one in a Tesla, so the weight of the rest of
             | the bus probably dominates. Probably the weight of the
             | students alone is a lot more when fully loaded.
        
             | bsder wrote:
             | It seems that these are the same weight. That's probably
             | not a coincidence.
             | 
             | This lists the GVWR for the diesels at up to 36,200 lbs.
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Bird_All_American
             | 
             | This lists the GVWR for electrics at the same: https://asse
             | ts.ctfassets.net/ucu418cgcnau/362sQcGinJzFxVqFh0...
             | 
             | Electrics also tend to benefit from better traction in
             | crummy conditions because the batteries create a fixed,
             | lower center of gravity.
             | 
             | Do note that the drive system for these EV buses is
             | apparently built by Cummins. For Cummins to put the effort
             | in, they see a reason.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | Right. Plus it travels a known number of miles per day, and
           | recharges at the same place each day.
           | 
           | (Although, field trips?)
        
         | danans wrote:
         | > Most people have never operated a diesel engine. Their
         | efficiency is very impressive.
         | 
         | All else equal (vehicle class, size, performance, driving
         | style), the operating cost per mile of an EV is 1/4 to 1/2 the
         | operating cost per mile of a diesel or gasoline vehicle, even
         | in states with very expensive electricity like California or
         | Hawaii.
        
           | ilikeatari wrote:
           | Is there a specific data set you are referencing? How about
           | other components like Ownership and Support?
        
             | danans wrote:
             | I've just done the math on my car operating costs. At
             | today's gas prices (admittedly high due to the Ukraine
             | war), the price of electricity in CA would have to more
             | than triple for me to pay the same as I would for gas.
             | Before the recent gas price spike it was like 2.25X to use
             | gas.
             | 
             | > How about other components like Ownership and Support?
             | 
             | Do you mean depreciation and maintenance? Depreciation on
             | recent EVs has been just like other types of vehicles in
             | their respective classes. Granted, these are relatively new
             | cars - there isn't much longitudinal data on EV
             | maintenance, but every indication is that it should be less
             | than ICE vehicles.
             | 
             | And can you put a price on the great driving experience of
             | an EV (flat power curve, low center of gravity, silent, no
             | combustion smell)? Probably, but I haven't tried.
        
               | stonogo wrote:
               | My results are similar to yours. I don't know if you can
               | put a price on silent, non-oil-based, clean-running
               | driving experiences, but it does come with the charge-
               | time pain point. I look forward to the five-minute refuel
               | I left behind to get the other benefits of an EV...
        
               | danans wrote:
               | > but it does come with the charge-time pain point. I
               | look forward to the five-minute refuel I left behind to
               | get the other benefits of an EV...
               | 
               | Since I charge at home, this is only a pain point on road
               | trips (though diminishing with the growing number of high
               | power chargers along highways). However, I understand how
               | it's a pain for apartment dwellers who don't have their
               | own charging stations.
               | 
               | So we need better street-side public charging
               | infrastructure for them - but also for single-family-home
               | dwellers with a second car that doesn't fit in the
               | driveway. Living in a single-family-home shouldn't be a
               | precondition for driving an EV.
        
         | Gracana wrote:
         | What is your truck? RAM 3500s with Cummins diesels come in
         | 7000lb configurations, but we're talking ~15mpg, nowhere close
         | to a countryman.
        
           | fasteddie31003 wrote:
           | My 03 Ram 2500 gets 24 MPG
        
             | Gracana wrote:
             | That's incredible.
             | https://www.fuelly.com/car/dodge/ram_2500/2003
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | Maybe they call him fasteddie because he drives so slow.
        
       | ilikeatari wrote:
       | Personally I am very exited about it but we lack data that does
       | allow us to do proper TCO comparison of ICE vs EV on the heavy
       | duty side. Also how does V2G economics actually work if you are
       | trying to optimize for the lowest charging rate (usually during
       | night to avoid peak)? If you are in V2G mode after 6 pm i assume
       | you would need to start charging at night during cheapest rates
       | and assure that the bus is charged by 5 am. Wouldn't this require
       | 1 to 1 charger to bus ratio as you might not have enough time to
       | swap? Wouldn't then infrastructure costs(chargers that are build
       | and concrete around it) skyrocket?
        
         | sokoloff wrote:
         | Any overnight charging solution almost surely needs a 1-to-1
         | ratio anyway, because you're probably not going to pay an
         | expensive and unreliable human to plug and unplug buses
         | overnight every night when a charger will last 10+ years.
         | You're already paying the bus driver to park the bus and to
         | drive it away in the morning. Add a minute of bus driver labor
         | to plug it in and a minute to unplug it in the morning.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _we lack data that does allow us to do proper TCO comparison
         | of ICE vs EV on the heavy duty side_
         | 
         | These districts have transferred that risk to the provider.
         | Which seems reasonable.
        
           | ilikeatari wrote:
           | Yes, makes sense from the districts perspective, but I meant
           | from sustainability of the business model perspective.
        
       | bell-cot wrote:
       | Hmm...buses that (per the article) cost 2x or 3x what diesel ones
       | would. From a company that's raising a whole lotta $$$ from VC's.
       | And (plausibly) school districts will get rid of their old diesel
       | bus fleets when they switch over...
       | 
       | Is anyone else suspecting an "of course we'll loose money like
       | crazy, until we hit 'em with the massive price increase" business
       | model?
       | 
       | EDIT: Wow, huge response. 3 points to add:
       | 
       | - Yes, kids not breathing fumes is better...but that doesn't
       | change the company's nor the school district's finances.
       | 
       | - No, I have no good data on whether the "vastly lower TCO will
       | cover the higher up front cost..." theory is 100% correct, or
       | utter BS.
       | 
       | - My one not-too-close data point: A friend worked for a
       | metropolitan bus system ~2011. She said they were getting rid of
       | their "~1.4 up-front cost" diesel-electric hybrid buses - because
       | the _real_ TCO was considerably worse than the older, straight-
       | diesel buses.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ihsw wrote:
        
         | scythe wrote:
         | Frankly, if they rip off school districts in order to keep kids
         | from inhaling nitrogen dioxide, that's still a better business
         | model than most of the ones I've heard.
        
           | mirntyfirty wrote:
           | I think that depends on the extent to which they rip them
           | off.
        
             | scythe wrote:
             | I guess you're probably right. But it seems like we're
             | looking at a small factor (2-3) applied to the usual price
             | of a school bus. Of course, there are also reasons it might
             | not be a ripoff, as others brought up (lower ops costs,
             | economy of scale). I just felt like highlighting the
             | problems with prioritizing price over all else around the
             | health of primary schoolchildren.
        
         | jandrese wrote:
         | The upfront price difference should be offset in the long term
         | by buying cheap electricity instead of expensive diesel.
        
         | vardump wrote:
         | > Hmm...buses that (per the article) cost 2x or 3x what diesel
         | ones would.
         | 
         | What about when you consider total life cycle costs? Diesel
         | fuel costs often many times of cost of the vehicle over its
         | lifespan.
         | 
         | Fuel costs will likely increase quite a bit in the future.
        
         | coryrc wrote:
         | > She said they were getting rid of their "~1.4 up-front cost"
         | diesel-electric hybrid buses - because the real TCO was
         | considerably worse
         | 
         | In my city, the original hybrids used Toyota Prius batteries
         | and deep cycled them, which they weren't designed for, killing
         | them and requiring regular replacements. That couldn't have
         | been good for the budget.
        
         | pengaru wrote:
         | The "subscribed" buses will be privately owned and operated,
         | they'll be increasingly filled with advertising and other
         | predatory bullshit for exploiting the passengers.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >they'll be increasingly filled with advertising and other
           | predatory bullshit for exploiting the passengers
           | 
           | What's this based on ? AFAIK many school districts already
           | contract out their school bus service. Are we seeing that in
           | those cases?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | AlgorithmicTime wrote:
           | Literally all the school buses in my area are operated by
           | private companies which contract with the local public school
           | districts. None of them are full of advertising.
        
           | elliekelly wrote:
           | "You're only two bus rides away from your next Robux reward!"
        
           | krasin wrote:
           | Don't forget a snack machine with sweets right inside the
           | bus.
        
             | tentacleuno wrote:
             | Or... A cold drinks machine, with all the bus windows
             | locked shut. I'm sure I remember something about McDonalds
             | putting _more_ salt in the chips [ / food] so people buy a
             | drink.
        
           | Nasrudith wrote:
           | So like city buses?
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | Not really, no. City busses recognize revenue from
             | advertising and use it to subsidize fares. Being a public
             | service, the public benefits. On the other hand, private
             | bus fleets with private advertisements on loan to school
             | districts will recognize that advertising revenue as
             | profit, benefiting shareholders. Not everything needs a
             | profit motive.
        
               | roughly wrote:
               | I don't know what the split is elsewhere, but it's worth
               | noting that for BART in the Bay Area, at least, makes
               | something like $10m/yr, compared to nearly $500m/yr in
               | actual fares - so, in exchange for approximately 2% of
               | annual revenues, we get BART trains and stations covered
               | in ads.
               | 
               | Edit: Thought to look this up for SFMTA - 2020 proposed
               | budget (projections as of 2019, chosen because it's the
               | last "normal" year) - total revenue $1.2Bn, "Advertising,
               | interest, and service fees" $54m.
        
           | woodruffw wrote:
           | I think that's pretty unlikely, at least with schoolbuses.
           | The US has laws around child privacy and advertising that
           | companies easily flaunt online, but are much more difficult
           | to flaunt when your product is a physical bus.
           | 
           | OTOH, I would not be surprised to see these buses rusting in
           | a storage lot within a decade because these firms have closed
           | up shop and some random server somewhere is no longer
           | responding to requests. I hope (but am not hopeful) that
           | municipal and state governments take measures during
           | procurement to ensure that they aren't being turned into
           | captive customers.
        
             | roywiggins wrote:
             | In the '90s the dairy industry managed to get "got milk"
             | posters into approximately every US elementary school.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | Was that through private businesses, or through the
               | government?
        
               | gbear605 wrote:
               | In my school district, the milk producer just gave a
               | slight discount on the milk they sold to the school. They
               | were still making a profit, just slightly less per unit
               | (and presumably more overall since sales went up).
        
               | treeman79 wrote:
               | Milk was my one true vice. Swear the stuff is more
               | addictive them anything. Yes I'm boring.
               | 
               | Spent many years thinking it was healthy. Much regret.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | I always found it sort of disgusting, but as an adult
               | discovered that 1 tablespoon of Valhrona powdered cocoa,
               | 1 tablespoon of Equal Exchange baking cocoa and 2
               | tablespoons of sugar in 1.75 cups of grass-fed organic
               | whole milk deals with the bad part.
        
             | AdamN wrote:
             | Captivate screens behind each seat with 'educational'
             | content and pre-roll/banner ads. "We're giving kids extra
             | education through new technology and they also learn about
             | the value of chocolate sugar milk at the same time!"
        
             | Johnny555 wrote:
             | The average lifetime of a schoolbus is 10 - 12 years, so if
             | they do manage to keep this service going for a decade,
             | that's pretty good -- in 10 years the schol district would
             | have been ready to refresh their fleet anyway, and
             | hopefully the reason this business can't survive long-term
             | is that electric buses become cheaper and ubiquitous.
        
               | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
               | Part of the reason for the 10-12 year lifespan is that
               | ICE motors are really complicated and at a certain point,
               | it's cheaper to throw out the bus than pay for motor
               | repairs. EV motors last a lot longer and are a lot easier
               | to maintain.
        
               | Amezarak wrote:
               | The electric motor might last, all the electronics,
               | probably not.
        
               | akomtu wrote:
               | Are batteries going to last this long? And batteries are
               | usually 50% of the vehicle price.
        
               | pengaru wrote:
               | They should really be leasing the batteries and buying
               | buses having easily swapped batteries conforming to a
               | standard a competitive power systems market can cater to.
        
         | sockaddr wrote:
         | While not ideal, the alternative is kids continuing to sit in
         | buses that idle for long periods of time slowly leaking diesel
         | exhaust into the cabin area (at least that was the case with
         | the Bluebird models I rode as a kid), that can't be good.
        
           | bnt wrote:
           | Yea, here the batteries catch fire and a bunch of kids burn
           | to death. Grim, but possible.
        
             | kube-system wrote:
             | Fire risk is a major reason why we already put as many as 8
             | or more emergency exits on full size school busses.
        
               | olivermarks wrote:
               | https://youtu.be/J6eS6JzBn0k Lithium-Ion Battery Fires in
               | Electric Vehicles - Safety Risks to Emergency
               | RespondersNTSBGov
               | 
               | Thermal runaway, stranded energy and battery reignition
               | should preclude EV usage to transport children until
               | adequate safety measures are put in place. EV car fires
               | are intense, high voltage and severe. A bus full of
               | children fire doesn't bear thinking about.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | Ever been near a car fire? They burn pretty well and
               | you'll feel it from the other side of a multilane road.
               | I've also seen buses burn. Is there a reason to think
               | that more kids are going to burn in electric busses than
               | ICE ones?
        
               | olivermarks wrote:
               | Ever been near an EV fire?
               | 
               | They burn with the equivalent of a 220v welder across the
               | whole battery skateboard, will literally melt aluminum
               | wheels and body parts and require 20 tons of water to
               | temporarily extinguish. There's a huge difference between
               | an ICE vehicle fire, which is essentially rubber,
               | upholstery and plastics burning sometime compounded by
               | gasoline vapor and an EV thermal runaway trapped energy
               | event. I think all EVs should be required to have manual
               | escape locks etc at a minimum.
               | https://youtu.be/J6eS6JzBn0k
        
             | thehappypm wrote:
             | Right, because diesel buses are totally not flammable at
             | all.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | I bought a number of plastic "jerry cans" that all had
               | stickers on them saying you shouldn't use gasoline or
               | diesel to start fires.
               | 
               | Oddly the reason why is different for the two fluids.
               | Gasoline can catch fire quickly and form a fireball,
               | whereas diesel is hard to ignite and won't help start a
               | fire.
               | 
               | This movie
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_5th_Wave_(film)
               | 
               | has a scene where the kids set a school bus on fire with
               | the fuel which isn't realistic.
        
               | sokoloff wrote:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7nL10C7FSbE compares the
               | flammability of several types of fuels.
               | 
               | 2m08s for Jet-A. 3m50s for #2 diesel. 6m03s for heating
               | oil. 7m30s for kerosene (all those are basically the same
               | and surprising to most how not flammable they are in
               | liquid form). 10m15s for avgas. 11m30s for auto gas.
        
               | lstodd wrote:
               | That's some bullshit video.
               | 
               | All you need is some tissue and a gas soldering iron or
               | equivalent lighter. Lights up in under one second.
        
             | Johnny555 wrote:
             | Not likely, not without being in a serious accident.
             | Despite the Chevy Bolt's highly publicized battery fires
             | (which did not kill anyone), EV batteries don't usually
             | burst into flames unprovoked. The battery will be well
             | protected in a school bus frame.
        
             | pavon wrote:
             | ICE vehicles have orders of magnitude higher fire risk than
             | EV. https://www.kbb.com/car-news/study-electric-vehicles-
             | involve...
        
           | loudmax wrote:
           | I think it's important to keep the electrification and
           | subscription aspects distinct.
           | 
           | Electrification of bus fleets is an absolute good. Electric
           | buses may cost more in the short run, but for the sake of
           | children's health, not to mention the world they live in,
           | school districts should be dumping diesel in favor of
           | electric as soon as they can afford to do so. As taxpayers we
           | should be ready to foot the bill.
           | 
           | There are real concerns with privatization of school bus
           | fleets though. Safety obviously, but also advertising and
           | marketing to children as other posters have pointed out. If a
           | company offered school districts a subscription model with
           | diesel buses we'd be rightfully suspicious of where this
           | could lead. We should maintain these suspicions even as we
           | encourage phasing out diesel fleets in favor of electric.
        
             | GauntletWizard wrote:
             | School bus fleets are already significantly privatized[1].
             | Not making judgement calls there, just pointing out that
             | ship has sailed.
             | 
             | [1]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Student_(United_Stat
             | es)
        
         | michael1999 wrote:
         | It is a different calculation for the school board. For them,
         | the costs of retraining staff, retooling a shop, increasing
         | parts inventory are all big costs. Plus the risk of buying a
         | bunch of lemons.
         | 
         | Leasing them with performance guarantees moves not just the
         | costs, but also the _risks_ to a specialist better suited to
         | carrying them.
         | 
         | I don't know if this firm is legit, but the deal could make
         | sense.
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | This is a fairly standard reframing when your product has lower
         | TCO but higher upfront costs.
         | 
         | If people just look at the upfront cost, they have that 2x or
         | 3x gut reaction and just switch off.
         | 
         | Some nerdier types might draw up a spreadsheet and know exactly
         | how many months they'd expect to break even and start saving.
         | 
         | People familiar with spreadsheets probably also don't have that
         | much trouble getting loans and paying them back on time, and
         | doing even more sums to see if that makes financial sense.
         | 
         | But your average school bus buyer perhaps needs someone else to
         | do all that for them, hedge the risk and present it to them as
         | an immediate saving on their monthly spend.
         | 
         | People have sold rooftop solar this way, or replaced kerosene
         | lamps in Africa with solar and batteries, and EVs Vs monthly
         | Car payment plus fuel.
        
           | AnonCoward4 wrote:
           | I want to see that spreadsheet.
        
           | roughly wrote:
           | It's not just the cost over time, it's the availability of
           | capital in large clumps - also known as "the cost of being
           | poor:" It may be 5x cheaper in the long run to pay 3x the
           | cost today, but if you don't have 3x the cost today, well,
           | good luck.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | Capex <=> Opex swaps are pretty common, and it's not just a
             | matter of poverty. (It's why airlines lease their planes.)
             | Swap "subscribe" with "lease" and this article becomes less
             | interesting.
        
               | roughly wrote:
               | > Swap "subscribe" with "lease" and this article becomes
               | less interesting
               | 
               | To VCs, too
        
               | anonymouse008 wrote:
               | Yeah, and school's budgets are cash tight, with
               | comparatively little ability to fundraise, so any large
               | cash transaction will be DOA.
               | 
               | The swap should take place, and I'm now wondering why
               | this hasn't occurred.
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | Schools often issue bonds to cover large purchases. Plus,
               | sometimes states/fed will toss them grants.
        
           | itsoktocry wrote:
           | > _This is a fairly standard reframing when your product has
           | lower TCO but higher upfront costs._
           | 
           | I'd say it's the opposite a lot of times. EVs are one such
           | product. People will say, "sure I'm paying 20k more for the
           | car, but I'll make it up in fuel savings and zero
           | maintenance!" without ever calculating how much fuel and
           | maintenance you'd _actually_ have to use to break even. Then,
           | of course, there is the regulatory and temporal risk that
           | energy costs _today_ aren 't what they might be down the
           | road, and that there are some high-ticket items an EV can
           | have fail itself.
           | 
           | It's hardly ever a no-brainer, because the invisible hand
           | tends to make it so.
           | 
           | > _People have sold rooftop solar this way_
           | 
           | So many companies have gone bust because of this.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | cpwright wrote:
           | I'm not sure why you would assume that the average school bus
           | buyer can't do a spreadsheet. Our local suburban NY school
           | district is fairly run-of-the mill, and has a budget of $84
           | million with several million dollars of that being for
           | transportation. We have our own busses and drivers, and they
           | spend about a quarter million dollars a year on diesel fuel.
           | 
           | The Superintendent for business affairs that has an MBA from
           | Columbia and earns $231,000, and should clearly be able to
           | handle a spreadsheet and then making the yearly powerpoint
           | presentations.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | mywittyname wrote:
             | As much flak as people give "the government" for poor
             | spending, there's actually a huge amount of auditing and
             | checks in place for purchases by officials.
             | 
             | There's no way a decision like this gets made without a
             | several "independent assessments" happening as a CYA move.
        
             | splitstud wrote:
        
         | bend-or-end wrote:
         | >That starts with phasing the purchase and deployment of
         | electric school buses -- which still cost two to three times
         | more than their diesel counterparts -- to take advantage of
         | expected declines in cost over the coming years, McIntyre said.
         | 
         | Sounds like the model is to be the first mover and being
         | entrenched by the time it's profitable without a price hike
        
         | joe_the_user wrote:
         | A fair portion of school districts already contract their buses
         | to First Student and similar bus companies. And if this company
         | were to raise it's rates drastically, the districts could
         | switch to First Student.
        
       | aurizon wrote:
       | A niche opened up, buy ebusses, lock school boards into 10-20
       | year contracts to save 10-20% on fuels costs and have zero
       | capital/maintenance costs. The bus company lives on the ~~60-70%
       | fuels cost saving and finances the bus fleet. Typical contract to
       | see to various users with short terms viewpoints. I would like to
       | see what the board savings are in a sample of a lease - most will
       | be under NDA's I expect?
        
         | rootusrootus wrote:
         | > most will be under NDA's I expect?
         | 
         | What are the odds that school districts are even legally
         | allowed to sign such an NDA?
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | Niche is already exploited. School boards have already been
         | contracting out busing. Diesel/CNG contractors will just retool
         | and charge more for green tax to school boards that want to
         | pay.
        
       | colincooke wrote:
       | Due to the usage patterns of the bus fleet I wonder if they could
       | be used for some vehicle to grid [1] power bank on
       | weekends/during weekday downtime? It might shorten the lifetime
       | of the batteries themselves but would be a nice additional
       | revenue stream.
       | 
       | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vehicle-to-grid
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | I ride on an electric bus a few times a week..
       | 
       | https://tcatbus.com/its-electric-on-the-ithaca-commons/
        
       | olivermarks wrote:
       | 'Out of the roughly 500,000 school buses in the U.S., only about
       | 0.2 percent -- just over 1,000 -- were electric as of the end of
       | 2021'
       | 
       | I can see EV buses being practical for future urban short
       | distance pickup and drop off, but the longer haul rural routes,
       | especially in cold climates, seem a long way off to the EV
       | obsessed as a solution to anything. Huge subsidies and grants may
       | seduce a few school boards but the reality is diesel loads
       | replaced by EV are no where near ready for prime time.
       | 
       | What could immediately help the local pollution aspects of EV
       | heavy vehicles is some sort of tire particulate collection device
       | to stop spread. Tire pollution is a huge problem that is probably
       | more important than where energy is obtained from near or far
       | https://www.greencarcongress.com/2020/03/20200308-emissionsa...
        
         | rconti wrote:
         | So what you're saying is, there's a huge market opportunity
         | between "0.2%" and "everything other than longer haul routes in
         | cold climates"?
        
         | rootusrootus wrote:
         | Average total route length is 75 miles per day. A Blue Bird
         | electric bus, as a comparison point, has a range of 120 miles.
         | So not all routes will be feasible with that bus, but a large
         | number will be a perfect fit.
        
       | tigeba wrote:
       | Just as an interesting note, our school district has switched the
       | entire fleet (around 150) to CNG. This has supposedly reduced
       | opex substantially over diesel. Also a huge reduction in
       | particulates. Probably not as clean as EV but an improvement .
       | Our district owns all their vehicles, but I believe this is not
       | common.
        
       | caseysoftware wrote:
       | Busses as a Service from a venture-backed company in a
       | ridiculously volatile market..
       | 
       | What happens if/when they run out of funding?
       | 
       | Having a business productivity app go out of business with an
       | "amazing journey" post is irritating but there are 50 other apps
       | that will take their place. Introducing "as a service" here where
       | there are serious legal and even civil rights issues in play is
       | radically different.
        
         | bobthepanda wrote:
         | I mean, this is how aircraft and trains (and yes, even buses)
         | get leased these days, particularly in the EU.
         | 
         | Vehicle depreciation is a massive headache.
        
       | mostly_harmless wrote:
       | For those questioning the feasibility, 100% electric school buses
       | are already on the road in Montreal. I see them frequently, and
       | they seem to handle our crappy roads and winters fine.
        
         | wolverine876 wrote:
         | Why would electric buses have more problems on winter roads
         | than ICE buses?
        
           | krallja wrote:
           | It's cold in the winter.
        
           | ajford wrote:
           | Cold air impacting heath & capacity on the Li batteries,
           | perhaps? Lithium batts tend to be finicky about their
           | temperatures. Even my PHEV chevy volt de-rates the capacity
           | if the ambient air temps hit less than 36*F.
        
       | MengerSponge wrote:
       | The secondary costs of running a diesel fleet are also huge!
       | Diesel motors generate a substantial amount of fine particulate
       | that is unhealthy for anybody, and particularly unhealthy for
       | children.
       | 
       | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC121970/
       | 
       | Even if an electric fleet is the same cost, changing over would
       | save _tons_ of money and alleviate _tons_ of suffering. It 's the
       | right thing to do for any ethical reason you can consider.
       | 
       | Unless, I suppose, you're intent on making the poor suffer.
       | Diesel buses are very cost-effective at accomplishing that.
        
         | fiftyfifty wrote:
         | Even in terms of primary cost, diesel buses are expensive to
         | maintain. My FIL was a mechanic for the local school district
         | for 15 years, so I got a little insight into that aspect of the
         | district. Our medium sized school district, 4 big high schools
         | and all the feeder schools for them, employs around 6 full time
         | mechanics plus their manager with all the equipment and the
         | facility to work on the buses year round plus parts etc. It's
         | not difficult to imagine that cost alone adds at least $1
         | million to our district's budget annually. In addition they
         | have to have some percentage of extra buses because they are
         | constantly rotating buses out for maintenance. They also have
         | to have at least one extra bus and driver on standby every day
         | because diesel buses breakdown regularly during a route and
         | they have to go out with a second bus and pick up the kids and
         | finish the route.
         | 
         | So if a district can outsource part of that maintenance cost,
         | and electric buses prove to be lower maintenance and more
         | reliable that their diesel counterparts, there are significant
         | savings to be had for the school districts.
        
         | mtgx wrote:
         | > Diesel motors generate a substantial amount of fine
         | particulate that is unhealthy for anybody, and particularly
         | unhealthy for children.
         | 
         | This is one of the biggest issues with US' private healthcare
         | system.
         | 
         | The U.S. government just doesn't feel that direct "cost" in the
         | same way countries that have to pay to fix the health of their
         | citizens do. This is why you see a lot of other countries put
         | higher taxes on sugar, gasoline, diesel, etc. Because they see
         | a direct correlation between the consumption of those things
         | and them having to invest more in their national healthcare
         | system out of their tax money.
         | 
         | Meanwhile, in the US, since it's the citizens that pay out of
         | pocket, that money still goes into the economy, so it's kind of
         | all the same to the government whether or not they get sick or
         | not. They may notice some correlation in the long-term, but the
         | negative effects of these things are not nearly as urgent to
         | the government.
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | Do school districts still use diesel? CNG seems pretty popular
         | these days.
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | (Disclaimer: have driven pure electric for going on 7.5 years)
         | 
         | It may be more complex: electricity generation is very dirty in
         | some regions, such as where coal is burned.
         | 
         | Is it more dirty than diesel emissions? I have no idea, but old
         | diesels were nasty.
        
           | wolverine876 wrote:
           | We can make power plants cleaner, and generally we do (but
           | not nearly fast enough).
        
           | sp332 wrote:
           | It's much cleaner, even after accounting for losses in
           | electricity transport and storage. Power plants are just much
           | more efficient than mobile internal combustion engines.
        
             | mywittyname wrote:
             | Let's not forget the diesel emissions cheating scandal.
             | Diesel engines are so amazingly difficult deal with from an
             | emissions perspective that it's basically impossible to
             | build one with an emissions system that doesn't require
             | constant maintenance (filters, additives).
             | 
             | Diesel emissions requirements for commercial vehicles are
             | much more lenient for this reason.
        
           | shiftpgdn wrote:
           | Yes because the coal burning is done at a central location
           | with fairly advanced technology to capture dirty
           | hydrocarbons. The tailpipe is spreading soot all over.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | MengerSponge wrote:
           | No, it is not more dirty than diesel emissions. Coal plants
           | are stationary, so they can install _huge_ scrubbing
           | apparatus. Diesels have to drag whatever cleanup mechanism
           | they have installed with them, which is inherently limiting.
           | 
           | Also, those coal plants aren't parked outside primary schools
           | idling, and schoolkids aren't spending hours sitting around
           | their smokestacks.
           | 
           | Don't get me wrong: Coal is dirty as sin and radioactive as
           | hell. Coal delenda est.
        
           | kemiller wrote:
           | Engineering Explained did the math:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6RhtiPefVzM
           | 
           | Spoiler: Well-to-wheels, BEV cars are better than the best
           | gas cars (top end prius) even if the source electricity is
           | 100% coal.
           | 
           | The best is still not driving, but it's a step in the right
           | direction.
        
             | mcv wrote:
             | Not driving would mean smaller schools closer to home, and
             | infrastructure that allows kids to ride their bike to
             | school. It's completely doable, but it does require people
             | to care about more than just cars.
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | It would significantly expand taxes, and that nearly
               | always faces stiff opposition with voters. Especially
               | when it is an open-ended increase.
        
               | thethethethe wrote:
               | > It would significantly expand taxes
               | 
               | How exactly? Do you have any examples? Also, have you
               | ever seen the price of car infrastructure? I would be
               | willing to bet that denser walkable urban infrastructure
               | projects are waaaaay cheaper than building and
               | maintaining sprawling road, sewage, and power
               | transmission networks. Sprawl is seriously draining the
               | finances of many small cities and towns in the US.
               | There's a whole book about it:
               | https://www.google.com/search?q=strong+towns
               | 
               | You could also just watch this smug video
               | https://youtu.be/7IsMeKl-Sv0
        
             | fiftyfifty wrote:
             | There's also the fact that coal power plants tend to be
             | pretty far from heavily populated areas. Even if the US
             | power grid were 100% coal (which it is not) this would
             | still be a win as far as cleaner air goes for a significant
             | portion of the population. There's a big difference between
             | a coal burning power plant's emissions 50 miles away and a
             | school bus idling right outside your house in terms of air
             | quality. That's not even counting the air scrubbers and
             | particulate capturing systems many coal power plants are
             | required to have. The bottom line is the exhaust coming out
             | of a coal burning power plant is much cleaner than even a
             | brand new diesel school bus, let alone all the older buses
             | still in service.
        
           | Ourgon wrote:
           | > Is it more dirty than diesel emissions? I have no idea, but
           | old diesels were nasty.
           | 
           | When comparing old diesels to old coal power plants the power
           | plants win by being more efficient but both belch out a lot
           | of pollution. They also have the advantage of burning coal, a
           | fuel which is available in abundance and does not need as
           | much processing as crude oil does to be used in diesel
           | engines.
           | 
           | When comparing old diesels to modern coal power plants this
           | is true at an even higher level since those modern power
           | plants filter out fly ash and are more efficient.
           | 
           | When comparing modern diesels to old coal-fired power plants
           | the diesels win by being less polluting and possibly on terms
           | of efficiency.
           | 
           | Modern diesels versus modern coal power plants goes to the
           | power plants again since these win on terms of efficiency -
           | especially when using combined heat & power - over the
           | diesels.
        
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       (page generated 2022-03-18 23:00 UTC)