[HN Gopher] Court affirms imported beef still allowed to be labe...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Court affirms imported beef still allowed to be labeled "Product of
       USA"
        
       Author : maxwell
       Score  : 175 points
       Date   : 2022-03-18 16:44 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.foodsafetynews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.foodsafetynews.com)
        
       | chrisbrandow wrote:
       | The answer to the question, "does a consumer think that beef with
       | a USA label might have come from another country?" is obviously
       | "No"
       | 
       | But there is a certain type of Lawyer-brain legalism that has
       | infected our courts, and I don't know of a good solution. But you
       | get this kind of obvious perverse result where it just defies
       | common sense. In that sense, I can understand how lawyers and
       | judges looked at whatever laws that define what each part of a
       | "product", "of", "USA" means and concluded, that yes, imported
       | beef can technically be "Product of USA"
       | 
       | I'm so sick of this.
        
         | jeltz wrote:
         | In my country, Sweden, this is much less of a problem since we
         | put more emphasis on the spirit of the law which reduces the
         | amount of lawyer-brain legalism. I think the US also should
         | move more towards spirit of the law over letter of the law.
        
         | JasonFruit wrote:
         | "Lawyer-brain legalism" describes the right way to interpret
         | law, though. The way to fix it isn't to be flexible about the
         | law, but to write better law.
        
           | sethammons wrote:
           | I wish there was a better mechanism for intent vs letter of
           | the law. Activist judges can be a real problem, but so can
           | "oh, yeah, but this comma was in the wrong spot, so we are
           | legal!".
        
             | jeltz wrote:
             | Activist judges do not seem to be more common in Europe
             | where intent is generally more important. I do not think
             | focusing on intent significantly enabled activist judges.
        
           | elliekelly wrote:
           | I disagree. My experience is limited to regulators, not
           | judges, but Europe tends to be much more focused on the
           | _spirit_ of the law compared to America 's focus on the
           | letter of the law. The law can (and should!) be flexible.
           | Legislation cannot possibly conceive of every possible fact
           | pattern that might emerge. It's an unrealistic expectation
           | and it would be a waste of effort to try to draft laws that
           | way because they'd either be so specific they'd never apply
           | or they'd be so broadly vague that they'd apply to everyone.
        
           | dataflow wrote:
           | > "Lawyer-brain legalism" describes the right way to
           | interpret law, though. The way to fix it isn't to be flexible
           | about the law, but to write better law.
           | 
           | This isn't 1 person writing 1 law who gets to iterate on it
           | until the bugs are gone. Bandwidth is not exactly abundant
           | here.
           | 
           | Before suggesting lawmakers somehow have enough bandwidth to
           | improve every law into perpetuity, I feel like it might be an
           | interesting experiment to try writing software the way law is
           | written (through democratic voting on "amendments" to the
           | codebase, with filibuster and all that fun, with similarly
           | limited ways to kick people out of the group), and to then
           | observe how many times you can feasibly go back to the
           | drawing board to remove bugs and "write better code". And
           | then calculate how much bandwidth you would need if you
           | wanted to produce N products every year, instead of just 1.
        
           | Teever wrote:
           | That's some Lawyer-brain legalism thinking right there bro.
           | 
           | People with Lawyber-brained legalism on the brain are the
           | ones who write those poorly written laws.
           | 
           | "Don't struggle-only within the ground rules that the people
           | you're struggling against have laid down."
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | The meat is not really at issue. Neither is the label.
       | 
       | It's the need for folks to buy something with a nationalistic
       | label, where the problem begins.
        
         | andruc wrote:
         | If the standards and regulations that goverend the raising and
         | production of meat were the same across all nations, then I'd
         | agree that the decision would be a purely nationalistic one.
        
         | cwkoss wrote:
         | There are many environmental and other moral reasons to prefer
         | more-local food (and other products)
        
         | istjohn wrote:
         | When Brazil is burning down rainforests to raise cattle, there
         | are good reasons to care where your beef is coming from.
        
         | jgod wrote:
         | What's wrong with preferring your nation (language, culture,
         | geography - doesn't necessarily map 1:1 to countries) over
         | others, while living in your nation?
         | 
         | I'd be more worried about people who place other nations above
         | mine while living in mine.
        
       | caseysoftware wrote:
       | I'm thinking of this from a product recall point of view.
       | 
       | If some sort of pathogen or other issue is discovered in
       | CountryX, you would probably think "whew, not my problem. I only
       | buy beef from the US" and ignore everything else about it.
       | 
       | Feels like it's setting up a bad situation but hopefully they
       | have mitigation approaches.
        
       | zalebz wrote:
       | this is a 2-1 state court appeal where the dissenting judge was
       | the senior judge that cited potential state vs federal issues. my
       | take is this is far from any sort of definitive decision.
        
       | gojomo wrote:
       | Life imitates art - specifically the Las Vegas-based surreal
       | pseudo-mega-market "Omega Mart", which offers "Americanized Beef"
       | in red, white, & blue:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ROOGLYvQdDs
        
       | o-o- wrote:
       | Lobbying at its finest - an open form of corruption. The system
       | needs an institution controlling these "interest groups". A force
       | that can weigh the millions of dollars they spend to sway
       | decision makers' opinions against "the greater good" (which often
       | turns out to be public health).
       | 
       | The same goes for the unneccessarily prolonged fight against
       | tobacco companies and junk food in schools.
        
         | denton-scratch wrote:
         | How's that "lobbying"? Isn't that just Big Meat paying for
         | lawyers and winning a court-case? (Along with a brain-dead
         | judge)
        
           | MikePlacid wrote:
           | > How's that "lobbying"?
           | 
           | From the court's decision:
           | 
           | <<But this new law generated several years of international-
           | trade issues with Canada and Mexico, including two disputes
           | before the World Trade Organization and more than $1 billion
           | in retaliatory tariffs imposed against the United States. ...
           | ... As a result, in 2015, Congress repealed the new country-
           | of-origin requirements for beef products, essentially
           | reinstating the pre-2008 status quo.>>
           | 
           | The court just used this "status quo" law formulas. But it's
           | not the result of just lobbying, right. It's the result of a
           | trade war.
        
         | jawarner wrote:
         | Agreed. I call these "Lorax problems" when there's nobody there
         | to speak for the common interest. It generally takes a drastic
         | public spectacle to muster the political wherewithal to make a
         | law in these cases. It took DDT killing bald eagles for the
         | feds to make the EPA and the Clean Water and Clean Air acts. It
         | took an oil spill to hold oil, inc. accountable for (a fraction
         | of) their pollution.
        
         | alexfromapex wrote:
         | Calling food that is 90%+ made in another country a "Product of
         | the USA" is just insulting and I think if there was no money
         | involved in the judges' decision making they'd just call this
         | what it is; deceptive trade practices.
        
           | notJim wrote:
           | The judge is likely interpreting a law that is worded to
           | result in exactly this outcome.
        
             | jaywalk wrote:
             | Exactly. It's ridiculous to jump to the assumption that
             | judges are being paid off when they correctly interpreted
             | the law as written.
             | 
             | The law needs to be changed, of course. But that's not up
             | to the judges.
        
               | matheusmoreira wrote:
               | > But that's not up to the judges.
               | 
               | Sure it is. English common law countries place heavy
               | emphasis on precedent. If the judge had refused to take
               | the law literally in this case and done the reasonable
               | thing instead, chances are this precedent would be cited
               | in any future lawsuits of this sort.
        
             | mpalczewski wrote:
             | 2 out of 3 judges are interpreting the law this way. This
             | went all the way to an appeals court. There's a strong
             | implication that there is quite a bit of room for the
             | judges to maneuver.
             | 
             | The minority opinion judge said > if consumers are deceived
             | by the label, "Product of the U.S.A.," then that label
             | violates both the FMIA and USDA regulations.
        
         | new_stranger wrote:
         | Unfortunately, whatever body you create to watch the body you
         | create that watches the body you create will have people in it
         | that will be the target of lobbing.
         | 
         | You need to some how break through the selection process to
         | appoint people of integrity and put enough safeguards in place
         | to prevent conflicts of interest.
         | 
         | Unfortunately, I don't know of a single time this design worked
         | out in the past and created a working entity.
         | 
         | Corruption is the standard because it's the easiest path. This
         | is true in other arenas like plaintext vs all the work of
         | adding encryption or screen time vs exercising.
         | 
         | All the laws in the world won't fix a mindset or mental
         | attitude.
        
         | jcranberry wrote:
         | The cases were dismissed. The court basically said this is
         | something for USDA/Congress to take care of.
        
         | mmarq wrote:
         | I'm not familiar with American labelling, but in the EU there
         | are several labels that mean different things.
         | 
         | I'm not an expert, but roughly speaking PDO (https://en.m.wikip
         | edia.org/wiki/Protected_designation_of_ori...) means that the
         | entire process follows certain procedures, ingredients come
         | from a particular area and production happens in certain areas
         | (usually the same as the ingredients).
         | 
         | PGI (https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protected_Geographical_Ind
         | ic...) instead is looser.
         | 
         | For instance you may have PGI Tuscan oil that is produced with
         | North African olives, while Lametia DOP (a PDO oil) must be
         | produced near Lametia Terme and must use Carolea olives from
         | the same area.
         | 
         | You can't label your oil "Lametia DOP", if you produce it near
         | Milan or if you use different olives.
         | 
         | All this to say that for "product of USA" to make sense, it
         | should not necessarily mean that in order to get that label all
         | ingredients must come from the USA. You probably miss a PDO-
         | like certification.
        
           | henrikschroder wrote:
           | The EU just has so much more and better regulations on food
           | labelling than the US.
           | 
           | Also, for meat, origin labelling is mandatory, but you
           | usually see all three: "raised in", "butchered in", packaged
           | in". If I understand the case in the article correctly,
           | they're saying that if any of those three countries is the
           | US, you can slap a "Product of the USA" on it and be done
           | with it, which just wouldn't fly in the EU.
        
             | mmarq wrote:
             | It would fly in the EU, if you branded your product
             | accordingly. Maybe "Product of the USA" doesn't mean much
             | legally. In the EU you can probably brand something as
             | "Product of the EU", but you can't make wine in your
             | basement and call it Prosecco, because "Prosecco" is a PDO
             | wine/name and must be produced in Valdobbiadene and
             | Conegliano using local grapes. Maybe somebody should
             | register a brand and license it to producers that follow
             | certain processes? Certainly there are private companies
             | already doing that, but nobody cares.
             | 
             | To be honest, these protected denominations favour the
             | producers more than the consumer. If you think about it,
             | from the consumer's perspective, it doesn't really make
             | sense to prevent somebody in Florence from producing
             | Prosecco, if they follow the correct procedures and use the
             | correct grapes. The same applies for meat origin labelling,
             | why should I care if my steak comes from the UK? I would
             | understand Argentina... I find way more relevant knowing
             | the breed rather than the country of origin (What's this?
             | Angus? Chianina? https://www.sainsburys.co.uk/gol-
             | ui/product/steak/sainsburys...)
             | 
             | But I digress.
        
         | version_five wrote:
         | > tobacco companies and junk food in schools
         | 
         | Bear with me, I think these are actually two examples of net
         | good (potentially) done by lobbyists, where their (admittedly
         | uncaring) business incentives end up standing up for what
         | people want.
         | 
         | Tobacco and junk food are big targets for the "protect us from
         | ourselves" crowd who think they should dictate values to other
         | people. Just because they aren't good for you, government
         | shouldn't be telling people what to do. Luckily (and I mean
         | this, it's essentially a coincidence) the incentives of tobacco
         | companies and soft drink manufacturers or whatever align with
         | giving people what they want, so ordinary people who would
         | otherwise get pushed around by controlling political types (for
         | their own good) get an unexpected ally.
         | 
         | I've seen this with covid too, few stand up for people who just
         | want to do their own thing and not get pushed around by people
         | who want to impose their values of maximizing for health
         | (pretending to) at the expense of all else. The only groups
         | with the clout to stand up to health officials mad with power
         | end up being lobbyists for companies that are losing money hand
         | over fist, and the interests align.
         | 
         | I'm not saying it's utopian, but for better or worse, they end
         | up providing a much needed countervailing force against what
         | might otherwise be a march to some technocratic hell hole where
         | people can't make their own choices because someone knows
         | better.
        
           | mmarq wrote:
           | > Tobacco and junk food are big targets for the "protect us
           | from ourselves" crowd who think they should dictate values to
           | other people.
           | 
           | It is insane that a minor is allowed to buy or consume junk
           | food in an institution (a school) that's supposed to look
           | after them. Food served in schools should be selected by a
           | professional, such as a dietician. It should not be possible
           | for a child to eat hamburgers or jacket potatoes or fries,
           | first of all because we should not poison them and second
           | because part of their education should include teaching them
           | how to eat properly.
        
             | version_five wrote:
             | I can't tell if this is serious, you are calling it insane
             | that a minor should be allowed to eat hamburgers and fries
             | at school? If you are serious, I'd say this supports my
             | argument that we need to counterbalance these extreme
             | views, and that coincidentally, industry lobby ends up
             | being on the other side, and helping normal people who
             | think it's ok to enjoy a burger sometimes
        
               | mmarq wrote:
               | I'm dead serious, school menus in Italy are (at least in
               | theory) monitored by the ministry of health, to ensure
               | they are healthy and well balanced. Children don't buy
               | food at school, they are served a meal from a fixed menu
               | (which may change for religious or health reasons). I'll
               | leave to you to determine which county has better eating
               | habits.
               | 
               | The notion that a 7 year old can buy fries or may think
               | it's normal to buy fries (rather than it being an
               | exceptional thing that happens no more than once a week
               | under the supervision of an adult) is as stupid as
               | thinking that they should be allowed to buy and consume
               | beer.
        
           | brimble wrote:
           | > Tobacco and junk food are big targets for the "protect us
           | from ourselves" crowd who think they should dictate values to
           | other people. Just because they aren't good for you,
           | government shouldn't be telling people what to do
           | 
           | Schools should absofuckinglutely not be serving, nor even
           | making available, junk food to kids on any kind of regular
           | basis. This isn't the government raiding your cupboards and
           | throwing out things they don't like.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | cptskippy wrote:
           | The problem problem with your argument is that you're saying
           | it's perfectly ok for businesses to manipulate their products
           | to make them addictive, the public with marketing, the
           | schools with kickbacks, and the politicians with lobbyists.
           | 
           | But when big government rears it's ugly head and tries to do
           | any sort of regulation for the greater good, it's
           | automatically bad and imposing on my freedoms and choice.
           | 
           | You're advocating for a world where people have the
           | perception of freedom while being oblivious to the fact that
           | they're actually being manipulated for profit. But that's ok
           | as long as it's Facebook, Coke, Philip Morris and Nestle and
           | not big bad government.
        
             | version_five wrote:
             | I'm summarizing the status quo, in which there are
             | governments and other advocacy groups as well. My point is
             | not that those should go away, it's that under the current
             | system, there are cases where lobbyists (or corporate
             | interests generally) can provide pushback that prevents
             | runaway regulation and nanny-state-ism. If there were just
             | profit seeking companies, and no opposing forces, that
             | could be bad too, and maybe cause the kind of things you're
             | talking about.
        
               | jawarner wrote:
               | On any given issue, some people care more about it, and
               | some people care less about it. Special groups in general
               | are not a bad thing.
               | 
               | > If there were just profit seeking companies, and no
               | opposing forces, that could be bad too, and maybe cause
               | the kind of things you're talking about.
               | 
               | That's exactly what the problem is. On many issues, there
               | are no opposing forces to the special interest groups.
               | These arise when for example when an industry causes a
               | small issue for a large population. It's difficult to
               | organize and litigate in such cases.
               | 
               | Edit: I think we're mostly in agreement. I think what is
               | needed is, like GP suggested, a rational way to balance
               | the incentives for the special interests and the public
               | good. Our current system relies on mustering large public
               | support to make legal changes for the public good, but
               | that's not scalable, and doesn't tend to rational,
               | balanced thinking.
        
           | jawarner wrote:
           | In a lot of cases, the relationship between a product and a
           | consumer is abusive. Take heroin for example. There is a huge
           | (black) market for heroin. People "want" it, and will become
           | addicted to it, and "want" it even more. The monetary value
           | of a product is not a measure of how much good it does.
        
           | sdanvjsndks wrote:
           | I do not think things are as black and white as you think and
           | its a blurry line, there are so many other factors to
           | consider than just "government shouldn't tell me what to do"
           | - such as how addictive the substance is, what demography of
           | the people is the regulation going to target e.g. children
           | etc. If you ask me if a person should be able to choose if
           | they want to smoke, I'd say yes; and if you ask me if there
           | should be regulation around marketing tobacco products
           | targeting kids or if there should be regulation to prevent
           | selling/consuming cigarettes in schools/colleges or in public
           | transport, I would also say yes. Different people draw the
           | line differently, with what products should be regulated and
           | how stringent should the regulation be, and we keep trying to
           | find the best compromise and not deal with absolutes.
           | 
           | The problem I have with these groups/people that "end up
           | standing up for what people want" as you phrase it, is that
           | while such groups generally stand up for the causes they like
           | its also generally the same people that also carve out their
           | own list of exceptions that they think the government should
           | intervene on. So, in essence, what's the difference between
           | them and the "protect us from ourselves" crowd as you phrase
           | it.
        
       | instagraham wrote:
       | > "M-COOL"
       | 
       | Seeing these, I always wonder which came first--The phrase or the
       | abbreviation?
        
       | kuang_eleven wrote:
       | That seems like a reasonable ruling.
       | 
       | For any product, if there is a substantive processing step done
       | (other than basic packaging), I would consider the label to be
       | accurate.
       | 
       | Additionally, _mandatory_ COOL seems like a self-serving
       | overreach by the cattle industry. By all means, include optional
       | labeling specifying the country of origin, following whatever
       | (non-fraudulent) criteria you want, and that label can be
       | protected all you want, but don 't make it mandatory.
       | 
       | Shades of the equally ridiculous mandatory GMO labeling that
       | thankfully got nixed.
        
         | lnanek2 wrote:
         | Not super interested in GMO or not myself, but knowing where
         | beef comes from seems important. Outbreaks of mad cow disease
         | tend to be confined to certain countries, so it's valuable to
         | be able to know your meat isn't coming from one of those if you
         | don't want to get a prion disease.
         | 
         | Meanwhile it's valuable for corporations to hide where the meat
         | comes from since such a country might sell their beef
         | considerably cheaper to offload it despite the disease. So it's
         | one of those cases where the corporate interests (profit) are
         | against the individual interests (not getting a prion disease)
         | and having government step in and mandate country of origin
         | labeling would be valuable.
         | 
         | I think the US tends to be less strict about meat anyway,
         | though. Our grocery stores still package beef in carbon
         | monoxide to make it look red even though other countries have
         | decided that makes the meat look misleadingly fresher than it
         | really is, for example.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | supernova87a wrote:
       | "Beef, designed in California"
        
         | jgwil2 wrote:
         | I got some chrysanthemums as a gift last fall that came in a
         | plastic, jack-o-lantern shaped pot. The text on the bottom
         | read, "Made in China. Designed in USA."
        
       | bumblebritches5 wrote:
        
       | jcranberry wrote:
       | More information:
       | 
       | https://www.natlawreview.com/article/10th-circuit-confirmed-...
        
       | blakesterz wrote:
       | The actual ruling is here:
       | 
       | https://www.ca10.uscourts.gov/sites/ca10/files/opinions/0101...
       | 
       | The dissent starts on page 22 of that PDF, it's an interesting
       | read.
       | 
       | "The text, history, and purpose of the FMIA all point toward the
       | same conclusion: Congress could not have intended to authorize
       | outright deception in meat labeling. Plaintiffs invoke state law
       | to challenge precisely this sort of label, alleging that
       | defendants mislead consumers about the origin of their beef
       | products."
        
       | hericium wrote:
       | In the US, Tic-Tac has zero calories. The same Tic-Tac is
       | advertised in the EU as having "2 calories".
       | 
       | If a pack full of candy, 0.5g (edit) sugar each, can be sold as
       | zero-kcal candy, then what's the fuss with meat labelling? Not
       | lobbied enough?
        
         | bobro wrote:
         | The idea that doing something wrong in one arena means we are
         | justified to do something else wrong in another arena is
         | incredibly self-sabotaging.
        
         | soco wrote:
         | You have a point but it's 0.5g each candy so they're in the
         | area of rounding errors. And as every programmer knows just one
         | rounding error won't bite you, but when (often) it gets
         | multiplied...
        
           | mprovost wrote:
           | The EU probably requires calculating energy in kilojoules
           | (which are 4x calories) and then converting back to calories
           | which results in different rounding.
        
             | abrowne wrote:
             | I believe the US allows .5 to round _down_ to 0, while I
             | 've seen EU labels list e.g. .5 g of fat, so I wouldn't be
             | surprised if they require it.
        
       | bamboozled wrote:
       | Will no longer buy American beef, thanks.
       | 
       | It's amazing how badly this affects the credibility of the USA.
        
       | Victerius wrote:
       | Are "Product of USA"-labeled products entitled to beneficial tax
       | treatment or subsidies? Because it would make sense for a
       | business to attempt to minimize its production costs by
       | outsourcing to cheaper foreign sources while reaping fiscal
       | benefits at home.
        
         | anamax wrote:
         | > Are "Product of USA"-labeled products entitled to beneficial
         | tax treatment or subsidies?
         | 
         | The presence/absence of "Product of the USA" label affects some
         | people's buying decisions.
        
           | bluGill wrote:
           | Not very many. Consumers mostly go to the store and grab
           | whatever. Very few even read the label.
        
             | moate wrote:
             | *Citation needed for every sentence in this post.
        
             | ompaLompa wrote:
             | Critically thinking - If that was the case this wouldn't
             | have been fought in court.
             | 
             | A few google searches show the effect is minor to major
             | depending on product category. I wasn't able to find exact
             | numbers. But as a personal note I would never buy meat
             | labeled "Made in China"
        
       | dqpb wrote:
       | Three words are not enough to convey the biography of a cow.
        
       | floor2 wrote:
       | There's good news though if anyone reading this is concerned that
       | it means they might be getting beef from Mexico that was raised
       | in unsanitary conditions, with dangerous drugs, unhealthy diets
       | and while exploiting low paid workers in terrible working
       | conditions, which is that all of that is equally true of American
       | beef, so there's really no difference.
        
       | ldoughty wrote:
       | I sympathize with US ranchers, but I agree with the courts that
       | "Product of the USA" okay...
       | 
       | M-COOL (Meat Country of Origin Label) is the right solution...
       | and let me give an example why:
       | 
       | If I buy a new, real wood, kitchen table, that was imported as a
       | sapling, planted in the USA for 20 years, then milled in the USA,
       | then worked into a table by USA craftsmen -- would that be a
       | product of the USA? I'd say so, and I think few people would
       | argue that the "birth" of the tree on foreign soil taints its
       | "Product of the USA" qualities in this sense.
       | 
       | If you agree with me there, then what we will end up disagreeing
       | on is when that threshold is crossed, and it's no longer "Product
       | of the USA".
       | 
       | By attacking this label, it was always an uphill battle, I
       | think.... and that's why M-COOL is the better solution. Tell me
       | where the meat was born, raised, and slaughtered. If a soup
       | company imports that beef and uses it in their soup that is
       | mixed, seasoned, and canned in the USA, I don't think it's fair
       | to say they are not a USA product, however, it's still valid and
       | good (I think) to say that it's from imported meats.
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | I disagree that your first example would qualify as a product
         | of the USA. At least from a defense standpoint.
         | 
         | In my mind if a product has foreign decencies in it's supply
         | chain then it is not a product of the US alone. A reasonable
         | exception for manufacturing equipment or IP owned by a foreign
         | company.
        
           | ldoughty wrote:
           | If "Product of the USA" means 100% US Supply chain, then I
           | would further argue that almost nothing COULD be a product of
           | the USA...
           | 
           | If we can't include a copper heatsink because it was imported
           | to the USA as raw copper ore... then can we even include
           | foreign workers who come to the USA to work ? They may go
           | home at any time... or they might be forced to go home...
           | they might not even be authorized to work in the USA, or not
           | let back into the USA (even if they were otherwise allowed to
           | work) next season...
           | 
           | Again, we're arguing over where to draw the line, and that's
           | why I dislike "Product of the USA" as a mechanism for meat
           | labeling... everyone wants to draw the line somewhere
           | differently, so it would be better to be more specific about
           | labeling aspects of it, not the whole.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | I am drawing a line between what could still be
             | manufactured if US borders closed today and what couldn't.
             | Rain comes from water outside the US borders but a war
             | isn't going to stop rain the way it might stop platinum
             | imports.
             | 
             | Copper can be sourced inside the US, if you didn't then you
             | have a foreign dependency in your supply chain which is
             | something the DoD actually cares about for obvious reasons.
             | 
             | Any other definition is just meaningless marketing crap
             | like "The Best" which is legally meaningless.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | machinerychorus wrote:
           | Right, and the fact that you disagree is why M-COOL seems
           | like a good solution: put all the relevant info on the label,
           | and let each person choose where they draw the line.
        
           | jcranmer wrote:
           | So if everything in your car came from the US, except for a
           | platinum ingot that provides the platinum in the catalytic
           | converter, it is improper to claim that the car was made in
           | the US? Note that the US is not a major producer of platinum.
        
             | behringer wrote:
             | Yes. It's really not hard to understand. At the very least
             | it should say Made in America *except the catalytic
             | converter
        
               | jcranmer wrote:
               | But the catalytic converter itself _was_ fabricated in
               | the US; only the _raw materials_ for the catalytic
               | converter didn 't.
               | 
               | (I'm using platinum ingot since that's how I'm assuming
               | you'd buy a lump of platinum metal. If this is not
               | correct, substitute for whatever the thing is you'd
               | actually buy from somebody like Rio Tinto. I'd have used
               | the platinum ore directly, but my understanding is that
               | it generally is produced as a byproduct of other metal
               | refining.)
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Which means if the US went to war with X, you can't make
               | cars. That's a critical distinction when talking about
               | defense contractors.
        
             | jerf wrote:
             | I think you're arguing from the perspective that there's
             | some objectively right "Product of the USA" meaning. But
             | there isn't. A USA Apple Pie did not start by the USA
             | creating the universe, paraphrasing Carl Sagan.
             | 
             | The problem is that there are differing degrees of "Product
             | of the USA" here. "Big Meat" wants to slap it on anything
             | they want that vaguely touched the US at some point prior
             | to packaging for marketing purposes. Absolutionists may
             | want it to mean nowhere in the value chain that produced
             | that particular animal does any other country appear, and
             | may even say, yes, that means the car you mention is not
             | made in the US. (Presumably there is a limit to how far
             | back the analysis needs to go, since cows are not native to
             | the US.) The guy on the street probably doesn't care, and
             | may care about it for quality issues (perceived or real) or
             | care about the vast majority of the profit of the value
             | chain being retained in the US.
             | 
             |  _Generally_ , when it comes to product labeling in the US,
             | the federal government declares what labels mean, and in
             | the absence of that, labels have very little meaning [1].
             | In this case, the court majority ruled that the meaning the
             | government outlines was fulfilled by the meat labeled as
             | such in the package. This is not wrong, it just happens to
             | not be the definition preferred by other people, and
             | they're going to Congress to get it changed.
             | 
             | So, to answer your question, yes and no and maybe, all at
             | the same time. Hence the problem.
             | 
             | [1]: It occurs to me as I type this that more of the labels
             | could stand to be clear about which is which. If my bread
             | says it is "whole wheat", is that in the set of meaningful,
             | legally-defined labels, or is it just something the
             | manufacturer felt like they could stick on because there
             | was a whole wheat grain that accidentally got into the
             | dough? I don't know, and my not knowing is the point, not
             | the question itself.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | False advertising still applies.
               | 
               | The only loophole is short descriptions by default have
               | an ambiguous meaning. "Made with Oak" could mean you used
               | an oak spoon at some stage in the process. So, it needs
               | to be extremely egregious which this case wasn't.
        
         | jsonne wrote:
         | The crazy thing is they actually 100% hold this data. Literally
         | adding a few lines to the tag would solve this. I worked in a
         | meat packing plant during summers in college and they would use
         | rfid tags to scan everything in and out. The whole supply chain
         | including down to which truck it was specifically transported
         | on is there.
        
           | reginaldo wrote:
           | For cattle, yes, but how far do you go? Imagine trying to tag
           | Milton Friedman's pencil:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=67tHtpac5ws
        
         | twelvechairs wrote:
         | Australia has a better system on all products 'Made in
         | Australia from at least 98% Australian ingredients' or similar.
         | Meat is treated the same as vegetables, nuts, milk, cereal etc.
         | 
         | https://www.accc.gov.au/consumers/groceries/country-of-origi...
        
         | bigcat123 wrote:
        
         | KennyBlanken wrote:
         | I lol'd at this:
         | 
         | > Cattlemen believe it also helps create a level playing field
         | for American ranchers by assisting them to get a fair price.
         | 
         | This is the industry that has fought to make it illegal to
         | publish video from within slaughterhouses, and for regulations
         | that require packages be labeled with disclaimers that imply
         | organic and hormone-free meat and dairy are meaningless.
        
         | cbsmith wrote:
         | Yes, what we need are more food labels. That way it'll be less
         | confusing for customers.
        
         | batch12 wrote:
         | This seems all about removing the capacity for a consumer to
         | make an informed choice between products. The label 'Product of
         | USA' should have an unambiguous meaning-- especially for food.
        
           | metadat wrote:
           | 100% agree, it "should" have an unambiguous meaning, and in
           | the ideal world it _would_.
           | 
           | The reality is, it's highly political. This typically results
           | in somewhat-to-very perverse decision logic at high
           | legalisative levels..
           | 
           | The M-COOL approach will sidestep some of the nonsense.
        
           | nickff wrote:
           | > _" The label 'Product of USA' should have an unambiguous
           | meaning..."_
           | 
           | And what should that meaning be? I don't understand where you
           | think the line should be.
        
             | batch12 wrote:
             | Whatever it is, it should be well understood. If that means
             | finished in the USA, fine. If it means cradle to grave
             | within the borders of the US, fine. Right now it means
             | nothing since it isn't clear and is used as a label to
             | drive sales through obscurity.
        
         | istjohn wrote:
         | That there isn't an obvious place to draw the line does not in
         | any way justify drawing the line at a patently absurd position
         | like this court has done. Courts constantly make rulings on
         | issues where the boundaries are somewhat blurry. For just one
         | example, take the infamous line about pornography: "I know it
         | when I see it." They have well-established techniques for
         | reasoning about such cases. It's not perfect, but it can be,
         | and is, done all the time.
         | 
         | This case isn't about canned soup. It's about meat that has
         | been minimally processed, e.g., a side of beef that gets cut
         | into steaks and ribs in the USA. Calling that a "Product of the
         | USA" is absurd. M-COOL sounds great, but this is still stupid.
        
           | reginaldo wrote:
           | > Courts constantly make rulings on issues where the
           | boundaries are somewhat blurry.
           | 
           | Do you consider that to be a good thing, though? Or, at
           | least, a net good?
           | 
           | My own initial intuition was that it's not OK to add "Product
           | of the USA" to the label if the intention is to mislead the
           | consumer, but there may be other things at play that
           | determine what must or must not be on the label, e.g. tax-
           | related considerations, which, if you ask me, are also
           | frequently arbitrary.
           | 
           | Also, keep in mind that a label with a full history might
           | create information pollution, like with CA Prop 65 labels.
        
             | istjohn wrote:
             | Yes, it's a good thing. Otherwise there would be a great
             | number of things our elected representatives would want to
             | execute in law on behalf of their constituencies that they
             | would be unable to do so because the burden of legislating
             | in sufficient detail would be too high.
             | 
             | In fact, there is a legal theory gaining traction in
             | conservative circles that seeks to neuter the federal
             | government by arguing that Congress cannot delegate law-
             | making to the executive branch. They argue that Congress
             | must lay out laws in full detail instead of expressing a
             | general intent and creating executive institutions like the
             | EPA, FTC, and FAA to then elaborate and administer detailed
             | regulations. The effect would be to make our laws brittle
             | and short-sighted.
        
             | b_t_s wrote:
             | I would consider that to be their primary job function.
             | Especially at the higher levels. The rule of law would
             | break down if they didn't. Laws are like product specs.
             | They cover the core stuff as best they can, but there are
             | invariably areas where they are a bit buggy, ambiguous, and
             | incomplete. We already have problems with loopholes, but if
             | judges weren't allowed to to exercise some degree of
             | reasonable judgement when things are not 100% crystal clear
             | those problems would be orders of magnitude worse.
        
             | HWR_14 wrote:
             | > My own initial intuition was that it's not OK to add
             | "Product of the USA" to the label if the intention is to
             | mislead the consumer,
             | 
             | And who decides that? A lot of things have blurry lines and
             | I don't know who you expect to clarify them. A court where
             | two sides argue seems like the best solution to me. Not a
             | great solution, but it falls into that quote about
             | democracy being bad but still the best.
        
           | babyshake wrote:
           | The easy solution is to allow for something like "Prepared in
           | the USA", and only allowing "Product of the USA" if the
           | animal was slaughtered in the US.
        
             | katbyte wrote:
             | similar to "Assembled in the USA"
        
               | dwater wrote:
               | I'm sure consumers will love "Pork Chops: Designed in
               | Texas, butchered in USA from components sourced in USA
               | and elsewhere".
        
         | talideon wrote:
         | Here in Europe, you're told everything, not just where it was
         | finally processed/packaged. Produce is labelled not just down
         | to a country level, but to individual farms, and often you'll
         | see meat for sale in shops include not just the code for the
         | farm, but the full name too.
         | 
         | If I were to show you the jar of (blended) honey I have in my
         | cupboard, it lists every country it came from. I haven't looked
         | at any soup I have (granularity with stuff like that is more
         | important when it comes down to food standards in individual
         | blocs), but anything with differing food standards would likely
         | be marked as such. Anything that's a mixed source of raw
         | product has to be labelled as such, such as "Made in Ireland
         | from a blend of EU and non-EU sources".
         | 
         | One of the good things about the EU, though I'm sure some in a
         | particular ex-EU country might debate this, is that any food
         | imports are required to be of the same standard as anything
         | produced within the bloc.
         | 
         | Regarding the term "product of the USA", I think the problem
         | there is down to phrasing: the table is a "product of the USA"
         | if the work done in the US to transform it from the raw
         | material to a table is done in the US. Maybe the solution is to
         | do the same thing as is done in Europe, and have something like
         | "Product of the USA from US and non-US raw materials".
         | 
         | [And if you want complicated, try being somebody working in
         | Northern Ireland right now! Though it's a mixed, mostly
         | positive, blessing for them: they can operate under "made in
         | the UK" (good domestically, less so abroad mostly), or "made in
         | Ireland" (so long as they're sticking to EU rules, and NI is so
         | dependent on agriculture that it's to their benefit, as with
         | tourism, to export under an all-Ireland umbrella), but it makes
         | the paperwork... fun.]
        
         | drdaeman wrote:
         | > Tell me where the meat was born, raised, and slaughtered.
         | 
         | This! Can't agree more. In modern economies, something might be
         | a product of few dozen countries (beef born there, raised here,
         | slaughtered somewhere else, beans from that place and pepper
         | imported from another, there's a can and paper label design and
         | printing too, and of course a labor to make those into the
         | final product - which might be distributed), so trying to argue
         | about things as having single country of origin is just wrong
         | and archaic.
        
           | batch12 wrote:
           | Sure. I can get onboard with that. In this case, the company
           | should not claim that the beef is a product of a single
           | country. The issue I think is that sellers realize that
           | people don't always want food shipped from halfway around the
           | world-- so they obfuscate.
        
           | thesimon wrote:
           | >beef born there, raised here, slaughtered somewhere else
           | 
           | Not rare to see here in Germany. I have seen it for Austrian-
           | grown chicken to be slaughtered in Germany, similarly
           | Argentinian beef is sometimes cut in the Netherlands.
           | 
           | EU regulation stipulates:
           | 
           | > The term 'origin' should be reserved for meat obtained from
           | animals born, reared and slaughtered, and therefore wholly
           | obtained, in one single Member State or third country.
           | 
           | https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-
           | content/EN/TXT/?qid=15906711...)
           | 
           | UK law requires country of birth, country of rearing, country
           | of slaughter and country of cutting to be on the product.
           | 
           | Slightly surprising that US consumers don't get so much
           | information.
        
             | LegitShady wrote:
             | I think there are big quality control issues with shipping
             | away cattle to other countries for slaughter as well. Your
             | ability to control the final product is much reduced
             | compared to when everything is regulated locally.
             | 
             | I remember reading about a company importing crab and fish
             | from china that on analysis found out what they were
             | receiving wasn't necessarily what they ordered, and the
             | Chinese themselves were officially importing the food from
             | canada, but what was shipped out to customers wasn't
             | necessarily that just labelled as that.
             | 
             | Murky waters, hard to control compared to everything being
             | domestic.
        
               | KennyBlanken wrote:
               | A massive amount of seafood in the US is intentionally
               | mislabeled, which leads to a lot of problems because
               | tilapia, for example, causes upset stomachs for a lot of
               | people.
        
               | HWR_14 wrote:
               | A lot of seafood is mislabled because it's hard to
               | identify. Especially given that there might be a few
               | random fish in a catch that is predominantly X.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, tilapia is farmed. Hence misidentification
               | there would be intentional.
        
               | JoeAltmaier wrote:
               | Not sure how that works. 'Tilapia' isn't a fish. Its 'any
               | whitefish'
        
               | fsckboy wrote:
               | whitefish in the US seafood market traditionally refers
               | to cod, haddock, pollack and similar species, even
               | including sole, flounder and halibut.
               | 
               | tilapia are cichlids, and are not part of the old
               | definition; not sure if the definition has changed
        
               | phonypc wrote:
               | Tilapia certainly does not refer to any whitefish. If
               | tilapia is not "a fish" then neither are salmon or tuna
               | or probably a dozen other common names.
        
               | JoeAltmaier wrote:
               | Tilapia certainly does refer to (almost) any whitefish.
               | Over 100 different fish are called 'tilapia'. Because
               | their flesh is white, and they cannot pass as a more
               | valuable fish.
               | 
               | For comparison, there are 8 species of salmon. We eat
               | maybe two of them.
        
               | Turing_Machine wrote:
               | > Over 100 different fish are called 'tilapia'
               | 
               | All of which are cichlids.
               | 
               | That's a long way away from "any whitefish".
               | 
               | "Whitefish" most commonly refers to cod and pollock, not
               | tilapia.
               | 
               | And we eat every species of salmon, not just two.
        
               | phonypc wrote:
               | Most of those 100 fish are not eaten at any great scale.
               | If you ask someone for examples of whitefish, you're
               | going to get answers like cod, haddock, pollock etc. None
               | of which are tilapia. Tilapia arguably isn't even an
               | example of whitefish.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | talideon wrote:
               | Here in Ireland, our reputation with raw material is
               | important, because what we make is traded as best-of-
               | breed, which in agriculture means any meat is grass-fed
               | and free-range, and any fish we catch is mostly from
               | managed wild stock (important for salmon), or explicitly
               | labelled as farmed.
               | 
               | The big initial scandal around that was around live
               | cattle exports to the Middle East. This was largely down
               | to animal cruelty, because live exports happened because
               | nobody wanted to export halal meat from Ireland. Amongst
               | other things, this eventually lead to the establishment
               | of halal slaughterhouses in Ireland, which, while it
               | didn't entirely eliminate the animal cruelty argument, at
               | least minimised it.
               | 
               | It doesn't hurt that everything in the EU is traceable.
               | 
               | Mind you, then there's the whole horsemeat scandal in the
               | EU. Me, I've no problem with horsemeat, but I'd just
               | prefer it to be labelled as such. It's not all that
               | terribly different from beef.
        
               | AniseAbyss wrote:
               | There is an infamous example in the EU with "Parmaham".
               | Take pigs from the Netherlands, put them in a truck and
               | drive to Italy.
               | 
               | Presto Italian ham.
        
               | riffraff wrote:
               | Are you sure?
               | 
               | As far as I remember Prosciutto di Parma has a proper
               | disciplinary, the pigs must be bred in Italy, and not
               | even all of it.
        
           | joelfried wrote:
           | I appreciate why it feels archaic writ large, but for folks
           | who want to know the animals in question were raised in a
           | certain way (free of antibiotics, to pick something clear), I
           | for one feel more confident that the label is being honest if
           | the meat was also raised here.
        
         | Dracophoenix wrote:
         | Why not just follow current immigration policy (jus soli
         | births)?
        
         | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
         | > I agree with the courts that "Product of the USA" okay...
         | 
         | It's okay to import an animal, put them on a feed lot for a few
         | days, then move them over to the slaughter house and claim
         | "raised in the US"?
        
           | moate wrote:
           | No, you changed words there sir. "Product of the USA" =/=
           | "Raised in the USA". I don't believe you would find a "Raised
           | in the USA" label on any meat, but it's been over a decade
           | since I took a meat & seafood class, so I may be mistaken.
           | 
           | The point is, "Product of..." is essentially meaningless
           | without added context. If I buy a McDonalds Hamburger, cooked
           | by someone in my hometown in New Jersey, is that a "Product
           | of New Jersey"? Sure! But also no, if the meat was ground in
           | New York, from a cow slaughtered in Vermont but born and
           | raised in Alberta Canada.
           | 
           | Short, pithy slogans are great to get people to think/feel
           | things, but they're absolutely useless to actually explain
           | anything. Look at how long my post is when I could have just
           | said "You cheated!".
        
         | rmbyrro wrote:
         | Yea, they should move away from "Product of USA" and start
         | using "Controlled Origin Denomination", like European wine
         | producers use.
        
         | have_faith wrote:
         | > If a soup company imports that beef and uses it in their soup
         | that is mixed, seasoned, and canned in the USA, I don't think
         | it's fair to say they are not a USA product
         | 
         | I think it's very misleading if they're selling beef soup with
         | an american flag on the front. Either way our disagreement just
         | highlights the importance of the meat country of origin label.
        
           | smileysteve wrote:
           | I agree, I was in a grocery store and at the frozen meat
           | aisle. The import company has a USA flag, is called something
           | like "American Product Imports" and the Tilapia is of Chinese
           | origin if you look at the back.
           | 
           | I'm not sure which it says more about, the ethics of the
           | company or how easily the American consumer is swayed by flag
           | imagery.
        
         | Alex3917 wrote:
         | If you import a sapling from overseas then there's a good
         | chance the government will come to your house, seize and
         | destroy it, and put you in prison. They run sting operations on
         | eBay and similar sites all the time. Why shouldn't the same
         | apply here?
        
           | sethammons wrote:
           | while this may or may not be true, and it is beside the
           | point. We are talking about where to draw the line in the
           | sand for "made somewhere" not if it is/isn't legal to have
           | been made.
        
         | pdonis wrote:
         | _> imported as a sapling, planted in the USA for 20 years, then
         | milled in the USA, then worked into a table by USA craftsmen_
         | 
         | But that's not a good analogy to what is being complained of in
         | this case. What is being complained of in this case would be
         | more analogous to a tree that was raised from sapling on in a
         | foreign country, cut down, milled, and worked into pieces of a
         | table in that foreign country, then a US company imported the
         | pieces of the table, assembled them into a table, and labeled
         | it "Product of the USA". Still ok to you?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | stickfigure wrote:
           | Parent's point is that it's a spectrum. What if the log was
           | imported but it was milled and worked into a table in the US?
           | What if it came in as milled lumber but was cut+worked into a
           | table in the US? "Made in the USA" is fuzzy.
           | 
           | Huber banjos are "hand crafted in Tennessee" but the mahogany
           | sure didn't grow there (or anywhere else in the USA).
        
           | mc32 wrote:
           | Sounds like "assembled in... from foreign components" or in
           | this case "butchered in... from foreign cattle"
        
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