[HN Gopher] An AI designed keyboard layout (2021)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       An AI designed keyboard layout (2021)
        
       Author : michidk
       Score  : 154 points
       Date   : 2022-03-18 08:32 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (github.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (github.com)
        
       | readingnews wrote:
       | After using a split spacebar for some time now, I just can not
       | see the idea of a single spacebar being optimal.
       | 
       | I have two thumbs. Why not use them? My right spacebar is space,
       | my left is enter. I have never done anything else so profoundly
       | productive to my computer.
        
         | celeritascelery wrote:
         | Interesting. I was thinking of doing something similar, but
         | replacing the other space bar with backspace. For me enter is a
         | really easy key to reach, backspace is much farther. Either
         | that or escape.
        
         | linsomniac wrote:
         | This. But on steroids. One of the primary reasons I went with
         | the ErgoDox was to reduce the load on my pinkies and add some
         | load to my underused thumbs. I have left thumb doing
         | space/backspace, and right doing enter/tab.
        
           | ajford wrote:
           | Same. Pinky/ring finger RSI lead me to split ergos for this
           | same reason, landing on the Moonlander by ZSA.
           | 
           | I've got Space, Bk Space, Shift/(, and Alt on left thumb
           | cluster; Enter, Tab, Shift/), and Esc/Ctrl on the right thumb
           | cluster. Pinkies have far less to do now.
        
       | whoomp12342 wrote:
       | can AI design keyboard layouts individually for the most popular
       | programming languages please?
        
       | jtian wrote:
       | AI decides that ctrl is still there? Look at many Japanese made
       | (ANSI) keyboards: they simply put ctrl where caps lock locates.
       | This is a life changer to me, and inspires me to change all my
       | keyboards: no new layout required.
       | 
       | Even though they can claim movement is decreased, having little
       | finger hitting ctrl at the original location for hundreds to
       | thousands of times is never a fun. It's ergonomically bad.
        
       | ajoy wrote:
       | Something I was developing on my spare time :) :
       | https://github.com/aj0y/fitjoy
       | 
       | The main difference with other layouts is that I take finger
       | length into account. (Eg. the pinky is usually much shorter than
       | your ring finger, so putting them all on the same row means your
       | ring finger need to curl up more and less relaxed). Also tried to
       | reduce changes to the most common shortcuts we (programmers) use.
       | 
       | Feedback welcome!
        
       | kortex wrote:
       | Has anyone already learned Dvorak and made the switch to some
       | other "more efficient" layout, such as Colemak, Workman, Neo,
       | this new one, etc? Has it actually been more ergonomic,
       | efficient, and/or faster than Dvorak?
       | 
       | I have a Moonlander and have it totally tricked out so I have no
       | problem with qwerty hotkey locations. It's basically just the
       | time delta to grind a new layout. When I learned Dvorak around
       | 2009, it took me about a month to reach parity. It might be even
       | faster this time around since I'm constantly messing with my
       | layout with small tweaks and having to relearn muscle memory.
       | 
       | Also if you aren't using some kind of layer scheme to map things
       | like ~./()= up/down/left/right to home keys, you are really
       | missing out :p
        
         | rstacruz wrote:
         | Me! I was a Dvorak user for around 6-8 years, but switched to
         | Colemak mod-DH. I found it to be worth it. Colemak mod-DH is
         | more ergonomic for ortholinear keyboards, less "alternate hand"
         | keys, more balanced left/right hand ratio, and overall (for me)
         | more pleasant to use.
        
       | dpwm wrote:
       | Interesting to compare it to my preferred keyboard layout, BEPO
       | [0][1].
       | 
       | In Halmak, the vowels are clustered around the right hand rather
       | than the left. Like BEPO, the punctuation is reachable with index
       | fingers. There is some difference with the home row consonants,
       | but otherwise this looks like an interesting layout.
       | 
       | Although BEPO is a French layout, I've found it works well for
       | English - despite giving space to accented characters that are
       | not often used in English.
       | 
       | [0] https://bepo.fr/wiki/Accueil (in French) [1]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%89PO
        
         | sylware wrote:
        
       | dtx1 wrote:
       | i rarely find myself in a situation where my typing speed on a
       | regular layout is the limiting factor for input speed. When
       | coding I don't type a lot and i'd likely get the same input speed
       | on any reasonable layout after a while and when typing normal
       | text i'm much more bound by how fast i can think about what i
       | want to write. The only time i feel limited is when trying to
       | transcribe while someone is talking but that's also a solved case
       | since Shorthand and special typing equipment for that exists. I
       | doubt you can type on any ascii based layout as fast as someone
       | can on a shorthand typing system with equal training when it
       | comes to natural language transcription.
        
         | Symbiote wrote:
         | Increased typing speed is the secondary purpose.
         | 
         | Improved comfort is the primary purpose.
        
       | moss2 wrote:
       | Looks cool :) Can't use it cause my alphabet has three more
       | letters than the English.
        
         | hans1729 wrote:
         | fwiw, I speak German and find the german layout to be
         | insultingly unusable, especially for coding. So I use the
         | american hardware layout (which lack three german letters) and
         | type Umlaute aou with alt+u+{a|o|u}. It doesn't feel like it
         | adds significant overhead, I've built the muscle memory within
         | minutes. Any acceptable operating system should allow for such
         | mappings, on macos this is active by default.
        
           | Semaphor wrote:
           | I use EurKEY [0]. It has Ctrl+Alt+o for o and also a ton of
           | other characters.
           | 
           | [0]: https://eurkey.steffen.bruentjen.eu/
        
       | brainzap wrote:
       | why does it not use the thumbs
        
         | mkl wrote:
         | Because it's designed to be used on existing hardware, where
         | the spacebar is really big and taking up the space where thumb
         | keys would be, and where there's no row of keys below that.
        
       | socar wrote:
       | But it is still a slab of plastic with buttons...
        
       | medstrom wrote:
       | Y'all need to know the background of past efforts [1], people
       | keep making the same observations over and over again as if
       | they're new. In the area of computer-generated layouts, there's
       | been lots of rich discussion on the AdNW [2] and MTGAP [3]
       | projects.
       | 
       | For "improving Dvorak", that was solved back in 2004 with
       | Capewell-Dvorak [4].
       | 
       | To the author: what is supposed to be AI here? I don't see a
       | mention of a ML method or neural network here, is it "just" an
       | evolutionary algorithm like CarPalx, AdNW and MTGAP (not that
       | it's bad)?
       | 
       | [1] https://deskthority.net/wiki/Alternative_keyboard_layouts
       | 
       | [2]
       | https://deskthority.net/wiki/Alternative_keyboard_layouts#Ad...
       | 
       | [3]
       | https://mathematicalmulticore.wordpress.com/category/keyboar...
       | 
       | [4]
       | https://deskthority.net/wiki/Alternative_keyboard_layouts#Ca...
        
         | mkl wrote:
         | They probably mean ML. They're mutating keyboard layouts with a
         | simple genetic algorithm. "Just" an evolutionary algorithm, but
         | still arguably ML.
        
         | gillesjacobs wrote:
         | I agree that I would love a discussion by OP acknowledging
         | previous efforts and comparing approaches.
         | 
         | Having multiple minds working at the same problem is great, but
         | not engaging with prior art diminishes the value of their own
         | work IMO.
        
           | ddalex wrote:
           | Am I the only one that finds that the typing speed doesn't
           | matter... it takes me way longer to figure out what I want to
           | write then actually writing it...
        
         | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
         | Evolutionary algorithms are a form of machine learning and an
         | established branch of artificial intelligence research. See
         | e.g. wikipedia page with box "Part of a series on Artificial
         | Intelligence":
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary_algorithm
         | 
         | Are you using "AI" to mean "deep learning"?
        
       | aivisol wrote:
       | What about digits?
        
         | xcambar wrote:
         | the very top row of the very first screenshot has what you're
         | looking for.
        
           | aivisol wrote:
           | I see that. I mean why they are not shuffled
        
         | riidom wrote:
         | Yea wondered about that too. No idea why this got downvoted
        
       | eimrine wrote:
       | Dvorak touchtyper since 2010 is here ^_^ I appreciate any
       | attempts to make August Dvorak's work even better. For example,
       | that claster of wovels is not AI's work but Dvorak's. BTW there
       | is one strange claim from my POW:
       | 
       | > QWERTY - 0% (baseline)
       | 
       | > Dvorak - +77%
       | 
       | > Colemak - +84%
       | 
       | > Workman - +101%
       | 
       | > Halmak - +134%
       | 
       | If author considers Colemak and Workman more efficient than
       | Dvorak, I should not even to give this layout a try :) because I
       | have tried these and can not report such experience. Probably it
       | is because I am a piano player since 2016 and the fingers which
       | are weak on average people are not that weak for me. Another
       | rebuke to mention is that Halmak is not compatible with
       | Programmer Dvorak. That idea of 7531902468 and three pairs of
       | brackets, braces, parentheses (all paired symbols except diamond
       | braces) is extremely handy while programming.
       | 
       | AFAIK, 7531902468 is also August's gem of mind, can your
       | AI/HAL/whatever to design a layout with that row and at least
       | [{}(=*)+] cluster untouched?
        
         | danpalmer wrote:
         | You make a good point about finger strength, not something I
         | had considered.
         | 
         | Another issue is the dataset used for evaluation here. If they
         | used a sample of the regular English language, that's likely to
         | differ from the sort of typing that a programmer does, not just
         | in punctuation, or it's likely to differ for those who type
         | other languages.
         | 
         | It's a shame the cost of learning a new layout is so high,
         | because there's so much scope to optimise for each person, what
         | they type, how they type.
        
           | eimrine wrote:
           | > It's a shame the cost of learning a new layout is so high
           | 
           | Haven't you mean the cost of _creation_ a new layout?
           | Learning is super easy for any non-QWERTY person because
           | since you have managed to realize that default layout is bad
           | - you have all freedoms possible to fix this obstruction.
           | Sometimes the number of freedoms is too high, that's why it
           | is so hard to create a layout which will be really used by
           | anybody. What about learning a new layout per se - the cost
           | of getting rid of QWERTY in my opinion is doubling for every
           | year of touchtyping QWERTY or QWERTY-like layouts. Layout is
           | something that you will be carrying in all your muscles for
           | the rest of your life but after your first switch you will
           | not consider switching layout that hard especially if you
           | really love your new one.
           | 
           | > Another issue is the dataset used for evaluation here.
           | 
           | A beauty of a layout is kind of a beauty of a girl - it must
           | be measured by heart, not by numbers. Layout is something
           | that you will be carrying in all your muscles for the rest of
           | your life. I do not respect any attempts to fix QWERTY (like
           | Colemak and Workman) because QWERTY is so broken that there
           | are no reasons to fix it (coining more and more of fancy
           | metrics usually) except if QWERTY sits too deep in your
           | muscles. And there is not much difference in using three rows
           | of symbols when somebody either programs or writes a letter
           | to his lovely ones.
           | 
           | > You make a good point about finger strength, not something
           | I had considered.
           | 
           | Maybe yes but maybe I haven't disclose my opinion fully. I
           | used to touchtype Dvorak way before some musical instruments
           | gave additional strength for my fingers and I do not remember
           | any desire to rearrange any letters.
           | 
           | There are lots researches going on for enhancing QWERTY,
           | based on rearranging as few keys as possible. They usually
           | are based on: the datasets, somebody's opinions about finger
           | strength, some ideas of alternation of fingers or hands, now
           | AI has joined to the army of fancy metrics. I do not respect
           | any attempts to fix QWERTY (like Colemak and Workman) because
           | QWERTY is so broken that there is no good reason to fix it,
           | except of for users who have QWERTY sitting too deep in their
           | muscle level.
           | 
           | The Halmak's idea of punctuation in the middle of the board
           | is really interesting, I haven't see this idea on any layout
           | I have tried. But my message is that layouts must be created
           | not by complicated calculation's call but by heart's call.
        
         | vladvasiliu wrote:
         | > Probably it is because I am a piano player since 2016 and the
         | fingers which are weak on average people are not that weak for
         | me
         | 
         | This reminds of my situation. I'm not a piano player, and I
         | used to type with basically two fingers (plus thumb for space
         | and pinky for ctrl/alt/shift). Since I've started trying to use
         | more fingers, I've noticed that using a traditional, non split
         | keyboard, is more painful, because it requires me to twist my
         | wrists sideways. With my old way of typing, I would move the
         | whole hand instead, so the wrist angle would stay roughly the
         | same.
        
           | eimrine wrote:
           | > I've noticed that using a traditional, non split keyboard,
           | is more painful, because it requires me to twist my wrists
           | sideways
           | 
           | I have never used a split (which almost always is an
           | ortholinear and not requires any twist) but my experience
           | tells me than I am twisting not a wrist but only one finger,
           | while 9 others just resting on a home row. I do not
           | understand how it is possible to touchtype while you are
           | twisting your wrists because if your index fingers lose the
           | home row - you have to look at kbd to find it again.
           | 
           | BTW I have noticed that touchtyping on laptop may be harder
           | than on dedicated kbd because comfortable position of display
           | may require an uncomfortable position of wrists and touchpad
           | (if enabled) does even bigger mess.
        
             | vladvasiliu wrote:
             | The split I use is the MS Sculpt, which is regular, not
             | ortholinear.
             | 
             | The only way I've ever used a laptop with a position of the
             | display kinda comfortable while also being able to type was
             | with a bed tablet [0]. I've always actively avoided laptops
             | with numpads, so the keyboard was always well-centered, at
             | least as much as a desktop one, so no issue with staying on
             | finding the home row.
             | 
             | [0] Something like this: https://www.amazon.fr/Cooper-
             | ordinateur-portable-r%C3%A9glab...
        
         | minimilian wrote:
         | > 7531902468
         | 
         | I've been using this (almost) and had forgotten it was from the
         | programmer's Dvorak, but surely it must be:
         | 
         | 7531980246
         | 
         | Surely programmers start counting from 0 and use 0 more often
         | than 8.
        
           | eimrine wrote:
           | > Surely programmers start counting from 0 and use 0 more
           | often than 8.
           | 
           | So interesting that me and you are using the same
           | argumentation for different positions of all even digits.
           | Maybe it is just a matter of habit, for example my layout for
           | my mother language is heavy modified for some reasons I do
           | not want to put on debate.
        
             | minimilian wrote:
             | Not sure what you mean, but don't you agree that, if we
             | take 0 to come before 1 and not after 9, there's an
             | asymmetry between the left and the right hand?
        
               | eimrine wrote:
               | Both yes and not. There is some asymmetry in wrist's
               | angle but there is kind of a symmetry that you have two
               | keys left from our 7 and two keys right from my 8 (your
               | 6). If I understood your POV correctly then you seems to
               | consider the position of [ and ] symbols in Programmer
               | Dvorak as symmetric for you.
        
               | minimilian wrote:
               | No, on a regular keyboard I regard 4 as corresponding to
               | 7, since they are both pressed by the index finger
               | directly above the home position. I see the numbers as
               | split in odd and even between the left and the right
               | hand.
               | 
               | 75319 80246
        
       | AlphaGeekZulu wrote:
       | Alternative keyboard layouts are fascinating, but always raise a
       | couple of questions for me and I wonder if anyone here can come
       | up with actual experiences regarding the following topics:
       | 
       | - I have been using standard german QWERTZ for about 42 years
       | now, in average certainly not less than 3 hours every day. I was
       | originally educated in proper 10 finger blind typing in a
       | dedicated typing school as part of my typesetter apprenticeship.
       | I am typing really fast. Today I am even using "daskeyboard
       | ultimate" - a completely unlabeled keyboard. Is it really
       | possible to improve 42 years typing practice with a new layout?
       | 
       | - Is it possible to be proficient in two keyboard layouts at the
       | same time? I have a partial answer myself. For one, I managed to
       | learn standard Emacs shortcuts (a lot of them!) some of which
       | contradict common OS shortcuts (like copy/paste etc) and I have
       | both sets in muscle memory and I can seamlessly switch between
       | both sets as I switch applications (most of the time that is).
       | And I use three computers with three OSs (Linux, Win, Mac) with
       | one keyboard per Synergy software. Same layout for the standard
       | characters, but different OS specific layouts for special
       | characters like "@", "EUR" etc. I can seamlessly switch between
       | them as well and that is the reason for the unlabeled keyboard. A
       | labeled keyboard would show only one layout and puzzle me if I
       | had to enter special characters for another. So, while I know I
       | can handle some number of characters in alternate layouts in
       | muscle memory - will this be possible for the entire character
       | set as well?
       | 
       | - If you get accustomed to a non-standard keyboard layout, isn't
       | it a problem if you have to use some other computer (where you
       | cannot change the layout) for whatever reason, for example in an
       | Internet cafe?
        
         | carapace wrote:
         | Simple answer is: use (self-)hypnosis.
         | 
         | The motor cortex can be "reprogrammed" (that's a metaphor)
         | pretty easily. You already have the muscle memories, you just
         | need to lay in a new "key map" (that's also a metaphor.)
         | 
         | I'll give you an example of what's possible: I was playing
         | ukulele and a friend of mine said something about playing left-
         | handed (I'm a righty.) I paused, went into a light trance,
         | "rewired" my motor skills from left to right and vice versa,
         | and then opened my eyes, turned over the uke, and started
         | playing left-handed. It took maybe twenty seconds.
         | 
         | (I'm not saying the above to show off. I'm not special. Anyone
         | can do this, you just have to learn how to operate your own
         | nervous system.)
        
           | kortex wrote:
           | That's really impressive. I'm a bit skeptical at first but
           | then I recall I've done similar feats (nowhere near as crazy)
           | from time to time, I call it "jedi mode" when I seemingly
           | just have a huge jump in motor cortex symmetry e.g. when
           | juggling or spinning poi. I also taught myself to write left
           | handed over about a few hours of bored free periods in high
           | school. Quality is noticeably worse though.
           | 
           | Still, switching hands is super impressive. Were you already
           | ambidextrous?
        
             | carapace wrote:
             | Cheers! I really can't emphasize enough that I'm not
             | special, I think anyone could learn to do this sort of
             | thing if they took the time and studied. I just read some
             | books on hypnosis and experimented.
             | 
             | > Were you already ambidextrous?
             | 
             | Nope. I'm right-handed.
             | 
             | Subjectively, I "went in", went through the fingers one-by-
             | one remapping the motions, then opened my eyes, turned over
             | the ukulele, and started playing. It was a little rough
             | compared to the other way for a few moments and then it
             | tightened up and was the same quality. My friend who was
             | watching me was pretty impressed too, but I swear it was
             | easy.
             | 
             | Same thing with martial arts. A friend of mine ran a kung
             | fu studio for many years. I came by to visit one day and
             | participated in an intro class. I could "lay in" the
             | movements he was teaching by imitation and then repeat them
             | perfectly. Again, everyone was impressed and said things
             | like, "I've never seen anyone learn so fast." but it wasn't
             | really learning the way people do it. Just like a computer
             | doesn't need to "learn" a program, it just loads and runs.
             | The real learning already happened back in the day when I
             | learned-to-learn using hypnosis.
             | 
             | It's pretty cool to be able to do this stuff, but as with
             | everything, there are trade-offs: my problems now are
             | boredom and loneliness. I lot of days I feel like a time-
             | traveler from the future. If only people would get a clue
             | and stop running around doing things the hard way...
        
         | godshatter wrote:
         | As for being proficient in two keyboard layouts (I call it
         | "bikeyboardal"), it's definitely possible. I type extensively
         | at work in QWERTY and extensively at home in dvorak. I can
         | mentally switch without taking a hit. Sometimes I'll come into
         | work on a Monday and start furiously typing in dvorak and have
         | to delete it and switch. It's just a mental on/off switch,
         | though. Once I remember to type in the correct layout, I'm just
         | as fast.
         | 
         | It took me a long time to get there, though. As soon as I
         | started learning dvorak I lost most of my proficiency in qwerty
         | and for a long ramping up time measured in weeks, I would be
         | terrible in both. Muscle memory is strong. I kept having to
         | figure out which layout I was using at the muscle/nerve level.
         | So learning a new layout, especially when you've been typing so
         | long, will be a hit on your productivity and will be a lesson
         | in humility (at least it was for me as I naively assumed it
         | would be easy). I'm a touch typist who doesn't look at the
         | actual keys much, if that helps.
         | 
         | The only thing that bothers me about typing in dvorak is that a
         | lot of games or programs want to use WASD or hjkl to control a
         | game or to move the cursor around. I have learned to use dvorak
         | in vim without issue, but if I'm playing a roguelike (angband,
         | for example) I'll switch back to qwerty to make it easier. On
         | the plus side, it completely solved the problem I was having,
         | which was pain in my pinky fingers and the side of my hand.
         | That went away after I added dvorak and never came back.
        
           | prirun wrote:
           | I saw a post on HN a while back and the poster was talking
           | about using pinky for backspace because that avoided twisting
           | the wrist. While that is true, it requires stretching the
           | hand and fingers. To avoid this stretch, you have to move
           | your whole arm.
           | 
           | I hit backspace with my ring finger because while it does
           | require flexing the wrist a bit, it doesn't require any
           | stretching or arm movement (on my hand). I play piano, and
           | figuring out which fingers to use is a big deal to minimize
           | stretching that can lead to tension.
           | 
           | So for anyone stretching their hand or fingers to reach keys,
           | I'd suggest you give a longer finger a try. I touch type
           | also, but never use my pinkies for anything on the number
           | row.
        
             | godshatter wrote:
             | Interesting. I'll do that. I can't hit the key without
             | removing my finger from the 'J' key but I can still do so
             | if I move my wrist and not my arm.
        
               | prirun wrote:
               | You want to remove your finger from the J key. If you
               | don't, you're back to stretching your hand.
               | 
               | Here's an experiment: stretch your hand out as wide as
               | you can and try to move your fingers up and down. Doesn't
               | work so great. Now leave your fingers relaxed, like they
               | are laying on a ball and try the same motion. Much
               | easier!
               | 
               | When I hit Backspace, my index finger is on the bottom
               | edge of the 0 key, where 0, O and P intersect, because my
               | index finger is shorter than my ring finger. While
               | hitting Backspace, all my fingers are straight - no hand
               | stretching. I do have pretty big hands, so that's a
               | factor too. If I wanted to (I don't!) I could leave my
               | index finger on J and reach backspace with my pinkie by
               | twisting my wrist. Or I can leave it on J and stretch to
               | reach BS with my ring finger, but that's an uncomfortable
               | stretch that would put my head in an uproar within a day.
        
         | siver_john wrote:
         | Just to add my two cents as someone who recently switched to
         | Colemak-DH after getting a moonlander (I used a das ultimate
         | for years though), but I am currently typing this on my laptop
         | using QWERTY.
         | 
         | I feel like switching between the two isn't always 100%
         | painless with a small lag time especially if I've been away
         | from one or the other a few days while using the other one
         | predominantly. But generally it's not too bad. The worst of it
         | being typing on my laptop, messaging friends late at night and
         | having a sudden forgetfulness which is easily overcome by just
         | looking at the keyboard for a moment while typing till my hands
         | remember.
        
         | eimrine wrote:
         | > Is it really possible to improve 42 years typing practice
         | with a new layout?
         | 
         | Definitely NO, the reasons I have written down in another
         | branch of this topic. Maybe your grandkids would have a chance
         | to get rid from a layout with "typewriter" word on an upper row
         | for some marketing goals.
         | 
         | > - Is it possible to be proficient in two keyboard layouts at
         | the same time?
         | 
         | I know a guy who uses Programmer Dvorak for emacs and QWERTY
         | for rest of his life. It is hard to understand why he is doing
         | so but I know this is possible. Maybe he just wants to get rid
         | of anything except emacs :)
         | 
         | > - If you get accustomed to a non-standard keyboard layout,
         | isn't it a problem if you have to use some other computer
         | (where you cannot change the layout) for whatever reason, for
         | example in an Internet cafe?
         | 
         | Yes, typing QWERTY is a problem for me, but there are not any
         | Internet cafes nowadays. I mean if I need to enter my email
         | into somebody's device I will do it in one-finger mode while
         | everybody thinks I am kidding. If it is needed to write more
         | than one line on somebody's PC there are always some ways to
         | negotiate.
        
         | adamhp wrote:
         | I think you bring up really great points, and it's probably the
         | main reason there isn't more heterogeneity. There is a nice
         | middle ground though, in customizable keyboards with macro
         | buttons. I have the ErgoDox which is a split keyboard with
         | these columns of three keys on each side of the split, and a
         | cluster of thumb buttons. Really is nifty (once you get used to
         | it) for programming. Even simple things like having one of the
         | thumb buttons be a macro to enter "=>" which I use heavily in
         | JavaScript is really nice.
        
           | AlphaGeekZulu wrote:
           | > I have the ErgoDox
           | 
           | This keyboard sure looks extremely nice! The price tag,
           | though!
           | 
           | On the other hand, the keyboard is my main tools of trade,
           | and the perfect solution is certainly worth a price between
           | 250 to 400 bucks.
           | 
           | I would want to try the hardware before doing the investment.
           | That could actually be a business: renting out keyboards for
           | evaluation.
        
             | gigaflop wrote:
             | I value my input devices, for they are the tools with which
             | I interface to the world.
             | 
             | If you want to dip your toes into custom keyboards, I'd
             | recommend finding some 60%-ish board with hotswap switch
             | sockets, since that will let you experiment with the choice
             | of switches before you have to worry about soldering
             | anything. Plenty of 60s are available as kits, or just
             | interchangeable parts.
        
             | vollmond wrote:
             | I use a Keebio Iris [0] which is similar to a stripped-down
             | ErgoDox. Careful part selection (especially keycaps) could
             | have one for <$150, though you do have to solder it
             | together yourself. I enjoyed the experience.
             | 
             | [0] https://keeb.io/collections/iris-split-ergonomic-
             | keyboard
        
         | gotrythis wrote:
         | I'm 50 and learned to touch type years before there were
         | personal computers. I switched to Colemak a couple of years ago
         | and it took a year to get really proficient.
         | 
         | I can no longer type in Querty, though I have no trouble using
         | swipe keyboards on phones. I'm a faster typer now.
         | 
         | But the real benefit is that it no longer hurts to type. Typing
         | in Querty hurt my hands after a while to the point where I
         | couldn't type or use a mouse. Typing in Colemak fixed that,
         | even though most of my work is on my non-ergonomic Macbook
         | keyboard.
        
           | Toorkit wrote:
           | Everyone thinks I'm crazy. "Just use qwerty, don't be weird.
           | My hands are fine."
           | 
           | But the pain after a few hours typing was horrible, until I
           | moved to Colemak.
        
         | vbrandl wrote:
         | I learned typing on German QWERTZ, too. I started using eurkey
         | [0] a few years ago. For me it hits the sweet spot between good
         | position of special characters used for programming (it's
         | effectively QWERTY in that regard) but with common European
         | special characters easily available. So instead of dedicated
         | keys for a/o/u, it became AltGr+a/o/u.
         | 
         | The switch was not to hard and in the beginning I kept using my
         | QWERTZ keyboard. After about a year I decided to stick with it
         | and bought a QWERTY keyboard.
         | 
         | Having to switch back to the QWERTZ layout of coworkers is a
         | little awkward but it's not too bad.
         | 
         | [0]: https://eurkey.steffen.bruentjen.eu/
        
         | ajdude wrote:
         | About 12 years ago, I quit qwerty cold turkey on an unlabeled
         | das keyboard ultimate for Dvorak and my typing speeds went from
         | about 102wpm to 5. I printed out a label of the layout and put
         | it on a wall a good distance from my chair and referenced it to
         | find the correct keys. It took me about 2 weeks to get back up
         | to 40wpm and another year later I was typing at my normal
         | speed.
         | 
         | I still think it's one of the best layouts; others bring up the
         | home row but Dvorak had a lot of other factors at play too. If
         | you're interested, I highly recommend this 1972 article[0] on
         | the layout, it's quite a story.
         | 
         | One benefit of learning blind without ever using labels was
         | that I can jump on any computer with a qwerty keyboard, switch
         | to Dvorak, and just start typing. I have never ran into a
         | computer that actively prevented me from switching keyboard
         | layouts, and I even have a word processor that comes with
         | Dvorak as an option. Bear in mind, I am still typing on a
         | QWERTY keyboard, but if I type the letter Q, it outputs on the
         | computer a comma.
         | 
         | Most modern games can detect alternate layouts and remap keys
         | automatically, and for those that can't it's not difficult to
         | remap them.
         | 
         | Back to the question of switching though. I went five years
         | exclusively using Dvorak and not QWERTY, and for me that was
         | fine. I will papers, I was programming, and I would simply just
         | switch to Dvorak when I went on a computer that was not my own.
         | The few times I did have to use QWERTY, I would just hunt and
         | Peck. However, I ended up getting a job where they did a lot of
         | deskside support for various clients, and of course I could not
         | just change the keyboard layout on them. At some point, I
         | realized, that I was able to switch my mindset when typing in
         | qwerty, and suddenly I was just as proficient as I used to be
         | in Corti then in Dvorak. You have to have kind of an active
         | change in your brain similar to if you are speaking in a
         | different language. If I'm on a qwerty keyboard I'm in "qwerty
         | mode" and on Dvorak, default mode.
         | 
         | I must warn you, even after two weeks and 40 words per minute,
         | I found Dvorak so comfortable I didn't even care about my
         | typing speed anymore and stopped doing typing drills.
         | Consequently, while I am capable of using a qwerty keyboard for
         | short periods of time, I find typing on one so uncomfortable
         | that if given the opportunity I just switch to Dvorak.
         | Obviously I would not do this on a client's computer, but an
         | Internet cafe is fair game.
         | 
         | I must also warn you that since Dvorak actively spreads the
         | load across all fingers, your pinky may get sore when you first
         | start only because those muscles aren't used to being used. If
         | you're interested in reading my experience, I wrote about it in
         | 2010[1].
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://web.archive.org/web/20190125034817/http://infohost.n...
         | 
         | [1] https://aj.ianozi.com/2010/12/switched-keyboard-
         | layouts.html...
        
           | Jiejeing wrote:
           | > Most modern games can detect alternate layouts and remap
           | keys automatically, and for those that can't it's not
           | difficult to remap them.
           | 
           | I have a wildly different experience, most games never manage
           | to detect my AZERTY keyboard, and some don't even let me
           | remap easily (case in point, stranded deep does not even let
           | you remap or see controls during the tutorial, which was a
           | truly awful experience). Nowadays I force qwerty during games
           | to avoid issues caused by developers not understanding that
           | there are different layouts out there.
        
           | spacemanmatt wrote:
           | That approximately describes my switch to Dvorak. It is so
           | important to leave the keycaps qwerty or blank, and have the
           | Dvorak reference strictly external.
        
             | abecedarius wrote:
             | I also used the external reference while learning (taped a
             | printed-out layout to the top of my screen).
             | 
             | One regret: like the parent commenter, I stopped drilling
             | early when "fast enough". Then I asymptoted to comparable
             | speed to my qwerty days (and greater comfort), but worse
             | accuracy. Years later some further drilling was worthwhile
             | to end up actually better at typing than in qwerty.
             | 
             | Overall I'd say the Dvorak/qwerty diff was enough to
             | justify choosing Dvorak when you start to learn touch
             | typing, but probably not for switching later.
             | 
             | The increment of improvement from Dvorak to a newer layout
             | seems considerably smaller still, and I'd weigh that
             | against universality of support.
        
             | 1MachineElf wrote:
             | I'm in the same boat. Learned Dvorak on a blank keyboard.
             | Even when I was still building muscle memory and typing
             | slow, it was and still is more comfortable than QWERTY.
        
         | V1ndaar wrote:
         | To give my personal impression, as someone who switched to neo
         | [0] about 2 years ago. To be fair I only had about 20 years of
         | QWERTZ & QWERTY experience before that.
         | 
         | 1. For me it took about a year or so until I surpassed my
         | QWERTY typing speed with certainty. I typed about 80-90 wpm on
         | QWERTY and currently type at about 90-100 wpm on neo.
         | 
         | 2. Yes, it's not a big issue. I rarely type QWERTY nowadays,
         | but whenever I have to it clicks after a few minutes and I can
         | type at maybe 70% the speed I typed at before. I'm certain were
         | I to use it more, I would be able to type both at my "native"
         | speeds. I also relearned all my emacs shortcuts pretty quickly.
         | Using emacs is harder on QWERTY now, but fortunately I pretty
         | much never have to do that now.
         | 
         | 3. Due to 2, it's not really a problem. The actual problem is
         | the other way round. You cannot easily give someone else access
         | to your computer. It can be a bit annoying to change keyboard
         | layouts each time someone else wants to quickly use your
         | computer.
         | 
         | Hope that gives some perspective.
         | 
         | [0]: https://neo-layout.org
        
           | 1MachineElf wrote:
           | As someone who switched to Dvorak 6 years ago, I understand
           | there is potential for a lot to be gained by switching to
           | non-QWERTY layouts. I do wonder about what I should try next.
           | Neo is one that looks especially interesting to me.
        
           | AlphaGeekZulu wrote:
           | > I typed about 80-90 wpm on QWERTY and currently type at
           | about 90-100 wpm on neo.
           | 
           | This is really fast and a true improvement. I am currently at
           | 90 wpm and do not feel I could improve that much (German has
           | special characters aouss and a lot of capitals).
           | 
           | > I rarely type QWERTY nowadays, but whenever I have to it
           | clicks after a few minutes and I can type at maybe 70% the
           | speed I typed at before.
           | 
           | Interesting, so it might actually be possible to have
           | multiple sets of muscle memory for the same thing!
           | 
           | > It can be a bit annoying to change keyboard layouts each
           | time someone else wants to quickly use your computer.
           | 
           | Someone else will face much more difficulties using my
           | computer than just the keyboard layout. 30 years of
           | customization have made my computer very individual. ;-)
           | 
           | Thanks for sharing!
        
         | vonunov wrote:
         | Look up Sean Wrona -- one example of typing skill that can't be
         | improved by changing keyboard layouts. People looking into
         | Dvorak are often warned that it isn't a magic bullet to make
         | them faster, only possibly more comfortable.
        
           | AlphaGeekZulu wrote:
           | > Look up Sean Wrona
           | 
           | Yeah, insane!
           | 
           | > People looking into Dvorak are often warned that it isn't a
           | magic bullet to make them faster, only possibly more
           | comfortable.
           | 
           | That is an important point!
           | 
           | First, being fast in a competition is not only a question of
           | fast finger movement, but also endurance and ability to
           | focus. I would classify myself as a "burst" typer - pretty
           | fast (about 460 characters per minute), but only for a short
           | time. Because my typical typing operation is throwing out
           | emails, short reports, jotting down notes and typing junks of
           | code. I am lacking endurance when it comes to continouos
           | typing. Sean Wrona certainly has everything it takes!
           | 
           | And then, of course, comfort is a coequal factor. Comfort
           | means health! Because, when I look at Sean Wrona's shoulders
           | I see a serious malposition. It might not originate from
           | typing, but if it does than the comfort factor has been
           | neglected.
           | 
           | So you are right! Improvement in comfort/health might justify
           | an alternative keyboard layout, even if some speed is lost.
        
         | dangerface wrote:
         | > Is it really possible to improve 42 years typing practice
         | with a new layout?
         | 
         | In my experience with dvorak no after testing for two years I
         | had the same wpm as qwerty. If you can touch type you have
         | maxed out your speed, the tiny reduction in travel time for
         | your fingers just doesn't add up to anything measurable.
         | 
         | > Is it possible to be proficient in two keyboard layouts at
         | the same time?
         | 
         | I can switch between mac and pc layout no problems, but when I
         | learned to touch type on dvorak I forgot how to do it with
         | qwerty. When I used a friends computer with qwerty I was
         | searching for every key with two fingers hovered over the
         | keyboard like a raptor. Maybe others can do it but I defiantly
         | couldn't and found it very embarrassing to not be able to touch
         | type.
         | 
         | > If you get accustomed to a non-standard keyboard layout,
         | isn't it a problem if you have to use some other computer.
         | 
         | Yes! You look like its your first day using a computer. Once I
         | could touch type I didn't really care what the key caps said
         | and its fairly easy to switch between dvorak and qwerty on
         | windows and I don't use other peoples computers often so it
         | wasn't a deal breaker.
         | 
         | The only benefit I seen from using dvorak was that no one else
         | could use my computer, as soon as they realised it wasn't
         | qwerty they ran.
        
           | Jtsummers wrote:
           | > I can switch between mac and pc layout no problems, but
           | when I learned to touch type on dvorak I forgot how to do it
           | with qwerty. When I used a friends computer with qwerty I was
           | searching for every key with two fingers hovered over the
           | keyboard like a raptor. Maybe others can do it but I
           | defiantly couldn't and found it very embarrassing to not be
           | able to touch type.
           | 
           | It takes practice. I switched to Dvorak around 2001/2002, and
           | my QWERTY typing speed dropped from 50-60wpm down to about
           | 10. But I then spent a lot of time in offices and labs where
           | I didn't have control over the computers, they were closer to
           | "kiosk" systems (single-user). I _could_ have added Dvorak,
           | but it would have been a bit rude. If I forgot to change it
           | back it would create confusion. If I had a keyboard shortcut
           | to switch layouts, it could create confusion. And having to
           | manually change it was too tedious to bother with, for me. So
           | I just sucked it up and used Dvorak on my own workstation and
           | at home, and QWERTY in the lab environments. I got my QWERTY
           | speed back up to 50-60, and my Dvorak speed never dropped
           | below 100.
        
       | jonnycomputer wrote:
       | It occurs to me that optimal keyboard layouts depend primarily on
       | use cases: by human language, by activity, and so on. I might
       | well imagine that a Perl-optimized keyboard layout would look
       | different than one intended for writing fiction, and so on.
        
         | gotaquestion wrote:
         | It also doesn't consider two-key combinations, which are key
         | for developers (not just EMACS folks).
         | 
         | Apple's CMD-C/CMD-V is one of the least ergonomic patterns I've
         | encountered in keyboard design compared to CTRL-C/CTRL-V. Yes,
         | I know you can remap keys from within macOS, but it is a
         | nightmare if you are using VNC + Windows Remote to access other
         | machines (granted, that isn't a common use case, but it is
         | mine).
         | 
         | Pinky-C/Pinky-V/Pinky-Esc is a valid pattern for I would guess
         | lots of developers who were raised on Atom/Sublime/VSCode.
        
         | mormegil wrote:
         | That reminds me of keyboard heat maps for programming
         | languages: https://g-liu.com/blog/2013/09/reblog-programming-
         | languages-... (the winner being, obviously, LISP :-))
        
           | tgvaughan wrote:
           | Really cool, but these heatmaps seem to be compiled from
           | source code. I wonder how much the _actual_ distribution of
           | keys pressed would differ. (I use paredit to write scheme
           | code, and I'm assuming IDEs would skew the distribution in
           | other languages.)
        
         | bclnr wrote:
         | I have compared keyboard layouts over several (human, European)
         | languages, and it doesn't vary that much in practice:
         | https://github.com/bclnr/kb-layout-evaluation
        
         | eimrine wrote:
         | I have not seen from your comment where is the difference
         | between layouts for different activities. Isn't Programmer
         | Dvorak enough optimized for Perl? Because for writing some
         | graphomania any Dvorak fits just perfect. I can not even
         | imagine a reason for having several different layouts for same
         | Latin letters.
        
           | MayeulC wrote:
           | APL has had dedicated keyboard layouts since its inception,
           | but that might be a bit unusual.
           | 
           | If you lisp, you might want easily accessible parenthesis. In
           | C, semicolon is useful. Bash uses dollar and sharp a lot.
        
           | OJFord wrote:
           | Presumably not Latin letters so much as special chars used in
           | the language syntax. I suppose there's room for optimisation
           | in Latin chars used in keywords (if applicable) too though.
        
       | baxtr wrote:
       | I love the prominence of the "Swedish Road sign" aka "Command
       | Key" aka "Apple Key".
       | 
       | [?]
        
         | pirkko wrote:
         | Actually "Finnish road sign"
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Looped_square
        
           | lancebeet wrote:
           | Now that the doors of pedantry have been opened, the sources
           | used in the article don't actually specify that it was a
           | Finnish "road sign" first, only that it was first suggested
           | as an official symbol by the Finnish national local history
           | association in the 1950s (having been used in all of the
           | nordics in an unofficial capacity a lot longer), and that it
           | started being used in all of the nordics in this official
           | capacity in the 60s. The sources that say where Susan Kare
           | got the inspiration more specifically than "from the
           | nordic/Scandinavian countries" all seem to state a Swedish
           | road sign, though exactly where she/apple got the inspiration
           | (if they even remember correctly) is probably unimportant.
        
         | progre wrote:
         | "Swedish road sign" as this is the sign for interesting old
         | stuff near the road. Various dictionaries like translate
         | "fornlamning" to "ancient site" or "ancient monument". I think
         | americans have the term "heritage site"? I think thats a better
         | translation.
        
       | js8 wrote:
       | Interesting that ETAOIN SHRDLU seems to be on highly symmetric
       | positions.
        
       | penjelly wrote:
       | people are saying it takes a year to reach proficiency with a new
       | layout. tbh that seems like a really long time for a for someone
       | who types for a living. + 10-15 wpm isnt worth it for me
        
       | ZeroGravitas wrote:
       | This feels like over fitting if it's not allowed to make basic
       | changes like a capslock being control when held and escape when
       | used on its own.
       | 
       | There's a bunch of things like that which would have a bigger
       | impact if they could be measured but are ignored by this
       | methodology.
       | 
       | I use standard Dvorak, but thumb keys are the real game changer
       | (the Kinesis introduced me to them) so CMD keys that act as
       | backspace and enter when used alone are good, as is using space
       | as a shift key to get numbers and symbols.
       | 
       | Two keys (j+k) at once for esc and : and home row mods are other
       | quantum leaps.
       | 
       | Oh and the data is from non-ortholinear keyboards, so will be
       | skewed for non staggered keyboards.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | gillesjacobs wrote:
       | CarpalX [1] is also a keyboard modeling approach that includes
       | typing effort and corpus loading. I would love to hear about the
       | difference in typing effort modeling and approach for CarpalX.
       | 
       | CarpalX is a linear parametrized model with configurable
       | parameters and weights for different types of strokes, so you can
       | weigh the effort. You on the otherhand have made measurements of
       | your hand movement. Very impressive and valuable! In the
       | explainer [2] you mention the datasets briefly skipping over
       | specifics:
       | 
       | - Are the hand-movement metrics a measurement of the center of
       | the hand from an video-based object detector?
       | 
       | - Do you have individual finger detection too (doubt it is very
       | precise due to occlusion)? My guess is relative hand movement is
       | a good approximation of overall finger movement though.
       | 
       | - Any typing effort model based on this data will not be
       | applicable to ortholinear or alternative layout boards such as a
       | split hand (Ergodox, Corne, Moonlander or Plank).
       | 
       | - You briefly mention removing any manually determined effort-
       | based objectives (like those in CarpalX) from the genetic
       | algorithm optimization. You say they are highly similar to the
       | purely trigram data-driven approach, but I am still very curious
       | to see the results with these objectives included.
       | 
       | I am not trying to put you down though: It is still very
       | commendable to research a better layout for the most common
       | staggered 60% lay-out. I have been keylogging myself for three
       | years now and will definitely try out your approach though, looks
       | very promising!
       | 
       | 1. http://mkweb.bcgsc.ca/carpalx/
       | 
       | 2. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pZ40gmfDFfQ
        
       | bobbylarrybobby wrote:
       | One issue I've always had with QWERTY (and probably this new
       | layout as well) is that "similar" letters are often next to each
       | other on the keyboard, making typo detection nearly impossible in
       | English. For instance, in English, many short words with a "i" as
       | the only vowel remain a valid word when the "i" is replaced by an
       | "o" or a "u" -- pit/pot/put, bit/bot/but, tip/top/tup,
       | pig/pog/pug, bitch/butch/botch, etc. This means if you go to hit
       | the "i" key but accidentally hit the "u" or "o" keys, the typo
       | won't necessarily look like a typo to either to the author or the
       | reader.
       | 
       | Similarly with "s" and "d" -- pretty much every verb can be
       | conjugated to end with either an "s" or a "d", so if you press
       | "d" when you meant to press "s" or vice versa, it probably
       | remains a valid verb, and thus is harder to catch.
       | 
       | For these purposes, my ideal layout would have interchangeable
       | letters sufficiently far apart from each other to make typo
       | detection+resolution easier. The most commonly used letters
       | should be surrounded by the least commonly used letters so that,
       | for instance, if you "jqb" I know you meant "job" and not, say,
       | "jib".
       | 
       | This would also make swipe typing on phones far easier to use, as
       | it would be much less ambiguous which letters you were aiming
       | for.
        
         | doubled112 wrote:
         | I've had a number of, perhaps inappropriate, typos in work
         | messages thanks to the letters directly to the left or right.
         | 
         | I'd never thought of optimizing a layout so that typos are
         | obvious nonsense. At the same time, I think I'd find a way
         | regardless.
         | 
         | Some real examples include:
         | 
         | "Any update on your free/busty time?" instead of busy.
         | 
         | "It is just milf kitty indigestion" instead of mild.
         | 
         | You just have to hope your client or coworker makes typos too,
         | and finds amusement in it.
        
         | njsubedi wrote:
         | New idea: AI generated least-error prone swipe keyboard.
        
         | jdc0589 wrote:
         | new idea, ai generated layout to intentionally create the most
         | fun typos
        
       | yewenjie wrote:
       | I am planning to switch to Colemak soon. I would love to know
       | experience reports of users who use this layout as their daily
       | driver.
        
         | lycopodiopsida wrote:
         | I've done Colemak for 2 years and have switched to Colemak-DH
         | since, which is a rather small change. It is not a problem.
         | 
         | The only problem is that if you also use a non-latin layout, it
         | will do a remapping to the latin one for shortcuts. This latin
         | layout was always qwerty under macOS. So, in the end, I've
         | built with Ukulele a custom layout and that was it.
        
         | NoGravitas wrote:
         | I learned QWERTY in high school, and by the end of college was
         | up to around 100wpm. As I started getting older, I had some
         | wrist trouble, mostly from mouse, but also from keyboard, and
         | decided to switch to a more ergonomic layout. It took me a
         | month or so (not full-time use) to get my Colemak speed up to
         | 40wpm (minimal usable), and a couple more months to get it up
         | to 80wpm. I've never really regained my 100wpm speed (been
         | using Colemak for 8 years now), but my wrists thank me. I'm
         | still able to touch-type QWERTY, but I have to look at the
         | keyboard to give me the "context" for it, and my QWERTY speed
         | is today only about 40wpm.
         | 
         | Lately, I sometimes think about going back to QWERTY just to
         | simplify my life; mouse avoidance has been more important to me
         | than keyboard layout switching, I think. But at this point, it
         | would be as much a pain to go back as it was to switch in the
         | first place.
        
         | frisia wrote:
         | I switched late high school to exclusively use Colemak and have
         | since. It's harder to reflect now about the difference of it as
         | it have just became the new normal for me, but I remember my
         | initial reactions after getting fluent in colemak was that: 1.
         | for me personally it didn't improve typing speed significantly
         | 2. It felt much more ergonomic. I don't move my hands as much.
         | 3. this was an unexpected side effect, but I noticed how
         | horrible the symbol layout is for programmers on the default
         | swedish layout. colemak symbol layout is much more similiar to
         | the english qwerty which is so much better.
        
       | tragomaskhalos wrote:
       | As a chronically fat-fingered typist working in English, all
       | those vowels next to each other gives me the willies - far too
       | easy to get the wrong one and for autocorrect to not spot the
       | error. The adjacency of U, I and O on qwerty gives me enough
       | aggro in this regard already.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
       | I like it just because it will annoy fellow vim users who brag
       | about never having to leave the home row to move around a buffer.
       | 
       | (You can remap, but you must also remap your muscle memory)
        
       | alemelis wrote:
       | fwiw, running the same evolutionary algorithm on Julia, Python
       | and C++ files returned this layout                 ` 1 2 3 4 5 6
       | 7 8 9 0 - =         c l r b z ; q u d j [ ] \         s h n t , .
       | a e o i ' \n          f m v w ? y g x k p       11 7 13 14 13 13
       | 9 19 ,  45 | 55       Symmetry: 61 Evenness: 81       Overheads:
       | F:37%, H:12%, S:9%
        
         | jonnycomputer wrote:
         | Now do Perl scripts. (:
        
       | namanyayg wrote:
       | Apart from the technical merits, I always appreciate "hacker"
       | naming of software.
       | 
       | "The name is a combination of HAL-9000, as a reference to the
       | layout being designed by an AI. And, Dvorak as a gratitude to Mr.
       | Dvorak for his dedication to the layouts optimizations process.
       | The letter m in between is just to make it sound nicer. Or is
       | it!?..."
       | 
       | I suppose the "m" is for MadRabbit, the author. Nice touch.
        
         | Findecanor wrote:
         | > I suppose the "m" is for MadRabbit, the author.
         | 
         | My first thought was that he had put "Colemak" into the word
         | mix. (<https://colemak.com/>)
        
         | airstrike wrote:
         | Also kinda makes it sound like "hallmark" which makes the name
         | catchier
        
       | bloopernova wrote:
       | I'd like to see that AI project ran on different codebases. For
       | example, a C++ corpus is going to be weighted differently than a
       | Python one.
        
       | minimilian wrote:
       | Wonder how this compares to QGMLWB, which is also designed by a
       | program.
       | 
       | http://mkweb.bcgsc.ca/carpalx/?full_optimization
        
       | verisimi wrote:
       | Not as good as this! https://www.charachorder.com/
       | 
       | 500wpm apparently!
        
         | mkl wrote:
         | 500wpm for a few seconds to type in a single massively
         | practised sentence. Big discussion from a couple of months ago:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29827461
        
         | xcambar wrote:
         | Is this for real?
         | 
         | To me, it looks way too error prone (3D movement per key...
         | wat) and english only.
         | 
         | I honestly wondered whether it was a stunt from Cards Against
         | Humanity or The Onion.
         | 
         | But if not, you got me curious.
        
           | verisimi wrote:
           | I know what you mean.. but apparently you can buy one! I
           | haven't, so I can't verify it.
           | 
           | And there seem to be training manuals etc.
        
         | ivanche wrote:
         | They need to check marketing copy. "500% less keystrokes" is
         | mathematically impossible. "80% less keystrokes" is.
        
       | mertnesvat wrote:
       | Dvorak is one of the well-known layouts and even now we can't
       | have it on the iPad, so I don't think keyboard layout is only
       | about efficiency it's also popularity and availability.
        
       | codedokode wrote:
       | As we are discussing layouts, I would like to point to a bigger
       | problem (in my opinion) with keyboards: they don't have enough
       | keys.
       | 
       | Let me explain. While Latin alphabet has only 26 letters, many
       | languages have more of them. For example, Russian alphabet has 33
       | letters. Therefore, to fit these letters there must be 7 more
       | keys. But we also need two keys to switch layouts - so in total
       | there should be 9 extra keys.
       | 
       | Sadly, manufacturers (including Apple that claims to "think
       | different", but in this case thinks exactly the same as PC
       | vendors) don't want to add even a single key, instead they put
       | extra letters onto keys with symbols, so you have to switch
       | layouts to type those symbols. Furthermore, several characters
       | like period or comma are located on different keys in different
       | layouts. Guess, how easy it becomes to make a mistake.
       | 
       | Switching layouts is inconvenient. Instead of having two
       | dedicated keys for switching to each language, OS vendors add
       | single switching combination like Shift + Alt (Windows) or Cmd +
       | Space (Mac). Also, on keyboard itself there is no indication that
       | these keys can switch layout.
       | 
       | One could argue that it is difficult to find more space on
       | laptops. Well, I think that this can be solved somehow. For
       | example, one could add an extra row. But it is absolutely
       | possible on desktop PC keyboards, and yet nobody is doing this.
        
         | NikolaNovak wrote:
         | >>Sadly, manufacturers (including Apple that claims to "think
         | different", but in this case thinks exactly the same as PC
         | vendors) don't want to add even a single key,
         | 
         | Realistically, it's the opposite - they look to reduce and
         | minimize keys; Home/End/Pg keys, arrow keys, all are being
         | mangled/reduced/moved/killed. Every manufacturer wants to make
         | its own bespoke layout for every model they make seemingly,
         | presumably in a valiant effort to make muscle memory thing of
         | the past :-) . Standards are for wussies!
        
         | slim wrote:
         | I'd go even further and want a 200 key keboard. to each glyph a
         | separate key. I don't want to switch (I write arabic/latin)
        
       | ekianjo wrote:
       | Why is the enter key and backspace out of scope for optimization?
       | Makes no sense to exclude those.
        
       | eigengrau wrote:
       | An interesting related project is the AdNW (http://www.adnw.de/)
       | layout, which was created by defining metrics based on Dvorak's
       | ideas and running a genetic optimization algorithm on a corpus of
       | German (50%) and English (50%) text.
       | 
       | The symbol layers were copied from the Neo2 layout, which afaik
       | were arranged manually.
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | Does there exist any project like this, but for chords and chord
       | sequences?
        
       | hans1729 wrote:
       | After having tried Dvorak for a couple of days (weeks?) a couple
       | years back, I found my peace with the american default layout.
       | Typing on dvorak was fun, and the learning process was really
       | fun, too - fighting two decades of muscle memory was quite the
       | experience.
       | 
       | But at some point I realized that I now have to adapt all the
       | bindings - without a solution to this, I'm not willing to try out
       | different stuff. I need vi to work out of the box, especially
       | because I also use the vi-bindings in tmux, zsh and firefox.
       | Sigh.
       | 
       | Looks really interesting though.
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | Is it possible to use a keyboard layout when typing text, but
         | revert to QWERTY when doing ctrl+V or other key combinations?
         | 
         | At the most basic level, you could simply have the keyboard
         | layout change whenever Ctrl, Alt, or Meta/Super is pressed...
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | Yes, Mac OS has this built in as one of their Dvorak options.
        
       | kschiffer wrote:
       | I'm three months into colemak now, together with learning touch
       | typing (and switching to vim as main editor).
       | 
       | I've managed to get up to around 50 wpm coming from 75 wpm with
       | normal qwerty without touch typing (just 6 finger freestyle).
       | I've still some time to go to get over my initial typing speed. A
       | really cool thing about colemak for me is replacing caps lock
       | with backspace, which in itself is getting rid of so much
       | finger/hand-travel, but that can obviously also easily be hacked
       | into qwerty as well.
       | 
       | To this point, I don't know if I would recommend switching to
       | anyone for the following reasons:
       | 
       | - You will slowly use muscle memory of normal qwerty, which can
       | become quite awkward whenever you forced to use another computer.
       | It's not like you cannot type it anymore, but you will be quite
       | slow and inaccurate when typing. However, these situation barely
       | exists for me in everyday life.
       | 
       | - Learning the new layout is quite a feat that takes time and
       | daily dedication. I decided early on to use the new layout in my
       | job (frontend dev) which definitely speed up adoption for me but
       | also slowed me down considerably for some days. Even then it will
       | take quite some time to get back to your initial speed.
       | 
       | - Depending on your profession, typing speed may not at all be a
       | bottle neck. This is true for me as a software developer, where
       | you spend the most time thinking about how to solve problem
       | before typing them in small chunks.
       | 
       | - Wrt touch-typing, I weirdly found out for myself that it can
       | actually cause some wrist and hand strain rather than protect
       | from it. To me it feels that by using a lot more muscles to type
       | it also increases chance of wear-and-tear. This is especially
       | true for the pinkies for me, which I never used much for typing
       | before.
       | 
       | Good thing about colemak wrt keyboard shortcuts is that it only
       | changes letters (no symbols, punctuation, etc.) and then as few
       | letters as possible to still achieve the best finger travel. In
       | practice that means that many shortcuts stay the same, e.g. the
       | common ones as CTRL-Z/X/C/A/Q/W etc.
       | 
       | I sort of did the switch as a self-experiment after being
       | intrigued by all the science behind optimized layouts, and also
       | to challenge myself to learn a new skill for the new year. I
       | wanted to learn touch typing after decades of freestyle typing
       | which I increasingly noticed was very error-prone. I figured that
       | learning a new keyboard layout at the same time is a very good
       | opportunity.
       | 
       | Not sure if I will stick to colemak permanently but so far it's
       | still fun to try to gradually improve on it.
        
       | dangerface wrote:
       | I used dvorak for two years got no benefit from it. It was no
       | more comfortable than touch typing on qwerty, words per minute (a
       | pathetic 80) and accuracy was the same.
       | 
       | Switching between dvorak and a qwerty keyboard was impossible
       | even tho I knew how to touch type on both.
       | 
       | The big win from my dvorak experiment was learning that when
       | coding typing speed doesn't matter. I spend more time thinking
       | about my code than implementing it, removing shortened non
       | descriptive variables or functions with long winded names has
       | improved my productivity immensely.
        
       | andai wrote:
       | I used the QGMLWY layout by Carpalx[0] for a year or so. The site
       | is really interesting, worth a read. Afaik they made a list of
       | the most common trigrams (three letter combinations) then used a
       | genetic algorithm to optimize the layout for most of the same
       | factors listed in OP's GitHub Readme (minimizing same finger
       | sequences, certain kinds of movement).
       | 
       | In the end I switched back to qwerty for 3 reasons:
       | 
       | 1. keyboard shortcuts ending up in weird places and behaving
       | inconsistently between programs (at least on Windows, some of
       | them seemed to respond to the physical key rather than the
       | letter).
       | 
       | 1b. so for games i'd be used to WASD but WASD ended up in
       | different places so I'd either have to remap the keys in every
       | game, or switch to QWERTY while using them. Same with browsers,
       | the Ctrl+N and Ctrl+T ended up in weird places I somehow never
       | got used to.
       | 
       | 2. different preferences in terms of how my hands work and how
       | comfortable each key is to access. (e.g. i'd rather move up a row
       | than reach to the middle of the keyboard. Minor but it adds up
       | with use.)
       | 
       | 3. frequently switching devices. I think there was no QGMLWY
       | support for MacOS (but I also recall rearranging my keyboard keys
       | -- perhaps I had switched to Colemak at that point because it was
       | built in.)
       | 
       | [0] http://mkweb.bcgsc.ca/carpalx/
       | 
       | Also somewhat related, regarding programming comfort
       | specifically, something I thought was cool is swapping the
       | numbers and symbols in Vim, so you can access symbols without
       | Shift. I don't use Vim but I kind of wish there was a system-wide
       | toggle for that kind of thing. (Maybe with AutoHotKey, and then
       | porting it to HammerSpoon or whatever the cross-platform one was
       | called :)
        
       | jonplackett wrote:
       | Semi-colon gets pride of place (presumably for coding) but no
       | sign of a hash key
        
         | nolok wrote:
         | I'm not sure ; is due to coding, this keyboard would be
         | terrible for coding (# ? ! % * + | [] { } ...)
        
       | ZephyrOhm wrote:
       | If there's ever an Android keyboard app, I'd love to give it a
       | shot
        
       | addandsubtract wrote:
       | The problem with any non-QWERTY keyboard layout is that all app
       | and web shortcuts go out the window. You want to save an image
       | for the web? Good luck growing a third hand. Want to open the
       | quick menu on a site using [?]+/, but your / key is only
       | accessible using the shift key? Tough luck. Need to change the
       | font size in your editor? Just navigate down these 3 easy sub-
       | menus, because the keyboard shortcut for that is already
       | reassigned to alleviate one of the other 300 broken shortcuts.
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | I've been an emacs user for more than 40 years and have used
         | almost every combination of bucky keys with glyph keys. This
         | just isn't a big deal in practice.
         | 
         | In addition: I see you're a Mac user. The kind of person
         | willing to try this layout is probably willing to reassign all
         | those keystrokes, which is easy (but tedious) on the Mac.
        
         | f1refly wrote:
         | > Want to open the quick menu on a site using [?]+/, but your /
         | key is only accessible using the shift key?
         | 
         | Welcome to the wonderful world of everyone whose countries
         | native layout doesn't have a dedicated key for /, like most of
         | europe.
        
           | ihateolives wrote:
           | Issue is amplified by every additional key needed for the
           | shortcut. Some shortcuts that require 3 keys on US keyboard,
           | may require 4 on non-US and some are downright impossible,
           | because keys cancel each other.
           | 
           | For example I can't do Ctrl + ] because I need AltGr to
           | produce ] and that won't work with Ctrl. Also I cant do Ctrl
           | + ` because ` is dead key for me (it appears only after I
           | type space or any other character).
        
         | ZeroGravitas wrote:
         | There's definitely some issues, but since lots of normal people
         | already use different keyboards for language reasons, this
         | isn't as bad as you make out.
         | 
         | The built in Dvorak on the Mac has an option to let the keys go
         | back to normal for CMD usage, though I prefer learning them as
         | typable letters than physically located chords.
        
         | blacklion wrote:
         | Problem with shortcuts is much deeper if you have more than one
         | layout (say, English and Russian).
         | 
         | It is problem both for MacOS and Windows, my examples will be
         | for Windows, but MacOS has exactly the same problem.
         | 
         | Imagine, you have two keyboard layouts installed: English
         | (standard one, QWERTY) and Russian (standard one, ITsUKEN, but
         | it doesn't matter).
         | 
         | Typical shortcut for "Open File" is Ctrl+O (O is English O).
         | This key in QWERTY is on top row, on the right part of
         | keyboard. Russian layout has letter Shch on same key. You can
         | press Ctrl+O when English layout is active or you can press
         | Ctrl+Shch when Russian layout is active, it will work the same:
         | activate Ctrl+O shortcut, and shows you "Open File" dialog.
         | 
         | Now Imagine you have combination of English Dvorak layout and
         | same Russian ITsUKEN layout.
         | 
         | Open File shortcut now uses DIFFERENT KEYS in DIFFERENT
         | LAYOUTS. When Dvorak is active you need to press Ctrl+O, where
         | "O" is in the middle row, on the left. This key is Russian "Y"
         | in ITsUKEN layout. Sounds good so far. But when Russian layout
         | is active you need to press... Can you guess? No, not Ctrl+Y
         | (where Russian "Y" in ITsUKEN is same key as English "O" in
         | Dvorak), but Ctrl+Shch, as if your English layout is still
         | QWERTY.
         | 
         | It is sick. It makes using shortcuts almost impossible -
         | shortcuts become dependent on current active language!
         | 
         | And what is worse, some programs (Google Docs is one example)
         | refuse to use Ctrl+Ins/Shift+Ins and requires Ctrl+C and Ctrl+V
         | for clipboard operations.
        
         | V1ndaar wrote:
         | This is an almost complete non-issue in practice. It sounds
         | like an expectation someone has that hasn't actually switched
         | to a different keyboard layout.
         | 
         | I'm typing on neo [0] and it's no problem at all.
         | 
         | [0]: https://neo-layout.org
        
           | cyounkins wrote:
           | Wikipedia says this project targets English, but I don't see
           | any way to switch the website language to English so I can't
           | read it.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neo_(keyboard_layout)
        
         | avindroth wrote:
         | This is something people have thought about because it's an
         | obvious inconvenience to anyone trying out, say, Dvorak.
         | 
         | On a Mac, you can use [?] keys as QWERTY, but have Dvorak for
         | everything else. Like the other comment, this sounds like
         | someone who hasn't given an alternative keyboard layout a
         | serious try.
        
         | rak wrote:
         | Yeah out of the box they are poof but I wonder if people would
         | be comfortable with just accessing some of these useful
         | shortcuts in the same positions in another layer?
         | 
         | I experiment around with my layouts and keyboards a little bit
         | so I am probably out of touch.
        
         | gillesjacobs wrote:
         | There really should be a keyboard-shortcut standard. Some sort
         | of configurable mapping of common actions/intents to key
         | combinations that is set by the OS and shared between all apps.
        
         | cyounkins wrote:
         | Many sibling comments dismiss this as a non-issue if you've
         | ever actually tried an alternative layout.
         | 
         | As a Dvorak user on macOS for ~12 years, I do believe it's an
         | issue. I use "Dvorak - QWERTY [?]" as my daily driver and while
         | it works for most applications, it's infuriating for those it
         | doesn't. Sometimes keyboard shortcuts are control/option based
         | without using command, so it's still in Dvorak mode.
         | 
         | In Gimp, the New Image shortcut is [?]-N, which doesn't work. I
         | have to press physical L, which is the key for N in Dvorak.
         | This is common. The apps seem to do some lower-level key
         | detection. https://gitlab.gnome.org/GNOME/gimp/-/issues/3352 I
         | think Fusion 360 does similar, though I don't have it installed
         | at the moment. I have also had trouble with remove desktop
         | applications, which is kind of to be expected but another
         | downside.
        
           | ajford wrote:
           | This is where programable keyboards win out when using
           | alternative layouts.
           | 
           | When the layout is at the hardware level, the OS only ever
           | sees the actual keycode for the N key, instead of an "L"
           | which is later transcribed into "N" by the OS's layout map.
        
         | kortex wrote:
         | I ran into this and I run some flavor of Dvorak on everything.
         | Once I got my Zsa keyboards (first an Ergodox then a
         | Moonlander, I love both but slightly prefer the moonlander) I
         | added a level shift which makes it issue Command+<qwerty
         | letter>. You can do the same with a regular keyboard in linux
         | (haven't tried but I know it's possible with xkb) or mac
         | (karabiner I think?).
         | 
         | I have 16 layers of possible keys activated by thumb chords
         | (though in practice my brain runs out of awareness of different
         | combos far before my ~1000 unique keys). So I just dedicate a
         | layer to this pseudo-qwerty.
         | 
         | Need to get around to writing that emoji layer...
        
       | unkoman wrote:
       | Having a dedicated capslock key seems a bit much.
        
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