[HN Gopher] Microwave ovens and their hazards
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       Microwave ovens and their hazards
        
       Author : trifit
       Score  : 47 points
       Date   : 2022-03-16 20:19 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.ccohs.ca)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.ccohs.ca)
        
       | 52-6F-62 wrote:
       | Yes we need documentation like this.
       | 
       | When I was younger I worked in a warehouse. In that warehouse we
       | had a break room. In that break room we had a microwave that was
       | _not_ in good working order. The mechanism that would stop the
       | machine from emitting microwaves when the door was opened had
       | failed, and instead of fully disabling the machine out of safety
       | it would allow it to continue to run with the door wide open.
       | 
       | One day a coworker had been heating up some food and wanted to
       | check on it, so he opened the door while it was running and stuck
       | his head inside. Right inside. I had to holler at him to stop and
       | pull his head out. Of course he was in no immediate danger, but
       | I'm sure rotating all those water molecules in your brain can't
       | do much good... those things do bake potatoes after all.
        
         | mark-r wrote:
         | Radar operators in the Arctic learned that they could stay warm
         | by standing in front of their antennas. The first microwave
         | ovens were called "Radar Ranges".
        
           | KineticLensman wrote:
           | There is a long standing dispute between WW2 engineers at
           | Raytheon vs. those at the UK's Telecommunications Research
           | Establishment [0] about who was the first to cook sausages on
           | a radar set.
           | 
           | (I previously worked at one of the modern successor
           | organisations to TRE. I distinctly remember as a very young
           | software engineer being told by an elderly staff scientist
           | that his purpose in life "was to help confound the Queen's
           | enemies and keep the poor bugger on the battlefield alive
           | whilst he did so")
           | 
           | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telecommunications_Research
           | _Es...
        
           | aeternum wrote:
           | The fact that these guys are still alive is pretty strong
           | evidence for how safe non-ionizing radiation is, even at high
           | strength.
        
             | 52-6F-62 wrote:
             | At least when you're not sticking your head into a box that
             | is meant to contain those waves and concentrate them in
             | order to heat up water-laden organic matter.
        
               | smegger001 wrote:
               | in my experience they seem to be more efficient at super-
               | heating ceramic plates than water filled organic matter
               | which still manages to be frozen in the center
        
             | yongjik wrote:
             | It's all a matter of degrees. People love to bathe in
             | sunshine, but when someone builds a mirror powerful enough
             | to boil water, it would be wise to keep your head and limbs
             | well out of the focus.
        
           | louky wrote:
           | My grandfather was an EE involved in early radar/microwave
           | comm research and repeatedly used the beams to warm his hands
           | and feet when in the field. He was exposed to who knows how
           | much and developed serious sensory and circulatory problems
           | later in life, as well as an unknown brain issue.
           | 
           | He was also around some of the overly-exuberant government
           | tests of troop exposure to the immediate after-effects of
           | atomic fission.
           | 
           | https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/7/73/Exercise.
           | ..
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | I don't know if that's just me, but I have a reptilian reflex
         | to never put my head in any box or cavity of a powered device.
        
           | 52-6F-62 wrote:
           | A reflex nobody could fault you for having, to be sure.
           | 
           | Leave the rapid heating radio waves for the roti.
        
           | m463 wrote:
           | I've often wondered about putting it between two bluetooth
           | earbuds or next to a cellphone...
           | 
           | I don't know what the orders of magnitude power are, but I
           | wonder about power vs time.
        
           | saalweachter wrote:
           | Take a good look at your hands. Hold them both up, turn them
           | over, study the fingers and the palms and the wrists.
           | 
           | Now decide which one you could stand to do without.
           | 
           | That's the hand you stick into cavities of powered devices.
        
         | somebodynew wrote:
         | The biggest danger is generally to your eyes because they
         | contain significant water content but lack the circulatory
         | cooling found in other parts of the body due to the need to be
         | transparent. Looking into a running microwave with the door
         | open can pose a cataract risk.
         | 
         | https://www.fda.gov/radiation-emitting-products/resources-yo...
        
           | bell-cot wrote:
           | Oh, yes.
           | 
           | Think of what happens to the clear "white" of an egg
           | (proteins + water) when you heat it up.
           | 
           | Which clear parts of your eyeballs (also proteins + water)
           | would you be okay with that happening to?
        
           | causality0 wrote:
           | Interesting. I wonder if looking too closely into a fire
           | carries the same risk.
        
             | somebodynew wrote:
             | Infrared eye protection is important for glassblowers
             | looking at molten glass [1]. Back of the envelope math
             | suggests that an occupation that required staring at an
             | intense fire for long periods of time would violate the
             | same workplace safety thresholds, but I have not been able
             | to locate any studies that specifically investigated
             | looking at fire.
             | 
             | There are a surprising number of different jobs that
             | involve staring at incandescence from molten glass or
             | metal, but I think the most interesting is an operator of a
             | disappearing-filament pyrometer [2].
             | 
             | [1] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S
             | 02755... [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disappearing-
             | filament_pyromete...
        
         | theamk wrote:
         | I wonder how this happened. I repaired two (consumer-grade)
         | microwaves, and both of them had 3 independent switches:
         | 
         | - one was sending signal to controller
         | 
         | - second was cutting power to something (presumably magnetron)
         | when released
         | 
         | - third was short-circuiting magnetron when released, it would
         | cause fuse to blow if it ever got energized
         | 
         | I assume the mechanical parts were aligned such that if you
         | open a door, the second switch was released before the third
         | one.
        
         | skywal_l wrote:
         | Keep in mind that microwaves have lower frequencies than
         | visible light or even infrared.
         | 
         | Radio -> Microwaves -> Infrared -> Visible light -> UV -> X
         | rays -> Gamma rays.
        
       | walterbell wrote:
       | Consumer microwaves use the same frequency as WiFi (~2.4Ghz) and
       | leakage can be measured with EMF meters.
       | 
       | We need an open-source database with test measurements of
       | microwave ovens:                 - new devices (does max leakage
       | vary by country?)       - annual measurements of door seal decay
        
         | syntheticnature wrote:
         | Worth noting that most microwave ovens are made by two
         | companies (only one, in the US), other than some high-end
         | models.
         | 
         | See
         | https://twitter.com/wirecutter/status/1263549250719416321?la...
        
           | bri3d wrote:
           | Panasonic microwaves besides the very cheapest ones are
           | unique to Panasonic and much better than the Midea models. I
           | no longer own a microwave (due to kitchen space, not
           | ideological opposition) but when I did, the Panasonic
           | microwave I owned was noticeably better in every way than any
           | microwave I had owned prior (which it turned out were all
           | probably Mideas).
        
           | aetherspawn wrote:
           | Imagine being able to get a product reliable at that scale.
        
         | mutagen wrote:
         | I have a 5 year old microwave purchased from a retailer with a
         | reasonable expectation of quality (Costco) with no visible
         | issues with the door seal that significantly interferes with
         | 2.4 Ghz WiFi. I'm sure my neighbors don't enjoy the occasional
         | internet issues that must result.
        
           | aetherspawn wrote:
           | Yeah, I was hosting a zoom call once and everyone got kicked
           | off immediately when my flatmate used the microwave to heat
           | up his lunch.
        
         | layer8 wrote:
         | Also Bluetooth. My microwave tends to interfere with my
         | Airpods.
        
       | DantesKite wrote:
       | I find dishwashers to be surprising dangerous. They can catch on
       | fire from the heating element and their failure rate is
       | astonishingly high.
        
         | buescher wrote:
         | I've met folks who've worked in that industry that won't leave
         | one running unattended.
        
       | 323 wrote:
       | Getting burned when taking the food out is a far bigger risk.
        
       | oceanghost wrote:
       | I know this is tangential-- but does anyone know what the normal
       | failure modes of microwaves are like?
       | 
       | 20 years ago I microwaved some leftover macaroni and cheese from
       | just a few seconds-- and it came out absolutely charred.
       | 
       | I was confused but then noticed the microwave making an awful
       | sound--a low rumble--it wasn't supposed to be on at all. Then the
       | sparks started, then the smoke. Unfortunately the plug for it was
       | behind a refrigerator so I ran to the electrical panel to turn
       | the house power off.
       | 
       | I figure some mosfet or something that controlled power must have
       | failed closed or something. It most likely would have burned the
       | house down if I hadn't happened to be right there.
        
       | tejohnso wrote:
       | Sabine Hossenfelder has a great explanation of 5G controversy[1]
       | that is somewhat relevant. Explains why it is probably not
       | dangerous, but also indicates why some additional study is
       | warranted.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FBsP-bmDLOo
        
       | account-5 wrote:
       | I remember when I was younger looking into a microwave that was
       | on, after the door had been smashed (don't ask). I remember my
       | vision going all wavey, proper freaked me out. From this article
       | it sounds like the water in my eyes was being rotated, which is
       | kinda freaking me out again.
        
         | jcl wrote:
         | Wow... that's scary. But I think that when the article talks
         | about water being "rotated", it's talking about individual
         | water atoms, whose rotation would be too small to see.
         | 
         | I imagine that the waviness would actually be due to the change
         | in refraction due to the microwave's uneven heating -- like the
         | waviness seen in the air just above a hot road, or the faint
         | ripples seen at the bottom of a pot of cold water, when you
         | start to heat it on a stove.
        
       | exogen wrote:
       | What's the latest science on microwaving plastic containers? Many
       | now say "microwave safe" on them... did something change, like
       | the research or the plastics used?
       | 
       | Many of my friends still refuse to do it, but I'm not sure if
       | that's still well-founded. My thought process is: well, the
       | lawyers let 'em explicitly print "safe" on there... so they must
       | be pretty damn sure.
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | I think the distinction people need to make is between heating
         | in plastic and cooking.
        
         | wyldfire wrote:
         | The safety they're referring to is whether the container will
         | melt. But plastic leaching into foods is still a problem as far
         | as I know. So I use glass containers for leftovers that I take
         | to work, for example.
        
         | tejohnso wrote:
         | I don't think they have to be pretty damn sure that they're
         | safe.
         | 
         | They only need to be pretty damn sure that they can't be proven
         | to be liable for damage in a court of law.
        
       | macintux wrote:
       | When I was in my teens, we took a class trip to a nuclear reactor
       | being built (never completed) in southern Indiana.
       | 
       | I've long regretted I didn't have a camera with me to capture the
       | large sign on one gate that read (paraphrased): "Danger:
       | Microwaves on premises"
       | 
       | I wasn't sure (still am not) whether they were referring to
       | something industrial, but the thought that household microwave
       | ovens at a _nuclear power plant_ were sufficiently hazardous to
       | require warning signs like that amused me.
        
         | dijonman2 wrote:
         | The sign was most likely for pacemaker patients.
        
           | ortusdux wrote:
           | Are modern ones still susceptible?
        
             | Nextgrid wrote:
             | Aren't they encased in some bio-compatible metal,
             | essentially making them a faraday cage that should be
             | immune even to direct exposure?
        
         | mark-r wrote:
         | I believe they use microwaves for inspecting the welds on pipes
         | and such.
        
           | 52-6F-62 wrote:
           | That's usually x-rayed if it's critical infrastructure AFAIK.
           | Dad was a pipe fitter for Imperial Oil.
        
             | laurent92 wrote:
             | Depends on the size of the cracks you want to observe. For
             | aircraft they use ultrasounds. I assume you dad used x-ray
             | because methane and H2 are extremely small (they can't be
             | contained in, for example, water pipes, so the same goes
             | for diagnostics and wavelengths).
        
       | naoqj wrote:
        
       | smegsicle wrote:
       | is this anti-science, since microwaves are non-ionizing therefore
       | cannot cause cancer or any other ill effect at low doses?
        
         | tlavoie wrote:
         | From, well, reading the article, I'd say no.
        
         | moltke wrote:
         | Careful observation and investigation is never "anti-science"
         | by definition.
        
         | somebodynew wrote:
         | The article seems to be focused on the potential risk of
         | interfering with medical devices using the same frequencies for
         | communication. The more obvious danger of a microwave oven is
         | that you must not stick your hand inside a microwave with a
         | defective door sensor while it is running as it will cause
         | heating in the same way that it can boil a cup of water.
         | 
         | I will note, however, that the statement "microwaves are non-
         | ionizing" does not automatically imply the common follow-up
         | that "the absorption of microwaves cannot have any chemical
         | effect other than indirectly through heating". This is evident,
         | for example, in that proteins in the human eye undergo a
         | chemical change in response to absorbing non-ionizing red
         | light. Whether there is such a thing as a non-thermally
         | microwave-driven chemical reaction is an open question in
         | chemistry [1].
         | 
         | I feel the need to clarify as an addendum that nothing in this
         | post suggests any danger associated with the use of low power
         | microwave radiation from consumer wireless communication
         | electronics.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-thermal_microwave_effect
        
       | nimbius wrote:
       | a major hazard missing from the article: high voltage
       | transformers and capacitors inside can easily generate and store
       | north of two-thousand volts. metal scrappers should take care to
       | de-energize the circuit before diving in.
        
         | janitor61 wrote:
         | Newer microwaves don't use bulky HV transformers + voltage
         | doublers for the magnetron anymore and instead use high
         | frequency power supplies + step up transformers, and are
         | noticably lighter
        
         | someguydave wrote:
         | Yeah that plus they often contain beryllium oxide which is
         | dangerous to inhale as a dust.
        
           | duskwuff wrote:
           | My understanding is that this risk is overstated. BeO dust
           | can be dangerous, but new microwaves no longer use it as an
           | insulator, and the amount of dust which is likely to be
           | produced by breaking the insulator in older microwaves
           | (rather than deliberately grinding it to a powder) is
           | minimal.
        
             | agumonkey wrote:
             | I had the shameful experience of breaking on of this rings.
             | I got so scared from hearing about BeO that I mailed a
             | bunch of safety hazard chemists and doctors. Most of them
             | told me BeO is not used anymore in most kitchen appliances
             | MWO and that it's most probably AlO which is enough to
             | dissipate consumer devices' power. BeO was used in high
             | wattage or military devices. After digging magnetrons
             | manufacturer data sheets I found mentions of AlO and
             | Chromium but no BeO.
        
         | agumonkey wrote:
         | Caps shock can happen so easily. Lots of tutorials online on
         | how to make a discharge rod.
         | 
         | I still have a dozen to make a 10kV ladder one day.
        
       | toothpicked wrote:
       | UHF microwave gun: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FIU8WZR9DNA
        
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