[HN Gopher] Why is it hard to buy things that work well?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Why is it hard to buy things that work well?
        
       Author : davidmckenna
       Score  : 757 points
       Date   : 2022-03-14 23:32 UTC (23 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (danluu.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (danluu.com)
        
       | rawgabbit wrote:
       | What Dan is describing is the triumph of politics over everything
       | else. Deng Xiao Peng diagnosed Chinese society during the Mao era
       | and said the very real inability to contradict the party line was
       | what ailed China. People were not allowed to believe in reality
       | but had to swallow every line from the central committee. This is
       | the Seek Truth from Facts speech that marked the opening of China
       | to the modern world. Corporate America is its own Potemkin
       | village where political lobbyists and legal protections keep them
       | alive despite massive corruption and the harm done to customers.
       | 
       | http://en.people.cn/dengxp/vol2/text/b1260.html
        
       | beaconstudios wrote:
       | one thing you quickly learn from pursuing an academic topic more
       | deeply than surface level is that you often can't trust your
       | perfect-model-based intuition to be correct. I think this is
       | where the Dunning-Kruger effect comes from: people who haven't
       | learned about how their intuitive reasoning is wrong in a
       | specific field, taking a look at it and just saying "oh, it's
       | obvious". For some reason (not sure if it's systemic or just my
       | perception) this seems especially common among STEM-oriented
       | people, and especially directed towards soft sciences and the
       | humanities.
       | 
       | The efficient market hypothesis seems like a perfect example of
       | this over-reliance on assuming paper-thin idealised models
       | actually reflect reality.
        
       | hyperpallium2 wrote:
       | The bit about being unable assess expertise reminds me of
       | Dunning-Kruger, and also The Prince:
       | 
       | > A prince who is not wise can never get good counsel, unless he
       | puts himself completely in the hands of a wise man; but such a
       | man will soon take over his state.
       | 
       | What do you do? Become expert at everything? Form a coalition of
       | experts, who share their assessments? Or... somehow... acquire
       | the ability to assess "expertise" in general, regardless of
       | specific field?
        
         | fallingfrog wrote:
         | I think Elon Musk's big advantage over his competitors is that
         | he has a high enough level of engineering skill to identify
         | talent. Elon himself isn't the best engineer ever born, but
         | he's good enough to know when someone's ideas or designs or
         | plans make plausible sense. Most CEO's of large corporations,
         | even engineering companies, can't do this, and it shows. So
         | they run the company on the basis of making numbers bigger, and
         | making sure that they cut costs enough to turn a profit each
         | quarter, which eventually runs the company into the ground.
         | They don't pay attention to the ground reality of what the
         | company is actually doing, and only govern on the basis of what
         | the stock price is doing, because the ground level reality is
         | inscrutable and meaningless to them.
        
       | billybuckwheat wrote:
       | Because more than a few people buy something because of it's
       | (low) price. When something is inexpensive, it often has a
       | shorter lifespan and you tend to replace it more frequently than
       | you would a more expensive item.
       | 
       | Admittedly 1) not everyone can afford something pricier, and 2)
       | higher cost doesn't always mean better quality. On top of that,
       | if manufacturers made things that lasted forever, they'd go out
       | of business quickly. Who'd buy a replacement, or something newer,
       | if item X is still going strong after 10 years or more?
        
       | mlanett2 wrote:
       | This article is long but excellent. It is something of a rant
       | rather than an article. Still excellent.
        
         | SquibblesRedux wrote:
         | I would like to see the essay revisited in a more cogent way.
         | There are massive differences between local business
         | disappointments and global business disappointments. The essay
         | is too unfocused to draw actionable conclusions and would
         | benefit greatly from concentrating on more specific issues. I
         | would recommend focusing on one specific point of advice and
         | tailoring everything to support that one point.
        
       | lifeplusplus wrote:
       | My grandma had old stuff that was built like a tank.. AC that
       | worked for 40 years, bulbs that still work, Fridge that has been
       | working for 50 years, sewing machine also 50+, TV (huge bulky)
       | still working, fans, etc..... I bought a coffee grinder from
       | Amazon few days ago, it broke on the first try, like completely
       | obliterated.
        
         | adhesive_wombat wrote:
         | From an energy perspective, a 50 year old fridge is likely not
         | great and probably a new one at some point would have paid for
         | itself (and it's carbon footprint).
         | 
         | There was a story[1] about a guy who kept the same heating
         | boiler for nearly 50 years. Can you imagine how much more he
         | spent on fuel in that thing for 50 years compared to changing
         | to a combi at some point? Condensing boilers are 90+%
         | efficient, who knows what that is.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-england-devon-50733890
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | the_jeremy wrote:
       | He talks a lot about how other companies are incompetent or
       | inefficient and says that this is why it is often better to build
       | in-house. I think the reason this doesn't happen to the degree
       | that would be most efficient is people assume the counterparty
       | business is acting in long-term self-interest as a single unit
       | (i.e., a business with a reputation to maintain). In-house,
       | there's almost always someone you can get in touch with has the
       | ability to enforce this behavior on your counterparty - when
       | you're buying something externally, that's not the case. There
       | are so many examples of large, well-known brands that made a name
       | in quality and then sacrificed their reputation to cash in.
        
       | impalallama wrote:
       | > [It] involve companies being efficient and/or products being
       | basically as good as possible because, if it were possible for
       | them to be better, someone would've outcompeted them and done it
       | already.
       | 
       | Must be a generational thing but I don't think anyone i know (ie
       | under 30) genuinely believes this anymore.
        
         | cosmojg wrote:
         | I think the more correct statement is that products are as good
         | as _profitably_ possible and no better. If the margins on a
         | better product aren 't large enough to justify spinning up a
         | new business just to sell it, the existing product will remain
         | as it is indefinitely. To top it all off, consumer expectations
         | can be surprisingly low. It's often the case that no one even
         | _wants_ or _knows to want_ a better product, let alone being
         | willing to pay for one.
        
           | banannaise wrote:
           | And then the operative problem there is that there are entire
           | industries devoted to creating knock-offs that are slightly
           | cheaper, much better marketed, and don't work, which end up
           | replacing the good-as-profitably-possible product because
           | they're more profitable and marketing subsumes consumer
           | feedback.
        
           | marcusverus wrote:
           | I think you're right--particularly w/ regards to consumer
           | expectations being low. I'm a part of this problem as well--
           | when making purchases, price is almost always the deciding
           | factor.
           | 
           | It's also worth noting that "as good as possible" and "as
           | good as profitably possible" aren't just two flavors of the
           | same principle w/ regards to quality--they're directly at
           | odds. I'll prove this (with scientific finality) via an
           | anecdote about toys.
           | 
           | My kiddo was gifted a little Fisher-Price school bus that was
           | made in 2005.[0] It's pretty neat! As you roll the bus
           | forward, some internal mechanism causes the driver to turn
           | left and right (making it look like they're turning the
           | steering wheel back and forth), and the passenger seats to
           | move up and down (a dope allusion to the classic kid's song,
           | 'The Wheels on the Bus', in which, as the wheels of the bus
           | go 'round and 'round, the people on the bus go up and down).
           | It's clear that this product was lovingly designed, with
           | playful curves and playful details, like the face of the bus.
           | The wheels not only have hub caps, but the shape of the tires
           | even mimic a pneumatic bulge! The space inside of the bus is
           | even big enough to accommodate human hands!
           | 
           | More recently, she was gifted a newer version of the same
           | toy.[1] It's smaller in every dimension, and flimsier. The
           | slick design is gone, replaced by simple, boxy one. The
           | little things that I loved about the old bus are gone--the
           | wheels are now a single piece of plain molded plastic. While
           | the wheels of the bus still go round and round, the people on
           | the bus, alas, do not go up and down.
           | 
           | It's fine, as far as toys go--the kid probably doesn't notice
           | a difference. But it's clear that the guiding principle in
           | the evolution of this product is not only _not quality_ , but
           | something that is directly in conflict with quality.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.ebay.com/itm/304338207633 [1]
           | https://www.walmart.com/ip/Little-People-Sit-With-Me-
           | School-...
        
       | cwkoss wrote:
       | I think these sorts of failures of 'common sense' are common
       | among people who have studied economic theory. Economic theory
       | often does a decent job at describing steady states: where the
       | asymptote will eventually land, but does a very poor job of
       | describing the chaotic middle steps, IMO.
       | 
       | If you chop a 10 huge trees down in a forest, an economist would
       | tell you "There should be 10 300-year old trees here". That may
       | be true in 300 years, but the procession of species in the
       | 300-year interim will be much more interesting, and understanding
       | that tells you much more about ecology than knowing the eventual
       | result. And the forest may not last 300 years before conditions
       | change so significantly that it invalidates the prediction.
       | 
       | Similarly, the efficient markets hypothesis really breaks down in
       | the modern era, because market conditions don't ever experience
       | an unperturbed steady state. Technology, politics, availability
       | of expertise, and shifting social norms rearrange the foundations
       | more frequently so equilibrium is never reached.
       | 
       | Any long-term theoretical predictions on quality or efficiency of
       | CRT monitors or horseshoes or fondue pots converging to an
       | efficient ideal state were nonsensical and doomed from the start:
       | the market conditions around them changed faster than the market
       | is able to adapt.
        
         | quickthrower2 wrote:
         | Perfectly rational Austrian spherical cows, we are not.
        
       | nonrandomstring wrote:
       | This article is just so rich it could become a book. It reminds
       | me of Applied Systemantics by Gall.
       | 
       | It's really a list of psychopathologies, misunderstandings,
       | erroneous thinking and gotchas that lead to poor quality. Among
       | them are economic fallacies, biases, abusive power relations,
       | cultural malaise, and FOMO.
       | 
       | In the end I think what the author is saying boils down to
       | Sturgeons Law, that 99% of everything is rubbish and that it's
       | our fault. We get the quality we deserve, because we are lazy,
       | entitled and much more stupid than we think we are. Such is the
       | nature of mass culture and everything else is an outlier.
        
       | mbg721 wrote:
       | My theory is that it's because the end-user is less familiar with
       | how household goods and machines work than in prior generations.
       | With chips in everything, it's hard to tell at a glance what's
       | good and what's rubbish; you can't kick the tires. Even if you
       | could, there have been a couple generations where buying stuff
       | new has been cheaper than repairing it, so knowing how to sew or
       | fix a dishwasher isn't the value proposition that it once was--
       | and that stuff has become as cheaply made as possible as a
       | result.
        
         | gchamonlive wrote:
         | Companies also actively make their products obscure or withhold
         | replacement parts to force new purchases. This has a lot to do
         | with right to repair.
        
           | mbg721 wrote:
           | They can only get away with it because they know most of
           | their customers wouldn't do their own repairs anyway. In
           | 1950, they'd say "Screw you then, I'll make the part in my
           | garage."
        
       | nazgulnarsil wrote:
       | Living in a low and deteriorating trust society has many non
       | obvious knock on effects that are hard to see from the inside.
        
       | IncRnd wrote:
       | > There's a cocktail party version of the efficient markets
       | hypothesis I frequently hear that's basically, "markets enforce
       | efficiency, so it's not possible that a company can have some
       | major inefficiency and survive".
       | 
       | That's _not_ the efficient market hypothesis but a complete
       | misunderstanding. The hypothesis is that the market (not products
       | as you assume) are efficient, leading to the optimization of
       | share prices to reflect reality. [1]
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://www.investopedia.com/terms/e/efficientmarkethypothes...
        
         | unlikelymordant wrote:
         | Your quote does say its a "cocktail party version" which sort
         | of implies its not going to be very good
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | erosenbe0 wrote:
       | I didn't get very far because Silicon Valley is very
       | discriminatory and I can't stomach the denials. There was a long,
       | sordid history of preventing Blacks and other people of color
       | from buying. There were few opportunities to participate in the
       | wealth engine compared to the nominal chances in a place like NYC
       | where the most impoverished tracts in America (Bronx) were just a
       | subway ride to Wall Street.
       | 
       | So yeah, Silicon Valley undercuts itself on talent, quality,
       | ethics, equity and the like and always has.
        
       | ephbit wrote:
       | Just picking a passage from the top of the article:
       | 
       | > There's a vague plausibility to that kind of statement, which
       | is why it's a debate I've often heard come up in casual
       | conversation, where one person will point out some obvious
       | company inefficiency or product error and someone else will
       | respond that, if it's so obvious, someone at the company would
       | have fixed the issue or another company would've come along and
       | won based on being more efficient or better.
       | 
       | ---
       | 
       | This sounds like the question whether the market mechanism that
       | ought to remove grave inefficiencies is actually working because
       | there appear to be many examples where it looks like it's not.
       | 
       | My explanation for why the market actually works and we can
       | _still_ see those inefficiencies:
       | 
       | Complexity.
       | 
       | The reason why - even though the mechanism of the market making
       | efficiency a necessity (to not be replaced) is working correctly
       | - we often see inefficiency, is that a complex world enables
       | niches for inefficient unnecessary complexities to exist, where
       | they can consume resources without being easy to remove.
       | 
       | The more complex the environment, the higher the number of
       | possible/existing additional overhead and inefficiencies.
        
         | snarf21 wrote:
         | I think complexity is definitely part of it but it is also mis-
         | aligned incentives. The person running an assembly line has a
         | vested interest in changing _nothing_. Everyone knows how it
         | works and consistency sometimes is more important than raw
         | efficiency. If they change something and if breaks the machine
         | or they have a month of lower productivity, they don 't get a
         | promotion and/or bonus. Why would they risk it? Plus, people
         | generally hate change.
         | 
         | You actually have to have someone whose job it is to look for
         | inefficiencies. Someone who goes and talks to everyone on the
         | line because they are the ones that really know. Someone who
         | also recognizes that a 5% improvement in one area may not be
         | worth the risk but a 1% improvement somewhere else may be. Just
         | like staff scheduling: do you schedule the bare minimum of
         | staff? What happens when 3 people next to each other all get
         | the flu? Now where are you? Are you better off normally over-
         | staffed and constantly cross-training? Most companies make
         | money despite their operations. This is where Amazon has taken
         | over the world, they have that as a core goal and corporate
         | focus.
        
           | ephbit wrote:
           | > I think complexity is definitely part of it but it is also
           | mis-aligned incentives. The person running an assembly line
           | has a vested interest in changing nothing.
           | 
           | Is this really a case of mis-aligned incentives though?
           | 
           | The person running the assembly line has an interest in the
           | business model of the company not being destroyed, because
           | their salary depends upon it working. So they'll try to
           | prevent the worst (to the business model) from happening.
           | Risking to break some important production process for a
           | lousy low percentage potential gain in efficiency sure
           | doesn't seem to be in the interest of neither the individual
           | person, nor the company, nor the customer.
           | 
           | As you write: the risks and benefits need to be carefully
           | weighed perpetually .. simply an ongoing optimisation.
        
       | lordnacho wrote:
       | It comes down to information having a cost. Noise is everywhere
       | in the market. For instance the lawyer who spends the most money
       | on advertising on the radio might not be the best guy to do your
       | case.
       | 
       | Information also decays. Yesterday's best burger in town may not
       | be today's.
       | 
       | EMH is basically wrong. Like the pre-relativity concept of
       | absolute time and space, it sounds like it should be right under
       | certain conditions, but unlike the physical analogy we live in
       | the inefficient information world mostly.
        
       | rob_c wrote:
       | Lack of professionalism and following through with promises at
       | scale sound like massive reasons for this. I say think of ant
       | colonies, especially in the work from home era (I'll have some
       | grace to beg the sensible people lets ignore covid rather than
       | the authors ranting).
       | 
       | Ant colonies are hugely successful yet estimates are only about
       | 1/3 of workers actually work. There is no 'ant-police' there is
       | no 'don't work no food', this is just the way that it ends up.
       | 
       | In human situations I can count from experience being one of that
       | 1/3 that work a lot even out of hours or when left un-monitored I
       | know I'm in a minority because I'll throw up an experimental full
       | stack deployment in a week with new toys/tooling/features and run
       | into meetings to listen to someone winge about having difficulty
       | in deploying a new ssl cert on an nginx box entirely because the
       | instructions are only 3-4 months out of date.
       | 
       | This used to drive me nuts but I've come to accept humans at
       | scale are mote like ants. This even applies to the good ones.
       | They're normally only working 1/3 of their time, hence why
       | project management needs to more accurately account for this
       | rather than thinking they can encourage the average person to be
       | the super-geek who has fun turning on the light using https-over-
       | dns-over-shoe-string one weekend because they simply wondered if
       | they can.
       | 
       | People unfortunately then take this as an insult that I'm
       | comparing to them as ants.
       | 
       | My response is, if you understand this correctly you've
       | identified you're a normal rounded human being, congrats, enjoy
       | this and go contribute to society in the way that makes you
       | special.
       | 
       | If you are insulted that I've identified you're working 1/3 of
       | your time, either a) you're striving to be a super-nerd when
       | you're not, please consider changing, this isn't healthy for you,
       | or b) you are actually one of these super-worker people and get
       | annoyed at the rest of the system like me, try moving into a
       | career where you enjoy your work rather than trying to be the
       | next millionaire, unless you love working in the markets, in
       | which case, go for it and have fun :)
        
       | mschuster91 wrote:
       | > Amazon knew that the courier service they were using didn't
       | really even try to deliver packages4 promptly and the only short-
       | term mitigation available to them was to tell support to tell
       | people that they shouldn't expect that packages have arrived when
       | they've been marked as delivered.
       | 
       | Well, that's partially the fault of Amazon for paying absolute
       | shit on parcel contracts that literally cannot support a parcel
       | business. When the incentive for the parcel delivery service is
       | to mark a package as delivered to get money from Amazon and at
       | the same time hold the packages for one to three days to group
       | them by recipient, _of course_ this is what will result!
        
       | Strilanc wrote:
       | It's pretty depressing how many of the comments are purely
       | answering the title and not discussing the content of the
       | article. In particular, the comments seem mostly focused on
       | consumer product build quality whereas the article is more
       | focused on e.g. businesses trying to outsource something (like
       | same day delivery) and getting a worse result even when they pay
       | more than doing it internally. And the cultural obstacles that
       | make these problems difficult to fix or even sometimes perceive.
       | 
       | I will note that I often wish Dan Luu was a bit less apparently-
       | uniformly-confident in some of the statements he writes. He does
       | back up what he says, but he'll use the same tone for something
       | he's seen anecdotally and something he's spent a month personally
       | investigating.
        
         | klodolph wrote:
         | > ...he'll use the same tone for something he's seen
         | anecdotally and something he's spent a month personally
         | investigating.
         | 
         | A.k.a. "avoiding weasel words". I don't mean to be clever here,
         | it's just that it's _far_ more efficient to assume that reader
         | can make their own informed decision, and give them citations
         | & instructions for reproducibility to help them along the way,
         | rather than shovel a bunch of weasel words into the parts of
         | your writing that are less grounded in reproducible facts.
         | 
         | There are also different expectations for blog posts and
         | heavily researched&vetted articles.
        
           | Centigonal wrote:
           | I don't think what you're calling weasel words are weasel
           | words.
           | 
           | "Up to 50% faster!" is weasel wording. It says "slower or
           | faster, but not more than 50% faster," but it sounds like
           | it's saying faster.
           | 
           | What GP is asking for is calibrating for uncertainty. Phrases
           | like "I've seen this tendency in multiple teams I've been
           | part of," or "study[ref] after study[ref] has confirmed this"
           | help clarify what premises and hypotheses are well-supported
           | by prior work/experience and what is the author's
           | speculation. IMO It serves a useful purpose!
        
             | klodolph wrote:
             | > IMO It serves a useful purpose!
             | 
             | I have to disagree! I simply do not understand what useful
             | purpose it serves--IF we are allowed to assume that our
             | readers have a proficient level of prose literacy. The
             | default assumption, when someone is talking or writing, is
             | that they are communicating their own opinions and
             | thoughts, experiences, anecdotes.
             | 
             | I don't know about you, but when I think back to taking
             | writing classes in school, if I wrote something like "I've
             | seen this tendency in multiple teams I've been part of" in
             | my paper, any good writing teacher I've ever had would
             | cross it out. Same as "it is my opinion that" or "I have
             | recently started to form some beliefs in the matter at hand
             | after reviewing some materials that came into my
             | possession" or other... filler. It pads out the document
             | and only tells us things that we _should_ already know, or
             | be able to figure out.
             | 
             | The ability to sort out opinions and anecdotes from factual
             | claims and evidence is... well... something you'd expect
             | from a proficient reader!
        
               | Centigonal wrote:
               | I feel like I'm missing something here.
               | 
               | > The ability to sort out opinions and anecdotes from
               | factual claims and evidence is... well... something you'd
               | expect from a proficient reader!
               | 
               | How does a proficient reader separate facts from opinions
               | if good writing doesn't disambiguate facts and opinions?
               | Do they just assume?
               | 
               | e.g.: Butter is about as healthy as vegetable oil.
               | Arugula is healthier than lettuce.
               | 
               | I can cite a meta-analysis for one of the above
               | statements. The other is just my opinion, and I have done
               | no research into the topic. How would a proficient reader
               | tell them apart if there's no calibrating for
               | uncertainty?
               | 
               | Side note: I went through the original blog post again,
               | and there are lots of examples of Dan Luu doing exactly
               | what I'm writing about, to the point where I'm confused
               | why the original commenter thinks he's _not_ using a
               | different tone based on uncertainty.
               | 
               | Examples:
               | 
               | "I once watched, from the inside, a company undergo this
               | cultural shift"
               | 
               | "I've both worked at companies that have tried to
               | contract this kind of thing out as well as talked with
               | many people who've done that"
        
               | klodolph wrote:
               | > How does a proficient reader separate facts from
               | opinions if good writing doesn't disambiguate facts and
               | opinions? Do they just assume?
               | 
               | Facts and opinions are not different qualities of the
               | same claim, but different claims to begin with. "Butter
               | is about 18% water, by weight" is a factual claim and
               | "butter is about as healthy as vegetable oil" is probably
               | opinion because the word "healthy" is, well, often vague
               | and not something people agree on, at least in this
               | context.
               | 
               | > Side note: I went through the original blog post again,
               | and there are lots of examples of Dan Luu doing exactly
               | what I'm writing about, to the point where I'm confused
               | why the original commenter thinks he's not using a
               | different tone based on uncertainty.
               | 
               | Yes, I get a sense that there may be some more cogent
               | complaint that the original commenter has, a complaint
               | which provoked the comment, but I can't figure out what
               | that complaint is from the comment.
               | 
               | Just that people who complain about tone often have
               | something else to complain about, but tone is more
               | obvious.
        
               | ketzo wrote:
               | Nothing in Dan Luu's writing is ever ambiguous. Quite the
               | opposite.
               | 
               | He just writes in the same _voice_ for both researched
               | facts /studies and personal anecdotes. But it's always
               | very clear which is which, and an informed reader should
               | (IMO) not have a problem differentiating.
               | 
               | The commenter you're replying to is objecting to
               | unnecessary couching and cloaking of opinion/anecdote.
               | And I think there's very, very little of that in Dan
               | Luu's writing -- and it comes off as a "matter-of-fact
               | tone."
        
               | ahel wrote:
               | I disagree. it sometimes gives me that feeling as well
               | even though I like the guy and his blog. i don't know if
               | it's a cultural thing. i'm no native english storage
        
               | scarecrowbob wrote:
               | "The ability to sort out opinions and anecdotes from
               | factual claims and evidence is... well... something you'd
               | expect from a proficient reader! "
               | 
               | The ability to communicate the level of confidence in a
               | statement is something I hope for in proficient
               | communicators.
        
               | alecbz wrote:
               | People hold beliefs of different levels of confidence. I
               | have some opinions I'm very confident in and others that
               | are merely vague hunches. My level of confidence in
               | something is the signal I'm trying to convey, not merely
               | the fact that it is my thought at all.
               | 
               | It can also be useful to communicate brief info about
               | _why_ I have a particular confidence level. "I had a
               | friend who..." vs "I've seen several times..." vs
               | "Several studies have found..."
               | 
               | > when I think back to taking writing classes in school
               | 
               | Yeah I think most of that stuff was bullshit. Or, being
               | more charitable, they were trying to convey a general
               | idea like "don't _overly_ hedge" with a coarse rule like
               | "never use hedging language".
               | 
               | I think most writing "rules" tend to be coarse
               | approximations at what good writing really is. Another
               | example is "give your essays a general structure,
               | introduce your main point, etc." => five paragraph
               | essays.
        
               | klodolph wrote:
               | I hedge a lot in HN comments. Uncharitably, because I'm
               | thinking defensively about how people respond to my
               | comments. Charitably, because it's more accurate that
               | way.
               | 
               | Long-form content suffers from hedging more that HN
               | comments do. As a writer, you may think highly of your
               | confidence level, and you may want to communicate the
               | difference between a claim that you're confident about
               | and a claim that you are unsure about, but the right way
               | to do that is to provide the information necessary for
               | other people to come to the same conclusion. If that's
               | not possible, or it's not germane, or you're just busy
               | doing something else, then you don't do it, and that's
               | okay. It's often just irrelevant for people to understand
               | how much you believe something.
               | 
               | The tradeoff I see here is between clarity and precision.
               | If you focus too much on precision, the clarity of
               | whatever you're trying to say suffers.
        
           | TOMDM wrote:
           | I agree some people hide behind uncertainty and "weasel" in
           | order to avoid accountability for anything they say.
           | 
           | What that requires though is they caveat everything.
           | 
           | I really respect people who say they are 99% sure and 60%
           | sure when appropriate.
           | 
           | It requires a level of honesty not just to the audience but
           | to the self to admit openly what you are and aren't sure
           | about.
        
             | klodolph wrote:
             | Is it more honest? Or is it just more self-centered, or
             | more defensive, or more timid? Are you admitting that you
             | aren't sure about something, or are you brazenly assuming
             | that people care about how confident you are about things,
             | or are you defensively trying to say the least possible?
             | 
             | Framing this as a matter of "honesty" is, well reductive.
             | 
             | Your confidence is irrelevant to the discussion, unless
             | there's some particular reason which makes it relevant. A
             | good reader should not hang much weight on your confidence
             | anyway.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | > Is it more honest? Or is it just more self-centered, or
               | more defensive, or more timid?
               | 
               | Yes it is more honest. Pretending certainty where you
               | don't have none is lying and pretty often has exact that
               | effect. It is way more egoistic and self centered to act
               | with certainty just so you dont look "defensive" or
               | "timid".
               | 
               | Because then you are exchanging truth for feeling good
               | from appearing strong.
               | 
               | > are you brazenly assuming that people care about how
               | confident you are about things, or are you defensively
               | trying to say the least possible?
               | 
               | This does not make any sense as accusation. You are
               | expressing level of confidence. You can do that
               | independently of whether "people care". It is also
               | perfectly OK to defensively say the least possible.
               | Literally nothing wrong with that.
               | 
               | Aggressively saying maximum, even if you know it is
               | likely half truth at best, is much much worst.
        
           | randallsquared wrote:
           | I'm not sure "efficient" is the word you're looking for here.
           | For a given post, there's only one of the poster, and
           | presumably many readers...
        
             | klodolph wrote:
             | You're going to have to explain more of the argument,
             | because I don't follow.
             | 
             | It sounds like you are arguing that writers should spend
             | more time spelling things out for readers which aren't very
             | good at reading comprehension. That doesn't seem very
             | efficient--it wastes most people's time, since the writer
             | is spending more time spelling things out explicitly and
             | avoiding ambiguity, all of the readers with decent reading
             | comprehension skills have to spend more time sifting
             | through crap that doesn't add value to the text (for them),
             | and only the people with lower reading comprehension skills
             | get any benefit. People with lower reading comprehension
             | skills are less likely to be reading text-heavy blogs in
             | the first place!
             | 
             | The following claim may be controversial--generally, there
             | is a tradeoff between clarity and precision, and the right
             | tradeoff depends on the context and what your goals are.
             | The internet, and forums like HN, distort our _perception_
             | of where the correct tradeoff is, because the people
             | complaining about lack of precision are the loudest. You
             | should be aware of who your audience really is... is it
             | people capable of interpreting claims in persuasive
             | documents? Or is it people who decide to complain on HN?
        
               | lanstin wrote:
               | I think the additional clarity benefits smart people too.
               | And fast readers can read faster over text with
               | redundancy than maximally cryptic prose.
               | 
               | The sweet spot of course is a short, clear and correct
               | explanation, but finding that can take a lot of effort.
        
           | Strilanc wrote:
           | Giving a confidence level is different from using weasel
           | words. Weasel words make statements weaker or even vacuous.
           | Confidence levels make statements more precise. Here's an
           | example:                   statement: Alice stole the
           | briefcase              +weasel_wording: I think it's possible
           | Alice could have stolen the briefcase
           | +confidence_level: I'd bet 5:1 that Alice stole the briefcase
           | 
           | Also note that I didn't say I wanted Dan to write _less_
           | confidently. I wanted him to convey _more varied_ confidence.
        
             | ako wrote:
             | If there is any doubt regarding the stealing, then in this
             | example i prefer the weasel wording version. The first one
             | is incorrect, the last one you're suggesting an accuracy
             | that you can't really back up, in order to convince
             | someone.
             | 
             | So in this case the weasel wording doesn't make the
             | statement weaker as it shows strength to admit you may be
             | wrong.
        
         | hffftz wrote:
        
         | balaji1 wrote:
         | You are depressed for other reasons. People read the title and
         | connected more with the title than the hard-to-read and dense
         | article. If anything, call it a click-baity title.
         | 
         | It is hard to buy consumer products that work well also. Look
         | at the number of things you order on Amazon, and see how
         | satisfied you are with stuff. All the synthetic material low-
         | quality stuff.
        
           | wittycardio wrote:
           | So not only did you not read the article , you are offended
           | at the idea that you should have to read the article at all ?
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | throwaway984393 wrote:
         | Consumer product build quality and outsourcing quality are the
         | exact same problem. Somebody is making a thing and they don't
         | make it well and the customer isn't happy. There is nothing
         | special about the problem, it's simply hard to build things
         | well. When you prioritize "shipping" over quality, you make
         | crap. If you try to avoid the difficulty of quality by hiring
         | somebody else to do it and they also prioritize "shipping" over
         | quality, you buy crap.
         | 
         | Re: _" getting a worse result even when they pay more than
         | doing it internally"_, they either paid the wrong people, or
         | they were trying to solve the wrong problem, or weren't good at
         | using the product. If you're making Toyotas and you buy your
         | parts from CheapPartCo, chances are good you end up with a crap
         | car. If you buy your parts from Denso, at least you have the
         | _chance_ it will turn out well. If you take the Denso parts and
         | assemble them terribly, you still end up with a crap car. And
         | if you shouldn 't have even used that part because your overall
         | design was crap, you also end up with a crap car.
         | 
         | I'd say it's more likely the average person/company/etc will
         | _not_ make something well. Not only does it take more skill and
         | hard work to make things well, they end up more expensive. If
         | things are made well they probably took a lot more work to make
         | them well, or the people who make things well are in higher
         | demand. Show me a company that pays a premium for good vendors
         | and full training for all their staff and holds back products
         | until they pass a Steve Jobs-level of quality engineering, and
         | I 'll show you a company whose products work well, and probably
         | charge a premium. (The only exception I know of is Toyota,
         | because they are crazy enough to literally stop a production
         | line just to troubleshoot a tiny issue. Their focus on quality
         | has led to efficiency which reduces cost and increases
         | production. But this is all Lean 101)
         | 
         | And this isn't a tech-specific problem because everything in
         | the world has quality issues. The reason GM couldn't make a
         | half-decent car while Toyotas were rock solid for decades was
         | simply working harder on quality. You have to work hard to make
         | something work well.
        
           | fomine3 wrote:
           | A bit different. End user/who decide to buy/whose money is
           | used/ are often different for B2B products.
        
         | civilized wrote:
         | > It's pretty depressing how many of the comments are purely
         | answering the title and not discussing the content of the
         | article.
         | 
         | This is a HN pattern as old as the hills. If the headline
         | invites bikeshedding, most people will bikeshed. If the article
         | is long and complex, almost no one will read the article. This
         | one has both.
        
           | Dylan16807 wrote:
           | Huh? It's not bikeshedding to focus on a particular subtopic.
        
           | Aeolun wrote:
           | To be fair, I read it, but not all the way to the end. This
           | was almost a novel.
        
             | kayodelycaon wrote:
             | Because I'm a writer, I'm going to be a bit pedantic here.
             | Novels start around 50,000 words and usually take several
             | hours to read. ;)
        
               | Aeolun wrote:
               | Novella then? Guess that's still not quite what the
               | article is, but it's a bit hard to get through in one
               | sitting.
        
         | YZF wrote:
         | I read the article so I'm gonna respond here ;)
         | 
         | As a counter-anecdote I'll offer my experience working for a
         | company that built large precision machinery. Many of the parts
         | of said machinery were built by subcontractors. The quality was
         | extremely high. We did do certain things in house if they
         | require special expertise and we did have the capability to do
         | rapid prototyping but it wouldn't make any business sense for
         | us to purchase all the equipment to make all those parts that
         | we subcontracted.
         | 
         | I think this is common in many industries. (Automotive?)
         | 
         | Even with software this is far less than clear cut. There's
         | plenty of times where you should not build it yourself and the
         | quality stuff isn't always terrible. Seems like there's some
         | cherry-picking going on in the examples re: bad software. Sure,
         | there's lots of bad software, but there's also awesome software
         | that works really well. Building it yourself isn't a guarantee
         | that it'll work well. 90% of the time the people that think
         | they can do better if they build it themselves can't, they just
         | don't know it yet. And sure Kyle is great but there are plenty
         | of solid databases built before he was around (before he was
         | born?) by companies like IBM and Microsoft.
         | 
         | I've seen companies build in-house tooling that's much worse
         | than what's available off the shelf and have an endless drain
         | of resources due to that.
         | 
         | Build vs. buy isn't an easy call. I'll agree with that.
         | 
         | I felt like there was a self contradiction in the essay. You
         | can't get great software but you can get great engineers that
         | will build the great software in house? I don't think your
         | chances of finding the team that can build that are any
         | greater. You're just as likely to hire a bunch of people you
         | think can do this and then find out they can't. 5 years later.
         | Which sort of jives with the commentary of experts doing shoddy
         | work...
         | 
         | EDIT: I'd also say that the examples of the stuff that was
         | built in-house that was superior might be a case of
         | survivorship bias.
         | 
         | EDIT2: Thinking more about machines... motors, sensors, cables,
         | connectors, bolts, power supplies, pumps, linear rails, screws,
         | etc. etc. all of which you buy, never make, the quality is
         | generally very good, and it's almost unimaginable that you can
         | be completely vertically integrated.
        
           | aidenn0 wrote:
           | I've never worked in the automotive industry, but I've worked
           | adjacent to it occasionally.
           | 
           | The amount of effort put into ensuring that suppliers do what
           | they need to do and do it well is huge. Companies always have
           | two (or more) suppliers and if you keep only to the letter of
           | the contract, you get cut.
           | 
           | They can afford to put so much effort into managing suppliers
           | because volumes are large and margins are low.
           | 
           | There are also cultural issues at play; he makes the point
           | that things that are inevitable in one culture are
           | unthinkable in another and different industries have
           | different cultures
        
           | ako wrote:
           | The difference between machinery and software in this example
           | is that one is outsourcing manufacturing and the other
           | design.
           | 
           | When you outsource manufacturing you're asking the other
           | party to create exact replicas according to very specific
           | specs your own engineers created.
           | 
           | With software the outsourcing usually includes outsourcing a
           | large part of the design, which is inevitable, as there is no
           | significant manufacturing you can outsource. Writing the
           | software is creating the detailed specs. In software there is
           | only product design, you don't really have to put a lot of
           | effort into creating exact copies of the original design.
        
           | erosenbe0 wrote:
           | Linear rails -- THK. Pumps -- Iwaki. Optical glass &
           | microscopes -- Kenko, Nikon, Canon. Sensors/Switches/Relays
           | -- Omron. Imaging, Passives, Semiconductors -- Toshiba,
           | Epson, Panasonic. Chips -- Renesas.
           | 
           | All made in Japan. Few or no Silicon Valley equivalents.
           | Makes you wonder.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Aeolun wrote:
         | > he'll use the same tone for something he's seen anecdotally
         | and something he's spent a month personally investigating
         | 
         | At least the parts about build vs buy sound extremely familiar
         | to me. Setting up and integrating something you've bought often
         | takes as much or more time than building it yourself.
         | 
         | The best argument for buying is that you'd make all
         | stakeholders equally unhappy.
        
           | andrewingram wrote:
           | Reminds me of hiring an in-house team of Salesforce engineers
           | to build out and maintain the hugely expensive CRM you bought
           | because you... didn't want to spend engineering time on a
           | CRM.
        
             | hallway_monitor wrote:
             | The new CTO getting drunk on sales Kool aid and deciding to
             | move many functions to Salesforce was a strong signal of
             | incompetence at a previous workplace.
        
         | 1vuio0pswjnm7 wrote:
         | It is very common to see HN commenters only address the title
         | not the contents of the web page, a genuine phenomenon IMO.
         | 
         | Experiment: No titles, just URLs. What would happen.
         | 
         | I have some experience with this as I freqently stream edit
         | HTTP response bodies to make customised web pages using only
         | simple HTML wrapped around only the data I am interested in, no
         | cruft. For example, when I do web searches I process the
         | response, i.e., the SERP, into simplified HTML, e.g., <li><a
         | href=[url]>[url]</a>. I do not include titles.
         | 
         | Titles can be descriptive and helpful, however I find most
         | times they are a distraction. Think about the "clickbait"
         | tactic. It is heaviliy reliant on misleading titles.
        
           | tiborsaas wrote:
           | I'd personally just stop using hacker news. Clickbait is a
           | trait of media consumption for decades now, we have to learn
           | to live with it.
        
         | jader201 wrote:
         | > It's pretty depressing how many of the comments are purely
         | answering the title and not discussing the content of the
         | article.
         | 
         | I've said this before on other threads, and it seems to
         | resonate with others, so I'll say it here too:
         | 
         | I personally don't care near as much about a single person's
         | opinion of a particular topic, as much as I care about the
         | discussion of many people around a particular topic.
         | 
         | And by "topic", in the case of HN, I mean the title of an
         | article.
         | 
         | I often wish HN would just allow titles to get posted and HN
         | folks just have a discussion around that. (Similar to Ask HN,
         | but not necessarily in the form of a question.)
         | 
         | I'm a terribly slow reader, so there's no way I could take time
         | out of my already busy day to read this (very long, dense)
         | article of a single person's opinion of a single topic,
         | especially if I don't even know whether this person is an
         | expert on said topic.
         | 
         | I guess this is particularly true when it's a subject I'm only
         | interested in on the surface, vs. caring more deeply about a
         | particular subject.
         | 
         | I get much more ROI reading many people's shorter discussions
         | vs. a lengthy single opinion (again, given the time it would
         | have taken me to read the article).
        
           | folli wrote:
           | Conversely, often it's more interesting to read a single
           | person's well researched opinion than a dozen one-off
           | comments.
        
             | Moru wrote:
             | But on Hackernews those one-off comments can come from
             | years of studying the same topic. Sometimes even explaining
             | why the long well researched opinion missed something so
             | important that the whole article is wrong.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | No, they dont. Which is pretty clear everytime something
               | you do know a lot about pops up. Majority of it is just
               | people shooting their opinions over coffee break. Which
               | is fine, we go here to relax and slack, but does not
               | produce super educated opinions.
        
               | BongoMcCat wrote:
               | I guess it depends on the topic.
               | 
               | If the topic is some change in the latest release of a
               | programming language, I usually find the comments here to
               | be helpful.
               | 
               | But if the topic is global politics or economy, then
               | sure, the quality here isn't much better than some other
               | random social media site.
        
           | franzb wrote:
           | Sure, but then we're discussing the topic as set by the
           | post's title, not the actual topic(s) addressed by the post's
           | content, which are quite a bit more complex and nuanced than
           | a title of a few characters could ever convey.
           | 
           | What if we want to hold a conversation about the actual post
           | content? Should we add a tag such as [please read]?
        
             | jader201 wrote:
             | Why not both? There is good discussion being held on both
             | topics in this thread.
             | 
             | That's the benefit of nested comments, to allow different
             | top-level discussions where others can discuss what is
             | being shared by top-level commenters.
             | 
             | My original point was to not be "depressed" by others
             | choosing to not take the time to read the article, and have
             | a discussion on the topic rather than the subject.
        
           | Sniffnoy wrote:
           | > And by "topic", in the case of HN, I mean the title of an
           | article.
           | 
           | The thing is, the topic of the actual article is generally
           | more interesting than the topic suggested by a naive reading
           | of the title (as is the case here).
           | 
           | People discussing things based on titles leads to generic
           | discussions that recur again and again and go nowhere.
           | Whereas the _actual_ topic of the article 's content is
           | rather more specific and could lead to an actual _new_ and
           | more specific discussion that might actually go somewhere.
        
             | jader201 wrote:
             | Possibly, but I would bet that many people are upvoting
             | these articles based off a combination of the title + the
             | discussions of the title, which would suggest enough people
             | find those two things interesting (which is why it's at #1
             | and why most of the comments are around the title vs. the
             | subject).
             | 
             | Also, if the subject is more interesting than the title,
             | then authors should consider being more thoughtful around a
             | title that fits the subject, vs. making sure people click
             | the article.
        
               | Sniffnoy wrote:
               | > Also, if the subject is more interesting than the
               | title, then authors should consider being more thoughtful
               | around a title that fits the subject, vs. making sure
               | people click the article.
               | 
               | The problem with this is that, frequently -- as is the
               | case here I'd say -- there is no easy way to properly pin
               | down the actual topic in the space of a reasonable title.
               | The title will necessarily be more broad than the actual
               | topic; if you in general take titles as wholly
               | delineating the topic, rather than suggesting the general
               | space they're in, you're making a mistake.
               | 
               | Sticking only to those topics that can be wholly
               | expressed in the space of a brief title is a big
               | limitation on topics; as I said above, taking titles as
               | topics just leads to the same discussions over and over.
        
               | tetsusaiga wrote:
               | I absolutely understand where you're coming from here,
               | but in practice and reality, the point of the title
               | really is to make sure people click the article.
        
           | BongoMcCat wrote:
           | I agree about the comments here often being the most
           | interesting part.
           | 
           | But I think that the best way to start the conversation is
           | usually with a well-written article.
           | 
           | If there would only be a title and no article, I'm pretty
           | sure that I would find the comments to be less interesting.
           | 
           | But maybe I'm wrong, and since my argument is based on the
           | original article being well-written, maybe it isn't true for
           | most posts.
           | 
           | But I still think that I would rather try to find the posts
           | with good articles, and just ignore the rest, and hopefully,
           | that is what the ranking system does (at least help with).
        
           | mitchdoogle wrote:
           | I have to strongly disagree. The lengthy article has much
           | more thought put into it. It's almost always better
           | researched and the author usually has relevant experience or
           | expertise, and those are usually at least known to the reader
           | in some way or easily discovered.
           | 
           | I have seen many, many cases where a big portion of the top
           | comments are either saying something similar to what the
           | author of the article said, or they are asking a question, or
           | raising a rebuttal, that is already addressed in the article.
           | 
           | Comments are short and probably have close to zero research
           | on average. Experience may play a part, but people don't
           | usually offer up the resume with a comment, so you have no
           | idea if they even have credibility. And there are mountains
           | of witticisms, anecdotes, or emotional arguments that add
           | little to nothing of value to the conversation.
           | 
           | Personally, I almost always read the article and then skim
           | the comments to see if anybody has added any thoughts I might
           | find interesting.
        
             | arc-in-space wrote:
             | A part of the problem here is distinguishing which articles
             | are worth reading. I may know that a Dan post is probably
             | good, but if I saw this exact same headline taking me to a
             | long article on <random tech news site>, I'd probably skip
             | it and skim the comments instead, since chances are the
             | article itself is near worthless.
        
             | jader201 wrote:
             | There's not much to disagree with here.
             | 
             | I simply stated my experience -- I never even said my
             | experience was right or that it is wrong to read the
             | article, or that others should experience HN the way I do.
             | 
             | I'm a slow reader and don't have time to read lengthy
             | articles, and therefore am drawn more to discussion.
             | 
             | You are (likely) a quicker reader and are drawn more to
             | articles.
             | 
             | There's room for both of us in the world -- and on HN (I
             | hope).
        
               | Kiro wrote:
               | You said "I often wish HN would just allow titles to get
               | posted and HN folks just have a discussion around that".
               | If there's anything I can wholeheartedly say I disagree
               | with it's that, so yes there's a lot to disagree with
               | here.
        
           | JohnBooty wrote:
           | I often wish HN would just allow titles to get
           | posted and HN folks just have a discussion around
           | that. (Similar to Ask HN, but not necessarily in the
           | form of a question.)
           | 
           | Sounds like a real recipe for hivemind to me. I mean, _any_
           | community struggles with hivemind a bit. But, at least with
           | discussions centered around articles that exist outside HN,
           | we get a little fresh air.                   especially if I
           | don't even know whether          this person is an expert on
           | said topic.
           | 
           | He's a pretty respected voice, or at least popular on HN.
           | 
           | I find it very valuable to look into the authors of linked
           | articles, see which authors pop up on HN frequently, etc.
           | 
           | Gives you an idea of who the leading voices in the industry
           | are, helps you to know which way the winds are blowing.
           | 
           | Especially for somebody with a slower reading speed this may
           | be crucial; helps to understand which article may actually be
           | worth the time investment.
        
           | johnfn wrote:
           | I very much disagree with this. In fact, this article is a
           | perfect counterexample to what you're saying, ironically -
           | it's a lengthy, well thought out essay that the author
           | clearly spent a lot of time thinking about and putting
           | together. Quite honestly, it's very unlikely that any number
           | of pithy HN comments could match up to it, and I say that
           | with a fair amount of respect for the HN community at large.
           | It's just very unlikely they're going to have insights on the
           | same level: the author of the post had at least a couple of
           | weeks of actual concentrated effort to put together thoughts
           | on the topic.
           | 
           | Plus I just have a lot of respect for the author. Dan Luu is
           | a smart guy.
        
         | AtlasBarfed wrote:
         | The article is yet another one about supply and demand that
         | ignores first day of microeconomics price theory:
         | 
         | If supply is low, demand is high, the price goes up.
        
           | klodolph wrote:
           | And if the market is inefficient, the pricing will be
           | irrational (for certain ideas of what "irrational" means).
        
           | Strilanc wrote:
           | In what way is the article about that? How is Apple getting a
           | better chip by learning to do it themselves, because cpu
           | manufacturers are trapped by misaligned benchmarks, just a
           | trivial statement about supply and demand?
        
             | cdogl wrote:
             | Perhaps the strategic decisions of one the largest and one
             | of the most complex organisations in human history cannot
             | be explained by simple reference to undergraduate
             | microeconomics
        
             | tuatoru wrote:
             | It isn't about supply and demand at all, but about another,
             | even more basic, economic concept: incentives, and a second
             | relatively modern economic concept, information
             | asymmetries.[1] Over-summarising and over-simplifying:-
             | 
             | "Third-party service providers are incentivised to minimise
             | their costs. If their clients cannot assess the quality of
             | their service and/or end-users cannot reward or penalise
             | them based on the quality of the services, then quality is
             | poor, because it is cheaper to not provide services and
             | later argue about it than to provide the service. Third
             | party deficiencies/misbehaviour get so bad sometimes that
             | there are no gains from trade and occasional losses.
             | 
             | "Internally, inside companies, the incentives may be to act
             | similarly to third-parties, or they may not. This depends
             | on "culture"."
             | 
             | And here the essay would be improved with an analysis of
             | the compnents of "culture" that matter. It talks about
             | trustworthiness of company leadership, but that is only one
             | factor, surely.
             | 
             | 1. Akerlof's "Market for Lemons" paper is the seminal one
             | here.
        
         | WheelsAtLarge wrote:
         | I read it but it's a mind dump that's not well structure so
         | it's hard to follow. If asked I couldn't give you an answer to
         | the title. I still don't know, " Why it's hard to buy things
         | that work well." He has a lot of citations and footnotes but if
         | it's hard to follow then the essay becomes a bunch or random
         | thoughts which get condensed into the title. I suspect that's
         | why most of the comments relate only to it.
        
         | jseliger wrote:
         | It's like most people don't read carefully or for
         | comprehension: https://jakeseliger.com/2022/01/31/most-people-
         | dont-read-car...
         | 
         | (A few of the replies I've gotten purely answered the title and
         | didn't discuss the content.)
        
           | doelie_ wrote:
           | > ... they think I'm going to tell them the secret, and
           | instead I tell them there is no real secret, just execution
           | and practice.
           | 
           | Ha!
        
           | klodolph wrote:
           | Most people can't. "Read carefully or for comprehension"
           | would probably translate to level 4/5 prose literacy skills
           | in the NCES NAAL (National Center for Education Statistics
           | National Assessment of Adult Literacy). Recent survey puts
           | this group (level 4/5) at 12% of the adult population. Levels
           | 4 and 5 are no longer separated because of the small
           | percentage of people that fall into group 5. Level 4 tasks
           | require you to be able to understand something in the
           | presence of distractors. Just to make up an example, think
           | about the last time you sent an email to someone that had two
           | questions in it. Did they answer both questions? (I'm
           | actually a bit unsure that this falls in level 4.)
           | 
           | (Level 5 includes tasks such as "compare and contrast complex
           | information, or to generate new information making high-level
           | inferences or using specialized background knowledge".)
        
             | mattgreenrocks wrote:
             | This explains so much about our ambient media environment
             | and misinformation.
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | > Just to make up an example, think about the last time you
             | sent an email to someone that had two questions in it.
             | 
             | Pretty often they are answering easy question and leaving
             | the harder one sleep. Pretty often, the goal is to get rid
             | of you email as fast as possible so that they can go back
             | to what they actually want to be doing.
        
             | jamiek88 wrote:
             | Twelve percent?? That is scary.
        
             | Mezzie wrote:
             | In Marketing/Outreach, we're encouraged to write at a 9-10
             | year old reading level.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | > I will note that I often wish Dan Luu was a bit less
         | apparently-uniformly-confident in some of the statements he
         | writes. He does back up what he says, but he'll use the same
         | tone for something he's seen anecdotally and something he's
         | spent a month personally investigating.
         | 
         | Dan Luu is one of my favorite currently-active bloggers. He's
         | obviously a smart person with a good amount of experience in
         | specific areas.
         | 
         | However, I have to agree with your assessment. He has a
         | tendency to present his personal anecdotes and perspective as
         | the infallible ground truth and build elaborate essays and
         | logic around it. I hesitate to talk about it because I think
         | his blog is valuable, albeit if the reader can take it as one
         | person's perspective rather than the absolute truth.
         | 
         | The biggest example of this effect is his Twitter thread about
         | his tendency to fail interviews (
         | https://twitter.com/danluu/status/1470890494775361538 ). He
         | spends a lot of time bragging about arguing with interviewers,
         | dodging questions instead of trying to provide answers, and how
         | he's never written production code that talks to a DB, performs
         | an RPC call, or connects to an API. It's not at all surprising
         | that anyone would be struggle to pass interviews like this, but
         | he seems incapable of accepting that maybe he's doing something
         | wrong or that he's simply not a good fit for the jobs he
         | applied for. Instead, his implied analysis is that the
         | interviewers are simply _wrong_ , and that they're making a
         | mistake to ask him those questions and eventually decline him.
         | 
         | The interview topic is especially challenging because blaming
         | the interviewer is so very appealing to his audience of
         | developers (who all abhor interviews and hate rejection even
         | more). I think my disappointment comes from the fact that he's
         | well-positioned to display some humility and teach some lessons
         | about how someone can learn from their shortcomings, yet
         | instead he uses his platform to further demonize his
         | interviewers and make some worst-case assumptions about why he
         | didn't get these jobs.
         | 
         | I think the best way to read this blog, like any, is to
         | remember that the author is just another person with another
         | set of perspectives and opinions. There's a lot of value there,
         | as long as you take it with a grain of salt and remain open to
         | other lines of reasoning.
        
           | rjh29 wrote:
           | The most popular writers on this site (and others) have this
           | habit of presenting their opinion as the ground truth and it
           | annoys the heck out of me. There are VERY few things I can be
           | confident about, I don't pretend to be that smart. Then you
           | get people like Jordan Peterson who present a mix of truth
           | and unsourced, unverifiable nonsense with the same confidence
           | and charisma, who become thought leaders. Nobody is going to
           | listen to the person saying "I'm not sure" or "I don't know".
        
           | civilized wrote:
           | > He spends a lot of time bragging about arguing with
           | interviewers, dodging questions instead of trying to provide
           | answers, and how he's never written production code that
           | talks to a DB, performs an RPC call, or connects to an API.
           | 
           | I think describing what he's doing as "bragging" is
           | fundamentally misreading him. He's just very honest,
           | regardless of how people will perceive it. And he needs to
           | work in environments where that trait will be perceived
           | positively, because he feels it's not an option to turn it
           | off.
           | 
           | I'm sure that, for people who put up a social front as easily
           | as they breathe, Dan's style can be viewed as simply a more
           | elaborate social front, a form of peacocking that he feels he
           | can get away with because of his technical skill.
           | 
           | It's a weird world we live in, where being honest is viewed
           | as the strangest, most exotic and elaborate conceit.
           | 
           | > he seems incapable of accepting that maybe he's doing
           | something wrong or that he's simply not a good fit for the
           | jobs he applied for. Instead, his implied analysis is that
           | the interviewers are simply wrong, and that they're making a
           | mistake to ask him those questions and eventually decline
           | him.
           | 
           | In the thread you linked, he links another thread
           | (https://twitter.com/danluu/status/1447268693075841024) where
           | his interviewer _was_ wrong. And what 's fun about Dan Luu
           | is, he actually cares about answering a question correctly
           | more than he cares about the intense pressure to "play the
           | game" - that is, to conform, be agreeable, and affirm the
           | viewpoint of whoever has power in a situation so that they
           | like him. He wants to work in a position where that tendency
           | is valued. Sadly, it usually isn't.
           | 
           | Personally I don't take it to the extreme he does, but I
           | admire him for doing so. Sometimes there _is_ nothing wrong
           | with you; it _is_ the world that 's wrong.
           | 
           | You can adapt to survive in that wrong world, sure, but that
           | doesn't make the observation incorrect.
        
           | scaramanga wrote:
           | I think that's kind of the point. Dan Luu can change his
           | priorities to do a performative display of what interviewers
           | expect and then Dan Luu can pass a job interview. In which
           | case you are not hiring Dan Luu, but a different guy who has
           | most likely internalised a different world-view and set of
           | values. Even if you assume he can compartmentalize his
           | interview performance skills, he will have at least devoted
           | time to that, instead of to something "more useful".
           | 
           | I don't think Dan Luu is struggling for work.
           | 
           | So the question is do you want to hire someone like Dan Luu
           | or not? If the answer is yes, then you might want to consider
           | how your interview process might interact with such a person.
           | If you are thinking from the perspective of someone doing the
           | hiring (as those articles seem to be), it is nonsensical to
           | simply respond by saying "well, the candidates just need to
           | be more submissive and compliant to whatever our process is."
           | 
           | Perhaps Dan Luu is a unique snowflake and/or nobody needs to
           | hire someone like that. Or it could be that there are quite a
           | large number of developers with attitudes and experience that
           | lead to similarly unproductive or inefficient interactions
           | with tech interview processes because those processes may be
           | fixating on having the candidate do a specific performance
           | rather than trying to understand what individuals can offer
           | and whether that would be useful when added to the existing
           | team. It could be that such developers would be as good or
           | better fit, in a lot of cases, than people who can do oscar-
           | winning interview performances.
        
             | dreeple15 wrote:
             | I used to work with Dan Luu, and he's a far better social
             | media writer than he is an engineer.
        
               | ncmncm wrote:
               | This would be more meaningful if we knew what you think
               | makes a rockstar engineer.
               | 
               | Some people value extreme speed.
               | 
               | Others are impressed by somebody who will dive down a
               | rabbit hole and follow however deep it leads, discovering
               | the linker bug or kernel driver interaction that causes a
               | failure, and patching it.
               | 
               | Or maybe you are impressed that they go away for a month,
               | talking to nobody, and come back with a complete system
               | all ready to ship.
               | 
               | Or they write libraries that everybody uses because they
               | are so exactly what people need.
               | 
               | Or they are always available to explain things to junior
               | people and get them going in the right direction.
               | 
               | Each of those would be unusually valuable, at some
               | places, and would have trouble getting any recognition,
               | at others.
        
               | solveit wrote:
               | Not sure how I feel about an anon account presumably
               | created for the sole purpose of denigrating someone's
               | ability.
        
               | silisili wrote:
               | A kid showing their age.
               | 
               | When I started at a company, I listened to stand-ups of
               | 'yeah 4 weeks' and whined I could do it -today-. And I
               | could. I was a rockstar, everyone else was an old lump.
               | 
               | FF to today and I realize how much I didn't know. Mostly
               | business relations, relations with product, proper
               | testing and pipeline integration, and honestly...just
               | thinking. I used to be prolific and just write and write.
               | Today I think way more than I write, and accomplish more.
        
               | tetsusaiga wrote:
               | Really trying to keep this in mind lately. The code is
               | the easy part.
        
             | dreeple15 wrote:
             | The dude is a good writer, but not a rockstar engineer.
        
             | rendall wrote:
             | What do you mean when you say "hiring a guy like Dan Luu"?
             | If I were to be on a team with a guy like Dan Luu, what
             | might I expect?
             | 
             | Im asking as someone who does not generally read his blog.
        
             | PragmaticPulp wrote:
             | > I think that's kind of the point. Dan Luu can change his
             | priorities to do a performative display of what
             | interviewers expect and then Dan Luu can pass a job
             | interview.
             | 
             | This is the problematic logic I was trying to highlight:
             | It's written as though he's infallible. He knows the
             | _correct_ answers to the interview questions, but he also
             | deduces what his interviewers are thinking and why they 're
             | _wrong_.
             | 
             | The other possibility is that maybe the interviewers know
             | what they're doing when they decline him, even when he
             | answers the questions correctly. Interviews are about more
             | than just reciting the correct answers to the questions,
             | but he only discusses them as a sort of pass/fail quiz
             | where the candidate is supposed to guess what the
             | interviewer wants to hear.
             | 
             | My perspective is likely quite different as a hiring
             | manager. The part where he talks about Palantir walking him
             | out the door despite correctly answering the questions as
             | fast as they can deliver is the kind of thing that happens
             | when the interviewers agree that someone is smart, but
             | isn't a good fit for the team. If you do enough interviews,
             | you eventually come across people far more brilliant and
             | successful than yourself whom you would nevertheless not
             | really see fitting into your company's work culture.
             | Someone who openly boasts about dodging interview questions
             | and debating interviewers because they think they can read
             | the interviewer's mind (and they are _wrong_ ) fits this
             | description. You know they'll do fantastic things
             | somewhere, but they're not the kind of person you're
             | looking for to fill the open position on your team.
             | 
             | > I don't think Dan Luu is struggling for work.
             | 
             | Neither do I! I never meant to imply as much. Dan posted
             | the long Twitter thread over a period of several weeks, so
             | it appeared in my timeline frequently. I only brought it up
             | as an example of his writing style, not his career.
        
               | bryanrasmussen wrote:
               | I've not gotten the job offer from some interviews in
               | which I aced the tech but in which I did not 'fit' (how
               | do I know, well recruiters and people from company told
               | me but also I knew, I often either breeze through
               | interviews or I fail miserably and these I breezed)
               | 
               | In one interview where I would have gotten it but didn't
               | the reason was basically I wasn't submissive, the tech
               | lead was in my opinion rude and so when he made some
               | technical mistakes I pointed them out. Why did I do that?
               | Because I did not need the job. If I had needed the job I
               | would have been submissive.
               | 
               | Perhaps a lot of interviews fail to hire Dan because the
               | interview process is geared towards hiring someone who
               | needs the job. Why is this? No idea, especially as lots
               | of interviews take place with someone who already has a
               | job and the new place wants to attract. But for some
               | reason companies want to attract flies with vinegar and
               | not honey, contra the old adage.
               | 
               | on edit: regarding on why I did that, well I also did it
               | because the lead was rude. Otherwise I wouldn't have
               | pointed out when they were wrong.
        
         | everyone wrote:
         | Comments here are often more interesting than the linked
         | articles. I think the 'comment on title' phenomenon is
         | acceptable and possibly good here.
        
       | earthboundkid wrote:
       | Why is it so hard to put a date on your posts so that when you
       | revisit a topic, readers can tell if they've seen it before or
       | not?
        
       | temptemptemp111 wrote:
        
       | Dunedan wrote:
       | > Some commonly repeated advice is that firms should focus on
       | their "core competencies" and outsource everything else, but if
       | we look mid-sized tech companies, we can see that they often need
       | to have in-house expertise that's far outside what anyone would
       | consider their core competency unless, e.g., every social media
       | company has kernel expertise as a core competency.
       | 
       | I wouldn't call Twitter or any other unicorn a "mid-sized tech
       | company".
       | 
       | I believe the larger a company is the more it makes sense to do
       | stuff in-house. You need a certain amount of people to focus on
       | your core competencies, but once you have that and still have
       | more money than you can ever spend, it makes sense to spend it on
       | doing stuff in-house, as that might lead to better quality and/or
       | lower costs and removes the risk that an external supplier might
       | not be there next month anymore.
        
         | ashtonkem wrote:
         | Twitter is a mid sized tech company though, with a mere 5,500
         | employees. Facebook and Google are an order of magnitude
         | bigger, and half the size of Uber and Netflix. It's also a tiny
         | bit smaller than Doordash and AirBnB by comparison.
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | Mid sized compared to essentially mega corps... I wouldn't
           | consider them mid sized on any reasonable metric.
        
           | Dunedan wrote:
           | > Twitter is a mid sized tech company though, with a mere
           | 5,500 employees.
           | 
           | I guess that depends on the definition of mid sized company.
           | I don't know if there is a fundamentally different/better
           | definition, but Gartner defines a mid sized company to have
           | up to 999 employees and $1 billion of annual revenue [1].
           | Twitter has way more employees and revenue than that.
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.gartner.com/en/information-
           | technology/glossary/s...
        
       | jhoechtl wrote:
       | Because the Internet brought us things that can be patched OTA so
       | enterprises went from good when purchased to the user is the
       | beta-tester.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ksec wrote:
       | Haven't seen anyone discussing it yet.
       | 
       | > For example, in my social circles, there have been two waves of
       | people migrating from iPhones to Android phones over the past few
       | years. Both waves happened due to Apple PR snafus which caused a
       | lot of people to think that iPhones were terrible at something
       | when, in fact, they were better at that thing than Android
       | phones.
       | 
       | I wonder what Apple PR snafus is that?
       | 
       | >Amazon eventually solved this problem by having their own
       | delivery people (and Apple has done this as well for same-day
       | delivery)
       | 
       | Apple employs they own people for delivery ? That is news to me.
       | And I cant seems to find anything on Google to confirm this.
       | 
       | Otherwise the article sums up, The world is largely run by Pepla,
       | people who cant tell the difference between Pepsi and Coca Cola.
       | And the Market can stay irrational longer than you can stay
       | solvent.
        
         | vishnugupta wrote:
         | > what Apple PR snafus is that?
         | 
         | I suspect this is it
         | 
         | https://www.apple.com/child-safety/
         | 
         | Which it seems they abandoned or paused
         | 
         | https://www.macworld.com/article/559731/apple-csam-icloud-ph...
        
           | ksec wrote:
           | Arh... Thank You. I keep thinking about all the PR disaster
           | with Mac and completely forgotten about iPhone CSAM.
           | 
           | Imagine what Russia would do with CSAM now.
        
       | 0xedd wrote:
       | Nokia.
        
       | mattferderer wrote:
       | I want to give a shout out to the Roomba designers. That is my
       | favorite gadget. I have a very old one. The quality is awesome.
       | The ability to clean & replace parts is easy.
        
       | ricardobayes wrote:
       | The author uses a lot of examples of industries they seem to have
       | only passing knowledge, e.g. geely's involvement in Volvo's daily
       | management. I can tell you, it's non-existant. Same for Tata in
       | JLR.
        
       | tedunangst wrote:
       | > Often, people will say things like "I would never get into that
       | situation in the first place", which, in the circumstance where
       | someone is driving past a parked car, results in absurd
       | statements like "I would never pass a vehicle at more than
       | 10mph", as if the person making the comment slows down to 10mph
       | on every street that has parked or stopped cars on it.
       | 
       | One could write an entire series of posts on the topic of
       | situations you would not have avoided.
        
       | PathOfEclipse wrote:
       | "Meanwhile, in some Asian countries, like Taiwan and Vietnam,
       | people mostly complied with lockdowns when they were instituted,
       | which means that they were able to squash covid in the country
       | when outbreaks happened".
       | 
       | I have a feeling this guy doesn't know what he's talking about
       | when it comes to COVID. From Wikipedia: "No lockdowns have been
       | imposed in Taiwan".
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Asia
       | 
       | And there's a huge difference between quarantining a small island
       | and quarantining a large country whose leaders purposely don't
       | enforce the borders and actually allowed in people who tested
       | positive for COVID with no enforced quarantining:
       | https://news.yahoo.com/dhs-dropped-40-000-covid-190800213.ht...
       | 
       | You can also read in Wikipedia how the lockdowns in Vietnam
       | ultimately failed, while also heavily disrupting their economy:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Vietnam.
       | 
       | The people who said lockdowns would be pointless were right.
       | History has proven it. It's time for people like Dan Luu to move
       | on. There was never any way the world at large was going to be
       | able to organize a meaningful lockdown policy. The lockdowns were
       | a waste and likely caused more deaths than they saved lives.
        
       | cyounkins wrote:
       | Great article! As a consumer that cares a lot about buying long-
       | lasting quality products, here are a few resources:
       | 
       | Project Farm (youtube.com/projectfarm) - Great independent
       | reviews of tools
       | 
       | Mcmaster.com - Higher quality products than you can get at your
       | local hardware store and excellent customer service. When I've
       | gotten the rare incorrect or damaged item, 1 email gets me a
       | refund and a replacement overnighted.
       | 
       | Wirecutter - Not as go-to as it used to be in my mind, but great
       | for background
       | 
       | ConsumerReports - Check if you can get free access through your
       | local library website
       | 
       | ReviewMeta (reviewmeta.com) - Analyzes Amazon reviews for
       | authenticity
       | 
       | All of these have problems but they are still good resources. Any
       | others I'm missing?
        
         | elil17 wrote:
         | As a frequent business user of McMaster I find it serves a very
         | particular purpose - everything on there works and does not
         | break. However, their markup is massive. I once placed an order
         | large enough that they redirected me to their supplier and
         | found that they had over 100% markup on their orders. You're
         | paying this markup so that McMaster verifies the quality of
         | what you're buying. This makes a lot of sense for a business -
         | you're not wasting employee time on reading Amazon reviews. I
         | doubt it makes much sense for most consumers.
        
           | jrockway wrote:
           | I'm continually disappointed with the quality of fasteners
           | bought from Amazon. What you get from McMaster is much
           | better. The problem, I guess is that Amazon is too low
           | quality and McMaster is too high quality.
           | 
           | I also don't think they mark everything up 100%. I have built
           | a lot of stuff out of T-slot extrusion ("80/20") and their
           | price seems exactly the same as buying from 80/20 directly. I
           | guess there is probably some Aliexpress vendor cheaper than
           | the brand name, though.
        
         | jrockway wrote:
         | McMaster also has the best ecommerce tech stack I've ever seen.
         | It should be _the_ case study. It is incredibly fast. The
         | checkout flow is different from anything I 've ever used
         | before, it's so fast, you don't even feel like you should be
         | done. And, if you type plain text in the search box, it will
         | translate that to a parametric search (for example, try
         | '1/4"-20 screws', and you'll see that it takes you to the
         | "screws" page with 1/4"-20 selected as the thread size).
         | 
         | If there's a such thing as rockstar software engineers, the
         | people that made McMaster's site are it.
        
           | elil17 wrote:
           | At my workplace, we have what I call "McMaster syndrome" -
           | employees design things around parts available on McMaster
           | because that's the easiest website to order from.
        
         | Nextgrid wrote:
         | Watch out - there's evidence of Wirecutter soliciting bribes
         | and suspiciously changing their reviews when their attempt
         | turns out to be unsuccessful. See
         | https://www.xdesk.com/wirecutter-standing-desk-review-pay-
         | to....
        
       | Uptrenda wrote:
       | >black micro-text blocks of tl; dr spanning the entire width of
       | the page
       | 
       | 0/10 web design, didn't read.
        
       | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
       | Because we have unreasonable expectations. Making things work
       | well is hard, and thus expensive.
       | 
       | Take a chair, for example. Anyone can make a chair: just get a
       | bucket, turn it over, and sit on it. Boom; backless chair. Want a
       | backrest, arms? Get a 2x4, a saw, a drill, and some bolts. An
       | hour later: Boom; chair.
       | 
       | You want a chair that _works well?_ How do you even define _works
       | well_ for a chair? Do you need cushioning? Do you need to swivel?
       | Do you need ergonomics? Do you need to sit in it for 15 hours? Do
       | you need it to cost less than $1,000?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jotm wrote:
        
         | moron4hire wrote:
         | To the featured article's point, it's gotten so hard to be able
         | to judge which products will be any good at all that buying
         | expensive things expecting lasting quality becomes a huge
         | gamble.
         | 
         | There's also the huge mental barrier of getting over the sunk
         | cost fallacy. If you buy an expensive thing and a part of it
         | breaks in such a way that it still remains mostly functional,
         | it's really, really hard to admit that it should be replaced.
         | You end up living with a broken thing for a long time, just
         | because you're mentally depreciating the thing.
         | 
         | I've been through this with a lot of furniture. It doesn't seem
         | to matter whether I pay $100 or $500 for a bookshelf, it's a
         | crapshoot whether or not the listing lied about it being made
         | of solid wood and not particle board, or whether the screw
         | holes will align correctly, or been tapped correctly for the
         | screws to actually engage without crossthreading, or even use
         | proper screws and not those damn "lock"-bolts (that never
         | actually lock, so given enough time they always work themselves
         | loose).
         | 
         | My wife and I built our children's bunk bed. It was an
         | expensive, time-intensive, physically painful endeavor, partly
         | because this was the first time we were building something so
         | large. It's not great. But it easily matches or exceeds the
         | quality of any of the other furniture we've bought. I'm very
         | proud of the work we did, but at the same time, I'm furious
         | that I can't count on just buying things.
         | 
         | It's also gotten hard to trust people's recommendations on
         | things, which goes back to the featured article's comments on
         | cultural expectations. Most of the people I know just live with
         | broken furniture. They think IKEA is great stuff. It's not.
         | It's just that it's so impossible to find anything better that
         | you might as well buy IKEA.
         | 
         | I might switch to only buying antique furniture, i.e. use
         | survivorship bias to my advantage. Find the stuff that has
         | survived taking a beating already.
        
         | chii wrote:
         | an aeron chair costs about $2000 dollars (give or take). The
         | construction is sturdy, so i expect it to last at least 10
         | years, if not 20 (you take care of it etc).
         | 
         | So the amortized cost is some 100-200 dollars a year for an
         | excellent chair. If you buy a crappy chair, i bet that the
         | cushion starts failing after a year or so of constant sitting.
         | So you'd probably replace it yearly, or suffer a bad chair for
         | a few years before replacing.
         | 
         | I bet that most people would choose an excellent chair, if they
         | could guarantee themselves the 10 yrs of good operation and
         | comfort.
        
           | xeromal wrote:
           | As a random anecdote, I own a steelcase gesture that runs
           | about $1,100. I also own a 70$ chair from costco and I can
           | "barely" feel the difference. I have all my settings
           | configured correctly. I really don't buy into the the
           | expensive officechair hype. I think it's a level of
           | diminishing returns. I think a $200 office chairs is about
           | what anyone needs. That'll get you 90%+ of the way.
        
             | NickNameNick wrote:
             | Where would you say you sit on the physical-dimensions bell
             | curve?
             | 
             | I'd hope that the more expensive chair has better
             | adjustability to suit a wider range of critical dimensions
             | than the cheaper chair. But that may not matter for a lot
             | of people.
        
               | xeromal wrote:
               | My favorite part about my steelcase is the adjustable
               | lumbar but really all I need is the seat to go up and
               | down.
        
               | WWLink wrote:
               | I have a more expensive herman miller embody. It...
               | doesn't really have much to adjust. Just the shape of the
               | back. That's kind of an irritating aspect of it to me.
        
           | 2muchcoffeeman wrote:
           | Yes, I wish I could replace the seat cushion in my chair.
           | That's literally the only thing wrong with it.
        
           | bamboozled wrote:
           | Don't forget, not everyone can afford $200 for a chair, the
           | initial outlay costs I mean.
           | 
           | I'm looking at an Aeron and while I have a decent salary,
           | it's still a massive commitment for me to pay that much for
           | something I put my ass on.
        
           | rascul wrote:
           | My $60 office chair from Walmart has lasted five years so
           | far.
        
             | xmprt wrote:
             | Same for my $70 IKEA chair (which also survived 4 moves). I
             | only stopped using it because my job let us take home the
             | office chairs once work from home started a few years ago.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | This is the Sam Vimes economic theory.
           | 
           | But there's a corollary - if you do _not_ need the thing to
           | last, you may be better off with the cheapest one you can
           | find (which may be used - and which may be better than new).
           | 
           | This is the "but it from harbor freight, if it breaks now you
           | know you use it enough to make it worth getting a good one".
        
             | pjerem wrote:
             | > if you do not need the thing to last, you may be better
             | off with the cheapest one
             | 
             | Well, it's not even sure if you take resell value into
             | account. If you need your good chair for one year, just buy
             | it $2000 and sell it used for $1900.
        
             | hvidgaard wrote:
             | Which is a very good way to cut down the money spend on
             | things.
        
           | renewiltord wrote:
           | Well, personally, I have a lot of durable chairs, but I love
           | my Aeron because the adjustability got me out of RSI. I don't
           | mind replacing the chair every year if it would help me avoid
           | RSI. I haven't had to, but I wouldn't mind. Durability in
           | chairs seems to be easy.
        
             | dazc wrote:
             | I've been out of action due to RSI a couple of times in the
             | past 7 or 8 years. I haven't worked out what the cost was
             | but, sure, it was multiple times the price of a premium
             | chair.
        
           | asdfaoeu wrote:
           | An Aeron is nice but plenty of other chairs last way longer
           | than a year and are maybe a fifth of the price of an Aeron.
           | You also have to consider for a lot of people there are other
           | products that will give them a much better pay off.
        
             | dlp211 wrote:
             | My Aeron is 10 years old. It literally is as good as the
             | day it was delivered and I use it every day.
        
           | radley wrote:
           | > an aeron chair costs about $2000 dollars (give or take).
           | 
           | Some people buy that $2000 chair when it's $350 and can still
           | use it for years. The key is to learn what products remain
           | quality products.
           | 
           | (And it's not about it being expensive. It's because it keeps
           | your butt cool all year.)
        
           | michaelt wrote:
           | If you expect a $2000 chair to last a mere 10 years, unless
           | the user is 300 lbs or something IMHO your standards are
           | pretty low.
        
           | pishpash wrote:
           | At $100-200 per year? No, the cushion won't be failing after
           | a year. That would be a $30 chair.
        
         | mperham wrote:
         | The entire premise of the book "Zen and the Art of Motorcycle
         | Maintenance" is "Can we define 'quality'?"
         | 
         | At the end of the day you can specify a dozen different metrics
         | but someone will game it to cut corners. There's no replacement
         | for _caring_.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | Ygg2 wrote:
       | It's not profitable.
       | 
       | See https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Man_in_the_White_Suit
        
         | dragontamer wrote:
         | I think there's a reason why that's a comedy film instead of a
         | serious take on modern consumerism.
         | 
         | We have plenty of "indestructible" tools today. Cast Iron
         | skillets, hammers, screwdrivers, wrenches, ladders. Most
         | furniture qualifies as well (though MDF-board crap exists, they
         | still have a use. Its more efficient for a college-student to
         | get disposable MDF-based crap for their dorms with a lifespan
         | of ~4 years or less, rather than buy actually quality
         | furniture).
         | 
         | These are called the "durable goods market", and plenty of them
         | can be bought and work for years, decades even.
         | 
         | ------------
         | 
         | Everything wears out given enough time. But my roof is expected
         | to last 50 years and has a wind rating far in excess of any
         | 50-year storm in my area (Florida roofs are famously shingled
         | with the cheapest crap, because hurricanes hit them so often it
         | doesn't make sense to invest into the roof... no roof can
         | possibly survive a Cat3, Cat4, or Cat5 storm).
         | 
         | Because my area doesn't have tornadoes or hurricanes (at least,
         | no notable ones in the past century), it makes sense for me to
         | invest into my roof.
        
           | titzer wrote:
           | I'm amazed at how they keep trying to reinvent hammers. I
           | have two. One good old one with a wooden handle and a steel
           | head, and one with a super-ergonomic rubber/metal handle and
           | a smaller, treated steel head. They both bang nails and both
           | feel alright. If I need to wield one for hours, I can see the
           | rubber handle being better, but I'll wear gloves if it's an
           | issue with the other. Rubber handle will likely last < 20
           | years.
        
             | ehnto wrote:
             | Maintenance is also something worth taking into
             | consideration. If you get a nice thick wooden benchtop, you
             | can keep sanding it down as needed while the years go by.
             | If you opt for a cheaper particle board top or laminate
             | top, you will likely just be replacing it instead of
             | resurfacing it.
        
             | bluGill wrote:
             | Take it from a former pro, get a wood handle. Steel lasts
             | forever, but your arm won't. Fiberglass is a lot better
             | than steel and will last a almost forever, but wood is
             | cheap and the best for your joints.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | The hammer thing mainly comes from Home Depot and friends
             | selling to "prosumers" - people who don't know enough to
             | know why the more expensive hammer might be better for a
             | particular use but buy it anyway.
             | 
             | When doing roofing the experienced guys would have three or
             | four hammers of various types and switch between them as
             | necessary. Me? I couldn't tell the difference.
        
           | Ygg2 wrote:
           | > I think there's a reason why that's a comedy film instead
           | of a serious take on modern consumerism.
           | 
           | Yeah, because corporations/people wouldn't conspire to limit
           | say life of lightbulbs or reduce competition, right? Right?!
           | Right?!
           | 
           | Just because something is a comedy doesn't mean someone in
           | real world didn't do it/ is doing it/ won't do it.
        
         | pojzon wrote:
         | Its not profitable in current iteration of laws. If we had laws
         | that forced manufacturers to create stuff that lasts two
         | decades -> everything would look differently.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | I tend to write stuff that works well. I'm working on the last
       | two screens of a project that has been underway for a couple of
       | years. It's still a ways off from release, as we have lots of
       | fender-polishing to do, but I'm pretty chuffed with how it works.
       | 
       | One of the reasons that it has taken this long, is because I am
       | totally anal about Quality. Constant stopping to fix bugs, or
       | even refactor out bad design decisions.
       | 
       | I've found that doesn't always make me popular.
       | 
       |  _[EDITED TO ADD] See what I mean? Advocating for high Quality
       | work is not received well. I 've learned to keep it totally to my
       | own work, and even that is often perceived as an attack.
       | 
       | Pretty crazy._
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | chrisweekly wrote:
       | ... or things that work at all? (eg humidifiers, at various price
       | points, maybe 40% of which are even functional when first
       | unboxed)
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jotm wrote:
         | Boil water on a stove - boom, humidity increased!
        
           | elil17 wrote:
           | Unless you have a gas stove, in which case prolonged boiling
           | could lead to indoor air quality issues (unless you turn your
           | fan on - but then you're drawing in cold air.
           | 
           | If you have an electric stove, boiling water will be less
           | efficient than evaporating water and letting your heating
           | system make up for the loss in sensible heat unless you have
           | an electric furnace.
        
             | jotm wrote:
             | Yes, obviously. I'm just surprised that OP had trouble
             | getting a good humidifier given the simple process. Though
             | maybe they went for a Dyson model.
        
           | dragontamer wrote:
           | Or just get a hot mist humidifier, which does this except:
           | 
           | 1. Electronically (ex: you can do this in your bedroom
           | directly, or anywhere you need the warm-mist)
           | 
           | 2. With safety measures (its still dangerous, but they
           | minimize the amount of boiling water to minimize the possible
           | harm. Better than an entire pot of boiling water, but still
           | half-a-cup of boiling water can severely burn you still)
           | 
           | 3. Probably as cheap as the pot you were using to boil water
           | anyway. Warm mist humidifiers are like $35.
        
         | maxerickson wrote:
         | I'm 2 for 2 on humidifiers (1 ultrasonic, 1 wick evaporative).
         | 
         | What fails on them?
        
           | porknubbins wrote:
           | One of the major issues with humidifier design is that
           | whatever you put into the humidifier gets into the air, which
           | sounds obvious but is an issue. We don't want to use
           | chemicals to keep the paper wick from getting moldy because
           | then we are breathing that. Or with ultrasonic they throw up
           | mineral dust into the air. We end up just buying a lot of
           | paper wicks.
        
             | maxerickson wrote:
             | Yeah, but those are functional limitations, not failure to
             | function.
        
           | fomine3 wrote:
           | Ultrasonic is fail by definition. It's not hygienic and emits
           | minerals.
        
           | Firmwarrior wrote:
           | I foolishly bought one off the top of the best-seller list at
           | Amazon a couple years ago. It was like $35 and came with a
           | little card that said "Hey, if you give us a 5 star review
           | and send proof to SHADY_EMAIL_ADDRESS@gmail we'll give you a
           | $25 Amazon gift card!"
           | 
           | It did work reasonably well, but if you failed to clean it
           | and fully dry it out within 6 hours of using it, it would get
           | an INSANE mildew smell.
           | 
           | Amazon of course didn't bother to do anything about the
           | company when I tried to report them, and they seem to have
           | disappeared/rebranded since then
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | I wonder if the old 10% hydrogen peroxide trick would fix
             | that.
        
             | sjg007 wrote:
             | You have to add bleach or humidistat to evaporative ones or
             | keep them running full time. You also have to replace the
             | media once a month or so. The steam ones are better imho.
        
               | emodendroket wrote:
               | I prefer steam for less cleaning too, but they're power
               | hungry.
        
             | emodendroket wrote:
             | What were you expecting? They can't fundamentally change
             | what happens when you leave things wet for hours.
        
               | barry-cotter wrote:
               | Ours just runs until dry. Pretty sure it's ultrasonic but
               | it's cheap and there's never been a smell. Those are the
               | joys of living someplace you really need a humidifier.
               | Water just disappears.
        
               | Firmwarrior wrote:
               | My teakettle is moist for hours, some of my dishes are
               | moist for hours, they don't smell like mildew. I'm in the
               | bone dry south bay in a warm house
               | 
               | My guess is water is getting trapped somewhere in the
               | device's Chinesium crevices, or maybe they found a way to
               | make plastic cheaper by making it susceptible to mold.
        
               | emodendroket wrote:
               | Every cool-mist humidifier has this problem. Use one of
               | the Vicks vaporizers that boils the water if you don't
               | want to deal with it.
        
             | pvillano wrote:
             | not the problem you're trying to solve but there's an
             | additive called "humidifier bacteriostatic treatment" that
             | could help with the smell
        
         | germinalphrase wrote:
         | While expensive, I have been pleased with my Venta humidifier.
         | Cold evaporation. No wicks. Everything but the motor can be put
         | in the dishwasher.
        
         | cheschire wrote:
         | Were your humidifiers just not good at making air moist? Or
         | were they completely non-functional?
         | 
         | Technology Connections had a good video on the quality of
         | humidifiers: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oHeehYYgl28
        
           | Mindless2112 wrote:
           | I bought the one he didn't like (the electrode boiler) after
           | watching that video (and his tear-down video [1]). (I have
           | hard water and have had trouble with ultrasonic humidifiers.)
           | It works great! You do have to descale it regularly to keep
           | it going.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TC9-t47tKts
        
             | emodendroket wrote:
             | You don't really need to. It will keep working regardless,
             | just toss some salt in the water.
        
       | overton wrote:
       | Modern western society has not built the social capital necessary
       | to cope with its material complexity. It's built on an ethic of
       | grifting, in the large or in the small. See the part of the piece
       | where people think you deserve what's coming to you if you aren't
       | assuming everybody's out to f* you.
        
       | fuzzfactor wrote:
       | Could be the proliferation of Minimum Viable Products taking
       | their toll and having their influence.
        
       | uhtred wrote:
       | This site would be much nicer to read with some max-width
       | applied. Maybe a nicer font.
        
       | phist_mcgee wrote:
       | Sparing the contents of the article and the great discussion
       | around it, as an aside: who in this day and age has website text
       | that spans 100% width of the viewport? On my 32 inch monitor it's
       | completely unreadable. I get the low/no style aesthetic, but the
       | wall of text is quite unreadable to me.
        
       | Mountain_Skies wrote:
       | Looking through old Sears catalogs and seeing the prizes on older
       | game shows, I think some of our memory is selective. Even in
       | photos and SD video you can see the terrible build quality on
       | many consumer products from those earlier times. This seems to be
       | especially true for furniture and exercise equipment. When you
       | convert into current dollars, this low quality junk often is more
       | expensive than what is available today. There's plenty of junk
       | being sold today too and paying more doesn't guarantee quality
       | but the notion that it's more difficult to find quality today
       | than in the past doesn't seem universal. We have plenty of items
       | that survived earlier eras and are examples of durability but the
       | landfills are full of junk that we don't see.
        
         | ______-_-______ wrote:
         | In other words, 90% of everything is crap, both then and now.
         | And thanks to Lindy's Law, you're usually better off buying
         | something old than something new. But that's not how most
         | people think :(
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lindy_effect
        
           | fouc wrote:
           | > Thus, the Lindy effect proposes the longer a period
           | something has survived to exist or be used in the present, it
           | is also likely to have a longer remaining life expectancy.
           | 
           | Makes sense!
           | 
           | I was also thinking there's a related rule - something worth
           | buying used has proven itself to not be crap.
        
             | Galaxeblaffer wrote:
             | People still try to sell their used crap. So how do you
             | define if something is worth buying used ? For some people
             | everything is worth buying used, even crap
        
             | mpalczewski wrote:
             | Another way to look for non crap, is to check the used
             | value of something. E.g. check swappa. If people are still
             | paying a lot for an item after it is used, usually a good
             | sign. If they are not and you still want it, get it used
             | and save a ton.
             | 
             | Another good way, check how much insurance costs. e.g. How
             | much is that extended warranty going to cost on one car vs
             | another. How much is home owners insurance in one
             | neighborhood vs another. Insurance companies that make
             | mistakes here go out of business.
        
               | mitchdoogle wrote:
               | Price is not a very good indicator of quality
        
               | Loughla wrote:
               | Especially for older 'thing' you might be looking for. If
               | it is at all collectable, the price will be higher,
               | regardless of quality.
               | 
               | Ice cream makers are one thing I have found that for.
               | White Mountain made a really high quality product, but
               | the used market is obscene, because people collect them
               | apparently (at least in my part of the country).
        
             | WWLink wrote:
             | That's also seen as survival bias!
        
           | makeitdouble wrote:
           | In personal experience things were more crappy then than now.
           | The explaining factor could be that production techniques
           | have evolved as a whole, and less manual steps harmonizes the
           | quality of cheap goods.
           | 
           | To take IKEA as an example, their table were really bad 20
           | years ago, and the only option was to either buy from another
           | flatpack company, that was often worse (assembly would need
           | like 50 screws for a single table...wtf), or a hand made "old
           | fashion" table that would last a lifetime but cost 10 times
           | more. Current IKEA tables will last a lifetime for the same
           | price as the crap from 20 years ago.
           | 
           | Another example is French and Italian cars. They were really
           | bad decades ago, reliability issues were only compensated by
           | the ease to repair and cheap local maintenance. But
           | industrial process are so much better now that production
           | quality and reliability is at a level way above what would be
           | expected for cars of roughly the same production cost.
        
             | Ma8ee wrote:
             | IKEA always have had a range of different quality products.
             | You could buy cheap stuff that didn't last or you could
             | more expensive stuff that last 20 or 30 years ago as well
             | as today.
        
             | mjevans wrote:
             | IKEA at least was, the last time I shopped there, willing
             | to sell at different levels of build quality. Some products
             | cut every corner possible in the name of cost, but also
             | passed a noticeable portion of that savings to the
             | consumer. Others used some slightly better materials in
             | places where the results mattered with predictably good
             | results. As long as the consumer made an informed choice
             | the result was as desired.
        
             | blacklivsmatr wrote:
             | Ikea is a bad example in IMO. I moved countries 3 times in
             | the last 10 years and bought many of the same exact Ikea
             | items all 3 times. The quality went down each time. Things
             | that were previously metal became plastic. Things that were
             | previously reenforced in 4 positions were now only 3.
             | etc....
             | 
             | Also, several of the more sturdy things they had they no
             | longer sell and what they have now in the same category are
             | vastly less sturdy.
             | 
             | I agree though, they do still have some good, quality,
             | sturdy kitchen tables and a few pretty good sturdy sofas.
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | Looking like crap says very little about utility.
         | 
         | It's standard practice to reduce safety margins when build
         | quality increases. If you think in terms of expected lifespan,
         | when the company has little control over how long things last
         | and wants a minimum of say 1 year then some fail at 1 year and
         | some fail after 20. As their process improves the minimum stays
         | the same, but maximum lifespan decreases.
        
           | hobs wrote:
           | "Value Engineering" - make the same thing, but at half the
           | cost, eventually you get chip bags filled with air and
           | reduced by 1.5 oz margins until the profit matches what's
           | needed.
        
         | mitchdoogle wrote:
         | The idea behind the article is not that everyone is making junk
         | these days. The idea is that we often have no way to find out
         | which products and services are junk and which are good
         | quality. How are you going to find a contractor to remodel your
         | bathroom? How will you even know if they did a good job?
        
         | narag wrote:
         | I remember a time when there was the good, the bad and the
         | ugly. You knew which was each with a cursory glance.
         | 
         | Now there are a hundred, most of them below the cut, with top
         | ranked = SEO junk.
        
       | bjterry wrote:
       | > Amazon eventually solved this problem by having their own
       | delivery people (and Apple has done this as well for same-day
       | delivery). At scale, there's no commercial service you can pay
       | for that will reliably attempt to deliver packages.
       | 
       | It's funny, I have actually observed the phenomenon he described
       | _in the same company_. Safeway in San Francisco either uses their
       | own delivery drivers, or they subcontract to DoorDash depending
       | on the time of day of delivery. If I order with Safeway delivery
       | drivers, they will happily deliver all the way to my apartment
       | door inside the building. If I get a DoorDash driver, the
       | intercom will magically be broken 100% of the time. It 's a
       | perfect comparison.
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | The appendix is interesting because I _have_ noticed that a lot.
       | I think it might be because I 'm on mostly American sites but it
       | seems like any sort of "why can't we do this in America?" always
       | has some sort of explanation why not. No one ever considers that
       | the answer is "we could, actually, if someone chooses to do it".
       | For instance, gigabit fibre in San Francisco was this impossible
       | task if you ever asked someone. It would cost too much, SF is too
       | old a city to trench, America is too big, etc.
       | 
       | In practice, all it took was a dude called Dane Jasper deciding
       | that the barriers were mostly regulatory and he could beat it and
       | boom! Sonic covers so much of the city in $60/mo symmetric fiber.
       | I think people will still explain why it's impossible in SF.
       | 
       | Occasionally, and I am saddened that I haven't bookmarked these
       | for later amusement, someone will ask "Why can't we do X here?"
       | and people will come up with an explanation for why X would
       | _never_ work in America, etc. while I 'll be sitting experiencing
       | X here.
       | 
       | Perhaps that's the thing. Human beings have a very natural status
       | quo bias and we have a very quick explain-why-this-is bias. So if
       | you tell someone that Y is the case, they can come up with _a
       | posteriori_ explanations. But that 's why good science is hard:
       | you have to make _a priori_ claims and then subject to hypothesis
       | testing. And in normal conversation that is really hard.
       | 
       | I don't claim to be immune to this. But knowing it is a flaw is a
       | better position than not knowing, I hope.
        
         | astrange wrote:
         | > In practice, all it took was a dude called Dane Jasper
         | deciding that the barriers were mostly regulatory and he could
         | beat it and boom! Sonic covers so much of the city in $60/mo
         | symmetric fiber. I think people will still explain why it's
         | impossible in SF.
         | 
         | It often is impossible to get past the regulatory burdens in
         | SF, although sometimes it's just because the supervisors ask
         | you for bribes.
         | 
         | https://twitter.com/sacca/status/1375962440303661057
        
       | citizenpaul wrote:
       | Six Sigma.
        
       | grodes wrote:
       | Why is it hard to find websites that limit the content width?
        
       | turkishlurker wrote:
       | One explanation would be that if you are an "extreme" user, you
       | are bound to find fault with all the offerings on the market. The
       | need to tweak/customize/adapt naturally arises when you have
       | reached a certain level of sophistication and when it does, you
       | can only be satisfied by a product/service appropriately
       | tweaked/customized/adapted.
        
       | crabmusket wrote:
       | > It's considered normal to have unattended property stolen in
       | public spaces and not in private spaces, but that's more of a
       | cultural distinction than a technical distinction.
       | 
       | Surely it's also a legal distinction? In Australia at least, I
       | believe there can be significant jail time given for breaking and
       | entering.
        
       | Ensorceled wrote:
       | This is a really good essay, but kind of depressing.
       | 
       | Re: professional services ... I think there is some kind of sweet
       | spot where professionals stop focusing on delivering a good
       | service and start focusing on their brand. Also, some people
       | realize they are not actually a very good
       | accountant/developer/lawyer and focus almost entirely on their
       | brand. Trying to discern if your potential professional is one of
       | those two types of professionals is the hardest part.
        
       | smitty1e wrote:
       | Spitballing a little, is it fair to say that something like
       | emergence[1] affects information systems, and generally not in a
       | good way?
       | 
       | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence
        
       | FanaHOVA wrote:
       | > You might think that, if a single person can create or maintain
       | a tool that's worth millions of dollars a year to the company,
       | our competitors would do the same thing, just like you might
       | think that if you can ship faster and at a lower cost by hiring a
       | person who knows how to crack a wafer open, our competitors would
       | do that, but they mostly didn't.
       | 
       | He mentions a small chip startup he worked at for these examples,
       | but I couldn't find it anywhere. Did those companies beat out
       | their competitors and win their market?
       | 
       | Seems like his point is that "We did this optimally and
       | competitors didn't even though you'd expect them to", but if that
       | company didn't end up being the best one it's not really proving
       | the overall point
        
         | voxl wrote:
         | You miss the point though, as the problem is two-sided. The
         | consumer struggles to find a quality product because they
         | simply don't know how. The producer also struggles to produce a
         | quality product, because it's hard to know what the consumer
         | really wants. The cheat is to sell brand instead, to market
         | quality regardless of if it's actually there.
         | 
         | I would argue Apple is an example of a company that started
         | with quality, established brand, and has been coasting off
         | brand for a long while.
         | 
         | If buying and selling were a chess game, the ELO of the
         | consumers would be very low, but the producers ELO is not much
         | better, as they just learned a tricky opener and nothing else.
         | Of course the real game is not two player and open information,
         | but this only makes it worse for the consumer, and easier to
         | fall into marketing schemes for the producer.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | carlineng wrote:
       | "Variants of this idea that I frequently hear engineers and VCs
       | repeat involve companies being efficient and/or products being
       | basically as good as possible because, if it were possible for
       | them to be better, someone would've outcompeted them and done it
       | already"
       | 
       | Reminds me of the old joke -- an Economist walks past a $100 bill
       | on the sidewalk, but doesn't bother to pick it up. He turns to
       | his friend and declares smugly: "If it were real, someone would
       | have taken it already."
        
       | zabzonk wrote:
       | > Why is it hard to buy things that work well?
       | 
       | Asks someone that posts a giant wall of unreadable text.
        
         | jotm wrote:
         | Haha, yeah, but actually it reminded me of old Web pages. Just
         | text, format it however you want (make the product good
         | yourself!), nothing in the way, just the content.
         | 
         | I'm surprised how much I've gotten used to fancy websites,
         | colors and formatting.
        
         | kroltan wrote:
         | The website has basically no CSS, so it's up to your user agent
         | to decide on its default presentation.
         | 
         | Just so happens that modern user agents don't really care about
         | bare HTML, just CSS and JavaScript, so your default
         | presentation is optimized to 1990s hardware at 800x600.
         | 
         | I guess "reader mode" is slang for "what the user-agent should
         | be doing to make documents reasonable for modern displays", so
         | press that button in your user-agent.
        
           | compilerone wrote:
           | I'm usually just in reading mode, but occasionally I turn it
           | off to see a/the blogs design because I feel it gives just a
           | little bit more context to any post of text (for example, the
           | author has a playful design and it gives me a small idea of
           | their character). Unfortunate it's hardly readable, but it
           | still says something about the author. HN is fun :)
        
         | t-writescode wrote:
         | Looks good on my phone. I guess not all writers are poets.
         | 
         | What did you think of the content of what they said?
        
           | thrill wrote:
           | It's hard to appreciate the content when you can't get
           | through the wrapping.
        
             | mi100hael wrote:
             | You know you can make your window narrower than 4000px,
             | right?
        
         | OJFord wrote:
         | How much did you pay for that experience that you expected to
         | work better? Even if we say that's an accurate description
         | there's no irony.
        
           | zabzonk wrote:
           | > How much did you pay for that experience that you expected
           | to work better?
           | 
           | What? I expect people to put a little effort into what they
           | are trying to comminicate - I know I try to. Not always
           | succeeding, obviously
        
             | t-writescode wrote:
             | They've put quite a bit of effort into it. That much text
             | is a lot of work.
             | 
             | For what it's worth, their Patreon nets over 3000 / month,
             | so quite a few people think they put in just the right
             | amount of effort, or even above and beyond :)
        
         | WithinReason wrote:
         | In Firefox press F9
        
         | SquibblesRedux wrote:
         | With Chrome Desktop, and a fairly wide browser window (1475px
         | in my case, required by many web applications), the text is
         | small with minimal margins, and practically illegible. If I
         | shrink the browser width considerably (to a minimum width) then
         | the text does look good, like an ebook.
         | 
         | Typesetting matters.
        
       | jokoon wrote:
       | Because most consumers don't know how tech products work, so
       | they're unable to make the best choice for them. They end up
       | forcing "tech-literate" people to use crappy products, by the
       | force of the market.
       | 
       | That's why marketing beats product quality. Liars can win as long
       | as there are enough gullible people, and as long the government
       | doesn't enact laws to protect the public's interest.
       | 
       | There is no way to improve product quality other by regulations.
       | The "invisible hand of the market" was misinterpreted.
       | 
       | You can win in any competition if the rules don't prevent bad
       | faith players.
       | 
       | Libertarians and other silicon valley start up bros will downvote
       | me.
        
       | omegote wrote:
       | Good luck reading an article with lines that span the entire
       | 2560px of the width of my screen.
        
         | hrnnnnnn wrote:
         | Firefox reader view to the rescue
         | https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/kb/firefox-reader-view-clu...
        
       | black_13 wrote:
        
       | dukeofdoom wrote:
       | I think people build custom homes for this reason. Customize it
       | to work the way you want it, and usually use better quality
       | materials and finishes than you get from the typical builder.
        
         | adhesive_wombat wrote:
         | New-build housing in the UK is complete shit[1]: flimsy, shaky
         | construction, no acoustic insulation, little storage, tiny
         | windows, every dimension slimmed down to the minimum, inside
         | and out and slapped together with only the most cursory quality
         | checks. I'd never buy a new build unless it was custom (not
         | that I could afford that compared to the same older house).
         | 
         | But, considering the developers aren't going to charge their
         | ways, I'll remain grateful that there are people who do want to
         | buy the "new" houses (they won't stay new for long, they'll be
         | wrecked after a few years of being lived in) at a premium
         | rather than compete for livable housing.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.thisismoney.co.uk/money/mortgageshome/article-10...
         | but if you've ever been in one, you'll know what I mean.
        
       | Jiro wrote:
       | It's like asking why consumers go for low prices rather than good
       | quality. Similar answer: Because it's easy for companies to hide
       | poor quality, but impossible to hide high prices. (Although
       | companies do their best to hide prices anyway, like airlines
       | charging everything as an addon).
        
         | ncmncm wrote:
         | In many domains, higher prices fail to deliver better quality.
         | You just pay more.
         | 
         | People learn to optimize for less anger over being cheated: it
         | doesn't work well, but you didn't pay much. If you had paid
         | more, you would (probably) be equally dissatisfied, but also
         | feel like you got suckered.
        
       | twothamendment wrote:
       | Before getting into software I did fair amount of construction.
       | Once you know how a job should be done you never look at the
       | resulting product the same way. From drywall to sidewalks,
       | everywhere I look I see that someone rushed or didn't care. I
       | wish it wasn't hard to find quality craftsmanship, but it is.
       | Ignorance is bliss, but I lost that long ago.
        
       | kccqzy wrote:
       | > An example from another industry: when I worked at a small chip
       | startup, we had in-house capability to do end-to-end chip
       | processing (with the exception of having its own fabs), which is
       | unusual for a small chip startup. When the first wafer of a new
       | design came off of a fab, we'd have the wafer flown to us on a
       | commercial flight, at which point someone would use a wafer saw
       | to cut the wafer into individual chips so we could start testing
       | ASAP. This was often considered absurd in the same way that it
       | would be considered absurd for a small software startup to manage
       | its own on-prem hardware. After all, the wafer saw and the
       | expertise necessary to go from a wafer to a working chip will be
       | idle over 99% of the time.
       | 
       | This paragraph from the article reminds me of the recent HN
       | discussion about resilience. In this particular example idling
       | 99% of the time is cheaper, but even if idling 99% of the time is
       | slightly expensive, it might still be a good idea not to
       | outsource due to resilience. What if the vendor goes bankrupt?
       | What if the vendor's vendor is unable to perform their
       | contractual duty due to a disease outbreak? Or a geopolitical
       | risk? You avoid these risks if everything is in-house, so these
       | risks need to be priced in when determining whether to outsource.
       | But more often than not, these risks are priced at exactly zero.
        
         | dspillett wrote:
         | _> In this particular example idling 99% of the time is
         | cheaper, but even if idling 99% of the time is slightly
         | expensive, it might still be a good idea not to outsource due
         | to resilience._
         | 
         | Or in some cases it might make sense to become an outsourcing
         | destination. Your otherwise idle equipment & skills become a
         | revenue stream rather than a cost when your need it low, your
         | local equipment and skills are tested & re-enforced which
         | reduces the risk of finding them unexpectedly wanting when you
         | turn to them in those 1% times, and you might end up with a
         | small controlling advantage in your market (you get priority
         | over any competitors that outsource to that part of you). It
         | could become a significant arm of your business & profit. Think
         | Amazon farming out its network resources.
        
           | CapmCrackaWaka wrote:
           | If you go through all this trouble, you have essentially
           | added another business line to your company. This may or may
           | not be where a company wants to spend their resources.
           | Rolling your own XYZ will always be cheaper than paying a 3rd
           | party vendor, _if_ you have the time, experience, money, and
           | competitive advantage to do it correctly, which are pretty
           | big iffs.
        
             | dspillett wrote:
             | Aye. It certainly seems like a commit to it or don't do it
             | at all decision, half measures will be more trouble than
             | they are worth.
        
         | ownagefool wrote:
         | What if the saw breaks, what if the person who knows how to use
         | the saw leaves?
         | 
         | There are good answers to these problems, but I find folks who
         | find comfort in outsourcing assume it's easier for the
         | downstream org solve them.
         | 
         | Personal experience suggests it's often a false sense of
         | security, and you often have to have your own experts anyway.
         | 
         | Saw the same in software. We won't get budget to patch so let's
         | outsource. The outsourced entity also doesn't patch, because
         | there's no business case approval to do so. The problem is
         | usually tech is ran by finance.
        
           | Juliate wrote:
           | > Saw the same in software. We won't get budget to patch so
           | let's outsource. [...] The problem is usually tech is ran by
           | finance.
           | 
           | Same. Where actually, the budget is right there, it's just a
           | matter of choice and priorities: do what's right now or
           | invest 10x in it later because you didn't take care of it
           | when you ought to.
           | 
           | I've been on both sides of the argument: "budget" is a magic
           | word for those who want to skip responsibility for their
           | choices.
        
             | vinceguidry wrote:
             | This. For every short-sighted decision made by the finance
             | overlords, I've seen ten failures on the tech wizards' part
             | to plan for their own future well-being. Laziness keeps
             | them from even making a case.
        
             | ownagefool wrote:
             | Yes and no.
             | 
             | Sometimes the budget is yours sometimes you're sitting in
             | meetings upon meetings with someone else deciding there's
             | no immediate ROI so no budget for you.
             | 
             | So sure, the company is always to blame, but unless we're
             | arguing the individual was not convincing enough, the
             | person citing budget may not be choosing alone where to
             | allocate it.
             | 
             | On the bright side, inefficient companies leave the market
             | open for the rest of us. :)
        
           | josh2600 wrote:
           | As someone employing a lot of engineers right now, one of the
           | problems is that engineering will just keep requesting
           | resources ad infinitum if there's no budgetary limit. The
           | constraints of the business are actually always financial,
           | and without proper financial modeling you'll cease to have a
           | business.
           | 
           | This is true in process scaling no matter the process.
        
           | hamsamrma wrote:
           | ime the primary reason to outsource is to get rid of the
           | responsibility and the long-tail due-diligence that comes
           | with it.
        
             | thaeli wrote:
             | Also the blame. On prem outage? IT management is in the hot
             | seat for a fix. AWS outage? Well, major us-east-1 outages
             | make the news so the blame is more diffuse. And even
             | outside of that, it's much harder for anyone internally to
             | blame IT management for the outsourcing, so long as they
             | were smart and got the CFO to take credit for the cost
             | savings of going cloud or something.
             | 
             | HN often underestimates how much of enterprise IT, and
             | large business generally, is about making sure that upsides
             | are concentrated enough your management chain can take
             | responsibility, and downsides are either diffuse enough or
             | deflectable enough that your management chain can avoid
             | responsibility.
        
           | raverbashing wrote:
           | > What if the saw breaks, what if the person who knows how to
           | use the saw leaves?
           | 
           | Then you go and fix that as you have the means to do that.
           | 
           | Were it outsourced and you can only wait for the vendor to do
           | it
        
           | pclmulqdq wrote:
           | A lot of outsourcing decisions seem to be made on the premise
           | of "what if it breaks?" It's a terrible fallacy.
           | 
           | Your wafer saw (or server) that is utilized 1% of the time is
           | going to need a lot less maintenance than a shared wafer saw
           | that is used 16 hours a day. You will actually experience a
           | lot less downtime by investing in your own wafer saw (or your
           | own servers) rather than outsourcing (to a foundry or a cloud
           | provider).
           | 
           | I think the real draw of outsourcing is diffusion of
           | responsibility: when it breaks, you can blame someone else.
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | At work, I wanted to use google sheets for our schedule
             | because it just works: can have view only links, and it
             | handles multiple editors at the same time gracefully. Got
             | asked "well what if google goes down?", so back to our
             | problematic system of excel sheets it is :(
        
               | Radim wrote:
               | That may have been a wise person! _" What if Google takes
               | us down"_ (rather than goes down itself) is a valid
               | business risk to at least consider.
               | 
               | Google & co are doing their best to remove themselves
               | from a rational person's critical path. They're too big,
               | you're too small; they're full of AI and politics, you
               | have no recourse.
        
               | andreyf wrote:
               | if someone had told me that "full of AI" was going to be
               | an insult one day, I would have said they were too
               | cynical about the glorious AI future, but in hindsight
               | perhaps you are right
        
               | zitterbewegung wrote:
               | I experienced the opposite when Google actually went down
               | and all of our email, docs and information went away for
               | the day. Then one day our Internet went down and then the
               | company bought a Microwave internet link and an off site
               | server.
        
             | derefr wrote:
             | > You will actually experience a lot less downtime by
             | investing in your own wafer saw (or your own servers)
             | rather than outsourcing (to a foundry or a cloud provider).
             | 
             | Analogy doesn't work; "in-sourcing" of previously-IaaS
             | resources as a cost-cutting measure, is used almost
             | exclusively for "base load" (vs. elastic load, which is the
             | comparative advantage of IaaSes); and so your in-house
             | servers are usually running pinned at 100%. So the hardware
             | components will wear out just as fast, if not faster, than
             | the IaaS's servers will; and when they do, your ops team
             | won't have as many spare parts on hand as the IaaS does;
             | nor the ability to live-migrate the enforced VM to another
             | exactly-equivalent substrate host in the fleet (which was
             | already warm) to avoid downtime altogether.
             | 
             | Also, apart from that, there are economies of scale in
             | reliability. Your in-house backups are probably just a ZFS
             | pool or a RAID5+1 array or something. They're certainly
             | _not_ hosted within a 17+-copies Dynamo-ish system, the way
             | most IaaS object storage (incl. archival storage) is,
             | because the costs of doing that in-house are ridiculous.
        
               | darkarmani wrote:
               | What do you think about external core dependencies? For
               | example, people are starting to use Okta/Auth0 for the
               | authentication core of their apps.
               | 
               | Obviously, this puts them at the mercy of the okta if
               | anything goes wrong with IdM. But then again, people are
               | very bad at doing auth.
        
           | cupofpython wrote:
           | > you often have to have your own experts anyway.
           | 
           | +1 on this
           | 
           | IME the most successful outsourcing arrangements revolve
           | around scale of work, not substituting an entire department.
           | Keeping the amount of in-house experts lean and having them
           | manage outsourced resources. So it is more of a tool for
           | someone internal who has the needs organized rather than a
           | dependency on a 3rd party to know what is best for you
        
           | buescher wrote:
           | Then you go out of house until the saw can be repaired or you
           | can recruit a new employee to run it. If it's really to your
           | advantage to have the capability in-house, no one will bat an
           | eye.
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | >> There are good answers to these problems, but I find folks
           | who find comfort in outsourcing assume it's easier for the
           | downstream org solve them.
           | 
           | IMHO a lot of outsourcing decisions are based on the idea
           | that someone else can do it better than we can. This is
           | demoralizing and will eventually become a self-fulfilling
           | prophecy as the most competent people get frustrated and
           | leave. I suspect it may also be projection from managers that
           | are in over their head or don't understand what their own
           | people are saying. And then of course there are times when
           | it's true that someone else can do it better.
        
       | gadders wrote:
       | Can someone remind me what the CSS is to make the site readable
       | please?
        
       | sumanthvepa wrote:
       | It's looks like this is mostly a case of adverse selection. [1]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverse_selection
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | Like politics, marketing thrives on "noise" and the loudest voice
       | tends to win, not the best candidate
       | 
       | If you have a lesser product, marketing rolls out FUD to combat
       | competitors and then it doesn't matter if you have a better
       | mousetrap, no-one will believe it
       | 
       | For example most 5-star products on Amazon got that way because
       | they often secretly give out tons of free product (or even cash)
       | for positive reviews. Amazon and bot analysis can't tell a real
       | human written review was secretly paid for. Noise "wins".
        
       | ouid wrote:
       | Weird that this article makes no mention of the law of lemons.
       | Information asymmetry between buyer and seller is well studied.
        
       | whoomp12342 wrote:
       | survivorship bias is real when people say "they dont make things
       | like they used to". Yeah your armchair from 1960 was built well
       | becuase... it was built well. There were hundreds others that
       | were complete crap
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | It isn't hard, just more expensive. Things that meet MIL-SPEC
       | work very well (your taxes already paid someone to verify it) and
       | can be easily purchased while sitting on a toilet.
        
       | justbrandon2u wrote:
       | Because china. Things used to be good 20 or 30 years ago. Then
       | china started in with all that cheap crap. Same shit going on
       | with India in the software space. Just look at oracle. Tot shit.
        
         | traceddd wrote:
         | Every sale has a customer.
        
           | analog31 wrote:
           | Not every customer can assess the quality of a product. I can
           | judge the quality of a violin, but I can't tell you how long
           | the compressor in a refrigerator will last.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | This is why the only signal that customers used to have got
             | removed - a refrigerator that had the same design and
             | components for twenty years is likely well made (if it
             | weren't people would have found out or changed the parts).
             | 
             | But these are rare (one of the few I know of is Speed Queen
             | but I suspect there are others in other industries, mainly
             | commercial/industrial products).
             | 
             | Amusingly enough these work best when innovation is
             | basically dead, so that a new one and a twenty year old one
             | is basically the same.
        
               | tashoecraft wrote:
               | Except being made well isn't the only criteria. From what
               | I understand, speed queen uses so much water compared to
               | a more modern machine that you could buy a new machine on
               | the cost savings.
               | 
               | There are a multitude of reasons, companies no longer
               | make products to last. Watch videos where they dissect
               | products, you'll find machines are designed to fail after
               | a certain amount of time. Motors that only contain a
               | certain amount of oil and cannot be serviced.
        
               | throwaway0a5e wrote:
               | You wind up double and triple washing things with the new
               | machine in order to get equivalent cleanliness to an old
               | style machine.
        
               | [deleted]
        
       | andrepd wrote:
       | >But, when people are mostly making decisions off of marketing
       | and PR and don't have access to good information, there's no
       | particular reason to think that a product being generally better
       | or even strictly superior will result in that winning and the
       | worse product losing.
       | 
       | Absolutely hit the nail on the head. Advertising distorts the
       | market, meaning what would be a good idea in theory becomes a
       | completely different thing in practice.
        
       | emtel wrote:
       | Maybe I missed it, but I don't think Dan even attempts to answer
       | the titular question! The article, while quite good, is just a
       | very long list of things that suck, and anecdotes about people
       | who tried to make things suck less.
       | 
       | I've thought about this question very often, and I think the
       | answer does come back to the market efficiency argument that Dan
       | ridicules at the beginning. I think in many cases, what the
       | market provides is actually about as good as what the market can
       | sustain.
       | 
       | Sure, most products have obvious flaws, and maybe you could fix
       | them. But could you build a successful company solely on the
       | basis of addressing those flaws? Sometimes, yes. Some products do
       | get displaced by better alternatives. But can you expect that
       | process to happen reliably, for all types of products, at all
       | times? When you put it that way, I think it seems silly to expect
       | the answer would be yes.
        
         | mitchdoogle wrote:
         | I've seen lots of products and services that are materially
         | similar, if not identical, with vastly different prices, and
         | the companies selling them are equally successful. Sometimes
         | it's the company charging more that seems to be doing much
         | better. I don't think there's any particular efficiency
         | advantage. I think it's just a matter of marketing.
        
         | makeitdouble wrote:
         | I went out of it with the conclusion "The world is broken, deal
         | with it"
         | 
         | Just to get caught by that line in the culture part:
         | 
         | > If you read these kinds of discussions, you'll often see
         | people claiming "that's just how the world is" and going
         | further and saying that there is no other way the world could
         | be, so anyone who isn't prepared for that is an idiot.
         | 
         | I'll defend my own claim as not trying to put the blame on the
         | victim, it's nobody's fault most of the time, and we get to see
         | some progress, sometimes. People should enjoy the stuff that
         | actually work and praise those who make real efforts to make it
         | less broken.
        
         | wittycardio wrote:
         | The title should probably be something like , "Why are so many
         | successful products so bad ?"
        
       | polskibus wrote:
       | It requires a lot of testing-feedback-correction iterations. This
       | is expensive no matter how it's done.
        
       | btrettel wrote:
       | How does one stay employed for a long time as an "unusually
       | unreasonable" employee who points out major issues?
       | 
       | The Yossi Kreinin link in the article suggests developing a
       | reputation first. Any other approaches?
        
         | rawgabbit wrote:
         | Been there and done that. There aren't any silver bullets. Just
         | some random advice.
         | 
         | First, pick your battles. You can't fight every one at the same
         | time.
         | 
         | Second, DOCs and Email are your friend. Don't bother with
         | Slack/Teams. If you came from an important meeting, reply to
         | everyone who attended the meeting and CC and BCC people, and
         | write your version of meeting notes and focus on what was
         | agreed upon and what questions remained unresolved. After
         | several emails like, this copy/paste them into a Word document
         | that you save. I have shut down the worst offenders by simply
         | re-sending the same email I sent six months ago.
         | 
         | Third, be prepared for the blowback. I got screamed/yelled
         | at/for days by executives. Eventually the truth will come out.
         | But it might take years.
        
       | user3939382 wrote:
       | Consumers have by and large come to believe that price matters
       | more than anything, so the free market economy of goods has
       | naturally optimized for that priority.
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | Or through the erosion of real wages over the past 50 years,
         | consumers have been more or less forced into buying lower
         | priced items. And was this not the promise of free trade and
         | globalization - cheap stuff?
         | 
         | Edit: why downvote?
        
           | asdff wrote:
           | Cheap stuff that used to be wood or metal and last for 100
           | years has turned into plastic cheap stuff that you write a
           | nyt column about if it manages to survive the demands of
           | regular expected usage for 1 year.
        
             | zozbot234 wrote:
             | The wood or metal stuff was _not_ cheap, by and large. It
             | was the cheapest available at the time, but still very
             | expensive by current standards.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | Yeah, but I have tools from my grandfather that are 100
               | years old. 3 generations of use should be an excellent
               | value
        
             | astrange wrote:
             | I don't have any plastic stuff that breaks. My supposedly
             | bad Ikea furniture has all survived 3 moves, none of my
             | kitchen tools break, car's about to last 10+ years. I think
             | my worst problem with something I own is my PC fans are too
             | loud.
        
               | wheybags wrote:
               | Presuming it's a desktop, and you haven't done so already
               | - try replacing the fans with some noctua ones
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | It turns out anytime you update the Gigabyte BIOS it
               | loses all its settings including the custom fan
               | curves/undervolting I built from the advice on random
               | reddit posts.
               | 
               | Do need to replace the fans and maybe PSU though.
        
             | jrockway wrote:
             | I think there are plenty of good things made out of
             | plastic. Legos never break, for example.
             | 
             | Particle board furniture is annoying. You scuff off the
             | veneer, and the item is essentially ruined. Wood is "self
             | healing" in the sense that scratching it exposes more wood,
             | so it doesn't look as terrible.
             | 
             | Personally, I've found software to be the worst thing about
             | modern devices. A long time ago, I bought a terrible
             | Tiertime 3D printer. It doesn't accept gcode from the
             | computer, so you have to slice models using their
             | proprietary app, and it's absolutely horrible. Requires
             | registration before use, doesn't work at all. I used it
             | once, was disgusted with the software (being unable to
             | slice a model more complicated than a cube), and put the
             | thing in the box with the goal to return it. For various
             | reasons that never happened. Three years later, I decided I
             | was tired of looking at the box and can always use another
             | 3D printer, so I did a "brain transplant". I replaced their
             | proprietary logic board with an open source one (Duet 3
             | Mini 5+). Now the printer works great. (Before the project
             | was done and I was getting my bearings on the internals, I
             | was appalled at the shortcuts they took. Sheet metal
             | instead of extrusions. Heated bed connected to the power
             | supply with flatflex cable, hotend connected with a ribbon
             | cable, 19V power supply instead of 24V just for a tiny bit
             | of extra savings on inductors. But honestly, the design is
             | fine, it was just their software that made it unusable. I
             | learned a lot about cost reduction by taking that thing
             | apart, and I'm impressed how good of a job they did making
             | it cheap without actually making it work badly. The ABS
             | enclosure is also top notch, some of the best injection
             | molding I've ever seen on a $300 product. No way you could
             | make something that good yourself for the price of the
             | whole machine.)
             | 
             | I've also had some good repair experience on modern, cheap,
             | made-in-China electronics. I have a Siglent oscilloscope,
             | and one day, one of the knobs locked up. I resigned myself
             | to just never using that channel again, but on a 2 channel
             | oscilloscope there aren't really channels to spare. Knowing
             | I wasn't going to find $10,000 laying around for a proper
             | instrument that would have good encoders, I begrudgingly
             | opened it up. Everything was held together with screws, and
             | I had the front I/O board out in a half hour. Desoldered
             | the broken encoder, soldered on a random encoder from my
             | parts bin, put everything back together, and ... perfectly
             | working oscilloscope. It wasn't unrepairable, it was merely
             | uneconomical to repair. If I was writing software instead
             | of repairing the 'scope, I could have just bought a new
             | one. But it was some Saturday night at 3AM when I was too
             | tired to do anything except watch crappy YouTube videos,
             | which nobody will pay me hundreds of dollars to do. So it
             | ended up being quite economical.
             | 
             | I forgot where I was going with this, but basically if you
             | can open something up, today's manufacturing is as good as
             | any manufacturing in the past. Someone that wants to repair
             | or mod, can. (Until you run into glue. Oh how I hate glue.)
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | "erosion of real wages" isn't actually calculable since the
           | price of your house doesn't really have anything to do with
           | how many electronics you can own, but it's most likely not
           | true - houses are much bigger and higher quality than 1970,
           | cars are incredibly safer, you can buy infinitely more
           | computing power, most importantly you don't have lead
           | poisoning now.
        
             | elil17 wrote:
             | Economists (imperfectly) take this into account when
             | calculating inflation. In cars, for example, economists
             | estimate the price of individual features (e.g. a power
             | steering wheel, ABS, a cup holder) so that they can
             | accurately account for increases in quality.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | Those calculations are the ones that make it look like
               | American factory workers were automated out of their
               | jobs, because a 2010 computer is a zillion times faster
               | than a 1970 computer, therefore each factory worker is
               | now producing a zillion times as many computers.
               | 
               | Basically, it works better a year at a time.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | The jobs were mostly shipped over seas. The ones that
               | were left had to compete with the lower prices that were
               | the product of third world cost of living/labor.
               | Management took advantage of the fact that most of their
               | workers don't understand/pay attention to inflation.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | Liz Warren and Andrew Yang both used these numbers to run
               | campaigns about specifically automation taking away
               | everyone's jobs. I do think they know how outsourcing
               | works, but the automation thing turned out to not be
               | real.
        
         | nullc wrote:
         | If you can't know that it'll be good or even if it'll work (at
         | least more than the minimum time) -- then it darn well better
         | be inexpensive.
         | 
         | Inexpensive and having a snazzy name are pretty much the only
         | properties that products have that you can reliably compare.
        
       | sabr wrote:
       | Annotated article:
       | https://smort.io/feb48ca0-d996-486e-af55-d232a54e1553
        
       | angarg12 wrote:
       | I just moved to the USA from the UK (having lived in Germany
       | before) and the quality of the services I'm experiencing here is
       | appalling.
       | 
       | To get concrete, we submitted an application for an apartment
       | let. After not hearing back for 4 days we reached out and it
       | looks like somehow they misplaced our application. By then the
       | unit we wanted was gone so they asked us to pay a holding fee to
       | ensure they would keep another unit for us. The online system
       | simply didn't work, so we reached out and they informed us it was
       | fix. But the system just marked the unit as rented rather than
       | reserved, so we had to reach out again...
       | 
       | As Dan says defendants of the efficient market hypothesis will
       | say that it isn't possible to provide a better service, or
       | otherwise this letting agency would have been upended by
       | competitors. Only that our experience with other agencies has
       | been similarly poor, and our experience abroad is generally less
       | so.
       | 
       | And is not only renting, most of our interactions here have been
       | similarly shoddy. Which makes me think that either we have been
       | incredibly unlucky or there is some common pattern. Here are some
       | ideas for our particular case:
       | 
       | * Barrier to entry: Businesses like real estate require large
       | capital and tend to be crowded already, so it is difficult for a
       | disruptor to appear.
       | 
       | * Liquidity: While in theory we could *shop around* if we don't
       | like a let agent, in practice there is a very reduced number of
       | units that satisfy our requirements. It's easier to put up with a
       | poor experience that compromise on the property.
       | 
       | * Corner cases: As new immigrants we had to go through some
       | processes that most people don't experience. Probably is not
       | worth for companies to optimize for these situations.
       | 
       | * Cultural normalization?: This is the most intriguing point for
       | me. Maybe this level of shoddy service has been normalized and
       | accepted in America - or at least the area we live in. Maybe
       | people just don't know better and hence don't ask for more, and
       | therefore companies can carry on providing what would be
       | considered a sub-par service elsewhere.
        
         | mattferderer wrote:
         | As with many countries, the USA can be very different depending
         | on where you live, even if you move from one part of a state to
         | another part.
         | 
         | Moving from state to state can almost feel like moving to an
         | entirely different country.
        
         | bombela wrote:
         | Same experience coming from France. Everything in the USA is
         | just lower quality. Be it goods or services. And Americans seem
         | ok with it.
         | 
         | There is a lot of overhead everywhere. Dentists have an army of
         | assistants. Any product to order requires it's sale agent. Even
         | if you already know what you want. You must deal with the
         | agent. Car dealership have so many sales but good luck getting
         | an appointment for fixing the shit they sold you. Look to by a
         | house, and be ready to deal with insane fees and agents. All
         | this overhead has to be paid somehow I guess.
        
           | gautamdivgi wrote:
           | Where in the USA are you? I haven't bought a new house in a
           | while but most car dealerships (at least mine) gets me an
           | online booking appointment for the same day or next day.
           | Doctors sick appointment - mostly same day. I've never
           | interacted with a sales agent for buying stuff.
           | 
           | I agree with you on housing. The agents charge commission and
           | closing costs and closing companies do charge quite a bit.
        
         | jldugger wrote:
         | > To get concrete, we submitted an application for an apartment
         | let.
         | 
         | It's so hard to hire good help these days. And in the case of
         | apartment building management, it sounds like they're renting
         | out just fine despite the bugs and process fuckups. Hell, even
         | you havent walked away for a competitor.
         | 
         | > Barrier to entry: Businesses like real estate require large
         | capital and tend to be crowded already, so it is difficult for
         | a disruptor to appear.
         | 
         | In a sense, there are startups in the "long term rental" space
         | providing a better frontend to shitty landlords. Even airbnb is
         | moving into that market. Whether they can successfully out UX
         | Prometheus while relying on prometheus as a landlord I cannot
         | say, but its one path out of capital requirements.
         | 
         | > Cultural normalization?: This is the most intriguing point
         | for me. Maybe this level of shoddy service has been normalized
         | and accepted in America - or at least the area we live in.
         | Maybe people just don't know better and hence don't ask for
         | more, and therefore companies can carry on providing what would
         | be considered a sub-par service elsewhere.
         | 
         | Lots of people own housing instead of rent here. But you'll
         | find plenty of similar angst about mortgage processing.
        
         | kidsil wrote:
         | Having lived in Germany, I must say the quality of customer
         | service there is the worst I have ever seen.
         | 
         | + A fridge I purchased was delivered with a 2 weeks delay, at
         | 10:30PM (!!) on a Saturday (only because I kept calling every
         | other day).
         | 
         | + I've ordered a new broadband connection for an apartment I
         | was renting. After several months (!) of waiting and calls, I
         | found out that the former tenant had unpaid bills with the
         | provider and they therefore refused to establish the connection
         | (I was only informed about this after 5-6 weeks of wait during
         | which I was told everything's ok and pending execution).
         | 
         | Here's a story about how my laptop was broken and I was calling
         | a repair shop:
         | 
         | Me: "Good morning, my laptop doesn't seem to display anything,
         | looks like it's a problem with the screen, how does the pricing
         | work in this situation?"
         | 
         | Shop: "Ugh...", the guy is annoyed.
         | 
         | Shop: "This is like saying you have a headache, and asking a
         | doctor what needs to be done!", He shouts.
         | 
         | Me: "No need to get angry, I was just wondering-"
         | 
         | Shop: "Just bring it to the store!" - hangs up.
         | 
         | This is a perfectly normal experience dealing with customer
         | service in Germany.
        
           | Tor3 wrote:
           | The shop guy was right though, even if he expressed it
           | bluntly. How could anyone come up with a useful answer to
           | that question? It's actually worse than the headache
           | question. And yes there's not much of beating around the bush
           | in Germany, which can be somewhat shocking to those not used
           | to it.
        
             | travisjungroth wrote:
             | We charge N/hr, plus parts. Or, we charge N for an initial
             | diagnosis.
             | 
             | My uncle runs a computer repair business and is doing very
             | well because he works late hours, is in a college town, and
             | has flat pricing when possible. This means he spends Sunday
             | night reinstalling OSes on student's laptops at $75/each.
        
             | lepton wrote:
             | But the question was "how does the pricing work in this
             | situation?" and I would expect a repair shop to know how
             | their pricing works.
        
         | ncmncm wrote:
         | Yes, quality is going to hell in the US. It usually helps to
         | book help from people who are from other countries, even places
         | that don't have a good reputation. They left, right? And,
         | managed to come here. However bad it is here, it is anyway hard
         | to get and stay here.
        
         | jerry1979 wrote:
         | Whereabouts do you live in the United States?
        
         | ashtonkem wrote:
         | Your letting experience is missing one key factor; you're not
         | the customer to the letting agency. The building owner is the
         | customer, not you. As long as the apartment gets rented out and
         | maintenance gets done well enough, the owner doesn't really
         | care if you have a bad experience. And the letting agency
         | doesn't have to care about you either, since their treatment of
         | you has no effect on their bottom line.
         | 
         | The fact that they don't feel ashamed of mistreating a non-
         | customer is however cultural.
        
           | allendoerfer wrote:
           | This is on point. It is not that the service is not replaced
           | by a service serving the customer better. The customer is
           | already being served perfectly fine.
        
       | yrral wrote:
       | I think it's that you don't notice things that work well. House
       | foundations, light switches, filesystems, silicon manufacturing,
       | water delivery, grocery store logistics, etc etc etc.
       | 
       | These are all things that most people never notice because they
       | just work. It doesn't even occur to people day-to-day that these
       | things can fail.
        
         | Gigachad wrote:
         | As usual its just how much money you put in to it. We spend a
         | lot of money making sure building foundations and silicon
         | manufacturing works because failing is expensive and dangerous.
         | I don't want to pay double/triple price for a toaster to
         | slightly reduce its risk of failing because I'm happy to accept
         | that on average it lasts a long time but there is some chance
         | it fails sooner. If I'm in charge of buying a $100M building,
         | you bet I want to pay extra to assure it will not fall over.
        
           | massysett wrote:
           | There's a lot of stuff that works remarkably well even though
           | it's cheap. I just came from a supermarket. It's filled with
           | items from around the world, of which most are very
           | inexpensive. The consistent quality of these products is
           | astounding--a bag of potato chips or a box of crackers tastes
           | exactly the same, anywhere in the country where I buy it,
           | year-round. A can of Coca-Cola tastes exactly the same even
           | though they're bottled in different facilities with different
           | owners.
           | 
           | These things did cost a lot to develop, but for the consumer
           | it's quite inexpensive. As GP said, we just take these things
           | for granted and don't notice them.
        
             | hodgesrm wrote:
             | Conversely there are lot of things that are expensive and
             | work very badly. "Designer anything" as for example,
             | designer light fixtures. I've had terrible experiences with
             | these.
        
               | fendy3002 wrote:
               | It happens to almost anything creative products, stylish,
               | custom made, and services.
               | 
               | I guess because there isn't enough time and money to
               | assess the quality and optimize them.
        
             | jules wrote:
             | The coke bottles themselves are amazing too. I used to go
             | to school with a reusable bottle filled with milk. Those
             | cylindrical lunch bottles for kids were absolutely
             | horrible. They leaked half the time, spoiling my bag and
             | notebook. If you dropped them they would break because they
             | were hard plastic. The rubber ring that was supposed to
             | stop it from leaking would degrade quickly and start to
             | smell funny. Those things cost as much as 20 bottles of
             | coke, and an empty coke bottle is a vastly superior product
             | in almost every way!
        
             | samgtx wrote:
             | A bit of a woo-woo aside but I've been trying to practice
             | more gratitude thinking in my daily life and the grocery
             | store is an easy place to be reminded of how good we have
             | it.
        
               | Aunche wrote:
               | Relevant video: https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=BNpk_OGEGlA
               | 
               | Grocery stores are a marvel for sure. It's a miracle that
               | we can get a season fruit like grapes 365 days a year.
        
               | Psyladine wrote:
               | I'm a believer that the largest part of what led Yeltsin
               | to fundamentally change what it was, and thus cause the
               | dissolution of the USSR, was his impromptu grocery store
               | visit in the US.
        
               | AnonC wrote:
               | > A bit of woo woo aside but I've been trying to practice
               | more gratitude...
               | 
               | No woo woo necessary. You may be interested in checking
               | this (and related citations) about research on gratitude
               | and psychological well being:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gratitude#Psychological_int
               | erv...
        
               | JohnBooty wrote:
               | Practicing gratitude is probably the single easiest way
               | to increase one's happiness, and yet it's so easy to
               | forget to do it even if you know that. At least for me.
               | 
               | One thing we can do is keep a gratitude journal where we
               | write down things we're grateful for. Can literally be
               | grateful for the sun shining, or not experiencing an
               | earthquake, for having the ability to write in a journal
               | in the first place, etc.
               | 
               | It's so, so powerful.
        
             | fendy3002 wrote:
             | Exactly. I can't imagine how expensive a computer chip
             | should be if the process isn't optimized / streamlined.
             | 
             | And for kitchenware and dinningware, we still get decent
             | quality for a still rather cheap price. Of course as the
             | article stated it's not easy to determine which one with
             | decent quality, however if customers only aim for the
             | cheapest one of course it won't be good.
        
             | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
             | Coke and potato chips are not at all inexpensive if you
             | include the health costs.
             | 
             | They're pretty good examples of things that are cheap and
             | don't work very well, if your goal is health and not
             | distraction/entertainment.
        
             | WWLink wrote:
             | > There's a lot of stuff that works remarkably well even
             | though it's cheap.
             | 
             | Even light switches are pretty cheap. You can get a basic
             | single light switch for around $2. Sure there's decora
             | switches, dimmer switches, and all kinds of other great
             | things for $50+ but the basic $2 ones will still last
             | decades.
        
               | NavinF wrote:
               | If you replaced the contacts with a triac and replaced
               | the switch mechanism with a thick bistable flexure, it
               | would likely last centuries and have a BoM cost around
               | $2.
               | 
               | I've had 2 switches fail over the last 2 years out of the
               | ~40 switches installed in the house. One failed by
               | welding itself closed and another failed by caving into
               | the electrical box when I hit it too hard. Even though
               | the 40 year life expectancy of a single switch sounds
               | good, the reality is that one fails catastrophically
               | every year. I'd love to get more reliable switches that
               | last well over a century, but I'm not aware of anyone
               | that measures this sort of thing.
        
           | et-al wrote:
           | I beg to differ, many of these large household companies are
           | shells of their former selves as they've been bought,
           | bankrupted, and traded around. What's left is just a name
           | with no solid product line backing it anymore. E.g. Sunbeam
           | was a solid household appliance name, and now it's a crap.
           | Same with Braun.
           | 
           | The easy industrial design exercise seems to be luxurious
           | looking materials paired with cheap electronics. Amazon is
           | full of this. Oddly, the thing I end up trusting these days
           | are in-house brands because the store has some responsibility
           | to make sure their own brand's reputation doesn't get too
           | tarnished.
        
             | NickNameNick wrote:
             | I imagine that makes the slow Denise of Sears/Craftsman
             | particularly unfortunate then.
        
               | ncmncm wrote:
               | What?
        
               | JoachimSchipper wrote:
               | Your parent comment has an autocorrect error, and meant
               | to write demise (death).
        
             | ncmncm wrote:
             | I don't even know how I would identify a good toaster to
             | buy, nowadays. Electric kettles are a problem, too.
        
               | bgentry wrote:
               | After purchasing the top two Wirecutter picks for
               | electric kettles (Cuisinart and some gooseneck kettle)
               | both died within a year. The gooseneck one was rusted on
               | arrival, clearly awful build quality.
               | 
               | I decided to try paying much more for a Fellow Stagg EKG,
               | and it was a great decision. It's lasted over 3 years and
               | has been an absolute joy to use compared to the prior
               | mass market garbage.
               | 
               | I often wish for a Wirecutter-like site that prioritizes
               | quality and especially longevity above all else.
               | Wirecutter always focused too much on cost, and even
               | their "upgrade picks" tend to suffer awful quality
               | issues. For years their top blender pick was an Oster
               | that had hundreds of angry reviews about dying within
               | months. Wirecutter ignored the feedback for years despite
               | so many people streaming into their own comments section
               | to vent about it.
        
               | WrtCdEvrydy wrote:
               | Honestly, I had spent 20 years in the US and we
               | consistently bought the cheapest appliances ever.
               | 
               | When I bought my house I finally said "screw it, let's
               | see what decent appliances look like".
               | 
               | Japanese rice cooker set me back $95 and I thought I
               | would never hear the end of it, and after 4 years, it had
               | already paid itself off (we were doing $14 rice cookers
               | every 6 months). Air fryer was $70 but the previous $40
               | only lasted 13 months. Basic coffee maker was like $60
               | but made non-burnt coffee. A little combo oven/toaster is
               | what I ended up on since we had one in the last apartment
               | since we never used a full oven.
               | 
               | The ones that are honestly pretty difficult to find were
               | dishwasher but one of our friends suggested bosch because
               | we wanted a quiet appliance.
        
               | JohnBooty wrote:
               | There's also just a... man, I don't know how to describe
               | it. Kind of a mental benefit to using slightly nicer
               | things.
               | 
               | When I was young, almost everything I owned was the
               | cheapest possible version of that thing. Everything just
               | kind of sucked, brutally cost-optimized to the point of
               | being somewhat nasty to use and barely functional.
               | 
               | I was still very fortunate: I had food to eat, clothes,
               | etc. A lot of kids in the world would have traded places
               | with me.
               | 
               | Now that I'm older, I have no interest in "luxury" goods,
               | but there's that subtle intangible benefit to using e.g.
               | the $95 rice cooker vs. the $14 rice cooker. You feel
               | like somebody who's worth more than the cheapest possible
               | piece of disposable shit, I guess. Or at least I do.
               | 
               | It makes better rice, too, of course. And there's the
               | ecological benefit of not tossing a $14 rice cooker into
               | the landfill every couple of months. But there's also a
               | bit of self worth involved, or something.
        
               | WrtCdEvrydy wrote:
               | I'm not a super stingy guy and we're a Cuban family so
               | rice is an every day dish.
               | 
               | It's not super fancy or anything but it fills that rice
               | craving and is a multi-use device.
        
               | ncmncm wrote:
               | In the US, the $95 cooker lasts no longer, and works no
               | better, than the $25 unit. (There is no $14 one.) You
               | _might_ be able to do better with a Japanese brand, but
               | it is vanishingly unlikely you will get the same one as
               | they would have sold in Japan, unless you actually get it
               | shipped from there.
               | 
               | I make rice in a saucepan on the range top. I have to
               | come back and turn it off when it's done. Otherwise, it
               | is the same. If you care about how good your rice is, you
               | are starting with short-grain rice. Or red, or black, or
               | arborio for risotto.
        
               | ebruchez wrote:
               | > one of our friends suggested bosch because we wanted a
               | quiet appliance
               | 
               | We've been very happy with our Bosch. Don't ever buy a
               | cheap dishwasher.
        
               | ncmncm wrote:
               | You can spend as much as you like on a dishwasher. $200,
               | $300, $400, $500, $700, $900, $1200.
               | 
               | The only real difference above $400 is how loud it is. In
               | a silent room you can't tell whether the $1200 dishwasher
               | is running at all.
               | 
               | That does not matter to everybody.
        
               | chronogram wrote:
               | I bought a store brand 9A kettle and it's fine [1].
               | They're simple products and shouldn't break unless you
               | have very hard water, in which case a round of vinegar
               | should clean that. What are you running into?
               | 
               | 1: https://www.blokker.nl/blokker-waterkoker-bl-10202---
               | rvs---1...
        
               | ncmncm wrote:
               | In the US, kettles are carefully designed to last one
               | year and no more. Same for a $20 or $100 unit.
               | 
               | I have not discovered a way to find one that is not so
               | designed. Regular reviews are useless.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | Last Yule I bought a toaster for my brother. All of them
               | felt kinda like crap, flimsy cheap, scratchy action... I
               | was not even looking at cheapest but something I imagine
               | to be reasonably mid-range that is around 50EUR mark.
               | After all it is a moving platform, some heating elements
               | and case. Not at all complicated.
        
               | ncmncm wrote:
               | At issue is whether spending more gets you a better
               | toaster, or just the same toaster but for more money. It
               | is hard to find out.
        
               | jfk13 wrote:
               | It's been mentioned on HN before, but in case you haven't
               | seen it: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1OfxlSG6q5Y.
        
               | pmyteh wrote:
               | Commercial toasters (and, I imagine, commercial electric
               | kettles) are 'good' in the sense of being well-built and
               | long-lasting. I've got a 1980s Dualit toaster which is
               | essentially bomb-proof (the clockwork timer will
               | eventually stop working but is easily replaced; even the
               | elements can be readily changed out if they get damaged).
               | 
               | Of course, the downside is that new ones start at PS150
               | or so. So it's difficult to make a financial case (as
               | opposed to an aesthetic, or a principled one) over a PS10
               | special from Tesco.
        
               | kasey_junk wrote:
               | The problem with 'commercial' kitchen equipment is that
               | most of it is just up branded domestic equipment.
               | 
               | When you do buy 'commercial' kitchen equipment you'll
               | notice lots of things that are just downright worse.
               | Energy efficiency, safety features, and noise reduction
               | are all things that are _way_ worse than with their
               | domestic counterparts.
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | "Real" commercial kitchen equipment is often totally
               | different.
               | 
               | Commercial fridges will stay cool even if their door is
               | opened 20 times an hour. Commercial glass washers take a
               | tenth of the time a home dishwasher takes. And if they're
               | noisy, ugly and they need to be cleaned every day without
               | fail, that's just normal commercial equipment.
        
         | blablabla123 wrote:
         | Just to give one example, CI pipelines seem to fail all the
         | time. For closed source and open source project. Just like
         | this, it worked in the last commit and in the new commit it
         | fails despite the test suite passing. The ultimate reason is
         | routine tasks pulling in a ton of complexity of which only a
         | tiny fraction is being used.
         | 
         | At workplaces this creates a lot of absurd situations that eat
         | up insane amounts of productivity.
         | 
         | Or another example, it's pretty common that water pipes don't
         | work as expected. (Congestion, low pressure, undesired
         | backflow, tricky to get water at body temperature...) Nobody
         | really complains, everybody lives with it and learns to
         | completely ignore it. I'm not saying these problems occur
         | everywhere 100% of the time but often enough to show there's
         | something structurally not working
        
           | darkarmani wrote:
           | > just to give one example, CI pipelines seem to fail all the
           | time.
           | 
           | Really? I've not seen this to be the case unless they are
           | never maintained (ie: a year goes by and ignored dependencies
           | change)
        
         | analog31 wrote:
         | House foundations, light switches, and water delivery, along
         | with the professions that install them, are all regulated and
         | licensed. There is somewhat of a trend for the quality of those
         | things to have regional variation, e.g., lower quality in
         | places that have historically had weak code enforcement and
         | weak unions. And yes, the regulation probably did make those
         | things more expensive.
        
           | spacebanana7 wrote:
           | The filesystems example given by OP is an interesting
           | counterpoint - Linux filesystems are the opposite of
           | regulated, regionally varied, and expensive.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | File systems are very expensive. Not up front, but instead
             | on failure. Bad/cheap file systems don't last long.
        
             | analog31 wrote:
             | That's also true. Filesystems do have an advantage of being
             | testable by millions of people, relatively stable from one
             | user to another over the medium term, and at least the
             | experts share their experiences. Also, there are no gaps in
             | the regions that benefit from good filesystems. Regional
             | enforcement means spotty enforcement.
             | 
             | As for expense, the reliability of the filesystem is free
             | up to a certain point. There are system failure modes that
             | have to be covered by hardware and admin expenses, such as
             | decentralized backups (just one example off the top of my
             | head).
        
             | PixelOfDeath wrote:
             | Well we also ended up with BTRFS raid5/6
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | q1w2 wrote:
             | I think "mature" is the more correct term. It's not the
             | regulation, it's just that it's been vetted and repeated so
             | many times that it has become rock solid.
             | 
             | This is why I never select cutting edge tech for our
             | company - unless it's part of our area of
             | expertise/innovation.
        
           | roland35 wrote:
           | Maybe more expensive up front but probably cheaper in the
           | long run!
        
             | swagasaurus-rex wrote:
             | If I could buy products that just work and don't break,
             | even if they cost 3x as much, they would pay for themselves
             | with longer lifespans and less wasted productivity.
        
               | andi999 wrote:
               | Historically you shd buy Miele then.
        
               | Schiendelman wrote:
               | For some products. Even they have some crap (in-wall
               | espresso...)
        
               | Tor3 wrote:
               | I replaced my 21 year old Miele washing machine recently.
               | The solenoid-driven water intake valve broke. It wasn't a
               | part of the machine itself, it was on the water intake
               | tube. But the replacement part was nearly half the price
               | of the brand new replacement Miele washing machine I
               | ended up buying instead. The new one is slightly larger
               | and has higher capacity, and doesn't suffer from a little
               | design problem the original had, so I was ok with getting
               | a new one. But yes, the original washing machine worked
               | _exactly_ as when it was brand new - it was just that
               | intake valve on the tube.
        
               | jeffreygoesto wrote:
               | Ha. I just recently cleaned all hoses of our 10 year old
               | one (all were quite ok to reach) and hope to have it
               | another 10 years.
        
             | bjoli wrote:
             | I have two things in my possession that are wonders of
             | engineering. One hair trimmer and one restaurant kitchen
             | blender/kitchen multifunction machine. Both made in 1987 in
             | East Germany.
             | 
             | The blender I bought second hand, and it came with a box of
             | original replacement parts and specifications so detailed
             | that I believe I could probably replace the motor if it
             | ever fails (almost 6hp! Take that, Vitamix!). It makes nut
             | butter in no time.
             | 
             | The trimmer could probably be used to cut down trees.
             | 
             | I love these machines, and if they ever fail I don't thing
             | I could ever replace them with anything of similar quality.
             | They are 35 years old. The electronics in the kitchen
             | machine still look pristine. I keep all bearings well
             | lubed. It runs like a Swiss watch. Only very loud.
        
               | dijit wrote:
               | is this not the very definition of survivorship bias
               | though?
               | 
               | I have things from the 80s that, obviously, have lasted a
               | long time. But I have owned things from that era that
               | have failed and been forgotten about.
               | 
               | Incidentally I bought some boots this year that are
               | expected to last (at a minimum) 10 years, and I suspect
               | they would, but I can't know that until 10 years from
               | now.
               | 
               | Heirloom quality is probably still a thing, but only
               | discoverable when an item actually becomes an heirloom.
        
               | bjoli wrote:
               | Probably. I don't have ten of these machines, so it is
               | hard to make a general statement.
               | 
               | I mostly meant it as a comment on what the parent said; I
               | could pay four times the price for something and have it
               | last 35 years (which is 15x longer than the blender I had
               | before it) I gladly would.
               | 
               | The fact that I can repair most of it is also a thing I
               | miss in the things I buy today.
        
               | torginus wrote:
               | Not necessarily. I also have an East German blender,
               | that's like 40 years old, and looks like hell, but works
               | perfectly. I bought another one, since the old one was
               | kinda hard to look at. It was a highly recommended
               | somewhat upmarket type from a _supposedly_ reputable
               | brand.
               | 
               | It broke within 2 years..
               | 
               | I took it apart and discovered it was full of plastic
               | gears on load bearing components which predictably got
               | annihilated by wear and tear. The old one had metal ones.
               | 
               | I echo the article's sentiment that while cheap usually
               | means bad, expensive stuff is usually indistinguishable
               | in quality from mass-market stuff nowadays.
        
               | PinguTS wrote:
               | The above author mentions that these machines are from
               | Eastern Germany. As I am from Eastern Germany myself, I
               | can tell you that we had regulations in place, that
               | machines had to last and had to be repairable. Those
               | regulations came into place, because we had heavily
               | resource problems.
               | 
               | Funfact: Those type of regulations are heavily discussed
               | even these times again, when I look at EU right to be
               | repair, or the discussions specifically around John Deere
               | and the right to be repair.
        
               | jeffreygoesto wrote:
               | Maybe a good move, as we will be facing resource problems
               | sooner than we like?
        
               | The-Bus wrote:
               | A nice trivia fact I learned is that East Germany made
               | the world's best selling digger. There's a fun
               | documentary (in German) that covers this. The machine
               | from the DDR is discussed starting at 27:53
               | 
               | Link = https://youtu.be/4TqJu0RS32w?t=1674
        
               | benlivengood wrote:
               | > is this not the very definition of survivorship bias
               | though?
               | 
               | Not necessarily; it's also sufficient to consider the
               | overall distribution of blenders and hair trimmers from
               | the 80s that are still working compared to the
               | distribution of items sold, which means it's also fairly
               | easy to spot because people use their kitchen/bathroom
               | appliances frequently and notice when exceptionally old
               | ones still work.
        
             | dotancohen wrote:
             | Just like a quality automobile, to bring the discussion
             | closer to the article. For example, a Tesla Model 3 might
             | cost more than a Hyundai I10, but after three years of
             | ownership you've not had to change the oil, fill it with
             | gas, get the tailpipe emissions inspected, possibly see the
             | catalytic converter stolen, etc. And the difference in
             | maintenance only grows from there, when the plugs and
             | timing belt and seals and transmission and other items
             | wear.
             | 
             | Lots of products have more expensive buy-in buy are cheaper
             | in the long run.
        
               | nly wrote:
               | My partner leases a petrol car, and except for pumping up
               | the tyres every now and then we've never done anything to
               | it.
               | 
               | Servicing is fully covered and the garage keeps track of
               | when things need changing.
               | 
               | It wasn't so long ago that leasing was actually cheaper
               | option than buying (on credit).
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | Even if you're not paying for the service, you still need
               | to take the time to do it or get it done for you.
        
               | Amezarak wrote:
               | I drive another manufacturer's equivalent of the Hyundai
               | you mention, their lowest end car that they actually quit
               | manufacturing, and I am sure the Hyundai is in the same
               | ballpark.
               | 
               | I change the oil about twice a year. Over the past eight
               | years, that has cost me about $480.
               | 
               | I have changed the transmission fluid three times. That
               | has cost me about $140.
               | 
               | I've changed the air filter a couple times...not very
               | often. Let's be generous and call it $40.
               | 
               | Around 120k I replaced the spark plugs. They were weirdly
               | expensive, costing about $100.
               | 
               | I have performed no other maintenance.
               | 
               | I have filled it with gas about once a week. It's a
               | pretty small tank. I'd estimate about $6000-$8000.
               | 
               | Add all that up, pretend electricity is free, and I have
               | still come out way, way, way ahead versus buying a Model
               | 3. I've still spent less than half of what I would have
               | on a Model 3.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | Thank you for the counterpoint. I concede that my idea of
               | what a modern motor vehicle is is outdated. I'm actually
               | happy to see that things have improved so much.
        
               | gigaflop wrote:
               | I hate to sound like I'm advocating for Sunk Cost, but
               | this helps put numbers to a feeling I've had:
               | 
               | The current cost-over-time of my (and apparently your)
               | ICE car is not meaningfully high enough to want to
               | 'upgrade' to an all-electric. Plus, when mechanical
               | problems eventually arise, there's already a somewhat-
               | independent parts and labor infrastructure to lean on to
               | get it back on the road.
               | 
               | On a personal level, I'm also opposed to giving Elon more
               | money, and opposed to the idea that my car may brick
               | itself with an auto-update. I also got a promotional 0%
               | loan on my car, have zero intention of paying that off
               | early, and can see this car lasting until 2028 or 2030.
               | Unless I have kids, this car should be fine for my needs
               | until then.
        
               | sneed wrote:
               | It all catches back up to you when the battery
               | replacement cost nearly totals the car though.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | I've got a 10 year warranty on the battery pack. And at
               | the rate that independent battery servicing is expanding,
               | there is a very good chance that independent pack
               | refurbishment or replacement will be affordable by March
               | 2032.
               | 
               | In any case, the wife's 1996 Hyundai was worth more to
               | the breaking yard than it was to the second hand market
               | when it's transmission failed in summer of 1997. So even
               | if the battery pack fails immediately after the warranty
               | period and that totals the car, I've still come out ahead
               | in total cost of ownership.
        
               | namdnay wrote:
               | How many miles are you putting on that i10?! An oil
               | change is every 2 years or 15k km. I think it's a bad
               | example btw, it's a famously reliable car (the taxi of
               | choice in Bogota fwiw)
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | Thanks, I updated the post. I had no idea that oil
               | changes are now once every two years. On the wife's
               | Subaru I still change the oil every six months, and I
               | remember when the standard was actually every three
               | months. She puts about 10 km on the car during those six
               | months, we live in a hilltop village half an hour drive
               | from a city.
        
               | thaeli wrote:
               | Time based oil changes (as a backup to mileage) in
               | gasoline vehicles are mostly to address oil contamination
               | from the engine not getting hot enough to boil off fuel
               | and combustion byproducts in the oil. It's a rough
               | heuristic for drive type - more advanced oil life
               | monitors know the actual drive cycles an engine is seeing
               | and will adjust appropriately, but for a basic time-
               | and/or-mileage schedule, it's more about picking some
               | interval that gets the oil changed before the additive
               | package is destroyed by combustion acids. If the car is
               | driven only short distances and never gets a chance to
               | fully warm up, six months is probably a reasonable
               | interval. If it gets a monthly spin on the highway for an
               | hour, two years is probably fine. Ideally, you'd be
               | measuring total base and total acid levels and
               | calculating change points based on that; this is common
               | practice for large truck engines but for a gasoline car
               | engine, an oil change can be cheaper than the lab tests.
               | (I'm still in favor of having oil testing done on at
               | least some changes, it's basically "routine bloodwork"
               | for your car and can detect many problems early.)
               | 
               | Another upshot of this is that with rarely driven
               | vehicles, you might as well use the cheapest oil which
               | meets appropriate specs, because your oil changes are
               | driven by additive depletion and oil contamination rather
               | than breakdown of the oil itself.
        
               | PinguTS wrote:
               | What? Oil change every three month? WTF is wrong with the
               | US industry?
               | 
               | The very same cars in Europe will have an oil change
               | every 2 years or so. My Volvo S60 Model 2000 has an oil
               | change every 3 years.
               | 
               | There must be something that you get sold on by marketing
               | that is so wrong. BTW. Also a Tesla has oil in their
               | gearbox, even if it is just a single gear integrated into
               | the single unit combined with motor and inverter. For a
               | Model S it is recommend to replace it every 12.5k miles,
               | which is exactly the very same recommendation as with
               | other car model.
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | I'm not in the US, but I have lived there and I did learn
               | that frequency there. Like I mentioned in another thread,
               | I worked as a service technician at Ford and that was the
               | recommendation then (1990s).
               | 
               | As for the Model S fluid change, thank you for mentioning
               | it, I did not know that. I believe that there is no fluid
               | change interval defined on the Model 3, which I just
               | recently bought.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | There are many gasoline vehicles that specify no fluid
               | changes for certain parts, infamously, transmissions.
               | Longer lasting synthetic fluids allow them to advertise
               | lower maintenance costs, but they still do wear out.
               | They'd rather the transmission wears out after 150k miles
               | anyway.
        
               | criddell wrote:
               | Volvo recommends an oil change every 16,000 km.
               | 
               | Because everybody drives differently, mileage and time
               | based recommendations aren't the best. Some places will
               | offer to test your used motor oil during a change and
               | will tell you if you waited too long or changed it to
               | early.
        
               | alistairSH wrote:
               | Both my cars (late model, US spec, Honda and BMW) have
               | oil change intervals "as indicated" OR every year,
               | whichever is shorter.
               | 
               | The "as indicated" ends up being around 8-10k miles in
               | practice, with start/stop cycles, short trips, and other
               | factors swinging it higher/lower.
               | 
               | These days, we average <4k miles year per car, so use the
               | annual interval.
        
               | vel0city wrote:
               | > For a Model S it is recommend to replace it every 12.5k
               | miles
               | 
               | There was a recommendation to change the gear oil
               | previously, but newer versions of the S removed those.
               | Even then I seem to recall it was _way_ longer than
               | 12,500 miles.
               | 
               | https://www.tesla.com/ownersmanual/models/en_us/GUID-E95D
               | AAD...
               | 
               | Your vehicle should generally be serviced on an as-needed
               | basis. However, Tesla recommends the following
               | maintenance items and intervals, as applicable to your
               | vehicle, to ensure continued reliability and efficiency
               | of your Model S.
               | 
               | Brake fluid health check every 2 years (replace if
               | necessary). A/C desiccant bag replacement every 3 years.
               | Cabin air filter replacement every 3 years. Clean and
               | lubricate brake calipers every year or 12,500 miles
               | (20,000 km) if in an area where roads are salted during
               | winter Rotate tires every 6,250 miles (10,000 km) or if
               | tread depth difference is 2/32 in (1.5 mm) or greater,
               | whichever comes first
               | 
               | Seeing as how the recommended cleaning and lubrication of
               | the brakes is 12,500mi, I'm wondering if you heard that
               | and got confused about the lubrication needs. As
               | mentioned in their manual, this is really only
               | recommended for places where they salt the roads in the
               | winter. Since the brakes don't get used as much its even
               | worse than a regular car with the corrosion. If you're
               | not in a high road salt area, its not a problem.
               | 
               | The recommended service interval on other EVs also have
               | extremely extended oil change intervals. The service life
               | of the Mach E's gear oil is 150,000mi and the coolant
               | change is at 200,000mi.
               | 
               | https://www.fordservicecontent.com/Ford_Content/Catalog/o
               | wne... (warning: PDF document)
               | 
               | If you're changing your EV's oil every 12,500 miles
               | you're either doing it way too often, you bought a
               | defective EV, or you should repair the leaks.
        
               | maxerickson wrote:
               | Without meaning to argue that it is necessary, it
               | persists because it just isn't that big a cost. Gas isn't
               | the largest cost of ownership and 5,000 miles of cheap US
               | gas is still ~10x the cost of an oil change.
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | Even in Finland it is one oil change a year, and that
               | includes proper winters...
               | 
               | The price difference buys lot of maintenance. And gas...
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | The i10 is a rather low end car, but the upgrade could be
               | worth it. Finland gas prices are 8.464 USD/gallon right
               | now. That's unusually high but assuming 200k miles at say
               | 35 mpg that adds up to 48,000 USD in gas over the
               | lifetime of the vehicle.
               | 
               | Not that electricity is free or that we have long term
               | cost data, but I suspect the EV / plug in hybrid premium
               | is a very easy choice in Finland.
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | I was curious so I did some math about this.
               | 
               | The average car life in Finland seems to be 15.6 years
               | (let's round that to 16, helping the case for EVs).
               | 
               | The average distance traveled by Finnish cars, based on
               | 2018 data, is about 13600km per year (let's make that
               | 14000km per year, also helping the case for EVs).
               | 
               | That works out to 224k km over the lifetime of a car.
               | That's only 140k miles.
               | 
               | Regarding your 35mpg (was 30mpg before the edit), that's
               | 6.7l per 100km (7.8 before edit), let's make that 7l per
               | 100km (and 8 before edit), further helping the case for
               | EVs.
               | 
               | But in reality a small car such as the i10 probably uses
               | more like 5-5.5l per 100km (40-45mpg).
               | 
               | Then the gas price is super high due to the Covid
               | economic bounceback coupled with the supply chain issues
               | plus the latest conflict.
               | 
               | I'd say your numbers are too optimistic plus they're for
               | the entire lifetime of the car. The average owner
               | probably has the car for half that duration, at best. So
               | they don't really care about the entire lifetime.
               | 
               | Still, things seem to be getting closer than 10 years
               | ago, for example.
               | 
               | The really bad thing is the upfront price. There's no
               | comparable EV in the i10 price range, which is a very
               | cheap car (we're talking about a car around EUR12k).
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | I actually looked it up. 35 MPG is perhaps generous when
               | their 2021 cars are averaging 30.9MPG, but it's a low
               | sample size.
               | 
               | https://www.fuelly.com/car/hyundai/grand_i10
               | 
               | Finland imports a lot of used cars but: "An average car
               | in the fleet 12.6 years of age" that suggest the car
               | actually lasts to ~25.2 years. It's not that simple
               | because again they are importing and exporting used cars.
               | 
               | https://www.aut.fi/files/2524/Annual_statistics_of_car_ma
               | rke...
        
               | bluedino wrote:
               | Many Americans drive 15k (9,000 miles) in 6 months
        
               | pja wrote:
               | For some reason people in the US are obsessed with
               | changing the oil in their vehicle.
               | 
               | Modern engines & oils don't need the oil changing every
               | 3000 miles, but the folklore belief in the necessity of
               | doing so rolls on unstoppably in the USA.
        
               | hef19898 wrote:
               | I have both, two modern cars with services all 30k km and
               | one from the 80s with motor oil changes every 5k, gearbox
               | oil every 10k and axles every 10k as well. Not to mention
               | that modern gearboxes and exles tend to be greased for
               | life.
        
               | city41 wrote:
               | A factor is oil change shops still put a sticker on the
               | windshield that says to come back in 3000 miles. It's of
               | course in their interest for people to change their oil
               | too often.
        
               | JoachimSchipper wrote:
               | Ehm, doesn't Tesla have famously bad quality control in
               | several areas, e.g. fit of body panels? EVs, as a
               | category, need less maintenance - but Tesla's are not an
               | example of a trouble-free product!
               | 
               | (They are legitimately cool though!)
        
               | dotancohen wrote:
               | Sure, the early Model 3's had body panel fit problems. I
               | actually bought one last week, and the fit is amazing,
               | both interior and exterior. I don't know why that point
               | keeps coming up. For what it's worth, I used to be a tech
               | at a Ford dealer, so I know what bad fitment looks like!
        
               | mkr-hn wrote:
               | Initial news always spreads further and faster than
               | updates. This is normal and should have been expected by
               | the company. They took the risk of rushing and get to
               | suffer the consequences.
        
               | kreddor wrote:
               | Also, I've driven a Hyundai i10 for the last 10 years and
               | it's been very reliable. Maybe because I don't drive that
               | much to begin with, but still.
        
         | Swizec wrote:
         | Look up "Things seen this week during structural inspections!"
         | on imgur. Some truly horrifying stuff from that person.
         | 
         | For some of these foundations to still be standing and building
         | occupants not to notice anything's wrong ... I can't even
         | imagine how much safety factor is built-in. If we built
         | software with those margins, nothing would ever ship.
         | 
         | Here's a few: https://imgur.com/gallery/Ko2jo4j
         | 
         | https://imgur.com/gallery/fD4jCdc
         | 
         | https://imgur.com/gallery/0JyOXy0
         | 
         | Sometimes they share pictures of foundations completely
         | detached from anything. And it keeps working!
        
           | ______-_-______ wrote:
           | I'm planning to buy a house in the next year or two. I would
           | 100% hire this guy as the inspector if I knew who he was.
           | Those photos are more effective than any marketing.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | You'll love
             | https://structuretech.com/category/newconstruction/ them
             | where issues are found at _new_ construction.
        
             | ryanchants wrote:
             | The imgur account name is the business name, Alpha
             | Structural: https://www.yelp.com/biz/alpha-structural-los-
             | angeles-8
        
               | ______-_-______ wrote:
               | For some reason I thought it was a throwaway account
               | name. Thanks for pointing out the obvious!
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | Many of those things mentioned have changed very little in
         | decades. Some have also been under continuous improvement for
         | hundreds or thousands of years.
        
           | emodendroket wrote:
           | Which?
        
             | throwaway111023 wrote:
             | house foundations, water delivery off the top of my head,
             | logistics in general possibly if I'm wanting to stretch the
             | term.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | Foundations change (tensioned slab, etc) and water inside
               | of houses (copper vs pvc vs PEX vs lead). Electrical is
               | even in frequent flux under those timescales. Insulation
               | as well.
               | 
               | Very little stays consistent...
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | But the concept of water being fed through pipe, from a
               | reservoir, chlorination, etc have been around a long
               | time. Sure implementation details change, but they and
               | the concepts they build off of have been around. You
               | mention pvc, copper, and pex (lead is over 50 years old
               | and many have been replaced). Those are just materials.
               | How do they affect end user on a daily basis?
               | 
               | How long has electrical be 120v AC? How long has auto
               | voltage been 12v vs 5v?
               | 
               | Details, materials, and implementation change (building
               | off of prior versions), concepts and overarching system
               | designs are slow to change.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | emodendroket wrote:
               | That feels like we're stretching the claim a whole lot.
               | The "basic concept" of a Tesla isn't that different than
               | a Model T but I think most people would reject the claim
               | that cars haven't really changed much.
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | Road design and laws have mostly stayed the same in the
               | past 50 years. How about controls (pedals, wheel, etc) -
               | more or less the same as well (subject to regulations).
               | 
               | There are similarities in your example. The fact that
               | Tesla has autopilot and is an EV represent two of the
               | biggest moves away from traditional car concepts. If you
               | used an ICE car I would say the concepts haven't changed
               | much.
        
           | asdfaoeu wrote:
           | I think that just shows that these things take time but the
           | process does work.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | There's counterexamples for each of those though; just thinking
         | of Flint, Michigan, or the Great Toilet Paper Shortage of 2020.
         | Also I had to replace a light switch in my shed the other day.
        
         | servytor wrote:
         | I read somewhere, and this guy was talking about how if you
         | want your house to sell for more, invest in everything you
         | physically touch. High quality doorknobs, faucets, and light
         | switches have a marked impact on our unconscious valuation of a
         | house.
        
         | markus_zhang wrote:
         | I think you put too much confidence in other engineering
         | fields. They go wrong all the time (you might notice some when
         | purchasing a house) and changes are extremely slow and
         | expensive.
        
         | isolli wrote:
         | It reminds me of this anecdote (probably a joke):
         | 
         | After the fall of the Soviet Union, UK experts flew in to help
         | with the transition, and one of the apparatchiks asked: "We are
         | eager to try this capitalism thing; now tell us: who is in
         | charge of the daily delivery of bread to London?"
        
         | Volrath89 wrote:
         | As someone who writes software for a big grocery store chain in
         | Germany I'm surprised the logistics work at all. It's a s*show
         | inside once you know the details, but somehow, yes it kind of
         | works well enough as for the customers to not even realize is
         | there.
        
         | mdp2021 wrote:
         | Check the deltas, the derivative. There exist long lists from
         | personal experiences of things that worked very well and now
         | are of comparatively terrible quality.
         | 
         | The issue is then not just with the item, but with societies
         | that are increasingly accepting low quality: this is a horrible
         | trend, and one side of decadence. You get both, flanked: low
         | quality here for the occasion and decadence around for the
         | trend.
         | 
         | The idea you say of some "distracted" ones "not realizing the
         | failure potential" has a legitimate justification, beyond the
         | simple inattentive, in those (inexperienced) that assume, for a
         | number of reasons (especially including an internal healthy
         | "mindset" of good standards), things are done properly. There
         | is a line in a script for Scorsese that goes like: <<I'm the
         | guy doing my job, you must be the other one>>.
        
           | IshKebab wrote:
           | Society has always been accepting of low quality cheap stuff.
           | It's just that there's a ton more of it available now.
        
             | mdp2021 wrote:
             | No, it's not a matter of <<low-quality cheap>>:
             | 
             | things that twenty, ten, five years ago were of high
             | quality - same brand, update of same model - now you buy at
             | a comparatively abysmal quality for a very similar price.
             | It is today easy to find products which are cheap in
             | manufacturing and expensive as a price tag.
             | 
             | This means that, in some way, people in some/many societies
             | are tolerating quality degradation. And a decrease of
             | alternatives is contributing. That, in some areas, it was
             | once not necessary to spend time investigating which
             | product was high or just decent quality (already the price
             | could have been a good indicator), while now it is part of
             | your task, shows that tolerance for low quality has
             | increased. That is not for the 1 dollar item, but for whole
             | range up to many figures.
             | 
             | And, a staggeringly increased inability to perceive
             | degradation in general is evident today visiting some
             | territories (and see what is tolerated now and was not
             | before).
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | Or they just take longish time to fail and then cause lot of
         | issues.
         | 
         | Foundations are such, 70s-80s had certain style which now has
         | been found to lead to issues like mold if done even slightly
         | imperfectly.
         | 
         | Or water pipes from certain age that have already in 20-30s
         | have started to leak, these being copper pipes...
        
         | onion2k wrote:
         | _These are all things that most people never notice because
         | they just work._
         | 
         | Taking the example of grocery store logistics, the number of
         | times products are unavailable in my local store makes me thing
         | that's a thing that doesn't "just work". It's something that
         | breaks down regularly, and possibly has lots of people working
         | hard to keep it from breaking even more often.
         | 
         | The same is true for lots of things. Stuff like water delivery
         | and silicon manufacturing doesn't break all the time because
         | lots of people are fighting to make it work, and are actively
         | maintaining it all the time.
         | 
         | I think it's possible that most things don't "just work", and
         | we're just fortunate that there are teams of people out there
         | stopping us seeing the effects of all the failures.
        
           | ksec wrote:
           | As I wrote recently, [1]
           | 
           | > And it also pretty much sums up how most people in Tech
           | have minimal understanding of Supply Chains and logistics
           | works. Even distribution alone, within a single country (
           | ignoring the cross border logistics ) is complex enough.
           | 
           | Let me tell you supply chain and product availability in
           | store ( especially grocery ) is still an unsolved problem.
           | For a lot of different reasons and market dynamics. But
           | mostly because grocery stores also have their own brand which
           | compete with other products, and sharing sales data for
           | better forecast is still a big no no. Compare to let say
           | Smartphone, your average retail store will have zero chance
           | completing with Apple or Samsung. So every time an iPhone is
           | sold Apple knew instantly and can better manage their supply
           | chain. Both domestic and international.
           | 
           | If we didn't had COVID and Chip Shortage, most of the world
           | still doesn't give any credit or importance to Supply Chain
           | management. Even though it is the basic fabric of our
           | society. And that is speaking with experience working with
           | Fortune Global 500.
           | 
           | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30662680
        
           | hef19898 wrote:
           | That's no contradiction. Logistics and manufacturing works
           | because people are spending their professional lives
           | maintaining them. It's the outside that doesn't see these
           | efforts, for them it "just works". Like electricity.
        
           | orzig wrote:
           | Are those people optimizing for having every product
           | available at every time? They have to balance against the
           | very real cost of spoilage, so I don't think they consider
           | the occasional out-of-stock as the system breaking
        
             | lozenge wrote:
             | Yes they are. Product availability is the most important
             | factor in choosing a grocery store, as unavailability makes
             | people need to visit additional stores or change
             | recipes/plans on the fly. Some spoilage is factored in and
             | is just a minor bit of negative PR. However, the supply
             | chain disruptions since 2020 are too big for any grocery
             | chain to "solve".
             | 
             | https://hbr.org/2004/05/stock-outs-cause-walkouts
        
               | michaelt wrote:
               | The answer is actually "It depends"
               | 
               | For some products like pasta and canned tomatoes, you can
               | hold enough stock to deal with a 99th-percentile day
               | without any wastage at all; if it doesn't sell today,
               | it'll sell tomorrow.
               | 
               | But for those little packaged sushi snacks with a one-day
               | shelf life? Any overstock is going in the trash at the
               | end of the day.
               | 
               | And sushi snacks mostly sell to workers on their lunch
               | breaks. You'll see big fluctuations in demand if a nearby
               | office changes their work-from-home policy, or has a big
               | all-hands meeting that gets everyone in. Even the
               | greatest demand modelling can't predict such things, as
               | nearby office meetings aren't available as a model input.
               | 
               | Some products are also easily more easily substitutable
               | than others: If the 1kg pack of mid-priced spaghetti is
               | out of stock, maybe I buy the low-priced brand, the
               | premium brand, the 500g packet, the wholewheat version
               | and so on.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | >Product availability is the most important factor in
               | choosing a grocery store
               | 
               | For many people, price is almost certainly at least as
               | big a factor. Many, perhaps even most, people are willing
               | to accept things being out of stock now and then for 10%
               | lower prices.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | hutrdvnj wrote:
         | To be precise, that depends on the actual filesystem. But ext4
         | works really well.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Because there is a power-relationship between the manufacturer
       | and the consumer. Initially, a small amount of power is with the
       | consumer, but at the moment of purchase the power shifts to the
       | manufacturer. Since the power concentrates at the manufacturer,
       | the latter will end up with massive amounts of power. This
       | results in products that are in many ways shitty for the
       | consumer.
        
       | ncmncm wrote:
       | When I interview, I like to look around and see how many short
       | people work there. A place that picks up the short people other
       | companies don't must be recognizing their value.
       | 
       | I would like to favor places with more women in tech jobs, but
       | generally just don't find any at all, anywhere. Everywhere I have
       | worked they were always trying to hire more women but never got
       | any applicants, or couldn't hire the ones they found.
        
         | kingcharles wrote:
         | Huh, interesting. I would second MtF transgender. I've worked
         | at places that will interview so they can appear what you might
         | now call "woke", but then not hire based on their dislike, not
         | skills or personality.
         | 
         | And there are so many MtFs in tech. I'd love to see statistics,
         | but it feels skewed.
        
           | amanaplanacanal wrote:
           | I don't have statistics at hand, but folks on the autism
           | spectrum are more likely to be queer or otherwise gender non-
           | conforming. So if there are more autistic people in tech this
           | certainly makes sense.
        
             | kingcharles wrote:
             | That's interesting too. I can definitely see that from
             | personal observances, but what is driving it?
        
           | Mezzie wrote:
           | It is skewed.
           | 
           | This is one of those things I Can't Say in most places, but
           | (unless you transitioned in elementary school) the MtF
           | experience in tech and the cis female experience are totally
           | different, and they (the MtFs) know it, because so much of
           | our work is done online where you can be whatever gender/sex
           | you want. I _know_ how people reacted to me when they thought
           | I was male vs. female.
           | 
           | Age plays into it, too. Everything was fine before I went
           | through puberty, but a lot of young techie men have a really
           | hard time with their sexuality and take that out on their
           | female colleagues in various ways. (I've also seen some gross
           | reversals in female-dominated professions re: issues with
           | men, so...) Now that I'm in my 30s and the men in that
           | insecure/figuring things out age range aren't interested,
           | it's better again.
        
             | kingcharles wrote:
             | I don't know what it's like now as I've not worked in an
             | office for 15 years, but back in the day being a woman in a
             | tech company must have been horrible. Most tech guys I knew
             | had zero experience with interacting with women and
             | therefore would unconsciously act in the most creepy manner
             | towards any and all women. Also, the women would get no
             | respect as they were automatically assumed to have inferior
             | technical skills.
        
         | Decker87 wrote:
        
           | 4gotunameagain wrote:
           | Shhh men and women are exactly the same, have the same
           | desires and strong points, men that decided at 25 that they
           | are not men can magically become women, there should be a
           | 50/50 split in prestigious jobs (but not construction or
           | underwater welding), and if you disagree with any of the
           | above you don't believe in equality and are practically a
           | Nazi.
        
             | AussieWog93 wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Straw_man
        
       | tiltwindmill wrote:
       | Why programs terminate? Best things in life are free?
        
       | cowpig wrote:
       | Reading this I get the feeling that Dan is missing a major
       | selection bias: he has extremely high standards and is very
       | competent, and tends to be friends with people who also have very
       | high standards and who are competent.
       | 
       | It stands to reason that he and the people he interacts with are
       | going to build things of higher quality than whatever is commonly
       | available.
        
       | DannyBee wrote:
       | The problem here is actually very basic - markets do not enforce
       | efficiency. Period. The efficient market hypothesis is simply
       | wrong. Strong form efficiency was already formally disproven
       | quite a while ago. Weak form efficiency has been show to only
       | true if P=NP.
       | 
       | There is not really a strong need to go into why inefficiencies
       | can persist, etc, because at a baseline, it turns out there is no
       | provable theory that markets _should_ be efficient at all.
       | 
       | Instead, we have the sort of equivalent of Galileo - people
       | really badly want markets to be efficient. They feel like they
       | should be, because intuitively, it seems like it should work that
       | way (much in the "god does not play dice" sense). People who
       | suggest they aren't, even when math backs them up, are ridiculed.
       | Eventually, as Max Planck said, science will advance funeral by
       | funeral, and we'll stop pretending markets should be efficient
       | based on "the efficient market hypothesis". Or we'll discover
       | P=NP! Which would be much cooler.
        
         | mathieutd wrote:
         | Do you a reference for these statements? I'd be curious to read
         | more about the topic.
        
           | DannyBee wrote:
           | Weak form efficiency - https://arxiv.org/abs/1002.2284 is one
           | such proof.
           | 
           | For strong form efficiency (which requires markets perfectly
           | reflect all available information) - You would have trouble
           | finding people who still believe in strong form efficiency.
           | The weak form paper above cites several papers that go into
           | why strong form efficiency is impossible. There are formal
           | proof versions around. In practice, even empirical studies of
           | strong form efficiency haven't supported it either - it's
           | just very easy to find practical counterexamples.
        
             | emtel wrote:
             | I skimmed this paper and it seems to be exceptionally bad.
             | The proof sketch offered is that a winning strategy can be
             | verified quickly, but finding a winning strategy requires
             | searching over 3^n possible strategies.
             | 
             | But this assumes that brute force is the only possible way
             | to find a winning strategy, and thus proves far too much. A
             | similar argument would prove that sorting is NP hard, if
             | you start by the assumption that the only way to sort data
             | is by trying every possible permutation.
             | 
             | I may be wrong, but I'm pretty sure any time you claim to
             | have a proof that a problem is NP complete, but your proof
             | doesn't include a reduction, you're doing it wrong.
             | 
             | (The paper does offer what it calls a reduction to 3-sat ,
             | but it's completely hand-wavy, and I can't even understand
             | the intuition behind it at all.)
        
           | makeitdouble wrote:
           | I think it's pretty close to Ed Catmull's "Success Hides
           | Problems".
           | 
           | The underlying thesis being that market success is orthogonal
           | to your internal company's state, inefficiencies included.
        
         | solveit wrote:
         | Sure, sure, you can encode difficult computational problems
         | into markets in convoluted ways, but this is uninteresting
         | unless you're into that kind of thing.
         | 
         | When people usually say that markets aren't efficient, they
         | don't mean that optimal resource allocation is a
         | computationally intractable problem. They're saying that they
         | see, clear as day, obvious inefficiencies that aren't being
         | corrected. They're saying that there are easily noticeable
         | inefficiencies that aren't being corrected. And finding easily
         | noticeable inefficiencies isn't NP-hard, by definition of
         | easily noticeable.
         | 
         | A better version of the efficient market hypothesis would be
         | that markets are _inexploitable_. There is no easy action I can
         | take that corrects a market inefficiency and makes me money.
         | This is the version that comes up in cocktail party
         | conversations and it 's also the one that Dan Luu is talking
         | about. "If XXX is systemically undervalued by the market, why
         | can't I start a company that specialises in using XXX?" The
         | discussion following this question is much more relevant and
         | interesting than encoding 3SAT into economic models.
        
           | munificent wrote:
           | _> A better version of the efficient market hypothesis would
           | be that markets are inexploitable._
           | 
           | No, that's absolutely not true and relies on what I think is
           | the most perniciously false assumption behind market
           | economics: that all market participants only make moves
           | _within the market itself_.
           | 
           | If you're trying to win _at chess_ then learning to master
           | the rules and strategy of chess is where you focus your
           | attention. But if you 're trying to _defeat your opponent_
           | (or _not_ get defeated _by them_ ), you'll probably do better
           | to bring a gun and/or body armor. If you focus 100% of your
           | attention on the chessboard, you are completely opening
           | yourself up for exploitation by an opponent who is willing to
           | play the metagame.
           | 
           | And, indeed, in market economics, actors invariably _do_ play
           | the metagame. This is why we get cabals, trusts, rent
           | seeking, regulatory capture, monopolies, price fixing, price
           | dumping, lobbying, etc.
           | 
           | The ultimate goal of market actors is _not_ to be maximally
           | efficient. It 's not even to win the market game. It's to
           | make the most money. And often the best way to make the most
           | money is to rig the game, cheat, or get the rules changed in
           | your favor.
        
           | chalst wrote:
           | Inexploitability is not efficiency. Back in the 2000s, plenty
           | of financiers knew the subprime market was overpricing assets
           | for years before anyone figured out how to profitably short
           | the market.
           | 
           | Hard to deflate asset-price bubbles are a fact of finance.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Big_Short
        
           | DannyBee wrote:
           | It's only uninteresting because economics refuses to be based
           | on anything but the empirical (leading us into the situation
           | we are in now), and so considers things like "math" to be
           | mostly uninteresting "unless you are into that kind of
           | thing". I looked at markets for a while, this is what i saw.
           | Therefore, it's true.
           | 
           | As I said, there is no reason those efficiencies should be
           | easily correctable - because markets aren't efficient! That's
           | the whole point. It's only in an efficient market that they
           | _would_ be correctable. This is the same as lots of
           | computational and other problems. Lots of instances are easy
           | and heuristics can often work very well. But you will still
           | come up with situations where obviously broken things happen
           | and are hard to make algorithms work.
           | 
           | It's sort of like having a cocktail party conversation about
           | why you can't exceed the speed of light. Except because it's
           | economics, you get stuck because there often isn't any real
           | rigor behind it that you can push on. Just the empirical.
           | Which I get why it's fun to talk about (really!) - without
           | any meaningful rigor, anyone can participate and have fun -
           | got a crazy empirical story? Awesome, that's all you need to
           | _prove_ something in economics! It makes for fun discussions
           | where most people can participate and feel like it 's not too
           | hard.
           | 
           | I have no issue with that - my issue is of course that the
           | cocktail party is not distinguishable from the field ;)
           | 
           | Beyond that, arguing they are inexploitable/unpredictable
           | seems equivalent to whether they are efficient (and in most
           | papers is considered equivalent to the efficiency
           | hypothesis). I'm really unsure how you are trying to
           | distinguish it. Maybe you could formulate it for real and
           | show how it is not equivalent to the efficiency question?
        
         | Jensson wrote:
         | It isn't about market efficiency at all, people are just
         | incompetent. If people could create good products they would
         | and they would become rich, but they can't. If Samsung suddenly
         | started delivering the same quality as Apple they would make a
         | lot of money long term, everyone knows this and even if it
         | isn't true the people who manage Samsung actually believes it
         | and they try to get there. The reason they can't isn't that
         | they aren't trying but that they don't have competent enough
         | people to get it done. Leaders are a part of "people" btw, so
         | if you say it is structural or organizational bloat, well you
         | fix structural and organizational bloat issues by having
         | competent leaders, so those problems are caused by lack of
         | competent people.
        
           | ElephantsMyAnus wrote:
           | It's about what kind of competence is favored by the market -
           | it favors people who can get funding, which is not
           | necessarily related to the ability to get the job done.
        
           | Tenoke wrote:
           | The argument isn't about a specific company having the
           | competency but that someone would and they would rise above.
           | 
           | Also, more specifically - as a Samsung user for my
           | preferences they offer as good or better products than Apple
           | while operating on a smaller budget.
        
         | jsnodlin wrote:
        
       | jrockway wrote:
       | I always enjoy danluu's blog; one of the few I have bookmarked
       | and go randomly read from time to time. Some random comments on
       | out-of-context snippets:
       | 
       | > For example, we tried "buy" instead of "build" for a product
       | that syncs data from Postgres to Snowflake. ... Despite being
       | widely recommended and the leading product in the space, the
       | product has a number of major design flaws that mean that it
       | literally cannot work.
       | 
       | This is nearly always my experience with buying software,
       | especially software I know I can write myself. I always run into
       | massive pushback if I propose writing such software. It comes
       | across as too risky -- what if I get bored, what if it's actually
       | too hard and I can't do it, etc. What people never think about
       | are the benefits; full knowledge and control over the process.
       | 
       | I have bought so much software and it's made me sad every time.
       | You're always promised the world before you sign the contract,
       | and then you sign it and none of the things that were supposed to
       | work work. Support tickets take days to be resolved; passed
       | around like hot potatoes. In the time it took to get someone to
       | reply to my email, I could have just written it myself.
       | 
       | Many years ago I was looking at Istio. I wanted some enhanced
       | Kubernetes ingress support, and Istio checked the checkboxes;
       | what I needed now, and room to grow. But it sure had a lot of
       | detractors on the Internet, and a ton of alarming-sounding open
       | bugs. I thought about rewriting the parts I needed from scratch,
       | and went to see what parts of their code I could steal.
       | 
       | I looked at the core XDS implementation, and it was completely
       | wrong. It didn't implement the protocol correctly at all,
       | conveniently swallowing crucial errors that probably explain most
       | of the filed bugs.
       | 
       | So, I decided to write my own version and a few days + 2000 lines
       | of code later, I had the parts I needed and they worked
       | perfectly. I didn't have to scrutinize the docs, I didn't have to
       | file 30 bugs. I just typed in some code, deployed it to
       | production, and ... it's never bothered me since. It was risky,
       | but it worked out better; I can explain the entire system to
       | anyone with a question and I can add whatever features I want. It
       | was way better than buying. (I'm equally happy with the two
       | version of a single signon system I wrote. It works exactly how I
       | want it to work, and costs $0 month for an Enterprise contract.
       | Savings!)
       | 
       | There are counterexamples, of course. Once upon a time, I needed
       | to learn CAD. Instead of writing my own software, I just bought
       | Fusion 360. I didn't know anything about CAD at the time, so
       | there is no way I could have built something better. (I probably
       | could have implemented the "don't crash for no reason"
       | functionality that eludes their developers, but wouldn't have
       | even known to implement sketches or geometric constraints. They
       | just know the domain so much better than me, there is no way in
       | the world I could ever have made something better.)
       | 
       | > Since then, many people have changed their opinion to "having
       | ever locked down was stupid, we were always going to end up with
       | endemic covid, all of this economic damage was pointless".
       | 
       | This happens all the time, not just with pandemic restrictions.
       | The pattern is that people want to cure X, and suggest remedy Y.
       | People try remedy Y for a while, get bored, and then declare
       | remedy Y a sham. It's universal across fields; "I tried running
       | but didn't lose weight", "We tried writing more tests but it
       | didn't increase reliability", "We tried sheltering in place but
       | the disease didn't die", "I took antibiotics for a few days but
       | the strep throat came back". The problem is not that remedy Y is
       | ineffective (though it certainly can be, that's where this
       | heuristic comes from), but that it wasn't used for long enough. I
       | think changing habits is one of the hardest things humans can do,
       | so we are quick to declare defeat when success can only be
       | measured over a long period of time.
       | 
       | > You could imagine services would, like Amazon, request a photo
       | along with "proof of delivery" or perhaps use GPS to check that
       | the driver was plausibly at least in the same neighborhood as the
       | building at the time of delivery, but they generally don't seem
       | to do that?
       | 
       | Amazon does this sporadically. Sometimes I get photos, sometimes
       | I don't.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | > having ever locked down was stupid, we were always going to
         | end up with endemic covid
         | 
         | COVID lock down/shelter in place orders were never intended to
         | avoid endemic disease altogether. They were about slowing down
         | its spread just enough that the healthcare system would remain
         | functional while the disease became endemic. And they mostly
         | worked OK for that.
        
           | syntheweave wrote:
           | One of the issues with how it was handled was the handwavy
           | and contradictory information that many governments and
           | public health czars circulated: that handwashing is most
           | important, that masks are effective or not effective or only
           | some kinds are, that the lockdown will be "two weeks to slow
           | the spread" and so forth.
           | 
           | It was the public health equivalent of "take two asprin and
           | call in the morning". While there were successes for sure,
           | clear and consistent communication was not among them.
        
             | tonyedgecombe wrote:
             | A lot of that came right from the top. In the UK we had a
             | prime minister who said he was shaking peoples hands in
             | hospital and attending his mothers birthday party to nearly
             | dying within a couple of weeks.
        
           | wavesquid wrote:
           | They were in some countries.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | There's a difference between "plumbing" software and "user"
         | software. If photoshop or autocad become crap something _will_
         | replace them (the pressure Dan talks about).
         | 
         | But most enterprise software is plumbing - that you figure out
         | how to use "well enough" and mostly leave it alone to do its
         | thing. That software has little pressure and often ends up
         | being basically bypassed.
        
           | tonyedgecombe wrote:
           | The users of enterprise software are captive, they can't
           | choose another solution or supplier without changing jobs.
           | Mostly they hate it and IT in general which I think is at
           | least partially the reason for the success of SaaS.
        
       | bjarneh wrote:
       | > I valued men and women equally, and found that because other
       | employers did not, good women economists were less expensive than
       | men.
       | 
       | Is this a very nice way of saying that you can hire women
       | economists and underpay them in order to make money?
        
         | resonious wrote:
         | Seems like it, yes. I've seen similar arguments made regarding
         | foreign labor. "I value people of all countries the same - it's
         | just that only <some nationality> seem to be willing to work
         | for that value".
        
         | Tenoke wrote:
         | You can paint it negatively but hiring them when others don't
         | also improves their salaries - if everyone else followed their
         | lead there'll be no inefficiency and they won't be underpaid.
        
         | Double_a_92 wrote:
         | Not because they are women though, but because they had trouble
         | finding work somewhere else. So the company had a bigger
         | negotiation power. That's just capitalism, supply and demand...
        
           | bjarneh wrote:
           | > Not because they are women though, but because they had
           | trouble finding work somewhere else
           | 
           | Because they were women?
        
             | Double_a_92 wrote:
             | Originally yes, of course. But that's not the fault of the
             | person that actually hires them. If you are the only
             | company that hires everyone without any discrimination, you
             | just have a bigger supply of people.
        
               | ksec wrote:
               | This argument is not going to end well on HN.
        
       | Talinx wrote:
       | One effect that might also be at play here is, assuming that
       | excellence follows a Pareto distribution:
       | 
       | If your team is very good, i.e. on one end of the distribution,
       | most products will be made by teams that are average, i.e. not
       | that good. In that case it is easy to notice flaws.
       | 
       | If you are smart and knowledgeable enough so that you could
       | design/create/implement the products you use easily, you will see
       | room for improvements.
        
       | Dave3of5 wrote:
       | Holy wall of text. I'm normally ok with these things but that
       | site could use some CSS.
        
         | shantnutiwari wrote:
         | yeah. Dan Luu's site is the only one where I turn on reading
         | mode just to make it readable( as opposed to hide distracting
         | elements)
        
           | Dave3of5 wrote:
           | I use chrome and you have to enable the special flag for that
           | and I'm not doing that for a single site.
           | 
           | I think it's only needs a really small amount of css i.e.
           | some padding/margins a slight change in the background colour
           | and some better spacing that's all probably. Five minutes
           | worth of work and would add virtually nothing to the page
           | weight.
           | 
           | I suspect whomever Dan Luu is they don't really give a f
           | about my opinion so I'll stop now.
        
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       (page generated 2022-03-15 23:02 UTC)