[HN Gopher] Cormac McCarthy's tips on how to write a great scien...
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       Cormac McCarthy's tips on how to write a great science paper (2019)
        
       Author : bryanrasmussen
       Score  : 125 points
       Date   : 2022-03-09 07:26 UTC (15 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nature.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nature.com)
        
       | zeec123 wrote:
       | I like the notes on Knuth lecture "Mathematical Writing"
       | https://jmlr.csail.mit.edu/reviewing-papers/knuth_mathematic...
        
       | teddyh wrote:
       | I vastly prefer Larry McEnerney's lecture _The Craft of Writing
       | Effectively_ :
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vtIzMaLkCaM
        
       | setgree wrote:
       | I am a big fan of McCarhty's and I think Blood Meridian is
       | absolutely transcendent.
       | 
       | The advice in this article seems apt if you are writing a 'great'
       | paper, in the sense of 'going to be a classic in your field.' But
       | it doesn't seem like very good advice for writing a 'good' paper,
       | meaning one that advances the state of knowledge in one
       | particular direction.
       | 
       | True classics in the fields I know best (political science and
       | economics) tend to be written very memorably, meaning the
       | author's perspective is obvious. But not everyone is Gary Becker
       | [0] or Kenneth Waltz [1], and if everyone tried to write like
       | them, we'd have a lot less dialogue between papers -- a lot of
       | the stuff people find boring in academic research is authors'
       | trying very hard to situate their contributions within the
       | broader literature -- and more people trying to strike out as
       | stylistically distinct iconoclasts.
       | 
       | Another comment here [2] makes this point well about the
       | repetition of words. Repeating a technical term might make for a
       | boring read, and if you are writing a paper that's going to
       | revolutionize your field, perhaps you don't need to repeat
       | yourself much because your main point can (should?) be made in a
       | few different of ways. But if you're writing a typical science
       | paper, which makes a narrow point about a new finding, then yes,
       | you should repeat yourself as much as you need to create precise
       | buttressing around that new finding.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.jstor.org/stable/1807222
       | 
       | [1] https://direct.mit.edu/isec/article-
       | abstract/18/2/44/11449/T...
       | 
       | [2] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30616522
        
       | coastflow wrote:
       | > Don't slow the reader down. Avoid footnotes because they break
       | the flow of thoughts and send your eyes darting back and forth
       | while your hands are turning pages or clicking on links.
       | 
       | This sounds reasonable for technical writing, though it's
       | interesting to read McCarthy's recommendation after considering
       | David Foster Wallace's work, where there is a very frequent usage
       | of footnotes.
       | 
       | In his non-fictional essays essays--often in the role of a
       | reporter like in his well-known "Consider the Lobster" for
       | Gourmet magazine [0]--Wallace uses extensive footnotes. This
       | isn't technical writing, though the quality of Wallace's
       | convinced me that footnotes can have a useful place in fictional
       | writing.
       | 
       | > And don't worry too much about readers who want to find a way
       | to argue about every tangential point and list all possible
       | qualifications for every statement. Just enjoy writing.
       | 
       | From Hacker News discussions (and also speaking to a colleague
       | who competed at a high level on a debate team in high school), I
       | learned the opposite lesson. If there is a weakness in an
       | argument, it's likely it will be pointed out. I've found it
       | important to consider weaknesses in logic and try to anticipate
       | counter-arguments whenever possible, when writing for readers
       | from more technical problems.
       | 
       | [0] [PDF] http://www.columbia.edu/~col8/lobsterarticle.pdf
        
         | jcranberry wrote:
         | I think the footnotes emphasize the meandering and exhaustive
         | aspects of his informationally dense style of writing. I think
         | its a stylistic choice which emphasizes his unique voice.
         | 
         | I don't think hacker news is representative of the type of
         | communication that papers communicate. A lot of times the
         | communication on this website can default to adversarial, which
         | I think is not the default for academic discourse. Plus I
         | imagine there are other forums in academia aside from published
         | _studies_ (I think there are published discussion journals, and
         | you also have blogs and such) that are suitable for that type
         | of communication.
        
       | bluenose69 wrote:
       | > Avoid placing equations in the middle of sentences
       | 
       | This is strange advice.
       | 
       | In many fields, following this suggestion can make it harder for
       | the reader to understand the message.
        
       | anonymousDan wrote:
       | I disagree with the advice on not using transition words such as
       | 'however'. These can be a useful signpost that e.g. the approach
       | described in the previous sentence has a drawback and/or to build
       | tension when describing a problem. Or maybe I'm just not a good
       | enough writer to do it in some other way...
        
         | tomlue wrote:
         | I read science papers to learn. Concise prose presented in a
         | logical order is the best for this. Transition words often add
         | unnecessary subjectivity and filler.
        
           | dagw wrote:
           | The subjectivity is be important to make the uncertainties
           | clear. Papers and research results aren't always clear and
           | objective. We did a thing, however it might not have been the
           | best approach. We got some results which might be relevant,
           | however there are these confounding factors that might mean
           | they aren't. At the end of the project we realised that we
           | probably should have started with doing X, however we didn't
           | and I don't know if it would have made a difference or not.
           | 
           | If you want information presented in a clear, unambiguous and
           | logical order, it's best to wait for the textbook.
        
         | karaterobot wrote:
         | If you can split it into two separate, simpler sentences, it's
         | usually easier for me to read. I appreciate clarity in academic
         | writing much more than I appreciate any dramatic flourishes the
         | author may attempt to make.
        
           | anonymousDan wrote:
           | I'm not saying you can't split the sentence into two, just
           | that e.g. the second sentence might start 'However,...' to
           | emphasize the contrast with the preceding sentence.
        
         | auxym wrote:
         | Words like however and similar are often useful in the
         | introduction of a paper to expose the context, current state of
         | the art, and problem that your research is attacking. I'm in
         | engineering though, so most research and papers follow the
         | theme of "there exists this problem, current solutions are this
         | and this, _however_ they are not ideal because X, therefore we
         | present this novel solution which is really great ".
        
           | anonymousDan wrote:
           | Yes exactly the kind of structure I'm talking about.
        
           | dagw wrote:
           | therefore we present this novel solution which is really
           | great...however we didn't take any of these things into
           | consideration, so it might not be.
        
         | FPGAhacker wrote:
         | I agree with your sentiment, however the author suggested
         | minimizing. Not eliminating.
        
       | gbjw wrote:
       | Somewhat tangential, but McCarthy is publishing two new novels
       | (after a 16 year break):
       | https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/08/books/cormac-mccarthy-new....
        
         | Taylor_OD wrote:
         | So exciting. I cant wait. I love how he is willing to explore
         | new genres. These books are going to be really interesting.
        
         | pklausler wrote:
         | Oh, that's such good news. Thanks!
        
       | guyomes wrote:
       | For further reading, this list [0] of resources on how to write
       | scientific articles includes notably this excellent set of slides
       | [1]. The author notably presents full fledge examples of
       | rewritten sentences and paragraphs that are enlightening.
       | 
       | [0]: https://people.csail.mit.edu/fredo/student.html
       | 
       | [1]: http://www.principiae.be/pdfs/UGent-X-003-slideshow.pdf
        
       | palindrome818 wrote:
       | The economist Richard Thaler is quite good at writing papers that
       | don't make you want to off yourself.
       | 
       | Are there any other examples of good academic writing?
        
         | diarrhea wrote:
         | You are really onto something here. I am in plain-old
         | mechanical engineering. As a student, for the first years, I
         | was simply intimidated. "These papers are so hard to read!".
         | You have to read between the lines so much, fill in so many
         | gaps, correct so many mental and grammatical knots.
         | 
         | 10 years later and 2 years into a PhD, I think I am ready to
         | admit that most papers are _terrible_. Most people are not
         | native speakers. It makes a huge difference. Filler words,
         | synonyms, long sentences, grammar errors... the list goes on.
         | The only thing not on it are typos, because those are caught by
         | software and are an easy fix. The rest takes genuine work and
         | effort.
         | 
         | Papers are so hard to read, they can be headache-inducing and I
         | am often completely exhausted from them.
         | 
         | And that's only touching on the stylistic part. Nowadays,
         | everything is either all code or (strongly) relies on it
         | (experimental work still needs collecting, evaluation,
         | plotting, ...). But good luck finding actual, published source
         | code (and if it's public, the sad-but-true adage of horrific
         | academic coding takes effect). Methods are obscured and
         | unclear. Sometimes, people can't even cite a single source
         | properly almost verbatim -- fundamental reading comprehension
         | seems to be lacking. Often, private data is used in private or
         | public but unusable code, making papers entirely
         | irreproducible. It's mental and frustrating. Coming across good
         | papers in between the cruft really stands out, but happens at a
         | low rate (10-20%?).
        
         | abcc8 wrote:
         | I found the 'Hallmarks of Cancer' papers by Weinberg and
         | Vogelstein to be very well written. While those are reviews,
         | their research articles are well written as well.
        
           | palindrome818 wrote:
           | cool will check it out usually good academic writing is an
           | oxymoron
        
             | abcc8 wrote:
             | Given that attitude, your mileage may vary with these
             | suggestions.
             | 
             | I utilize primary research all day every day for my job and
             | my definition of good academic writing is clear, concise
             | writing that enables me to answer the specific questions I
             | am seeking to answers for quickly and in a manner that
             | allows me to confidently cite the work (assuming the
             | relevant information is present within the manuscript).
        
         | ahartmetz wrote:
         | Most papers from before the 80s or so IME. After that, it seems
         | like scientific papers became similar to patents: not written
         | to elucidate, but to obscure and waste the time of readers.
         | Readers are the competition in a big rat race, after all.
        
         | mabub24 wrote:
         | I find, in general, that philosophy tends to have the best
         | overall quality of writing in academic writing. There are still
         | examples of bad writing, but when it's good, the writing is
         | crystal clear and a joy to read.
        
         | kryptiskt wrote:
         | Simon Peyton Jones's papers are really clear and
         | understandable. He actually did a talk on how to write papers:
         | https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/academic-program/wr...
        
           | pklausler wrote:
           | His writing is extremely clear and worthy of emulation, but
           | his presentations are always in Comic Sans.
        
       | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
       | >> And don't use the same word repeatedly -- it's boring.
       | 
       | This is the worst possible advice to give about technical
       | writing! What you should absolutely do if you want your readers
       | to know what you're talking about is a) define your terminology
       | before you use it and b) stick to the terminology you defined
       | throughout the entire paper. Don't call a thing "red noppertock"
       | the first time you mention it and then "crimson nopper with a
       | tock" the next time. Call the same object, the same concept, the
       | same method by the same name, always. Otherwise, you will only
       | create confusion and make your reader tired and impatient.
       | 
       | "Boring" is not a flaw, in technical writing. The purpose of
       | technical writing is not to entertain, but to explain and
       | clarify. Creative writing is a completely different thing. The
       | worst mistake you can ever make is confuse the two and treat a
       | paper like a short story, or such.
       | 
       | Trust me, I know. What McCarthy advises above is exactly the
       | mistake I made in my first research papers and they all got
       | rejected with frustrated comments by confused reviewers who
       | pointed out they had no idea what I meant when I used a
       | particular term. I had to take a course with an academic writing
       | expert at my university, to realise what I was doing wrong: I was
       | trying to add variety to my writing, just like in literary,
       | creative writing. I stopped that as soon as I realised how wrong
       | it was and now I actually get reviewer comments about the clarity
       | and quality of the writing in my papers. And as _writing_ goes,
       | it's boring as all hell, but it gets the point across without
       | doubt. That's its purpose.
        
         | ofrzeta wrote:
         | Boring makes for poor comprehension, though.
        
         | diarrhea wrote:
         | Grading theses, this is a very common trap. Students believe
         | they have to be creative, change it up and use a Thesaurus.
         | Because that is in fact what everyone is taught in school!
         | 
         | Yet, technical writing doesn't work that way. Synonyms are
         | almost always wrong. We have the luxury of precision, where
         | most often one term means one concept or thing. A 1:1 mapping
         | with little ambiguity. Deviating from that is almost always the
         | wrong decision.
         | 
         | Also notice the style I am writing this comment in. Short,
         | concise, to-the-point sentences. Sparing use of filler words
         | (thus, however, ...). I wish all technical writing was more
         | like that (and I find that good technical writing either is, or
         | is on such a high level that they can get away with longer
         | sentences). I believe it a boon: you get a style of "Statement.
         | Statement. Idea. Question. Idea. Statement. Solution.
         | Conclusion.", if that makes sense, allowing easier mental
         | access and partitioning. Technical topics are hard, and writing
         | should accommodate the reader, making it as easy as possible.
        
           | pdabbadabba wrote:
           | There is a lot here I agree with. But:
           | 
           | > We have the luxury of precision, where most often one term
           | means one concept or thing. A 1:1 mapping with little
           | ambiguity. Deviating from that is almost always the wrong
           | decision.
           | 
           | This is true of some words in a piece of technical writing,
           | but not most of them. Don't allow yourself to be fooled into
           | thinking that every word in your paper has a single clear
           | meaning. At the same time, you're right that a writer
           | shouldn't reach too far to find synonyms just to mix things
           | up.
           | 
           | > Short, concise, to-the-point sentences. Sparing use of
           | filler words (thus, however, ...).
           | 
           | "Thus" and "however" are not just filler words! Yes, they may
           | be overused. But they also signal the conceptual relationship
           | between one thought and the one that follows it in a clear
           | way, at the beginning of the sentence. This allows the reader
           | to understand how a sentence relates to the previous one
           | before they have fully parsed and understood it.
        
           | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
           | Yes! My intuition about writing is that technical writing
           | should leave every reader with the same understanding of the
           | same ides, whereas creative writing should leave each reader
           | with different emotions, images, thoughts- the ones in the
           | reader themself. My favourite example- H. P. Lovecraft's
           | vague descriptions of Mythos horrors, that contrive to be
           | genuinely disturbing because they leave all the work to the
           | reader's imagination. For me, that's good creative writing
           | technique: allude, evoke, suggest, don't ever, ever show or
           | tell directly. Exactly the opposite of what should go into a
           | thesis, say (like the one I'm writing currently...)!
        
         | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
         | > "don't use the same word repeatedly" is the worst possible
         | advice to give
         | 
         | Agreed, this is often described as the error of "Said Bookism"
         | 
         | > People are so used to the word "said" that they can mentally
         | skip over it when reading; when the word changes over and over
         | again, it becomes a distraction.
         | 
         | https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/SaidBookism
        
           | iiv wrote:
           | Have you read anything by McCarthy? His writing style is as
           | far from "Said Bookism" as you can come.
        
         | krrrh wrote:
         | I was surprised to learn how much more this is considered a
         | mark of good writing in English than in other languages.
         | Because English has a larger vocabulary with cognates from both
         | Germanic and Romance languages it's much easier to vary the
         | words used. In Spanish writing it's much more acceptable and
         | common to repeat the same word sentence to sentence.
        
           | dekhn wrote:
           | any time I use the same word twice in any sentence, I always
           | rewrite it to avoid any repetition
        
         | l33tbro wrote:
         | I think you may be misinterpreting him. Didn't he say don't re-
         | use words in the context of unnecessary jargon and buzzwords,
         | as it gets boring reading the same superfluous words?
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | _> This is the worst possible advice to give about technical
         | writing! What you should absolutely do if you want your readers
         | to know what you're talking about is a) define your terminology
         | before you use it and b) stick to the terminology you defined
         | throughout the entire paper. Don't call a thing "red
         | noppertock" the first time you mention it and then "crimson
         | nopper with a tock" the next time. Call the same object, the
         | same concept, the same method by the same name, always.
         | Otherwise, you will only create confusion and make your reader
         | tired and impatient._
         | 
         | What you are saying and what McCarthy is saying can both be
         | true.
         | 
         | Using the same word repeatedly is boring, technical writing or
         | not.
         | 
         | If you find yourself using the same word repeatedly, don't - as
         | you seem to be assuming McCarthy is suggesting - pluck an
         | alternate word out of a thesaurus; rather, take a step back and
         | rethink if there is a different way to express your idea
         | without using the word at all, or by using it less frequently.
        
           | borroka wrote:
           | "Using the same word repeatedly is boring, technical writing
           | or not." -- A technical or scientific paper does not need to
           | be entertaining. I mean, it can be, but it adds zero to the
           | value of the discovery made or methods developed. I know it
           | is intriguing to think in terms of "fun", "creativity",
           | "entertainment", but the scientific or technical paper needs
           | to be as clear as possible, which is more often than not in
           | contrast with a desire to make a paper "engaging". Nobody
           | cares if a surgical operation is "entertaining".
           | 
           | I don't remember having thought, when reading a paper, that
           | it was boring, or "not fun", but I remember many times to
           | have thought, "man, I have no clue what's going on here", "so
           | many unnecessary details".
        
             | hammock wrote:
             | Nowhere did I say that clarity ought to be compromised. You
             | seem to believe there's a tradeoff where I see none. If a
             | paper is clear and also easy to read, entertaining or
             | otherwise not boring, it stands to reason that it will be
             | more readily comprehended, remembered and shared by the
             | reader.
        
               | borroka wrote:
               | When you talk about "soft science" paper, maybe (because
               | the content does not stand on its own), but no "hard
               | science" paper has been remembered or noticed for the
               | creative and original writing.
               | 
               | I am not speaking from a a position of any authority, but
               | I have worked as a scientist in academia for 15 years and
               | neither nor any of my many colleagues has ever remembered
               | or noticed a paper for its flair. I notice papers that
               | are brilliant, wrong, novel, impressive, not any
               | particularly creative writing. Boring? You typically need
               | to read a paper 10+ times to understand it, after the
               | first read nobody outside the non-professional (who read
               | papers like they are "investigations") cares about any
               | ornate or rich language.
        
         | kragen wrote:
         | I agree about consistent terminology, but I don't agree with
         | your view that it is a virtue for technical writing to be
         | boring.
         | 
         | Explaining and clarifying are not in conflict with being
         | interesting, except in a few marginal cases like this one. And
         | repetition of terminology is not _inherently_ boring--the guy
         | who wrote  "komoontas Akhaious" 26 times and "glaukopis Athene"
         | 32 times would certainly dissent from that, and the Tipitaka or
         | any Beatles song is far more repetitive still--it's just that
         | terminological variation is one possible way to add interest. A
         | bad one, in this context.
         | 
         | When I read scientific papers from a hundred years ago, before
         | the institution of peer review, I'm constantly struck by how
         | much better written they are than current papers. They talk
         | about things that surprised them and disappointments that
         | happened during the experiment, and their choice of words is
         | much more lyrical and even metaphorical than the current
         | literature. Consequently they are much clearer and explain much
         | better. The universal complaint about the modern literature is
         | that nobody reads it, even when they cite it, and that is only
         | a slight exaggeration; one reason for this is that reading it
         | is so painful, so people devote less time to it than they would
         | were it more pleasant.
         | 
         | So, I agree with you that current academic writing norms
         | prohibit publishing well-written, interesting prose; where we
         | differ is that _I think that is bad_.
         | 
         | For context, my experience publishing peer-reviewed research is
         | not quite zero, but you have much more than I do. I haven't
         | read your papers yet (though they look interesting), so I'm not
         | attacking _your_ papers as dull or badly written. It 's
         | possible I've _read_ more research than you have just as a
         | result of being much older.
         | 
         | On the other hand, it's _also_ true that many of those old
         | papers included fatal ambiguities which the modern process
         | would have weeded out. Still, we can have good-quality,
         | interesting writing without ambiguity.
        
           | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
           | >> I agree about consistent terminology, but I don't agree
           | with your view that it is a virtue for technical writing to
           | be boring.
           | 
           | I don't agree either, I think it's _not a flaw_, not a
           | virtue! Anyway, all I talk about is the _writing style_, not
           | the content of a scientific paper. That's a different thing.
           | But you can't really teach how to make exciting research
           | contributions.
           | 
           | I agree also that repetition is not a flaw in and of itself.
           | Minimalism is a thing, after all.
           | 
           | As to older papers, I kind of agree that they are often more
           | pleasant to read, but the problem is that the more people
           | work on a subject, the more new, subtle aspects of the
           | subject become apparent that have to be made clear in
           | writing.
           | 
           | Also, this is very unfortunate but terms can become
           | overloaded with time as people use them in different ways.
           | Sometimes I read older papers that seem to take some term for
           | granted, but I find myself being utterly confused about what,
           | exactly, they mean, among many different meanings of the
           | term. For example, some of the reviewers I note above were
           | frustrated with my work complained about my use of the word
           | "predicate", which I was certain at the time can't be
           | misunderstood... but is in fact used in different ways by
           | different communities.
           | 
           | Thanks for the interest in my work. My second Machine
           | Learning Journal paper is the much better written one,
           | although it's rather a bit thick with formalisms and proofs
           | etc. and won't be easy to read without a background in logic
           | programming.
        
             | kragen wrote:
             | Well, I at least agree that being boring is not a fatal
             | flaw in technical writing, where it would be in a novel. So
             | I suppose we don't disagree as much as it seemed at first.
             | 
             | I've also run into the same terminological overloading
             | problem. In CS it's especially bad; papers from the 01980s
             | would be already difficult to read for someone who'd only
             | read the recent literature. The worst is when the different
             | meanings are almost, but not quite, the same. For example,
             | I was reading one of Steinmetz's first papers from the
             | 01890s, and he uses the term "inductance" where now we
             | would use "inductive reactance"; at a given frequency these
             | quantities are proportional but the second one varies by
             | frequency.
             | 
             | My knowledge of logic programming is not literally zero in
             | that I've written Prolog code a few times and ported
             | mKanren to OCaml in order to understand it, but it's also
             | far from a deep understanding. Still, I'm optimistic about
             | my ability to understand things.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | pdabbadabba wrote:
         | I'd encourage you to take McCarthy's advice a bit more
         | seriously. He isn't saying you should just use different words
         | willy nilly, throwing their technical meaning out the window.
         | He's just saying that you shouldn't excessively repeat words.
         | 
         | Avoiding repetition can also mean structuring your writing in a
         | way that allows you to rely on pronouns and other linguistic
         | tools to avoid using the same word repeatedly while preserving
         | clarity.
         | 
         | And I often find that technical writers don't do a good job of
         | evaluating which terms _need_ to be treated as rigidly defined
         | technical terms and which ones do not, resulting in writing
         | that it more stilted and jargon laden than necessary to
         | communicate clearly. One benefit of taking McCarthy 's advice
         | seriously is that it will encourage you to scrutinize your
         | decisions about when to rely on jargon and defined terms and
         | help you identify where you're using them as a crutch to avoid
         | harder decisions about how to write clearly.
         | 
         | The goal is not to be "entertaining." Rather, it is simply to
         | should be to hold the reader's attention so you're not making
         | huge claims on their ability to focus. I wouldn't be so quick
         | to give up on this and embrace the "papers should be boring"
         | mindset. The basic problem is that an extremely tedious paper
         | does _not_ "get your point across without doubt." It may not
         | even get your point across at all because it pains readers to
         | read it.
         | 
         | Of course, none of this should be construed to mean that people
         | should use "thesaurus words"--i.e., words that are overly
         | obscure or a poor fit for the situation, just for the sake of
         | mixing it up.
        
           | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
           | >> I wouldn't be so quick to give up on this and embrace the
           | "papers should be boring" mindset
           | 
           | I never said, nor meant, that "papers should be boring", or
           | even that technical writing should be boring. What I said,
           | exactly, was:
           | 
           |  _" Boring" is not a flaw, in technical writing_.
           | 
           | I think it's interesting how not only your comment, but those
           | of others, misread that part of my comment and made a jump
           | from "boring is not a flaw" to "papers should be boring".
           | 
           | The reason I think it is interesting is because it reveals
           | the amount of work that must go into a technical text to
           | avoid such misunderstandings. For every single statement that
           | matters, for every single point that is made, in a paper,
           | there is a number of ways to misunderstand it, of varying
           | degrees of obvious-ness. As a paper author, you have to try
           | to think of each and every one of them, try to predict how
           | likely it is that different kinds of readers will commit
           | those kinds of misundestanding, and then try to defend your
           | text against the most likely ones, at the very least. Since
           | some of your readers are going to be reviewers, doing this
           | well is the difference between getting your paper published,
           | getting it rejected, or having it accepted with "minor"
           | revisions (which are only so "minor" as the possibility for
           | misunderstandings, so usually, not that much). So this
           | anticipation of potential misunderstandings is a vital,
           | essential skill that you develop as a paper writer.
           | 
           | Er. I mean "scientist", of course.
           | 
           | For this (oops) reason, I disagree with the use of pronouns
           | etc. I actively try to avoid sentences like "This suggests"
           | or "That means" or "It is an efficient way to" etc. just
           | because I'm sure that "this", "that", "it", and their
           | friends, will only serve to misdirect the reader's attention.
           | Because when you write "it", you're thinking of X, but when
           | the reader reads "it", they are actually thinking of Y, just
           | because they're more interested in Y, so "it" is just a point
           | of confusion. And that (oops) will _always_ happen because
           | the author of a paper and the paper's readers will have
           | different interests and tend to focus on different parts of a
           | paper.
           | 
           | The way I think about the use of pronouns is a little bit
           | like loops in assembly: you want to "unroll" them to improve
           | efficiency. Similarly, I always "dereference" pointer-words
           | like pronouns etc, to remove ambiguity.
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | The article points out in its introduction that McCarthy
             | has spent 20 years copyediting journal articles for
             | scientists at the Santa Fe Institute. This isn't an
             | impedance mismatch between fiction writers and journal
             | article authors; you should consider taking it seriously.
             | It seems clear to me that McCarthy isn't asking you to
             | shuffle up technical terms so as to enliven your article.
        
         | brudgers wrote:
         | For context, McCarthy has been at the Santa Fe Institute since
         | 2014 [1], and so in residence among accomplished scientists
         | conducting serious research. For nearly a decade, McCarthy's
         | day job has been writer among scientists.
         | 
         | Which is to say, McCarthy doesn't merely have an opinion.
         | McCarthy has _an informed_ opinion. He 's spent more time among
         | better scientists than most people in the sciences. And of
         | course, he's a better writer than just about anyone giving
         | advice about science writing (and writing in general).
         | 
         | Most writing advice targets poor writers. McCarthy essay
         | targets good writers. Maybe because good writers are good not
         | just for technique but for having interesting things to say.
         | Maybe because something not worth writing in an engaging way
         | probably isn't worth writing.
         | 
         | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Fe_Institute
        
           | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
           | Yes, yes, I get it. Who am I to challegne an authority in
           | scientific writing, that has so many scientist friends to
           | boot. And what do I know about writing anyway, I don't even
           | have a single best-seller under my belt.
           | 
           | Clearly, challenging authorities is not the way of a true
           | scientist.
        
             | softwarebeware wrote:
             | Seriously! Reminds me of the famous story of an undergrad
             | who used a text by Richard Feynman as a source for a
             | college paper, and was graded down by her professor. She
             | then contacted Feynman to obtain justification, but Feynman
             | replied:
             | 
             | "Your instructor was right not to give you any points, for
             | your answer was wrong, as he demonstrated using Gauss' law.
             | You should, in science, believe logic and arguments,
             | carefully drawn, and not authorities."
             | 
             | https://www.wm.edu/news/stories/2020/feynmans-advice-to-
             | wm-s...
        
             | brudgers wrote:
             | My point is that McCarthy has an _expert_ opinion and is
             | writing for people who are not struggling toward a first
             | scientific journal publication.
             | 
             | The advice that makes a poor writer acceptable differs from
             | what makes a good writer better.
        
               | YeGoblynQueenne wrote:
               | >> My point is that McCarthy has an expert opinion and is
               | writing for people who are not struggling toward a first
               | scientific journal publication.
               | 
               | I don't understand what you mean. Do you mean that in the
               | context of the article? Are you saying that the article
               | above is aimed at people with some experience of writing?
               | 
               | By the way, your original comment came across as a
               | haughty attempt at a put-down by an appeal to authority,
               | hence my reaction to it. My apologies if I misunderstood
               | your intent.
        
             | openknot wrote:
             | Though I see your point (that it's good practice to assess
             | logical arguments independent of an author's credentials),
             | brudgers's comment was still quite useful.
             | 
             | I skimmed the comments before deciding to reading the
             | article, and likely would have skipped on this submission
             | if I didn't know about his work at Santa Fe (which was also
             | mentioned in the article itself), as I associate McCarthy
             | with his literary work. I had no previous awareness he has
             | been working with scientists on technical writing.
        
       | aerovistae wrote:
       | Side note but I am so excited for his new books later this year.
       | It's been so long since he wrote a new book, and statistically
       | these are almost certain to be his final novels given his age
       | (88).
       | 
       | I found the prose of _Blood Meridian_ and _The Road_ absolutely
       | extraordinary, so I 'm eager for more of it. I haven't read his
       | other past novels yet, don't ask why. Maybe because I saw the
       | movie of _No Country For Old Men_ , and I wasn't sure if the
       | horses trilogy would interest me.
        
         | savanaly wrote:
         | Don't forget to give a watch to The Counselor. It had dreadful
         | reviews because as a movie it's a total failure. But taken as a
         | Cormac Mccarthy novel narrated by skilled actors and visually
         | imagined by Ridley Scott it's a success, in my opinion.
        
           | Arkadin wrote:
           | Love The Counselor. The screenplay was also published in book
           | form and is worth reading with or without having seen the
           | movie.
        
         | dointheatl wrote:
         | Highly recommend _The Border Trilogy_ as well as _No Country
         | for Old Men_. The Coen Brothers did a fantastic job adapting
         | the latter, but it just can 't compare to the book.
        
       | driggs wrote:
       | Punctuation is our best defense against the peculiar ambiguities
       | of the English language. Cormac McCarthy's abhorrence to using
       | punctuation is the worst facet of his writing, and made the
       | dialog in `Blood Meridian` practically unfollowable.
       | 
       | I kindly urge writers to use his subjective opinion here as an
       | argument FOR rather than against the precision application of
       | punctuation!
        
         | newsclues wrote:
         | I would have echoed your criticism after the first read but I
         | was able to try again and really get into the flow and it's a
         | great work in part because of the lack of punctuation
        
         | bmitc wrote:
         | Where does he advocate his novel writing style for science
         | writing? His use, or rather lack thereof, of punctuation in his
         | fiction writing is an artistic choice. As far as I know, Cormac
         | McCarthy is the only writer who is a member of the Santa Fe
         | Institute, so apparently the scientists there appreciate his
         | perspectives.
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | Eats, Shoots & Leaves would be a great line in BM
         | 
         | https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2004/06/28/bad-comma
        
         | mellosouls wrote:
         | _Cormac McCarthy 's abhorrence to using punctuation is the
         | worst facet of his writing, and made the dialog in `Blood
         | Meridian` practically unfollowable._
         | 
         | No. His (lack of) use of punctuation in his work is mesmerising
         | and beautiful, and part of what made _Blood Meridian_ one of
         | the greatest novels of the last century.
         | 
         | Obviously that technique is less likely to be constructive in
         | science writing.
        
           | lazyjeff wrote:
           | Technical writing has swayed too much in the direction of
           | over relying on punctuation, rather than writing good simple
           | sentences. Trying to read a scientific paper is now a chore
           | because of all the footnotes, parentheses, definitions and
           | abbreviations, dashes and subclauses. They read more like
           | legal documents than something you can actually read from
           | start to end to understand a point.
        
           | pp19dd wrote:
           | Someone made a plot of just the punctuations from Blood
           | Meridian: https://medium.com/@neuroecology/punctuation-in-
           | novels-8f316...
        
             | gilleain wrote:
             | Nice. Reminds me of 'Code Signatures':
             | 
             | http://c2.com/doc/SignatureSurvey/
        
           | jschrf wrote:
           | Agree. The lack of punctuation in Blood Meridian is an
           | artistic decision and aids the flowing, biblical narration
           | and the terrifying yet beautiful aesthetic of the novel. It's
           | intended to be trance-like, feverish and flowing, and I think
           | the lack of punctuation aids in this. Blood Meridian reads
           | like a terrifying, beautiful nightmare, rooted in fact and
           | history, and the writing style is perfect IMO.
           | 
           | The description of the Commanche attack near the beginning of
           | the novel, where they suddenly appear out of nowhere and
           | attack the soldiers has an amazing run-on sentence:
           | https://www.goodreads.com/quotes/328033-a-legion-of-
           | horrible...
        
             | scop wrote:
             | I likewise agree. When I read both Melville and McCarthy,
             | I'll often find myself mid-run-on-sentence and think to
             | myself, "welp, he's gone too far this time" only to find,
             | by golly, they pull it off in the end. What would otherwise
             | be complete pretension and chaos is, when wrought by true
             | literature artists, simply breathtaking. There are times
             | when I'm reading McCarthy and I literally, _out loud_ ,
             | utter "Lord have mercy" for the beauty/fullness/meaning
             | that man can lay upon us.
        
               | tmountain wrote:
               | He's probably my favorite author. Full tangent, but
               | anyone who likes western novels should also check out
               | Lonesome Dove (Larry McMurtry) and Paradise Sky (Joe
               | Lansdale). Both are extremely moving and beautiful
               | stories about the Wild West.
        
               | scop wrote:
               | This quote from _Blood Meridian_ is one of my favorite in
               | all of literature and I think capture McCarthy 's magic.
               | He has such great talent to describe simultaneously with
               | vivid details yet inexact clarity/meaning.
               | 
               | > It was the judge and the imbecile. They were both of
               | them naked and they neared through the desert dawn like
               | beings of a mode little more than tangential to the world
               | at large, their figures now quick with clarity and now
               | fugitive in the strangeness of that same light. Like
               | things so charged with meaning that their forms are
               | dimmed.
        
               | brudgers wrote:
               | McCarthy was my gateway to McMurtry and it was McMurtry
               | who hooked me on Texas...McCarthy is from Knoxville after
               | all so his Texas is as an outsider who never risks
               | killing Pecos Bill by design and _Blood Meridian_ wanders
               | into the further west beyond El Paso.
               | 
               | Anyway, I am on another McMurtry kick since the new year
               | that began rereading _Texasville_ and then a first
               | reading of _Custer_ ...For me, McMurtry is a triple
               | threat of fiction, nonfiction, and essays: I enjoy
               | everything he wrote.
        
           | rspeele wrote:
           | When I read _The Road_ I found the lack of punctuation
           | _distracting_ rather than mesmerizing. I was using an
           | e-reader and my initial thought was,  "Is this right? Maybe
           | they OCRed this and only glanced at the output." I had heard
           | that the book was good from a few different sources, but none
           | mentioned the unusual style. I Googled it to find out that
           | this was, in fact, how it was supposed to be, and continued.
           | 
           | I am used to reading text with punctuation marks. When I
           | enjoy a book, I forget that I am reading words on a page, and
           | it feels like I'm seeing the story play out in my mind. The
           | syntax of _The Road_ constantly took me out of that feeling.
           | It served only to remind me that I was reading a book by a
           | dude who thinks adhering to the conventions of written
           | English is beneath him.
           | 
           | The book was fine. I would have liked it a little more if it
           | was punctuated normally, but of course, different strokes for
           | different folks.
           | 
           | I would compare it to adjective order. You might say that the
           | Goodyear Blimp is a big old blue polyester balloon. Never
           | that it's a polyester old blue big balloon. It sounds wrong
           | the second way. If I were a novelist searching for a gimmick,
           | I could intentionally disregard standard adjective order and
           | arrange the adjectives in another order every time I
           | described something. It would give my writing a unique
           | flavor. But it wouldn't make me any more descriptive, just
           | annoying to read, because every time you hit a description
           | your brain would throw an exception and then catch it going
           | "oh, he's doing _this_ again... "
        
           | driggs wrote:
           | `Blood Meridian` is a great novel _in spite of_ , not because
           | of his lack of punctuation.
           | 
           | Do you not see the irony in _his own_ use of four commas and
           | a colon while telling us to minimize our punctuation use in
           | this article?
           | 
           | > While you are writing, ask yourself: is it possible to
           | preserve my original message without that punctuation mark,
           | that word, that sentence, that paragraph or that section?
           | Remove extra words or commas whenever you can.
           | 
           | Perhaps he merely considered the "Oxford comma" unnecessary!
        
             | sritchie wrote:
             | Don't you think he does too, and is winking at you with
             | that sentence? Especially given the spare "Remove extra
             | words or commas whenever you can."
        
             | Wistar wrote:
             | "The following are more of McCarthy's words of wisdom, as
             | told by Savage and Yeh."
        
               | driggs wrote:
               | _Mea culpa!_
               | 
               | I focused on reading "Cormac McCarthy's tips" and missed
               | that they'd been regurgitated by others. Sort of
               | diminishes the whole point of reading it!
               | 
               | Thank you!
        
         | jcranberry wrote:
         | I don't really remember him abhorring punctuation. In fact I
         | remember most of the novel being short sentences something like
         | 3-10 words long. I found it very easy to follow.
        
         | Adraghast wrote:
        
         | WhompingWindows wrote:
         | I think your odd use of the exclamation mark is a great
         | counter-example to your comment! After a long sentence with
         | zero commas, here we have a punctuation mark! It doesn't
         | exclaim, as in "Watch Out!" or "This is amazing!"! It's a
         | questionable choice, it makes the reader think: why is this
         | here? Is this writer casually throwing out punctuation that
         | isn't needed?
         | 
         | That cognitive interruption, which I've kindly added multiple
         | times to my first paragraph, is precisely what McCarthy says
         | not to do in the very first bullet point of the article:
         | 
         | "Use minimalism to achieve clarity. While you are writing, ask
         | yourself: is it possible to preserve my original message
         | without that punctuation mark, that word, that sentence, that
         | paragraph or that section? Remove extra words or commas
         | whenever you can."
        
           | anonymousDan wrote:
           | I don't know, I think the exclamation mark above changes the
           | tone of the paragraph from being a snarky comment to
           | something less aggressive...
        
           | driggs wrote:
           | Is English your first language? Have you read Cormac
           | McCarthy?
           | 
           | Neither McCarthy nor anyone else in this conversation is
           | referring to the punctuation _at the end of a sentence_.
           | 
           | And, for the record, I was _exclaiming_ that the takeaway is
           | exactly the _opposite_ of what the author suggests. That is,
           | in fact, the precise meaning of an exclamation point.
           | 
           | I've kindly included some _actual_ cognitive interruptions
           | for you, to aid in your understanding of this discussion.
        
             | brudgers wrote:
             | Now I am wondering _is italics a substitute for '"..."'_?
        
         | brudgers wrote:
         | The first time I read _Blood Meridian_ , I didn't notice the
         | absence of quotation punctuation for some pages. And then my
         | thought was "that's kinda interesting" and completely forgot
         | about it.
         | 
         | Until, after giving my copy to my brother, he had the same
         | response as you. At the time, twenty five years ago, I was
         | surprised but now I accept everything isn't for everyone and
         | hence all books are not for all readers.
         | 
         | My brother and I had different reading experiences and
         | developed different tastes. I couldn't get through the Carl
         | Hiassen paperback I got in exchange. There wasn't anything I
         | cared about there.
         | 
         | "Properly punctuated" is not a blurb to captivate my attention.
         | YMMV.
        
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