[HN Gopher] Canada accidentally helped crack computer translation
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Canada accidentally helped crack computer translation
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 81 points
       Date   : 2022-03-08 11:05 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (thewalrus.ca)
 (TXT) w3m dump (thewalrus.ca)
        
       | boomboomsubban wrote:
       | It's strange that in the middle of the article, there's suddenly
       | a paragraph about how government requirements on research and
       | procurement usually are detrimental. It's like they're saying
       | "this story is neat, but let's not forget government is awful."
       | At least finish your story before criticizing unrelated things.
        
         | mixedCase wrote:
         | How is it not topical to mention that a government-led research
         | project failed to accomplish with their own data trove what a
         | private organization did with it, when the whole article is
         | about that very data and that private organization's
         | achievement?
        
           | boomboomsubban wrote:
           | That is not the paragraph I'm discussing. I'm talking about
           | the one that mentions the "years-long saga of obtaining new
           | military jets."
        
             | glorygut123 wrote:
             | It's a reference to the Avro Arrow, which is a bitter pill
             | in Canadian history for government mismanagement.
        
               | version_five wrote:
               | No, it's about the current CF-188 replacement procurement
               | and waffling on buying the F-35s.
        
         | version_five wrote:
         | As someone who had worked with both research and procurement
         | agencies in the Canadian government, I'm surprised the author
         | was able to hold their tongue until the middle of the article.
        
         | aaa_aaa wrote:
         | OP is right, nevertheless.
        
       | pseudolus wrote:
       | Also of note, a number of pioneering studies pertaining to the
       | effect of bilingualism on cognition and cognitive development
       | were undertaken in Canada as well.
        
         | ggrrhh_ta wrote:
         | Also of note, bilingualism/multilingualism is practically the
         | norm across the world; monolingualism is almost an exception.
        
           | iratewizard wrote:
           | Bilingualism in countries that don't natively speak the
           | international language of English.
        
             | vanderZwan wrote:
             | Also in plenty of countries that do. Ask anyone from any
             | African nation with English as one of its official
             | languages.
        
             | thaumasiotes wrote:
             | The norm is multilingualism across different languages that
             | are all local to the area. French people studying English
             | in school are not "bilingual" at all, in this sense.
        
             | ggrrhh_ta wrote:
             | I was not counting that as bilingualism.
        
         | cmrdporcupine wrote:
         | We have tried to raise our daughter at least with some
         | bilingualism, and so had her in French immersion from senior
         | kindergarten through to grade 8. In retrospect a mistake for a
         | multitude of reasons. I doubt her French will persist well
         | beyond her school years and without a community other than
         | school to use it in, it's mainly pointless, and many aspects of
         | the curriculum were harder than they should have been for her
         | because of the language barrier. And after 9 years of immersive
         | education she can't listen to a native French speaker and
         | understand or watch TV, because French in the real world and
         | outside of her classroom is spoken much more quickly and
         | accented.
         | 
         | Nevermind that French immersion in Ontario is teaching these
         | kids Parisian French and pronounciation, while 25% of the
         | population of Canada speaks Quebecois dialect so kids here are
         | not learning the French from their own country. Frankly,
         | there's a bias in the education system against Quebecois French
         | generally which reflects a Colonial era mentality (mother
         | country "good" -- and local is a poor imitation, a
         | psychological disease that's all over Canada, especially
         | English Canada).
         | 
         | All of this ranting is just to bring up the challenges of
         | trying to attain bilingualism when you are a native English
         | speaker in an English speaking country. In some ways it's a
         | curse.
         | 
         | These days I'd mostly prefer to live in Quebec for
         | cultural/political/lifestyle reasons. But I was brought up
         | unilingual in Alberta (with some German), and never learned
         | French beyond half-heartedly counting to 10.
         | 
         | Canada's official bilingualism is mostly a thin veneer that is
         | a reality on the ground only in places like Ottawa. Sort of a
         | half-hearted half-completed project just to try to put a cork
         | in separatism.
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | I thought translation took a leap forward when Google or someone
       | figured out to use UN documents which are carefully translated
       | from one language to another?
        
       | cbsmith wrote:
       | This story seems... slanted.
        
       | melony wrote:
       | If it makes those up north feel better, computer translation was
       | next to useless for anything slightly complex until Hinton and
       | friends figured out deep learning.
        
         | Copper_Abeille wrote:
         | Someone from up north. I am not mad, and I don't know anyone
         | who is. If freeriding was required to enable a major
         | breakthrough, so be it.
        
           | speed_spread wrote:
           | Agreed. It means I can claim that my ancestors accidentally
           | the languages!
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | barrkel wrote:
       | The EU has similar mandates which create corpora across a lot
       | more European languages and has also been used for training
       | translation models, AFAIK.
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | Yes, I remember using a translation startup's automated website
         | to translate a text to French where "kind regards" were
         | translated to "I'd like to thank the president of the EU". I'm
         | pretty sure they were using EU documents for training...
         | 
         | I believe other sources include UN documents, which are
         | translated into even more languages, and then there are a bunch
         | of combined corpora like https://opus.nlpl.eu/ which contains
         | hundreds of languages as well.
         | 
         | The obvious downside of this, of course, is that translated
         | text often ends up quite official and stiff. Great for reading
         | news, translating speeches and reading papers, not so great for
         | day to day conversation. There are corpora for more practical,
         | specific use for a few languages, but they usually only come in
         | pairs.
         | 
         | I don't know how services like Google Translate work now, but
         | through experimentation you used to be able to see how the
         | translation matrix went through English first when you
         | translated between two other European languages. You'd put in a
         | word for which the source and destination language had specific
         | words, but for which English only had one single word, and
         | you'd get a mistranslation every time. The shorter the
         | sentences, the more likely the translation service would get it
         | wrong.
         | 
         | I just found out this can still be replicated on Google
         | Translate, actually: the Dutch word mees (tit, the bird, aka
         | titmouse) and the Dutch word tiet (tit, slang for human
         | anatomy) both get translated into French as mesange, the bird,
         | when you enter them each on a new line. Add more words for
         | context ("wat een grote rieten" vs "wat een grote mezen") and
         | the translation corrects itself.
         | 
         | I don't believe the French word mesange has any direct
         | correlation with mammal anatomy, so clearly the translation
         | matrix involves the English language, or af least one with
         | similar ambiguities. This is why you can't rely on Google
         | Translate if you're just looking for the translation of a
         | single word, especially if you're translating between languages
         | other than English.
        
           | thomasahle wrote:
           | To your point, Google translate still has issues translating
           | words for every day objects between Danish and English.
           | Probably the same issue arrises for most smaller languages
           | with less parallel text.
           | 
           | Just yesterday I wanted to know what an "urtekniv" is called
           | in English. Google translate just returned the word
           | untranslated. Ironically my second try was to google
           | "urtekniv engelsk" and I got an answer from a dictionary:
           | https://www.wordsense.eu/urtekniv/
           | 
           | Maybe Google Translate should accept they don't have the data
           | to learn stuff like this naturally, and just inject some
           | dictionaries into the mix.
        
           | raverbashing wrote:
           | Yes, those are good examples on how having data is one thing,
           | cleaning the data is another thing entirely
        
           | TillE wrote:
           | > Great for reading news
           | 
           | I've found machine translation often does a poor job even
           | with news, in European languages. There's just too much
           | implicit shared context we don't even think about.
           | 
           | The mistranslated example I remember best is the word "Bund"
           | in a German headline, which can mean a lot of things, but in
           | context clearly meant the federal government.
        
       | peeters wrote:
       | As someone who has watched a few parliamentary sessions, I smile
       | at the thought of training computers on those recordings. Ever
       | look at a Markov Chain output and think "those are paragraphs of
       | text saying nothing at all"? Well, maybe it's closer to the
       | humans they're emulating than we thought.
        
       | Scoundreller wrote:
       | _Occasionally_ , the translations won't match in a contract or
       | law and bilingual legal fun ensues:
       | 
       | https://www.nytimes.com/2006/10/25/business/worldbusiness/25...
       | 
       | Whenever I'm looking for a legal loophole, I'll take a look at
       | the French translation of the law.
        
         | yboris wrote:
         | I'm baffled that dense contracts with so much money on the line
         | do not have better clarification of the terms. It would take
         | one or two extra sentences to make intentions clear for both
         | parties (e.g. "For example, if neither party notifies the other
         | by the end of the 4th year that they do not intend to cancel
         | the renewal, the contract will automatically renew for the
         | subsequent 5 years").
         | 
         | I'm not a lawyer, but when I was helping write agreements for
         | my dad with tenants he had - it seemed like a no-brainer to
         | include "this means, if X does not happen by 11:59pm of Y date,
         | Z will apply".
         | 
         | ps - I'm angry at any contract agreement where the date can be
         | interpreted as "end of day, 11:59pm" or "the day, which starts
         | at 0:01am"
        
           | xxpor wrote:
           | How many bugs in software result from forgetting to handle an
           | edge case?
           | 
           | Not surprising the same thing can happen in contracts;
           | they're both written by humans. And you can't unit test a
           | contract! (ignoring smart contracts for now)
        
         | mrspuratic wrote:
         | In Ireland (ROI), Irish being the first official language of
         | the state, constitutionally the Irish language version of a law
         | takes precedence (Article 25, 4.6o) over an English language
         | version (this applies to the constitution itself also).
         | 
         | Many laws are written in English in the first place though (the
         | president can sign either form), sadly it's sometimes a decade
         | or more before an official translation is made. A secondary
         | problem is the insistence of a defendant to have his trial
         | heard in the Irish language, or have Irish forms of the various
         | laws/summons/transgressions. We usually call those people "cute
         | hoors".
        
         | pseingatl wrote:
         | You can play these games within the same language: _See_ ,
         | _Regina v. Ojibway_.
        
       | pseingatl wrote:
       | Back in the 80's, researchers also worked on the concept of a
       | "bridge" language; that is, first translating a text into a
       | language with a simple grammar, few homonyms and other beneficial
       | traits, and then translating again into the target language. One
       | of the bridge languages was Aymara, but then Google's statistical
       | model took over. You can almost tell how much material Google has
       | to work with. For example, Mandarin<=>English translations are
       | pretty good, while Thai<=>English is usually unintelligible.
        
       | mdrzn wrote:
       | Thank you Canadians for your hard work!
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2022-03-08 23:02 UTC)