[HN Gopher] Bad behavior is almost always good politics (2021)
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Bad behavior is almost always good politics (2021)
        
       Author : mooreds
       Score  : 183 points
       Date   : 2022-03-07 13:46 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (fs.blog)
 (TXT) w3m dump (fs.blog)
        
       | antattack wrote:
       | Thankfully not all bad behavior: Congressional candidate Martin
       | Hyde thretened cop's career during traffic stop. He later
       | apologized and stopped his campaign.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SunGGUktKok
        
         | plazmatic wrote:
        
         | evan_ wrote:
         | Nope. He's still running.
         | 
         | https://www.heraldtribune.com/story/news/politics/2022/03/05...
        
       | dukeofdoom wrote:
       | There's a performative art to being a leader. Trump and Reagan
       | were both Actors. Trudeau was a drama teacher, and is famous for
       | dressing up in all kinds of costumes.
       | 
       | My PM Trudeau's "Bad Behaviour" List is kind of crazy:
       | 
       | 1. Wore Blackface "More times than he can remember"
       | 
       | 2. WE Charity was paying his family members for appearances.
       | 
       | 3. Banned Unvaccinated Canadians from Flying or even getting on a
       | Train
       | 
       | 4. Elbowed a female opposition lawmaker in the Chest
       | 
       | 5. Raised the national debt by 40%+ in one year
       | 
       | 6. Invoked Emergency Act to quash a protest, during which some
       | protestors were trampled by a police horse.
       | 
       | It's probably a longer list than this. These are just the things
       | I know about. But his inner circle still supports him. And the
       | CBC which is partially funded by the government runs praise
       | articles like he was the dear leader. So it must be good politics
       | on some level if he can still get support after doing all that.
       | 
       | If I was to analyze based on this article. The keys to his
       | success are:
       | 
       | 1. Raising the debt by Billions to have money to split to
       | supporters.
       | 
       | 2. Vilifying the unvaccinated and acting tough on them.
        
         | raidicy wrote:
         | >...some protestors were trampled by a police horse
         | 
         | I was under the impression fox news admitted to this being
         | false[0].
         | 
         | [0]https://www.yahoo.com/video/fox-news-contributor-admits-
         | crea...
        
           | dukeofdoom wrote:
           | She did not die but was taken to the hospital and treated for
           | her injures. Video of the incident.
           | https://rumble.com/embed/vsof48/?pub=b2cwm
        
             | raidicy wrote:
             | I had not seen this before. Thank you for helping to
             | improve my accuracy of the events.
        
         | pdabbadabba wrote:
         | Some of these seem like real cases of bad behavior (if true--I
         | don't know). But others are clearly just political
         | disagreements.
        
       | namlem wrote:
       | The Dictator's Handbook should be mandatory in HS civic, imo. I
       | have not seen a better explanation of how politics works.
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | While I agree on the premise of gaining and retaining power and
       | the importance of a loyal base to that end, I think reducing
       | loyalty to wealth redistribution is overly simplistic and
       | insufficient.
       | 
       | Humans like any social creatures are prone to _tribalism_. Social
       | cretures crave a sense of belonging and that means defining who
       | you are, what you want and what you stand for and finding
       | similarly minded individuals. Maintaining that group involves
       | signaling one 's "belonging". Tribalism can be along racial,
       | cultural, religious or language grounds but it can also be more
       | ephemeral than that.
       | 
       | Take the popularity of Trump, particularly among evangelicals and
       | other "values" voters. Now for anyone familiar with even a
       | modicum of Christian orthodoxy, Trump seen through the lens of
       | Christian morals is objectively a horrible human being. Many of
       | us find this hypocrisy perplexing but seen through the lens of
       | tribalism I think it makes more sense. Trump, through carefully
       | chosen wedge issues like guns and abortion, provides and
       | reinforces that sense of belonging to that group. It reinforces
       | the "us and them" and "we are warriors for Christ" world views
       | that are deeply-ingrained and pervasive.
       | 
       | Beyond Trump, you have Putin. Some evangelicals believe God is
       | working through Putin [1]. Tucker Carlson last week went on a
       | rant about Putin never did [insert imagine liberal sin here], a
       | video that is oddly hard to find now and Carlson has been forced
       | to backtrack on given the invasion.
       | 
       | Nationalism is another common road to tribalism.
       | 
       | But none of this really involves the transfer of material goods
       | as this post focuses on.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.newsweek.com/retired-evangelist-pat-robertson-
       | sa...
        
         | syshum wrote:
         | Ignoring the economic aspects Trump is foolish as well. Trump
         | either due to action or circumstance also directly lead to
         | better conditions for the Working Class via low inflation low
         | employment, and reducing environmental regulations that allowed
         | increasing in many blue collar jobs.
         | 
         | to be clear these effects are likely not a result of anything
         | trump did directly but mere circumstance of timing, however is
         | credited by the very people you are calling "values voters"
         | with improving their economic position while at the same time
         | supporting their values
         | 
         | In contrast, again correctly or not, the Actions of Democrats
         | led by Joe Biden are seen as directly increasing inflation, gas
         | prices, and worsing their economic situation.
         | 
         | I still firmly believes elections are always about economics,
         | if you believe person A will make you better off economically
         | you vote for them, or if you believe Person A will make you
         | worse off economically you vote against them..
         | 
         | 2020 was probably the first election in a long time that upends
         | that mold where it was not about economics...
        
         | daniel-cussen wrote:
         | No man has been slandered more than Trump, in his own country,
         | while he is alive and in power. Among the most slandered by any
         | reckoning, largely because of telecommunications advances and
         | the impunity with which slander can be carried out since the
         | last Supreme Court ruling during the civil rights movement of
         | the 1960s.
         | 
         | Believing the most slander in history leads directly to the
         | belief he is the worst person in history.
        
       | gbuk2013 wrote:
       | I think "Rules for Rulers" should be mandatory viewing as part of
       | any good education. :)
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rStL7niR7gs
        
         | namlem wrote:
         | I would go further and say that everyone should read the whole
         | book. Rules for Rulers is a great primer, but The Dictator's
         | Handbook has a ton of great content that isn't in the video.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | Also 48 Laws of Power
           | 
           | https://wikisummaries.org/48-laws-of-power/
        
         | motohagiography wrote:
         | That video is a summary of the book in the post (Dictator's
         | Handbook). I'd say that when combined with the works of
         | Pfeffer, Cialdini, and some negotiations theory, you can get a
         | pretty good framework for navigating organiztions and create
         | predictive models for political outcomes. However, the map is
         | not the territory, and you can't prevail in a game when your
         | opponents see you strategizing, so having opinions about this
         | stuff essentially disqualifies you from winning at it.
         | 
         | I use these authors' models in my consulting work to effect
         | change in large tech orgs. Most people say they are playing
         | chess and think they are secretly playing poker, but really
         | they're trapped in a a game of musical chairs during an
         | outbreak of cooties, where people are watching for signs of the
         | music slowing down and angling for a diminishing number of
         | seats. As a consultant, I solve problems and collect my fees
         | move on as I don't value the things they struggle for, but
         | having a metamodel from books like those for what's going on
         | can unblock organizations with some small influential changes.
        
           | gbuk2013 wrote:
           | In my experience, trying too hard or being attached to
           | opinions is certainly a limitation with just about anything.
           | 
           | For me the perspective offered in that video was simply to be
           | aware of this perspective existing, i.e. a paradigm shift. I
           | don't consciously try to use it - I am aware that I don't
           | have the talent for it - but it has proven a useful tool when
           | reflecting on situations and experiences. Certainly made me
           | put a lid on some of the hot-headed idealism I had in my
           | even-younger days. :)
        
       | dukeofdoom wrote:
       | "The 48 Laws of Power" is a fun read, and very related to this
       | topic. There's also a Youtube animation summary for the busy.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LLB4UrCXOq0
        
       | throwaquestion5 wrote:
       | I thought this was going to be an article with some historical
       | examples of leaders bad behavior against the general populace
       | that actually helps them keep power and the effects on it.
       | Instead is more of a tips and tricks on how to accrue long
       | lasting power.
       | 
       | Also I disagree about "democratic leaders have to dole out public
       | goods to maintain their power". At least I think public goods
       | here is too flimsy of a phrase to use here. It is alluded later
       | that one of the problems of a leader is bankruptcy. This implies
       | most favours to the 'winning coalition' and doling up public good
       | being just monetary compensation. I don't think is a good way to
       | phrase it. Bread and circus goes more to the point, the former
       | seems an anesthetic, harder to understand way to say drop some
       | money to keep the masses happy. And I don't consider that a
       | 'public good'.
        
         | batrachos wrote:
         | > Also I disagree about "democratic leaders have to dole out
         | public goods to maintain their power".
         | 
         | Disagree all you want. This is why certain ideologies that tend
         | to be rule-following and cast aspersion on the spoils system
         | often have trouble holding power. Such as centrists,
         | libertarians and greens.
        
           | bilbo0s wrote:
           | Wow. I think you're being very kind.
           | 
           | I'm having a hard time seeing how any ideology opposed to the
           | freebies and pork barrels gets into power at all? Let alone
           | getting to the point of having "trouble _holding_ power ". In
           | our system you're simply forced to give out freebies to your
           | voters. There really is no choice. In fact, there are some
           | freebies that all ideologies would be required to give out to
           | all voters. I'm American, in my system an example of that
           | kind of freebie would be something like social security
           | maybe? or the mortgage credit? However, if you're not from
           | the US, but rather from another democratic nation, I'm sure
           | you could name the freebies that are mandatory in your system
           | too.
        
             | re6fae5Wied5tha wrote:
        
       | JohnBooty wrote:
       | In democracies, the opposite is true: the winning
       | coalition is large, and the real selectorate is          almost
       | as large as the nominal selectorate. This          means that
       | dictators can keep their jobs by          handing out private
       | goods to their cronies,          whereas democratic leaders have
       | to dole out          public goods to maintain their power. That
       | seems to square pretty well with observations          in the
       | real world.
       | 
       | I'm not sure how to square this with recent US elections, where
       | poorer folk increasingly vote for the party that openly pledges
       | to give them the least, at least in tangible terms.
       | 
       | I suppose that "dole out public goods" doesn't necessarily have
       | to apply to tangible goods, of course. A lot of Republicans are
       | happy to vote for Republicans simply because they have promised
       | to ban things they find objectionable, like abortion. If
       | preventing women from having abortions is one's biggest personal
       | issue, then I suppose a guarantee to curb abortion rights would
       | be seen as "public goods."
        
         | MarkPNeyer wrote:
         | This framing carries the kind of contempt that propels poorer
         | people to vote Republican. They consistently feel contempt from
         | democrats. Should it be surprising why?
        
           | JohnBooty wrote:
           | I observed that many voters value their morals/values (for
           | example, Republicans who place a high value on preventing
           | abortions) more highly than they value tangible goods.
           | 
           | Many would consider that a compliment.
           | 
           | I _am_ such a person, or at least I strive to be.
           | 
           | I understand well that there's a "poor Republicans are so
           | dumb that they consistently vote against their own interests"
           | narrative out there. It appears to me that's plainly
           | something _you_ brought to the table here. That trope wasn 't
           | present in my observation, either explicitly or implicitly.
        
         | georgeecollins wrote:
         | The fundamental misunderstanding is thinking that people vote
         | to implement their wishes as opposed to express their values.
         | Why don't people vote for policies that help them-- the rich as
         | well as the poor btw? Working class people vote against social
         | welfare programs, professionals vote for tax hikes.
         | 
         | The reality is that people know that their individual vote has
         | a tiny chance of changing policy so the material reward for it
         | is very small. The psychic reward for expressing your values is
         | greater. So the working class person may vote to reduce social
         | welfare, but won't tear up a child tax credit. The professional
         | who votes for higher taxes won't donate an extra $5k to the
         | government. In both cases when those people vote they are
         | expressing their values, not their interests.
        
           | LordDragonfang wrote:
           | While to a large extent that is true, I think a larger part
           | of the issue is that people actually have different
           | foundational mental models of how the world "really" works.
           | 
           | Conservatives, for the most part, believe that a hierarchy of
           | haves and have-nots is not only natural, but _inevitable_. It
           | is consistent for them to therefore extrapolate that anyone
           | _claiming_ to work on flattening the hierarchy (by giving to
           | the have-nots) must _really_ be trying to get their in-group
           | further up the hierarchy, at the expense of those currently
           | benefitting from it.
           | 
           | That's why "He's not hurting the people he needs to be" _can_
           | be rationalized as in their self interest. In their view,
           | there is some constant, immutable amount of  "hurt" that
           | _some_ demographic has to bear.  "No such thing as a free
           | lunch" and such. So deep down, conservatives interpret any
           | calls to reduce that harm as instead being an existential
           | threat to redirect that harm to _their_ group.
           | 
           | I really recommend Ian Danskin's videos on the subject, they
           | explain it better than I can in one HN comment, with plenty
           | of scholastic sources:
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xMabpBvtXr4&list=PLJA_jUddXv.
           | ..
           | 
           | (Linked is "Always a Bigger Fish". Many of the historical
           | sources justifying the argument are discussed in the
           | "endnote" video that follows, but this video is the one that
           | lays out this particular argument, along with the later video
           | "I Hate Mondays")
        
           | gwbas1c wrote:
           | > If an autocrat's "inner circle" feels that their future is
           | insecure, they will be incentivized to improve the lot of the
           | nominal selectorate in case they someday find themselves on
           | the outside.
           | 
           | "The professional who votes for higher taxes" probably fears
           | that someday they won't be a professional, much like the
           | autocrat who fears they will someday be on the outside.
        
         | cpopw wrote:
         | I think it's more nuanced than that. People are just skeptical
         | of government especially in rural areas. Aside from access to
         | healthcare, I don't think many poor people have faith in
         | government help.
         | 
         | And living in a major city like Los Angeles is even worse. The
         | government's spending billions of dollars for 600-800k
         | apartments for the homeless, when the cost of living for
         | regular people goes up and up. And with little support for
         | small businesses.
         | 
         | The trope that poor Republicans are just "too stupid" to vote
         | for Democrats to save them, or are blinded by social issues,
         | seems largely false. They view the government as causing their
         | problems via cheap labor, "free trade", unfair regulation and
         | inflation.
        
           | JohnBooty wrote:
           | The trope that poor Republicans are just          "too
           | stupid" to vote for Democrats to          save them, or are
           | blinded by social issues,          seems largely false.
           | 
           | I know a lot of Republicans who are very smart, but they
           | value _vastly_ different things than I do (to put it mildly)
           | and vote accordingly, thus my observation.
        
           | 8note wrote:
           | Free trade and cheap labour are republican policies though.
           | That's what the republican god Reagan was all about
        
             | brimble wrote:
             | Republicans and Democrats alike bought into neo-liberalism
             | entirely, no later than 1990 (though, yes, it did start on
             | the R side). The leaders and presidential candidates of the
             | big two parties have consistently been on board with it,
             | with the only big exception being... Trump.
             | 
             | Meanwhile, neo-liberalism has been and remains unpopular
             | with the electorate on "both sides" (which is why Trump was
             | able to leverage that gap between voter preferences and the
             | standard party platform)
        
           | rurp wrote:
           | > People are just skeptical of government especially in rural
           | areas.
           | 
           | I would be more convinced of this if rural and conservative
           | areas weren't net takers of federal funds. In the US at
           | least, urban areas subsidize rural ones by quite a lot of
           | money.
           | 
           | In addition, take a look at the federal deficit under each
           | partie's leadership for the last 100 years. It's quite a coup
           | that Republicans get to pretend that they are the party for
           | small government and fiscal responsibility.
        
             | namelessoracle wrote:
             | In almost Urban area, the rural voters know about this
             | company or that company that is on a government contract
             | and fails to deliver the goods and services, while the
             | companies owners are living like Kings of the rural area.
             | 
             | The narrative you are using is the opposite side of the
             | same coin that Republicans use about how wealthy people who
             | vote for paying for more taxes should just donate money to
             | the government. If the government is giving out money,
             | you'd be a fool to refuse to take it because it's going to
             | get dispersed either way and the voters arent getting their
             | taxes back.
        
         | Arainach wrote:
         | >poorer folk increasingly vote for the party that openly
         | pledges to give them the least, at least in tangible terms.
         | 
         | One of the keys is that they pledge to give other groups _even
         | less_.
         | 
         | As LBJ said, "If you can convince the lowest white man he's
         | better than the best colored man, he won't notice you're
         | picking his pocket. Hell, give him somebody to look down on,
         | and he'll empty his pockets for you"
        
           | PathOfEclipse wrote:
           | You are completely missing the point as to why people voted
           | Republican recently, and of course, doing it with an air of
           | smug superiority and vague references to racism. LBJ's quote
           | ironically applies in reverse to the democrats of today,
           | especially and including some minority communities. He might
           | have said:
           | 
           | "If you can convince the lowest person that his situation is
           | not his fault, he won't notice that you're making it harder
           | for him to rise up. Hell, give him welfare and a system to
           | blame, and he'll happily and loyally stay down forever."
        
             | Arainach wrote:
             | >give him welfare and a system to blame, and he'll happily
             | and loyally stay down forever.
             | 
             | So.....farmers?
             | 
             | The welfare tropes are so exhaustingly played out,
             | especially when all data shows that red voters get far more
             | welfare.
             | 
             | https://www.moneygeek.com/living/states-most-reliant-
             | federal...
             | 
             | This applies in most states at the local level too:
             | 
             | https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-news/politics/why-
             | are-w...
             | 
             | Also, you're ignoring the voters who explicitly tell us why
             | they're voting that way: "he's not hurting the people he
             | needs to be": https://www.vox.com/policy-and-
             | politics/2019/1/8/18173678/tr...
        
               | PathOfEclipse wrote:
               | If you trust Vox to give you insight into Republican
               | voters, then I cannot take you any more seriously than if
               | I cited a Federalist article to tell you why people voted
               | for Biden. My trust for the Guardian is only slightly
               | higher than for Vox, but I find this article at least
               | seems far more balanced: https://www.theguardian.com/us-
               | news/2016/nov/09/why-did-peop...
               | 
               | It includes things like:
               | 
               | * Voters felt Trump was more genuine than Hillary. That's
               | not hard to believe. Trump is raw and real to a fault.
               | Hillary is a corrupt career politician.
               | 
               | * Make America prosperous again. Democrats like to ignore
               | history that shows that conservative presidents bring far
               | more prosperity; leftist presidents destroy prosperity.
               | 
               | * Trump was the best or only conservative option. In
               | general, the best reason to vote for a candidate is
               | simply that the other candidate is worse.
               | 
               | * A reaction to Obama. Thomas Sowell at the time believed
               | Obama was the U.S. worst president ever. While not a
               | historian myself, I am inclined to take the opinion
               | seriously: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0UpiNiaak18&li
               | st=WL&index=1&...
               | 
               | And, if you are sick of the welfare tropes, you probably
               | need more Sowell in your life:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rdwXoKTW3Ew
        
               | reducesuffering wrote:
               | > Democrats like to ignore history that shows that
               | conservative presidents bring far more prosperity;
               | leftist presidents destroy prosperity.
               | 
               | Oh man, this was my 8th grade understanding in a
               | Republican household.
               | 
               | However it's not very hard to look at the US economy and
               | debt under Clinton, then Bush, then Obama as recent,
               | alternating, and stark differences. Clinton had one of
               | the best US economies in history with a budget surplus,
               | Bush squandered that on wars and the 08 recession. Obama
               | picked up the pieces of a recession and brought us back
               | to economic strength from the brink.
               | 
               | Then there's the crucial point in history where the three
               | consecutive conservative presidencies, Harding, Coolidge,
               | Hoover led us to the Great Depression vs. FDR's birth of
               | the modern American middle class...
               | 
               | (Yes, I read and appreciate Sowell. And when I say the
               | president's names, I mean their administration's
               | policies.)
        
               | jonfw wrote:
               | The data shows that states with red voters also have high
               | welfare rates. That's very different than showing that
               | red voters get more welfare.
               | 
               | Given that welfare recipients are among the minority in
               | every single state, it's very possible that the welfare
               | recipients are voting majority blue and still losing
               | their state elections
        
               | PathOfEclipse wrote:
               | To support what you are saying, I found this article:
               | https://wallstreetpit.com/89671-are-welfare-recipients-
               | mostl...
               | 
               | "Hardly surprising, we see that in a two-party split,
               | 60-80% of welfare recipients are Democrats, while full
               | time Workers are evenly divided between parties."
        
             | rexpop wrote:
             | > give him welfare... and he'll... stay down
             | 
             | Are you sure it's not: he'll fare... well?
        
               | PathOfEclipse wrote:
               | No, I meant "stay down":
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rdwXoKTW3Ew
               | 
               | Also: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MDwDRGtvDrQ
               | 
               | Also: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HCVnydB3bj0
        
             | avs733 wrote:
             | Its all well and good to take people at face value when you
             | ask them a direct question, but when the data consistently
             | bears out that that is not the truth you have a
             | responsibility to look at reality.
             | 
             | Response bias is well studied:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Response_bias
             | 
             | Especially when one has been fed a narrative specifically
             | to _cover_ underlying beliefs in something that has more
             | social acceptability.
             | 
             | "The democrats are smug" okay...lets ask the follow-up
             | question. Why? how? please explain? Taking people at their
             | literal word for why they do something is basically the
             | worst possible version of any social sciences research.
        
               | PathOfEclipse wrote:
               | > but when the data consistently bears out that that is
               | not the truth you have a responsibility to look at
               | reality.
               | 
               | I have to admit you've lost me. What reality are we
               | talking about?
               | 
               | > "The democrats are smug" okay...lets ask the follow-up
               | question. Why? how? please explain?
               | 
               | Thomas Sowell has written entire books about the
               | arrogance of leftism. This one I've read personally:
               | https://www.amazon.com/Quest-Cosmic-Justice-Thomas-
               | Sowell/dp...
               | 
               | This one I would like to find time to read:
               | https://www.amazon.com/Vision-Anointed-Self-
               | Congratulation-S...
               | 
               | From my own personal experience, it takes a certain
               | arrogance to believe in authoritarianism, that a few
               | elite should be making all the decisions for the unwashed
               | masses. This describes the current democrat party to a
               | tee.
               | 
               | Similarly, it takes a certain arrogance to believe you
               | have all the answers, and similarly, to ignore all the
               | evidence that disproves your assumptions. This describes
               | most so-called progressives.
               | 
               | In contrast, it takes humility to be a conservative,
               | recognize that you don't have all the answers, that
               | things are the way they are for a reason, and that the
               | world is complex with more far tradeoffs than pure
               | solutions.
        
               | reducesuffering wrote:
               | > it takes a certain arrogance to believe in
               | authoritarianism, that a few elite should be making all
               | the decisions for the unwashed masses. This describes the
               | current democrat party to a tee.
               | 
               | I see you got the names of the Democrat and Republican
               | parties confused. As the 2020 election showed a minority
               | of the country tried to throw out the results of an
               | election to usurp power for their authoritarian...
        
         | KerrAvon wrote:
         | It's simpler than that: Fox News has been inculcating fascism
         | in the USA for 20 years. We are transitioning rapidly from
         | democracy into a dictatorship.
        
           | rossjudson wrote:
           | Joss Fong investigated "How American Conservatives Turned
           | Against Vaccines":
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/JossFong/status/1496525152598777856
           | 
           | It is really good.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | Perhaps you can't resolve that contradiction because it doesn't
         | exist. By income, Democrats won the lower third and middle
         | third income groups by 55-45 in 2020.
        
           | MarkPNeyer wrote:
           | This trend has been changing over time, though. Democrats are
           | losing poorer voters and gaining among highly educated, and
           | higher earning voters.
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | Data? Pew poll says that trump won non-college-educated
             | white men 4:1 in 2016 and only 3:1 in 2020. Isn't that
             | going the opposite direction of your claim?
        
               | LordDragonfang wrote:
               | I think that's more an effect of the gender of the
               | opposing candidate than anything else. You can't deny
               | that sexism played a huge role in the public opposition
               | to Hillary Clinton's campaign. It was plain to see if you
               | followed any of the discussion online, often becoming
               | openly misogynistic.
               | 
               | Edit: also, this source seems to disagree with you:
               | https://www.economist.com/graphic-detail/2020/11/11/once-
               | aga...
        
               | jeffbee wrote:
               | That source seems to agree with me. The graph shows less-
               | educated white voters with a 10% swing to democrats
               | between 2016 and 2020. Also I completely agree that
               | irrational animus towards HRC was a big cause in 2016.
        
           | JohnBooty wrote:
           | Poorer, less-educated _white_ voters overwhelmingly favored
           | Trump.
        
         | bsedlm wrote:
         | the way I think about what's happened in the USA is that
         | primarily by means of "lobbying" it happened that the public
         | (i.e. the citizenry) stopped being made out of human
         | individuals and became corporations and other large businesses.
         | 
         | this implies that giving out public goods is actually about
         | giving tax breaks and subsidies to campaign donnors and
         | lobbyists both of which are really for-profit companies.
         | 
         | ...or something like that.
        
           | JohnBooty wrote:
           | Yeah, that makes sense. There's kind of a dance our
           | politicians have to do. They have to keep the corporations
           | and PACs happy first and foremost, but they also have to...
           | well, not necessarily keep the people _happy,_ but say the
           | right things so that people will actually go vote for them.
        
             | fallingknife wrote:
             | Basically yes. About 20% of the population is highly
             | politically engaged and partisan (mostly the upper-middle
             | class). The rest are neutral or lean Republican or
             | Democrat, but are really more concerned with day to day
             | things. If you piss of your ideological base in the 20%,
             | you will get primaried. If you screw something up so badly
             | that it affects the day to day life of the other 80%, you
             | will be destroyed in the general election. So the winning
             | strategy is to go as far as you can to please your base
             | without pissing off the main population too much. An
             | example of this is "defund the police." Perfect for the
             | Democratic base, but absolutely toxic to the unengaged
             | middle watching SF shoplifting videos on Youtube. See how
             | quickly they backed off that?
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > See how quickly they backed off that?
               | 
               | The Democratic Party never adopted it at all. The
               | activists that did were largely outside of the Party and
               | opposed by the elected Party officials from day one.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | andi999 wrote:
         | This quote also suggests a failure mode: if the people expect
         | more than the people are willing to give plus maximum debt
         | increase. Like you want low tax/social security payments and
         | retirement age of 50.
        
         | UncleMeat wrote:
         | Poor _white people_ vote Republican. If you actually look at
         | the entire population, Democrats consistently win the lower
         | class.
        
           | cosmojg wrote:
           | Just to add to your comment, here's a chart showing how
           | college education (probably a good proxy for socioeconomic
           | class) correlates with Democrat/Republican leanings across
           | racial groups: https://assets.morningconsult.com/wp-
           | uploads/2020/09/1618431...
        
           | glitchc wrote:
           | This has to do with immigration and equity among races more
           | so than a direct transfer of wealth.
        
             | UnpossibleJim wrote:
             | In one of the most contentious elections in the last 100
             | years, the racial voting lines were not quite as stark as I
             | expected. While black voters voted in the ratio I expected,
             | I honestly expected this type of ratio along all racial
             | lines except white given the Republican rhetoric in the
             | latest presidential election:
             | 
             | https://www.statista.com/statistics/1184425/presidential-
             | ele...
             | 
             | TBH, this was an election for the Democrats to lose, when
             | it came to non-white voters and the ball was dropped. I'm
             | not sure why they keep chasing these edge-case voters and
             | ignoring the lower and middle class, base. They assume
             | they're "gimme's" I assume - but voter turn out will, and
             | does, drop =[
             | 
             | Full disclosure, I live in the Seattle area, so the
             | rhetoric bubble here is _strong_
             | 
             | EDIT: typo
        
         | 0xCMP wrote:
         | I would square it by looking at the rhetoric which often
         | focuses on "big government paying cronies and the 'swamp'".
         | It's important to distinguish what they're actually doing from
         | what they're saying to get support.
         | 
         | Also see a huge amount of research that _who_ gets part of the
         | public goods is almost important as the fact that they 're
         | giving out public goods. Which often falls along nationalistic
         | and racial lines.
         | 
         | I personally doubt that _most_ in GOP vote along those value
         | lines, but there are very vocal and organized segments that do
         | which I think explains why it 'd seem that way.
         | 
         | Source: personal experiences and anecdotal evidence (e.g. take
         | with a grain of salt)
        
       | synergy20 wrote:
       | Crying baby got more milk, politics is no exception.
        
       | anm89 wrote:
       | I bought this book and remember giving up on it pretty quickly
       | because I hated the style of the writing. Don't even recall why.
       | 
       | Years later I heard this youtube essay which I'm just connecting
       | the dots now is basically just a recap of that book. I personally
       | liked the 20 minute essay way more and I think it gives a pretty
       | good summary of the key points:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rStL7niR7gs
        
       | javajosh wrote:
       | The question HN should be asking: Why aren't there more
       | technologists in politics? Why is the will-to-power so often
       | absent in us?
       | 
       | Personally, I think we've all grown up _assuming_ a safe, stable,
       | neo-liberal capitalist environment that gives us a space to play
       | with our toys, and indeed, strongly encourages it. This is not a
       | position of power, but the position of a bright child.
        
         | vondur wrote:
         | Aren't a larger number of politicians in China formerly
         | scientists/engineers? I'm not sure if tech people do any better
         | than others in this regard.
        
           | javajosh wrote:
           | I've heard that, but I don't know. Other counter-examples:
           | Angela Merkel is a scientist. But the only ones I can think
           | of in the US are few. Andrew Yang. Zuckerberg is also rumored
           | to have desire for political power. Carla Fiorina was CEO of
           | HP and ran for CA governor, but I'm not sure if she was tech-
           | wise or not.
        
             | vondur wrote:
             | Carly Fiorina was some sort of history or literature major
             | I believe, and she was an ineffective CEO of HP. You are
             | correct about Angela Merkel, she was a physical chemist,
             | but I believe many of the energy problems that Germany is
             | currently facing have to do with her policies.
        
         | leetcrew wrote:
         | I don't think the "will-to-power" is absent at all. rather, the
         | private sector is a better path to power for someone with
         | technical chops, influencing through money instead of formal
         | political authority. of course by the time you have this much
         | money, your interests tend to diverge from the frontline
         | engineers.
        
           | javajosh wrote:
           | It's only a theoretical path to political power, though.
           | There are no examples that I know of, at least in the US, of
           | a tech entrepreneur or scientist successfully running for
           | office. I think Woodrow Wilson was a professor, and he was a
           | disastrous president (and notably very racist).
           | 
           | Yes, the money can buy influence over power, but not obtain
           | power itself. And if Citizen's United is ever legislated
           | against (and it should be) even that influence will be
           | limited.
        
       | zby wrote:
       | If a behaviour is beneficial for an agent - then we don't need
       | any moral rules to pressure him to do that.
       | 
       | Also the set of all possible bad behaviours is very big and it
       | would be absurd if all of that would be good politics. The title
       | only makes sense if we somehow restrict that set of all possible
       | bad behaviours.
        
       | kwhitefoot wrote:
       | I think _good_ is a bad _word_ for this. A better word would be
       | _effective_.
        
         | bitexploder wrote:
         | Superman does good. Politicians don't.
        
           | unfocussed_mike wrote:
           | I wish people wouldn't joke like this about "all politicians"
           | because it is a key part of precisely the kind of nihilism
           | and cynicism that leads to the outcomes we're seeing in
           | Europe right now: a textbook example of what happens when a
           | President has cowed the entire political mechanism around him
           | by manipulating just this kind of cynicism.
           | 
           | Many politicians absolutely do good. Politics itself is not
           | about doing good, it is about working towards the possible.
        
             | Clubber wrote:
             | "Many politicians absolutely do good"
             | 
             | I mean if you look at them with an uncritical eye, sure.
             | The system is corrupt, at least in the US. Just look at
             | what corporations pay in taxes.
             | 
             | Can you name some US politicians that "do good," and what
             | do you define as good? Talk is cheap, they all tell you
             | what they think you want to hear. Think of all the corrupt
             | systems in play that are detrimental to the us population:
             | NAFTA, globalization, policing, qualified immunity, civil
             | asset forfeiture abuse, mass surveillance, over-
             | prosecution, ungodly military spending, school defunding,
             | many more. Things these "do good" politicians just ignore.
             | Doesn't that taint them at all in your mind?
        
               | unfocussed_mike wrote:
               | "Doesn't that taint them at all in your mind?"
               | 
               | Sit back and think about how leaving that thought
               | unchallenged -- not looking for and appealing to the good
               | in politicians -- leads inexorably to the kind of
               | collapse of democracy that you nearly experienced less
               | than a year ago.
        
               | Clubber wrote:
               | But ignoring it leads to perpetuating an even more
               | corrupt system, no? Bad politicians need to be held
               | accountable, yet we keep reelecting the same ones with
               | the same self serving interests.
               | 
               | Apply the same logic to other organizations. Are there
               | good police? Sure. Are they still good if they ignore
               | police brutality and cover it up? I would argue that
               | would make them bad police.
               | 
               | Currently if you drive with cash, police can pull you
               | over and take it. They split it up with the federal
               | government. You are left with no cash and are now
               | responsible for hiring a lawyer to try to get it back.
               | That is literally theft from the government. Which
               | politicians are trying to stop this? How does legally
               | stealing from citizens reenforce the faith in the rule of
               | law? It doesn't. Rather than trying to blame the person
               | pointing this stuff out for the decline of democracy,
               | maybe put some blame on the people who write unjust laws.
        
               | unfocussed_mike wrote:
               | > But ignoring it leads to perpetuating an even more
               | corrupt system, no?
               | 
               | I guess it would but I said nothing about ignoring it.
        
               | Clubber wrote:
               | >not looking for and appealing to the good in politicians
               | 
               | So what are you saying then? What does that even mean?
               | Sounds like the feel good rhetoric politicians have been
               | feeding us for decades. I can look for the good all I
               | want but that doesn't magically make it appear or make
               | the "do good" politicians effective. I've been giving
               | politicians of both parties the benefit of the doubt for
               | 20+ years, and without fail, they disappoint. Most of us
               | are a lot worse off than we were in 1995.
               | 
               | Be optimistic? Is that what you are saying?
               | 
               | How's our life expectancy looking? Worse. How's the drug
               | war going? Worse. How does the average person's prospect
               | of retirement look? Worse. How's the prospect of home
               | ownership looking? Worse. How's our freedoms looking?
               | Worse. Remember that whole net neutrality thing that the
               | Ds were pushing? What happened to that now that they have
               | power? The politicians are controlled by the parties, the
               | parties are controlled by the donors. Our futures are
               | being sold down the river to the highest bidder. What's
               | good? Give me some optimism.
        
               | unfocussed_mike wrote:
               | It is not "feel-good rhetoric". It's a suggestion that it
               | would be better to do the hard, consistent work to
               | humanise the opposition so that their decisions can be
               | criticised without writing them all off as people.
               | 
               | But if I must spell it out to you -- I'll get downvoted
               | for it -- I am saying that, essentially, "othering"
               | politicians as inherently not doing good, or saying that
               | they are _all_ tainted by the actions of some of them, is
               | the precise sentiment that was exploited to allow a
               | corrupt, amoral, malignant narcissist and populist into
               | the White House, who deliberately tried to overthrow the
               | democratic process.
               | 
               | Very few of the politicians tarred in that way are
               | anything like as dangerous as the man this enabled. And
               | the most dangerous of them take part in the tarring.
               | 
               | If you cannot look at politicians and seek to find the
               | good and the common ground in them, you're doing the
               | nihilistic groundwork of future fascists. Don't do that.
        
               | Clubber wrote:
               | >It's a suggestion that it would be better to do the
               | hard, consistent work to humanise the opposition so that
               | their decisions can be criticised without writing them
               | all off as people.
               | 
               | I'm not dehumanizing anybody, I'm just calling them
               | corrupt. Politicians have been doing a lot of
               | dehumanizing though. "Socialists," "basket of
               | deplorables," "anti-vaxxer," "thugs," "racists," etc. You
               | know the routine.
               | 
               | >I am saying that, essentially, "othering" politicians as
               | inherently not doing good, or saying that they are all
               | tainted by the actions of some of them, is the precise
               | sentiment that was exploited to allow a corrupt, amoral,
               | malignant narcissist and populist into the White House,
               | who deliberately tried to overthrow the democratic
               | process.
               | 
               | Don't you feel the corruption of the existing system was
               | what allowed him to get elected in the first place? Would
               | we have Trump if we didn't have the bank bailouts in 2008
               | while letting grandmas get their house foreclosed on?
               | Doubt it. Would we have Trump if we hadn't insisted on
               | staying in Iraq and Afghanistan for 20 years, then barely
               | help vets when they came home? Doubt it. Would we have
               | Trump if Occupy Wall Street made a difference rather than
               | get jackbooted? Probably not. Would we have Trump if
               | politicians didn't wholly allow globalization at the
               | expense of the US worker? No. Would we have Trump if
               | politicians didn't almost exclusively pass legislation to
               | the benefit of their donors while ignoring the citizenry?
               | No. Trump absolutely wiped the floor with GOP darlings at
               | the GOP debates and he largely did it from the left of
               | GOP dogma, at least economically.
               | 
               | I see Trump as a symptom of our current predicament. He
               | was popular because he pointed out the corruption of the
               | existing system. The irony of course is he was just as
               | corrupt. Make no mistake, unless things improve, there
               | will undoubtedly be another, who is more politically and
               | bureaucratically expedient. If you are concerned with
               | that at all, the status quo is almost a guarantee it will
               | happen.
               | 
               | Anyway I gave you a couple upvotes incase someone comes
               | along and tries to downvote you. I'm enjoying this
               | discussion.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | People don't understand the difference between "good" and
               | "better", or the idea of marginal/incremental
               | improvement.
               | 
               | "Good" is almost never the solition to "bad -- it's
               | usually impractical for pragmatic or political reasons.
               | The solution is "better" aka "less bad" and iterate.
               | Progressive ideas, and ideas that can get some semblance
               | of consensus, work much better than Revolutionary ideas.
        
             | BurningFrog wrote:
             | Politicians who focus on doing good are at an disadvantage
             | to politicians who focus on getting elected. So we end up
             | with mostly the latter.
        
               | fulafel wrote:
               | Yes, you need to try to get elected. But getting elected
               | is often connected with credibility in substance.
        
               | unfocussed_mike wrote:
               | I can see the point.
               | 
               | One side of the US system is consistently better at
               | getting elected than the other, and used to ideologically
               | prefer the concept of a weaker form of governance.
        
               | BurningFrog wrote:
               | The honest politician is limited to telling the truth.
               | 
               | The pragmatic one can say whatever maximizes their chance
               | of winning.
        
           | peteradio wrote:
           | Politics is a necessary evil to surface all the backstabbing
           | before money is spent on policy.
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | Superman is a vigilante and doesn't appear to investigate the
           | background, instead he merely acts. Write ups of his exploits
           | ignore side effects (e.g. jumping into a pressurized plane in
           | flight will rain debris down on innocent people below -- not
           | to mention kill all the passengers).
           | 
           | Politicians do and have done plenty of good things, from
           | getting bridges built, to Medicare, to fighting a war to stop
           | slavery.
        
             | gestttgf wrote:
        
               | lern_too_spel wrote:
               | Lack of government would have allowed slavery
               | indefinitely.
        
               | gestttgf wrote:
        
               | sudhirj wrote:
               | This is debatable. One of the problems with slavery is
               | the institution supporting it - the laws against slaves
               | that were enforced by the government. If there wasn't a
               | government the slaves could simply kill the master and
               | take the land.
               | 
               | While it was the government that ultimately abolished
               | slavery, it was also the government that held it in place
               | until that time.
        
               | kwhitefoot wrote:
               | > If there wasn't a government the slaves could simply
               | kill the master and take the land.
               | 
               | And then take your land too, or perhaps enslave you.
               | There is no reason to believe that slaves are inherently
               | more moral than their masters. With no government it's
               | every man for himself and the strongest or most ruthless
               | will come out on top.
               | 
               | The fact that some governments at some times enabled
               | slavery to continue does not mean that not having
               | government would cause it to end.
        
             | Clubber wrote:
             | >Politicians do and have done plenty of good things, from
             | getting bridges built, to Medicare, to fighting a war to
             | stop slavery.
             | 
             | Aside from bridges, all the politicians who did what you
             | said are long dead. How long do current politicians get to
             | rest on the laurels of long dead ones?
        
             | unfocussed_mike wrote:
             | It's important to understand that Superman (as with some
             | other superheroes) is fundamentally a profoundly Jewish
             | figure, an exploration of universal ideas from the Hebrew
             | bible and the Talmud, hitched to US national pride and
             | universal parallels from other cultures.
             | 
             | Every single Superman story is at some level like it could
             | be something from the Talmud about the costs and benefits
             | of Jehovah's day-to-day involvement in the lives of his
             | faithful. The writers were steeped in this culture.
             | 
             | He's not a vigilante. He's more like an actively-involved
             | angel (or avatar in the Hindu sense).
             | 
             | The stories ultimately build into parables about
             | intervention in human free will, and the costs and
             | responsibilities of accepting that intervention.
             | 
             | The reason I say this is to point out the impossibility of
             | this comparison.
             | 
             | Superman does not do "good", he does "god".
             | 
             | Politicians can do "good".
             | 
             |  _I am not by any means a comic book aficionado. Or Jewish!
             | I 'm the son of an RE teacher who was fascinated by
             | subconscious cultural expressions of universal religious
             | themes in sci-fi and comics. (She was really a Star Wars
             | fan, read the books even!)_
        
               | staticman2 wrote:
               | That's a little reductive since the character of Superman
               | is inspired by contemporary science fiction of its day
               | and Nietzsche, among other things.
               | 
               | What you are presenting is a "reading" and not "wrong",
               | but there are alternative readings.
               | 
               | I guess what I'm saying is you can read the character in
               | a very secular way.
        
               | unfocussed_mike wrote:
               | It would be reductive to _ignore_ the Jewishness of it
               | all, at least as a millieu, particularly considering the
               | shared heritage of its co-creators. The entire comic book
               | industry of its time was (like Hollywood of the time)
               | largely the work of refugees, emigres and their
               | descendants.
               | 
               | There are definitely riffs on Nietsche in there, course.
               | Not least in the name gag.
               | 
               | But it's just one example of the extraordinary amount of
               | hidden/telegraphed Jewishness in US culture of the time.
               | And because it is so well-hidden, people are often
               | surprised when you point it out.
               | 
               | (Like, can you name a really popular Christmas pop song
               | that was not written or co-written by a Jewish person?)
        
               | staticman2 wrote:
               | The character of Superman isn't used to explore ideas
               | from the Talmud or religious ideas, as far as I know.
               | 
               | Sure his having a secret identity as Clark Kent can be
               | seen as mirroring a Jew trying to assimilate among
               | gentiles.
               | 
               | His having fled a dead planet can be seen as mirroring
               | Jews fleeing from pogroms.
               | 
               | There's a lot of messianic symbolism, but the moral issue
               | he has to solve is "Lex Luther wants to blow up the west
               | coast of the U.S." not some parable of Talmidic law.
               | 
               | The moral conundrums Superman faces are simple inarguable
               | concepts like "genocide is bad" or "that guy on death row
               | is innocent and somebody should find the real killer and
               | save him". Or "law and order."
               | 
               | If he struggles whether to "interfere" with society it's
               | obviously because the formula of a Superman story is
               | about restoring the status quo to society after a villain
               | tries to disrupt society or blow it up, to be repeated in
               | the next adventure. Superman deciding not to "interfere"
               | is just an in story explanation for the repeated formula
               | of a low brow pulp serial.
               | 
               | The people who make the comics do not and did not even
               | have creative freedom to stray too far from this formula.
               | Superman is not owned by the men and women who write and
               | draw the comics.
        
               | unfocussed_mike wrote:
               | > The character of Superman isn't used to explore ideas
               | from the Talmud or religious ideas, as far as I know.
               | 
               | I guess _exploration_ was not quite the right word, and
               | this is a fair point for sure. I didn 't mean it to sound
               | quite as explicit.
               | 
               | What I suppose I mean is that there's a sort of narrative
               | exposition of it. It's not subconscious, I think is what
               | I mean, even if it is not explicit. Growing up the way
               | Siegel did it would have been difficult to ignore a whole
               | set of stories and cultural associations and dialogues.
               | 
               | The parallels about Superman himself are telegraphed, as
               | you say. He's a refugee, he partially assimilated, and
               | the main brake on his ability to get involved is a very
               | explicit understanding that he cannot break cover without
               | risk (though this is much more evident in the cinema
               | Superman films I think). Both Siegel and Shuster were
               | from families who had changed their names to avoid
               | discrimination.
               | 
               | The stories are simple but I am not sure they start off
               | from anything more than that experience. And the notion
               | of justice and injustice is as I understand it very much
               | something the Talmud concerns itself with. As well as at
               | least one story about whether a largely absent Hebrew god
               | should be allowed to to interfere.
        
         | undecisive wrote:
         | Given that the author doesn't use the word anywhere else (apart
         | from the title of the book that shares this article's title) I
         | suspect the author is fully aware of this.
         | 
         | Might be worth pointing out the word politics is, for many, a
         | pejorative. In that worldview, this statement is more akin to
         | "Good thievery" or "Good fraud" in which the implication is
         | obvious that it is describing ways of being better at that act,
         | not that you are working towards any moral aims.
         | 
         | But yes, the word "Good" is clearly intended as poetic
         | counterpoint to the "Bad" in behaviour.
        
       | mrtksn wrote:
       | Yet another piece that chooses the KPI by ignoring the existence
       | of the individual. It's essentially human resources management
       | theory where units of human are fungible.
       | 
       | All this machiavellian stuff is definitely effective for people
       | in power.
       | 
       | I hoped that people would notice that in the Game of Thrones all
       | that clever politics and noble fights were irrelevant to the
       | people who don't have aspirations of governing other people. If
       | you are aspiring to uncover the secrets of the universe, if you
       | have talent for music or maybe you just want a simple life - that
       | is still irrelevant unless you can structure your output to feed
       | into the power of a person who holds a title. Why? Because in the
       | eyes of these sociopaths you are a unit of HR management and
       | nothing more.
       | 
       | Unfortunately, an awful lot of people are fascinated with the
       | throne games and are willing to give their lives for it.
       | 
       | For example, according to these people Putin is right because EU
       | and NATO were expanding and Putin had to invade. Actual human
       | beings dreaming to join a society with low corruption and big
       | prospects(In contrast to Russian sphere of influence) is
       | irrelevant for them, they will tell you that Ukrainians should
       | have remained a buffer. Go you live your life as buffer.
        
         | fallingknife wrote:
         | Ukraine will be a buffer one way or another, for NATO or for
         | Russia. It is very clear that the Ukrainian people would much
         | rather be a buffer for NATO, but that doesn't change the
         | fundamental nature of the situation. Recognizing that Putin's
         | interests are the same as ours, just in reverse, is not saying
         | that he is "right." And if you think these fights are
         | irrelevant to ordinary people, you are obviously not thinking
         | it through. What about all of the Russians whose money has just
         | lost 30% of its value? What about all of the Germans who need
         | Russian gas to heat their homes? And the Ukrainians who no
         | longer have homes.
        
         | tablespoon wrote:
         | > For example, according to these people Putin is right because
         | EU and NATO were expanding and Putin had to invade. Actual
         | human beings dreaming to join a society with low corruption and
         | big prospects(In contrast to Russian sphere of influence) is
         | irrelevant for them, they will tell you that Ukrainians should
         | have remained a buffer. Go you live your life as buffer.
         | 
         | IMHO, what you describe is often just a special case of not
         | thinking very holistically, zooming in on too few things while
         | ignoring the whole, then reasoning about the whole based on
         | those too few things. Oftentimes that leads to prioritizing
         | something that's morally wrong, or otherwise getting priorities
         | mixed up by elevating some less important thing over a more
         | important thing. Those kinds of errors are also easily
         | exploitable by controlling attention. E.g. if you attend
         | narrowly enough to Putin's grievances, his actions will seem
         | justified no matter how awful they are.
         | 
         | Another area where I often see this is economics.
        
         | pphysch wrote:
         | First of all, Game of Thrones isn't real.
         | 
         | > Actual human beings dreaming to join a society with low
         | corruption and big prospects(In contrast to Russian sphere of
         | influence) is irrelevant for them
         | 
         | I encourage you to look into who actually came into power
         | following Ukraine's 2014 coup (hint: look up the founders and
         | accomplices of the "Yalta European Strategy") and what its
         | economy has looked before and after.
        
           | mrtksn wrote:
           | A Christmas Carol is also not a real story but it is a great
           | masterpiece helping us think about life.
           | 
           | PS. I'm Bulgaria born, I know very well what it is like being
           | under Russian influence or Western influence but thanks for
           | the reading material.
        
             | pphysch wrote:
             | > A Christmas Carol is also not a real story but it is a
             | great masterpiece helping us think about life.
             | 
             | Sure, if your audience is literally children.
             | 
             | Using a series of (violent) smut novels as a guide for
             | complex human dynamics is not something that serious people
             | do.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | >Using a series of (violent) smut novels as a guide for
               | complex human dynamics
               | 
               | That's a straw man argument. I don't suggest for guidance
               | of society by Lord of the Rings novels.
               | 
               | I don't know if I should reply to you, that's very low
               | quality conversation here. What's next? Name calling?
               | Maybe you should consider the possibility that you are
               | not one of those serious people and try reading a book by
               | Charles Dickens.
        
               | iratewizard wrote:
               | No, Game of Thrones is a series of violent smut novels
               | and a television series based on said novels.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | >No?
               | 
               | No to what? Can you be more specific? What are you
               | objecting to?
        
         | manholio wrote:
         | > All this machiavellian stuff is definitely effective for
         | people in power.
         | 
         | As an engineer by trade who turned to politics and government
         | for a while, I find your perspective very simplistic. People
         | are hardwired to seek recognition and social respect - also
         | known as "power" - and build hierarchies around it. Politics
         | exists in every profession and walk of life, as soon as you
         | have people trying to achieve some common goal, you will have
         | competition for decision making.
         | 
         | In professional politics, the grab for power is naked and
         | participants understands the game, so the field tends to
         | attract sociopaths effective at persuading others. That's all a
         | good politician does at the end of the day, convinces people
         | around them that acting in the interest of the politician is
         | good for them too. Professionals cannot afford the luxury of
         | ideology or vision, since any effort earnestly spent on those
         | is time not spent furthering their own power, a weakness a
         | better politician will surely exploit. Politicians will claim
         | values and virtues, they will fish around in society for
         | popular themes they can champion to increase their reach, but
         | the only real project of any successful politician is
         | themselves.
         | 
         | In other fields, reality tends to get in the way of pure
         | politics, and you can't talk your way out of a brain surgery or
         | spaghetti codebase. This tends to leave many naive people with
         | the impression that politics is marginal and things are decided
         | on technical merit, personal talent, work etc. This is not the
         | case.
         | 
         | Every CEO, inventor, Nobel-prize winner, famous author and
         | journalist is first and foremost a skilled politician. They
         | were able to convince others to work in their lab or company,
         | to publish them, to fund them, to support and promote them.
         | Every step on the ladder to greatness required accumulating
         | some form of political power - get a well funded lab supporting
         | their research, an investment, a scholarship, a small team of
         | friends to work on their idea.
         | 
         | At every step they competed with other politicians aiming for
         | the same resources, because nobody can make it alone, and
         | everyone would like an army supporting their own dreams. And
         | throughout this process, successful climbers distributed booty
         | to their supporters to keep them on their side.
         | 
         | Politics is not just for rulers, it's for anyone who wants to
         | matter in any sense in society.
        
           | mrtksn wrote:
           | I don't know why you wrote this wall of text as an opposing
           | argument, I don't recall claiming that politics don't exists
           | somewhere. Sure politics exists, let's just say individuals
           | exists too.
           | 
           | What I say is that the problems caused by politics emerge
           | when politicians forget that other people are individuals.
           | That doesn't mean that there are no politics in science, in
           | music, in work or even in intimate relationships.
           | 
           | Are you suggesting that the only way to be a politician is to
           | be sociopath? It is a cliche that I find too simplistic,
           | honestly.
        
             | manholio wrote:
             | > That doesn't mean that there are no politics in science,
             | in music, in work or even in intimate relationships.
             | 
             | I'm saying a bit more: that there's exactly the same kind
             | of kind of politics that Mesquita and Smith talk about, and
             | that, contrary to your dismissal, their insights are far
             | from irrelevant to people who "uncover the secrets of the
             | universe" or "have talent for music".
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | I don't think I dismissed the value of anything.
        
         | jjoonathan wrote:
         | Yeah, it turbo sucks, but what matters is what we can actually
         | do about it.
         | 
         | Power hungry people are always going to seek power, and they're
         | always going to be better at it than people who aren't likewise
         | driven. Democracy helps, but it still plainly falls under
         | "Rules for Rulers" with extra keys. I wonder if the
         | gamesmanship can't be addressed directly: elect a large body of
         | "acceptable" candidates and randomly choose the ones that
         | actually get power. This way, randomness dilutes the climbing
         | incentive.
         | 
         | Of course, one needs power to implement any kind of change...
         | :>
        
           | gameswithgo wrote:
           | We can do plenty about it, kill the evil people, quit being a
           | fucking pawn.
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | In addition to what dang said: Can you kill a bunch of them
             | without _you_ becoming evil? Are you sure?
        
             | dang wrote:
             | Posting like this will get you banned here, regardless of
             | how wrong someone else is or you feel they are. Perhaps you
             | don't owe evil people better, but you owe this community
             | better if you're participating in it.
             | 
             | If you'd please review
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html and stick
             | to the rules when posting here, we'd appreciate it.
        
           | willcipriano wrote:
           | > Power hungry people are always going to seek power, and
           | they're always going to be better at it than people who
           | aren't likewise driven.
           | 
           | From this Republicanism draws it's power. The powerful want
           | to rule over other people, so devide the nation into many
           | small states, give each a leader and let the people choose
           | where they want to live. This forces leaders to compete with
           | each other for head count. These socal climbers are naturally
           | competitive with one another so they will go to great lengths
           | to gain more population.
           | 
           | You have the benefits of a large country for things like
           | national defence and natural disasters, but without the
           | strong federal government that ends up homogenizing the
           | states.
           | 
           | [0]https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republicanism
        
             | TheSpiceIsLife wrote:
             | <snip>
        
               | ok_dad wrote:
               | The poster you replied to was not talking about
               | Republicans, "the party", but of Republicanism, "the
               | political structure". See:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republicanism
        
               | TheSpiceIsLife wrote:
               | Haha, shit. Thanks <face palm>.
        
             | hn_go_brrrrr wrote:
             | Intellectually, I enjoy the idea of the states competing as
             | a free market, but the system has enough friction to
             | prevent that being generally true in practice. For
             | instance, it's very difficult to uproot your life and move
             | to a different state.
             | 
             | * Many people want to live near their family, and moving
             | means either leaving them or convincing multiple other
             | people to leave as well.
             | 
             | * Most people won't be able to work remotely so they'll
             | need a new job.
             | 
             | * Moving means you won't see your friends in person so you
             | need a new social circle.
             | 
             | * Maybe you need to sell your house and buy a new one.
             | 
             | The state has to to something pretty egregious to convince
             | someone to move. It's not like switching brands of
             | toothpaste.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | yeah it's not a free market, but it is an
               | "(semi-)independent laboratory" system where one state
               | can try an idea and others may copy it if it works well.
        
               | jjoonathan wrote:
               | > Intellectually, I enjoy the idea of the states
               | competing as a free market
               | 
               | I believe one of the core value propositions of the state
               | is addressing perverse incentives that emerge _from_
               | competition. Untaxed externalities, for example. Due to
               | race-to-the-bottom dynamics,  "let's compete on the
               | matter" is equivalent to "let's ignore the perverse
               | incentives." Not great.
        
               | rprospero wrote:
               | As someone who did all of those things (except I didn't
               | have a house to sell), I feel you've left out one of the
               | biggest barriers: Immigration laws.
               | 
               | Imagine if, to switch from AT&T to Verizon, you had to
               | shell out ten grand to Verizon and wait six years, with
               | Verizon being able to add extra hoops and fees at any
               | point in the process? If you fail at any point, Verizon
               | will sign you back up for a contract under AT&T's worst
               | terms. On top off all of this, you still have to pay
               | Verizon's worst rates until the six year period is up.
               | 
               | AT&T could probably send someone to your house every
               | month to punch you in the face and you still wouldn't
               | switch. After all, for the first six years after you
               | switch, Verizon will do the same.
        
               | liminvorous wrote:
               | We're talking about a theoretical federal republic where
               | states aren't allowed to restrict immigration, but the
               | federal government isn't strong enough to homogenise the
               | laws here.
        
               | MagnumOpus wrote:
               | The EU is such an entity.
        
               | re6fae5Wied5tha wrote:
        
               | gwright wrote:
               | > For instance, it's very difficult to uproot your life
               | and move to a different state.
               | 
               | Even harder to uproot your life and move away from a
               | powerful national government.
        
             | rjbwork wrote:
             | This likewise ignores the individual. "Oh you don't like
             | the politics where you live? You want human rights? Leave
             | your family and friends and everything you've ever known
             | and move a thousand miles away."
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | The alternative is: "Oh you don't like the politics where
               | you live? You want human rights? 51% of your "peers"
               | decided you don't get that. Here's my boot on your neck,
               | stop resisting!"
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | I dunno, maybe there is another alternative?
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | I've read a lot of history and I haven't seen one. I can
               | go as far back as Aristotle to see my same observation
               | being made: "Republics decline into democracies and
               | democracies degenerate into despotisms."
               | 
               | The founding fathers designed the US as a republic to
               | avoid the issues we see today.
               | 
               | > There is a story, often told, that upon exiting the
               | Constitutional Convention Benjamin Franklin was
               | approached by a group of citizens asking what sort of
               | government the delegates had created. His answer was: "A
               | republic, if you can keep it."[0]
               | 
               | [0]https://constitutioncenter.org/learn/educational-
               | resources/h...
        
               | MarkPNeyer wrote:
               | Faster transportation technology can lower the cost of
               | moving. If you can travel 600mph reliably and cheaply,
               | you can move 200 miles from your job and still enjoy a 20
               | minute commute. Families could relocate to a shared
               | community without people changing jobs.
        
               | liminvorous wrote:
               | I suspect you might be aware of this, but Ada Palmer's
               | _Terra Ignota_ serries takes this idea as a very
               | significant part of its world building, and I highly
               | recommend it if you 're willing to sit though 4 doorstops
               | of books for things to pay off. Reading just the first
               | book for the worldbuilding is probably worthwhile on its
               | own even if you're not going to commit to the serries.
        
               | fho wrote:
               | Yep ... especially fast, cheap public transport ... I had
               | the "pleasure" to commute about 86 km for five years. In
               | Germany that took me about 1,5 hours with most of the way
               | a regional train that took about 40 minutes between two
               | cities.
               | 
               | I would not do that again, but it was feasible.
        
             | jjoonathan wrote:
             | Competition doesn't address the problem of "the people who
             | are ultimately given power will be the ones who craved it
             | and were willing to do anything to obtain it." It
             | exacerbates the problem, if anything.
        
               | gwright wrote:
               | I think the point is that the power is also decentralized
               | making it harder (not impossible) for those type of
               | people to gain control over others.
        
               | jjoonathan wrote:
               | Republicanism still selects for scoundrels.
               | 
               | Yes, it pits them against each other and thereby reduces
               | their power -- in theory -- but it still selects for
               | them. It doesn't even claim to be good at keeping them
               | away. It only claims to reduce their power.
               | 
               | I don't think it's particularly good at reducing their
               | power either, but these are two orthogonal issues.
        
           | moltke wrote:
           | This is why intact culture, and a moral imperative, are far
           | more important than ideology. It's why "spreading democracy"
           | by destroying culture and people results in worse outcomes.
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | what does "intact culture" mean?
        
               | Mezzie wrote:
               | I'd consider an intact culture to be one that's capable
               | of transmitting its knowledge and traditions to the next
               | generation, and one that permits some kind of social
               | learning [1]: It should be possible for a child or novice
               | in the culture to be able to figure out how they are
               | expected to behave, consistent parameters should exist
               | for interactions, etc.
               | 
               | A broken culture in this case would be one which:
               | 
               | - Lacks a next generation/dies out (e.g. the Shakers
               | because of their disdain for sex)
               | 
               | - There is a lack of agreement on foundational rules
               | which make the culture impossible to enter, change, or
               | expand (because the culture is crisis). Think managers
               | giving you completely opposite instructions. One example
               | would be say, attending the religious services of a
               | friend/colleague. If the rules are clear and consistent
               | and conveyed, it's possible to act in a respectful way.
               | "This is how a Catholic wedding works." If you just have
               | to _guess_ what 's offensive or what the taboos are, or
               | you get contradicting answers, that's a broken culture.
               | Even insular cultures need to teach children/new members,
               | if they can't, they die.
               | 
               | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_learning_theory
        
           | mrtksn wrote:
           | I'm not that pessimistic. If you notice, when structured
           | properly, the previously blood shedding monarchs cease to
           | exist as the time goes.The USA and Europe were once
           | battlegrounds just like most countries that once had smaller
           | warlords that kept machiavelling all the times.
           | 
           | The the USA has many horrible sins but Pax Americana is a
           | huge win in my opinion. I guess, local sociopaths are
           | fighting their wars much more civilly when they don't dare to
           | challenge higher powers, thus leaving people like artists,
           | scientists, musicians, writers, kids, fathers, mothers etc.
           | alone.
           | 
           | I'm usually very worried when someone challenges the position
           | of the US instead of the methods and wrongdoings of the US.
           | It usually means a local warlord will rally huge amount of
           | human resources(which are actually individuals, but not this
           | time) in a bid for power.
        
           | Folcon wrote:
           | What about smaller effects? I'm not saying don't work on
           | large scale solutions, but figuring out / iterating on
           | smaller scale problems could give useful information around
           | where problems crop up and how to go about tackling them.
           | 
           | Also trying to figure out what mechanisms are hard to
           | individually subvert?
           | 
           | I do sometimes think that people who spend time building
           | competitive multiplayer games would have some useful input to
           | these questions.
        
           | Swenrekcah wrote:
           | I once thought about what would be the best way to fill the
           | seats in a legislative body.
           | 
           | My conclusion was that each person should get to choose up to
           | two people from a randomly shuffled list of candidates. The
           | list would be 2*N long where N=(num candidates/ num seats).
           | 
           | That way everyone can carefully vet their choice if they so
           | desire without being overwhelmed. Pandering to your base also
           | becomes much less effective, unless perhaps the base is very
           | large.
        
         | baybal2 wrote:
         | > Yet another piece that chooses the KPI by ignoring the
         | existence of the individual. It's essentially human resources
         | management theory where units of human are fungible.
         | 
         | Check the about page.
         | 
         | > Farnam Street
         | 
         | > Founded and led by Shane Parrish, Farnam Street is run by a
         | small but exceptional team.
         | 
         | I am on the same page with you.
         | 
         | Western elites associate themselves with Randist idea of
         | natural right, or natural virtue, and very questionable take on
         | the rationalistm.
         | 
         | When you let these people "rationalise," and "develop
         | flexibility" long enough, they can be forced into rationalising
         | just anything, including fascism. The new new creed of Harward
         | degree totalitarianism apologists in the spotlight today is a
         | great example of this.
         | 
         | The West got stuck in this very questionable mental framework,
         | and is running in circles. The decision makers talk themselves
         | unto death for very petty, hollow arguments, so strong is this
         | "elite conditioning."
         | 
         | In reality, there is little for them to really choose. It's
         | either right, common sense, and sound, or it is this "trying to
         | rationalise." It's morally hollow people trying to find out
         | smart ways to not being pointed on as such basically.
        
         | lazide wrote:
         | Well, it's irrelevant for 'normal' folks until the inevitable
         | wars crush them under the tank treads of the ones doing the
         | power manipulation (and/or they get laid off, or can't pay the
         | bills with their ever inflating currency, or crushed under
         | unrealistic workloads and burn out...).
         | 
         | In a society, it's never actually irrelevant for anyone. 'No
         | man is an island' and all. Even someone who checked out so
         | completely they moved into a cabin into the woods can get hit
         | by errant bombs or shot by invading soldiers.
         | 
         | What I've learned over the years is that most people prefer to
         | focus on the fun thing right in front of them rather than the
         | larger mechanics of the environment they are in. That
         | fundamentally makes them easier to manipulate for those trying
         | to get control of the larger mechanics for their own benefit.
         | 
         | Sometimes, you get folks doing that where most everyone's
         | benefits and their benefit aligns.
         | 
         | Often, especially if people aren't paying attention or there is
         | a broken system that incentivizes it (which is typical) you get
         | people whose idea of 'benefit' is pathological for others.
         | 
         | Figuring out how this all works, AND being able to influence
         | the overall mechanics and systems so evil folks don't get into
         | power is very difficult and often thankless. Most people can't
         | handle it, so most people check out.
         | 
         | Bad actors like to encourage this, as it makes their life
         | easier.
        
           | mrtksn wrote:
           | I don't think that I suggested not to focus on larger things.
           | 
           | My argument is actually about focusing on the larger and
           | important things instead of being a device in the fight of
           | the political class.
           | 
           | Oh and understanding how society works is definitely of great
           | value, what I find great waste of human life and resources is
           | to participate in the fight of sociopaths who try to
           | interfere with the workings of the society to skew it in
           | their favour.
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | How do you propose to keep an eye on and participate in
             | steering the larger things without 'participating in the
             | fight of sociopaths'?
             | 
             | Even if somehow you have no sociopaths on 'your side'
             | (whichever it is), fighting a sociopath by definition
             | requires participation?
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | Steering large things doesn't need to be about fight of
               | sociopaths. Having a governmental system with checks and
               | balances also helps with keeping the sociopaths
               | inefficient, by the time they assume any significant
               | power they run out of energy, people catch up with the
               | situation.
               | 
               | Nothing of these are original problems, some societies
               | managed to build quite robust machines where sociopaths
               | can't really cause huge damage.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | I've never seen or heard of any society that has pulled
               | it off for long. Where you see it even in the short term,
               | that is more likely due to extreme effort put forward on
               | a day to day basis by people both in the machine and
               | outside it.
               | 
               | If you care to put forward some examples, I'm happy to
               | try to provide more concrete information on what I mean.
               | 
               | It's easy to write off leaders as sociopaths - but very
               | few seem to check the boxes, if you pull yourself out of
               | the politics.
               | 
               | More often often you see someone acting with a set of
               | incentives and a problem that you don't understand,
               | making a decision you don't agree with. Which sucks. Add
               | on top that the extreme pressure, visibility, power, and
               | wealth can cause some unique looking (but all too common)
               | pathologies at those levels, and it gets even easier to
               | us vs them them.
               | 
               | Someone can't make hard decisions if their heart bleeds
               | (for real) for every bad situation. No group will survive
               | long with no one able to make hard decisions leading it.
               | 
               | No matter what anyone does, if the group size is large
               | enough bad situations will happen no matter how good a
               | system is, or how perfect anyone attempts to make it. For
               | anyone to be able to be effective at that level, they
               | have to be able to make decisions somewhat free of
               | emotional affect, and to be good, they need to do that
               | without completely losing it. Which is incredibly
               | difficult.
               | 
               | It's easier to just go 'meh', make the decision that's
               | better for them right now and move on.
               | 
               | And being an experienced leader - emotional
               | contagion/forcing empathy as a manipulation tool is super
               | common, and commonly used to try to 'should' someone into
               | making a decision that is terrible for everyone.
               | 
               | We all do it (hopefully positively) - give a smile
               | (regardless of how we're actually feeling) to the boss,
               | or try to relay how terrible it feels to them when a
               | family emergency happens, etc. hoping they'll empathize
               | and treat us nicer.
               | 
               | And good bosses do, but also know how to draw the line if
               | someone is abusing it.
               | 
               | A sociopath (by definition) acts anti-socially, and they
               | won't be at the head of any social group for long, if
               | ever.
        
         | fbalr wrote:
         | I think the last paragraph is a bit off. I have heard from
         | multiple Ukrainian sources that there is corruption and
         | oligarchy in the Ukraine. See also:
         | 
         | https://www.theguardian.com/news/2021/oct/03/revealed-anti-o...
         | 
         | Then there was U.S. involvement in the coup in 2014 (Nuland and
         | associated neoconservatives who think he world is a
         | chessboard). Then there was talk about joining NATO and
         | Zelensky hinting at getting nuclear weapons in the February
         | Munich conference just before the invasion (nice escalation
         | strategy).
         | 
         | People like Mearsheimer are realists: They know that _both
         | Putin and neoconservatives are playing Game of Thrones_ and
         | advise the best strategy for the countries that are the pawns
         | in that game.
        
           | fallingknife wrote:
           | If you think Putin and the neocons are the only ones playing
           | chess, I have a bridge in NY to sell you.
        
           | mrtksn wrote:
           | >have heard from multiple Ukrainian sources that there is
           | corruption and oligarchy in the Ukraine
           | 
           | I never claimed that Ukraine was not corrupt and Russia
           | corrupted it. In fact, Ukraine is one of the most corrupt
           | countries out there. Very long way down the road in joining
           | the EU(maybe it can be accelerated due to the war).
           | 
           | What I'm talking about is the desire of people not to be part
           | of the Russian way of governance and adopt the western
           | practices.
           | 
           | Anyway, let's not turn the discussion into another Russia VS
           | Ukraine thread.
        
       | EGreg wrote:
       | This book is spot on, except it should also mention the role
       | centralized mass media and government education plays in
       | brainwashing the public into echo chambers that support the
       | leaders' agenda and military apparatus -- in times of conflict,
       | the war effort. People believe "us" is their country's people
       | while "them" is the people who "voted" for the other side of the
       | conflict they're in. When in reality "us" is the civilians and
       | "them" are the policians and military industrial apparatus, and
       | top down mass media and education systems that try to pit us
       | against each other.
       | 
       | Case in point: the war in Ukraine. At the moment there are
       | perhaps _hundreds of thousands_ of people fighting, either in
       | armed forces or deputized civilians. But do they represent the
       | _millions_ of people who will be affected by starvation and bombs
       | by their decisions to keep fighting? Weapons have been pouring in
       | from all sides since 2015, and was localized into a proxy war in
       | Donbass, but now the coflict has spread into all cities around
       | Ukraine.
       | 
       | Civilians are told every day by their local mass media about
       | atrocities committed by the other side, and little is said about
       | why, say, a school was bombed or some other war crime was
       | committed. People can't personally witness everything, they get
       | all their news digested and fed to them by their news networks.
       | 
       | As a result, many people want to fight to the last. They've been
       | told that the enemy is close to laying down their arms and
       | surrendering. This is especially true for able-bodied men whose
       | country has been invaded.
       | 
       | The trouble is, that reality is far more complex and no one is
       | about to stop fighting. Meanwhile, cities like Kherson are about
       | to be without food due to supply chain disruption. Mundane, non-
       | dramatic breakdowns like that is how millions of people enter a
       | humanitarian crisis.
       | 
       | I have seen it before -- Afghanistan, Yemen, Syria ... neither
       | the host country's government nor the rebels are "defeated",
       | because weapons are funneled into the country endlessly by
       | proxies, funded by countries where citizens sit in comfortable
       | armchairs and post their thoughts on the Internet, while their
       | politicians say things like "better the Russians fight them over
       | there, than over here" (Schiff).
       | 
       | The object of my frustration is how the governments are
       | conducting "peace talks". While the blame for invasion lies
       | squarely with Putin, the "leadership" in Kiev seems to be one of
       | the most incompetent at negotiations I have ever seen. It is
       | their job to negotiate peace, but first they venue shopped for a
       | few days, then they came with zero demands "just to listen", then
       | the next time they came for a mere 2.5 hours and disbanded, only
       | negotiating "humanitarian corridors". Is it incompetence or
       | malice? They are likely waiting for more weapons to arrive so
       | homegrown fighters can defend the country some more. These
       | fighters (and their national pride) have been radicalized by how
       | the war in Donbas was reported over the years and are ready to
       | fight, some might even asassinate their government if they made
       | any peace deal. The problem is that they are vastly outnumbered
       | by a "silent majority" of peaceful civilians who will have to
       | starve and live in a war torn region because of all this.
       | 
       | Even Hamas and Israel regularly make peace. And they have a ton
       | less in common than Russians and Ukrainians.
       | 
       | This war could have gone almost exactly like the Russo-Georgian
       | war except in that one, a truce was negotiated by France and the
       | Russians withdrew their armies a couple months into the conflict.
       | Now Georgia continues to be an independent country.
       | 
       | Sometimes it gets dangerous for the whole world when nukes are
       | involved. The nationalists want a no-fly zone. Zelensky appeals
       | for it all the time. Russian television hosts like Kiselyiv
       | almost embrace nuclear war and elimination of the humanrace to
       | defend Russia and its territory. This is collective insanity.
       | These people are prepared to start World War 3 before their
       | nation is "humiliated" in any way, even if the way is largely
       | symbolic.
       | 
       | When Khrustchev was able to "gift" Crimea from Russia to Ukraine
       | with the stroke of a pen, everyone understood it mostly a
       | formality. That's because the two republics could simply come to
       | an agreement about vacationing, employment, dual passports or
       | whatever else. Visiting your relatives wasn't even an issue.
       | Planes flew direct flights between everywhere, and people had
       | tons of ties. Those are the ties that bind. A decade of no direct
       | flights and severed ties has taken its toll and even Zelensky
       | complains about losing friends and business partners in Russia.
       | This is a gradual process and the inexperienced politicians who
       | can't bridge the gap wind up sliding us civilians more and more
       | into war. But the role of mass media and education is crucial for
       | enabling these echo chambers and support for conflict between
       | people who were not too long ago quite close.
        
         | notahacker wrote:
         | I think this might be the most egregious example of victim
         | blaming I've seen yet. Dictator marches in tanks and starts
         | shelling cities a week after announcing his troops weren't
         | going to war and days after announcing neighbour isn't a real
         | country whilst bellowing an incoherent set of demands and it's
         | the _Ukranians '_ faith in negotiations which must be
         | questioned (even though Russians immediately reneged on the one
         | thing they did manage to agree on). If the people living under
         | literal bombardment disagree about the imperative of giving in
         | to Russia no matter what their terms are (which worked so well
         | last time...) its because they're "brainwashed", and not
         | because the _best_ case scenario of acceding to a demand to
         | "demilitarise" is he leaves them enough time to pack their bags
         | before his army comes back for a third helping.
         | 
         | One of the main reasons why bad behaviour is almost always good
         | politics is the queue of people willing to argue that if they
         | behave badly, one should simply give them what they demand.
        
           | EGreg wrote:
           | Let me equally forcefully condemn the Russians' faith in
           | negotiations. The problem is how opaque all of these
           | negotiations are. Those of us who follow the proceedings have
           | to read tea leaves and grasp at straws listening to houe-long
           | Lukashenko videos to find where he says something about the
           | talks.
           | 
           | Luckily, we just have the negotiators like Arakhamia and
           | Podolyak come out and discuss what happened. Looks like the
           | Russians were not empowered to decide anything without
           | consultation with Moscow, and the conversations were stilted.
           | Of course, I personally condemn Putin for refusing to meet
           | with Zelensky. For invading when Macron was about to organize
           | the next Normandy format meeting in March. But also, no one
           | on the Ukrainian side taking this seriously to begin with.
           | Because millions of lives are at stake, that is either
           | incompetence or malice.
           | 
           | Arakhamia is a DJ who wears a baseball cap to show how much
           | disdain he has for Russia and how much faith he has in the
           | proceedings. One of the people sent by Zelensky to the talks
           | was assassinated by Ukrainian special forces. They say he had
           | been under investigation for a while for being a Russian spy.
           | Well, in that case what kind of incompetence is it to put him
           | on such a team? This _should be_ the most important team in
           | the country! If they get a peace agreement they can be the
           | heroes of Ukraine!
           | 
           | The political system is broken in many ways, and the fact
           | that closed door negotiations and lack of transparency by
           | elected officials is tolerated, is a huge problem.
           | 
           | I am mad at the political class in general, for refusing to
           | truly listen to each other. It would have been better if
           | Donetsk and Lugansk had surrendered like Kharkiv did, and try
           | to resolve their grievances through peaceful diplomatic
           | channels. None of this would be happening. I apply the same
           | consistent reasoning everywhere.
        
       | titzer wrote:
       | > Our starting point is the realization that any leader worth her
       | salt wants as much power as she can get, and to keep it for as
       | long as possible. Managing the interchangeables, influentials,
       | and essentials to that end is the act, art, and science of
       | governing.
       | 
       | What a cynical starting point. It's just basic Machiavelli, but
       | gussied up with modern-sounding language and fairly basic
       | Realpolitik thinking thrown in.
       | 
       | It's incredibly narrow-minded too. There were _actual_
       | philosopher kings and political thinkers and democracies outside
       | our current zeitgeist. Nevermind that some systems actually have
       | term limits, constitutional limitations on power, and lo and
       | behold, some people actually leave office when voted out or their
       | term ends.
       | 
       | Maybe the book is better, but I have trouble reading this with
       | such a fumbling start.
        
         | kbelder wrote:
         | Washington himself was such a man, who gave up power to
         | inculcate the tradition of peaceful transition in the United
         | States.
         | 
         | "Give the last word to Washington's great adversary, King
         | George III. The king asked his American painter, Benjamin West,
         | what Washington would do after winning independence. West
         | replied, 'They say he will return to his farm.'
         | 
         | 'If he does that,' the incredulous monarch said, he will be the
         | greatest man in the world.'"
        
       | jollybean wrote:
       | 1) This does not explain 'bad behaviour' it explains 'selfish
       | behaviour'.
       | 
       | 2) People are moral and have a sense of fairness. This is
       | actually far more common than not. While it's hard to get people
       | to talk with their pocket book - guess what - they _do_ want to
       | spend money on social things, so long as they don 't feel it and
       | of course, people hate corruption. So transparency there is
       | helpful.
       | 
       | I was expecting a thing about how the most ragged, boorish
       | politicians make a name for themselves. We all know the names of
       | the 'loudmouths' in Congress, but most of us do not know the
       | reasonable Senators who actually do a lot of work. I think that
       | deserves a story.
        
         | jessaustin wrote:
         | Would you be thinking of any particular senator(s) "who
         | actually do a lot of work"? I would appreciate a reason to have
         | some hope...
        
           | pfisherman wrote:
           | Ron Wyden
        
           | pmyteh wrote:
           | I briefly interned for Sherrod Brown (D-OH) when he was a
           | congressman. His political positions were not always mine,
           | but I found him honest and competent. I think he's done good
           | work, at least within the constraints of what's possible in a
           | deadlocked legislative system.
        
           | jollybean wrote:
           | It's not the quantity, it's the quality, and I would suggest
           | that over 1/2 of Senators are actually mostly reasonable, and
           | 85% would be reasonable if they didn't get pulled into the
           | abyss by populism.
        
         | waterheater wrote:
         | The work of reasonable Senators certainly does deserve
         | recognition. That said, the article is talking about political
         | leadership and holding that power. Those in the background are
         | important but are not the leadership.
        
           | jollybean wrote:
           | No, the article assumes that most people don't have power,
           | and they offer no evidence for it.
           | 
           | I believe that we live in a 'bureaucratic autocracy' i.e.
           | where the things we argue about on the News and in Congress
           | are only a tiny, tiny slice of governance, but that there is
           | generally enough transparency in the system to cause change,
           | driven by voting, public sentiment.
           | 
           | In particular - think about how so many people in power are
           | 'really sensitive' on a lot of issues.
           | 
           | Literally, if almost anyone in the USA uttered the 'n word'
           | in public - they would be 'out'.
           | 
           | Just consider that: a single word - and 'gone'.
           | 
           | That's due to sensitivities.
           | 
           | Overt corruption usually amounts to the same thing.
        
       | api wrote:
       | > He was addressing a debate over how leaders should act--whether
       | they should follow their citizens' wishes or act in the interests
       | of future generations, against current pressures.
       | 
       | There's a third option and a fourth option that are both more
       | frequent under autocracy: leaders acting against current
       | pressures in accordance with ideologies that in reality have
       | terrible outcomes in both the present in the future (e.g.
       | authoritarian communism and fascism), and just being kleptocrats.
       | 
       | The dichotomy isn't between wise autocratic leadership and
       | democracy. The dichotomy is between democracy and horrible
       | autocratic leadership most of the time with only very occasional
       | periods of wise leadership.
        
         | slibhb wrote:
         | In democracies, leaders act according to some ideology too. One
         | of the advantages of democracy is that it's not always the same
         | ideology, i.e. sometimes you get FDR and sometimes you get
         | Margaret Thatcher, and this is good.
        
         | frostwarrior wrote:
         | "Terrible" is relative, according to the article's logic.
         | 
         | A leadership can be terrible for the populace, but beneficial
         | to him and his cronies. To the dictator, that may count as
         | "good for the future".
        
           | gameswithgo wrote:
           | They make think so, but often it seems not really so. Many of
           | these people end up "rich and powerful" but also hiding in a
           | bunker their whole lives, or not able to trust anyone. They
           | could have a better life by being "good" leaders.
        
             | Ensorceled wrote:
             | This brings to mind the recent pictures of Putin meetings
             | where he's across the room or at the end of a loooong
             | table...
        
         | jollybean wrote:
         | Western governments are bureaucratic autocracies.
         | 
         | (Edit: I'm not even being cynical here, it's just a bit of
         | reality, the word 'autocracy' makes it sound harsh but it is
         | what it is - most important things happened behind closed doors
         | and not even by politicians)
         | 
         | Public sentiment and elections have little influence over most
         | things unless there is 'outrage' or some kind of 'focus' on an
         | issue.
         | 
         | A 'few key issues' drive public narrative and votes, but the
         | gears are run by the bureaucracy.
         | 
         | What we get in democracy is mostly just the ability to pull the
         | plug on groups, and the ability to outrage over some new bit of
         | information about the system. Much less so setting the overall
         | direction. Or rather, we 'kind of influence that' by having a
         | 'rough idea over who is in charge, politically'.
         | 
         | The cronyism problem is mostly solved with transparency and
         | making sure the general public understands.
         | 
         | There are a handful of very 'standard ways' that corruption
         | happens - frankly we should be teaching this in school.
         | 
         | A certain 'recent former president' bought a home in Florida
         | for $20M, then sold it 2 years later for $90M to a Russian
         | oligarch. (Before this person was president).
         | 
         | That is 'perfectly legal' - however, regular people should
         | understand that transactions that happen above or below market
         | value signal something. It's like a 'gift'.
         | 
         | A better way to look at that, is a 'Russian oligarch' gave
         | someone who is now a 'former President' a 'gift' of $50M
         | dollars.
         | 
         | It's irrational for people to just hand over huge sums to other
         | people for no reason.
         | 
         | Ergo - there's probably a quid-pro-quo, which can come in many
         | forms.
         | 
         | It can be to influence policy directly, softly, in a specific
         | direction, a general direction.
         | 
         | Insider Trading is another example. It's not obvious why or how
         | that works, but it's not complicated.
         | 
         | How the 'Art World' can be a big fraud/scam (in an illegal
         | way).
         | 
         | Teenagers can be taught this, and frankly I think it would be
         | an entertaining course that they would really pay attention to.
        
         | Jiro wrote:
         | Also, add that acting against current pressures in accordance
         | with terrible ideologies often invokes the interest of future
         | generations, or present generations in future years. Because
         | it's a lot easier to justify your ideology and cronyism with
         | reference to people we can't see yet because they're in the
         | future, rather than people we can.
         | 
         | Going against the public for the benefit of future peoplke is
         | something that in practice is worse than it sounds, because if
         | you ignore the feedback of the general public, it's much easier
         | to act in self-serving or blindly reckless ways, even if "the
         | public is wrong this time".
        
         | namlem wrote:
         | Cultural capital is just another type of capital. That's one
         | element that I think the book missed a little. Rewards can take
         | the form of financial capital or cultural capital.
        
       | brabel wrote:
       | That's the best argument I've ever found for my own theory that
       | says "leadership" is an outdated concept we humans inherit from
       | our ancient past where there were many levels of people
       | (slaves/servants, workers, warriors, leaders, kings) which should
       | no longer exist in an equalitarian society where all have access
       | to the same education (most of the Western world, with the
       | notable exception of the USA, and many other less developed
       | countries as well). We should make decisions based on consensus
       | and the scientific method, not on the whims of a dictator.
        
         | ciphol wrote:
         | Pretty much all large organizations still have hierarchies,
         | even in competitive marketplaces where the most effective model
         | can be expected to win out.
         | 
         | I don't know all the reasons for this, but I imagine one reason
         | is that someone needs to get credit for successes and blame for
         | failures. When decisions are made by consensus, there is no
         | clear way to assign credit or blame, so the incentives to
         | create success are weaker.
        
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