[HN Gopher] Dr. Whitehurst and the FBI Lab Scandal (2017)
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       Dr. Whitehurst and the FBI Lab Scandal (2017)
        
       Author : luu
       Score  : 165 points
       Date   : 2022-03-06 06:33 UTC (16 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (whistleblowersblog.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (whistleblowersblog.org)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | readthenotes1 wrote:
       | The FBI, the guardian the we need to be guarded from.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | syshum wrote:
         | The main problem here is the view that the FBI is a guardian.
         | What in the history of the FBI supports the position that
         | agency is a guardian
        
           | mandmandam wrote:
           | If you're a wealthy white dude who makes money from the
           | status quo, then, everything in their entire history.
        
         | Terry_Roll wrote:
         | Can you trust a legal system which allows entrapment? I'm not
         | saying any legal system is perfect, for example, can a
         | defendant get a fair trial if the prison service make sure the
         | prisoner is not fit to take the stand through poor diet and
         | lack of sleep or simply being in a highly stressful
         | environment?
         | 
         | Likewise, when reporting stuff to the police, its advisable to
         | have a lawyer with you as the Police may decide to go for the
         | easy route and prosecute whoever is reporting stuff as its low
         | hanging fruit.
         | 
         | Likewise, the legal system ignores the health of the defendant
         | which could explain their actions, and it often doesnt take
         | into account their past. I know here in the UK, when talking to
         | people, we are still seeing the knock on effects of WW2, Brexit
         | is the most obvious example as there is a lot of prejudice
         | towards the Germans & Austrians and a general low level
         | xenophobia even towards people not from these areas, as
         | highlighted by the BBC trolling the public with their comedy
         | sketch show The League of Gentlemen
         | https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/p006vm6j or Little Britain
         | https://www.bbc.co.uk/programmes/b006q2zd
         | 
         | Is there much difference between a religious follower, like a
         | muslim on jihad or a law enforcement professional? They both
         | follow the written word, so then whose written is write? One
         | has stood the test of time for thousands of years but ignores
         | the changes in society today and the other is often changed to
         | reflect changes in modern society but not stood the test of
         | time as prison populations amply demonstrates.
         | 
         | In other words who is most righteous?
        
           | kingcharles wrote:
           | It's interesting that you bring these points up. Before I
           | spent time locked up I didn't realize how little sleep
           | prisoners get. That definitely affects their ability to
           | understand the proceedings. I did eight years with an average
           | of about four hours sleep a night during that time.
           | 
           | If you are locked in a facility awaiting trial, it is very
           | unlikely you will ever see any of the evidence against. For
           | instance, until very recently in Illinois it was illegal for
           | your attorney to share any of the evidence with you if you
           | were in jail. How can you make an informed decision about
           | whether to risk trial or take a plea deal if you can't know
           | what the case is? This is why so many innocent people faced
           | with a death penalty following trial will accept a life
           | sentence plea deal.
        
       | jokoon wrote:
       | > For some, however, it was too late. Defendants in at least 35
       | of these cases received the death penalty and errors were
       | identified in 33 (94 percent) of those cases. Nine of these
       | defendants have already been executed and five died of other
       | causes while on death row.
       | 
       | Yay. Death penalty is a nice word for murder.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | p_j_w wrote:
         | I genuinely don't understand how someone can read an article
         | like this one, support the death penalty, and still sleep well
         | at night. We've executed so many innocent people it's
         | impossible to not consider the practice monstrous.
        
           | jokoon wrote:
           | It's the whole retribution thing.
        
           | axiolite wrote:
           | > how someone can read an article like this one, support the
           | death penalty
           | 
           | I don't understand how someone can consider the death penalty
           | monstrous, but forgetting someone for decades in a brutal,
           | hopeless prison environment is perfectly fine.
           | 
           | The death penalty is an interesting motivator. Death row
           | inmates get much more publicity, support, and investigative
           | resources than those with life sentences.
        
           | kingcharles wrote:
           | I'm totally against the death penalty, and even more so
           | having spent a significant portion of my life in the criminal
           | justice system. But, statistics relating to how many innocent
           | people have been executed is simply not available, unless we
           | extrapolate probable statistics from general exonerations.
           | 
           | One thing that has been very helpful is the sheer amount of
           | time it often takes to solidify a conviction in the justice
           | system. It can take close to 20 years to finalize death
           | penalty appeals, often giving enough time for science, law
           | and public opinion to change sufficiently to free those who
           | are innocent.
           | 
           | (And please do not forget those who are guilty but who were
           | not given their due process - they might be monsters, but if
           | we allow them to be railroaded then we do a disservice to any
           | of us who might find ourselves swallowed into the machine in
           | the future).
        
       | throwawaymanbot wrote:
        
       | boomboomsubban wrote:
       | I remember the report absolutely demolishing the veracity of most
       | forensic practices coming out, but has the field changed at all
       | since then? Are hair samples and such still commonly used as
       | evidence?
       | 
       | My cynical side worries it's only gotten worse, as CSI made the
       | job "sexy" attracting a pool of people that would not be overly
       | concerned with the science part of forensics in the first place.
        
         | axiolite wrote:
         | As it happens this was the most recent topic on Skeptoid:
         | 
         | https://skeptoid.com/episodes/4821
        
         | bitcharmer wrote:
         | Sadly it's very bad still. Judges admitting blood splatter
         | "study" as hard evidence, bite marks regarded as science and
         | also employing people who have zero actual expertise or
         | scientific background required, as domain experts.
        
         | tus666 wrote:
         | > but has the field changed at all since then? Are hair samples
         | and such still commonly used as evidence?
         | 
         | They switched to partial-DNA "matches". Nothing has changed.
        
         | tomnipotent wrote:
         | > as CSI made the job "sexy" attracting a pool
         | 
         | Not all science is equal, and it's a doubled-edge sword. I
         | think the fault is more in human nature.
         | 
         | On one hand, we have science that lets us land probes on
         | asteroids and return home with samples, or deploy a terrestrial
         | vehicle on Mars capable of launching a smaller aerial probe...
         | powered by radiation from a burning sphere of gas.
         | 
         | On the other, we have forensic science. Same level of
         | confidence, very different results. Who's to blame? The jurors
         | ignorant of the science behind the evidence that influenced
         | their decisions? The judges and lawyers equally so? The labs
         | and employees perpetuating bad science, or the schools that
         | taught them? The police that collect and document it?
        
           | watwut wrote:
           | > The jurors ignorant of the science behind the evidence that
           | influenced their decisions?
           | 
           | Isnt the whole point of jurors being ordinary person from the
           | streets with no special knowledge making decisions purely
           | going by what was said in courtroom? If you tell them "this
           | guy is great expert" and then that guy dont get meaningfully
           | challenged, you dont get to blame jury who went by what they
           | have been said.
           | 
           | > The judges and lawyers equally so? The labs and employees
           | perpetuating bad science, or the schools that taught them?
           | The police that collect and document it?
           | 
           | Yeah, these. The judges, lawyers, prosecutors and the police
           | who are the actually the ones who decide which lab is going
           | to be used often and which not. Which person is going to be
           | treated in courtroom as expert in front of jury, regardless
           | of actual knowledge and which is not even going to be asked
           | to be there.
           | 
           | It is not that deep.
        
             | pmichaud wrote:
             | I think this is an interesting issue. We have this idea of
             | "common people" being jurors, who are supposed to apply
             | common sense to the facts of a case, as a sort of balance
             | against corruption and weenie-headed legal technocrats, but
             | the whole system is implicitly predicated on those jurors
             | mostly being inside some culture window where they know
             | what's happening at all.
             | 
             | Like hypothetically if you plucked a guy from an isolated
             | tribe in the amazon (who spoke perfect english), then put
             | him on a jury, he would just be lost. "Well, so, we gave
             | them net90 terms in the original contract, but then in the
             | email dated..." -- the content is just beyond his ability
             | to reason about from where he's sitting.
             | 
             | Maybe our culture has a sufficiently large internal spread
             | either between itself or between the legal system, that the
             | average juror is more like the tribal guy on the jury than
             | not?
             | 
             | It's mostly not a problem because tricky contract disputes
             | aren't normally jury trials, it's mostly people doing
             | comprehensible things for human reasons, which is a good
             | match for jurors.
             | 
             | But then you introduce stuff like I Fucking Love Science
             | propaganda plus Hair DNA Matching: SCIENCE! And how are
             | people supposed to use their common sense to apply
             | judgement?
             | 
             | The original context of jurors was like "I don't know about
             | no fancy laws, but wrong is wrong," like folksy, probably-
             | religion-based moral intuitions that prevent legal nerds
             | from running amok. But where are we now, if the nerds can
             | just say the word SCIENCE and the jury has no choice but to
             | sign off?
             | 
             | I have no idea what the right answer is, but probably the
             | current setup isn't it.
        
               | bsder wrote:
               | Problem 1: Jury selection in the US explicitly selects
               | against jurors with enough brains to get out of it. I
               | consider jury duty a civic duty, but now I will now make
               | sure I properly qualify for an exception because ...
               | 
               | Problem 2: Jury selection in the US explicitly selects
               | against jurors who will exhibit independent thinking. If
               | you have a job which is based on engineering, you're
               | likely getting struck by the prosecution. I actually
               | watched the prosecution and defense play chicken over who
               | was going to strike me. I've wasted enough hours in my
               | life showing up for jury duty only to get struck over and
               | over and over.
               | 
               | Problem 3: Jury selection in the US explicitly selects
               | _for_ jurors who exhibit deference to authority which
               | means effectively  "Defendant in the seat is guilty."
               | This is a problem because if the prosecution had a slam
               | dunk of a case _there probably wouldn 't be a trial_. The
               | correct Bayesian prior for sitting on a jury is almost
               | always that the prosecution should be viewed with extreme
               | skepticism.
               | 
               | A lot of the problem in the jury system in the US could
               | be solved by disallowing prosecutorial strikes. The
               | prosecution has enough advantages--if you can't make the
               | case with an actually random jury, tough, you didn't have
               | a case and didn't do your job properly.
        
               | tomrod wrote:
               | Jury selection weeds against jury nullification,
               | implicitly choosing for those who feel illegal determines
               | immoral.
        
               | alistairSH wrote:
               | The judge is supposed to determine which evidence is
               | allowed. The jurors only need to understand the evidence
               | to the extent it proves guilt.
               | 
               | Given new science, the prosecution and defense make their
               | case and the judge allows/disallows the evidence. But,
               | the judge isn't a scientist, she's a lawyer (if we're
               | lucky - some parts of the US have elected judges with
               | little to no professional requirements). And the
               | prosecution might have more money and better experts.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | > the whole system is implicitly predicated on those
               | jurors mostly being inside some culture window where they
               | know what's happening at all.
               | 
               | I think they are explicitly assumed to be from community,
               | so that they understand social aspects of issue. I
               | remember layers talking about that.
               | 
               | I am no expert on this, but jury gets very specific
               | questions they are supposed to answer. There is a lot
               | more to it both in theory and practical then just folksy
               | wisdom against "the nerds".
               | 
               | > But then you introduce stuff like I Fucking Love
               | Science propaganda plus Hair DNA Matching: SCIENCE! And
               | how are people supposed to use their common sense to
               | apply judgement?
               | 
               | They are not. This part is supposed to be on layers to
               | not allow "propaganda" into the room in the first place.
               | If the system regularly pushes in bad science and does
               | not enable defense to conteract it, issue is not with
               | jurors at all.
        
             | tomnipotent wrote:
             | > The judges, lawyers, prosecutors and the police
             | 
             | I agree wholeheartedly, but the world seems to have a
             | problem holding government employees responsible for their
             | actions.
             | 
             | Ended up on Wikipedia reading about the history of jury
             | trials, and found this lovely snippet:                 One
             | issue that has been raised is the ability of a jury to
             | fully understand evidence. It has been said that the
             | expectation of jury members as to the explanatory power of
             | scientific evidence has been raised by TV police procedural
             | and legal dramas, in what is known as the 'CSI effect'.
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jury_trial
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Afaik, jury is answering series of specific questions in
               | a process controlled by layers. So you have tidbits like
               | jury not being able to take own notes, because rules says
               | so. That is real world example.
               | 
               | The quote you have there is complaint about jury
               | expecting too convincing evidence. And the real world
               | issue is them falling for real evidence.
               | 
               | The issue here is with "experts" saying non scientific
               | crap in courtrooms and juries being told this is science.
               | Experts who have little to no scientific training, little
               | to no checking done over methods they use and so on.
        
           | boomboomsubban wrote:
           | >Who's to blame?
           | 
           | The FBI who falsified the accuracy of so many forensic
           | sciences for a start. The prosecutorial side has a strong
           | interest towards exploiting "science" for their gain, we know
           | they are doing it and we need to counteract it.
        
             | tomnipotent wrote:
             | > The FBI who falsified the accuracy
             | 
             | The article didn't make it seem like there was actual
             | fraud, just bad science being followed blindly. I had to
             | find the original FBI announcement to understand it was
             | indeed intentional fraud by individual FBI examiners
             | misrepresenting bad science.
             | 
             | https://www.fbi.gov/news/pressrel/press-releases/fbi-
             | testimo...
        
               | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
               | I think you need to check your reading comprehension or
               | just re-read the article
               | 
               | > It was "alterations of reports, alterations of evidence
        
               | boomboomsubban wrote:
               | The article starts with
               | 
               | >When Dr. Frederic Whitehurst initially blew the whistle
               | on the systemic forensic fraud in the FBI crime lab...
               | 
               | And then proceeds to discuss the fraud in no ambiguous
               | terms.
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | I think they still _can_ use hair and fiber. I think it 's less
         | common due to it being less valuable to the prosecution
         | (rightfully so). If I remember correctly, the big problem was
         | that the experts were saying things like "This matches" or
         | "It's my professional opinion that this is the defendant's
         | hair", etc. Or just making blatant errors like identifying pet
         | hair as human. They can really only say if the hair rules a
         | person in or out of the potential suspect pool at a gross level
         | (more or less on the level of hair color) - more useful for the
         | defense if the comparison is inconsistent, and very little use
         | to the prosecution. At least this is what I remember from the
         | articles, but maybe my memory isn't accurate.
        
       | peter_retief wrote:
       | People really need the option of a second opinion. To ensure
       | veracity a second sample should be sent to an independent lab and
       | stored for a set period.
        
       | zionic wrote:
       | Just wait till the next shoe drops on DNA "evidence". All the
       | early tests used scary-low sample counts and the odds of a false
       | positive vs someone else in your geographic location were fairly
       | high.
        
       | cryptica wrote:
       | Punishing whistleblowers seems to be a pattern. This might
       | explains why nobody wants to speak up nowadays when they see
       | people doing illegal stuff... Nobody wants to spend 20 years of
       | their lives being mocked, intimidated, fired, etc... for doing
       | the right thing. Now fraudsters are everywhere running the show
       | and destroying society and the planet.
       | 
       | IMO, we should introduce death penalty for people involved in
       | such malicious cover ups... Especially if the evidence is strong.
       | They should be hung in a public square and then all of that
       | person's children and descendants should be jailed for life just
       | to be on the safe side.
        
         | csdvrx wrote:
         | > They should be hung in a public square and then all of that
         | person's children and descendants should be jailed for life
         | just to be on the safe side.
         | 
         | Why stop there? Jail their ascendants too! The accused bad
         | education must have come from somewhere? Then just to be on the
         | safe side, I'd include neighbors; the whole city block may be
         | seen as too lenient so jailing the whole city would send the
         | right message!
        
       | quantified wrote:
       | Thank you Dr Whitehurst. Feel like a statue should go up
       | somewhere.
        
         | dr_dshiv wrote:
         | I think that's a great idea, actually. Somewhere in the DOJ or
         | FBI?
        
           | quantified wrote:
           | Or a federal courthouse, where the right people will
           | encounter it.
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | A similar case of a forensic lab being a perjury factory was the
       | Motherisk program in Ontario, which forged drug detection in hair
       | samples to remove kids from custodial care. These systems are
       | rotten.
       | 
       | In politics, you can see people who are corrupt like this getting
       | rewarded with promotions for having taken one for the team. I see
       | it in companies as well, where if you take on the risk from
       | committing fraud, you can use it as leverage. There are numerous
       | cases where I see managers telling subordinates to fudge data of
       | all kinds, and the ones who don't lie get managed out, and the
       | ones who do lie get promoted. The tactic is to get someone to do
       | something compromising or illegal on your behalf, so you can take
       | credit for the outcome, but the person bullied into lying holds
       | the risk. The only people who ever get persecuted or prosecuted
       | are the ones who threaten to give away the game. The dynamic is
       | covered in the concept of a Moral Maze
       | (https://hbr.org/1983/09/moral-mazes-bureaucracy-and-
       | manageri...).
       | 
       | You can't fix corruption and adulteration. The only way out is to
       | fork a new organization and create a gate that prevents the
       | corruption from taking root in the new org, and even then I've
       | seen it creep back. The alternative is to make grisly examples,
       | but nobody has the stomach for that.
        
         | starwind wrote:
         | I got fired from one job after my manager told me to fake
         | results and I didn't. I went into a job interview a few days
         | later and I summed it up as "they were asking me to do things
         | with the data I wasn't comfortable with." Guy interviewing me
         | was like "been there," and we moved right on from it. Got the
         | job too
        
         | throw_away wrote:
         | BTW, Jackall expanded that HBR essay into an entire book.
         | Highly recommended if you want to get entirely black-pilled on
         | corporate work. Wikipedia says it was a favorite of Aaron
         | Swartz.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_Mazes
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | > Motherisk program
         | 
         | a quick read of four or five related Wikipedia articles shows a
         | lifetime of fraud perpetrated by Motherisk founder Dr Gideon
         | Koren, complete with threats of countersuit, piles of falsified
         | research papers in publication, repeated denial and then being
         | caught, and losing his license to practice medicine at age 70+
         | 
         | eye-opening to see this information given the status of US AMA
         | Physicians these days, in income, authority and protection from
         | meaningful punishment
         | 
         | also the psychology of using authority to remove children from
         | the care of their biological mother, over and over and over..
         | combined with academic hubris publishing falsified research
         | over and over and over.. combined with prominent cultural
         | activities.. this individual has done a lot of harm in a way
         | that defeats trust and true authority
        
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       (page generated 2022-03-06 23:02 UTC)