[HN Gopher] What happened to Russias Air Force? U.S. officials, ...
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       What happened to Russias Air Force? U.S. officials, experts stumped
        
       Author : mrep
       Score  : 223 points
       Date   : 2022-03-02 16:52 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | ibobev wrote:
       | They restrict the usage of artillery and air power to avoid a
       | high number of civilian casualties.
        
       | jcranberry wrote:
       | A foreign affairs article had this to say before the conflict
       | began:
       | 
       | >Airstrikes would not go entirely uncontested. Russia's air force
       | lacks experience in suppressing or destroying enemy air defenses,
       | and it rarely uses missiles that are designed to destroy radar.
       | As a result, Ukraine's meager air defenses could still pose a
       | challenge. But Ukrainian air defenses are in short supply, and
       | they would be unlikely to provide effective cover for most of the
       | country's ground troops. They would be quickly overwhelmed.
       | 
       | >The opening air campaign would probably be short. Unlike Western
       | militaries, which concentrate firepower in their air forces,
       | Russia puts the bulk of its firepower in its ground forces, so it
       | would quickly proceed to a ground campaign.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | guyromm wrote:
       | I believe they were working under the assumption it would be a
       | walk in the park, once the central government was captured or
       | killed.
       | 
       | To strengthen this assumption here's a canned article which was
       | likely meant to be published had things gone according to plan,
       | but pulled, since they hadn't.
       | 
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20220226224717/https://ria.ru/20...
       | 
       | RIA is a state owned news agency.
       | 
       | Why precisely they thought they'd meet no serious opposition in
       | their attempted airdrop near Kyiv is anyone's guess. Mine is that
       | Putin started believing his own tales about Nazis taking Ukraine
       | hostage, assuming the populace is dying to be liberated from
       | them.
       | 
       | Things crumbled once this met a different reality on the ground,
       | and now they're trying to raise the stakes, and have become
       | desperate enough to begin indiscriminately shelling population
       | centres, Kharkiv most notably.
        
         | ProjectArcturis wrote:
         | What's Russian for "We will, in fact, be greeted as
         | liberators"?
        
           | CrazyStat wrote:
           | - How do people meet you at the liberated territories?
           | - Well. Smiles. Flowers. Tears of happiness...
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/olex_scherba/status/1498766669614886924
        
         | cycomanic wrote:
         | I just wrote the exact same thing before seeing your comment,
         | just not so eloquently. I think you are spot on, that really is
         | the only "rational" explanation.
        
         | guynamedloren wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing. That article is disorienting! How'd you
         | find it?
        
           | Tarragon wrote:
           | Its existence was reported widely on major news sites, even
           | Boing Boing!.
           | 
           | There's a ton of reporting right now easy to miss important
           | while trying to drink from the firehose.
           | 
           | I first saw it when a friend sent me a link to this twitter
           | thread:
           | https://twitter.com/Tom_deWaal/status/1498310064117059585
        
         | jopsen wrote:
         | > Why precisely they thought they'd meet no serious
         | opposition...
         | 
         | Isn't that what everybody thought?
         | 
         | Didn't NATO also think that? Isn't that why the US and friends
         | categorically refused boots on the ground, no-fly-zones or even
         | just strategic ambiguity?
         | 
         | Or maybe, things are just slow, because they are slow..
        
       | dathinab wrote:
       | Before realizing that there is natural Gas west of Crimea I
       | thought:
       | 
       | Why is a Ukrain NATO membership a risk for Russia, there is no
       | change that in Europe NATO would attack Russia, as European NATO
       | members would not allow it.
       | 
       | That is except if Russia expects to be in a war against NATO in
       | the not to long future. (Not necessary start the war though).
       | 
       | This behaviour could also fit into this argument, i.e. losing a
       | lot by being trying not to lose the important parts to much.
       | 
       | Through it could also be:
       | 
       | - Political games including high Generals of the Russian Air
       | Force rejecting getting fully involved in the war.
       | 
       | - Putin being paranoid and believing that if they send major Air
       | Force troops to Ukrain then some 3rd party will use this to
       | invade Russia/destroy major parts of Russians Air Force.
       | 
       | - Putin hoping to get an excuse to wage war against NATO and
       | therefore is holding back the Air Force to launch a attack
       | against other forces.
       | 
       | - Russia being in a much worse economical state then believed,
       | not affording to fly the full Air Force.
       | 
       | - Something having subtle damaged huge parts of their Air Force
       | (and is kept secret). Like e.g. there being a problem with some
       | of the materials used to build them, or with their guidance
       | system, or similar.
       | 
       | - Russia is falling apart (on a high command level) Putin has
       | lost most power, including command over the Air Force, this is a
       | last desperate attempt to regain power.
       | 
       | EDIT: Maybe this post is a bit too much taping into conspiracy
       | theory territory.
        
         | selimthegrim wrote:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_Storm_Rising
        
         | redisman wrote:
         | > Putin hoping to get an excuse to wage war against NATO
         | 
         | This would be the most delusional thing anyone has ever hoped
         | for. If Putin is that far gone, we're all doomed
        
       | ukraineally wrote:
       | No air force, because cost-benefit isnt there. Too many things to
       | take them out. Not enough things to drop bombs on. Dont worry,
       | they did airstrike the
       | 
       | Navy doing navy things? aka floating there threatening civilians.
       | 
       | Army is in terrible disarray losing tons of equipment to mud.
       | Losing even more equipment to combat. Their MREs expired 7 years
       | ago. Their army sure is looking pathetic.
       | 
       | Is this Putin's last hurrah?
        
         | aix1 wrote:
         | It's hard to be sure, but he is now surrounded by (ex?)
         | multibillionnaires who have all of a sudden lost much of the
         | ability to enjoy their airplanes, yachts, houses etc, ONLY
         | because of voices in Putin's head telling him about his
         | historic mission (or whatever those voices are telling him).
         | 
         | I think his life expectancy has gone down as of about a week
         | ago.
        
           | ukraineally wrote:
           | >It's hard to be sure, but he is now surrounded by (ex?)
           | multibillionnaires who have all of a sudden lost much of the
           | ability to enjoy their airplanes, yachts, houses etc, ONLY
           | because of voices in Putin's head telling him about his
           | historic mission (or whatever those voices are telling him).
           | 
           | On paper they are still billionaires because the stock
           | exchange was shutdown. I really don't know how much power
           | they have exactly. I doubt they have any sort of
           | assassination capability. Nor do I expect them to exercise
           | this.
           | 
           | Ultimately this is about defunding their war. Their ability
           | to sustain this war has a very short lifetime now. They are
           | now excluded from the global community. The Russian people
           | are headed into poverty.
           | 
           | We get to just sit back and let that happen.
        
             | redisman wrote:
             | It's the siloviki who might do something if they have a
             | rival group that could take over the administration
        
       | desireco42 wrote:
       | It is rather simple, they didn't want to really destroy UAF, but
       | were hoping after initial attack that a lot of them would
       | surrender and switch side, as there is a lot of unhappiness in
       | Ukraine over how they treat Russians, right wingers and pro-nazi
       | groups with guns.
       | 
       | So they expected a lot of infrastructure will be available for
       | them to take over. As we know, this didn't happen and now they
       | have to destroy it. Honestly this is not good for Ukrainians as
       | they will now suffer for real.
       | 
       | I found this site provides somewhat better analysis of situation,
       | as well as The Hill and Breaking Points for example.
       | 
       | http://www.iswresearch.org/
        
       | garou wrote:
       | Would be possible that their objective was to start by invading
       | easily the Ukraine and Moldova then with close base to NATO old
       | soviet nations start the "real" war to conquer all their
       | "territories" back?
       | 
       | If so, their plan just completely blew up now with their
       | destroyed economy and wasting a lot more of their planned
       | resources to capture only the first step... And Putin don't want
       | to admit/face defeat so is trying to win the Ukraine even with
       | the fact that he already lost.
       | 
       | It all is so insane, it is freaking hard to understand these
       | maniacs...
       | 
       | Slava Ukraini!
        
       | jefftk wrote:
       | This cites but doesn't link "The Mysterious Case of the Missing
       | Russian Air Force", which is a much more thorough treatment:
       | https://rusi.org/explore-our-research/publications/commentar...
       | 
       | They list three possible explanations:
       | 
       | * Too few precision-guided munitions (PGMs)
       | 
       | * Risk of friendly fire from surface-to-air missiles (SAMs) due
       | to poor coordination
       | 
       | * Lack of experienced Russian pilots
        
         | standardUser wrote:
         | "Lack of experienced Russian pilot"
         | 
         | This one is so hard for me to imagine, given Russia's long
         | history of aerospace pride and massive military budget. The
         | article attributes it to limited flying time compared to US/UK
         | pilots and unfamiliarity with their latest and most advanced
         | jets. Truly hard to comprehend how a military like Russia's
         | could be suffering from lack of training despite a multi-year
         | lead-up to a massive invasion.
        
           | LAC-Tech wrote:
           | Russias military budget is only slightly higher than that of
           | the UK (61.7 billion vs 59.2 billion), even though Russia has
           | a bit more than twice the UK population.
           | 
           | France and Germany aren't far behind - 52.8 billion and 52.7
           | billion respectively. I believe Germany recently pledged to
           | raise it's military spending to 100 billion (a lot of flashy
           | headlines but couldn't find details), so soon it will far
           | outspend Russia.
        
             | ginko wrote:
             | >I believe Germany recently pledged to raise it's military
             | spending to 100 billion (a lot of flashy headlines but
             | couldn't find details), so soon it will far outspend
             | Russia.
             | 
             | Not _to_ 100 billion, _by_ 100 billion. Euros that is.
             | 
             | https://www-tagesschau-
             | de.translate.goog/inland/innenpolitik...
        
               | oezi wrote:
               | They want to do a one time invest of 100bn and raise
               | permanently to 2% of GDP.
        
             | foepys wrote:
             | You cannot compare those numbers. Cost of living is very
             | different in Germany and the UK compared to Russia.
             | Personnel costs make up for most of the German budget and a
             | Russian soldier earns only a fraction of a German soldier.
        
               | Cthulhu_ wrote:
               | While that is a factor, I can also imagine that Russia
               | has more cost due to the size of the country and the
               | amount of hardware they have to maintain within that
               | budget. The other countries are a lot more compact and
               | focused, both in terms of landmass and the amount of
               | hardware.
        
             | hutzlibu wrote:
             | Russia has way lower wages on the other hand, meaning for
             | domestic military spending, they get much further with that
             | budget.
        
               | jopsen wrote:
               | > they get much further with that budget.
               | 
               | Not when you pay for corruption :)
        
           | saiya-jin wrote:
           | Its easy - imagine massive, gargantuan corruption. On all
           | levels, including the very top and going all the way to the
           | lowest soldier. Heck, they were selling gas to Belarus
           | civilians from their own machines while waiting just across
           | the border during February. And then they ran out of it in
           | Ukraine.
           | 
           | Can you imagine US or western Europe soldiers doing something
           | similar en masse?
           | 
           | And its not just that - heavy drinking, fuck-it attitude, and
           | suddenly called to invade the nation who was supposed to be
           | their closest brothers?
           | 
           | They are sort of potemkin village kind of army. Few
           | exceptional units (Spetsnaz), few cool technologies ie anti
           | aircraft missiles, literally maybe 10 new Armata tanks (they
           | found out they can't manufacture them en masse). So you see
           | 40-50 years old tanks which Javelin can fry easily, and even
           | clueless civilian can fire them after 30 minutes of training.
           | You see soldiers abandoning vehicles since they have higher
           | survability on foot. You see tank crew coming to Ukrainian
           | police station to ask where is gas station (I call it clever
           | way to surrender).
           | 
           | I think its actually very dangerous for Russia as a state
           | right now. Showing this much weakness might motivate some
           | neighbors. Especially China, they could run through the
           | country all the way to Barents sea without breaking a sweat.
        
             | skim_milk wrote:
             | In some branches of psychology, they use term "apoptosis"
             | as a metaphor for widespread self-destruction [1], because
             | such a collapse in social teamwork appears to almost
             | perfectly mirror programmed cell death - as if social
             | collapse of one society to allow the takeover of another
             | more "fit" society is built in to our inherent social or
             | genetic code. Historically speaking, showing such weakness
             | would lead to mass genocide, leadership takeover, cultural
             | changes, and other unpalatable war crimes. We don't need to
             | be brutal cavemen anymore, but feels we're enabling Russia
             | to torture itself indefinitely while not letting it
             | completely collapse and rebuild a more fair society,
             | because they have nuclear weapons and it would be the
             | incorrect opinion to acknowledge and fix Russia's failures
             | as a state, society, culture, military, and economic
             | structure? Why can't we read the writing on the wall and
             | fix the world's number 1 danger - the apoptosis of Russia?
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ayq2WTOIOAQ&t=2964s
        
               | redisman wrote:
               | Fix it how? Russia has been unstable for well over a
               | century
        
             | oneoff786 wrote:
             | Soldiers stealing fuel to sell is a decades old Russian
             | soldier tradition
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | > Especially China, they could run through the country all
             | the way to Barents sea without breaking a sweat.
             | 
             | The thing is though, is there any reason to believe the PLA
             | would be in a much different shape? The last wars the
             | Chinese fought in were decades ago, and the performance was
             | pretty poor. So we don't have any real world idea of how
             | that army would perform - it could suffer from poor morale,
             | stupid tactics, lack of coordination, no logistics, or it
             | could be superbly trained with great equipment.
        
             | redisman wrote:
             | China won't invade anyone. They haven't had any battles in
             | a long time. They can just take over with soft power since
             | Russia is in a extremely weak position in a few months.
        
               | nacs wrote:
               | > China won't invade anyone
               | 
               | Except Hong Kong (and the "expansion" of the South China
               | Sea).
        
             | vintermann wrote:
             | > Its easy - imagine massive, gargantuan corruption.
             | 
             | Well, it's not as if the US military industrial complex has
             | nothing of that?
             | 
             | I think the problem isn't corruption alone, but the
             | combination of corruption and all the corrupt trying hard
             | to put their own eggs elsewhere than Russia's basket.
             | Working with a corrupt authoritarian leader can be
             | profitable, but you really want to have a plan B for when
             | SHtF.
             | 
             | US corrupt elites have the luxury problem that if their
             | wealth and power isn't secure in the US, it probably isn't
             | very secure anywhere else either. So they have to take
             | _just_ a little care not shit where they eat (too much),
             | and maybe sponsor a few museums and stuff, robber baron
             | style.
        
               | stjohnswarts wrote:
               | If you had lived in a country that is corrupt at all
               | levels of industry, government, and business you would
               | know that the US is practically pure as driven snow. In
               | the US there is relatively plenty money to go around and
               | even the poor typically live better than in a lot of
               | countries "average standard of living) (barring the
               | poorest 5% or so). I have lived in such a country for a
               | few years and it. is. everywhere. -Everyone- wants a
               | bribe or kickback.
        
               | spacemark wrote:
               | I think you underestimate the extent of corruption in
               | Russia. The US doesn't even come remotely close. You can
               | look up corruption indexes, Russia is near most corrupt,
               | US somewhere in the bottom quartile iirc. A quick example
               | from my industry - roughly 1/3 of the ~USD $3 billion
               | spent on the new Russian spaceport is unaccounted for
               | (stolen). I assure you that's many orders of magnitude
               | worse than the contracts in play at Cape Canaveral.
               | 
               | A good (extremely depressing) film to watch is
               | "Leviathan" (2014).
        
               | vintermann wrote:
               | First, I was mostly thinking about historical corruption
               | in the US, i.e. in the age of Robber Barons, which was
               | really incredibly bad.
               | 
               | I agree there's probably less of the "money just
               | unaccounted for" type of corruption in the US (though it
               | does happen, especially in connection with wars and
               | intelligence agencies), and certainly less petty bribes.
               | But that may just be a symptom of more organized
               | corruption, so that it isn't necessary to let to many
               | lower instances have a cut. In short, there may be more
               | _legal_ ways to divert public trust to private gain, so
               | that the petty sort is just pointlessly risky.
        
             | kspacewalk2 wrote:
             | >I think its actually very dangerous for Russia as a state
             | right now. Showing this much weakness might motivate some
             | neighbors. Especially China, they could run through the
             | country all the way to Barents sea without breaking a
             | sweat.
             | 
             | To which I say: Russia has ~half of the world's nuclear
             | arsenal. (The US has ~half, the rest of the nuclear states
             | are mere footnotes by # of nukes, relying on the fact that
             | no one really needs more than about a dozen).
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _Russia has ~half of the world 's nuclear arsenal_
               | 
               | If this is the state of their conventional military, it
               | raises questions about the state of their nuclear
               | deterrent.
               | 
               | In any case, if China wanted Siberian resources,
               | fomenting a breakaway region would be cleaner than
               | invading.
        
               | kspacewalk2 wrote:
               | >If this is the state of their conventional military, it
               | raises questions about the state of their nuclear
               | deterrent.
               | 
               | A scary fucking thought. i.e. some of them will stay in
               | silos, but others will be partially airworthy.
               | 
               | >In any case, if China wanted Siberian resources,
               | fomenting a breakaway region would be cleaner than
               | invading.
               | 
               | This would result in a nuclear exchange.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _This would result in a nuclear exchange_
               | 
               | Possibly. But the exchange would occur on Russian soil.
               | China is more than capable of covertly supporting
               | separatists. Hell, it might not even have to. Just prime
               | the pump and then let the West take over.
        
           | drran wrote:
           | Ukrainians shot about 30 Russian planes, so 30 experienced
           | Russian pilots are gone. Even if they are catapulted, they
           | cannot return to home easily, while Ukrainians can catapult,
           | return to base, and then use a next available plane same day.
           | It's like battle of Britain, when British pilots did the same
           | trick against Nazi pilots.
        
             | barelysapient wrote:
             | _Ukrainians shot about 30 Russian planes, so 30 experienced
             | Russian pilots are gone_
             | 
             | This is exactly the metric. Unlike their other assets,
             | planes are expensive to replace and pilots take a long time
             | to train.
             | 
             | Russia needs to maintain their air assets in order to
             | defend themselves in case they get challenged that way. And
             | they have tons of warm bodies and old hardware to throw at
             | the situation.
             | 
             | Another perspective is that Russian air assets are very
             | vulnerable to MANPADS style air-defense systems. Ukraine
             | has received a ton of these systems from the west and are
             | able to engage targets up to about 3 miles out. They're
             | also vulnerable to the S300 systems the Ukrainians
             | inherited, although its not clear how many of those remain.
        
         | mardifoufs wrote:
         | I disagree, they have used their airforce extensively in Syria
         | with precision guided bombs, and I'd be very surprised if that
         | didn't help the pilots gain a lot of experience too. All those
         | reasons might have explained a lower intensity air presence but
         | not the outright absence of russian planes. I think it's mostly
         | due to public perception because air strikes, no matter how
         | precise, cause a lot of collateral damage, especially when used
         | in cities.
         | 
         | Outside of cities, where alternatives to air strikes are
         | viable, you can still see a lot of russian helicopter and
         | artillery action.
        
           | aynyc wrote:
           | I think the area they lack experience is closed air support.
           | Ground troops can't direct air support on enemy targets
           | consistently and accurately. Not that many countries can do
           | that effectively.
        
           | ratg13 wrote:
           | This is what the article argues. That it is possible that
           | they used up most of their precision guided bombs in Syria
           | and are mostly left with unguided munitions.
        
             | mardifoufs wrote:
             | I'm not sure I'd agree because they haven't even used their
             | ballistic or cruise missiles in any significant number
             | either. And we know they have a lot, lot more of those even
             | if we just count Soviet stock. To me that indicates that
             | there is something more to it than just lacking the
             | munition itself.
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _they haven 't even used their ballistic or cruise
               | missiles in any significant number either_
               | 
               | Those need targeting. And the article mentions a lack of
               | targeting pods. (UkrAF is largely functional because the
               | initial volley missed many air fields, planes and radar
               | systems.)
               | 
               | This increasingly looks like the Russian military
               | procured shiny, expensive kit from cronies and then
               | neglected to equip them.
        
           | stjohnswarts wrote:
           | Syrian enemies did not have nearly the level of anti-aircraft
           | (and more incoming from NATO countries) that Ukrainians have.
           | I think they are just trying to keep irreplaceable fighters
           | and bombers intact at the cost of ground forces. Russia know
           | that in a war of attrition they can outlast Ukraine although
           | it will cost them more than they thought now. I think they
           | gambled based on what happened in Crimea and the "contested"
           | regions of Ukraine.
        
         | Skunkleton wrote:
         | Could it be they are saving their airforce in case of western
         | involvement?
        
       | commandlinefan wrote:
       | I remember reading once in the late 90's - a bit after the fall
       | of the Soviet Union - that U.S. inspectors toured some of the
       | then-declassified Soviet ICBM launch facilities and they came to
       | the conclusion that the missiles would not have survived liftoff
       | much less reached their targets. If Russia was overstating its
       | nuclear capabilities throughout the 80's, is it possible that
       | they've been overstating their military capabilities in general?
        
       | AtlasBarfed wrote:
       | Yeah, I was under the impression pre-Ukraine that Russia was an
       | "nth generation" fighter supplier, and therefore should have air
       | superiority almost by default.
       | 
       | I was corrected that nobody seems to buy Russia's offerings, and
       | those that were made are basically for show and not in mass
       | production.
       | 
       | I also realized that air superiority, as in expensive jets
       | attacking from distance and altitude, might not matter if the
       | enemy has cheap effective drones.
       | 
       | If the drone loss rate and replacement is cheaper than the flight
       | hours cost of the ultraexpensive fighter jet, and if they can
       | throw 100 drones at a battlefield and the best you can do is
       | shoot down 10 of them with your ultraexpensive fighter jets...
       | uhoh. Even if you "own" the skies, you don't have ground-air
       | superiority.
       | 
       | Yes you can bomb static targets with impunity, but your ground
       | forces are essentially unsupported, and if the enemy is infantry
       | with portable missiles and drones with missiles... uhoh.
        
         | older wrote:
         | I don't think anyone who've seen Russian made Lada would dare
         | to buy Russian made fighter jets.
        
           | SyzygistSix wrote:
           | By that metric everyone should be buying Japanese fighter
           | jets. The US was making kick-ass fighter jets at what might
           | be the nadir of the US car industry. Then again, Russian cars
           | do indeed represent an all-time low.
        
         | ProjectArcturis wrote:
         | Ukraine only has about 20 drones, and they are optimized for
         | air to surface strikes, not air-to-air combat. Drones are much
         | cheaper than fighter jets but they're not cheap enough for
         | Ukraine to mass-produce (or purchase) them in the thousands.
        
       | boc wrote:
       | I think we need to consider the possibility that much of the
       | Russian army only existed on paper, and that the true strength
       | was overinflated by trickling up good news only throughout all
       | ranks of the military.[1] Readiness was overstated. Equipment was
       | overstated. Training was for parades, not combat. Everyone in the
       | Russian military had assumed they'd never actually fight a real
       | war, so they could grift and sell rations on the side.
       | 
       | Putin didn't realize that his military was hollowed-out when he
       | made the call to invade, and thus everyone scrambled to fill in
       | the gaps of their units with conscripts. That's why we're seeing
       | an unusually high number of captured Russian forces who appear to
       | have nearly no military training or experience. We've seen
       | bizarre tactics that make no sense - tanks being abandoned, APCs
       | driving with no support, etc.
       | 
       | It stands to reason that if we're asking "Where's the Russian Air
       | Force?", the answer is that it may never have existed in the size
       | we thought. IMO this is a more logical answer than trying to
       | figure out some 3D chess strategy of why Russia wouldn't their
       | planes during the largest invasion since WWII.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.vox.com/2016/2/23/11092614/putin-army-threat
        
         | UncleOxidant wrote:
         | Good (and long) analysis thread on this on twitter:
         | https://twitter.com/kamilkazani/status/1497993363076915204?s...
         | 
         | "Why Russia will lose this war?
         | 
         | Much of the "realist" discourse is about accepting Putin's
         | victory, cuz it's _guaranteed_. But how do we know it is?
         | 
         | I'll argue that analysts 1) overrate Russian army 2) underrate
         | Ukrainian one 3) misunderstand Russian strategy & political
         | goals" Kamil Galeev
        
         | excalibur wrote:
         | > It stands to reason that if we're asking "Where's the Russian
         | Air Force?", the answer is that it may never have existed in
         | the size we thought. IMO this is a more logical answer than
         | trying to figure out some 3D chess strategy of why Russia
         | wouldn't their planes during the largest invasion since WWII.
         | 
         | It's not that hard to figure out. Putin is saving his planes
         | for something big. Direct conflict with NATO being the most
         | likely (and of course scariest) answer.
         | 
         | This does not necessarily mean that he wants or intends to
         | fight NATO, just that he sees it as a strong enough possibility
         | that he's willing to incur heavy losses in the short term in
         | order to conserve his strength.
        
         | mysecretaccount wrote:
         | Hopefully this is true of their nuclear arsenal...
        
         | whimsicalism wrote:
         | I think we know the Russian air force exists from Syria.
         | 
         | For ground troops, you may very well be right - they have been
         | heavily relying on private military corps for a while now.
        
           | selectodude wrote:
           | The Russian air force "exists", in that they have planes and
           | pilots and bombs. But in what quantities and in what
           | condition is a huge question. Furthermore, are they as good
           | at flying in relatively contested airspace as is implied.
           | Russia had total air superiority in Syria, Georgia, the
           | Donbas, and the Caucasus. Ukraine has an army that actually
           | exists and is being armed with some pretty high tech shit
           | from the west.
        
         | cycomanic wrote:
         | You might be correct to some degree. I suspect though, what
         | played an even bigger role is that Putin and many of his higher
         | ups, really seem to have believed this would be a very easy
         | invasion and their troops would be welcome like liberators.
         | Just read the gloating pre-prepared "we won" article that was
         | released accidentally [1], it really seems like they were
         | believing their own propaganda.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.economist.com/europe/2022/02/28/the-kremlins-
         | pro...
        
         | ALittleLight wrote:
         | Another part of this is US intelligence sources have an
         | incentive to overstate Russia's strength. A strong scary Russia
         | better justifies American military spending.
        
           | itronitron wrote:
           | Unfortunately that masks the scarier scenario of a failing
           | state with thousands of nuclear weapons.
        
         | criddell wrote:
         | > the true strength was overinflated by trickling up
         | 
         | When I watched HBO's excellent Chernobyl that was one of the
         | recurring themes. Everybody is lying to their superiors and
         | nobody wants to hear bad news and they suffer because if it. I
         | assumed that was probably exaggerated for the sake of drama but
         | maybe it was actually understated?
        
           | matkoniecz wrote:
           | > I assumed that was probably exaggerated for the sake of
           | drama
           | 
           | Communist countries were full of blatant incompetence, lying
           | about what actually happens, mismanagement, stealing and
           | strategic deliberate incompetence.
           | 
           | Just look at state of economy of communist block and why USSR
           | failed.
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | From a formerly Communist Czechoslovakia: if telling the
           | truth results in a punishment, everyone will learn to lie
           | habitually.
           | 
           | Of course the resulting system is pretty brittle to shocks.
        
           | jiggawatts wrote:
           | It was spot on.
        
             | kahrl wrote:
             | The tips weren't made of graphite!
        
           | 015a wrote:
           | Even this recent video, which presents a bad look for their
           | leadership, they were alright with it being public; it must
           | be the best case, and it subtly presents a leadership
           | structure within the Russian government that is both
           | disorganized, and systemically fearful of Putin.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ucEs0nBuowE
        
         | immibis wrote:
         | Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Cannon fodder conscripts are cheaper that jets
        
       | wariawful wrote:
        
       | jl6 wrote:
       | I guess everyone's weighing in with their view, so why not?
       | 
       | Firstly, we should be mindful that the fog of war is now in play,
       | and a good amount of what we think we know is unverifiable. With
       | that caveat out of the way...
       | 
       | It seems that the Russian soldiers are making efforts to avoid
       | attacking civilians directly. Counterexamples exist and could be
       | explained by rogue units, incompetence, or hot-blooded revenge on
       | local resistance.
       | 
       | I speculate that Russian airforce weaponry is not generally high-
       | precision, and the order to avoid targeting civilians implies
       | restraint on use of indiscriminate bombing. Again, we've seen
       | counterexamples which could be explained by all of the above
       | reasons, plus the possibility of friendly fire from failed
       | Ukrainian air defences.
       | 
       | I can only imagine that the "pro-civilian" policy is part of a
       | plan to eventually install a pro-Russia government that has some
       | semblance of consent from the people.
       | 
       | But I cannot fathom how they expect that suzerainty to operate in
       | the face of mass popular resistance.
       | 
       | Did they really launch this invasion on the assumption that the
       | people of Ukraine would just roll over and accept foreign rule?
       | 
       | Their options seem to be (a) beat a hasty retreat; (b) impose a
       | bloody total subjugation of the population; (c) face a decades-
       | long insurgency that will bleed them dry.
       | 
       | We need to find a variant of (a) that allows Putin to save face,
       | because his default will be (b).
        
         | phtrivier wrote:
         | In all fairness, "invade assuming the people will chant you to
         | power" sounds a lot like GWB statregy back in 2003... We made
         | lots of jokes back then.
        
         | TimTheTinker wrote:
         | > It seems that the Russian soldiers are making efforts to
         | avoid attacking civilians directly.
         | 
         | That doesn't apply to apartment buildings, schools, hospitals,
         | etc. The shelling is very intense in multiple cities.
         | 
         | So yes, most Russians aren't directly firing on people in the
         | street, but in larger cities they're destroying their homes and
         | local infrastructure.
        
         | andjd wrote:
         | I'm not sure that explains it. The article asks why the Russian
         | air force wasn't used to destroy Ukrainian _military_ targets.
         | If bombing an air base causes substantial civilian casualties,
         | then it's because that country brought in civilians to the site
         | to use a meat shield.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _We need to find a variant of (a) that allows Putin to save
         | face_
         | 
         | Recognize the annexation of Crimea and promise immediate
         | sanctions rollbacks the moment the last Russian troop leaves
         | Ukraine (other than Donbas and Luhansk, that ship has sailed).
        
           | kyboren wrote:
           | I also think this is the most viable offramp. Everyone gets
           | to plausibly claim victory, if not total victory.
           | 
           | Russia keeps the money pit dear to the hearts of many
           | Russians and doesn't become a Chinese vassal state. Ukraine
           | ends the bloodshed and saves their sovereignty for the cost
           | of what they have already lost.
           | 
           | There will be sticking points, for sure, notably around Putin
           | himself, reparations, and yes, the status of DPR and LPR, but
           | I hold out hope that they don't forestall a potential deal.
        
           | freeopinion wrote:
           | So you mean to provide Russia with a more stable platform
           | from which to invade again in say, 5 years?
           | 
           | You don't change any of the context that led Russia to invade
           | in the first place. You leave intact an aggressor who has
           | repeatedly and consistently expanded. You gave them Crimea
           | and hoped that would appease them. You tolerated their
           | aggressions in eastern Ukraine. Now you will just give them
           | Donbas and Luhansk and hope once again to appease them?
           | 
           | That strategy might be better accepted if the world hadn't
           | seen 1938-1939.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _the order to avoid targeting civilians implies restraint on
         | use of indiscriminate bombing_
         | 
         | This doesn't explain Russia's lack of air superiority as well
         | as the hypothesis proposed by the paper on which this article
         | is based [1]: a lack of precision munitions, the risk of Ground
         | Force SAMs causing friendly fire due to bad coordination
         | between the branches and a lack of pilot training leading to
         | those planes not being battle ready.
         | 
         | [1] https://rusi.org/explore-our-
         | research/publications/commentar...
        
         | austhrow743 wrote:
         | >Did they really launch this invasion on the assumption that
         | the people of Ukraine would just roll over and accept foreign
         | rule?
         | 
         | Iirc Ukraine had a government that was subordinate to Russia as
         | recently as 2014. Belarus is still a Russian puppet. The
         | Transnistria region of Moldova to Ukraine's south is largely
         | welcoming of Russian military control.
         | 
         | Doesn't seem too outlandish for them to assume that to me.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | That would be an epic failure of Russian intelligence.
           | Alternative take: they knew but didn't dare to tell Putin.
           | Don't underestimate the isolation of strongmen.
        
         | ChildOfChaos wrote:
         | I mean all I see when I look online is Russia attacking
         | Civilians and not caring who they attack.
         | 
         | Yes there is a degree of restraint because they are trying to
         | take the country over, they cannot burn it to the ground, but
         | they don't really seem to care about civilians and keep
         | committing war crimes, just now they directly bombed near a
         | hotel and train station, people trying to flee the country.
         | 
         | Saying they are 'pro-civillian' seems far fetched and doesn't
         | seem to match the facts
         | 
         | The British government is leading a 38-nation referral of
         | Russia to the ICC to probe war crimes and a direct quote from
         | the British Government foreign secretary just now reads:
         | "Putin's military machine is targeting civilians
         | indiscriminately and tearing through towns across Ukraine"
        
           | lmohseni wrote:
           | We have footage of cluster bombs striking civilian apartment
           | buildings in Kharkiv:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bZuKEwuZznw
        
             | jnwatson wrote:
             | It is important to distinguish between strategic and
             | tactical decisions.
             | 
             | Russia has made a strategic decision to avoid heavy bombers
             | due to the high likelihood of civilian casualties.
             | 
             | Some platoon commander launched a rocket barrage for
             | whatever reason. Command discipline isn't perfect,
             | especially among new recruits, so individual deviations are
             | to be expected.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | phkahler wrote:
               | Don't forget, every media outlet that isn't Russian is
               | going to show those incidents to the world to make that
               | bad guys look bad. We're also not likely to see any wins
               | against Ukrainian military targets for both political and
               | practical reasons. So it's very hard to tell from these
               | reports what the overall picture really is.
        
             | throwawayay02 wrote:
             | There are counter claims that that building was being used
             | for recruitment for the Azov battalion.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | kettro wrote:
               | The Azov Battalion is the cause of everything, it seems.
               | They're recruiting everywhere, I'm surprised it itself
               | isn't the whole of the Ukrainian defenses now, if I
               | believed all of the Russian shills.
               | 
               | /s/Azov Battalion/Ukrainian National Guard/
        
               | MisterBastahrd wrote:
               | Yeah, they have around 2500 members, but that's totally a
               | reason to lose 2000 people a day in an unprovoked
               | invasion and tank your entire country's economy while
               | doing it.
               | 
               | Would be nice if Europe and the US would seize Putin and
               | associates' accounts and donate them to Ukraine.
        
               | computershit wrote:
               | It's basically akin to Canada deciding to invade the US
               | because of the existence of the Proud Boys.
        
               | MisterBastahrd wrote:
               | Well, it's a little different. For one, Ukraine took all
               | of these militia groups and made them a standard part of
               | their military's operations. Apparently they've been
               | working to defang the rhetoric of this particular group,
               | but for Putin to pretend like he gives a shit about
               | fascism given that he's currently the highest profile
               | fascist world leader is a bit ridiculous.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | tguvot wrote:
               | like seriously, lol. their intelligence were crappy
               | enough to miss a bunch of air defense systems but they
               | know that in some specific building is an recruitment for
               | azov
        
               | akho wrote:
               | The specific building is the regional administration, and
               | recruitment there was advertised in Ukrainian telegram
               | channels.
               | 
               | All that excuses nothing.
        
               | tguvot wrote:
               | there is recruitment to regional defense everywhere right
               | now.
        
               | ashwagary wrote:
               | This might be why they are starting to bomb everywhere
               | now.
        
               | tguvot wrote:
               | now. residential area in kharkiv https://pbs.twimg.com/me
               | dia/FM33LeNXwAsuKHy?format=jpg&name=...
        
               | throwaway_4ever wrote:
               | That's what they said about a different building that got
               | bombed in Kharkiv, a University Economics building, that
               | the intended target was "Azov Battalion" across the
               | street. They can't seriously be bombing many different
               | buildings and claiming they're all "Azov Battalion." Azov
               | mainly operated around Mariupol too, not Kharkiv.
        
           | brabel wrote:
           | > just now they directly bombed near a hotel and train
           | station, people trying to flee the country.
           | 
           | I've just read that the explosion near Kiev's train station
           | (if that's what you're talking about) was due to a Russian
           | missile that got intercepted by Ukrainian defense.
           | 
           | It would make zero sense for Russians to be using their
           | weapons against anything non-military at this point given
           | that, if reports are true, there's still plenty of Ukrainian
           | military resistance to be dealt with.
        
         | danenania wrote:
         | I don't even see how (b) is going to work at this point--with
         | the massive flow of weapons and money that is coming from the
         | West, and NATO safe havens on the borders, Russia will be
         | playing whack-a-mole against insurgency forever no matter how
         | much force they use.
         | 
         | Imagine if the Iraq or Afghanistan insurgencies had had access
         | to an endless supply of top-of-the-line weapons, orders of
         | magnitude more funding, and 'safe zones' where they could
         | operate without the US attacking them... as far as I can tell,
         | Russia is all but guaranteed a bloody and expensive quagmire
         | until they withdraw.
         | 
         | It seems like Putin went on tilt. It's hard to fathom any
         | rational justification for this.
        
           | littlestymaar wrote:
           | Russia doesn't have a big track military track record in
           | recent years, but there's one thing that they have proven to
           | do really well: leveling a city to the ground while
           | slaughtering the civilians who didn't flee.
           | 
           | Having the Ukrainian legitimate government agree to surrender
           | to save Kiev (or "just" Khariv) from such a fate isn't
           | completely impossible to imagine. And giving infantry weapons
           | isn't going to be enough to stop Putin from doing so if he
           | wanted. I don't know how many FOAV[1] the Russian air force
           | has at its disposal, but Javelin aren't gonna help against
           | that...
           | 
           | And after this hypothetical surrender from the Ukrainian
           | government, setting up a bloody dictatorship with a special
           | police arresting, torturing and executing whoever is
           | suspected to belong to the insurgency, relying on pro-russian
           | locals to provide intelligence is not an impossible feat
           | unfortunately...
           | 
           | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Father_of_All_Bombs
        
             | truffdog wrote:
             | Fallujah and Mosul were pretty bad in terms of city
             | levelling. We just don't like to remember them, or think
             | about depleted uranium dust causing birth defects, or what
             | happened to the refugees, or a million other things.
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | You can't just compare Fallujah and Grozny. Of course
               | urban warfare is destructive to the city no matter what,
               | but the US and Russian tactics are very different, and so
               | is the destruction. Dropping tons of low precision
               | thermobaric weapons on a city is a Russian thing,
               | unmatched in its destruction. (The is no American
               | equivalent to the TOS-1[1] for instance).
               | 
               | That being said, that doesn't mean I approve US invasion
               | of Irak in any way (because I do not), it just feels
               | you're comparing Pearl Harbor with Stalingrad... (Ok, not
               | literally, because there is a two orders of magnitude
               | difference between Pearl Harbor and Stalingrad, but you
               | get the idea).
               | 
               | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TOS-1
        
             | gitfan86 wrote:
             | Russia has claimed that the mission is to liberate Ukraine
             | from Nazis, which is why you see videos of unarmed
             | civilians not being immediately run over by trucks.
             | 
             | If the mission changes to kill as many civilians as
             | possible, the army is going to have an even worse morale
             | problem and the international community will come up with a
             | creative solution like giving part of Poland to Ukraine,
             | giving Ukrainian citizenship to anyone within that part of
             | Poland and then launching attacks with all the military
             | resources that just happen to now be in Ukraine.
        
               | dantyti wrote:
               | >why you see videos of unarmed civilians not being
               | immediately run over by trucks.
               | 
               | starting to see videos of explosives being lobbed at
               | unarmed people. These do not seem like crowd-control
               | munitions:
               | https://twitter.com/aldin_ww/status/1499059624250646538
               | 
               | On a more historic note, it took the Soviets a couple of
               | days before they ran over people with tanks during the
               | January Events in Vilnius: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
               | January_Events_(Lithuania)#Tim... note how they also
               | claimed it was acting against a "nationalist" (equivalent
               | to "nazi" in the USSR) government.
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | > Russia has claimed that the mission is to liberate
               | Ukraine from Nazis, which is why you see videos of
               | unarmed civilians not being immediately run over by
               | trucks.
               | 
               | > If the mission changes to kill as many civilians as
               | possible, the army is going to have an even worse morale
               | problem
               | 
               | I agree. This is indeed one of the biggest challenge the
               | Russian army will face if they decide to do so.
               | 
               | > the international community will come up with a
               | creative solution like giving part of Poland to Ukraine,
               | giving Ukrainian citizenship to anyone within that part
               | of Poland and then launching attacks with all the
               | military resources that just happen to now be in Ukraine.
               | 
               | This is hilarious, I love it. Never gonna happen, but I
               | love the creativity here. _This_ is "thinking out of the
               | box".
        
               | brimble wrote:
               | The more realistic "creative use of borders" I anticipate
               | is citing historic claims of (mostly) Poland to carve off
               | a big chunk of Ukraine in the West into a new state, and
               | put it under explicit or implied ("just try and see what
               | happens") NATO protection. I don't expect that unless
               | Russia starts having a lot more success, though, and both
               | they and Ukraine start to signal that they might accept a
               | partition of the country to end hostilities.
               | 
               | [EDIT] Further caveat that it'd have to be before
               | substantial Russian ground forces reach that part of the
               | country. This is still a low-likelihood scenario, but
               | certainly far more likely than declaring part of Poland
               | to be in Ukraine (?!)
        
             | simonh wrote:
             | That thing is only really useful against static, or near
             | static high value targets. Against insurgents dispersed
             | across the countryside with Javelins the weapon itself is
             | effectively useless while the aircraft delivering it is
             | still vulnerable.
        
               | senko wrote:
               | I think the implication is it might be used against
               | civilian population in a city.
        
               | littlestymaar wrote:
               | > That thing is only really useful against static, or
               | near static high value targets.
               | 
               | Exactly, like the the capital of your country for
               | instance. Noting that I'm not talking about defeating an
               | insurgency with it, just overthrow the legitimate
               | government and put a pro-russian dictatorship in charge.
               | Exterminating the insurgents would then be the job of the
               | local dictator. Obviously it's not guaranteed, but
               | torture, kidnapping, and assassination have proven an
               | effective mean of counter-insurgency... In real life the
               | bad guy sometimes win...
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | The thing is, once they do that, they'll cross another one
             | of those imaginary lines.
             | 
             | And the sanctions Russia is under will be nothing like the
             | ones that will be heaped on top.
             | 
             | Europe is highly sensitive about local conflicts,
             | especially after what happened to Srebrenica. Grozny didn't
             | really count since it was:
             | 
             | a) an internal war
             | 
             | b) at the end of Europe
             | 
             | If Putin flattens a major European city (for Europe any
             | city above ~2m or so is major), the outrage in Europe will
             | be huge. Even bigger than it is now.
        
               | gitfan86 wrote:
               | We have not seen what the Germany Army is capable of
               | since 80 years ago. Does Putin really want to find out
               | what has changed since then?
        
               | oblio wrote:
               | The German Army isn't capable of much at the moment.
               | 
               | And even if it were, no NATO member will set foot in
               | Ukraine while this war and the following insurgency are
               | happening.
               | 
               | What will happen is, depending on how hard Putin pushes,
               | the reaction will be just as strong. More attacks
               | targeting civilians? More weapons sent to Ukraine. Harder
               | sanctions, with actual teeth. I wouldn't be shocked if by
               | next winter 60%+ of the gas supply for Western Europe
               | will be covered from other vendors, more or less
               | bankrupting Russia (a huge percentage of Russian exports
               | are raw materials, primarily oil and gas).
        
               | ghostwriter wrote:
               | > I wouldn't be shocked if by next winter 60%+ of the gas
               | supply for Western Europe will be covered from other
               | vendors, more or less bankrupting Russia
               | 
               | you will be shocked to discover that Russia is going to
               | fuel China's economy instead [1]
               | 
               | [1] https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-02-28/ga
               | zprom-p...
        
           | google234123 wrote:
           | Yo be fair, those insurgencies did kind of have access to
           | safe zones (Pakistan is next to Afghanistan) and a good
           | supply of weapons which definitely helped them.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | kspacewalk2 wrote:
             | It was, however, nothing close to the levels of support
             | Ukraine is getting. And those insurgencies faced a vastly
             | superior US armed forces.
        
               | killjoywashere wrote:
               | Those American forces also had vastly longer supply lines
               | to sustain. What the Russians lack in financing and
               | capability, the make up a _lot_ with proximate borders,
               | time zones, etc.
        
               | jker wrote:
               | The US has established bases all over the globe and has
               | basically created a worldwide supply chain for its
               | military, so that isn't really a factor. (Please note,
               | this isn't being said in an anti-American way.)
        
               | akimball wrote:
               | Russian military morale is so low it's almost a non-
               | force. You see them unloading into chicken farms and
               | monuments rather than fighting. They are running out of
               | fuel all over the place - probably because they sold it.
               | The corruption in the Russian military is vast and
               | intense.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | There are plenty of sayings along the lines of "America
               | doesn't have military, they have a logistics corporation"
               | Supplying enough "X" is rarely an issue for the USM
               | except in the cases where it is something new they didn't
               | realize they needed.
        
               | oneoff786 wrote:
               | American supply lines were vastly superior to what
               | Russia's doing with its clown convoy however
        
               | mensetmanusman wrote:
               | It's interesting because the U.S. has an order of
               | magnitude more military funding and was trying to secure
               | a supply line an order of magnitude longer. I wonder if
               | this ratio makes it approximately as difficult?
        
           | brimble wrote:
           | > It seems like Putin went on tilt. It's hard to fathom any
           | rational justification for this.
           | 
           |  _At least_ destabilizing Ukraine is necessary to prevent
           | near-term, rapid decline for the Russian Federation. Ukraine
           | 's energy production potential and proximity to Europe make
           | them a likely serious competitor, at a time when renewables
           | are already putting pressure on petrostates like Russia.
           | 
           | Russia made Ukrainian resources in the East difficult to
           | exploit with their fomenting or fabricating a persistent
           | rebellion out that way, and seized most of Ukraine's
           | substantial resources in the Black Sea when they took Crimea
           | outright--but Crimea's dependent on Ukrainian fresh water,
           | which has quite literally dried up for obvious reasons, and
           | Russia's having a hell of a time (that is, spending huge
           | amounts of money to limited effect) supporting Crimea without
           | holding some of the mainland.
           | 
           | This is part of a series of actions aimed at creating short-
           | and mid-term economic stability for Russia, while also
           | improving their strategic situation. I would guess that an
           | acceptable, if not perfect, outcome for them would be
           | bringing the Eastern ~1/3 to 1/2 of Ukraine under Russian
           | control, and it looks like they may yet manage to play their
           | hand to effect such a partition, despite their bizarrely-
           | inept invasion.
           | 
           | It does appear that they've blundered, overall, and not just
           | though military fuck-ups--the sanctions are likely causing a
           | ton of pain, NATO and the EU are more united against them
           | than they've been in a long time and are re-arming (as in
           | Germany), and they managed to bump energy independence _way_
           | up the priority list for the EU. However, there are good
           | reasons for them to (have tried to) do what they 're doing.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | caycep wrote:
           | An additional worry is that these things never end well. I
           | have to dig up this book on the downstream costs to all these
           | countries that were allied w/ the west or USSR during the
           | cold war...they all pay the price economically, socially etc
           | for being part of the global great game. Central America, the
           | Middle East, sub-Saharan Africa all took a huge hit, if you
           | think about it.
           | 
           | Say Ukraine survives or becomes an Afghanistan-like
           | insurgency power. But now they are rife with guns, warlords,
           | and no national institution or government to organize
           | everything....
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | > Say Ukraine survives or becomes an Afghanistan-like
             | insurgency power. But now they are rife with guns,
             | warlords, and no national institution or government to
             | organize everything....
             | 
             | Nature abhors vacuums. Especially if those vacuums are easy
             | to fill.
             | 
             | What do you think will happen if Russia backs down?
             | 
             | Ukraine already borders 4 EU members (Romania, Hungary,
             | Slovakia, Poland).
        
           | denton-scratch wrote:
           | > It's hard to fathom any rational justification for this.
           | 
           | It can only be because they think that it's essential to
           | strike now; they think that if they leave it, terminal
           | decline is inevitable.
           | 
           | This is a military operation that's been planned for years;
           | by 'now', I mean 'this decade'. I imagine they saw the
           | European gas crisis as an opportunity, and one that would
           | slip away quickly if they didn't seize it. That's why it's
           | happened this spring.
           | 
           | That long column: that's mostly logistics for the planned
           | long siege of Kiev. I think those guys have barely begun.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | Cd00d wrote:
         | _suzerainty_
         | 
         | You can't just lob a hundred dollar word out like that! I spent
         | several moments trying to figure out what your typo was before
         | allowing the possibility that you didn't have one.
         | 
         |  _a relationship in which one state or other polity controls
         | the foreign policy and relations of a tributary state, while
         | allowing the tributary state to have internal autonomy_
        
           | rendall wrote:
           | Are the States of the US suzerains of the Federal government?
        
             | Bayart wrote:
             | The other way around. In feudal terms (where "suzerain"
             | belongs), the US States would be vassals to the US
             | governement.
        
             | phkahler wrote:
             | >> Are the States of the US suzerains of the Federal
             | government?
             | 
             | This word was new to me, but looking it up I wanted to say
             | "Yes" but have since changed to "no". Definition:
             | 
             | Suzerainty (American accent: soo-zer-en-tee) happens when a
             | country X has its own government but cannot act
             | independently because of a more powerful country Y. This
             | more powerful country Y is called the suzerain and can
             | usually control the foreign relations of X (how X interacts
             | with other countries).
             | 
             | When it comes to foreign policy in the US, it is mostly
             | handled at the federal level. States are more likely to
             | strike deals with foreign companies than foreign
             | governments. OTOH the federal government is not equivalent
             | to a distinct country and is made up of representatives
             | from the states.
             | 
             | One thing I don't like about the US system is that all our
             | representatives spend a huge amount of time in Washington
             | D.C., away from the people they "represent". And then the
             | lobbyists have a single destination to convince a lot of
             | people to support their stuff. It might be better if they
             | all stayed in their home states and handled congressing
             | electronically on zoom or something.
        
           | jihadjihad wrote:
           | It's an exquisite word. I too was ignorant of its existence
           | until I played Civilization VI, where you can become the
           | suzerain of a city-state.
        
             | Karsteski wrote:
             | I also only know the word suzerain from Civ VI haha.
             | Certainly learnt a lot more history and gained a lot more
             | interest in historical texts after playing Civ, far more so
             | than school ever did....
        
             | labster wrote:
             | I learned "revanchist" from Europa Universalis IV and it
             | has been a pretty useful word in the past week.
        
           | Nexxxeh wrote:
           | I assumed it was a word I didn't know, right-click Googled
           | it, and then TIL. It feels like a good choice of word.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | zh3 wrote:
           | Let's not lose sight of the points being made.
        
           | 8ytecoder wrote:
           | I bet OP plays Civilization.
        
           | sbmthakur wrote:
           | I would have done the same had I not played Civ 6.
        
           | brimble wrote:
           | It's basic vocabulary in poli-sci or international relations
           | studies or circles. Less obscure (in the context of those
           | fields) than much of the engineering, math, and computer nerd
           | jargon that gets thrown around on here regularly. Likely to
           | be encountered in adjacent fields, notably history. It's
           | about one small notch more obscure than the term "hegemony".
        
             | oblio wrote:
             | It could also be more common for non-native English
             | speakers, for example native speakers of Romance languages.
             | 
             | I'm reasonably sure we were taught about suzerainty
             | ("suzeranitate" in Romanian) during high school history
             | lessons.
        
               | brimble wrote:
               | It's definitely more a "college level" term in the US,
               | but very much _undergrad_ , if that makes sense. Good
               | chance someone who even minored in certain social science
               | fields will know it (decent odds they'll have employed it
               | on a written exam a time or three), plus most people who
               | just have a hobby-level but long-running interest in
               | those kinds of things. A good high school course might
               | expose students to the term, but I doubt it's common, at
               | least outside elite prep schools.
        
           | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
           | I hardly ever saw this word used in English, but in Russian
           | it is fairly common in historical texts.
        
           | caycep wrote:
           | Play more Civ 6! ;)
        
           | drBonkers wrote:
           | I tried to reduce that definition for readability: "suzerain
           | _noun_ : internally autonomous vassal state w/ externally
           | dominated foreign affairs."
           | 
           | What dictionary is your source of truth? I've been using
           | Webster [1] but I feel like there's probably a better option.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.merriam-webster.com/
        
           | marcodiego wrote:
           | In Portuguese there is the word "suzerano". It instantly
           | sounded similar to me.
        
           | mensetmanusman wrote:
           | suzerain (n.)
           | 
           | "sovereign, ruler," 1807, from French suzerain (14c., Old
           | French suserain), noun use of adjective meaning "sovereign
           | but not supreme,"
           | 
           | Sovereign but not supreme is a good way to remember it, it's
           | like a baby name of 'supreme' :)
        
             | Bayart wrote:
             | Using Anglo-Saxon etymons it would be "overlord", I guess.
        
           | pyuser583 wrote:
           | In foreign relations, the word is ambiguous.
           | 
           | For example, in early 20th (late 19th?) century, the UK
           | recognized the suzerainty of China over Tibet.
           | 
           | It basically meant "British India's borders end at the
           | Tibetan border, and we won't do business with anyone in the
           | Tibetan side of the border without running it by the Chinese
           | first."
           | 
           | Then in the early 21st Century the UK recognized the
           | sovereignty of China over Tibet in exchange for Chinese money
           | to some international orgs.
           | 
           | But all that happened was the British position became more
           | precise.
           | 
           | It's a compromise word to recognize the reality in the
           | ground, while kicking diplomatic issues down the road.
           | 
           | Parts of the modern day Indian/China border are referred to
           | as the "line of actual control."
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | Empires, puppet states, colonies, and territories are mostly
           | pre 20th century relics today, and we've lost the vocabulary
           | for talking about them. Pundits still throw those words
           | around, but mostly as exaggerations.
           | 
           | This is a 19th century war with 21st century weapons. It's
           | from the bad old days when various European states built
           | empires - the Austro-Hungarian Empire, the British Empire,
           | Imperial Russia, and the Imperial State of Germany. For most
           | of the 18th and 19th century, and up to WWI, there were wars
           | around the fringes of those empires. Not hugely destructive
           | ones, because nobody had enough firepower.
           | 
           | Putin seems to want to go back to that era. Not, as some
           | people think, to the USSR era. Read that accidentally posted
           | Russian victory press release.[1]
           | 
           | It's a good time to look at 19th century European history and
           | the runup to WWI. What's happening is all too similar.
           | 
           | [1] https://web.archive.org/web/20220226051154/https://ria.ru
           | /20...
        
             | pbourke wrote:
             | > This is a 19th century war with 21st century weapons.
             | 
             | And we hope that it doesn't turn into a 20th century war
             | with 21st century weapons.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | > This is a 19th century war with 21st century weapons.
             | 
             | Very little of the weapons involved are actually 21st
             | century. Most are 20th century.
        
               | AtlasBarfed wrote:
               | Depends on if MANPADS, TOW, and Drones become the
               | dominant forces of the battlefield.
        
         | tablespoon wrote:
         | > I speculate that Russian airforce weaponry is not generally
         | high-precision, and the order to avoid targeting civilians
         | implies restraint on use of indiscriminate bombing. Again,
         | we've seen counterexamples which could be explained by all of
         | the above reasons, plus the possibility of friendly fire from
         | failed Ukrainian air defences.
         | 
         | That doesn't explain this, though:
         | 
         | > Vastly outmatched by Russia's military, in terms of raw
         | numbers and firepower, Ukraine's own air force is still flying
         | and its air defenses are still deemed to be viable - a fact
         | that is baffling military experts.
         | 
         | > After the opening salvos of the war on Feb. 24, analysts
         | expected the Russian military to try to immediately destroy
         | Ukraine's air force and air defenses.
         | 
         | > That would have been "the logical and widely anticipated next
         | step, as seen in almost every military conflict since 1938,"
         | wrote the RUSI think-tank in London, in an article called "The
         | Mysterious Case of the Missing Russian Air Force."
         | 
         | > Instead, Ukrainian air force fighter jets are still carrying
         | out low-level, defensive counter-air and ground-attack sorties.
         | Russia is still flying through contested airspace.
         | 
         | ...
         | 
         | > Did they really launch this invasion on the assumption that
         | the people of Ukraine would just roll over and accept foreign
         | rule?
         | 
         | It seems like it. I've seen videos of captured Russians where
         | they claimed they were lied to and told the Ukrainians would
         | welcome them. IIRC, their invasion of Crimea wasn't met with
         | much resistance, and maybe they assumed it would be the same
         | this time.
         | 
         | Also, if they'd been faster they might have had more success.
         | I've seen reports that the Russian military has been acting in
         | risk-averse ways that gave the Ukrainians time to organize more
         | effective resistance.
        
           | scrubs wrote:
           | Perhaps Russia knowing it's military strategy would be on
           | full display for analysis decided to accept loss of men
           | and/or slower gains for not giving away how its planes would
           | perform?
        
             | symlinkk wrote:
             | This is my theory (disclaimer: I have no clue what I'm
             | talking about). They don't want to show all their cards to
             | the West.
        
               | sharikous wrote:
               | I thought like you but day by day I am more convinced
               | that their cards are visible and insufficient to secure a
               | victory anyway.
               | 
               | Everything from land forces, to the navy, to the air
               | force, to the intelligence, to the propaganda unit is
               | performing poorly.
               | 
               | And the West has exhibited superior intelligence and PR
               | by all means. The Ukrainian army is much better trained
               | and organized than expected (probably some Western help
               | in their training, or just the psychological hardening
               | caused by the conflict from 2014), and the population is
               | 100% hostile to the invasion.
        
           | jihadjihad wrote:
           | I agree, and it might be the case that since they lost any
           | element of surprise due to their moves being telegraphed by
           | Western intelligence, it greatly undermined any speed they
           | were hoping to make use of.
        
             | tablespoon wrote:
             | > I agree, and it might be the case that since they lost
             | any element of surprise due to their moves being
             | telegraphed by Western intelligence, it greatly undermined
             | any speed they were hoping to make use of.
             | 
             | It's unclear to me how much of that time Ukraine used to
             | prepare. If they did, they didn't telegraph it.
             | 
             | What I read was the Russian amphibious landing in the south
             | was done 30-40 miles away from the target city (or
             | kilometers, can't remember the unit). Apparently they
             | wanted the space to get organized. However that meant the
             | city had extra time to prepare _after_ the actual invasion
             | started.
        
               | anothernewdude wrote:
               | They were arming themselves with missiles and the Turkish
               | drones during that time.
        
         | trhway wrote:
         | >It seems that the Russian soldiers are making efforts to avoid
         | attacking civilians directly.
         | 
         | As a way of self-preservation. USSR lost 13K people in 10 years
         | of Afghanistan war. Russia has already lost 6K in 7 days of
         | Ukraine war. Ukrainians are fighting in whatever way they can
         | and tearing Russians a new one. Among the first questions they
         | ask Russian POWs is "Did you shoot?"
         | 
         | >I speculate that Russian airforce weaponry is not generally
         | high-precision,
         | 
         | Russia is running out of high precision weapons, and this one
         | of the reason of them starting to use older non high precision
         | weapons and thus corresponding rise in civilian hits (with the
         | other reason being is that they have already stricken most of
         | the military targets, and the Ukrainians resistance not only
         | didn't decrease, instead it grew tremendously, and so Russians
         | are moving onto non-military targets like civil government
         | offices, TV station, etc).
         | 
         | > Again, we've seen counterexamples which could be explained by
         | all of the above reasons, plus the possibility of friendly fire
         | from failed Ukrainian air defences
         | 
         | stay strong, don't fall for Putin's propaganda.
         | 
         | Wrt. the original article - Russia doesn't have much of new
         | hardware which it has been showcasing over the last years. Most
         | of Russian hardware like planes and armor are somewhat
         | modernized old USSR hardware, and even that mostly is not
         | working due to lacking parts, bad technical service, etc. Now
         | spread this over large territory as you can't leave airforce
         | say in Far East naked. So whatever Russia could have mustered
         | without severe impact to its overall military capability over
         | the whole territory was barely enough only for the originally
         | planned Blitzkrieg, and the Blitzkrieg has utterly failed.
        
         | e40 wrote:
         | _> Did they really launch this invasion on the assumption that
         | the people of Ukraine would just roll over and accept foreign
         | rule?
         | 
         | > Their options seems to be (a) beat a hasty retreat; (b)
         | impose a bloody total subjugation of the population; (c) face a
         | decades-long insurgency that will bleed them dry.
         | 
         | > We need to find a variant of (a) that allows Putin to save
         | face, because his default will be (b)._
         | 
         | This is precisely the conclusion I've come to.
         | 
         | I think the only (a) is give him some territory. That seems
         | unlikely. Perhaps retake all of Crimea and then give him part
         | of it?
         | 
         | I'm really worried about (b). I have 3 friends/coworkers there.
        
         | yks wrote:
         | This is a war of hatred towards Ukrainians from Putin.
         | Therefore he's both 1) not expecting resistance because enemies
         | are dehumanized and weak according to his worldview, 2)
         | probably ready to start genocide if enemies resist too much,
         | after all, Holodomor happened less than a century ago.
        
           | glogla wrote:
           | Reading his speech, both the one before the invasion and the
           | leaked one that was supposed to go up after victory confirms
           | this. Putins objective is genocide.
        
           | AlexandrB wrote:
           | My pet theory is that, in addition to (1), Putin believed his
           | own propaganda and thought that the Ukrainian people (and
           | even parts of the Ukrainian military) would welcome Russia
           | with open arms. This is somewhat backed up by Putin urging
           | the Ukrainian military to perform a coup on the second day of
           | the war[1].
           | 
           | [1] https://www.lbc.co.uk/news/putin-urges-ukraine-military-
           | to-o...
        
             | ashwagary wrote:
             | According to reports on French news channels, Zelenskyy is
             | considered a puppet by a large % of the population in
             | eastern Ukraine and they are welcoming a Russian invasion.
             | 
             | Years ago, I was also suprised to hear people in Crimea
             | celebrating post-Russian take over. This topic was never
             | covered (at least I had seen no mention) in American media
             | during the Crimean invasion.
        
               | sharikous wrote:
               | If you want to understand a topic you have to hear all
               | sides.
               | 
               | Yep there is substance in some Russian points
               | 
               | - Ukraine is, somewhat, artificial as a country (bear
               | with me) - In Crimea a lot of people celebrated the
               | takeover. The referendum was rigged but there was a
               | tangible popular support - In Donbass some people are not
               | really fans of the Ukrainian government. I know people
               | from Donetsk that prefer the Russians - People in Donbass
               | suffered from continuous shelling from Ukrainian forces
               | (I don't want to emphasize the "Nazi" affiliation of the
               | Azov brigade because it's a propaganda point but yes,
               | there have been incidents and civilians suffered).
               | Donbass reminds me of Hamas controlled Gaza Strip and I
               | can see both sides - Yes EU and the US pushed for
               | bringing Ukraine into the West and funded their people
               | there - There is definitely a very high level of
               | corruption in Ukraine, especially in the political
               | echelon. Some EU-friendly policies have been obtained by
               | corruption
               | 
               | That said I agree with most of the criticism of Putin's
               | regime too. And of course invading a country that is
               | becoming more democratic precisely because they want to
               | defend themselves from you is a crime.
               | 
               | And Ukraine is a bit artificial (not 100% artificial but
               | it's not a country with an established culture and
               | identity) but it's exactly those events, like this war,
               | that make it more and more real. The Ukrainian identity
               | is becoming stronger and stronger hour by hour.
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | It was widely reported that Crimea was mostly Russian
               | speaking and many there leaned pro-Russia, especially
               | around the referendum ( in the sense that the results
               | were obviously fake, but there was a kernel of truth).
               | 
               | And yes, many in Eastern Ukraine considered themselves
               | more Russian than Ukrainian. No more:
               | https://on.ft.com/35jWHzB
        
         | BaseballPhysics wrote:
         | > It seems that the Russian soldiers are making efforts to
         | avoid attacking civilians directly
         | 
         | This is my take as well.
         | 
         | The obvious contrast is their handling of Kiev versus how they
         | utterly flattened Grozny.
         | 
         | It's clear to me that in the early days Russia was hoping for a
         | quick and decisive win. They'd decapitate the government,
         | install a puppet regime, and then hope the public would roll
         | over.
         | 
         | That hasn't happened and we're now entering a much more bloody
         | phase of indiscriminate bombing/shelling of the civilian
         | population.
        
           | ethbr0 wrote:
           | > _... Grozny..._
           | 
           | The Russian Army didn't _initially_ flatten Grozny with
           | artillery either. It was only after a failed assault that
           | they switched to methodical urban destruction.
           | 
           | Which is why racheting up sanctions and worse ASAP is
           | important...
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Grozny_(1994%E2%80.
           | ..
        
           | kubav wrote:
           | Actually real attack on Kiev have not started yet. Ukrainians
           | probably deliberately let Russian army to get close to the
           | Kiev and than destroyed all supply convoys for Russian
           | vehicles.
           | 
           | I have this info from one of the journalist who were close to
           | Belarus border in the beginning of the invasion. First he
           | wrote article about how hopeless situation is because he rode
           | a few hours to Kiev before seeing first defense. But after
           | two days all the attacks on Kiev stopped so it probably was
           | smart strategy to make supply lines too long to defend them.
           | Even on Monday he reported that only shelling he saw was from
           | Ukrainian army.
        
         | tguvot wrote:
         | maybe they were avoiding in few first days, but gloves are off
         | now because they are failing to advance. planes are bombing
         | cities in residential areas (i have relatives in kharkiv).
         | heavy artillery, etc. there is footage that looks like footage
         | from WWII, of residential neighborhoods of apartment complexes
         | in rubble and half collapsed buildings on fire.
        
           | akimball wrote:
           | This is destroying Putin's legitimacy in Russia too
        
             | tguvot wrote:
             | nothing of it reported. use google translate to browse ria
             | ru
        
         | raducu wrote:
         | Let's face it, Russian airforce, russian army and russian
         | equipment suck, but are good enough in this situation.
         | 
         | The Emperor Putler has no clothes.
        
           | ashwagary wrote:
           | I've seen reports that Russia's only deployed 5-10% of their
           | forces. This might be a slow steady escalation to allow
           | evacuations of civilians and test the endurance of battalion
           | forces.
           | 
           | Any victories for Ukrainian forces may be short lived, as
           | Russia seems to be using this opportunity to guage hot and
           | cold zones.
        
         | notyourday wrote:
         | If want to avoid massive casualties among civilians, it is very
         | difficult to hit a Buk sitting between two buildings. One needs
         | to be pretty insane to use air force against targets until Buk
         | systems aren't destroyed.
        
         | Steltek wrote:
         | I figured it was that concerted civilian targeting will force
         | NATO to act. Or perhaps that the close ties between the two
         | countries is still somewhat able to override Putin's shitty
         | bloodthirsty instincts in some ways.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | I'm beginning to doubt that.
        
         | risyachka wrote:
         | >> and the order to avoid targeting civilians implies restraint
         | on use of indiscriminate bombing
         | 
         | they do not. Their policy is not pro-civilian at all. These are
         | facts that you can see on the streets, no fog of war here. They
         | are are bombing residential areas for DAYS without stopping.
         | And I know, my best friends are in Kyiv and Kharkiv how.
         | 
         | Also there was a missile strike on the railway in Kyiv where
         | people are evacuated. Civilian people.
         | 
         | Not sure why you think they are pro-civilian even on some
         | level.
        
           | hutzlibu wrote:
           | "Not sure why you think they are pro-civilian even on some
           | level. "
           | 
           | It is, when you compare it with syria or chechnya.
        
         | jacksonkmarley wrote:
         | > Their options seem to be (a) beat a hasty retreat; (b) impose
         | a bloody total subjugation of the population; (c) face a
         | decades-long insurgency that will bleed them dry.
         | 
         | maybe the plan is: d) cut ukraine in half, let a weaker and
         | beaten 'neutral' western Ukraine be the new NATO buffer, and
         | eastern Ukraine is annexed?
        
         | anothernewdude wrote:
         | > It seems that the Russian soldiers are making efforts to
         | avoid attacking civilians directly. Counterexamples exist and
         | could be explained by rogue units, incompetence, or hot-blooded
         | revenge on local resistance.
         | 
         | They're hitting a lot of hospitals and civilian infrastructure.
         | As per their typical operating procedures, c.f. Syria.
        
         | gamblor956 wrote:
         | _It seems that the Russian soldiers are making efforts to avoid
         | attacking civilians directly._
         | 
         | We must define "efforts" or "avoid" very differently. At the
         | very start of the invasion, there was a video of Russian tanks
         | deliberately trying to run over civilian cars.
        
           | hackinthebochs wrote:
           | The video I think you are referring to shows the tank
           | swerving to avoid incoming fire and (presumably accidentally)
           | running over a civilian car.
        
             | Steltek wrote:
             | So much is hard to verify but I think there's reason to
             | believe that the vehicle was Ukranian. It lacked the V Z
             | etc white letters and it was a lone anti-aircraft vehicle
             | wandering through the city, not something that's put right
             | on the battle line. Again, hard to know what's truth and
             | propaganda. Either way, that vehicle was fairly out of
             | control so regardless of who was driving it, I don't think
             | it was intentional.
        
             | unnouinceput wrote:
             | It was actually an accident. The tank was Ukrainian and the
             | driver had very poor visibility, hence the swerve on top of
             | civilian (70+ senior actually, that miraculously didn't got
             | any injury) car.
        
               | high_pathetic wrote:
               | Russian tank - deliberate run-over. Blast about it from
               | all media channels.
               | 
               | Oh, it's a Ukrainian tank. Pfft, it was in a accident,
               | let's not talk about it.
               | 
               | That's why I don't read/watch news, especially nowadays.
        
               | robbiep wrote:
               | I mean it's pretty hard to avoid the 'news' since just
               | about everything is a 'news' source these days, but it is
               | fairly easy to just assess the data provided and leave
               | the interpretation for more facts to arrive. Video: tank
               | runs over car. Gut reaction? Bit of horror, concern.
               | Judgement? Reserve
        
               | woah wrote:
               | Ukraine wouldn't be putting 70 year olds in tanks if it
               | wasn't being invaded in an unprovoked war by a much
               | larger neighbor (and no, the goal of punishing NATO for
               | not giving Russia a blank check to invade Ukraine by
               | invading Ukraine is not a valid provocation).
        
               | high_pathetic wrote:
               | 70+ year old was in the car, not in the tank.
        
           | MikeHolman wrote:
           | The civilian casualties are obviously tragic, but they are
           | not beyond the scale that we've seen in recent wars the US
           | has fought.
        
         | csense wrote:
         | Don't forget about option (d), try to kill everyone in Ukraine.
         | Less than 100 years have passed since Stalin attempted exactly
         | that, by killing all the farmers and selling all the food.
        
           | jihadjihad wrote:
           | It's hard to know what that would serve to accomplish,
           | considering it contradicts Putin's entire ethos for invading
           | in the first place: he fundamentally views Ukrainians as
           | culturally Russian, and wants to bring them back "into the
           | fold." His entire rhetoric is adamant about that--it's why he
           | uses words like genocide when talking about eastern Ukraine.
           | I can't see how (d), which in effect would be genocide, would
           | do anything but erode any possibility of support for the war
           | effort, considering the family ties to Ukraine held by
           | Russian nationals.
        
         | denton-scratch wrote:
         | > Did they really launch this invasion on the assumption that
         | the people of Ukraine would just roll over and accept foreign
         | rule?
         | 
         | I don't think it's that simple.
         | 
         | Sure, conscripts were told to expect a welcome in streets lined
         | with natives waving Russian flags. Maybe some in high command
         | even thought that was a possibility. But they have backup
         | plans; we've seen only the first click of the ratchet.
         | Escalate, pause; escalate, pause. This happened in Chechnya
         | too.
         | 
         | Putin didn't invent this approach. And Putin didn't invent the
         | idea that Ukraine is not a separate state, but a part of
         | Russia.
         | 
         | He's written history books, I gather; I might be interested in
         | reading one, but I suspect they're hard to get hold of just
         | now.
        
         | hgomersall wrote:
         | I still can't see how (b) doesn't still lead to (c). He needs
         | to control the security apparatus, and that means essentially
         | being an occupying force. It's not like the Ukrainians have not
         | already have their security trampled all over already, so the
         | usual limits on a popular uprising are gone already.
        
           | raducu wrote:
           | You have no idea about the darkness and effectiveness of
           | modern tyranny. Russia is pretty much North Korea in
           | democracy at this point or they will become so very soon.
           | 
           | Putin wants the sanctions to be over. His next move will be
           | to create devastation in Ukraine and hold civilians as
           | hostages for the lifting of the sanctions.
           | 
           | In anycase, Russia will controll South of Ukraine, link up
           | with Transnistria and even if they don't take Kyiev and don't
           | force Kyiev into peace negociations, the will secure such a
           | strong position that absolute control won't matter
        
             | sharikous wrote:
             | That's insightful and cynic. Possibly right too.
             | 
             | But why "modern tyranny"? Wars like that are not a
             | novelty... or is it about taking civilians as hostages?
        
         | vbezhenar wrote:
         | Ukraine population is brain washed by west propaganda. They'll
         | brain wash them with Russian propaganda and that's about it.
         | 
         | It's all about controlling the media.
        
       | milesdyson_phd wrote:
       | One thing I don't understand is Russia's opening missile salvos,
       | they barely even struck at the heart of the Ukrainian Air Force.
       | I guess you could theorize they didn't want to destroy that
       | infrastructure in the event that the Ukrainian government rolled
       | over, but that seems to have been a risky bet that is currently
       | playing out.
        
         | whimsicalism wrote:
         | > they barely even struck at the heart of the Ukrainian Air
         | Force
         | 
         | Keep in mind that media reports and reports from the Ukrainian
         | military are designed to minimize losses and boost morale.
         | 
         | I've seen quite a few videos of Ukrainian planes destroyed on
         | the tarmac and there isn't evidence for a significant Ukrainian
         | air presence anymore.
        
           | drran wrote:
           | We lost over 2000 civilians in last week on Ukraine-
           | controlled territory.
           | 
           | We don't need to bust moral after 8 years of war. It's not
           | possible to bust something 8 years straight. My FB is full of
           | <<killed by Russian>>, <<lost in fight>>, etc.
           | 
           | You spoke at behalf of Ukrainians, but you have zero
           | information from Ukraine. If you have facts, then list them,
           | please.
        
           | milesdyson_phd wrote:
           | Sorry, I didn't mean to imply they were unscathed.
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | Those videos are from a boneyard, they weren't active planes.
           | 
           | @oryxspioenkop has the most reliable confirmed info on
           | losses, as long as you can stand his love for Bayraktars.
        
         | tyho wrote:
         | I don't think RU has that many precision guided (cruise)
         | missiles. The tech for those, small GPS/GLONASS/TERCOM, is post
         | Soviet. My impression is that RU military capability kinda
         | froze after the Soviet Union collapsed, and what "modern" stuff
         | they do have is in very limited quantity.
        
       | Mountain_Skies wrote:
       | Just because the US is in love with 'Shock and Awe' doesn't mean
       | everyone else sees it as the appropriate methodology in all
       | circumstances.
        
         | bestnameever wrote:
         | I don't think it is just about shock and awe. It's about
         | controlling the airspace. Controlling the airspace has
         | advantages during conflict outside of bombing.
        
         | brimble wrote:
         | Modern militaries that don't like taking tons of unnecessary
         | losses on the ground are in love with controlling the air. It's
         | not like there's a wide variety of proven strategies and
         | countries just pick one that they're "in love" with--there's a
         | fairly narrow set, in these circumstances, which all look
         | pretty similar. It's definitely curious that Russia hasn't
         | committed to establishing and leveraging air superiority,
         | despite dedicating very substantial ground forces and _on
         | paper_ being entirely capable of doing so. One of the following
         | must be true:
         | 
         | 1) They do not believe they can, so are not trying.
         | 
         | 2) They believe they could, but are choosing not to.
         | 
         | 3) They tried, but, for some reason that's not currently clear
         | and isn't evident in battlefield losses, failed. (this is
         | probably the least likely and also the most grave--it suggests
         | severe problems with their command structure)
         | 
         | Whichever's the case, it's a real head-scratcher and is the
         | main reason this isn't going how most folks thought it would.
        
           | notahacker wrote:
           | I can imagine a considerable problem with the command
           | structure is that if you've got a war that forces are badly
           | prepared for and reluctant to fight in, you have to tread
           | much more carefully with the orders you give your small
           | number of highly trained (and relatively smart) pilots based
           | on home soil than your large number of dispensible conscript
           | troops you've driven into the conflict (or your gung ho
           | special forces). Easier for them to disobey, and much more
           | cause for alarm if they do, and no matter how dedicated they
           | are to following orders, there are fewer pilots and planes to
           | risk than armoured personnel carriers, artillery units and
           | dated tanks.
        
           | mywittyname wrote:
           | > it suggests severe problems with their command structure
           | 
           | This is what my money is on.
           | 
           | Sending ground forces in without establishing air superiority
           | is ludicrous, for reasons that we are seeing now. I guess we
           | have a good idea where the military coup will originate.
        
           | lumost wrote:
           | A combination of 1 & 3 seems highly likely in my uninformed
           | opinion. Economically, losing aircraft will make a war _very_
           | expensive _very_ quickly. Losing large numbers of top of the
           | line aircraft will severely harm Russian military aircraft
           | exports.
           | 
           | With Europe closing its airspace there aren't many valid
           | approach paths into Ukraine, or ways to get out of Ukraine
           | should things go south. Russia has few stealth aircraft. In
           | the 1991 gulf war, 60's era Soviet SA-2 missiles were able to
           | defend Baghdad against non-stealth aircraft despite weeks of
           | Suppression of Enemy Air Defenses(SEAD) strikes.
           | 
           | A MIG-29 costs ~20 million dollars new.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Package_Q_Strike
        
             | whatshisface wrote:
             | > _With Europe closing its airspace there aren 't many
             | valid approach paths into Ukraine_
             | 
             | Europe only contacts the western border. Russian aircraft
             | can approach from the north (Russia and Belarus), south
             | (Black Sea) and east (Russia).
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | I've often suspected that the F-35 was so expensive only a
             | handful could be built, and would not be risked in combat
             | because it was too expensive to replace.
        
               | mhh__ wrote:
               | The F-35 isn't _that_ expensive these days. It 's still a
               | huge amount of money to spend on something good for
               | nothing but war, insert your view here, but the price
               | isn't much different than the new F-16s being bought by
               | the Israelis.
               | 
               | That being said however stealth aircraft are not cheap to
               | maintain at all.
        
               | lumost wrote:
               | Curiously I wonder if a similar problem is occurring with
               | SA-400 missiles and other Russian air defenses. They may
               | be too expensive to shoot at low cost drones such as the
               | bayaktar.
        
         | boc wrote:
         | The US is "in love with Shock and Awe" because it worked
         | extremely well. Russia doesn't have the air power to pull it
         | off, which is why they are running a version of Deep War, but
         | without a second echelon to prevent their supply lines from
         | getting picked off.
         | 
         | In reality it appears that Russia had a big problem with "ghost
         | units" and rapidly tried to fill their invasion force with
         | conscripts in the weeks before the invasion began. It's why
         | we're seeing so many ill-equipped soldiers and awful tactics
         | where tanks/APCs are driving solo through fields.
        
           | nickkell wrote:
           | Worked well to what end exactly? They decimated the North
           | Korean population and made an eternal enemy out of them. They
           | fought insurgents for 20 years in Iraq and Afghanistan.
           | 
           | I assume that Russia doesn't want the same result in a
           | neighbouring country.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | Russia absolutely has the air power to pull it off, you
           | clearly haven't seen Syria.
           | 
           | My guess is that they have, correctly, anticipated that mass
           | casualties of white civilians would play very badly
           | internationally and domestically.
           | 
           | e: I'm downvoted.. for what? It's obvious that the ethnicity
           | of the victim matters for both domestic and international
           | perception, all you need to do is look at a bit of media
           | coverage of reporters bemoaning that this is happening to
           | "blue eyed, blond haired" people or in the "civilized world."
           | There is a different standard for what sort of casualties are
           | considered acceptable.
        
             | oh_sigh wrote:
             | I downvoted you because this line of logic is deployed, I
             | believe, by race obsessed westerners who are privately
             | fuming that a shooting war has sidelined their culture war
             | for a few weeks. "Don't forget about me and the things I
             | care about!"
             | 
             | Just because a talking head or two makes those claims does
             | not mean it is all of the sudden the truth. If Russia was
             | worried about the looks of white civilian casualties, they
             | wouldn't have invaded Ukraine. By the way, how many news
             | reporters _didn 't_ make the claim that people only care
             | about this because blue eyed/blonde haired people are
             | involved?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | SyzygistSix wrote:
               | Regardless of race, plenty of people have brought up that
               | this is about as popular to many Russians as the US
               | invading Canada would be.
        
               | oh_sigh wrote:
               | I agree, but that is a completely different point than
               | "The western world only cares about this conflict because
               | the victims have blue eyes and blonde hair"
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | But if you compare the outrage about what was happening
               | in Syria (or Iraq or Afghanistan) to the outrage now, we
               | clearly are at a very different level. It can't be
               | because the Russian are acting so much more ruthlessly
               | now.
        
               | oh_sigh wrote:
               | If you have a theory to explain a set of facts, pointing
               | to the set of facts as an implicit justification for your
               | theory does not logically follow.
               | 
               | Maybe Westerners care more about the Ukrainian situation
               | because Ukraine was by and large a peaceful, lawful
               | country until the war started. Do you think the western
               | response would have been a little different if there was
               | a pre-existing civil war in Ukraine, and Russia stepped
               | in to try to turn the tide for one of the factions?
        
             | coughupalung wrote:
             | It seems like you're trying to shoe-horn in an entirely
             | different point? How does maintaining air supremacy as a
             | military tactic relate to mass casualties?
        
               | MiroF wrote:
               | You can't destroy anti-aircraft guns located in civilian
               | areas without killing civilians.
        
         | ertian wrote:
         | It's not necessarily about 'Shock and Awe' attacks on Ukrainian
         | targets, though. They're also allowing drone and aircraft
         | attacks on their tanks, troops, and supply chains. You would
         | expect the Russian air force to be seeking air superiority and
         | providing support to their troops.
        
         | josefresco wrote:
         | From the article...
         | 
         | "That would have been "the logical and widely anticipated next
         | step, as seen in almost every military conflict since 1938,"
         | wrote the RUSI think-tank in London"
        
           | jcranmer wrote:
           | From the development of air power theory a century ago, it's
           | been widely held that strategic bombing of civilian targets
           | is one of the best ways to quickly end a war. The actual
           | failure of strategic bombing to end wars quickly every time
           | it's been tried notwithstanding.
        
             | boc wrote:
             | The Japanese surrender in WWII due to sustained strategic
             | bombing of civilian cities without a single troop landing
             | in mainland Japan is a clear contradiction to this take.
        
               | thatguy0900 wrote:
               | If Russia nuked Ukraine they might win the war on
               | Ukraine, sure. Japan didn't even quit until there were
               | two though. Would they have quit with no nukes and just
               | firebombing?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | thg wrote:
               | Japan didn't surrender because of anything the US did,
               | but because Russia declared war on them (two days after
               | Hiroshima and a day before Nagasaki).
               | 
               | The US may just as well have dropped 10 more nukes and it
               | wouldn't have changed anything. The Japanese didn't care
               | whether it took a 1.000 bombs to destroy a city or a
               | single one. Even more so, since they didn't know anything
               | about the radioactive fallout and long-term effects. To
               | them, it was just a bigger bomb.
        
               | jcranmer wrote:
               | It's not a clear contradiction; it's one of only two
               | cases that are arguable (the other one being NATO bombing
               | of Serbia during the dissolution of Yugoslavia).
               | 
               | It's noted that it's not clear how much the atomic
               | bombings influenced the decision to surrender, versus the
               | near-simultaneous declaration of war by the USSR on
               | Japan. Furthermore, by the time Japan surrendered, it was
               | clear that Japan had already _thoroughly_ lost. Recall
               | that similar bombing campaigns against the UK (Battle of
               | Britain) and Germany utter failed to bring those nations
               | any closer to surrender.
               | 
               | In any case, compared to the actual theorists like Giulio
               | Douhet who were, before World War II, arguing that
               | attacking cities would cause the will of the nations to
               | collapse before they fully mobilized, the actual results
               | fell far short of the theorists.
        
               | mywittyname wrote:
               | > It's noted that it's not clear how much the atomic
               | bombings influenced the decision to surrender,
               | 
               | My understanding is that communications between Hirohito
               | and Stalin indicate that Japan was attempting to begin
               | negotiation of a total surrender after Midway and that
               | Truman's diary eludes to this moment. The main argument
               | I've seen to contradict this is that they don't believe
               | Japan wasn't actually going to accept a full surrender at
               | this point.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | We've got a sample size of one for "conflicts ended via
               | nuclear explosions", though.
        
       | adventured wrote:
       | The West should be offering ~$5 million per Russian jet that
       | defects, along with EU citizenship.
       | 
       | The US should put up a billion dollars for the program to get it
       | started. Land the jets in NATO territory.
       | 
       | Let's put troop loyalty to the test and see if we can't drain
       | some of their best hardware.
       | 
       | We're not allowed to attack Russia directly so let's plunder
       | them. Our leaders are not being nearly creative enough in this
       | situation.
        
         | Anechoic wrote:
         | _The West should be offering ~$5 million per Russian jet that
         | defects, along with EU citizenship._
         | 
         | Skeptical that would be effective for two reasons:
         | 
         | 1. Pilots that have family back home probably won't be eager to
         | take the offer
         | 
         | 2. Russia has shown no qualms about targeted assassinations in
         | foreign lands.
        
           | axiosgunnar wrote:
           | You might be right, but here are some counterarguments:
           | 
           | > 1. Pilots that have family back home probably won't be
           | eager to take the offer
           | 
           | Russia has not been known to do North-Korea-style family
           | executions (so far)
           | 
           | > 2. Russia has shown no qualms about targeted assassinations
           | in foreign lands.
           | 
           | Russia might be too weak after all this is over to still have
           | these capabilities.
           | 
           | Time will tell!
        
         | mrlonglong wrote:
         | Why not sell Ukraine some of these nice B52 planes to seek and
         | destroy convoys on the ground ?
        
           | gvb wrote:
           | MIG-29s which they are already flying, not B-52s which are
           | useless to them.
           | 
           | The deal fell apart, however.
           | 
           | https://newlinesmag.com/reportage/is-poland-sending-
           | fighter-...
        
             | 988747 wrote:
             | This is a kind of Catch 22 situation with how to deliver
             | those MIG-29s:
             | 
             | If a Polish pilot flies it to Ukraine, Russia will consider
             | that an act of war, and possibly start bombarding Poland.
             | If Ukrainian pilot comes to Poland and takes off from a
             | Polish airport then again: that is an act of war.
             | 
             | The only possibility to deliver them without joining the
             | war against Russia seems to be to disassemble those MIGs
             | and send them by train/truck.
        
               | gpm wrote:
               | Ukraine just yesterday flew a MIG-29 back from Romania,
               | unarmed and escorted to the border by Romania jets/from
               | the border by armed Ukranian jets. No-one seems concerned
               | that that's an act of war.
        
               | 988747 wrote:
               | No one seems concerned, except the NATO Secretary General
               | who rushed to Poland specifically to stop Polish
               | President, Andrzej Duda from lending Polish jet fighters:
               | 
               | https://news.yahoo.com/no-eu-countries-
               | aren-t-233404478.html
               | 
               | Also, that one jet that flew from Romania was flying
               | BACK, because it already belonged to Ukraine, just had an
               | emergency landing in Romania for some unknown reason:
               | https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-
               | zone/44514/su-27-returning-...
        
               | gpm wrote:
               | The argument that _you_ are making is that  "Allowing to
               | use the military infrastructure, such as an airport is an
               | act of war". How in the world is letting a Ukranian jet
               | land and take off at an airport making less use of that
               | airport, than giving Ukraine a jet and only letting it
               | take off from the airport?
        
               | 988747 wrote:
               | Well, we don't know the whole story, but the fact that it
               | was Ukrainian jet, not a gift, could matter a lot. Those
               | things aren't strict rules, it is all based on perception
               | by both sides. Sending 70 fighters, as EU planned, or
               | allowing them to operate freely from Polish airports
               | would anger Russia much more. Which apparently isn't
               | something NATO is willing to do right now.
               | 
               | EDIT: the fact that the jet was Ukrainian gives Romania
               | plausible deniability - they can always say that the
               | pilot wanted to fight, and took the jet against their
               | will :)
        
               | chasd00 wrote:
               | this is the shit that will kill all of us. I feel like
               | avoiding a larger conflict overflowing more borders is
               | going to require perfect decision making. What you linked
               | to is not perfect decision making.
        
               | older wrote:
               | All EU countries started supplying arms to Ukraine. If it
               | is a plane or anti-tank missile makes no difference.
        
               | 988747 wrote:
               | Sending supplies is just business, no different from
               | selling food. Allowing to use the military
               | infrastructure, such as an airport is an act of war. It
               | might seem weird to you, but that's how Russia would
               | paint it.
        
               | older wrote:
               | Russia does not need to paint anything. When they need
               | any excuse they just fabricate some more lies. As we've
               | seen many times already.
        
               | mrlonglong wrote:
               | If we can supply by road and trains without being drawn
               | into a wider conflict, then it should be possible to send
               | by air.
        
       | bryananderson wrote:
       | From what I can gather from a week of obsessively following
       | military experts' explanations of the conflict, there seem to be
       | two main factors at play.
       | 
       | One is the Russian choice of overall military tactics, which is
       | derived from their political goals. While we can't know exactly
       | what it is, we can assume that Russia plans to impose some sort
       | of political settlement on Ukraine (could be anything from puppet
       | government to partition to annexation). Whatever this settlement
       | is, Russia needs more than Zelenskyy's (or some Quisling's)
       | signature on the dotted line: Russia very much needs at least the
       | grudging acquiescence of the Ukrainian military, state apparatus,
       | and general public. Without this acquiescence, Russia will be
       | tied down indefinitely in counterinsurgency and "state building"
       | with an unsustainable cost in manpower, money, and probably
       | blood. To prevent this outcome, Russia initially tried to bypass
       | most cities and focus on rapidly taking Kyiv and Kharkiv with
       | minimal destruction. Hence the (initial) minimal aerial bombing
       | and the various failed tactics such as yeeting paratroopers into
       | airfields with no backup and sending light vehicles on Leroy
       | Jenkins thunder runs into Kyiv and Kharkiv. Needless to say this
       | plan did not succeed. So now Russia has a choice: ratchet up the
       | destruction and try to grind Ukrainian defenses down, or fold and
       | get out to avoid the long-term quagmire, which might eventually
       | endanger Putin's political survival at home. Problem is, folding
       | would be a major show of weakness for Putin, which could also
       | endanger his political survival at home. So far, we are beginning
       | to see an intensification of shelling of cities, indicating that
       | he is not folding. If this continues, Ukraine should expect to
       | see more bombing from the Russian Air Force (coupled with more
       | shelling from artillery).
       | 
       | The second factor seems to be the prevalence of portable air-
       | defense systems (MANPADs, such as Stinger missiles) in the
       | Ukrainian military. These systems are much harder to find and
       | eliminate than larger anti-air weapons like the Buk or S-300, to
       | say nothing of fixed-location air defense systems. MANPADs are
       | also cheap--much much cheaper than military aircraft. So it
       | becomes an expensive proposition to use aircraft at low altitude
       | for missions like ground support. With MANPADs continuing to flow
       | to Ukraine from friendly governments, this factor does not appear
       | likely to change any time soon. So while Ukraine may see more
       | high-altitude bombing as Putin intensifies the destruction, the
       | Russian Air Force might remain leery of conducting some types of
       | aerial operations.
        
         | csee wrote:
         | Do you think Putin wants to find a negotiated solution right
         | now, or he's still all-in on the outcome?
        
           | redisman wrote:
           | I guess he could ask the admin to resign and bring back the
           | old president but I'm not sure what the chances of short term
           | success there would be
        
       | zmmmmm wrote:
       | It makes me wonder if the best deterrence (and perhaps that is
       | the psyops being exercised here) to Putin is to threaten the
       | external (and perhaps internal?) perception of Russia's military
       | might. If other nations generally start to perceive that Russia
       | isn't able to competently or effectively exercise its military
       | then that is a much bigger strategic loss than some sanctions.
       | 
       | It will quickly make the option of negotiating a treaty and
       | taking any small face saving win as a symbolic success look far
       | more attractive than appearing impotent and incompetent and
       | unable to even control a nation directly on its own borders.
        
       | tus666 wrote:
       | I think this misses the point entirely. It's their entire
       | strategy, or lack of strategy that is in question.
       | 
       | Small numbers of light vehicles entering towns they have not
       | overcome...are then promptly destroyed by irregular Ukrainian
       | forces often with improvised weapons.
       | 
       | Seemingly trying to take large cities without first gaining and
       | controlling ground and surrounding areas.
       | 
       | Lack of attempts to destroy strategic infrastructure at the
       | beginning - e.g. TV/broadcast, communications, bridges, rail, etc
       | - using cruise missiles or whatever.
       | 
       | Unclear objectives - are they really trying to actually take Kiev
       | or just force Ukraine into submission?
       | 
       | Effective use of an air-force is pointless without dealing with
       | the above issues and more.
        
         | saiya-jin wrote:
         | I _think_ the reason was, we just waltz into Kyev, get greeted
         | as saviors and liberators, maybe shoot Zelenskyy and his circle
         | in the head by mistake, or just make them disappear, install
         | another friendly ruler (collaborator would be more appropriate,
         | like Kadyrov in Chechnya) and Ukraine will be part of Russia
         | within next few years, or end up as slave without any real
         | autonomy like Belarus.
         | 
         | If that's the case, industry mostly in the east would serve
         | much better untouched, same for rest of infrastructure. Why
         | destroy & rebuild when you get it for free and can start
         | draining the country immediately. Bear in mind Russia has huge
         | demographic problems just around the corner, and smart people
         | were running away in droves long before this.
         | 
         | All this - truly, hardcore naive. In whole eastern Europe
         | currently busy with refugees efforts, and whole nations would
         | rather risk death than be once again enslaved by them, the
         | memories are still rather fresh.
         | 
         | That Russia's foreign actions are (rightfully in this and many
         | other cases) hated as much as Hitler wasn't something
         | leadership could grok in any way. They keep peddling these
         | bigger Russia tales while calling in 10,000 muslim killers from
         | Chechnya on what they claim brotherly slavic nation. You can't
         | fail more morally in the eyes of other slavs.
         | 
         | I can't be objective in this topic due to coming from this
         | oppressed region, and tyrant evil persona like Putin doesn't
         | deserve it. Yes there are many, less powerful people like him.
         | I would love to see them be disposed of, stripped away from
         | wealth and power for good. Till now it was a pipe dream, same
         | as watching some narco-baron enjoying his wealth while slowly
         | killing everybody. Now there is at least hope that things may
         | change, and maybe even permanently, at least a bit. And hope is
         | a powerful thing.
        
           | selimthegrim wrote:
           | There was a hue and cry about Ukrainians dipping bullets into
           | salo but seeing as the Chechens got droned by Bayraktars it
           | seems like the Turks don't mind whatever treatment the drones
           | are getting.
        
             | redisman wrote:
             | Why would they? The Turkish economy is in shambles and this
             | is amazing PR for their arms manufacturing. I'd imagine
             | those drones will be sold out for years to come
        
             | saiya-jin wrote:
             | Chechens have truly horrible reputation in east/central
             | Europe, picture ISIS but worse. There is absolutely no
             | sympathy to them, thanks to what they showed in Syria
             | fighting for the same guy. I am surprised they are actually
             | taking some of them as prisoners.
        
           | vintermann wrote:
           | > Why destroy & rebuild when you get it for free and can
           | start draining the country immediately.
           | 
           | Also, assuming any of the responsible thought about this
           | beforehand at all (which IS an assumption), they probably
           | expected further economic sanctions of SOME sort from
           | invading. Rebuilding costs money. Rebuilding things like
           | high-tech fighter aircraft costs truly ridiculous amounts of
           | money. There were plenty of reasons they would have hoped to
           | be able to do this all on a modest budget.
        
             | jopsen wrote:
             | > There were plenty of reasons they would have hoped to be
             | able to do this all on a modest budget.
             | 
             | Indeed NATO certainly expected Ukrainians to just
             | surrender.
             | 
             | Which is probably why they didn't get a no-fly-zone,
             | strategic ambiguity, or other things like that from the US
             | and friends.
        
               | pydry wrote:
               | That might have had more to do with the threat of nuclear
               | war.
               | 
               | The west isnt going to sacrifice itself to save kyiv.
        
               | jopsen wrote:
               | > That might have had more to do with the threat of
               | nuclear war
               | 
               | It's not clear we would have risked nuclear war by
               | selling discounted cruise missiles to Ukraine.
               | 
               | But the Ukrainians might have used them prematurely, or
               | surrendered without a fighting chance.
               | 
               | Or the US could have just deployed 50k troops to Poland
               | and said "we might interfer in Ukraine". Then Putin might
               | never have invaded.
               | 
               | Instead the US said, they would not interfere.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Indeed NATO certainly expected Ukrainians to just
               | surrender.
               | 
               | NATO expected (and AFAICT, still expects) Ukraine to be
               | defeated if Putin attacked and wasn't dissuaded by the
               | resulting sanctions from pressing the attack. I don't
               | think they were expected to just surrender.
        
         | mNovak wrote:
         | Destroying bridges, rail, etc would be a huge mistake (beside
         | maybe those leading west to NATO), as the current logistic
         | challenges underscore. The initial blitz did target radars and
         | airports (strategic infrastructure) to try to get air
         | superiority, after which many more options become available.
         | But that didn't play out. We're seeing now a transition to
         | siege tactics; surround and generally make life miserable.
        
           | Skunkleton wrote:
           | Of course now Russia is itself under economic siege. This
           | doesn't seem like a winning approach for Russia.
        
         | darkarmani wrote:
         | I agree with you.
         | 
         | >Small numbers of light vehicles entering towns they have not
         | overcome...trying to take large cities without first gaining
         | and controlling ground and surrounding areas.
         | 
         | This was our strategy in Iraq -- highly mobile warfare. Marines
         | sprinting ahead in humvees without armor. it created massive
         | confusion and misunderstanding on where our thrust was - i
         | think it tied up enemy resources outside of Baghdad or
         | something. But in the long run, not capturing enemies or
         | pacifying the areas in-between caused a lot of heartburn later;
         | let alone the looting and lawlessness from leaving power
         | vacuums everywhere. (humanitarian fail)
         | 
         | Some massive differences were air superiority, night vision,
         | and disruption of enemy coordination. They could call-in
         | airstrikes anytime there was a threat of armor or mortar fire.
         | Generation Kill is a really good series showing this (it seemed
         | like madness until i watched "The Pacific").
        
         | rodgerd wrote:
         | > It's their entire strategy, or lack of strategy that is in
         | question.
         | 
         | So, bearing mind that I'm just shitposting on the Internet and
         | have no military expertise, I do think that they had a
         | strategy; based on the automated release of articles 4 days
         | after the start of the invasion which declared that Putin had
         | provided the "final solution to the Ukrainian problem", they
         | really expected it to be over in four days.
         | 
         | Bear in mind that:
         | 
         | 1. Ukraine has different groups with different mother tongues,
         | like Switzerland or Belgium. The east has a lot of people who
         | grow up speaking Russian as their home language. 2. They landed
         | paratroops at key airports across Ukraine on day 1. 3. Ukraine
         | government has claimed they've found significant numbers of
         | special forces disguised as Ukrainians on the first few fays.
         | 4. The large body of conventional forces invading on day one.
         | 
         | I would guess - completely "guy on the Internet" mind you -
         | that what the strategy was is that the paratroops would get a
         | beachhead and destroy the air force, that they and the special
         | forces would hunt down and murder or capture all the key
         | Ukrainian millitary and government officials in the first few
         | days.
         | 
         | Meanwhile the conventional forces in the east would be "greeted
         | as liberators", to borrow an American phrase, by Russian-
         | speaking Ukrainians, who would provide food and fuel.
         | Reinforcements would be flown into captured airfields. Chechen
         | terror units would be used against serious resisters.
         | 
         | By the fourth day, Ukrainian resistance would be a disorganised
         | shambles of cut-off government units, show trials of any
         | captured members of the Ukrainian government could start so
         | they could tell a little story about how the Jewish Ukrainian
         | president was actually a baby-eating Nazi, and Putin could
         | laugh off any attempts to complain as meaningless.
         | 
         | The paratroops were captured or killed, the Ukrainian air force
         | kept flying or escaped to friendly countries (and are now
         | returning), the alleged special forces got nowhere near the
         | Ukrainian government, and Russian-speaking Ukrainians have been
         | telling Russian troops to go away. The Chechen terror units
         | appear to have been killed en masse.
        
           | koonsolo wrote:
           | As another shitposter, I agree.
           | 
           | I think they started to believe their own lies. Like a
           | feedback loop from Putin to below, and then the same things
           | going up again. Putin gets advised in a world created by his
           | own lies.
        
         | UltraViolence wrote:
         | It's not a lack of strategy, merely an expression of that a
         | soldier's life isn't worth sh*t in Russia.
         | 
         | These young enlisted conscripts are nothing but cannon fodder
         | with their superiors hoping they can get off a shot or two
         | before they're killed.
         | 
         | Pilots, being officers, are another matter entirely. I remember
         | this Kamov Ka-40 helicopter had the ability to blow off its
         | blades to enable the pilot to bail out with an ejection seat.
         | There's nothing remotely like it in the U.S. arsenal.
        
           | oneoff786 wrote:
           | Yeah but those hundreds of paratroopers being shot down in
           | unsupported skies are important too.
        
       | morganslaw wrote:
       | I wonder if there is significant cyber attacks on Russian
       | military infrastructure that is slowing them down?
        
         | UncleOxidant wrote:
         | I doubt their military infrastructure is as dependent on the
         | internet as ours may be.
        
       | sAbakumoff wrote:
       | It's an internal resistance conducted by the military. In the
       | coming days I would expect a coup, Putin's arrest(or worse), the
       | new administration, end of war.
        
         | SyzygistSix wrote:
         | I also wondered if coming up with enough pilots who were
         | willing, or they could trust not to defect, was an issue.
         | Offering $5 million per plane is a great idea.
        
         | xtian wrote:
         | Willing to put money on that?
        
           | sAbakumoff wrote:
           | I think it's immoral to bet on people's lives.
        
         | xutopia wrote:
         | I seriously doubt that this would pan out. I think Putin is
         | definitely losing support internally but the fear is still very
         | much present. All of his political opponents are either
         | imprisoned, exiled or dead. Some are even exiled and dead.
         | 
         | No one wants to lose their life going against someone so
         | ruthless knowing they could lose their life... or their loved
         | ones.
        
           | sAbakumoff wrote:
           | Russian history knows many examples of coups conducted by
           | people from the inner circle of dictators, starting from Paul
           | I in 1801 and ending with two coups in 1991 and 1993.
           | 
           | So, taking down putin from within is a plausible event.
        
       | viktorcode wrote:
       | I think I have the answer.
       | 
       | 2008, Georgia. Russian Air Force loses at least 9 aircraft.
       | Georgian minuscule airforce remained grounded. The losses are
       | considered catastrophic inside Russian military command, and
       | overall performance of Air Force was appraised as the worst among
       | branches of military forces.
       | 
       | In 2010s there's a string of assassinations happen in Ukraine and
       | Bulgaria. Different people are targeted, from ex-military to
       | weapon mogul Gebrev. What connects them? They all were part of
       | the weapon sales chain that provided Georgia with anti-air
       | defences. Bizarrely, Russian state media is openly accusing some
       | of the victims in doing exactly this: selling anti-air weapons to
       | Georgia.
       | 
       | Clearly, a vendetta is taking place. Killing those people
       | wouldn't do anything positive for whatever future Russia was
       | planning. And since the story starts with military campaign and
       | ends with undercover hits, it must be Putin behind this, as he's
       | the only person in command of both military and special forces
       | committing the murders.
       | 
       | Syria. Russian Air Force enters the fray. But unlike Assad's they
       | are flying their ground attack planes pretty high, way above
       | range of manpads that are responsible for thinning out Syrian Air
       | Force. Clearly, avoidance is put above target precision. Later, a
       | single Russian aircraft is downed by Turkish defence. The
       | relations between countries are soured, but only for a while.
       | 
       | What can we conclude? For whatever reason Putin hates losses in
       | air force. Specifically, in military planes (it seems Russian
       | helicopters aren't enjoying that privilege). I can't presume what
       | this reason might be. But Putin's actions over the last 15 years
       | seem to fit the narrative.
        
         | jopsen wrote:
         | I guess planes are expensive. Maybe, it's cheaper to use
         | conscripts and leftover tanks from the soviet era.
        
       | UltraViolence wrote:
       | I'd have thought that Russia would have air superiority by now,
       | but it seems they don't.
       | 
       | Ukraine doesn't use its air power wisely, because I'd think that
       | 60km long convoy would be a juicy target, ripe for the picking.
       | The Russians probably have Buks and S-400 SAMs lined up all over
       | the place to protect the convoy.
        
         | csee wrote:
         | I believe they do have air superiority, just not air supremacy.
        
         | ProjectArcturis wrote:
         | The convoy is likely stationary but well-defended. And, more
         | importantly, appears to have already been stopped. Ukraine will
         | use its limited resources to attack easier or more critical
         | targets.
        
       | maratc wrote:
       | I think that Russia may have a two-prong strategy: either make
       | sure Ukraine is not joining NATO, or make sure that Ukraine that
       | joins NATO is completely wrecked.
       | 
       | In the alternative reality, where Ukraine promises _tomorrow_ not
       | to join NATO (ever), the Russian targets for this war may be
       | considered achieved, and everyone could simply go home, probably
       | throwing in a couple billions deal for Ukraine recovery. This
       | would be the best outcome for everyone. But this will not happen
       | tomorrow.
       | 
       | If this won't happen _at all_ , the Russians can always wreck
       | Ukraine later, and this is where their air force may play part.
       | 
       | In short, I think the Russians are showing some restraint, for
       | now, to make sure the quick outcome still can happen.
        
         | tapas73 wrote:
         | problem is - its either nato or russian puppet (e.g. russia
         | would force ukraine to invade moldova)
        
         | vkou wrote:
         | I doubt that Russian demands about NATO are in good faith. It's
         | hard to believe that the goal of this invasion was to prevent
         | encirclement, given how Finland and Sweeden's reactions were
         | completely predictable.
         | 
         | I think the goal was annexation. The demands put out right now
         | are intentionally unreasonable, but even if they were met, it
         | would not stop the fighting.
        
           | maratc wrote:
           | OTOH we don't have any evidence of Russia having any beef
           | with either Georgia or Ukraine, up to 2008 NATO Bucharest
           | summit, where NATO announced that Ukraine and Georgia would
           | be accepted as members. Georgia was wrecked in half a year
           | after that, and Ukraine since 2014, since the Orange
           | Revolution.
           | 
           | The annexation argument came after the fact.
        
             | kspacewalk2 wrote:
             | The Orange Revolution was in 2004. The one in 2013-2014
             | started with Russia pushing their semi-friendly semi-puppet
             | Ukrainian president to abandon an association agreement
             | with the EU. He pursued that agreement quite vigorously
             | until mid 2013, when derailing it could have been quite
             | easy (stop a few laws from passing, or don't sign them, or
             | put poison pills into them that won't be acceptable to the
             | EU and wrangle over wording for years, etc). Maybe he also
             | believed Russia only cares about NATO, but EU is fine.
             | Anyway, eventually Putin told him in no uncertain terms to
             | do a 180, which he did. The protests that followed
             | eventually escalated into him trying and failing to assume
             | dictatorial powers, ordering a slaughter of ~100
             | protesters, and promptly fucking off into the dustbin of
             | history.
             | 
             | So it's not really about NATO, per se.
        
               | tapas73 wrote:
               | see also: Belarus (russia stopped quite pro russian, but
               | democratic opposition)
        
           | dathinab wrote:
           | There seem to also be natural gas reserves in the sea west of
           | Crimea.
           | 
           | If Ukrain joins NATO Russia would not be able to hold onto
           | Crimea and could become a Petrol state.
           | 
           | With renewables replacing part of the Gas energy demand long
           | term (10/15y) this could mean that Ukrain could replace all
           | Gas imports previously done from Russia. At the same time a
           | modern and well-working Ukrain could influence Russia (as a
           | unintended side-effect) in a destabilizing way (anti-
           | authoritarian Government movements).
           | 
           | So if my info is correct a stable NATO Ukrain could, in a
           | decade or so, lead to a situation where Russia is making very
           | little money, no longer being able to afford much military
           | besides for self-defense usage. That there is also a
           | shrinking populating constantly reducing the amount of
           | "potential soldiers" isn't helping. Neither is helping that a
           | lot of middle tier and upper middle tier Russians have left
           | Russia in the last many years (I think, not 100% sure), this
           | reduces the chance for economical growth through new
           | businesses.
           | 
           | If all of this is true (I'm not sure) then Putin might
           | believe that they have to either take over or majorly
           | destabilize Ukrain if Russia like it's currently is want to
           | continue to exists. (This doesn't mean it would disappear,
           | but it would need to change likely at the cost of the current
           | oligarchs.)
        
       | michael1999 wrote:
       | I'd be worried that any un-married fighter pilots might just
       | defect. A quick run to Poland, and you're done.
        
         | burntoutfire wrote:
         | The Ukrainians borders are closed for all men in fighting age
         | (18-60). They're forced to stay in the country.
        
         | dathinab wrote:
         | I don't think Russia would let you take the jet with you.
         | 
         | I mean whatever their situation is, I'm pretty sure they still
         | can assassinate defecting pilots. And I'm pretty sure the
         | pilots know.
        
           | wewtyflakes wrote:
           | You would think so, but perhaps not!
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Belenko
        
           | jopsen wrote:
           | Isn't it only senior intelligence officers and the likes that
           | they care to assassinate?
        
       | farseer wrote:
        
         | watwut wrote:
         | The war is already in the indiscriminate killing phase and
         | moving towards just destroy city phase. Should be there in few
         | days.
         | 
         | Slav fellowship does not work in wars. No fellowship works in
         | wars.
        
           | jeffreyrogers wrote:
           | > Slav fellowship does not work in wars. No fellowship works
           | in wars.
           | 
           | Historically combatants have treated their opponents
           | differently based on race and existing cultural attitudes.
           | Don't see why it would be any different this time around.
        
             | Banana699 wrote:
             | >Historically combatants have treated their opponents
             | differently based on race and existing cultural attitudes
             | 
             | Huh? when have that ever been true? European religious wars
             | have been huge bloodsheds, communist regimes routinely
             | genocided their own (often quite homogenous) populations,
             | Lebanon's civil war saw neighbors shooting at each other.
             | 
             | The truth of the matter is : when people want to fight,
             | they will find something that makes their enemies different
             | and alien, because it's uncomfortable to imagine yourself
             | in the place of the dead body that was previously a living
             | human.
             | 
             | Race and Blood just so happen to be very convenient to
             | latch on, because they're immutable (for now) genetic
             | characteristics that make the gulf between you and your
             | enemies look huge, a very desirable property in a
             | dehumanization tactic. When people don't have those, they
             | start latching on less immutable but nonetheless difficult-
             | to-change things like religion, language and culture. And
             | when people don't have those either, they start latching
             | onto who their enemies voted for in the last election or
             | their stance on <insert pet issue>, which are very mutable
             | but also very numerous and can always be found and used as
             | basis for dehumanization, their mutabilitiy and
             | arbitrariness notwithstanding.
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | When German POWs were taken to American South in WWII,
               | they were considered 'white' and treated better than
               | black US Army soldiers on leave.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Technically, this was actually true in WWII. German army
               | behavior in west was horrible, in east much much worst.
               | Their behavior toward gypsies was super bad. And their
               | behavior towards Jews worst of the worst.
               | 
               | But the range there is from "super bad" to "genocidal",
               | so.
        
               | jeffreyrogers wrote:
               | It's been true literally since written records of
               | conflict have been kept. Look at the Punic Wars vs. the
               | Peloponnesian War for example. Look at the Japanese in
               | the Warring States vs. Japanese in China in the 1930s.
               | Even in European history it is true. Compare the
               | attitudes of the English towards the Germans in WWI vs in
               | WWII. (Edit: or as a sibling comment notes, the behavior
               | of the Germans on the different fronts).
               | 
               | There's always going to be dehumanization in war, but how
               | much depends on things like race, culture, and existing
               | attitudes towards the enemy.
        
               | Banana699 wrote:
               | >Look at the Punic Wars vs. the Peloponnesian War for
               | example
               | 
               | Not sure how this supports your thesis. Are you trying to
               | say that the punic wars was more devastating/brutal than
               | the Peloponnesian because the first had people of
               | different races fighting while the second had only Greeks
               | fighting amongst themselves ? there are several problems
               | with this :
               | 
               | - We have no estimates of the casualties on both sides of
               | both conflicts, Wikipedia only has an estimate of one
               | side of the Peloponnesian, and it's only the military
               | casualties.
               | 
               | - In the Peloponnesian war, Sparta actually allied with
               | the Persians. They were entirely OK with people of
               | different races murdering their fellow Greeks, I think
               | they had zero problems murdering their own race too. (and
               | burning the whole city if it came to that, but it didn't,
               | but that doesn't really mean Spartans were softer because
               | their enemies were Greek, it just means the Athenians
               | surrendered quicker and didn't try again, unlike the
               | Punics)
               | 
               | >Japanese in the Warring States vs. Japanese in China in
               | the 1930s
               | 
               | This is really comparing apples and oranges, those two
               | wars are about 5-6 centuries apart, whatever you're
               | comparing as proxy for 'brutal' or 'destructive' is very
               | much confounded by technological advances in warfare.
               | 
               | >Compare the attitudes of the English towards the Germans
               | in WWI vs in WWII.
               | 
               | I don't understand what this is trying to say. Did
               | English attitudes toward Germany differ between WW1 and
               | WW2 (besides the trivial differences explainable by the
               | change in geopolitical atmosphere and warfare style)? how
               | much of that is both parties seeing each other as
               | different or similar races?
               | 
               | >the behavior of the Germans on the different fronts
               | 
               | I never said that race-based dehumanization isn't
               | brutally effective and leads to astonishing results when
               | it could be used, in fact I placed it at the top of the
               | hierarchy when it comes to dehumanization algorithms.
               | 
               | What I'm denying here is the claim that this efficiency
               | of dehumanization can't be achieved using other methods
               | or combination of methods, I'm asserting that it can,
               | just with more effort/propaganda. I'm not saying that
               | this is necessarily the case in this specific Ukraine-
               | Russia conflict, I don't trust the hose of
               | (dis)information on this conflict the internet spews
               | every day anyway, so I don't really have a strong opinion
               | on anything in it besides the most naked facts.
               | 
               | All what I'm disputing is the claim
               | 
               | >Wars with same-race combatants are, always or most of
               | the time or on average, less brutal than wars with
               | different races fighting
               | 
               | I'm saying that this is false and reductive, Religion in
               | particular is a very strong counterexample. Communism-
               | style genocides is another.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | adventured wrote:
             | There's plenty of history for how the Russians treat the
             | people of Ukraine, we don't need to guess.
        
             | edmundsauto wrote:
             | That doesn't mean it's predictable. Could be they treat
             | their fellow Slavs worse!
        
               | jazzyjackson wrote:
               | Tim Dillon had a Ukrainian comedian call in to his
               | podcast who made the quip, yes we are family, but
               | families can hate each other even more than strangers.
        
           | whimsicalism wrote:
           | Respectfully, the indiscriminate killing we have seen so far
           | - while awful - does not even remotely hold a candle to what
           | happened in Syria.
           | 
           | They are clearly pulling their punches, likely because of the
           | ethnic/racial dynamics of this conflict.
        
             | geoka9 wrote:
             | > They are clearly pulling their punches, likely because of
             | the ethnic/racial dynamics of this conflict.
             | 
             | The goals are different. It's not like they are trying to
             | make Syria part of the new Russian Empire.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | They expected to win quickly and easily - and are shocked
             | it did not happened. Whether they pull the punches will be
             | seen later. Historically, there was not much holding back
             | punches between Russia and Ukraine. You may start reading
             | about Holodomor, which is still debated whether it counts
             | as genocide or not.
             | 
             | For that matter, historically, Russia holding punches was
             | not exactly the thing. Not even toward Russians.
             | 
             | The original propaganda line was that Ukrainians are
             | basically Russians being taken home now. That nonsense was
             | shattered by now. The idea that this will stop punches now
             | that they are refusing, purely because both are white, is
             | something only Americans can think.
             | 
             | -----------
             | 
             | War in Syria did not started by indiscriminate bombing of
             | cities. It got there through series of escalations when
             | rebels refused to give up.
        
               | foverzar wrote:
               | > Historically, there was not much holding back punches
               | between Russia and Ukraine. You may start reading about
               | Holodomor, which is still debated whether it counts as
               | genocide or not.
               | 
               | This is such a demagogy and a narrow-sighted view of
               | history. It is always brought up only for the purpose of
               | pouring more oil on the flames and turning up
               | nationalistic tensions.
               | 
               | Holodomor has nothing to do with Ukrainians or Russians.
               | It had happened all over the Soviet Union.
               | 
               | Much more Kazakhs had died relatively to their total
               | population, and almost the same amount of Russians in an
               | absolute value.
               | 
               | Hungers of 1930s were a global event, not something
               | conjured by one particularly nasty Georgian.
        
               | tapas73 wrote:
               | Some proof would be nice.
               | 
               | Wikipedia mentions that it is contested if it is
               | intentional or not.
               | 
               | Personaly for me, intentionality doesn't seem far
               | fetched, given gulags, forced relocations to siberia
               | without supplies and liberal presentation of
               | history/facts (ussr guides said that kaliningrad is
               | russian from olden times).
        
               | MiroF wrote:
               | So many mis-statements of fact here.
               | 
               | > They expected to win quickly and easily - and are
               | shocked it did not happened.
               | 
               | Very possible, but neither you nor me are in the position
               | to know that.
               | 
               | > Holodomor, which is still debated whether it counts as
               | genocide or not. For that matter, historically, Russia
               | holding punches was not exactly the thing. Not even
               | toward Russians.
               | 
               | The Holodomor was clearly a completely orthogonal issue
               | to this as it wasn't a military conflict.
               | 
               | > Not even toward Russians.
               | 
               | What are you referencing in terms of conflict? Probably
               | not chechens, because that would only go in favor of GPs
               | point.
               | 
               | > War in Syria did not started by indiscriminate bombing
               | of cities. It got there through series of escalations
               | when rebels refused to give up.
               | 
               | Russia started intervening in 2015, 4 years into the
               | civil war, and immediately began with indiscriminate
               | bombardment of cities like Raqqa (https://en.wikipedia.or
               | g/wiki/Russian_military_intervention_...)
               | 
               | > The idea that this will stop punches now that they are
               | refusing, purely because both are white, is something
               | only Americans can think.
               | 
               | The domestic opposition in Russia over killing far fewer
               | people is already much larger than it was to the
               | intervention over Syria which killed far more civilians
               | early on.
               | 
               | It is not something "only Americans can think" that
               | Russians care more about the lives of people of close
               | ethnic relation to them as compared to Syrians.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Holodomor is relevant, ot orthogonal.
               | 
               | I meant purgers, internal thing toward Russians.
               | 
               | Oh, and yes, 2011 to 2015 is long time of escalations.
               | 
               | The question is whether they will pull punches when
               | ennemy don't give up.
        
               | MiroF wrote:
               | > Holodomor is relevant, ot orthogonal. > I meant
               | purgers, internal thing toward Russians.
               | 
               | Neither of those were covered on the TV. They are also
               | from over half a century ago.
               | 
               | > 2011 to 2015 is long time of escalations.
               | 
               | But 2014 to 2022 isn't?
               | 
               | The idea that Russians care equally about the lives of
               | Syrians and the lives of ethnic Russians & Ukrainians is
               | fantasy. It's obviously false, even if Russians killed
               | Russians in purges 60 years ago.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Russian TV is not broadcasting Ukraine war. For that
               | matter, western tvs are not broadcasting full brutality
               | of wars either. It is all sanitized for viewers good
               | feelings.
               | 
               | > 2014 to 2022
               | 
               | Sure, Ukraine actually got ready to defend. Russia
               | actually got to the point of being ready to start war
               | again.
               | 
               | But, actual full war started last week with hope of 96
               | hours till victory, installation of puppet goverment and
               | weak divided west. They wanted them to be kind of like
               | Belarus, useful for further own plans.
               | 
               | > The idea that Russians care equally about the lives of
               | Syrians and the lives of ethnic Russians & Ukrainians is
               | fantasy. It's obviously false, even if Russians killed
               | Russians in purges 60 years ago.
               | 
               | They don't care about Ukrainians lives at all. If they
               | keep not winning, they will move to deep active hate.
               | Ukrainians are already nazi for them and that includes
               | the Jewish president. And that sentiment is real inside
               | Russians who do believe oficial version.
               | 
               | Purges were not 60 years ago. They were the thing Stalin
               | shot himself into own leg right before WWII. But, fuckup
               | at start is on brand here. Stalin has raising popularity
               | as maligned father of Russia in Russia last 10-15 years.
        
           | Mikeb85 wrote:
           | > Slav fellowship does not work in wars. No fellowship works
           | in wars.
           | 
           | There's plenty of videos of Russian troops not attacking
           | civilians and surrendering. But there's also videos of them
           | attacking civilian targets...
           | 
           | It seems there's some Slavic fellowship at play but that it's
           | mostly among regular soldiers, not the leadership. Then
           | again, maybe the gross incompetence shown by the Russians is
           | a result of said fellowship + plausible deniability...
           | 
           | Either way, the war's gone shockingly bad for the Russians.
           | Whether or not Ukraine's reports are entirely correct,
           | everyone can agree it's embarrassing to the Russians.
        
             | squarefoot wrote:
             | Also the number of Russian news sources closed and
             | journalists arrested, fired from govt aligned media, or
             | willing to leave the country is increasing daily. That
             | would be an indicator that the Russian regime is deeply
             | concerned about the public not falling for that propaganda
             | anymore.
        
           | glogla wrote:
           | Yes, after Grozny and Aleppo, anyone saying Russians are
           | trying to limit destruction is deluded or a shill. Russian
           | military strategy has been to force surrender through causing
           | as much civilian death as possible for a while now.
           | 
           | Based on his speeches, both before invasion and the leaked
           | one that was supposed to go out after a win, Putins objective
           | is genocide. "The Ukrainian question", dude is literally
           | quoting Hitler.
        
             | platinumrad wrote:
             | There is a huge difference between what people are willing
             | to do to racial and cultural others v.s. what they are
             | willing to do to people who look, speak, and live more or
             | less just like them.
             | 
             | Yes, Russia was extremely brutal in Chechnya and in Syria.
             | But consider how brutal the US was in Iraq, and consider
             | how we would operate in a hypothetical war against Canada.
        
               | phicoh wrote:
               | There is not much difference bwtween people from Germany,
               | France and the UK, yet, World War I was one of the most
               | horrible wars in history. A few decades later, there
               | still was not much difference between people from the UK
               | and Germany yet the bombings of the German cities by the
               | allied forces were some of the horrible in history.
               | 
               | Read https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombing_of_Dresden_in_
               | World_Wa... for one of the full horror stories.
        
             | SyzygistSix wrote:
             | If the US was taking over Canada, I think we might approach
             | it in a gentler way then Iraq or Afghanistan.
        
           | spacemanmatt wrote:
           | At 80% conscription rate, the RF army is seriously vulnerable
           | to mass-realization of international views. Many young
           | Russians were deceived into this war and would rather be with
           | their families.
        
             | axiosgunnar wrote:
             | Is this something we, hackers/information technology
             | specialists, could try to achieve?
        
               | nonrandomstring wrote:
               | Yes, I'd love to see more chatter on here about creative
               | info/psyops. The fact that Russian troops are using
               | smartphones and Google leaves them wide open. We have
               | starlink sats above them and control DNS. Hell, we could
               | probably convince them they'd already won and been
               | ordered home.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | coldcode wrote:
       | You can have an enormous airforce on paper, but not be able to
       | wield it in those numbers. It's possible they simply can't get
       | enough working planes together to make a difference, and what
       | they have working is all that they have. It's also possible that
       | Putin is afraid of some other border being attacked and is
       | keeping all planes for defense (though that seems rather stupid).
       | You can't win a ground war if the enemy can indiscriminately
       | destroy your troops, vehicles and logistics, no matter how many
       | people you can throw into battle. Of course this did work in WW2
       | as the USSR sent enormous armies full of people who were often
       | unarmed (pick up a dead mans rifle), and had Commissars behind
       | them to shoot anyone who failed to go forward. This is no longer
       | the case, and it's entirely possible the troops (and some
       | leadership) simply doesn't have any desire to kill themselves in
       | a war they care nothing about.
        
         | abrichr wrote:
         | > Of course this did work in WW2 as the USSR sent enormous
         | armies full of people who were often unarmed (pick up a dead
         | mans rifle), and had Commissars behind them to shoot anyone who
         | failed to go forward.
         | 
         | This is not an accurate representation, see:
         | 
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/31t5on/did_t...
        
       | supergirl wrote:
       | they are slowly ramping up, hoping the west will start to
       | negotiate without having to bomb too much. I guess they might
       | have to in the end
        
       | Overtonwindow wrote:
       | Could Putin's end game be that he expects Ukraine to strike back
       | inside of Russia, perhaps a missle on the Kremlin? Then that
       | would give him justification to just carpet bomb Kyiv?
        
         | tguvot wrote:
         | ukraine already stroke stroke back at russia. - one missile
         | blew up few military planes at airport somewhere near belgorod
         | i think - another one was targeted at airport at taganrog 2
         | days ago. outcome unknown - bombed fuel supply train in russia
         | 
         | but kremlin is outside of rage of ukraine weapons and it has
         | very heavy air defense systems
        
         | AlexandrB wrote:
         | Ukraine already struck back inside Russian with a missile
         | attack on an airfield[1]. But I don't think Ukraine has the
         | manpower or the equipment to get munitions anywhere near
         | Moscow.
         | 
         | [1] https://news.yahoo.com/ukrainian-forces-target-russian-
         | airfi...
        
           | csee wrote:
           | But it might be an end game in terms of a false flag to
           | justify such a bombing in Russian propaganda. They can't just
           | outright go for the bombing without such a justification.
        
             | tguvot wrote:
             | it's not reported in russian media as it will contradict
             | narrative - successful campaign to support armies of
             | LNR/DNS to liberate their republics. Nothing else is
             | reported in media
        
               | csee wrote:
               | What about the attempts on Kyiv and shelling of Lviv?
               | Didn't Putin say that he wanted to "denazify" all of
               | Ukraine in his opening declaration, not just LNR/DNS?
        
               | tguvot wrote:
               | absolutely nothing. nada. zero. it's full blown 1984.
               | everybody who says word war instead of "special military
               | operation" is taken off air (they shut down two major
               | radio stations). they are going to make televised school
               | lesson explaining to kids purpose of operation is to keep
               | republics safe (they also sent upfront documents showing
               | how things must be explained to children) duma supposed
               | to make law tomorrow that spreading misinformation about
               | "operation" is an offence.
               | 
               | use google translate to browse those ru domains : ria
               | lenta gazeta
        
               | csee wrote:
               | So, suppose that Putin does capture all of eastern
               | Ukraine. How does he plan to announce it to the
               | population? "Surprise! it wasn't actually just LNR/DNS!"?
        
               | tguvot wrote:
               | "They overthrew their nazi juna and surrendered". The
               | official propoganda states that ukranian army doesn't
               | fight, only nazi batallions. also nazi's execute ukranian
               | military personal that refuses to fight. there is an
               | article about this on ria
               | 
               | Also this was published on 26th and purged https://web.ar
               | chive.org/web/20220226224717/https://ria.ru/20...
        
               | csee wrote:
               | Do you think Putin wants to find a negotiated solution
               | right now, or he's still all-in on the outcome?
        
               | tguvot wrote:
               | i think all intelligence agencies trying to figure it
               | out. yet.. on one side there been a bit softening with
               | regards to what russia demands from Ukraine, according to
               | russian media. For example that started to loudly demand
               | today that Ukraine will declare to be non-nuclear
               | country. They didn't demand it before so if Ukraine
               | agrees to it (it never tried to do it anyway) it will be
               | a win for internal consumption.
               | 
               | On the other side their economy is crumbling. They are in
               | conflict with everybody. On 4th there is supposed to be
               | joint session of parliament and there are assumption that
               | will be announced either mobilization or martial
               | law/state of war/something.
        
       | stjohnswarts wrote:
       | My guess is he's saving them for a bigger invasion of other
       | countries if he's able to take Ukraine.
        
       | coryfklein wrote:
       | My personal speculation: some other power(s) outside of Ukraine
       | are responsible for using their soft power to handicap the
       | Russian Air Force, whether via hacking or via a secretive-yet-
       | direct physical intervention within Russia.
       | 
       | The "non-news" of Russia Air Force not showing up was not
       | naturally getting coverage in the news, and now DoD figures are
       | making public statements in order to point it out, raise
       | awareness, and poke Putin in the side. Meanwhile, every delay in
       | action from the Russian Air Force weighs heavily in favor of
       | Ukraine.
       | 
       | In this way, major adversaries to Russia that are unable to get
       | directly involved for fear of escalation are still able to place
       | their hands on the scales via more indirect means. Even though
       | there is not official treaty requiring Russian adversaries to
       | intervene, it is often still in their best national defense
       | interests to limit Russia's expansionist tendencies in whatever
       | way they can.
       | 
       | It is all a continuation of major world powers fighting wars by
       | proxy; the dominant pattern of war-fighting after nuclear
       | proliferation became a thing.
        
       | MasterYoda wrote:
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20220302165925/https://www.reute...
        
       | ChuckMcM wrote:
       | I am angry at the Russian Federation and impressed with the
       | Ukrainians and terribly sad at the suffering that this war has
       | caused and will cause for the next decade. I also find the way in
       | which this war is being documented on and reported quite amazing.
       | 
       | As a very young man, my first experience with war that I can
       | remember was my parents watching the reports on the Vietnam war.
       | They were pretty glued to their TVs and unlike the wars before
       | that one, there was video every day and updates every day. They
       | felt they really "understood" what was going on because they were
       | so very well informed. They had seen it with their own eyes after
       | all!
       | 
       | However later, much later, after the war was over and more and
       | more information about the prosecution of the war came out, it
       | became abundantly clear that what they had "seen" was carefully
       | managed by outside forces to convey certain "truths" which were
       | in fact simply narratives drawn from helpful facts with unhelpful
       | facts omitted.
       | 
       | There was of course other news coverage, in China (assumed to be
       | all "propaganda") in Vietnam (presumed to be slanted toward their
       | wants and needs), and so it was widely held by the adults that my
       | parents socialized with (Air Force types) that the US coverage
       | was "best, and most reliable." It was also impossible to get on
       | the spot translations of the other stories so it could take days
       | or weeks before you even got to read the "other side" and by then
       | it was often overtaken by events.
       | 
       | This war is very different. Different even than the recent middle
       | eastern wars of the late 20th and early 21st century. If you were
       | an American you could be forgiven, if you watched the news, for
       | forgetting that the US was even _in_ a war, much less the driving
       | force behind it. This war has an overload of information, from
       | Twitter, to Facebook, to Tik-tok, and of course various media
       | outlets all around the world. It fundamentally changes how one
       | perceives and understands what is going on. While in previous
       | wars the crafting of a narrative was the side hustle of the folks
       | responsible for communications, in this war it is a huge part of
       | the offensive. This  "information war" which works to frame the
       | war in a way that is useful to the framer.
       | 
       | Not surprisingly, it isn't nearly so easy to tell only one side
       | of any story. I find this Reuter's story a good example of that.
       | Who are they talking to? What experts are "stumped"? Why is the
       | story they tell important or not important to their intended
       | audience?
       | 
       | The more I read the more I recognize that nobody knows what is
       | "really" going on. Some Russians are deserting but no concept of
       | how many or how fast, Ukraine is winning skirmishes, but again
       | big ones? little ones? How does it inform us on where this is
       | going next? I don't think anyone knows.
        
       | dbs wrote:
       | Almost everyone underestimating Putin. Probably there's more than
       | meets the eye. For sure a lot of wishful thinking in western
       | views. Putin never lost a war. Not defending him, just noting
       | that the "good guys" don't always win.
        
         | AlexandrB wrote:
         | _Or_ we 've been overestimating Putin for the past decade and
         | his "crafty tough guy" persona was just successful marketing.
         | My personal opinion on this changed when I saw pictures of him
         | sitting at the end of that long table[1] when talking to his
         | advisors/generals.
         | 
         | The fact that he's _that scared_ of COVID shatters the tough
         | guy persona. The fact that he was seemingly ok with these
         | pictures going public shows that he has no sense of how silly
         | and bad this looks.
         | 
         | [1] https://nz.news.yahoo.com/photos-putin-keeps-his-distance-
         | du...
        
         | jackTheMan wrote:
         | Or this Putin is not the same Putin he was 8 years ago..
        
         | genocidicbunny wrote:
         | Putin's never really fought a war though, so he would be hard
         | pressed to have won any. The conflicts Russia has engaged in
         | during his reign have been small affairs where there was
         | basically never any real military resistance against Russia.
         | Each of those conflicts was fait accompli as soon as it
         | started.
         | 
         | Ukraine is a different beast. Its a country with a regular army
         | that has spent the last 8 years undergoing a rapid
         | modernization process for said army. They have 44 million
         | people, and lots of western support.
        
       | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
       | I think part of why Russia looks so inept is because everyone is
       | comparing against the US.
       | 
       | However, the US military has the finest logistic operations in
       | the world.
       | 
       | Also, there is no substitute for fighting an actual enemy. Part
       | of the reason the US (especial Air Force and Naval Aviation) is
       | so good is that they have actually been fighting. From
       | Libya(Reagan), Gulf War I, Serbia, Gulf War II, Afghanistan,
       | Libya (Obama), the US has been fighting quite a bit.
       | 
       | Whenever you are actually fighting an enemy, there is a learning
       | curve. The big question is whether the sanctions and
       | international isolation combined with the Ukrainian resistance
       | will force Russia to back down, before they navigate that.
        
         | KaoruAoiShiho wrote:
         | Russia fought a lot too, Georgia, Chechnya, Syria, Crimea
        
           | jopsen wrote:
           | Murdered a lot of defenseless people is more like it..
        
         | demadog wrote:
         | I have this sad, but likely true, theory that the U.S. needs to
         | always be involved in a war to stay in practice and iron out
         | the kinks for bigger wars.
         | 
         | I say this as a medium-big supporter of the US military.
        
           | vl wrote:
           | The reason US army is always fighting is economic. US dollar
           | is reserve currency of the world and thus US has almost
           | unlimited credit.
           | 
           | But one important element of dollar stability is that carrier
           | group shows up on the doorstep of those getting out of line
           | and shows them errors of their ways. Thus there is a constant
           | need for some pretext to deploy military somewhere.
        
         | jopsen wrote:
         | > I think part of why Russia looks so inept is because everyone
         | is comparing against the US.
         | 
         | Yeah, we would all like the narrative to be Russian army not
         | working.
         | 
         | But it's also possible that they are just working slowly. And
         | certainly possible that Putin would rather loose conscripts
         | than risk airplanes.
         | 
         | (Honestly, I just hope the madness stops before more people are
         | hurt -- ideally with the Russians going home)
        
       | lamontcg wrote:
       | It might just be that they don't trust most of their pilots to
       | not surrender/defect, and being in a plane makes that easier. I
       | don't really know, but it make as much sense as anything else.
        
         | drexlspivey wrote:
         | That's ridiculous, Russia is not North Korea, you can leave the
         | country without hijacking a Fighter Jet
        
       | phtrivier wrote:
       | Not that I want to play contrariant or anything, but assuming the
       | Russian air force is simply "bad at what it does" feels
       | incredibly short-sighted.
       | 
       | I would like to have the other versions where the air force is
       | simply saving it's might for later, playing the long game, kept
       | in reserve, etc... Rather that. Assuming they're bad.
       | 
       | Or maybe someone in the air force is not fully cooperating with
       | the war effort ? Is there someone in charge that might want to
       | keep a chance to take over negociations with clean hands after
       | Putin is gone ?
       | 
       | I know, Occam's razor and everything ; but the "Russian army,
       | baaaad" theory sounds more far fetched.
        
       | 0000011111 wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russian_Air_Force#2021%E2%80%9...
       | 
       | In terms of numbers according to the Wikipedia article they have
       | about 650 air planes and ~300 helicopter's.
       | 
       | Thats a solid fighting force for a relatively small country.
       | 
       | Russia as lots of tools - missiles and such that are good at
       | destroying buildings.
       | 
       | The problems in that Putin understands that the cities in Ukraine
       | have value. He is trying to take them over with minimal
       | destruction to the buildings at least right now. That way he
       | could move his people with with out needed to rebuild.
        
         | jwlake wrote:
         | There's around 40 million people that might have a problem with
         | that.
        
           | mattnewton wrote:
           | Yeah I can't help but wonder if Putin is trying to run a
           | playbook that worked in parts of Georgia and "worked" in
           | Chechnya (eventually remaining Russian territory, at great
           | cost), but doesn't scale to major Ukranian cities.
        
             | adventured wrote:
             | Russia's only possible 'winning' outcome at this point is
             | to subjugate and murder huge numbers of Ukrainians under a
             | brutal police state, if Putin wants to hold most of the
             | population centers. It'll take a very long time before
             | they'll stop fighting back, Russia will have to debase the
             | culture (they might try it China style, bring in a lot
             | Russian citizens to live in those cities and begin a full,
             | forced transformation, while you violently try to strip
             | away Ukrainian culture).
             | 
             | It sure seems like Putin expected them to capitulate
             | quickly and become largely docile before the occupying
             | Russian soldiers while a new government is installed. Not
             | much else explains their approach thus far other than that
             | (their supply provisioning was clearly built for a very
             | short conflict).
             | 
             | If Russia doesn't go for the full brutal police state
             | approach, they'll hemorrhage with any typical occupation
             | and will have to leave, and any new system they attempt to
             | install and leave behind will be toppled rapidly (the
             | Russians will have to keep sending forces in).
        
               | geoka9 wrote:
               | I agree, that's the only thing they know how to do
               | efficiently:
               | 
               | > If Russia doesn't go for the full brutal police state
               | approach
               | 
               | Ukrainians are used to living in a democracy though, so
               | it may not be easy/possible.
               | 
               | > bring in a lot Russian citizens to live in those cities
               | and begin a full, forced transformation, while you
               | violently try to strip away Ukrainian culture
               | 
               | That's what they did back in the 1930s in East Ukraine.
               | They had to starve out/relocate the locals to make room
               | for the "colonists". But doing this in the 21st century?
               | I shudder to think how this would go down. And if they
               | don't do this, anyone who comes over to settle will be
               | met with extreme hostility.
               | 
               | I believe Putin lives in the past when it comes to
               | understanding Ukraine and Ukrainians. It looks like he
               | might actually believe (have believed?) his own
               | propaganda.
        
               | 0000011111 wrote:
               | Yes, and looking forward he has the spotlight of the
               | world agents him.
               | 
               | I do not think the question is wether or not Ukraine will
               | fall to the Russian state. But if the Russian economy and
               | current government will stay viable through the duration
               | of the war.
               | 
               | Global sanctions applied correctly could cause a refugee
               | crises in Russia population ~144 million. In short,
               | Russian people need their basic needs met. Just like any
               | human. They will go where that can happen more easily if
               | their own country can not provide. 57,792 kilometres of
               | Russian boarder length is ripe for exit.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > 57,792 kilometres of Russian boarder length is ripe for
               | exit.
               | 
               | "border", and the vast majority of that is coastline, and
               | the vast majority of the coastline is _Arctic_ coastline,
               | which is very much _not_ ripe for exit.
        
         | riku_iki wrote:
         | > they have about 650 air planes and ~300 helicopter's.
         | 
         | the question is how many of them are operational.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | gedy wrote:
       | Uninformed opinion would be they are holding back until needed if
       | things need to escalate in the Ukraine or with the west. I
       | wouldn't assume it's some sign of weakness.
        
         | hdjjhhvvhga wrote:
         | > I wouldn't assume it's some sign of weakness.
         | 
         | Well, given the deplorable state of their ground units, I
         | wouldn't rule it out.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | etempleton wrote:
       | My best guess would be that a few things are happening:
       | 
       | 1. Russian Military Leadership is unwilling to risk their best
       | equipment / personnel
       | 
       | This is a pretty radical war in that, yes, Ukraine is overmatched
       | in almost every way, but they also have been provided some of the
       | most advanced and modern anti air and anti tank weaponry by NATO
       | countries. And it may not even be clear to Russia exactly what
       | they have been provided.
       | 
       | 2. Dissent Among Ranks
       | 
       | While we probably won't know, at least not any time soon. Some of
       | the reported incompetence of the Russian war effort seems too
       | great to be true. I would not be suprised if there was some
       | intentional stalling in the hope that Putin comes to reason.
       | 
       | 3. Morale is Low
       | 
       | The Russian military waited a long time at the border. Were sent
       | in, purportedly, without really knowing why or to what end, and
       | then asked to kill people who they see as basically their own
       | countrymen. Hard to fight when you don't know what for, to what
       | end, and geez, kind of seems like we are the bad guys here.
       | 
       | This war is going to test even the most nationalistic of the
       | Russian military. I don't know how much longer this can go on
       | without a military coup.
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | They are afraid of
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk_missile_system
       | 
       | a very good technology that the Soviet Union developed which
       | punches above its weight in situations like the Ukraine war
       | because the mobile radars are hard to suppress with these methods
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suppression_of_Enemy_Air_Defen...
       | 
       | I have seen a huge number of Buks in various conditions in video
       | footage from the war, one of them was scurrying around the
       | 'suburban' areas of Kiev. I wouldn't be surprised if some of the
       | early missile hits on residential buildings were something like
       | this that failed to lock on
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-radiation_missile
       | 
       | Ukraine has a lot of Buks, it has a handful of these too
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-300_missile_system
       | 
       | on paper those are better than the Buk but Ukraine doesn't have
       | so many and I think the Buk is a "cheap and cheerful" convivial
       | weapon like the AK-47 that does great when exported.
       | 
       | (Both the Buk and S-300 are a lot like the US Patriot missile
       | system in that they are comprised of a number of mobile units
       | such as command posts, radar, missile launchers, etc. The Buk
       | however has a configuration where the radar and missile launcher
       | are colocated on the same vehicle and I'd guess that
       | configuration works really well under rough conditions with less
       | trained crews.)
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | Don't forget about
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIM-92_Stinger
        
         | shepardrtc wrote:
         | > I wouldn't be surprised if some of the early missile hits on
         | residential buildings were something like this that failed to
         | lock on
         | 
         | That or Russian missile attacks.
        
           | tommiegannert wrote:
           | Indeed, I think GP meant that it could be a (Russian) anti-
           | radiation missile that failed to lock onto the radar signal
           | of a Buk.
        
           | UltraViolence wrote:
           | Some of the residential hits seemed to be cruise missiles
           | that weren't aware that a building was in their path.
           | 
           | A case of the height map not being updated correctly in the
           | computer's memory? The Russians seem to be sloppy all over
           | the place, so it wouldn't surprise me.
           | 
           | All this lightens my mood, since it's obvious the Russians
           | wouldn't last two months against NATO forces.
        
             | vintermann wrote:
             | No forces would last two months in a nuclear war though, so
             | it's not all that rosy.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | thereddaikon wrote:
         | Buk isn't a "cheap and cheerful" alternative to S-300. Soviet
         | air defense doctrine was a multilayered approach featuring
         | systems at almost every organizational level from infantry
         | squad up to theater. Buk and S-300 serve at different
         | organizational levels. Both are competent systems and
         | ironically are probably more effective against Soviet derived
         | air forces than western ones.
         | 
         | Starting in WW2 and moving forward each side took a very
         | different evolutionary path in terms of air power and air
         | defense. The west relied far more on combat air craft for air
         | defense because that's what worked on the western front. The
         | soviets had a very different experience in the war and had to
         | fight while being under constant attack from German airpower
         | through most of the war. So they focused on giving their army
         | its own air defense capability.
         | 
         | Fast forward 80 years and western militaries will have a few
         | SAM systems like the larger patriot and the Stringer MANPADS
         | but will primarily rely on fighters to clear the skies. While
         | the Russians have a SAM for every situation and a much smaller
         | tactical air force. The west has also since Vietnam spent a lot
         | of effort on defeating Soviet style SAM systems with improved
         | SEAD tactics and equipment whereas it was never a concern for
         | the Russians because there isn't much in the way of SAMs to
         | suppress.
         | 
         | For those reasons you end up with the ironic twist of Russian
         | SAMs being especially effective against Russian aircraft
         | because they didn't prepare to counter their own systems. They
         | DO have anti-radiation missiles and strike aircraft but not as
         | many as the west and their doctrine is not nearly as well
         | practiced.
        
           | stefan_ wrote:
           | It's wild how many anti-air systems they have deployed, for
           | an almost non-existent enemy air force. At this point they
           | must be effectively supplying the enemy their SAM systems.
           | Very expensive, too - saw a $15M system ditched in a field
           | because the shitty KAMAZ truck carrying it broke its axle.
        
             | edrxty wrote:
             | It's partly doctrine, that's just what they do. Highly
             | mobile AA traveling with the armor is their thing and why
             | change up your process right in the middle of a big
             | deployment (rhetorically, obviously).
             | 
             | The other reason is if things go south and the US/EU
             | decides Putin is bluffing on the nukes, they'll for sure
             | wish they had it because NATO aircraft would color the sky
             | gray.
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | You are right about more emphasis on fighters in the U.S.
           | Also the U.S. put its best anti-aircraft missiles on ships.
        
             | thereddaikon wrote:
             | True. The Navy has spent more resources on perfecting SAMs
             | than the Army or Air Force have. Standard Missile and Aegis
             | are a very potent combination. So much so that they adapted
             | it to ground based setups with "Aegis Ashore" which is
             | literally the system taken straight off an Arleigh Burke
             | class destroyer and installed as a ground based missile
             | defense system.
        
             | ethbr0 wrote:
             | The US blue-water navy has many similar problems to the
             | Soviet Army. Specifically: operating out of range of land-
             | based friendly fighters and interceptors.
             | 
             | And since there are only so many carriers, naval aviation
             | also can't be assumed.
             | 
             | Consequently, SAMs are prioritized, compared to the army or
             | air force.
        
         | gorgoiler wrote:
         | The top image in that article is the first time I've seen a
         | traditionally camouflaged vehicle and been quite unsure of what
         | I was looking at.
         | 
         | Is there something particular about the camouflage on those
         | buks?
        
         | blast wrote:
         | If that is the case, why would officials and experts be
         | "stumped"? This seems like the obvious explanation.
        
           | anramon wrote:
           | Right now an "expert" is whoever says something that is
           | aligned with media retoric.
        
             | gpm wrote:
             | The expert they are quoting is a pretty well known figure,
             | who has been saying lots of things often not aligned with
             | media retoric.
             | 
             | To borrow his twitter bio as an introduction
             | 
             | > PhD student @warstudies (Department of War Studies at
             | Kings College). Senior Fellow @FPRI (Foreign Policy
             | Research Institute). Previously @USMC (US Marine Corp),
             | @ColumbiaSIPA (Columbia School of International and Public
             | Affairs), @CentreAST (Center for Analysis of Strategies and
             | Technologies), and @AlfaFellowship. Focused on Russian
             | defense policy.
             | 
             | To imply that they're just pulling in random people is flat
             | out wrong. This is a person who has been studying Russia
             | from a military standpoint for many years.
        
             | thera2 wrote:
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | IncRnd wrote:
           | There are many possible explanations, so latching onto the
           | first one that sounds plausible is not necessarily the
           | correct one. Otherwise, we would all be like those pundits on
           | TV.
           | 
           | Several reasons might also be simultaneously true. Some
           | simple examples: Russia might be testing NATO. Russia might
           | not want to escalate in certain ways. There have been many
           | countries whose leaders want to minimize the numbers they
           | kill, while still killing many people. Russia might not want
           | to reveal otherwise unknown capabilities. They might be
           | preparing their air to strike elsewhere, possibly unrelated
           | to Ukraine. There might be a revolt inside Russia's military.
           | And so forth. But, what's likely? Maybe they just don't want
           | to kill everyone or create dissent.
        
             | ethbr0 wrote:
             | It wouldn't be unhelpful to increase the sortie rate of
             | Baltic air policing missions and extend them over the
             | Finnish border (with Finnish permission).
             | 
             | Potentially hostile assets require matching defensive
             | stationing, even if they aren't doing anything aggressive.
             | Fighters in Murmansk / Severomorsk aren't in Ukraine.
             | 
             | "Fleet in being" works for air forces too.
        
           | consumer451 wrote:
           | The explanation which I have not seen discussed here is that
           | this is a secret war, in Russia.
           | 
           | Putin called it a "special operation." Use of the term "war"
           | in reference to this action has been banned in Russia. This
           | secret war aspect may have had practical effects on command
           | and control. It is possible that by not declaring this more
           | than a limited special action, Putin's deployment options are
           | actually limited.
        
           | nomel wrote:
           | I don't see why an official would publicly broadcast active
           | wartime capabilities and tactics that might not be known.
           | 
           | And, there's a strong possibility that we're experiencing
           | some psyops here, to make the Russians appear incompetent.
           | There's an active war. If history has taught us anything,
           | psyops is as sure as death, in war.
        
             | eitland wrote:
             | > And, there's a strong possibility that we're experiencing
             | some psyops here, to make the Russians appear incompetent.
             | 
             | Given their unencrypted radio communication they have done
             | a fair effort to support that idea themselves.
        
               | nomel wrote:
               | I don't see how that's a sign of incompetence, rather
               | than a sign of aging military equipment. Incompetence
               | would be relaying important, uncoded, information over an
               | unencrypted signal, in a way that would result in some
               | disadvantage.
               | 
               | For example, saying "shoot here" then having a tank round
               | go through the wall 5 seconds later wouldn't benefit from
               | encryption.
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | > For example, saying "shoot here" then having a tank
               | round go through the wall 5 seconds later wouldn't
               | benefit from encryption
               | 
               | Of course it would. Otherwise:
               | 
               | * the enemy could analyse your strategy and tactics and
               | predict your approach; and worse:
               | 
               | * the enemy can impersonate command, say "approach
               | through there" and have the tank go through an anti-tank
               | ditch
               | 
               | There's no excuse for unencrypted military
               | communications. One would think the Russians would have
               | learned their lesson from freaking Tannenberg a century
               | ago, but it seems not.
        
             | paulmd wrote:
             | > And, there's a strong possibility that we're experiencing
             | some psyops here, to make the Russians appear incompetent.
             | 
             | Definitely. You're not going to hear about the encounters
             | where the Russians smoke the Ukrainians and they have
             | serious loss of life/equipment or don't come back at all.
             | 
             | Not that there's not a lot of organic sentiment around the
             | world, but Ukraine seems to have a very good PR corps
             | pushing news of their victories and memes about the
             | situation. And unlike a lot of these attempts, they aren't
             | "how do you do fellow kids" type shit where it's super
             | obvious.
             | 
             | Exhibit A: the Ghost of Kiev. Regardless of whether he
             | exists or not, he's a great case study in propaganda.
        
             | gpm wrote:
             | > I don't see why an official would publicly broadcast
             | active wartime capabilities and tactics that might not be
             | known.
             | 
             | That explains the anonymous officials not agreeing with
             | this stance. That doesn't explain the non-government
             | experts not agreeing that this is the reason though. They
             | don't have any special knowledge and wouldn't be telling
             | the Russians anything they didn't already know.
             | 
             | > And, there's a strong possibility that we're experiencing
             | some psyops here, to make the Russians appear incompetent
             | 
             | There's probably a degree of this, but from what I've seen
             | it also seems to be legitimately the case that they are
             | somewhat incompetent.
             | 
             | Besides which, the Russian's letting that psyop succeed,
             | would itself be direct evidence of incompetence.
        
               | ethbr0 wrote:
               | Re: psyops, Russia has many of the same weaknesses as
               | China, in that their practitioners cannot conceive of an
               | independent, actively contradicting and adversarial
               | infosphere.
               | 
               | Inside Russia or China, psyops is muting whoever says
               | something you don't like, and deciding on and
               | disseminating the message of the day.
               | 
               | Outside of Russia or China, that looks _very_ different,
               | with everyone opining on your message whenever they feel
               | like it, in addition to virality being a huge component
               | of message reach. That 's a very different skillset to
               | navigate successfully.
        
             | vkou wrote:
             | > And, there's a strong possibility that we're experiencing
             | some psyops here, to make the Russians appear incompetent.
             | 
             | It's not a strong possibility, it's a 100% guarantee.
             | 
             | Aside from big, trivially disproven announcements ("This
             | side now controls such and such city"), you're not going to
             | see an accurate picture of literally anything in this
             | conflict until months, if not years after the fact, when
             | historians will pour over, and fit together first-hand
             | accounts and records.
             | 
             | In the meantime, parts of the picture may be accurate, but
             | nobody here has any idea _which_ parts are true, which are
             | propaganda, or what particular purpose that propaganda
             | serves.
        
           | gamblor956 wrote:
           | The "stumped" is not actually in the article.
           | 
           | FTA: the issue is that Russia made a huge show of force at
           | the start of the invasion but has apparently held back from
           | actually using much of it (by air or ground). This war could
           | have been over the day it started if Russia had used maximal
           | force, and the conservative approach their actually using
           | maximizes risks and casualties.
           | 
           | And that's what has the experts confused: they can't figure
           | out _why_ Russia is going with this strategy, given the
           | overwhelming technological and numerical superiority of the
           | invasion force and their apparent willingness to accept
           | casualties as the cost of conquering Ukraine.
           | 
           | It doesn't appear to be cost, because the invasion has "cost"
           | Russia hundreds of billions.
           | 
           | It doesn't appear to be casualties/morale, because Russia has
           | suffered 500+ casualties in 3 days (its worst losses since
           | Afghanistan), and is still invading.
           | 
           | It doesn't appear to be doctrine, because their actions don't
           | match what is known of Russian ground or air doctrine.
           | 
           | And so experts are trying to figure out what calculus went
           | into Russia's invasion planning (assuming there was a
           | coherent strategy going in, which is not a given in the post-
           | Trump world).
        
             | dymk wrote:
             | It's not really fair to say it's not in the article - it's
             | the title of the article.
        
               | gamblor956 wrote:
               | The author of the article does not choose the title, the
               | editor does, based on what they think will draw more
               | views/clicks.
        
               | dymk wrote:
               | I don't really care if it's the editor or the author -
               | it's part of the article. Similarly, I don't care if it's
               | served up over HTTP1 or HTTP2, it's irrelevant to the
               | content of the document served up.
        
             | ethbr0 wrote:
             | > _why_ Russia is going with this strategy
             | 
             | Because this isn't the _intended_ strategy, but rather then
             | resultant strategy.
             | 
             | Modern Russia seems to suffer from the same weaknesses as
             | the USSR: garbage-in, garbage-out. If you staff an entire
             | bureaucracy (including your military command structure)
             | with Yes-Men, you get "Yes" responses.
             | 
             | When the question is "Are we prepared for the invasion?"
             | 
             | When the question is "Will we be able to supply our ground
             | forces?"
             | 
             | When the question is "Will we be able to achieve air
             | superiority rapidly?"
             | 
             | And because that's how hierarchies work, you believe the
             | "Yes" you hear. And make _your_ strategic plans on the
             | basis of it being true.
             | 
             | Consequently, Russia appears to have built an entire
             | invasion plan on a not-insignificant number of lies about
             | _their own forces_ , as communicated by their _own mid-
             | level leadership_.
             | 
             | Imho, that explains things pretty simply and fully.
        
               | gamblor956 wrote:
               | Yes, that appears to be the growing consensus among
               | experts.
               | 
               | But the reason for the "confusion" (the "stumped" in the
               | title) is that Russia has not historically operated this
               | way under Putin (though it did operate this way under his
               | predecessor). Basically, nothing is happening the way it
               | has happened before (under Putin), and this appears to be
               | a "new normal" (under Putin).
        
             | ramesh31 wrote:
             | >It doesn't appear to be casualties/morale, because Russia
             | has suffered 500+ casualties in 3 days (its worst losses
             | since Afghanistan), and is still invading.
             | 
             | Conservative western intelligence estimates actually have
             | this number at over 2000 this morning (3/1) [0]. They are
             | losing whole battalions by the day, and the real nasty
             | urban warfare hasn't even begun. It's an absolute bloodbath
             | that would never even conceivably be tolerated for a moment
             | by any other modern military on earth.
             | 
             | [0] https://www.nytimes.com/2022/03/01/us/politics/russia-
             | ukrain...
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | I think it's like this.
             | 
             | Russia eventually wants to bombard Kiev with heavy weapons
             | like
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/9A52-4_Tornado
             | 
             | which can use ammunition at an absolutely insane rate. It
             | takes time to move this stuff into place and more time to
             | take the ammunition in, set up resupply paths, etc.
             | 
             | So Russia attacks Kiev with a small force with light
             | weapons, some Spetsnaz, mostly to keep the fight away from
             | the main body of the force which will strike hard when it
             | is ready.
        
               | baq wrote:
               | The problem with this take is Kyiv is more or less
               | Russian Jerusalem. That's one important difference from
               | all other... special operations performed by Putin.
        
             | speeder wrote:
             | I don't understand why people just don't believe Russia is
             | being literal with their intentions. They said multiple
             | times they don't want Ukraine, they just don't want NATO to
             | be able to invade them by land.
             | 
             | I'd you assume this is true, what they are doing make
             | complete sense.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | Except for when they said they were going to "show them
               | real decommunization", kill everyone in government, that
               | it didn't deserve to be a country and they should reform
               | the Russian Empire, sure.
               | 
               | It seems that whether this succeeds or fails it'll
               | actually increase their land borders with NATO.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | > I don't understand why people just don't believe Russia
               | is being literal with their intentions.
               | 
               | That's very reasonable.
               | 
               | https://www.npr.org/2022/01/10/1071766987/u-s-russia-
               | dicuss-...
               | 
               | > Russian Deputy Foreign Minister Sergei Ryabkov emerged
               | from the nearly eight hours of talks and declared, "There
               | are no plans or intentions to attack Ukraine." He went on
               | to say, "There is no reason to fear some kind of
               | escalatory scenario."
               | 
               | That was, quite clearly, a lie, as they'd already massed
               | 100,000 troops near Ukraine.
        
               | megous wrote:
               | As to the "no plans" part: https://www.facebook.com/otuea
               | st/photos/pcb.668374907921586/...
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | jnwatson wrote:
               | Russia has had a land border with NATO since 2004 when
               | Latvia joined.
               | 
               | That simply doesn't compute.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | rodgerd wrote:
               | I guess you also missed Putin characterising Lenin's
               | actions post-revolution as a mistake, and that the
               | Russian Empire should move back to its pre-USSR borders?
               | Or the prepared article that was mistakenly published
               | crowing about the "final solution to the Ukrainian
               | problem"?
               | 
               | Your selection of what to believe as the honest truth is
               | pretty telling.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > I don't understand why people just don't believe Russia
               | is being literal with their intentions
               | 
               | They are.
               | 
               | You are just listening to the wrong articulation of their
               | intentions.
               | 
               | > They said multiple times they don't want Ukraine,
               | 
               | They have said multiple times that they _do_ want
               | Ukraine, view it 's separation from Russia as a crime
               | against Russia and Russians committed by those in the
               | past with control over Russia in the form of the Soviet
               | Union, and Russian state media even released than
               | silently deleted a premature victory announcement for the
               | current invasion declaring the establishment of a new
               | union state of all the Russias (Russia [Great Russia],
               | Ukraine [Little Russia]< and Belarus.)
               | 
               | Now, that's not what they emphasize to the international
               | community, but they have been saying it.
        
               | causi wrote:
               | * Russian state media even released than silently deleted
               | a premature victory announcement for the current invasion
               | declaring the establishment of a new union state of all
               | the Russias (Russia [Great Russia], Ukraine [Little
               | Russia]< and Belarus.)*
               | 
               | Do you have more information about this?
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | https://www.businessinsider.com/russian-state-news-
               | published...
               | 
               | > A Russian state-run news agency prematurely published
               | an article that said Russia has taken back Ukraine.
               | 
               | > "Ukraine has returned to Russia," said the article,
               | which ran on RIA Novosti and has since been taken down.
               | "The West sees the return of Russia to its historical
               | borders in Europe."
        
               | glogla wrote:
               | The full text is even better. Talks about "solving the
               | Ukrainian question" which sounds like a direct reference
               | to Hitler's "Final Solution to Jew Question" or whatever
               | that was called.
        
             | helloworld11 wrote:
             | >And so experts are trying to figure out what calculus went
             | into Russia's invasion planning (assuming there was a
             | coherent strategy going in, which is not a given in the
             | post-Trump world).
             | 
             | Because there was a much greater absence of incoherent
             | strategies by political and military leaders in the world
             | prior to Trump being president of one specific country? No
             | real fan of the man but the need to cram in a Trump-hate
             | reference for nearly any context sometimes becomes absurd.
        
               | kaesar14 wrote:
               | Yeah, it's clearly the Trump Presidency that led to
               | Operation Barbarossa.
        
               | gamblor956 wrote:
               | The difference is that Putin has previously accomplished
               | himself as a competent military leader, and Hitler had
               | not.
               | 
               | Though you are right in that there are huge similarities
               | between the two campaigns: in both cases, it appears that
               | the executive leader ignored the advice of his military
               | advisors to launch disastrous military campaigns that
               | actually ended up hindering the non-military objectives
               | behind those campaigns.
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | > The difference is that Putin has previously
               | accomplished himself as a competent military leader, and
               | Hitler had not
               | 
               | What? Putin managed to force his vastly overwhelming
               | forces on small countries with small and badly equipped
               | armies like Chechnya, Syria, Georgia. And we don't know
               | how much does he really do.
               | 
               | Hitler presided over, and even helped with the planning
               | of, one of the most brilliant campaigns against
               | overwhelming forces ( the invasion of Benelux and
               | France). His army had tremendous luck, the French were
               | thoroughly incompetent and prepared for all the wrong
               | things, but still, it was a massive military success
               | which was at least partly due to Hitler. That's how he
               | got it in his head he's a brilliant strategist, which
               | really went to his head after the initial Soviet
               | counterattack ( when his orders were successful), and the
               | rest is history.
        
             | thriftwy wrote:
             | There's a consideration that Russia wants to actually
             | minimize civilian deaths, because unlike Syria, territories
             | of Ukraine will never stop neighbouring Russia. Different
             | pieces of doctrine may apply.
             | 
             | But I'm not sure how it maps to observable absense of air
             | force. Prolonging the conflict will obviously cause more
             | civilian deaths and suffering.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | It will be interesting to discover in the future if we
               | find out a large number of things like planes were not
               | available for the operation because their commanders
               | ensured they were broken when the invasion occurred.
               | Attacking the nation next door that speaks roughly your
               | same language makes things like mutiny a larger risk.
        
             | AtlasBarfed wrote:
             | If Russia did mass killings / carpet bombing / total war,
             | it hands justification of the west for full counterattack
             | and occupation of Ukraine.
             | 
             | Putin assumed all of Ukraine would roll over like Crimea.
             | He has underestimated the people of Ukraine.
             | 
             | He attacked in winter assuming it would be over in two
             | days. Now his already-low-morale forces face winter. I
             | don't care if they are equipped and Russian and "used to
             | war". This won't be WWI where you can build bunkers and
             | hide in there. If you occupy a house, the local populace
             | will email someone and you'll be a target of portable
             | missile infantry.
             | 
             | He doesn't seem to have a plan B.
             | 
             | In theory, with good arms supply from the West (which is
             | RIGHT OVER THE BORDER, this isn't Afghanistan that is 5000
             | miles away), the Ukrainian populace will get progressively
             | better armed, more experienced (this is probably resulting
             | in the training of a million or more Ukrainians to be
             | effective soldiers), and more motivated.
             | 
             | If I were the US/NATO, I would be training and equipping as
             | many Ukrainians as want it, and there should be millions of
             | willing soldiers. This is the opportunity to produce a very
             | dangerous military power right across the border from
             | Russia. You get to breathe down the neck of the Belarus
             | puppet strongman. And it might destroy Putin's regime by
             | weakening him.
             | 
             | Putin also seems to have underestimated how much Ukraine
             | hates him personally. I know no Ukrainians, but I suspect
             | they are sick and tired of him threatening him and are
             | spoiling for a fight.
             | 
             | The danger to Putin is that the US could equip and train
             | and season a millions-strong Ukrainian army that sees a
             | very unmotivated Russian army, repulses them, and then
             | counter invades Russia. Now that is unlikely given nuclear
             | deterrent and the like, but it is within the realm of
             | possibility, especially if elements of Russia's army hint
             | they are amenable to regime change and will refuse to nuke.
        
           | ed_balls wrote:
           | Depends on what you mean by experts. The strategist I know
           | said this is a political decision. They don't want to inflict
           | too much damage to avoid bloody insurrections in the future.
           | Russian aircrafts are not that precise. What is more, UA army
           | received manpads. It's not worth it.
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | I don't see how that excuses their failure to achieve air
             | superiority. The Ukrainian Air Force still manages to fly
             | manned and unmanned missions and harass Russian equipment
             | and logistics.
        
             | stouset wrote:
             | MANPADs are only effective at very low altitudes (AGL),
             | fundamentally due to the inability to put much propulsion
             | on a rocket intended to be carried by hand. Su-27s, Su-34s,
             | and Su-35s should fly significantly higher than this
             | altitude during strike and interdiction missions, but doing
             | so exposes them to radar-guided SAM systems like the
             | aforementioned Buk (SA-11 / SA-17) or S-300 (SA-10 / SA-12
             | / SA-20).
        
             | alexanderchr wrote:
             | > They don't want to inflict too much damage
             | 
             | Have you seen what they have done to Mariupol and Kharkiv
             | the last few days? Maybe this was the original plan, but
             | with that botched there seems to be no consideration for
             | damage to civilians.
        
               | ed_balls wrote:
               | yes, it seems they changed the strategy to Aleppo/Grozny
        
         | def_true_false wrote:
         | Considering the lack of coordination of their ground forces and
         | their absurd OPSEC, it might simply be communication issues.
         | Fuel and maintenance issues are also a safe bet with Russia.
         | 
         | The Russian Buks also seem to be having a bad time against the
         | Bayraktars.
        
           | petre wrote:
           | > The Russian Buks also seem to be having a bad time against
           | the Bayraktars.
           | 
           | Why? Small radar signature?
        
             | inglor_cz wrote:
             | Small signature and they fly low.
             | 
             | Buks are ideal for taking down a big jet aircraft flying at
             | 10000+ ft.
        
               | glogla wrote:
               | Yes, especially random civilian jetliners.
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | That UAV is a stealthy platform
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baykar_Bayraktar_TB2#/media/Fi.
           | ..
           | 
           | look at the shape of the tail, that thing doesn't have a
           | single right angle to send radio waves straight back at the
           | radar.
        
         | blippage wrote:
         | > convivial weapon
         | 
         | I had a quick chuckle at that. It reminds me of an old joke: a
         | bullet has your name on it, a hand grenade is addressed "to
         | whom it may concern", and a mortar shell is posted general
         | delivery.
        
           | BoxOfRain wrote:
           | What does that make nuclear warfare, a comprehensive spam
           | campaign?
        
             | elliekelly wrote:
             | @here
        
             | smoe wrote:
             | Linkedin notifications maybe
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | Ouch. Black humor.
        
             | AtlasBarfed wrote:
             | Yes, see USPS bulk mail.
        
             | akimball wrote:
             | Sputnik: A brief alarm heard around the world, followed by
             | an infinitude of silence.
        
             | glitchc wrote:
             | An influencer's Twitter feed.
        
         | mstipetic wrote:
         | I always wonder how they developed things like that in the 70s.
         | Right now I don't know a single engineer that could even know
         | how to begin to develop a system like that. I feel like most of
         | them would try and throw a neural net at the problem and call
         | it a day.
        
           | _moof wrote:
           | I'm guessing all the engineers you know are web software
           | pukes. There are loads of people who could build these today.
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | Instead people like me make "spatial computing" led hula
             | hoops and other harmless stuff like that... And those EEG
             | cat ears!
        
               | _moof wrote:
               | The world would be much better off with more LED hula
               | hoops and fewer guided missiles.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | It's funny because we were brainstorming on the hoop the
               | other night and it hit me that this was the killer app
               | for a "cheap and cheerful" inertial navigation system.
               | 
               | The Trident 2 submarine missile has a gyroscope in it
               | that costs almost as much as the nuclear warhead because
               | it is so resistant to drift that it can be spun up and
               | locked on in port and maintain its position when the
               | submarine is at sea.
               | 
               | If you tried INS with a smart phone or wiimote the errors
               | in velocity estimation will build up quickly and you'll
               | get terrible drift.
               | 
               | In the case of the spatial computing hoop though you know
               | the hoop never gets far away from the user so you can
               | damp the D.C. component of the velocity, work in
               | coordinates relative the user's center of gravity and
               | never notice any drift in the x or y coordinates. (I
               | don't like damping the vertical so much but I think I can
               | live with it.)
        
             | vintermann wrote:
             | Oh, I'm pretty sure the stuff we "web software pukes" have
             | to work with would drive all those old-timer Real Engineers
             | crazy in its own way. It's a bit like how a middle school
             | teacher doesn't necessarily have an easier job than a
             | prestigious professor.
        
               | dogleash wrote:
               | Preface: I used to work in embedded control systems, now
               | I shovel ads for a living.
               | 
               | nah fam, we've got it so much easier. You should kick up
               | your feet and enjoy it, or you'll drive yourself crazy.
        
               | stjohnswarts wrote:
               | Yeah digging through 2000 page reference manuals and
               | looking for 1 bit differences with nothing other than a
               | serial port/memory debugger is a lot harder than putting
               | up a web page. Now backend stuff at scale is similar
               | complexity. I still do embedded, but I also help/design
               | on the web front ends for said devices :)
        
           | hdjjhhvvhga wrote:
           | You may be exaggerating but there is some truth in it, and it
           | applies to many areas of science. The growing specialization
           | means your knowledge is deeper but lest vast. For many
           | classes of problems you just use a pre-built solution as this
           | is the easiest and most common way. But rest assured, the
           | people who work on defense system know very well what they
           | are doing.
        
             | mstipetic wrote:
             | Are these engineers paid well compared to standard web
             | stack engineers now?
        
               | ska wrote:
               | On average it's not that much different, but the
               | distributions (in both cases) are not normal.
        
               | katmannthree wrote:
               | No, they might make half of what a web developer does.
        
           | brightball wrote:
           | I talked to a guy a few weeks ago who worked for a company
           | that developed a guidance system before GPS that used stars
           | like a sextant to navigate.
           | 
           | Pretty crazy to think about.
        
             | IMSAI8080 wrote:
             | Spacecraft often use stars to orient themselves. The
             | Voyager spacecraft have star trackers to keep the antenna
             | pointing at Earth. They look for the Canopus star.
        
               | stjohnswarts wrote:
               | Don't they need more than 1 star to get an orientation? I
               | mean other than brightness 1 star doesn't give you a lot
               | of information?
        
             | sciurus wrote:
             | This is still important, e.g. the Navy teaches celestial
             | navigation in case GPS is disrupted.
             | 
             | https://www.thedrive.com/the-war-zone/3865/this-is-likely-
             | wh...
        
             | ethbr0 wrote:
             | Star trackers https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star_tracker
             | 
             | Ironically, the last one I touched was a piece of donated
             | Russian equipment, intended for spacecraft use, with no
             | manual.
        
             | _moof wrote:
             | GPS and celnav (and other forms of navigation, radio or
             | otherwise) are really not so different when you get down to
             | fundamentals. At their core they are all about locating the
             | intersection of multiple lines, circles, or spheres of
             | position, depending on how many dimensions you're working
             | with. The major differences are in how you come up with the
             | LOPs.
             | 
             | The odd man out, if you will, is inertial nav, which has
             | more in common with dead reckoning.
        
             | jihadjihad wrote:
             | Something in that vein that has always amazed me, even
             | though its performance in the field left something to be
             | desired, is the Norden bombsight [0].
             | 
             | "The Norden [used] an analog computer that continuously
             | recalculated the bomb's impact point based on changing
             | flight conditions, and an autopilot that reacted quickly
             | and accurately to changes in the wind or other effects."
             | 
             | 0: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norden_bombsight
        
             | rwmurrayVT wrote:
             | It is also common in shiprepair to use the stars for
             | aligning equipment with a theodolite like device.
        
           | WalterBright wrote:
           | Heat seeking missiles started development in 1940s. In the
           | US, they began as an unfunded rogue project. The infrared
           | guidance system was simple and very successful.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIM-9_Sidewinder
        
             | mhh__ wrote:
             | One thing a lot of people forget because war movies don't
             | show them, is that by the end of the war allied and German
             | aircraft were absolutely loaded with electronics.
             | 
             | The story of Radar on the ground is well known, but the
             | story of systems like
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/H2S_(radar) (so named
             | apparently because it was a smell that no one had
             | discovered before) is not so well known.
             | 
             | Similarly a lot of these British efforts were more at risk
             | to their own commanders that the Germans at the beginning,
             | because the engineers were having to go through utterly
             | ridiculous hoops to justify basic physics to their
             | superiors. Sometimes their scientific superiors...
             | 
             | https://youtu.be/GJCF-Ufapu8 is a very very good
             | documentary about this kind of thing. Made before the
             | scientists were dead, so lots of gossip.
             | 
             | Randall and Boot should be known by more people, but
             | magnetrons are not as awesome as the nuclear bomb.
        
               | WalterBright wrote:
               | The proximity fuses were a marvel - tiny radars put into
               | an antiaircraft shell. Such would never ever have
               | occurred to me, as how could a radar system survive being
               | fired out of a cannon? It doubled the effectiveness of
               | flak.
        
               | mstipetic wrote:
               | Thank you for this documentary link, it's amazing
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | Surface-to-air missiles were long a priority of the Soviets.
           | They caused our fliers no end of trouble in Vietnam: this guy
           | got shot down by a SAM
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_McCain#Prisoner_of_war
           | 
           | The Russian military is organized around a land defense of
           | their homeland since they don't have the natural barriers the
           | U.S. has (e.g. they last got invaded in 1941, we last got
           | invaded in 1812.)
           | 
           | You might think they'd invest in fixed SAM systems but mobile
           | SAM systems are so more survivable in a war because the radar
           | for a SAM is highly visible. You really want to hide those
           | systems in terrain and ambush planes going by.
           | 
           | Systems like that are most effective when they operate in a
           | networked mode together with AWACS airplanes like
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beriev_A-50
           | 
           | which use a "look down" pulse doppler radar which can see
           | cruise missiles, UAVs and other low-flying threats. This is a
           | great complement to the radar on a Patriot missile battery
           | which is optimized to ballistic missile threats. Russia's
           | latest S-500 system
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-500_missile_system
           | 
           | has crazy long range, it competes with
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_High_Altitude_Area_De.
           | ..
           | 
           | as an anti missile missile system but also it can (try to)
           | take out a distant AWACS airplane with a direct shot.
           | 
           | The Russians DO NOT want an enemy to have air superiority
           | over them anywhere.
        
             | UltraViolence wrote:
             | I'm puzzled why we haven't created something that can
             | compete with S-300 / S-400 / S-500.
             | 
             | At the very least the Patriot SAM should be redesigned to
             | allow for vertical launching to allow shooting in all
             | directions. If you point Patriot one way and you get
             | ambushed from behind you're basically caught with your
             | pants down.
             | 
             | At the very least you'd need four Patriot missile launchers
             | pointing in all directions to prevent this scenario.
        
               | sofixa wrote:
               | That's why it was funny that Turkey was ostracized for
               | buying Russian/Chinese SAMs ( was it S-400 last or a
               | Chinese version). What else could they possibly buy? The
               | Patriot system isn't even close, and doesn't seem to be
               | working too well for the UAE ( but then again we don't
               | know how S-300/400/500 would deal against drones and
               | light missiles)
        
           | dogleash wrote:
           | >I don't know a single engineer that could even know how to
           | begin to develop a system like that
           | 
           | It's called "controls engineering", and there are plenty of
           | talented people in the field. But you are correct that people
           | who sought a career in websites and cellphones have never
           | heard of it.
           | 
           | (edit: s/cellphones/cellphone apps/)
        
             | noipv4 wrote:
             | if you are designing RF and cellphones have plenty of that,
             | learning controls systems is a must. Think PLL, VCO, etc.
        
               | mstipetic wrote:
               | I assume they meant iOS or Android app development
        
           | lfowles wrote:
           | It wasn't necessarily single engineers designing these
           | systems in the 70s either.
        
           | StillBored wrote:
           | I'm guessing most mechanical and/or ECE programs still teach
           | "control systems", and that might be where one begins, along
           | with some "signals and systems" and RF classes.
           | 
           | I suspect that the engineers you know are more computer
           | science "engineers" than people who went through a
           | traditional engineering core.
        
             | Arubis wrote:
             | And there's a fair cohort of us (note, US-based perspective
             | here) that _did_ go through the traditional electrical
             | engineering education, learned the hard math and
             | analog/mixed-signal engineering needed to put together
             | something like this, dipped our toes in the industry, and
             | then realized all our CS buddies had double our base
             | salaries for objectively easier work.
             | 
             | We've strongly disincentivized gaining mid-level expertise
             | on hard engineering.
        
               | azalemeth wrote:
               | > and then realized all our CS buddies had double our
               | base salaries for objectively easier work.
               | 
               | One thing I realised as a graduate student designing RF
               | PCBs and digital circuits was that _the debugger for
               | reality sucks_. It 's _really_ frustrating to be faced
               | with a problem where you just can 't get "more
               | information by recompiling with debug flags" and can't
               | easily (or reversibly!) change the system to make it
               | easier to understand. Totally different skillset, and
               | requires a different method of thinking (frankly, at
               | times, with a lot more thought).
        
             | InitialLastName wrote:
             | This exactly.
             | 
             | The ABET mechanical and electrical engineering curricula
             | combined would give you all the skills a team needed
             | (perhaps with the aid of a physicist and chemist or two) to
             | build this system.
             | 
             | That we have dissolved the word "engineer" to mean "ad
             | salesman at scale" doesn't mean the traditional engineers
             | aren't out there.
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | I'm teaching in an ABET accredited program using MIT
               | textbooks and I'm not impressed. If engineers want to
               | avoid learning how to integrate by parts or use the chain
               | rule it seems like a great idea. Arubis' comment above
               | seems on point.
        
               | InitialLastName wrote:
               | Are you saying that the current program lets them avoid
               | learning those things, or that they should be allowed to
               | avoid learning them?
               | 
               | I'm not sure I've seen a calculus course that skipped
               | those (granted, it's been more than a decade since I
               | looked at calculus courses). They certainly seem to still
               | be within the remit of the FE - ECE exam.
        
             | digitallyfree wrote:
             | The HN crowd is primarily software engineers and their
             | curriculum probably doesn't cover this. But a EE can
             | specialize in this field with courses in radar systems,
             | signal processing, control theory, etc.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | slavoingilizov wrote:
       | Many conflicting viewpoints here. Sure, there's been less of a
       | push from Russia than everyone expected, but it's not like
       | Ukraine controls the sky either.
       | 
       | Are Ukranians really still flying? If that was the case, the
       | mentioned 40-mile convoy heading to Kiev would have been hit by
       | now, no? Russians driving vehicles bumper to bumper shows VERY
       | strong confidence that they own the sky, so things might not be
       | as rosy for Ukraine as they seem.
        
         | ceejayoz wrote:
         | > If that was the case, the mentioned 40-mile convoy heading to
         | Kiev would have been hit by now, no?
         | 
         | Not necessarily. That's likely to be a target-rich, but well-
         | defended area. As long as it's not moving - especially given
         | rumors of fuel troubles - there may be better things for the
         | Ukranian air force to tackle, like helicopters moving troops
         | around.
        
           | UltraViolence wrote:
           | No, this convoy would be an obvious strafing target. I'm
           | disappointed that the Ukrainians didn't even attempt it. Or
           | we haven't heard about it.
        
             | tablespoon wrote:
             | > No, this convoy would be an obvious strafing target. I'm
             | disappointed that the Ukrainians didn't even attempt it. Or
             | we haven't heard about it.
             | 
             | I wouldn't be surprised if the convoy had the equivalent of
             | a 1000 US Stinger AA missiles or more. It's not with
             | strafing if there's too high a chance the jet would get
             | shot down.
             | 
             | As a layman, I'm guessing the only things worth the risk
             | might be some operation that could potentially trap the
             | convoy (e.g. between two knocked-out bridges).
        
             | stouset wrote:
             | Strafing implies--again--flying low over a potentially
             | heavily-defended target. If even a handful of ground troops
             | in that convoy are carrying MANPADs it would be suicide,
             | and that's to say nothing of self-propelled anti-aircraft
             | guns that are almost certainly accompanying the convoy.
             | 
             | Again, there are probably far more urgent targets for the
             | Ukrainian Air Force than a convoy that hasn't moved in
             | days.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | NicoJuicy wrote:
         | Driving bumper to bumper is literally to stay within their air
         | defense missles moving with it.
         | 
         | It's a sign of weakness, not strength.
        
         | whimsicalism wrote:
         | I doubt the Ukrainians are still flying much.
        
         | micromacrofoot wrote:
         | Ukraine really doesn't want war, the odds are stacked against
         | them and without significant outside ground troops they'll be
         | devastated even if Russia is as incompetent as they currently
         | appear.
         | 
         | Killing aggressors is often used as an excuse for the
         | aggressors to be more aggressive and Russia's army is large
         | enough to replace that convoy a few times over without much of
         | a sweat. Violence also helps back the idea that Russia _needs_
         | to be there to stop the violent nazis that state media has
         | painted Ukrainians to be (goes without saying, this is
         | completely fabricated).
         | 
         | It's also a morale killer; a lot of Russians have Ukrainian
         | relatives. A lot of the captured combatants are very young and
         | seem confused about why they're there (yes, could just be
         | propaganda).
         | 
         | Ukraine just wants them to go home. The Ukrainian people don't
         | really have a conflict with the Russian people.
        
           | HideousKojima wrote:
           | >Violence also helps back the idea that Russia needs to be
           | there to stop the violent nazis that state media has painted
           | Ukrainians to be (goes without saying, this is completely
           | fabricated).
           | 
           | It definitely isn't "completely fabricated":
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azov_Battalion
           | 
           | The real problem is, who gives a shit if a small unit in the
           | Ukrainian National Guard is made up of far right extremists?
           | It's a purely internal matter for the Ukrainians to deal with
           | however they see fit, and provides zero justification for
           | Russia's invasion.
           | 
           | But by lying and claiming it's a lie you're going to make
           | anyone who looks into the truth behind the matter more likely
           | to become sympathetic to the Russian version of events.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | I mean, if Russia wants to deNazify, they can start at home
             | first.
             | 
             | https://twitter.com/Kyruer/status/1370361298135965702
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wagner_Group
        
             | micromacrofoot wrote:
             | the claim that russia needs to invade ukraine to stop nazis
             | _is_ completely fabricated, the claim isn't "nazis exist"
        
               | HideousKojima wrote:
               | Please actually read my post, since that's not my claim
        
               | micromacrofoot wrote:
               | Russia's claim is that they must liberate Ukraine because
               | its _government_ is being run by nazis that are executing
               | Russians. That claim is _entirely_ false. Maybe my fault
               | for saying  "Ukrainians" instead of "the Ukrainian
               | government" but that was my point. Anything outside of
               | that is needlessly pedantic and creates no interesting
               | dialogue.
        
             | formerly_proven wrote:
             | What I'm wondering about here is that this seems to have
             | started out relatively detached from the state in 2014 and
             | became more integrated later on. Most sources and events in
             | the article are from the 2014-2015 period. Perhaps they
             | have been kept more in check as they were integrated?
        
             | smallerfish wrote:
             | Could you not imagine the Proud Boys being allowed to serve
             | as a unit if Canada seized Montana and Idaho, and the
             | national guard needed resources? (With the assumption that
             | the US had a GDP equivalent to Ukraine's.)
        
               | darawk wrote:
               | Keep in mind Ukraine is a very poor country being
               | attacked by a much larger, richer, and more powerful
               | country. This would be more comparable to Mexico
               | deputizing the cartels if the US decided to invade.
        
               | chasd00 wrote:
               | i think you mean the cartels would deputize the Mexican
               | government if the US decided to invade
        
               | dymk wrote:
               | No, I cannot
        
               | smallerfish wrote:
               | Sounds like a lack of imagination, honestly. Per your
               | sibling comment Ukraine needs all the resources it can
               | get
        
               | dymk wrote:
               | For some reason, I feel like assistance in the effort
               | from nazis would actually be a net harm to the cause.
        
               | smallerfish wrote:
               | If you have a limited headcount, a country invading you,
               | and a violent bunch of nationalists who want to fight the
               | invaders, you're going to turn them down?
               | 
               | Also, consider:
               | https://www.reuters.com/world/us/pentagon-stops-short-
               | bannin...
               | 
               | And: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/capitol-riot-
               | january-6-military...
        
             | BitwiseFool wrote:
             | I can't help but think Putin's guise of "denazifying
             | Ukraine" was a poorly understood attempt to gain some favor
             | with those in Western societies that see themselves as
             | fighting fascism and right-wing extremism.
             | 
             | As a westerner, I've definitely noticed my more left
             | leaning friends agree with actions that seemingly
             | contradict classical liberal ideals (free speech, free
             | association) as long as such actions seem to be in service
             | of fighting fascism and misinformation. Perhaps some
             | propaganda strategists assumed that 'fighting nazis' was an
             | acceptable parallel to how the United States claims it is
             | defending freedom/democracy whenever it intervenes in some
             | other country. It obviously didn't work.
        
               | newby wrote:
               | > I can't help but think Putin's guise of "denazifying
               | Ukraine" was a poorly understood attempt to gain some
               | favor with those in Western societies that see themselves
               | as fighting fascism and right-wing extremism.
               | 
               | > As a westerner, I've definitely noticed my more left
               | leaning friends agree with actions that seemingly
               | contradict classical liberal ideals (free speech, free
               | association) as long as such actions seem to be in
               | service of fighting fascism...
               | 
               | Nah, this is targeted at Russians. I think that as a
               | westerner you underestimate the power of the myth of
               | Russians saving the world from fascism. This is the very
               | core of their identity. You can find some interesting
               | details here: https://threadreaderapp.com/thread/14973067
               | 46330697738.html
               | 
               | Personal experience: I grew up during cold war in one of
               | east-european satelites of the Soviet union. That myth
               | was probably weaker here than in the Soviet union itself,
               | yet it felt ever-present; kind of representation of the
               | mythical struggle of good versus evil. When me and my
               | friends were playing "soldiers" as kids, we were always
               | Russians shooting at fascists. And I remember loving
               | books for kids where some Russian paratrooper befriends
               | local boy and together fight fascism... This was during
               | the latest stages of the communist regime, when almost
               | everyone here hated communists and especially Russians.
               | The idealized memory of their heroic struggle against
               | fascism was the only positive thing that survived in the
               | minds of people.
               | 
               | Obviously, no mention of Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact etc. in
               | history books.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | Russians don't know what Nazis are. They just know some
               | people called Nazis attacked them in WW2, so denazifying
               | = stopping enemies of Russia.
               | 
               | It isn't talking about the Azov battalion or anything;
               | that's an uncalled-for steelmanning because everyone is
               | free associating things they read about in the news.
        
               | petre wrote:
               | Fighting nazis/nazism is a 80 year old commie propaganda
               | meme. They used it to brainwash us before 1990 in my
               | country as well. I think it strikes a chord with most of
               | the former residents of the USSR.
        
               | c-smile wrote:
               | Russians know. As do Ukrainians.
               | 
               | My granma told me what was happening in Khmelnik (West
               | Ukraine) at times of German occupation.
               | 
               | 50% of the city was Jewish. And almost zero left in first
               | few months. And that was done primarily by locals from
               | UPA - not Germans. You can hide from a German but cannot
               | hide from your neighbor.
               | 
               | UPA and Stepan Bandera[1] is a hero of Ukraine now - it
               | is a street in Kiev named after him. Despite the fact
               | that Poland and Russia condemn him as a war criminal -
               | for massacres of Polish and Jewish civilians.
               | 
               | And now Ukrainian refugees are coming to Poland... That
               | will not be that easy ... Liberal values are quite thin
               | as practice shows.
               | 
               | I am quite surprised that nice Jew guy mr. Zelensky
               | didn't do anything about it. Probably because he is not
               | who rule there.
               | 
               | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stepan_Bandera
        
             | consp wrote:
             | > It definitely isn't "completely fabricated":
             | 
             | It would be exactly the same as calling all Americans
             | Nazi's during the reign of Trump. There is no foundation in
             | fact all American's are but there are small groups he as
             | the President supported who were Nazi's. This is a plain
             | lie to serve their propaganda.
        
               | HideousKojima wrote:
               | >It would be exactly the same as calling all Americans
               | Nazi's during the reign of Trump.
               | 
               | Were any far-right groups formally integrated into the US
               | military, federal law enforcement, or anything else like
               | that during Trump's presidency? That's the difference
               | here, the Azov battalion was a private militia that was
               | made an actual part of the Ukrainian military.
        
               | Dma54rhs wrote:
               | I'm sure you could make a link if you really wanted (I
               | don't believe it and hate your political party likes to
               | call everyone fascist / racist similarly to Russia. But
               | there were many articles I remember about white power
               | type of people biggest terror threat by FBI, of course
               | half the population who believed everyone's fascist (see,
               | these locals agree with us!). I'm certain radicals often
               | go to military, especially right wing, so there's the
               | military connection. I'm also certain the whole police
               | force was white supremacist organization and fascist (you
               | might use something interesting like drug addict guns
               | running the streets killing civilians without hesitation
               | like Putin). So all in all its up to you interpret the
               | world and how widespread something really is and if it
               | deserves an action or pretext for war. Muellers report
               | revealed GRU was running BLM social media and guns rights
               | activists at the same time.
               | 
               | Sincerely from the bottom of my heart I suggest every
               | American to de-escalate because most certainly its not
               | fun to live in a society when things have to be solved by
               | violence between countrymen and Putin has done cleanical
               | job.
        
               | drran wrote:
               | Ukraine has not such thing as private militia. Azov
               | regiment was made by volunteers: football fans. See them
               | there: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DvzxM_DbQhw .
        
               | formerly_proven wrote:
               | Hah, football fans and neonazism, name a more iconic duo.
        
               | drran wrote:
               | Yeah, they are holding <<Putin - khujlo!>>[0] banner.
               | They are definitely anti-Russian. All anti-Russians are
               | Nazi by Russian definition.
               | 
               | [0]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Putin_khuylo!
        
               | mardifoufs wrote:
               | No, the azov battalion is much more integrated into the
               | ukrainian army than anything comparable during trump's
               | presidency. This is from the official Ukrainian national
               | guard twitter, where they seem proud of the azov
               | batallion dipping munition in pork lard before fighting
               | Muslim chechens:
               | 
               | https://twitter.com/ng_ukraine/status/1497924614865002497
               | 
               | That does not justify any invasion, but there's also no
               | need to go on the other extreme and turn into azov
               | apologia.
        
               | MiroF wrote:
               | It'd be more like if the US were fighting a civil war and
               | substantial fighters on the government side were part of
               | neo-Nazi paramilitaries that had swastikas as their flag.
               | 
               | Oh and also if the US government started banning other
               | languages then english.
               | 
               | None of this justifies Russian imperialism, but I think
               | we get too caught up in war and can often brush the
               | crimes of the side we agree with under the rug.
        
         | tedivm wrote:
         | They hit the fuel train that was supplying the convoy with a
         | drone strike and released the footage. The convoy has been
         | stalled for days now, both due to fighting and due to supply
         | chain issues (such as having their supply train blow up).
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | Claiming there's a "the" convoy and Ukraine has either not
           | ever struck it, or has only struck it once, seems to assume a
           | satellite picture you saw from 2 days ago is the only thing
           | that's happening in the country. A lot has gone down since
           | then they're not going to tell you about.
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | Isn't the supply train in the south in Crimea and the convoy
           | in the north near Kiev?
        
             | tokai wrote:
             | Irrelevant on the question of Russian air superiority over
             | Ukraine. The Ukrainian air force is clearly still
             | operating.
        
             | ProjectArcturis wrote:
             | There would be separate supply lines for each thrust.
        
         | atlantas wrote:
         | Right, I'd love to hear a good explanation for why they're not
         | attacking a 40-mile long convoy on a road. At least bomb the
         | front of the convoy, wtf.
         | 
         | That Russia sent in such a rich sitting duck target and it's
         | not being attacked suggests they have air superiority and we're
         | getting bad information.
        
           | dpark wrote:
           | I can't decide if the people here in the comments spend too
           | much time watching action movies or too little.
           | 
           | Obviously the first thing that pops to mind when you hear
           | "air superiority" and "40 mile convoy of enemy tanks" is
           | "bomb that convoy to dust". The second thing that should pop
           | is "ambush". Losing 5 aircraft to surface to air missiles to
           | take out 5 tanks would be a poor tradeoff.
           | 
           | Doubtless bombing the convoy is something Ukraine has
           | considered. Also doubtless they are aware that the convoy
           | isn't guaranteed to be a parade of sitting ducks.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | 'why don't they' ... really is the assumption that Ukrainian
           | defense is clueless? I would say they are doing a pretty good
           | job so far.
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | i'm no military tactician but if it's not getting closer and
           | not able to hit you then it's not a threat. they probably
           | have bigger problems than a stalled convoy.
        
         | newaccount2021 wrote:
        
         | caeril wrote:
         | If there's one thing Russia is very good at, it's surface to
         | air defense.
         | 
         | They've screwed so much of this operation thus far, but I bet
         | you that good chunks of that column consist of Tunguskas and
         | Tors, and the Ukrainians know it.
        
           | drran wrote:
           | I see no Tunguska in remains of convoy: https://www.facebook.
           | com/serega.misura/posts/702155627791475... .
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | https://www.oryxspioenkop.com/2022/02/attack-on-europe-
             | docum...
             | 
             | Maybe not, but there are definitely those in service, one
             | damaged and abandoned, one disabled and one captured.
        
         | rr808 wrote:
         | That was my thought too. They have the luxury if just sitting
         | there waiting safely for the right time while the capital self
         | implodes. Western press talks a lot about it, meanwhile in the
         | South the war is going badly.
        
           | ProjectArcturis wrote:
           | Sources? I'm trying to diversify media and would love
           | anything that doesn't filter through a pro- or anti-Russia
           | lens. So far Al Jazeera is the best I've found.
        
             | rurp wrote:
             | I'll second Al Jazeera. I've been looking at various news
             | sources trying to find unbiased up to date info and they
             | are the best I've found so far. The daily live blogs are
             | great when I have the time to follow them.
        
             | rr808 wrote:
             | https://t.me/s/MedvedevVesti https://t.me/s/epoddubny
             | https://t.me/s/sashakots have propaganda and opinion but
             | some worth reading. You'll have to get browser to auto
             | translate.
        
           | astrange wrote:
           | Well it's not going badly, it's expected that Russia would
           | win because of how much bigger they are. It's more that it's
           | going badly for Russia in the north and expectedly in the
           | south.
           | 
           | Of course, being able to capture land doesn't mean they can
           | occupy it.
        
         | jprd wrote:
         | "Earlier today, the enemy occupying force in Ukraine
         | mercilessly attacked our peacekeeping force as it peacefully
         | advanced towards Kyiv with humanitarian aid.
         | 
         | President Putin has authorized the use of overwhelming force to
         | evict the occupiers and avenge our fallen servicemen.
         | President-in-Exile <insert expendable criminal> leads the
         | official people's government from Belarus and blah...blah..."
         | 
         | There is nothing at all that has stopped the military from
         | attacking such an obvious target, but it would hurt Ukraine's
         | plea as a victim seeking peace from the RUS citizens and
         | provide truthiness to Putin's internal propaganda.
         | 
         | Better to let this encirclement occur, the thaw hits, RUS armor
         | stuck with harrassed supply lines and the hell of urban combat
         | against a determined populace. Meanwhile, your western flank is
         | feeding advanced weaponry into the remaining UKR units and your
         | economy has imploded.
         | 
         | Take all the corruption, assumptions RUS had, etc. and it all
         | still looks like a scenario from some HS history class to help
         | teach about Caesar or Stalingrad.
        
       | gojomo wrote:
       | It's also possible there are new, not-yet-publicly-disclosed
       | anti-aircraft countermeasures/weapons. So, after seeing hints of
       | greater-than-expected losses from unknown causes, the Russians
       | may be wary of putting more aircraft at risk until more is
       | understood, & tactics adapt.
        
         | evan_ wrote:
         | I'm not sure if that makes sense. The goal is not to shoot
         | aircraft down, the goal is to prevent them from coming in the
         | first place.
         | 
         | Wouldn't you want to disclose the hell out of your extremely
         | effective anti-aircraft weapons so you don't have to use them
         | as much? Obviously not the positioning or numbers but just that
         | you have them...
        
           | Gibbon1 wrote:
           | One thing I remember is a Russian fighter operating in
           | Northern West Syria accidentally strayed into Turkish
           | airspace and the Turks shot it down immediately. Combine that
           | with the Russians would have a lot of trouble replacing any
           | losses.
        
           | mattnewton wrote:
           | Not if your goal is to win a war of attrition.
        
             | evan_ wrote:
             | Ukraine's win condition is not "destroy every airplane in
             | Russia," it's "keep airplanes from blowing up stuff in
             | Ukraine."
        
               | mattnewton wrote:
               | (obligatory I don't know what I am talking about, but)
               | Russia has heavy artillery with crazy range. If they know
               | you have air defenses they will just use artillery
               | shelling instead that bypasses your defense, instead of
               | giving you bombers or landing paratroopers as targets. I
               | think that's how most missiles have been sent to
               | Ukrainian cities so far. I don't think deterrence was a
               | credible option for Ukraine before.
        
           | gojomo wrote:
           | Not if early disclosure accelerates the development of
           | countermeasures!
           | 
           | Nor if you're worried about a wider conflict - perhaps also
           | involving Asia - & want both maximal degradation of Russian
           | capabilities, & "mystery" advantages for as long as possible.
           | 
           | Surprise is a force multiplier, but a new capability is only
           | a surprise for a short period.
           | 
           | And a simplistic model assuming the Ukrainian allies are
           | optimally pursuing "prevention" as their goal insufficient to
           | explain all mysteries.
           | 
           | If the EU had been clearer about how intense sanctions would
           | be, & how firm they considered the 'red line' limiting
           | conflict to the regions Russian-allied forces already
           | claimed, maybe the whole invasion could have been deterred!
           | 
           | They weren't so clear & firm, either because they were hiding
           | the strength of their resolve, or the resolve only
           | materialized late. The latter is currently the official
           | story, but such things often only become known, if ever,
           | years or decades later. People still debate whether Spain
           | sunk the Maine in 1898, or FDR ignored or minimized advance
           | warnings of Pearl Harbor to shepherd the US into WW2 in 1941.
           | 
           | There's also a gigantic phase change in strategy between when
           | you believe an aggression is deterrable, & when you think it
           | inevitable. If deterrence is an option, sure, show strength -
           | but be aware the potential aggressor may detect any bluffs,
           | or discount real strength as a bluff. But as soon as you
           | decide war is inevitable, you may instead want to hide
           | strengths, for a more decisive military response later.
           | 
           | If the US/NATO concluded an invasion was inevitable 1 month,
           | 6 months, or even years ago, there was plenty of time to
           | secretly deploy "just in case" novel weapons & tactics - even
           | while Ukraine's leadership, especially, was publicly
           | signaling "no war expected" & avoiding any overt
           | mobilization.
        
             | cycomanic wrote:
             | You only need to read/listen to German news, to know that
             | there can't have been a "grand conspiracy" of Europeans to
             | not show enough resolve. It is very clear that many (on
             | both sides of the political spectrum, but particularly on
             | the left) did not believe Putin would attack, they
             | considered this the usual sabre-rattling and were
             | completely shocked when he attacked.
             | 
             | Also, the risk of deploying secret weapons into a state
             | with significant corruption would have been much too high.
        
               | gojomo wrote:
               | If you assign conclusive weight to recent "news", rather
               | than historical precedents, I think you'll remain at the
               | mercy of constructed narratives about what's really
               | happening in high-stakes diplomacy & warmaking.
               | 
               | The US was shouting from the rooftops that they expected
               | an attack, in a manner putting real credibility at risk.
               | While laypeople, & left footsoldiers, may have completely
               | discounted the possibility, Germany & others in NATO are
               | close enough allies they'd have seen more of the tangible
               | reasons why the US was saying that.
               | 
               | Note that feigned surprise can also be a conscious
               | tactic, to help shepherd-along any alliance stragglers,
               | or domestic opinion. Or, excuse inaction. "No one could
               | have known", say the official mouthpieces for those who
               | ignored the alarms from those who did know. "We are
               | blameless!"
               | 
               | Further, if there was actual confidence _in policymakers_
               | that an attack was unlikely,  & that Putin was
               | deterrable, then _pre-announcing_ the severity of the
               | response would have been very cheap! You won 't have to
               | do it, in the expected case. And pre-announcing makes the
               | expected case even more likely.
               | 
               | The risk of coordinating with a leaky/corrupt regime
               | isn't necessarily disqualifyng. There may be portions of
               | the Ukraine government/military in which there was very
               | high trust - such as close contacts in special forces, &
               | those who have repeatedly proven themselves in the last
               | ~8y of lower-grade hostilities. Or, people whose comms
               | have been completely pierced - so NATO knows exactly how
               | much corruption, or mixed-loyalties, they'll express.
               | 
               | Weaponry could also have been pre-positioned just outside
               | Ukraine, or kept in the custody/knowledge of trusted
               | contractors or deniably pre-positioned special forces. I
               | hope you don't think Russians, like the saboteur groups
               | repeatedly confronted in Ukrainian cities, are the only
               | forces who can pretend to be someone else when it suits
               | them!
               | 
               | As another example, no one outside of the home airbase
               | support teams know who's really flying a fighter jet,
               | unless enemies shoot it down & recover the pilot. I hope
               | Ukraine has some world-class fighter pilots! But with
               | lives and practically priceless (in the short term)
               | military hardware at stake, if an even 10% better pilot
               | is ready & willing from an allied counry, I suspect
               | Ukraine can grant them a uniform & citizenship instantly.
               | (It's been surprising how many NATO countries have said
               | it's OK for their private citizens to go fight in
               | Ukraine.)
        
       | akimball wrote:
       | There is no meaningful Russian air presence in western Ukraine.
       | No good reason not to establish an NFZ there. To avoid conflict,
       | stay west of the Dnieper. Appeasement does not work.
        
       | x86_64Ubuntu wrote:
       | I can only assume they are keeping their powder dry, or working
       | to limit casualties. I saw a video of a lady riding in a car
       | beside a convoy, and then she threw a molotov and the driver sped
       | off. If that were Iraq in 2003, she car probably would have been
       | lit up.
        
         | uhtred wrote:
         | I thought the same thing when I saw that video - how the heck
         | did the people in the car survive that?
        
         | wildzzz wrote:
         | It was an armored vehicle being pulled by what looked like a
         | tractor. I don't think it was in any condition to fire on the
         | car.
        
           | DavidPeiffer wrote:
           | Those are two separate videos.
           | 
           | https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/europe/ukraine-
           | molo...
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | Look closely at 0:04 and you can see the armored vehicle
             | under tow, though, in the molotov video.
        
               | geoka9 wrote:
               | The tractor has a Z painted on it? It doesn't look like
               | military, but that's what the Russians are painting on
               | their armor.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | I'd expect the Russians are commandeering civilian
               | tractors, and you'd paint recognition symbols on it when
               | you do.
        
             | geuis wrote:
             | That video player didn't work for some reason.
        
         | Taylor_OD wrote:
         | They have been bombing cities. I don't think they are trying to
         | limit casualties.
        
           | MattGaiser wrote:
           | It could be the difference between individual soldiers and
           | Russian commanders. Individual soldier is happy. He gets to
           | back as his truck was destroyed. Missiles are targeted by
           | more senior people.
        
           | csee wrote:
           | They are limiting casualities. The bombing of civilians is on
           | purpose, but the purpose is to get negotiating leverage and
           | break will, not to kill as many civilians as possible.
        
           | platinumrad wrote:
           | Without minimizing the awfulness of this invasion and the
           | fact that it must be condemned, it is not nearly as brutal as
           | Russian operations in Chechnya and Syria or the US-led
           | coalition invasion of Iraq, likely because Ukranians are not
           | nearly as much of a racial or cultural other to Russians as
           | Chechens or Syrians. The greater ability of Ukrainians to
           | gain coverage in both traditional and social media may also
           | be a factor.
        
             | Arrath wrote:
             | Yet. It's not as brutal, yet. As this supposed encircling
             | attack of Kyiv begins and progresses, who knows what we
             | might see.
        
             | darkarmani wrote:
             | I agree. Condemn them for the invasion. The "collateral"
             | damage of civilians is part of an invasion. I haven't seen
             | any evidence of targeting civilians as a goal. The US has
             | unfortunate civilian casualties as well during missile
             | strikes.
             | 
             | This is probably the absolute only thing where I think
             | Russia is being unfairly characterized. We'll see though as
             | more intel comes in and if they start unloading on the
             | cities. Possibly holding them to a high standard now, will
             | keep them in check as they get more frustrated.
        
             | 999900000999 wrote:
             | Thank you for articulating this better than I could.
             | 
             | You had a CBS* commentator straight up saying this is
             | different than Middle East wars since Kyiv is a " civilized
             | city".
             | 
             | That said, I think much of Russia's restraint is due to
             | their end goal. Ukraine's Russian backed president was
             | outted in a coup back in 2014. The new pro West leadership
             | decided to go dancing with John McCain.
             | 
             | This entire conflict could of been avoided if we didn't
             | keep trying to expand NATO. I know I'm not enlisting if the
             | Russians invade Poland tomorrow, but the existence of NATO
             | implies I am.
             | 
             | It's not hard to imagine if Haiti had a US backed leader,
             | who was removed in a coup and then replaced with a pro
             | Russia / pro China president. Now imagine China and Russia
             | announcing plans for various military bases on Haiti. The
             | Russians could finally have a warm water port.
             | 
             | In no universe would America accept Haiti having a right to
             | its own foreign policy. We don't want anyone else playing
             | in our backyard. To be clear, this doesn't justify a
             | stronger country imposing it's will upon a weaker one.
             | 
             | This is worth a read.
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana_Wars
             | 
             | * CBS not CNN
        
               | butlerm wrote:
               | Haiti would not count as a warm water port for this
               | purpose, because it would not serve the Russian mainland
               | at all. Russia has plenty of foreign "warm water" ports
               | it can use already.
               | 
               | Other than the unfortunate Haitians, who have suffered
               | enough already, it is hard to imagine why a vaguely
               | democratic decision by Haiti to become a Russian ally
               | would meet with more than a collective yawn unless Russia
               | planned to station intermediate range nuclear missiles
               | there or something. Russia has plenty of allies in the
               | area already.
               | 
               | The idea that the U.S. wouldn't "let" Haiti or Cuba or
               | Venezuela have their own foreign policy is ridiculous. It
               | does and they do.
        
               | cycomanic wrote:
               | You mean the Cuba to which the US has a constant trade
               | emabargo/blockade? The one whose leader they tried for
               | years to kill in the most bizarre ways? Yes sure the US
               | let's them have their own foreign policy. Have a look at
               | what happened in Panama or Nicaragua or Guatemala when
               | people elected leaders which had policies that the US
               | didn't like.
               | 
               | Edit: Just to make it clear, I actually do not believe
               | that the Russian invasion of Ukraine is due to the
               | expansion of Nato (and even if it was it would be
               | completely unjustified) it is due to Putin's megalomania.
               | That doesn't mean we should forget that the US has been
               | extremely aggressive about protecting their interests
               | even by force and by violating international law. There
               | is a reason why they are the country which has been
               | involved in the most wars since WWII
        
               | landemva wrote:
               | McCain was giving speeches in Ukraine and Biden's son was
               | installed on board of directors of Ukranian energy
               | producer. Lots of USA meddling.
               | 
               | When was eastern Ukraine (ethnic Russians) going to be
               | voting on leaving Ukraine?
               | 
               | Anyone wondering how Putin got into power may want to
               | research how the New York bankers and Clintons tried to
               | install Boris Berezovsky in Russia.
        
               | colinmhayes wrote:
               | > This entire conflict could of been avoided if we didn't
               | keep trying to expand NATO.
               | 
               | This is really not a good take. Ukrainians didn't
               | overthrow their government because of NATO expansion.
               | They overthrew their government because it was a corrupt
               | pile of shit that didn't credibly represent their
               | interests. And make no mistake, Putin has always seen
               | Ukraine as in integral and inseparable part of Russian
               | culture. He was never going to allow them to govern
               | themselves, NATO expansion or not.
        
               | rmah wrote:
               | "It's not hard to imagine if Haiti had a US backed
               | leader, who was removed in a coup and then replaced with
               | a pro Russia / pro China president."
               | 
               | Um... Cuba?
        
               | vegai_ wrote:
               | Does NATO membership imply that America owns the country?
               | I haven't witnessed anything like that in any of the
               | European NATO countries.
        
               | 999900000999 wrote:
               | >Article 5 provides that if a NATO Ally is the victim of
               | an armed attack, each and every other member of the
               | Alliance will consider this act of violence as an armed
               | attack against all members and will take the actions it
               | deems necessary to assist the Ally attacked.
               | 
               | https://www.nato.int/cps/en/natohq/topics_110496.htm
               | 
               | Like I said, I'm not enlisting if the Russians invade
               | Poland. If individual American citizens want to a join a
               | Polish foreign legion, that's fine. Maybe the State
               | Department can create a list of approved foreign legions
               | American citizen can join.
               | 
               | Then your free to sign up on your own accord.
        
               | mercutio2 wrote:
               | Are you saying you would enlist if Germany, France, or
               | the UK was invaded, but specifically Poland isn't worth
               | enlisting for, because it's a former Warsaw Pact country?
               | 
               | Or are you saying that you just don't believe in NATO,
               | you would like the US not to have mutual defense
               | alliances at all, and the expansion of NATO is completely
               | irrelevant to your feelings about NATO?
               | 
               | Poland and Hungary have done autocratic things I don't
               | agree with, but their governments seem to come much
               | closer to following the will of the people then they
               | would if they were again inside Russia's sphere of
               | influence, and I think bringing them inside NATO was good
               | for them.
               | 
               | I'm not sure whether it was a good maneuver
               | strategically, but I'm also not sure it wasn't.
        
               | 999900000999 wrote:
               | >Or are you saying that you just don't believe in NATO,
               | you would like the US not to have mutual defense
               | alliances at all, and the expansion of NATO is completely
               | irrelevant to your feelings about NATO?
               | 
               | I'm not enlisting for anything short of America actually
               | getting invaded. During the Vietnam War anyone with a bit
               | of money could get deferments. Those are what I call
               | smart men. I feel absolutely no obligation to die in a
               | foreign conflict.
               | 
               | Providing logistic and selling arms is more than fine,
               | but getting directly involved is a completely different
               | matter.
        
               | ProjectArcturis wrote:
               | Lol yes, history shows that aggressive dictators just
               | want to conquer Poland, and if we give it to them they'll
               | stop there.
        
               | rightbyte wrote:
               | He'd stop in East Germany though ...
        
               | megous wrote:
               | > You had a CBS* commentator straight up saying this is
               | different than Middle East wars since Kyiv is a "
               | civilized city".
               | 
               | Syrian cities were civilized, too.
        
               | 999900000999 wrote:
               | I was pointing out the hypocrisy of his comment.
               | 
               | A nations per capita income has nothing to do with how
               | it's people deserve to be treated.
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | Germans had a large role in the Haitian port system and
               | economy, that's why the US intervened in the first place.
        
               | jwozn wrote:
               | I'm not sure if the statement of "we didn't keep trying
               | to expand NATO" is correct. Most of the expansion was a
               | result of requests from former USSR states to join, which
               | was then supported by the US and accepted by other member
               | states. I don't think it's correct to we were trying,
               | when it's more likely that former USSR states were trying
               | to pull NATO toward them.
               | 
               | I also am not sure that war would be avoided if NATO
               | didn't expand. Putin and Russia have made statements that
               | suggest a desire to grow their influence over former USSR
               | countries, and those countries resisted by joining NATO
               | or ousting Russian backed leadership.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > You had a CNN commentator straight up saying this is
               | different than Middle East wars since Kyiv is a "
               | civilized city".
               | 
               | CBS News foreign correspondent Charlie D'Agata, actually.
               | 
               | > It's not hard to imagine if Haiti had a US backed
               | leader, who was removed in a coup and then replaced with
               | a pro Russia / pro China president. Now imagine China and
               | Russia announcing plans for various military bases on
               | Haiti. The Russians could finally have a warm water port.
               | 
               | > In no universe would America accept Haiti having a
               | right to its own foreign policy.
               | 
               | Uh, you know this actually happened in a different
               | Caribbean island state and, while there was a bit of a
               | dispute about nuclear weapons that resulted in _both_
               | alliances pulling them back from each others borders in a
               | _quid pro quo_ , and a variety of covert and sponsored-
               | third-party actions, the US never committed it's military
               | to an all out assault to displace the Soviet-backed
               | regime, which still exists and is still closely
               | associated with Russia even after the fall of the USSR, a
               | geopolitical alignment outlasting the notional
               | ideological one.
        
               | darkarmani wrote:
               | > Uh, you know this actually happened in a different
               | Caribbean island state and, while there was a bit of a
               | dispute about nuclear weapons that resulted in both
               | alliances pulling them back from each others borders in a
               | quid pro quo
               | 
               | What nuclear weapons were being placed in Ukraine?
               | Russia's only argument is that "someday maybe, perhaps,
               | it could possibly happen".
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > What nuclear weapons were being placed in Ukraine?
               | 
               | Ukraine is not the formerly-Soviet-backed and still
               | Russia-friendly Caribbean island state being referenced
               | in the piece you quote.
        
               | munificent wrote:
               | The parent comment is referring to Cuba.
        
               | qqqwerty wrote:
               | Your Haiti analogy greatly oversimplifies the complexity
               | of the situation. Europe and the West have been bending
               | over backwards to help integrate Russia into the
               | international economy. The entire point of those efforts
               | were to build trade relationships and de-escalate
               | security concerns. Russia has been taking full advantage
               | of those economic relationships while maintaining an
               | aggressive posture towards the buffer states. And as a
               | result, those buffer states have been joining NATO.
               | 
               | The only way your hypothetical analogy would make sense
               | is if Russia/China spent decades trying to improve
               | economic relationships with the US, and the US took
               | advantage of those overtures while maintaining an
               | aggressive military posture. At that point, I think most
               | of the world we be sympathetic with installing a pro
               | Russia/China regime in Haiti.
        
           | jeffreyrogers wrote:
           | There are always going to be civilian casualties in war, but
           | it sure looks like they are trying to limit them. Would be
           | worth comparing to other, similar conflicts. Surely a full
           | scale air campaign would lead to more civilian casualties?
        
             | shepardrtc wrote:
             | > it sure looks like they are trying to limit them
             | 
             | Just saw a video where they blew the leg off a civilian
             | that was just standing in the road to block their advance.
        
             | 3pt14159 wrote:
             | Don't forget the decisions of individual soldiers here. If
             | I were forced to drive a tank in a war I did not believe in
             | and a babushka threw a pointless cocktail at me I would not
             | retaliate. These individual actions in war add up.
        
               | squarefoot wrote:
               | Especially if there are good chances that the ones you
               | have been ordered to shoot at could be relatives of you
               | or some people close to you. A lot of Ukrainians and
               | Russians are connected, that's another important factor.
        
             | selectodude wrote:
             | Russia is using thermobaric and cluster munitions in
             | Kharkiv. I really just don't think that Russia has quite as
             | many PGMs as we think and Russia is close enough to most of
             | Ukraine that they can launch regular old rockets from safe
             | territory on the ground.
        
               | mattnewton wrote:
               | Has the use of thermobarics been confirmed? I know they
               | were spotted in the area and there was an explosion in
               | Kharkiv, but it could have been gas pipelines that were
               | hit, and I've also see that explaination for the
               | explosion videos.
        
               | saiya-jin wrote:
               | Tons of pictures/videos of TOS-1 system, even one
               | abandoned on some field. Now can I safely say its from
               | current conflict and from Ukraine? Obviously not, but I
               | personally lean to agree.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | chasd00 wrote:
               | Thermobarics are standard issue fuel/air bombs correct? I
               | thought they were specifically designed for anti-
               | personnel use, are they banned or somehow out of the
               | ordinary? I don't understand why it would be notable if
               | they were used.
        
             | mikeyouse wrote:
             | Yeah I agree with this - not sure it'll last but if you
             | look at what the Russians did in Georgia, it's clear
             | they're not in "maximal damage" mode yet. The longer this
             | drags out, the worse it'll get for Ukrainian cities but
             | that's my impression of the lack of bombardment from the
             | skies too.
        
             | NicoJuicy wrote:
             | They used a vacuum bomb. That's not a precise missle...
        
             | chasd00 wrote:
             | with Ukraine arming anyone who wants to be armed and
             | conscripting all males between 18 and 60 the lines between
             | civilian and soldier are becoming blurred. I saw a video of
             | some kids in a car driving by a tank and throwing a molotov
             | cocktail out the window. To me, they are no longer
             | "civilians" and a legitimate target. It's surprising they
             | lived long long enough to upload the video to social media.
        
             | [deleted]
        
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