[HN Gopher] Germany mulls extending nuclear plants' life-span
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       Germany mulls extending nuclear plants' life-span
        
       Author : tosh
       Score  : 167 points
       Date   : 2022-02-27 21:36 UTC (1 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.reuters.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.reuters.com)
        
       | fuoqi wrote:
       | I guess, "greens" in the coalition will be really "happy" about
       | that.
        
       | urthor wrote:
       | "Robert Habeck said"
       | 
       | "It is part of my ministry's tasks to answer this question. I
       | would not reject it on ideological grounds - but the preliminary
       | examination has shown that it does not help us."
       | 
       | "Because the preparations for the shutdowns are already so far
       | advanced that the nuclear power plants could only continue to
       | operate under the highest safety concerns and possibly with fuel
       | supplies that have not yet been secured," Habeck said."
       | 
       | Unexpectedly, I feel like I have to call fake news on Reuters for
       | this.
       | 
       | The headline looks _nothing_ like what the quotes in the body
       | imply.
        
         | The_rationalist wrote:
        
         | tpush wrote:
         | You mixed up the first quote I think:
         | 
         | "It is part of my ministry's tasks to answer this question. I
         | would not reject it on ideological grounds - but the
         | preliminary examination has shown that it does not help us."
         | 
         | But your point is absolutely true: Germany doesn't mull it at
         | all.
        
           | urthor wrote:
           | Ah yes. I copied the same quote twice apologies.
        
       | zx85wes wrote:
       | Pretty smart ;-)
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30426934#30427548
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Not so simple though to restart the ones that are already down.
        
       | aerosmile wrote:
       | When Putin was first elected two decades ago, a lot of my
       | Austrian friends correctly saw in him a threat to Europe. I don't
       | buy it that the German government didn't know him better than the
       | average citizen did. They are just trying to ride whichever wave
       | presents itself at any given moment. In the days of the Fukushima
       | crisis, being against nuclear would get you the most votes. In
       | the days of the Ukraine crisis, being against gas would get you
       | the most votes. While Germany is the one looking bad here, it's
       | actually a structural problem of every democracy in the world.
       | 
       | The other option is to put too much trust in the hands of
       | dictators. Over the course of hundreds of years, that actually
       | seems to work less well (eg: China - given their potential, they
       | should have never had to play catch up). But every once in a
       | while, there are a few decades where an individual comes along
       | that plays all of their cards right and engages in a long game
       | that vastly outperforms the 4-year back and forth circus of
       | democracies.
       | 
       | But I don't trust myself to reliably recruit a front desk
       | colleague, let alone someone with nuclear codes. So democracies
       | it is.
        
       | RivieraKid wrote:
       | Finally! I really hope this will happen.
        
         | brazzy wrote:
         | It will in fact most definitely not happen, as the article
         | makes pretty clear.
         | 
         | Not that it would be a good idea, at all.
        
       | Ecko123 wrote:
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | NoPie wrote:
       | This will be a big change in policy. I suspect that it is related
       | to current war in Ukraine. Could be that finally Germany has seen
       | the true face of Putin? I speculate but in relation to other big
       | announcements today by the EU (providing fighter jets to Ukraine,
       | promising Ukraine accession to the EU), it only makes sense.
        
       | rmbyrro wrote:
       | I don't get it. A nuclear accident halfway across the world and
       | Germany decides to shut down. A war halfway across the continent
       | and it decides to keep on?
       | 
       | Both threats (nuclear accident and Putin's madness) have always
       | existed.
       | 
       | What changed? Did they suddenly discover Putin is not trustworthy
       | to depend on for half of your energy supply?
        
         | markdown wrote:
         | In a democracy, you need public support for this sort of thing.
         | 
         | The anti-nuclear movement has been behind the shutdowns. With
         | Russia invading Ukraine, nuclear proponents might be able to
         | sway public opinion in the opposite direction for once.
        
           | pbhjpbhj wrote:
           | This is like Brexit, the populous are too easily led away
           | from reason when nuclear power is mentioned. I'm not sure
           | what the solution is.
           | 
           | People were freaking the F out in South Wales, UK, because
           | sand from Sizewell development (near Bristol) was being
           | dumped a mile offshore, sand with one or two banana-
           | equivalent doses per tonne (IIRC). Like maybe if you spend
           | every day at the beach eating sand then you might be able to
           | cause yourself some harm but there's no beach in Cardiff, the
           | sand is way offshore and UK needs more non-fossil baseline
           | power sources.
           | 
           | I think perhaps the public information giving preparedness
           | guidance for nuclear war did a number on us in the 80s.
           | Chernobyl didn't exactly help, mind you.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | thelittleone wrote:
         | I see sub $1m revenue businesses doing supply chain risk
         | analysis. Surprised that a great nation such as Germany could
         | justify 50% of it's energy coming from Russia.
        
         | spockz wrote:
         | What changed is that to move away from nuclear the dependency
         | on Gas has increased. This alleviated the immediate stress
         | levels generated from the nuclear disasters around the world.
         | Then a more immediate threat popped up by Russia invading
         | Ukraine. This makes the gas dependency a liability again. This
         | makes the far away risk of something might go very wrong with
         | nuclear palatable again compared to the gas is risky right now.
        
           | olivermarks wrote:
           | Large scale nuclear plants - whether alive or dead are
           | important strategic and tactical elements in modern warfare
           | https://www.commondreams.org/views/2022/02/26/conflict-
           | betwe...
           | 
           | Small nuclear reactors are the answer imo. Russia has poured
           | funding into opposing fracking for natural gas and
           | encouraging european green initiatives arguably to increase
           | their grip on euopean energy supplies
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/ShellenbergerMD/status/14972531398371901.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/ShellenbergerMD/status/14972531398371901.
           | ..
        
         | christkv wrote:
         | Never mind that they live right next door to the most active
         | user of nuclear power in Europe France. So likelihood of a
         | nuclear accident not affecting them is close to zero.
        
           | steve_gh wrote:
           | Not just right next door, but downwind
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | woodpanel wrote:
        
         | nest0r wrote:
         | I would love to see you functioning in real life if you are not
         | able to reassess your decisions. People like you who see
         | science and politics as absolutes must be helpless in a
         | changing environment.
        
       | joshe wrote:
       | Here's better, more numerate coverage:
       | https://twitter.com/energybants/status/1498005296299622408
       | 
       | Also the whole thread covers other nuclear topics the press is a
       | bit lost on. Remember, the number of nuclear engineers at reuters
       | is 0.
        
         | stdbrouw wrote:
         | "As Energy Ministries across the EU become "ecology" Ministries
         | led by people who don't even know the _units_ used to quantify
         | energy, Finance Ministries become the adults."
         | 
         | This is not more numerate coverage, it's semi-informed snark.
        
         | rossdavidh wrote:
         | "Weather: famously indifferent to German wartime needs."
         | 
         | Ouch.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | throwaway4good wrote:
       | Surely a better idea than building LNG terminals.
        
       | Traster wrote:
       | I know this article isn't great, but is there anyone on HN who
       | lives in Germany who could explain why there's such a scepticism
       | of Nuclear power there? I'm from the UK and we have largely
       | transitioned away from Nuclear for one clear reason - there was
       | no political appetite to spend a tonne of money on an expensive
       | form of energy that wasn't likely to pay off in the current
       | parliamentary term. The german response to Nuclear seems to have
       | been far more extreme though.
        
         | BSVogler wrote:
         | We still have not found a place to store the waste. No one
         | wants to live near a reactor so there are not really any place
         | to build them (NIMBY). It also turns out that it is quite
         | expensive when considering all costs like dismantling and
         | insurance. Germany also does not mine uranium any more since
         | 2021, so needs to buy them from other countries so you will
         | have again dependencies on other countries. And then there is
         | the historical experience of Chernobyl.
        
           | fsflover wrote:
           | https://whatisnuclear.com/waste.html
        
         | okl wrote:
         | Chernobyl disaster, fears stemming from nuclear weapons
         | stationed in Germany, no viable solutions for waste disposal.
         | Mostly that. Of course it's also not economically sensible if
         | you factor in externalised costs. I'm also concerned about
         | sloppy work and engineering, neglect and human mistake with
         | catastrophic consequences. For example, there is one incident
         | documentend where some idiotic fools drilled a hole into the
         | containment to hang a fire extinguisher. [https://www.badische-
         | zeitung.de/panne-in-leibstadt-arbeiter-...]
         | 
         | However, if it would help to bring down the sick Putin regime
         | in Russia I would support a limited extension.
         | 
         | EDIT: Russian trolls be downvoting me. Idi nahui.
        
         | quattrofan wrote:
        
         | Reason077 wrote:
         | > _" I'm from the UK and we have largely transitioned away from
         | Nuclear"_
         | 
         | While the UK's nuclear power capacity is well down on its 1990s
         | peak, it's hardly correct to say the UK has "largely"
         | transitioned away from nuclear. A major new nuclear plant
         | (Hinkley Point C) is under construction, and two more (Sizewell
         | C and Bradwell B) seem to still be moving ahead.
         | 
         | If all three are completed, they would represent 8.6 GW of
         | _new_ nuclear capacity, significantly more than the combined
         | capacity of all UK nuclear power stations today!
        
         | raymond_goo wrote:
         | We still have mushrooms that radiate more than normal due to
         | Chernobyl. Then we witnessed the Fukushima catastrophe from
         | afar but with great shock. And we have no state who wants to
         | store the nuclear waste. We believe the future is renewables
         | and we invest heavily into it.
        
           | pbhjpbhj wrote:
           | The future is renewables but without storage (or fusion,
           | which is realistically 40y out _if_ it works) then we're
           | screwed and that's a couple of decades more development away.
           | We need fission to bridge that gap or we're left relying on
           | fossil fuels and missing our targets massively on GHG
           | emissions (or we maintain Lockdown level restrictions .. and
           | still have a short fall).
        
             | rob74 wrote:
             | From what I understand the current plan to store renewable
             | energy is to convert it to hydrogen - this hydrogen can
             | either be used to power vehicles, or in power plants
             | (converted natural gas power plants or plants that have
             | been designed from the outset to operate flexibly with
             | hydrogen or natural gas)
        
             | wongarsu wrote:
             | It's not like there are no options for storage, pumped
             | hydrostorage works well in Germany, and building pumped
             | storage plus solar makes more financial sense than fission.
             | Nuclear plants just take too long to plan and build, and
             | are extremely expensive to build and tear down.
        
         | k__ wrote:
         | After the Fukushima catastrophe, it was clear that the unknown
         | unknows are worse than anticipated.
         | 
         | Sad thing is, Germany should have pumped a whole lotta more
         | money into renewables and their research.
        
         | pbhjpbhj wrote:
         | We sat on our arses too long and essentially our skills for
         | producing nuclear faded away and now we need to rely on Japan
         | and France if we want nuclear but it seems like we're out of
         | the loop. I thought w had a couple of new nuclear facilities in
         | progress, Sizewell C [0] and somewhere else (and plans are
         | afoot for an experimental fusion reactor which is the most
         | forward thinking I've seen in the UK in a decade so perhaps
         | that's being driven by EDF? [as well??]).
         | 
         | [0] https://www.edfenergy.com/energy/nuclear-new-build-
         | projects/...
        
         | guerrilla wrote:
         | Who stands to profit the most from decommissioning them all? I
         | mean besides Schroder and Russia.
        
         | knbknb wrote:
         | Off the top of my head :
         | 
         | German multinationals (in the energy sector such as Siemens,
         | Wintershall) have removed it from their strategies because
         | Nuclear technologies inefficient and bear a lot of risks. New
         | reactor types don't work as promised.
         | 
         | Government does not want Nuclear Energy because it needs
         | enormous amounts of subsidies, and still there are regular cost
         | overruns just as enormous. And Consortias still demand price
         | guarantees. Worldwide the number of operational reactors is
         | decreasing anyway. Nuclear reactors need a lot of protection
         | (physical security) . Instead a decentralised infrastructure is
         | envisioned.
         | 
         | The German general public does not want nuclear waste, and not
         | even nuclear transports across the country. It's a form of
         | NIMBYism, but the point is valid.
         | 
         | The German anti-nuclear movement is very old, covers 2-3
         | generations.
         | 
         | Germany is densely populated and the prospect of entire
         | countries becoming inhabitable after a single disaster of a
         | nuclear power plant is feared and despised by many people.
        
         | turbinerneiter wrote:
         | It's associated with waste that no one wants and nuclear
         | weapons that no one wants either.
         | 
         | Germany had a SPD/Greens coalition. They decided to not renew
         | the contracts with the nuclear power plants and phase them out
         | (afaik they are allowed to run 25 years, then they need to
         | renew that, sorry missing some vocubaulry here). The next
         | government was CDU/FDP (Merkel 1), who decided to renew the
         | contracts again and cancel the rpior government phase out
         | plans. Couple of weeks later Fukushima happened. Merkel stood
         | in front of parliament and said: "On a day like today, we can
         | not say that nuclear power plants are safe. They are safe."
         | That is a direct quote of her speech. In the de speech she
         | annoinced that Germany will stop using nuclear power.
         | 
         | Because they had just signed the renewed contracts, the power
         | plant companies sued Germany for the lost profit. Funnily
         | enough, when Merkel decided to renew the contracts, they also
         | introduced a tax on nuclear fuel, however the law had mistakes
         | which made it unconstitutional and Germany had to pay back the
         | taxes.
         | 
         | I still to this day believe that Schauble messed up the law on
         | purpose. It happened back during the economic crisis, when
         | there were spending cuts on normal people stuff, and this tax
         | was a part of the media circus of "the big corps also have to
         | do their part". That first part is 100% fact, this last part is
         | just my pet conspiracy theory tough :D
        
           | novok wrote:
           | Why would germany worry about making nukes themselves
           | although?
        
           | lm28469 wrote:
           | Yeah, nothing to do with russian gas, dirty money and
           | lobbyists....
           | 
           | https://www.dw.com/en/germanys-former-chancellor-gerhard-
           | sch...
           | 
           | https://www.politico.eu/article/outrage-germany-ex-
           | chancello...
        
             | turbinerneiter wrote:
             | I retold the history, not the motivations.
             | 
             | Also, Schroder and Merkel are from different parties, so
             | it's hard to see how Schroders corruption influenced
             | Merkel.
        
           | rob74 wrote:
           | Small correction: the CDU/FDP government was the second
           | Merkel cabinet (of four), and the only one where the FDP was
           | involved. In fact it was so "successful" that at the next
           | elections the FDP fell below the 5% threshold and wasn't
           | represented in the Bundestag for the next four years.
        
             | turbinerneiter wrote:
             | Thanks for the correction.
        
         | maxhille wrote:
         | German here, but I'll be a bit lazy and refer to
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_Germany . I
         | quickly skimmed over it and I think it touches the history
         | well.
         | 
         | From my personal perspective, I can definitely relate being
         | nuclear skeptic due to Chernobyl (I was 7 years old at the
         | time) and basically constant demonstrations/problems with the
         | end storage facility subject - for as long as I remember.
         | 
         | Also, at least in my memory around ~2000 it became clear that
         | nuclear was not economically viable vs going green and that was
         | also when the Atomausstieg was sealed by the new Schroder
         | government which had the Greens in the coalition.
         | 
         | Merkel (conservative) wanted to prolong the run times but when
         | Fukushima happened all those plans quickly turned over.
         | 
         | Happy to answer any questions about it.
        
           | scyzoryk_xyz wrote:
           | So how did plans to import natural gas via NS1/NS2 fit into
           | these plans?
        
             | MobiusHorizons wrote:
             | My understanding was that Natural gas in Europe is used for
             | house heat, and industrial processes that have never been
             | electrified. I was not aware of using it (at a wide scale)
             | for electricity generation. (definitely not an expert
             | though)
        
           | tsimionescu wrote:
           | > Also, at least in my memory around ~2000 it became clear
           | that nuclear was not economically viable vs going green and
           | that was also when the Atomausstieg was sealed by the new
           | Schroder government which had the Greens in the coalition.
           | 
           | And yet, Germany has twice the emissions of France because it
           | relies heavily on gas and coal. Very sad to see that global
           | warming is considered more economically viable than nuclear
           | energy.
        
           | robertlagrant wrote:
           | > Also, at least in my memory around ~2000 it became clear
           | that nuclear was not economically viable vs going green
           | 
           | That would be surprising. I would have said that renewables
           | (without comparing massively subsidised and unproven
           | renewables costs with unsubsidised and well understood
           | practical nuclear costs) would only be relatively recently
           | even in the same ballpark as nuclear. And even then, only
           | when the sun's shining/wind's blowing.
        
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