[HN Gopher] Why the West is reluctant to deny Russian banks acce...
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       Why the West is reluctant to deny Russian banks access to SWIFT
        
       Author : doener
       Score  : 284 points
       Date   : 2022-02-25 14:58 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.economist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.economist.com)
        
       | newaccount2021 wrote:
        
       | forty wrote:
       | My understanding is that the US is okay doing it.
       | 
       | The ones that are blocking this are Germany and Italy. Even
       | France (where I am) said okay, even though our economic interests
       | in Russia are quite big (I read that France companies are in
       | total one of the largest foreign employer in Russia, la Societe
       | Generale owns a big Russian bank, and some of our energy
       | companies have interest in Russia).True we don't depends as much
       | on the gas.
       | 
       | Germany, I'm so disappointed in you :(
        
       | zxcvbn4038 wrote:
       | If Russia is cut out of SWIFT they will just use their own
       | system, minor inconvenience at first but long term works out well
       | for them.
       | 
       | A few years ago the US said they were going to forbid oil
       | speculation and force people to accept delivery of all trades.
       | They backtracked on that immediately when they found out Dubai
       | was rushing to fill the gap by opening their own commodity
       | exchange that would allow speculation.
       | 
       | Likewise I think the US and even the EU might talk tough about
       | ejecting Russia from SWIFT, but won't follow through out of fear
       | of losing control to a Russia and/or China controlled system. A
       | lot of western countries use SWIFT to spy on each other. The US
       | would supposedly monitor SWIFT traffic looking for transfers to
       | Airbus and feed that info to Boeing so they could try to undercut
       | them on price.
        
       | DevKoala wrote:
       | What's more interesting to me is why the whole world is so energy
       | deficient that they cannot stop using Russian oil. IMHO that was
       | the first mistake.
        
         | lazide wrote:
         | It isn't that the whole world is energy deficient (in any real
         | sense), it's that key modern economies have become reliant on
         | specific sources, and interruptions in those sources make them
         | very vulnerable to very expensive impacts. So they're
         | blackmailable.
         | 
         | And lots of cheap energy and global trade is almost like heroin
         | for dealing with internal problems and social ills - no need to
         | confront inefficiencies, figure out sane monetary policies,
         | have hard conversations on hard topics, etc.
         | 
         | So a lot of countries have pent up BS that will tear them apart
         | when the heroin (I mean oil) stops flowing.
         | 
         | International strongarm politics 101.
        
       | godmode2019 wrote:
       | Europe gives Russia 700 million a day for petrochemicals.
       | 
       | They are financing the war in Ukraine, and will continue to do
       | so, Europe makes their war donations via the swift payment system
       | because they rely on Russian oil and gas.
       | 
       | The Syrian war was largely about stopping a gas pipeline planned
       | to go through Syria from Qatar to Europe which would have
       | challenged the Russian gas monopoly.
       | 
       | The Russian pipeline travels through Ukraine.
        
       | swframe2 wrote:
       | To paraphrase Hanlon's razor "Don't confuse reluctance with
       | incompetence". The US is a rat's nest of different interests; it
       | is too internally divided to fix hard problems. There are always
       | wealthy political donors who control enough politicians to
       | prevent a good solution. At this point, the US can only put
       | lipstick on its incompetence. I do feel sorry for Ukraine but the
       | GOP represents 40+% of the US electorate and they are now a cult
       | rooted in disinformation (and supported by Russia). A nation this
       | divided can't save itself; how can it save anyone else?
        
       | freshthought wrote:
       | What is SWIFT, behind the scenes?
        
         | chasd00 wrote:
         | probably a TCP socket and an old, well established, EDI format.
        
       | FooBarBizBazz wrote:
       | Russia has been pushing BTC on RT for a while now. Seems related.
       | 
       | That would push the price up.
       | 
       | Counter-move: Will this precipitate the banning of Bitcoin by/in
       | the US?
       | 
       | That would push the price down.
       | 
       | (Simultaneously, possible rate increases also tend to push the
       | price down.)
        
         | derbOac wrote:
         | I was asking in some forums a few days before the invasion
         | whether Russia would start pumping money into crypto,
         | especially things like Monero. The response I got (aside from
         | accusing me of selling crypto, even though I don't own any),
         | was that it's seen as too unstable and too unpredictable an
         | asset for oligarchs and so forth to put their money into.
         | 
         | Switzerland also indicated they weren't doing anything about
         | sanctions. There's other tax havens out there as well.
         | 
         | That seemed like a good point to me; why put your money in
         | bitcoin or Monero when you could put it into gold, or keep your
         | money in a Swiss account?
         | 
         | I'm sure these oligarchs have very solid ways of laundering
         | money.
         | 
         | On the other hand, maybe this _will_ be just the sort of thing
         | that kicks of practical reasons for use of crypto. Today there
         | 's articles about huge donations to Ukraine in the form of BTC,
         | so who knows.
        
           | hanniabu wrote:
           | > maybe this will be just the sort of thing that kicks of
           | practical reasons for use of crypto
           | 
           | There's already practical uses for crypto for exactly the
           | same reasons you think there will be. All those uses
           | currently exist and people are using them for that, no SWIFT
           | lockout needed.
        
           | mahkeiro wrote:
           | Switzerland is imposing their own sanctions, and will make
           | sure that Switzerland cannot be used to circumvent EU & US
           | sanctions. https://twitter.com/BorisBusslinger/status/1497205
           | 3992290222...
        
       | yrgulation wrote:
       | The west? I thought it was a handful of countries that russia has
       | quite cozy relations with.
        
       | jdrc wrote:
       | weak arguments though. It would be a swift action, a shock with
       | immediate effect. the long-term points are not that relevant but
       | evenso, the non-western allied world is comparatively small. a
       | disconnection is not going to be forever.
        
       | cheriot wrote:
       | > So, instead, we have an hour-long technical discussion where I
       | ask them questions about web vitals, accessibility, the browser
       | wars, and other similar topics about the web.
       | 
       | I'd _dramatically_ prefer a good programmer that needs to learn
       | something new over a poor programmer applying the knowledge they
       | already have. I 've never come across a perfect interview
       | question, but the goal should be to focus more on problem solving
       | than knowledge.
       | 
       | I've been out of web development for a while so the article was
       | an interesting review/update, though.
        
         | mig39 wrote:
         | Did you reply to the wrong thread?
        
       | orangecat wrote:
       | This is a bunch of words around "it would be inconvenient for us
       | because we allowed ourselves to become economically dependent on
       | a criminal state". In particular Germany gets a gold (red?) star
       | for shutting down their nuclear plants.
       | 
       | Meanwhile the Chinese Communist Party has to be enjoying this. If
       | we can't agree to take the relatively minor hit of financially
       | cutting Russia off from the civilized world, we'll obviously be
       | unwilling to do anything significant when they invade Taiwan.
        
         | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
         | TSMC probably already has all their facilities mined.
         | 
         | It doesn't take much, to turn a fab into a junk heap. You just
         | need to break the clean room containment, and you have a
         | billion dollars' worth of permanently useless garbage.
         | 
         | Heck, just turning off power would probably do it, but they'd
         | want to be sure.
         | 
         | I actually have a story, from the company I worked for, that
         | supplied lithography stuff (big, expensive steppers).
         | 
         | They need to maintain clean room standards from the first
         | framing, to the final delivery (special airplanes and trains).
         | 
         | They delivered a set of them to a company that then went belly-
         | up.
         | 
         | The power was turned off, and the equipment became junk.
        
           | ebruchez wrote:
           | TSMS is not the reason China wants Taiwan, and there is more
           | to Taiwan than TSMC: a wonderful people, a thriving liberal
           | democracy, and great local culture, for example. I understand
           | why there is so much focus on HN on TSMC, but it's
           | disheartening to observe the lack of realization that we are
           | not just talking about a fab on a rock, but about human
           | beings.
        
             | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
             | That's a very good point.
             | 
             | People, in general (not just HN geeks), tend to have
             | difficulty looking at other folks as "human." This applies
             | to our next-door neighbors; let alone, people in a distant
             | nation.
             | 
             | I appreciate your making that point.
             | 
             | But TSMC is a _very_ big fab on a rock...
        
       | lowbloodsugar wrote:
       | Because the US is no longer the dominant economic force, nor the
       | dominant military force (perhaps larger but spread too thin).
       | 
       | We watched the USSR waste itself in Afghanistan, and then the US
       | did the same thing. And just as public opinion was the lowest on
       | the war, after a botched exit, Putin attacks Europe.
       | 
       | The US should not have been in Afghanistan or Iraq, but oil
       | companies said yes. It should be on the ground in Ukraine, but it
       | can't because it is spent.
       | 
       | On the subject of military power, Arther C Clarke's Superiority
       | [1] is a great short story. "It shows the side which is more
       | technologically advanced being defeated, despite its apparent
       | superiority, because of its willingness to discard old technology
       | without having fully perfected the new. Meanwhile, the enemy
       | steadily built up a far larger arsenal of weapons that while more
       | primitive were also more reliable." Ironically, the "advanced"
       | technology isn't advanced anymore: the weapons are out of date.
       | But they still manage to be expensive.
       | 
       | The US knows this, and they can do nothing. All the screaming and
       | howling in the media is just propaganda. They have already agreed
       | to cede Ukraine.
       | 
       | Putin already won the war electronically. The US is hopelessly
       | divided. The nation that once put a man on the moon, that
       | dominated science, now has radicalized citizens call in bomb
       | threats to hospitals because they wont treat a patient with
       | ivermectin. 50% of the population believe that the election was
       | rigged. No surprise that Trump supports Putin. The US can't agree
       | on whether covid is real, how can it keep promises it made to
       | Ukraine?
       | 
       | The US is a failed power. It is like the UK after it lost its
       | empire: delusional.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superiority_(short_story)
        
         | pettusftw wrote:
         | > It should be on the ground in Ukraine, but it can't because
         | it is spent.
         | 
         | Should it? That's not a foregone conclusion. Your justification
         | for why it "can't" is also quite debatable.
         | 
         | > Meanwhile, the enemy steadily built up a far larger arsenal
         | of weapons that while more primitive were also more reliable."
         | Ironically, the "advanced" technology isn't advanced anymore:
         | the weapons are out of date.
         | 
         | How so, can you expand on justification for this line of
         | thinking?
         | 
         | > 50% of the population believe that the election was rigged.
         | 
         | Not true, but I agree with your overall idea about the extreme
         | levels of division.
         | 
         | > how can it keep promises it made to Ukraine?
         | 
         | What promises? If you're referencing denuclearization in the
         | Budapest Memorandum, my understanding that it was not an
         | assurance of protection from third parties, only an assurance
         | of non-aggression from each signatory. Meaning the US made no
         | guarantee to protect Ukraine from Russia if Russia broke the
         | pact, which they have. Do you have any reason for disagreeing
         | with that assessment?
        
       | donarb wrote:
       | Alternate link to article: https://outline.com/GpZnXy
        
       | actuator wrote:
       | Maybe because of the same reason, "West" can't even not sell
       | Gucci bags to oligarchs.
       | 
       | https://mobile.twitter.com/barnes_joe/status/149719400903862...
       | 
       | If this is true, it is quite shameful on Italy's part
        
         | sjsvsnd wrote:
         | Why is it any more shameful than German BMWs or securing
         | Germany's gas?
         | 
         | So far the Germans haven't given up anything meaningful that
         | they don't already have. Not a cubic cm of gas has turned away.
         | All they've done is delay _future_ flows from NS2.
        
         | estaseuropano wrote:
         | This was some story from before the agreement, and it seems the
         | story lived on. The legal text is not yet out, but you will
         | find it on consilium.europa.eu probably later tonight and can
         | check then.
        
       | HstryrsrBttn wrote:
       | If there are still more than 300bn in Russia: maybe time to
       | deinvest?
       | 
       | Do it. Let them feel the pain. Either the Russian people start to
       | realise what they support with Putin or they don't deserve any
       | more mercy than Nazi-Germany.
        
       | rufusroflpunch wrote:
       | From any adversary's perspective, the ability to shut them out is
       | as good as shutting them out. They need to prepare an alternative
       | solution.
       | 
       | The moment the SWIFT system became political, it was already
       | doomed, and the petrodollar along with it.
        
       | ukraineally wrote:
       | My understanding Germany made a huge mistake in connecting with
       | Russia. Swift and or petroleum product sanctions would just crush
       | germany. This is going to be a key reason. Given the context, no
       | real major war had ever happened in a long time. Perhaps Germany
       | was connecting in order to build relationships. Which may
       | actually be a long term benefit for everyone. In the long run
       | maybe preventing further conflict.
       | 
       | Germany did halt Nordstream 2, which wasnt doing anything yet,
       | but I dont believe they did anything else yesterday? Most likely
       | they fear retribution.
        
         | hef19898 wrote:
         | Well, Germany got gas, very reliably, from the USSR before
         | Russia all the way back to the Cold War. Hickups only happened
         | when Ukraine and Russia couldn't agree on transit fees. Hence
         | Nordstream 2. If NS2 wouod already be live, Russia could also
         | just turm of Ukraines gas. Now they can't without directly
         | hitting one of their biggest markets.
         | 
         | In a sense, not certifying NS2 limits Russias options. Not that
         | I am convinced someone in the Gean government, old or new, ever
         | thought this through so.
        
           | ukraineally wrote:
           | >In a sense, not certifying NS2 limits Russias options. Not
           | that I am convinced someone in the Gean government, old or
           | new, ever thought this through so.
           | 
           | The way I see it and one of my political opinions.
           | 
           | 1. Big business runs governments around the world.
           | 
           | 2. Big business decides the shots and war is bad for
           | business(unless you're in that business)
           | 
           | 3. Those big businesses are who prevent wars from happening.
           | 
           | Then again, this is what forced putin's hands. A ton of big
           | business went to ukraine over US investment treaties and the
           | EU stuff.
        
       | seniorivn wrote:
       | for some reason mainstream media and politicians don't talk about
       | it, but there is an option to maximize chances to stop Putin
       | 
       | detain families of all the people who have any connections to
       | him, and freeze/seize their western assets and accounts. Until
       | further notice. Everyone in Russia will know what it means, and
       | some of Putin's establishment might be able to stop him to save
       | their families and fortunes.
       | 
       | It's absurd that families of most of Russian elites live in the
       | west, all their money is stored in western banks and yet the only
       | sanctions on the table are the ones that hurt the most regular
       | people
        
       | politician wrote:
       | SWIFT is WhatsApp for payments. It doesn't move money, it moves
       | messages concerning the movement of money. The alternative to
       | SWIFT for banks is picking up the phone and calling the other
       | bank to setup a transfer, or setting up a private API between
       | banks.
        
       | dsl wrote:
       | The actual reason is because SWIFT gives the US/EU visibility
       | into all inter-bank transfers, which provides us intelligence to
       | build sanctions on top of. It's the financial equivalent of
       | kicking Russia diplomats out of a building where we have every
       | conference room bugged.
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terrorist_Finance_Tracking_Pro...
        
         | throwhauser wrote:
         | That makes no sense. If Russia had an effective way to conduct
         | its business without SWIFT in the event of sanctions, it would
         | also have a way to conduct its business outside of SWIFT any
         | time it has something to hide.
         | 
         | To follow your analogy, if they had a separate office in a
         | separate building that they could use in the event that they
         | get kicked out of the bugged office, they would already be
         | using it whenever they wanted additional privacy.
         | 
         | The only way SWIFT actually forces Russia to be visible is if
         | it's their only option, so no visibility can be lost if they're
         | cut off.
        
           | dsl wrote:
           | Think of SWIFT like the internet. You can build your own new
           | internet, but you also need everyone else to connect to it as
           | well. If a Russian oligarch wants to transfer money to a
           | Swiss bank to buy a new boat, they'd need to convince that
           | Swiss bank to be part of the new network as well.
           | 
           | At a practical level, swapping out SWIFT would be like
           | changing the engine in your car. You can do it, but doing so
           | is time consuming and prone to risk. Running more than one at
           | a time just isn't feasible.
        
             | treis wrote:
             | >If a Russian oligarch wants to transfer money to a Swiss
             | bank to buy a new boat, they'd need to convince that Swiss
             | bank to be part of the new network as well.
             | 
             | I don't think it's about being actually able to send a
             | message. It's having the transfer of dollars recognized.
             | Say I send $50 million from my account at Sberbank to UBS
             | and then try to transmit from UBS to my boat builder in the
             | Netherlands. That won't work because UBS won't get $50
             | million added to their balance sheet because other banks
             | don't recognize the Sberbank -> UBS transfer since it's not
             | on SWIFT. To them, UBS will be trying to spend money it
             | doesn't have and the transfers will get rejected.
             | 
             | In short, No SWIFT = No Dollar transfers outside the
             | country.
        
               | rowls66 wrote:
               | Absolutely wrong. SWIFT is just a financial messaging
               | system (secure email for banks). Transfers of USD
               | anywhere in the world ultimately require messages to/from
               | US banks. US regulations require that those messages
               | disclose the ultimate payer and payee of every transfer,
               | and US banks must follow US regulations and block
               | transfers that violate US sanctions. US banks are free to
               | use whatever communications channels they choose, but
               | SWIFT is used for 99% of international transfers today.
               | SWIFT has nothing to do with balance sheets and banks
               | recognizing fund transfers.
        
               | treis wrote:
               | >. US banks are free to use whatever communications
               | channels they choose
               | 
               | They're free to choose today because they all choose
               | SWIFT. The second they choose a Russian backed system to
               | evade sanctions is the second they lose that privilege.
               | 
               | Given that, I don't see how your post shows mine to be
               | "absolutely wrong". If anything you're supporting my
               | point that "No SWIFT" really means "No dollar transfers".
        
             | rr808 wrote:
             | > Think of SWIFT like the internet. You can build your own
             | new internet, but you also need everyone else to connect to
             | it as well.
             | 
             | Yes, but if you include China, Russia, Venezuela, Iran,
             | Sudan, Syria that's like 2 Billion people.
             | 
             | CIPS already has big Western banks as part owners.
             | https://www.reuters.com/article/china-banks-clearing-
             | idUSL3N...
        
             | FpUser wrote:
             | >"Running more than one at a time just isn't feasible."
             | 
             | When it comes to money everything is feasible. Banks would
             | use a many systems as needed and will build something on
             | top that will make operations look uniform
        
         | s_dev wrote:
         | >The actual reason is because SWIFT gives the US/EU visibility
         | into all inter-bank transfers
         | 
         | But like clearly it doesn't if Russia and China have their own
         | systems. How would Swift reveal Russian/Chinese internal
         | transactions?
        
           | gonzo wrote:
           | Lack of traffic is also g2.
        
           | dogman144 wrote:
           | Doesn't have to reveal all transactions to be of extreme
           | value on the whole.
        
       | zabzonk wrote:
       | > Why the West is reluctant to deny Russian banks access to SWIFT
       | 
       | Possibly because the banks using it don't really understand it.
       | After succesfuly delivering one project at Credit Suisse I was
       | charged with implementing a SWIFT interface, but no-one, and I
       | really mean no-one, could tell me what such an interface should
       | look like, or how it should be used.
       | 
       | After a lot of mucking around at and around Canary Wharf (which
       | did at least get me to the top of the Canada Square building a
       | couple of times - remarkably shoddy indoors, at least on the CS
       | floors) I came to the conclusion that this was a project that
       | never could work, and left.
        
         | leto_ii wrote:
         | I've heard similar stuff about the Dutch iDEAL [1] system. It's
         | probably true of a lot of complex software systems. These
         | things always remind me of Jonathan Blow's talk (I think here
         | [2]) about the collapse of civilization.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IDEAL [2]
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSRHeXYDLko
        
         | phkahler wrote:
         | I see this more and more. When software infrastructure become
         | mature and stable, the people who built it eventually leave or
         | retire. You end up with systems that people use and
         | occasionally modify, but the real understanding is gone. The
         | ability to make big changes is reduced. Knowing what secondary
         | effects a change may have is nearly impossible. But you can
         | keep right on using it just fine.
        
           | zabzonk wrote:
           | > the people who built it eventually leave or retire.
           | 
           | Exactly right. At Credit Suisse I asked questions of the
           | back-office people regarding the proposed interface that were
           | to use it and notionally understanding it, such as:
           | 
           | - what are you going to do with it?
           | 
           | - how are you going to access it?
           | 
           | - why are you going to access it?
           | 
           | - what's the security to it?
           | 
           | And so on, to no avail. I had really long given up being a
           | systems analyst, but I had to start again, to little avail.
           | 
           | And I had the full (crap) SWIFT message documentation. God
           | help us if we try to bring Putin down via this route.
        
           | hackerfromthefu wrote:
           | It boggles my mind the endemic shortsigtedness regarding deep
           | knowledge of systems that is shown by software owners.
           | 
           | Case in point, higher salaries for new hires without deep
           | knowledge, and lack of retention salaries for those who have
           | years of history with systems.
           | 
           | Another example, getting contracted consulting developers to
           | build business critical systems, without locking in retainer
           | arrangements to ensure continuity of deep support knowledge.
        
             | duped wrote:
             | I mean it doesn't help that the developer class has a giant
             | incentive not to make things that last
        
               | no_wizard wrote:
               | incentives tend to follow other incentives. As noted
               | above, the best way in the industry most of the time is
               | to move companies to get better compensation, and
               | sometimes better workplace conditions as well. Companies
               | don't incentivize people staying around. At bigger
               | companies sometimes - not always though - you can make
               | progress in these areas by getting promoted, however that
               | only works for N percent of a workforce at any given
               | place.
               | 
               | If companies incentivized retention with realistic paths
               | to better compensation and growing your career, they'd
               | see lower turn over with these systems.
               | 
               | There's a reason that in recent times there were
               | newsworthy stories about companies giving out retention
               | bonuses and salary increases when some sticks started to
               | plateau / lose value (and therefore RSUs not retaining
               | value), because its relatively rare
        
               | duped wrote:
               | That's making a giant assumption that the employer
               | considers software development to be a core operation in
               | their business. For a lot of companies, paying for
               | software is like paying for a copier - you buy the thing
               | to sit in the office, maybe you pay for X years of
               | maintenance, and when it stops working you buy another
               | one. Maybe at a business with tons of copiers you'll have
               | staff trained in how to maintain and repair them
               | internally, but that's never going to be considered a
               | core operation.
               | 
               | A _lot_ of businesses treat software like copiers; they
               | don 't want to build it (because they don't consider
               | themselves "tech"). And for a lot of the developers that
               | make or maintain this software, there is little incentive
               | to build it to last.
        
               | no_wizard wrote:
               | That's exactly my point. They don't have an incentive
               | structure so that it is _not_ treated like copiers. We
               | are definitely on the same page here, in that sense. When
               | I can only get 6% increases in a year to my base
               | compensation by staying at a place and get 10, 20
               | sometimes even 30 % by leaving for a competitor doing a
               | similar job, the calculus isn 't hard, all things being
               | relatively equal.
               | 
               | This is just an unfortunate reality, and its true beyond
               | even tech. I have a few friends with MBA's (accountants /
               | finance) and they say similar things about their jobs
               | too, switching every few years to get better compensation
               | and once their growth starts to plateau they just rinse
               | and repeat.
        
               | avgcorrection wrote:
               | Isn't this like saying that doctors have incentives to
               | encourage people to get sick? What am I missing?
        
               | jdbernard wrote:
               | Assuming the giant incentive you refer to is job
               | security, constant purposeful refactors, I don't know if
               | this theory plays out in real life. There are a lot of
               | reasons that software tends to be brittle and short-
               | lived, but I feel pretty confident in saying that none of
               | the teams I've worked with have purposefully engaged in
               | planned obsolescence.
        
       | tonyedgecombe wrote:
       | Is there a situation where sanctions have done anything other
       | than impoverish the general population?
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | What is the alternative?
        
         | gpsx wrote:
         | For better or worse I think that is often the plan. First,
         | presumably the government cares about the welfare of its
         | people. Second it can make the people unhappy with the
         | government.
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | That sure seems to have worked out well in North Korea and
           | Iran and Cuba and also the last time we tried it with Russia.
           | The presence of external threats, in general, tend to
           | strengthen support for dictators rather than to weaken them.
        
             | phatfish wrote:
             | Surely it has? All those countries are crippled
             | economically and only get attention on a global stage by
             | saber rattling or when they decide to start looking to
             | negotiate their way out.
             | 
             | I hardly think Kim Jong Un has "strengthened support" from
             | NK citizens, bar the top elite. They just get shot if they
             | step out of line.
             | 
             | Iran has a similar environment of fear, though not as
             | totally controlling.
             | 
             | I'm not sure what Cuba is like for political repression,
             | but the people are hardly supportive of the government as i
             | understand it.
             | 
             | For what its worth, i don't believe imposing sanctions on
             | Iran/Cuba is reasonable now. With the right diplomacy Iran
             | looks to want to come to an agreement, and Cuba is no
             | threat to anyone.
             | 
             | Russia is in a better position while they have support from
             | China. But there is still an affect. Also, i don't think
             | it's possible to happily trade with Russia as if they were
             | an ally while Putin grabs land from other eastern European
             | countries.
        
               | marginalia_nu wrote:
               | Right, but it hasn't actually accomplished anything other
               | than making their populations suffer. Every single one of
               | these regimes are still around. The sanctions haven't
               | succeeded in anything other than making the countries
               | more miserable places to live in.
               | 
               | If the premise was that the governments would care about
               | their people and give in, or the people would turn on
               | their governments, then no, that's just not happened.
        
               | gpsx wrote:
               | Just to make a counter point, we only know when this
               | doesn't work. We don't know the times people relied in
               | diplomatic solutions rather than suffer these
               | consequences.
        
         | fulafel wrote:
         | The oil embargo against the US improved car fuel economy.
        
         | belorn wrote:
         | The treaties on conflict resources and blood diamonds in
         | particular seems to have worked fairly well in reducing the
         | money flow to war lords. It seems about as effective as arm
         | trade regulations. Naturally it is impossible to prove if
         | either is effective since we can't run a control group with
         | identical circumstances.
        
         | jdbernard wrote:
         | The idea, as I understand, is that it's better to impoverish
         | the population than to kill them (and us) in open warfare. It's
         | not something we want to do.
        
         | tzs wrote:
         | How about the sanctions on Iran to try to get them to stop
         | pursuing nuclear weapons?
         | 
         | They made a deal to stop in exchange for removal of sanctions.
         | That worked for a while but then a few years later the US
         | reimposed sanctions claiming that the deal was not working (but
         | was unable to cite any evidence to support this), so this time
         | the sanctions provide no incentives.
        
         | s_dev wrote:
         | Yes, the sanctions aimed at the oligarchs impoverish the
         | oligarchs.
        
           | ancientworldnow wrote:
           | Impoverished or made slightly less obscenely wealthy. How
           | many are truly penniless and only surviving through state
           | welfare etc?
        
           | knodi123 wrote:
           | I don't know if you can call a slight reduction in an
           | unimaginably massive fortune "impoverishment". Putin could
           | lose tens of billions of dollars and still not be able to see
           | poverty with a telescope.
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | SEIZE THE YACHTS AND REAL-ESTATE
       | 
       | It's not rocket science. Physical assets. All of them.
       | 
       | Every country, especially USA, if there is Russian owned
       | property, it's not theirs anymore. Every holding company or if
       | some oligarch is dumb enough to have something in their name.
       | 
       | Lots of penthouses in NYC and Florida. Seize them all.
       | 
       | Sell them and pay for the funerals of all the innocent people
       | that are about to needlessly, pointlessly, brutally die in fear.
        
         | FpUser wrote:
         | >"Sell them and pay for the funerals of all the innocent people
         | that are about to needlessly, pointlessly, brutally die in
         | fear."
         | 
         | I bet millions of Vietnamese, Iraqis and whole bunch of others
         | are already enjoying a windfall.
        
         | orbifold wrote:
         | That is what happened with German assets during World War 1.
         | One of the reasons why there are two Merck companies today for
         | example.
        
           | ck2 wrote:
           | I was thinking last night about how the USA delayed getting
           | into a war with the Nazis for two whole years while entire
           | countries were taken over. But they even continued to do
           | commerce with them.
           | 
           | I don't expect "boots on the ground" because I wouldn't want
           | to send anyone to their death even if they are young and
           | ignorant so willing to do so.
           | 
           | But hell, the least we can do is make Russia disappear from
           | everything else and close down their world. No travel, no
           | assets outside of Russia to any other country.
           | 
           | They aren't China, we can do that to Russia. China would be a
           | nightmare but not Russia.
           | 
           | They aren't leaving Ukraine ever. Are all the events and
           | cancellations just waiting for things to "shake out"? It's
           | basically forever. Or at least Putin's lifetime but who know
           | who is waiting in the wings.
        
         | tut-urut-utut wrote:
         | If you do that, the issue is: The other side will treat the
         | property of every US citizen, company, or state as a fair game
         | for appropriation, and if not possible for destruction.
         | 
         | Would you risk seizing private property of a Russian citizen,
         | if Russia decides to retaliate by destroying property of a US
         | citizen, wherever in the world it may be located?
         | 
         | Let's please not further escalate, it's time for diplomacy.
         | Diplomacy means agreement, agreement means compromise. We may
         | not be fully satisfied, the other side may also not be
         | satisfied, but we'll both claim a diplomatic win for our side
         | and go on with life. If the alternative is war and mutual
         | destruction, it's the only reasonable way to go.
        
           | ck2 wrote:
           | If there are any US assets in Russia they need to be
           | removed/leave.
           | 
           | Russia isn't leaving Ukraine and they had no right to go in
           | and start killing people.
           | 
           | Diplomacy is before war. Not after a country invades. After
           | they invade you have to make sure they not only stop but
           | never do it again.
           | 
           | If we aren't willing/able to put boots on the ground then any
           | US assets in Russia have to be sacrificed.
           | 
           | If Russia pulls this off without a scratch, next up will be
           | North Korea or China because why not? What is the US/Europe
           | going to do?
           | 
           | No imports, no exports, no travel, no Olympics, nothing. They
           | are a rogue nation acting like a bully and they now have
           | isolated themselves until they leave Ukraine.
        
             | tut-urut-utut wrote:
             | What you describe here is a full blown escalation that
             | leads to the WW3 in the end.
             | 
             | Of course there is diplomacy after the war is started and
             | during the war. It's the only way to achieve any peace
             | barring a total defeat of one side, which didn't happen in
             | last 75 years.
             | 
             | Heck, it was diplomacy that allowed US troops to pull out
             | of Afghanistan orderly, without diplomacy there would be a
             | bunch of dead soldiers.
        
             | honkler wrote:
             | look man, if you are so excited about fighting russia,
             | please volunteer to fight them. Americans are not your
             | pawns.
        
       | kungpao42 wrote:
       | We should de-peer the russian ISPs from the internet.
        
         | cellis wrote:
         | That would just further isolate working class Russians. A
         | dictatorship doesn't need consent of the governed to start a
         | war so many Russian people may not approve and now you can't
         | even communicate with them. I think this would be incredibly
         | short sighted.
        
         | mdaniel wrote:
         | Or take the AT&T approach: throttle their link to 14.4k
         | 
         | > it seems you have exceeded your allotted foreign invasions
         | this century; we're reducing your bandwidth until your next
         | billing cycle
        
           | rcpt wrote:
           | Telegram would do ok at 14.4
        
         | x86_64Ubuntu wrote:
         | This will just lead to a further balkanization of the internet.
         | China and Russia aren't going to sit by and be beholden to
         | western tech and financial stacks when they can be cut off at
         | any time.
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | Nowadays dictatorships take that decision themselves. No need
         | to impose it on them.
        
       | at-fates-hands wrote:
       | There's been a lot of talk if the West does this Putin would
       | react by waging an ongoing cyber war against the US. There's been
       | plenty of articles about how they've been hacking US
       | infrastructure for years now.
       | 
       | I think the fear of a cyber war is stopping them right now.
       | 
       | https://www.wired.com/story/sandworm-cyclops-blink-hacking-t...
       | 
       |  _ANY APPEARANCE OF a new tool used by Russia 's notorious,
       | disruptive Sandworm hackers will raise the eyebrows of
       | cybersecurity professionals braced for high-impact cyberattacks.
       | When US and UK agencies warn of one such tool spotted in the wild
       | just as Russia prepares a potential mass-scale invasion of
       | Ukraine, it's enough to raise alarms._
        
         | oneoff786 wrote:
         | That seems unlikely to work. Russia will probably just attack
         | because it can and will just deny it even in the face of
         | undeniable evidence.
        
       | s_dev wrote:
       | Paywall Removed:
       | https://12ft.io/proxy?q=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.economist.com%2Fth...
        
         | andy_ppp wrote:
         | I actually pay for the economist, journalism costs money and
         | it's not that expensive to sign up. Great app that reads the
         | stories to you if you're doing something else.
        
           | manquer wrote:
           | Expensive is relative to the person, there are plenty of
           | people from developing world here. Even with economist
           | discounts and student pricing it could be expensive for
           | someone.
        
           | Damogran6 wrote:
           | There's no shortage of good news sources...there is a
           | shortage of personal budget. And a shortage of time to
           | consume all of them.
        
       | belorn wrote:
       | The article discuss the benefits and drawback of SWIFT being the
       | dominating banking system in the world, and the risk that cutting
       | of Russian banks from it would encourage the other banking
       | systems to take over. What I find missing from the article is
       | that primary intention of wanting to cut off Russian banks from
       | SWIFT, ie stopping trade between Russia and other countries. In
       | particular, stopping Germany and Italy, the two countries most
       | dependent on Russian oil and natural gas.
       | 
       | If the world want to stop countries from trading with Russia,
       | have a trade agreement that imposes sanctions to anyone trading
       | with Russia and goods that comes from Russia. Right now the oil
       | and gas from Russia is just as bloody as blood diamonds.
        
         | dundarious wrote:
         | Oil from Saudi Arabia is no less bloody. The Yemen war is
         | dragging on for another year, and the civilian toll is
         | unbelievable. I don't think the concept of justice is the
         | primary motivator here, or at the very least, it's an utterly
         | compromised sense of justice.
        
       | sunflowerdeath wrote:
       | For me it looks like all of those banking / swift sanctions will
       | mostly affect regular russian people and small businesses, who
       | will not be able to work with foreign markets. Russian goverment
       | will continue to trade oil and gas like nothing happenned, and
       | will find way to trade other goods through non-Western countries
       | like China. And sanctions regarding high-tech export will take
       | many many months to have an effect. Honestly, it looks like
       | western countries try to decieve people, that they are actively
       | helping to solve this situation, but actually want to leave
       | everything as it is.
        
         | mmastrac wrote:
         | Part of the power of sanctions are to weaken a leader's power
         | over their people. If they lose the mandate to lead, the people
         | may revolt and decapitate the leadership causing the issue.
        
           | Consultant32452 wrote:
           | Dropping bombs on poor civilians looks bad, but starving them
           | to death with sanctions looks good. It's humane really.
        
           | waffle_maniac wrote:
           | It hasn't worked before with Putin but people still believe
           | that if the pressure is strong enough he will change. He
           | clearly doesn't care and no one is going to take power from
           | him.
        
           | select-all wrote:
           | From my first-hand experience of being under sanctions, they
           | do the opposite.
           | 
           | In 2015 Visa and MasterCard banned all transactions in
           | Crimea. It hit hardest the people who were naturally the
           | least loyal to Putin - the upper middle class, IT
           | professionals, and everyone who relied on receiving
           | international payments. I don't know anyone who has changed
           | their opinion about Putin to worse as the result, but a lot
           | of people, myself included, changed their attitude towards
           | West to worse. And even if sanctions will result in the fall
           | of the regime eventually, you can be sure they will be
           | remembered as a hostile action.
        
           | dundarious wrote:
           | It is true that that is the logic, but there are so many
           | modern examples to show it is a flawed logic (Cuba, Iraq
           | before the 2nd war, Venezuela, etc.). I do wish that policy
           | makers were as open about this as they were in the early
           | years of the Cold War, that their goal is to inflict massive
           | pain on the population and pray for unrest. Instead, nowadays
           | it is framed as a direct punishment on the leaders or an
           | abstract notion like the enemy nation or their supposed
           | ideology.
        
           | sunflowerdeath wrote:
           | People fear being jailed, tortured and having their lives
           | ruined by its own government much more than any consequences
           | of economic sanctions.
        
       | oi2j3oi32 wrote:
        
       | yyyk wrote:
       | "Why the West is reluctant to deny Russian banks access to SWIFT"
       | 
       | Because Europe is dependent on Russian gas (thanks to an ill
       | thought out denuclearization drive), and both Europe and US
       | governments prefer their economic and electoral interests over
       | Ukraine or the international order. The rest of the article are
       | really silly excuses (Russia is a relatively small economy and
       | can't meaningfully hurt the dollar etc.).
        
         | yrgulation wrote:
         | Not the whole of europe tho. Its mainly germany.
        
           | Al-Khwarizmi wrote:
           | We are all connected. In Spain we get no gas from Russia (it
           | comes mainly from Algeria), but there are already news that
           | we will send gas up north to help Northern European countries
           | that may experience outages.
        
           | SiempreViernes wrote:
           | In the vain hope that it'll prevent at least _some_ of the
           | bullshit on this issue, here's actual data on the import
           | dependency of European countries from Eurostat:
           | https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-
           | explained/index.php...
        
           | iso1631 wrote:
           | Greece gets half its gas from Russia
           | 
           | Any shutdown would increase gas prices worldwide. Just
           | because the UK doesn't use Russian gas direct, it does buy
           | gas on the open market, when Germany can't buy it for EUR1
           | per unit from Russia, they'll pay EUR1.20 from the UK (which
           | has 50% domestic production, Norway having most of the rest),
           | pushing prices up for the UK and other countries despite not
           | using Russian gas direct.
           | 
           | The failure here was the inability to boost nuclear and
           | renewable sources in Europe over the last 8 years to reduce
           | reliance on Russia.
        
             | sgc wrote:
             | The anti-nuclear push in the last few years in Europe has
             | been extremely short-sighted, and undoubtedly helped make
             | Russia's decision to attack Ukraine easier.
        
               | croes wrote:
               | The opposite is true, nuclear energy has lits of problems
               | in the long run. Many french reactors are shut down
               | because of damages and the US ones have a problem with
               | fake parts.
               | 
               | https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/counterfeit-
               | parts-pr...
        
           | atlantas wrote:
           | Germany shutting down their most reliable source of clean
           | energy, nuclear energy, is an incredible self own. Hopefully
           | now they will reverse that and quickly for all our sake.
        
           | riskneutral wrote:
           | It is the whole of Europe:
           | http://edition.cnn.com/2014/06/16/business/eu-gas-
           | russia/ind...
        
             | yrgulation wrote:
             | Yes and the largest is germany, hence "mainly".
        
               | meragrin_ wrote:
               | The largest number they show is for Germany. The coloring
               | of others indicate they are more dependent than Germany.
        
               | emteycz wrote:
               | No, this is not "dependence". Czechia is darker, but it's
               | less dependent on Russian gas than Germany is - thanks to
               | the nuclear powerplants.
        
           | number6 wrote:
           | Just fill the tanks and then cut off swift: oh we would habe
           | paid if only we could...
        
             | Scarblac wrote:
             | There has been less gas flowing from Russia to Europe for
             | months now, leading to large price spikes. In hindsight
             | that was clearly preparation for this war - the tanks are
             | the opposite of filled.
        
               | thg wrote:
               | Gazprom fulfilled their contractual obligations. Putin
               | being responsible for our MBAs gambling on falling prices
               | and not making long-term contracts just so he has an
               | easier time invading Ukraine? That's stretching it so
               | thin that it's utter non-sense.
        
               | phatfish wrote:
               | Except they were happy to send gas above the "contractual
               | obligations" previous to the ramp up to invading Ukraine.
               | This was clearly planned as a way to exert more pressure
               | on NATO allies.
               | 
               | It's like falling out with IT support. Suddenly your
               | ticket to fix a printer takes 2 days, rather than 5
               | minutes because that is the "SLA".
        
             | krisoft wrote:
             | And then? Countries exist on a larger timescale than the
             | average dine and dasher. How big of a tank this should be
             | in your opinion to work?
        
               | number6 wrote:
               | I guess we can work something out with the president that
               | follows Putin. Maybe the oligarchs overthrow Putin after
               | losing their assets.
               | 
               | Or the gas ships from the US will be there in the next
               | month. Russia is not the only one who sells gas. Just the
               | lowest bidder
        
           | cdiddy2 wrote:
           | Italy is also dependent and didn't want to sanction russia in
           | this way
        
             | yrgulation wrote:
             | Well there will be some damage to eu countries. East europe
             | accounts for 15% of all german exports, being the largest
             | market, should they start playing the sanctions game as the
             | eu seems to enjoy whenever someone is out of line?
             | Basically buying russia's gas means financing a potential
             | war against nato member states.
        
         | WithinReason wrote:
         | I actually wonder if the anti-nuclear sentiment in the EU might
         | have been partly Russia's doing, we know how much they like to
         | influence other countries' public opinion. Getting Germany to
         | turn off its nuclear reactors to rely more heavily on Russian
         | gas before an invasion of Ukraine would make a lot of tactical
         | sense.
        
           | mardifoufs wrote:
           | I think that's veering deep into conspiracy theory territory.
           | I know it's been normalized in the past few year but Russia
           | isn't actually to blame for everything wrong in every
           | country. Do they take advantage of the anti nuclear sentiment
           | since they sell gas? Yes. But is there some massive russian
           | psyops campaign to push that narrative? No. Russian
           | intelligence services can't be incompetent as what happened
           | in the UK seems to indicate and yet also be super sneaky all
           | powerful, election/narrative/social media controlling
           | masterminds at the same time.
        
             | deutschewelle wrote:
             | why is it that even in the face of evidence, people still
             | give Russia so much benefit of the doubt? Putin has been
             | playing chess since the early 2000s and is it so far
             | fetched to think creating a dependence on its energy
             | resources is definitely in his playbook at achieving its
             | goal of attaining power and influence in the region?
             | 
             | I mean my god, have you not been paying attention to the
             | migrant crisis, the funneling of Rosneft incentives to far-
             | right political parties in Western Europe? It's all just a
             | conspiracy to suggest these are successfully weakening the
             | EU?
        
               | mardifoufs wrote:
               | What? I'm not saying russia didn't pay off far right
               | parties or whatever. The comment i was replying to was
               | talking about anti nuclear sentiment. Changing public
               | opinion to that extant would require a much much more
               | involved process than just bribing a few officials.
               | 
               | It's not giving russia the benefit of the doubt, I'm just
               | very doubtful that russian intelligence services are so
               | competent while being much less well funded and having a
               | lot less material reach than their american counterparts.
               | Yet, it would be ludicrous to just assume that even the
               | CIA could have the means to manipulate the public opinion
               | so much that you'd get such a widespread anti nuclear
               | sentiment in big country like germany, right? All of that
               | without getting detected.
        
             | WithinReason wrote:
             | I thought social media manipulation was well known for a
             | long time, just one example:
             | 
             | https://www.technologyreview.com/2021/09/16/1035851/faceboo
             | k...
             | 
             | Quote:
             | 
             | As of October 2019, around 15,000 Facebook pages with a
             | majority US audience were being run out of Kosovo and
             | Macedonia, known bad actors during the 2016 election.
             | Collectively, those troll-farm pages--which the report
             | treats as a single page for comparison purposes--reached
             | 140 million US users monthly and 360 million global users
             | weekly. Walmart's page reached the second-largest US
             | audience at 100 million. The troll farm pages also combined
             | to form:
             | 
             | - the largest Christian American page on Facebook, 20 times
             | larger than the next largest--reaching 75 million US users
             | monthly, 95% of whom had never followed any of the pages.
             | 
             | - the largest African-American page on Facebook, three
             | times larger than the next largest--reaching 30 million US
             | users monthly, 85% of whom had never followed any of the
             | pages.
             | 
             | - the second-largest Native American page on Facebook,
             | reaching 400,000 users monthly, 90% of whom had never
             | followed any of the pages.
             | 
             | - the fifth-largest women's page on Facebook, reaching 60
             | million US users monthly, 90% of whom had never followed
             | any of the pages.
        
               | mardifoufs wrote:
               | Didn't most of those kosovar/macedonian operated fake
               | news farms turn out to be just random private citizens
               | from those countries taking advantage of the situation
               | instead of a massive Russian-run operation? If russia
               | actually ran tons of pages and controlled the narrative
               | we would've known by now using the same tools used to
               | unmask the balkan troll farms. I'm sure some were
               | intelligence operations but do we have proof that those
               | really had any big influence on public discourse?
               | 
               | Unless you are saying that russia could do the same in
               | the future, which I agree is possible but we would still
               | ultimately end up knowning about it. The anti nuclear
               | movement in europe is pretty grassroots and the fact is
               | that we don't have any proof of substantial russian
               | influence on that subject even if everyone is much more
               | on the lookout (as your links indicate)
        
               | AYBABTME wrote:
               | What are the odds that enough of them would spontaneously
               | self organize in an unexpectedly coordinated attack,
               | randomly located within the same region, in a long term
               | persistent manner... just for fun?
        
             | graphpercolator wrote:
             | No idea what you are talking about.
             | 
             | They jumped on electronic warfare as a new type of weapon.
             | 
             | It costs practically nothing to get a huge effect if
             | successful.
             | 
             | If I was a country with limited resources compared to the
             | US , electronic warfare is getting massive funding because
             | of the bang for the buck. There is no conspiracy theory,
             | just common sense.
        
           | pgeorgi wrote:
           | The anti-nuclear sentiment isn't universal in the EU, France
           | is strongly in favor of nuclear power, for example.
           | 
           | Germany is one of the more vocal opponents to nuclear power.
           | Reliance on Russian gas started in the 70s, as part of the
           | Ostpolitik. It was a deliberate decision during the cold war
           | under the theory that trade partners don't wage wars.
           | 
           | The anti-nuclear stance started in the 70s as well (although
           | a bit later) as part of the peace movement (building nukes is
           | comparably easy when you have all the tech around as a
           | byproduct of civilian use. See IAEA) and went in full force
           | after Chernobyl blew up (in some parts of Germany wild
           | mushrooms and boar are still contaminated today). It took
           | until 2000 to bear fruits though because the Green party
           | ("anti-nuclear" is their reason d'etre) first came to federal
           | power in 1998.
           | 
           | The peace movement leaned left and there has been some
           | Russian influence in left circles but it seems unlikely that
           | 1970's Russia ran a "abolish nuclear so you buy more gas"
           | campaign. If there has been any anti-nuclear campaign on
           | their part it was aiming to keep nuclear weapons out of West
           | Germany (none of the above surfaced in East Germany).
           | 
           | The 2010/2011 detour in German politics (delaying the nuclear
           | turn down by 14 years, then mostly re-reversing the decision
           | after Fukushima) is just a minor side note in that (net
           | effect: it delayed the exit by ~5 years).
        
           | deutschewelle wrote:
           | Here in Germany many small independent journalists were able
           | to discover the industrial figures regularly
           | interacting/receiving gifts, trips, stock certificates from
           | Rosneft executives and oligarchs who are essentially actors
           | for Russian government.
           | 
           | but still people seem genuinely shocked and continue to fall
           | back on their myopic cold war view of the geopolitical
           | european landscape by their mainstream media (without any
           | suspicion or question of the narrative) it seems largely the
           | result of being separated by the Atlantic ocean and a bulk of
           | European countries that the average American cannot name.
           | 
           | Already I can see people from Poland and EU countries
           | furiously downvoting and flagging my comments as "Russian
           | Propaganda"
           | 
           | None of this is a surprise to us here in Germany, our
           | relationship with Russia might be shocking to someone sitting
           | in front of FOX or ABC news.
           | 
           | Even more shocking might be how the German elite and the
           | working class view the Ukraine situation. To them, Ukraine
           | was a source of worry due to its cheap labor wages and
           | proximity to Russia would create a competing industrial
           | center.
           | 
           | Even more outrageous might be how many in Germany are
           | actually in favor of Russia's actions to take Ukraine away
           | from EU/NATO.
           | 
           | It's funny to me how people still think EU can last like
           | this.
        
             | hope693 wrote:
             | Hey, i too am a german and can confirm, that ur comment
             | about our politic view is completly wrong. Even former
             | kanzlerin Angela Merkel said, that we need to stoo putin
             | now. So please stop activly missinforming people
        
               | deutschewelle wrote:
               | I see you just created another nick just to pretend to be
               | german. Oh this is quite hilarious
        
             | rr808 wrote:
             | Still loads of Europeans dont trust the US. 3 months ago
             | Russia wasn't that bad and I'd expect most Europeans would
             | be as happy to trade with Russia as the USA.
        
             | BasilPH wrote:
             | > Even more shocking might be how the German elite and the
             | working class view the Ukraine situation. To them, Ukraine
             | was a source of worry due to its cheap labor wages and
             | proximity to Russia would create a competing industrial
             | center.
             | 
             | > Even more outrageous might be how many in Germany are
             | actually in favor of Russia's actions to take Ukraine away
             | from EU/NATO.
             | 
             | Both of those are very strong claims. What are your
             | sources?
        
         | LatteLazy wrote:
         | Denuclearization might not have helped, but we've been reliant
         | on Russian gas a lot longer than the post Fukushima changes...
        
         | dillondoyle wrote:
         | Just another reason green energy & climate change can't be
         | ignored.
         | 
         | I'm more of a hawk on CCP and Russia
         | 
         | But I'm a mega super hawk when it comes to spending painfully
         | NOW to stand a chance against the worst of the worst of climate
         | change.
        
         | munificent wrote:
         | _> both Europe and US governments prefer their economic and
         | electoral interests over Ukraine or the international order._
         | 
         | This is a natural consequence of democracy. By design, leaders
         | of a country can't do something their voters don't agree with.
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | I really hope all of Europe gets serious about reducing their
         | fossil fuel consumption now that it's a short term existential
         | threat.
        
         | cottager2 wrote:
         | It wasn't I'll-thought out. It was an intention decision by the
         | chancellor Gerhard Schroder. Immediately after leaving the
         | chancellorship, he went to work for Gazprom and oversees Nord
         | Stream and Nord Stream 2.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerhard_Schroder
        
         | rr808 wrote:
         | USA meanwhile 10% of oil imports are from Russia - more than
         | from Saudi.
         | https://www.eia.gov/dnav/pet/pet_move_impcus_a2_nus_ep00_im0...
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | now that oil is so expensive shouldn't all the fracking wells
           | come back online? i thought for sure there was a price
           | ceiling on a barrel of oil at around $75. Maybe it happened
           | too fast to bring that capacity back online?
        
             | graphpercolator wrote:
             | For sure. $100 dollar oil makes a ton of supply profitable.
             | 
             | It just won't be here tomorrow though.
        
           | dghughes wrote:
           | And 20% from Canada, it's dirty oil but I bet it could be
           | bumped to 30%.
        
           | oh_sigh wrote:
           | That's a bit different though.
           | 
           | Germany is mostly importing finished products (natgas) from
           | Russia. This is like Russia sending bread to Germany and
           | Germany is eating the bread.
           | 
           | Whereas Russia is sending the US unfinished products (crude).
           | The US is then refining the crude and selling it to someone
           | else. This is like Russia sending wheat to the US, the US
           | making bread out of it, and then selling the bread.
           | 
           | It's much easier to stop baking and selling bread than it is
           | to stop eating bread (if that is all you're eating).
        
         | arcbyte wrote:
         | It's this 75%. Europe needs gas because it's still winter and
         | therefore needs the ability to pay Russia for it.
         | 
         | The next biggest reason is probably just keeping arrows in the
         | quiver. Why exhaust all sanction options up front and then be
         | unable to influence in the future? Keeping the SWIFT sanction
         | option keeps the ability to influence Russia in the future.
         | 
         | Lastly, a minor component is all of the CIPS and other reasons
         | people bring up.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | Also, politically most of Europe seems to have worked itself
           | into a corner where the only politically tenable power source
           | that works well regardless of the weather (which is also when
           | most of Europe has peak power demands) is unbuildable and
           | very expensive (nuclear) or puts them at the mercy of Russia
           | and very expensive (nat gas/fossil fuels)
        
             | colechristensen wrote:
             | Instead of sanctions, Germany could break ground on fifty
             | nuclear power plants tomorrow. _That_ seems like it might
             | actually give Russia pause.
        
               | croes wrote:
               | And then built them the next 200 years?
               | 
               | Stuttgart 21 is still in construction and the Berlin
               | airport took way longer than expected. And these projects
               | don't have the same severe consequences if the
               | construction is botched.
               | 
               | Not to mention attacks.
        
               | tempnow987 wrote:
               | Germany is closing their nuclear power plants and
               | increasing dependence on gas for "environmental" reasons
               | - so this isn't happening.
        
               | 2ion wrote:
               | Europe has lost the hands and the knowledge to do that
               | due to neglect over 30+ years. In order to be able to do
               | such a thing, you need to educate a steady pipeline of
               | people to become professionals that can handle the job.
               | As for contractors who could actually be available for
               | hire to handle this, Korea and Japan come to mind, but
               | both are probably booked out well into the foreseeable
               | future.
               | 
               | When you build a reactor, you probably don't want "first-
               | timers" working on the project for you.
        
               | mr_toad wrote:
               | France recently announced they're building 14 new
               | reactors. By 2050. It's not a short term solution.
               | 
               | https://www.theguardian.com/world/2022/feb/10/france-to-
               | buil...
        
               | elzbardico wrote:
               | 50 nuclear plants are neither cheap or fast to be built.
               | I don't even know if we have the supply chain in the
               | whole world and the technical man power to build 50
               | nuclear plants at the same time.
        
               | arrosenberg wrote:
               | We didn't have the capacity to produce 300K warplanes in
               | 1939 either, but we did it by 1945. It's just excuses for
               | those with power to as little as possible.
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | So? The easy fast solution is what got Europe in the
               | position of not being able to meaningfully sanction
               | Russia.
               | 
               | Yes, doing something big would require many things.
               | Building a bunch of them at the same time would allow you
               | to save many of the pitfalls of nuclear construction:
               | having to redesign each one from scratch.
               | 
               | You'd build power plant factories, fifty of the same
               | plant around the country/continent.
        
               | native_samples wrote:
               | Definitely do not. There are only two companies in the
               | world with the ability to forge the steel needed for
               | reactor hulls, iirc. One is in Japan and has a massive
               | backlog of orders. The other? It's Russian.
        
               | thrashh wrote:
               | Not to mention Germany had just decided to shut down all
               | of their reactors, following Fukushima.
        
               | colechristensen wrote:
               | Yeah well, doesnt seem to be working too well for them
               | with record high energy prices and a geopolitical
               | situation where their hands are tied because they need to
               | keep importing gas.
        
             | ZeroGravitas wrote:
             | This is a popular view on HN. I have never understood why.
             | 
             | Wind and solar are the cheapest sources of power. A decades
             | long propaganda campaign has tried, but failed, to cover
             | that up.
             | 
             | Yet this zombie opinion persists in certain political
             | bubbles that get their information from fossil fuel
             | interests.
             | 
             | And now, when one of those fossil fuel interests invades
             | another nation, the prime culprit is... renewable energy?
             | And it's used as an excuse to talk about how utterly
             | indespendible natural gas is, even though experts want us
             | to dump it as fast as possible? Isn't that oddly convenient
             | for Putin, who seems really well liked by all the same
             | people who tell obvious lies about climate change.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Wow, that's impressively disconnected from reality.
               | 
               | The reason why Germany and indirectly most of Europe
               | hasn't stopped buying gas from Russia is because, despite
               | being a massive (the most massive?) solar and renewable
               | economy, _those don't work very well during the winter_.
               | 
               | I'm literally pointing out the emperor has no clothes
               | which is why they're freezing?
               | 
               | If they were in a climate with better insolation and more
               | predictable renewable sources, then they'd probably be
               | fine. But they aren't.
               | 
               | If they had adequate storage to deal with peak energy
               | demand during minimum insolation, or had another adequate
               | source, then they would have cut Russia off years ago.
               | But they don't.
               | 
               | They used to, but they have been shutting them down and
               | not building replacement capacity.
               | 
               | Instead they're paying out the nose and scrambling
               | because they don't have viable options, and resisting the
               | political motions they would otherwise do because Russia
               | has them over a barrel.
        
               | pgeorgi wrote:
               | > The reason why Germany hasn't stopped buying gas from
               | Russia is
               | 
               | The reason why Germany hasn't stopped buying gas is
               | because there are 12 million gas heaters spread across
               | the country, heating 20 million homes (nearly 50% of
               | housing).
               | 
               | We currently bring up 150k heat pumps a year (mostly in
               | new developments). At that rate it takes some 60-80 years
               | to convert all existing gas guzzling real estate over to
               | electric heating.
               | 
               | > because, despite being a massive (the most massive?)
               | solar and renewable economy, those don't work very well
               | during the winter.
               | 
               | Last I checked it's winter and we just broke wind power
               | records, multiple times in a row. Wind power has
               | approximately the same installed capacity as solar (60GW
               | each). But it still doesn't help those gas heaters keep
               | people warm.
        
               | tempnow987 wrote:
               | There is absolutely no chance you can heat germany on
               | solar in the middle of a cold night in winter. None.
               | 
               | According to the analysis, the price of electricity in
               | Germany, adjusted for purchasing power, is 45-dollar
               | cents (39-euro cents) per kilowatt-hour. This not only
               | puts German electricity costs as the 15th highest of all
               | the countries included, but it also means Germany has the
               | third-highest electricity prices in the EU... The data
               | included in the study refers to the second quarter of
               | 2021, and so does not take into account the surge in
               | prices consumers in Germany are currently facing.
               | 
               | or look here:
               | 
               | https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-
               | explained/index.php...
        
               | pgeorgi wrote:
               | As mentioned in the other follow-up: Even using gas
               | turbines + heat pumps would reduce the required amount of
               | gas due to using environmental energy.
               | 
               | And then there's wind (as mentioned: we just broke
               | records. In winter. At night.), and water (to some minor
               | degree). And theoretically a comeback of nuclear (won't
               | happen). Or hydrogen storage. Or fusion, or whatever. The
               | good thing about electricity is that it doesn't care
               | where it comes from, and there are many different kinds
               | of sources.
               | 
               | On the other hand: Natural gas boilers require natural
               | gas, and so far we don't have methods to synthesize it
               | from electricity - or anything else - at scale. The main
               | argument in their favor is that they're installed: a
               | pretty important argument though.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Peak production (broke a new record) != worst case
               | production.
               | 
               | When the consequence of not having enough production is
               | people literally freezing to death, worse case production
               | matters.
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | Germany is actually a world leader in making climate
               | friendly biogas.
               | 
               | https://www.worldbiogasassociation.org/wp-
               | content/uploads/20...
               | 
               | But yeah, big picture, gas is a poor choice for home
               | heating, and should be phased out for health, cost and
               | carbon reasons.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Another reason why those gas heaters are still there is
               | because even with those wind and solar numbers, it can't
               | replace the amount of energy those gas heaters are using
               | - and Germany is already charging insane rates for
               | electrical power. And those numbers are peak, during good
               | conditions. There will be lulls in the wind, clouds, etc.
               | coming over and over again.
               | 
               | What then?
        
               | pgeorgi wrote:
               | The main reason _this_ house (in Germany) still heats
               | with gas is because it's nigh-impossible to book the
               | professionals who can install a heat pump and modernize
               | the rest of the heating system in a sensible time frame.
               | 
               | As mentioned by another comment: even if we were to send
               | all that gas used for heating into gas turbines instead
               | and use the generated electricity to operate the heat
               | pumps, we'd use less gas (because it's using
               | environmental heat energy in addition to the intrinsic
               | energy of the gas).
               | 
               | That brings the bonus that we could look into alternative
               | power sources (of whatever kind: I'm sure France would be
               | more than happy to assist bringing up nuclear reactors
               | again, although that's unlikely to happen in Germany for
               | a whole bunch of reasons) when gas is difficult to obtain
               | because electricity is electricity.
               | 
               | But apparently we don't have a sufficient number of
               | people who could do the installation, plus it'd be
               | expensive, and even discounting that, I'm not sure if "We
               | need 12 million heat pump systems. Next quarter?" is
               | something that could _possibly_ work even under normal
               | circumstances (nevermind the supply chain issues we're
               | currently dealing with globally).
               | 
               | That's why I brought up the 150k installed units per
               | year: There's probably room for improvement (I've been
               | thinking that there must be a very profitable career in
               | heating installations), but even if we can install 600k a
               | year, we're still looking at 20 years before we get all
               | the old cruft converted.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | Let's say all non-trivial natural gas usage (for
               | simplicity) is heating, and due to heat pumps you could
               | reduce energy required to 1/3 of the energy currently
               | provided by burning natural gas (and at 100% efficiency)
               | 
               | you're still looking at about 4 trillion kWh of energy/yr
               | (possibly a month - hard to get good data) that would be
               | needed to do that switch.
               | 
               | most of it during winter.
               | 
               | Germany currently produces a little over 500 billion kWh
               | of electrical energy a year.
               | 
               | So to replace natural gas for heating in this scenario,
               | Germany would need to produce 9x the electrical power it
               | currently produces. Most of it during the winter.
               | 
               | And not having enough production would kill people.
               | 
               | It isn't a matter of not having enough heat pumps or
               | people to install them, that's just the immediate road
               | block if you individually wanted to switch.
               | 
               | It's a fundamental economic issue that would require
               | investment on a scale heretofore not considered outside
               | of world wars. And maybe not even then.
               | 
               | Right now, we don't even know of a storage technology
               | that could even work at that scale, let alone what it
               | would cost to do it.
               | 
               | And depending on which way climate changes go, the size
               | of storage needs to be potentially arbitrarily large. The
               | more uncertainty you have, the larger it needs to be.
               | 
               | Unlike a fossil fuel, we don't have (essentially)
               | arbitrarily large reserves we can pull from, it all has
               | to be made and stored in advance by the same
               | infrastructure that produces your normal production.
        
               | pgeorgi wrote:
               | As I wrote: Even turning gas into electricity would
               | reduce the amount of gas required. Which might make
               | buying from other suppliers more realistic. Or reduce the
               | amount of cash sent towards Russian military spending.
               | Plus, no matter what is ultimately done, we'd gain
               | flexibility.
               | 
               | The "gas boiler in every second home" scheme locks us
               | into gas to a degree that even "a natural gas burning
               | turbine in every city" wouldn't. But locked in we are.
               | 
               | The push for renewables or the rejection of nuclear power
               | plants is orthogonal to why Germany is stuck with Russian
               | gas.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | It would trade gas burned with capex - and that capex is
               | very, very high, as you'd need to spend more on turbines
               | and electrical transmission gear than all of Germany's
               | existing electrical grid. Many times over most likely.
        
               | AYBABTME wrote:
               | It seems to me that the whole gas debacle between Germany
               | and Russia has been foretold for the last 20 years.
               | That'd have been a good time to start booking the
               | contractor. And I'm really baffled as to why Germany is
               | shutting down nuclear power plants _in the midst of all
               | this_. Is the public opinion's balance so much in
               | disfavour of nuclear vs. peace in Europe?
        
               | pgeorgi wrote:
               | The plan to shut down nuclear power plants is from 2000
               | and ended a (for German terms) fierce societal debate. It
               | was delayed a bit in 2010 (and then un-delayed a smaller
               | bit in 2011 following the Fukushima incident), but the
               | plan has been in force for 22 years.
               | 
               | By now, even the power plant operators aren't very
               | interested in keeping them running for longer because
               | they already planned to turn them off and dismantle them.
               | Keeping them on for longer means a significant investment
               | to them, for unknown benefit as the societal rift will
               | inevitably break open again. They might invest (so they
               | can continue to operate things safely), delay the
               | dismantling (probably also costs money because they
               | likely started hiring companies already), only to be told
               | a year later to shut things down again (all that money
               | for nothing).
               | 
               | An issue in that has been that renewables build-up has
               | been all but sabotaged politically in the last years, and
               | that storage technology didn't develop as well as
               | estimated, making gas necessary as a peak load
               | compensation mechanism, "hopefully" temporarily. Gas
               | turbine operators are whining for years that they're
               | operating at a loss but they're forced to continue to
               | operate (getting the loss just about compensated I think)
               | to ensure the grid's safety.
               | 
               | Other than _that_, gas is mostly used for heating which
               | is a distinct system. As such, any consideration of
               | "nuclear vs. gas dependency in Germany" is something that
               | seems to be mostly discussed outside Germany: No matter
               | how many nuclear power plants we keep up, gas boilers
               | just don't run on electricity (except for their
               | controller module).
               | 
               | As for booking a contractor 20 years ago: There are
               | funding programmes to encourage folks to go for heat pump
               | systems and other modernizations. The last electricity
               | heating system that was widely deployed in Germany _was_
               | horribly inefficient, which is no surprise with
               | technology that was already old in the 70s, and the idea
               | "electricity for heating is a waste" has stuck. The
               | political sabotage that I mentioned extended to not
               | really caring about correcting such misconceptions.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | When it comes to dollars and cents, I think the past few
               | days have made it clear that Western Europe cares a lot
               | less about peace in Eastern Europe than the hopes and
               | prayers rhetoric would have you think.
        
               | muttled wrote:
               | My theory is that nuclear worked best in Sim City and
               | that's where most of us draw our governmental experience
               | from.
        
               | emteycz wrote:
               | Nuclear works well and economically in many countries
               | around the world. You're just acting like everyone with a
               | different opinion is an idiot.
        
               | yyyk wrote:
               | >Wind and solar are the cheapest sources of power. A
               | decades long propaganda campaign has tried, but failed,
               | to cover that up.
               | 
               | Even if Wind and Solar could supply 100% of demand
               | tomorrow, we cannot convert all uses of oil and gas
               | quickly. Renewables may be the future, but they are not
               | today. The attempts of some misguided politicians to
               | reduce Western extraction* of fossils merely subsidize
               | Putin and dictators like him.
               | 
               | * As opposed for attempts to reduce demand and switch
               | supply to clean fuels which are useful.
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | > " _Decades long_ propaganda campaign "
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | And the reality is, even if nameplate capacity is
               | sufficient - effective capacity is not often enough it
               | would be foolhardy to depend on it during the winter.
               | 
               | Natural Gas has a mind blowing amount of thermal energy,
               | and per unit is essentially free compared to anything
               | else. 42-45MJ/kg.
               | 
               | Near as I can tell, Germany imported 119 billion cubic
               | meters of natural gas in Jan/Feb of last year. A cubic
               | meter of natural gas has approximately 38MJ of energy in
               | it, so that is around 4.5 x 10^18 joules of energy or 1.2
               | x 10^13 kWh. Something like 12 trillion kWh.
               | 
               | About 40% of that was from Russia (near as I can tell).
               | 
               | Natural gas and Electric heating probably have similar
               | end efficiencies (taking into account electric
               | transmission losses).
        
               | ZeroGravitas wrote:
               | You seem a really big fan of natural gas.
               | 
               | Have you heard of heat pumps? If you burn the gas in
               | electricity plants you can get 3x the efficiency of
               | burning gas for heat. So if the heating power of gas is
               | that impressive to you, then renewable backed heat pumps
               | must be about 10x as impressive.
               | 
               | You can even hook them up to the nuclear plants that you
               | were supposedly advocating for before this turned into a
               | love letter to natural gas, Russia's biggest export.
        
               | tempnow987 wrote:
               | Electricity prices would be 50 cents+ if germany
               | converted to all electric now and banned gas generation
               | of electricity. This is on the order of a few trillion in
               | extra cost per year (even assuming amazing efficiencies
               | in going electric).
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | I'm far from a fan of natural gas - I'm a realist.
               | 
               | Have you run the numbers on capex to switch everyone to
               | heat pumps, or looked at available grid capacity required
               | if everyone switched?
               | 
               | I'm not saying it's impossible period - I'm saying no one
               | is being realistic about the cost or trade offs, and
               | seems to be under the delusion that some (most of the
               | time) fanciful faceplate capacity number and cheap price
               | for one part of the story means everything is solved.
               | 
               | It's time to do the math.
        
               | dv_dt wrote:
               | Europe has had plenty of time since the last Russian
               | expansion into the Ukraine. A hard future commitment to
               | finance renewable technology now would give Russia more
               | pause now than sanctions that don't stop SWIFT, or
               | temporarily halt of SWIFT. Part of what gives the large
               | fiscal buffer to Russia is that they're one of the
               | largest fossil fuel producers in the world.
        
               | yyyk wrote:
               | I intentionally separated extracting fossils from fossil
               | demand reduction. We should definitely reduce fossil
               | demand for too many reasons, and investing in renewables
               | can help by switching demand.
               | 
               | However, the attempts to reduce fossil extraction don't
               | help the climate (the West just imports from some
               | dictatorship which doesn't care), and ironically have
               | their own negative externality.
        
               | babypuncher wrote:
               | The cost of wind and solar skyrockets when you factor in
               | the need for energy storage, since neither of those
               | sources operate 24/7.
        
           | jdrc wrote:
           | What future? after russia invades hungary or poland or ... ?
        
             | EEBio wrote:
             | The next is most likely Moldova, as it is not in NATO and
             | has a large pro-Russian separatist movement, funded by
             | Russia for the last 30 years.
        
             | yurishimo wrote:
             | Russia won't invade a NATO country. It's not going to
             | happen. Speculating about it does nothing because if that
             | actually happened, we would be entering WWIII.
        
               | jdrc wrote:
               | I think the fact that SWIFT can't be used now, shows that
               | it can never be used, it is not a weapon at all as it is
               | thought to be. Even minor cases like the temporary
               | blockade of iran had small impact.
        
               | jlcoff wrote:
        
               | axg11 wrote:
               | I'm worried this is optimistic but ultimately misguided
               | thinking.
               | 
               | Russia is invading Ukraine because Putin knows that the
               | consequences of invasion will be small relative to his
               | perceived benefits. NATO/"The West" will not risk a
               | larger confrontation over Ukraine.
               | 
               | Unfortunately, I think that same conclusion extends to
               | the smaller NATO countries. Will the rest of NATO really
               | risk a nuclear war if Russia decides to invade one of
               | Latvia/Lithuania/Montenegro/Estonia? As recently as last
               | year, the US had an anti-NATO President. This could
               | happen again in the near future. If it does, Putin will
               | be emboldened to continue expanding Russia's sphere of
               | influence.
        
               | mardifoufs wrote:
               | No, NATO is absolutely the redline and even the smallest
               | nato baltic countries usually have allied troops
               | stationed there. To think NATO wouldn't defend a member
               | state is completely unrealistic and that's one of the
               | reasons this entire conflict started. If ukraine joins
               | NATO it becomes untouchable, even for putin, hence why
               | they were willing to support the donbass rebels and
               | escalate to a war now. If putin was just going for the
               | easiest target and didn't mind NATO, ukraine is hardly
               | the weakest target in the area.
               | 
               | Once you attack a NATO member you are almost
               | automatically at war with all the members of the alliance
               | and you'll probably have to face already present nato
               | troops as soon as the war starts.
        
               | r00fus wrote:
               | Would you say this if Trump was still POTUS? I seriously
               | wonder if the US didn't support NATO actions whether NATO
               | would remain whole.
        
               | mardifoufs wrote:
               | Yes, because he was still very actively supporting the
               | countries bordering russia. He didn't like the structure
               | of NATO but that's mostly because he wanted _more_
               | involvememt from European countries, not less. I don 't
               | think any president would actually back off a nato member
               | getting attacked.
        
               | axg11 wrote:
               | I understand the theory of what you are saying, NATO as
               | an alliance is focused around the "red line". However, in
               | practise, will the US/UK/etc risk a nuclear war over
               | Montenegro? Even today, with Biden and Boris in command,
               | the answer in not clear. With a potential future anti-
               | NATO Commander in Chief there is even more doubt.
        
               | boring_twenties wrote:
               | The question shouldn't be "will NATO risk war over
               | Latvia," but rather "will NATO risk war over NATO."
               | Because if the mutual defense pact is not upheld, NATO is
               | shown to be utterly worthless.
        
               | arcbyte wrote:
               | > Will the rest of NATO really risk a nuclear war if
               | Russia decides to invade one of
               | Latvia/Lithuania/Montenegro/Estonia?
               | 
               | American here. Yes _. Fuck with us. Please.
               | 
               | _ Biden is our president right now and his temperament
               | does seem to be less than what is required.
               | 
               | > As recently as last year, the US had an anti-NATO
               | President.
               | 
               | There's a lot fucked up about NATO and its post Soviet
               | history, including our recent president. However, it was
               | largely neglected and America was bearing the brunt of
               | its cost and few of its benefits. Seeking to make it more
               | equitable and discouraging Russian energy dependence is
               | not the same as being "antiNATO".
        
               | chasd00 wrote:
               | i agree, will NATO think Montenegro is worth global
               | nuclear war? i'm not sure.
        
         | croes wrote:
         | Ill thought denuclearization?
         | 
         | They are expensive and unsafe especially if you think about
         | sabotage, not to mention the most recent problem with reactors.
         | 
         | https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/counterfeit-parts-pr...
        
       | dundarious wrote:
       | One of the reasons that JFK's military advisers were initially
       | against the naval blockade of Cuba and in favor of a full
       | invasion, is that a blockade is essentially an act of war anyway.
       | It is a relatively modern concept to do more than use the
       | _threat_ of  "blockade" level sanctions without a declaration of
       | war (declarations are out of fashion, but a meaningful mutual
       | understanding that the parties are at war).
       | 
       | Just like Syria, Yemen, and several other conflicts, the
       | situation is horrendous, but from all rational perspectives, I
       | don't think Ukraine should precipitate a war between nuclear
       | powers. An economic blockade like the SWIFT proposal would
       | possibly cross over into war.
        
         | sjsvsnd wrote:
         | It is an act of war, but there is a huge material difference
         | between invading and blockading.
        
           | dundarious wrote:
           | In the Cuba context, the military thinking was that a
           | blockade (an act of war) would lead to very quickly to a
           | response and hence, open conflict, so why not initiate
           | conflict with the strategic benefit of a surprise attack. The
           | important part is that they acknowledged that a blockade was
           | so severe, that a response was both likely and in a sense
           | justified (though the latter is not important if you are
           | rational).
           | 
           | Thankfully both leaders at least eventually recognized the
           | cost of such a conflict and stopped following the insane
           | logic of escalation to annihilation.
           | 
           | I make no equivalence between Putin's invasion and a "SWIFT
           | blockade". I'm focusing on the foreseeable outcomes, not any
           | sense of what is "justified".
        
         | barbazoo wrote:
         | Thanks for the context. Indeed it is easy to demand the most
         | drastic measures, but, while that may feel like revenge in the
         | short term, it might not be the best step in diplomatic terms.
         | Diplomacy must be so frustrating at times to work in.
        
           | dundarious wrote:
           | Yes, it's amazing how some of the people I know who are the
           | most embedded in the field (working 10 hours a day, 6 days a
           | week, reading updates on movements on the ground in all parts
           | of the world, casualty lists, diplomatic messages,
           | policy/planning papers) are outside of their work, some of
           | the most cheerful people. It seems extremely demanding.
           | Especially if you're good -- having to disregard most of the
           | information and especially commentary designed for public
           | consumption.
           | 
           | I think the most stark, but in a way obvious, lesson is that
           | we should hold ourselves responsible for the _predictable
           | outcomes_ of our actions. It is no good to say  "our enemy is
           | evil" and do something that we can reasonably predict will
           | lead to an "evil" action by "our enemy". (Of course you can't
           | always minimize in this way, but it's an important point,
           | because there are numerous recent examples where predictable
           | outcomes were very bad, but ideology won out).
        
       | ramshanker wrote:
       | If the west goes ahead, east will have more systems similar to
       | Swift!
        
       | Mikeb85 wrote:
       | Basically Russia and China have alternatives and the west doesn't
       | want to lose Swift's dominance.
        
         | deutschewelle wrote:
         | A bit of this but mostly as others pointed out, EU nations
         | reliant on Russian gas also happen to hold large sway over
         | other members is what is causing reluctance to destroy their
         | own economy to serve the interests of US security umbrella.
         | 
         | One EU country went as far as to remove ALL nuclear source of
         | energy to increase dependence on Rosneft. In this same country
         | many DO NOT WANT another Greece mooching off them and WANT
         | putin to take Ukraine out of the picture before other EU
         | smaller member states with US backing will demand them in.
         | 
         | Likely some talk took place between Xi and Putin to create a
         | barter system, to trade Grain for Oil and vice versa. This
         | explains why Putin is totally unphased by threats of Western
         | sanctions because he realizes the EU's interest is not aligned
         | with NATO/US security goals.
         | 
         | Think about this by supplying cheap Russian gas, they could
         | overnight dictate where the next industrial region in Europe
         | would form. They could sell to Berlin at several times the
         | markup it used to receive while supplying its industrial
         | outsourcing in other European countries with cheaper gas to
         | force to spread out Germany's production chain.
         | 
         | There's just so many ways to manipulate Europe, its no longer
         | clear who holds the ultimate veto power in Europe. Is it the
         | nuclear armed and hesitant Western Europe nations or is it the
         | nuclear armed and hostile Russia?
         | 
         | Financial sanctions just do not make an impact if a country is
         | determined to take its national security concerns known to its
         | enemies.
         | 
         | Putin is not only cunning, he is proving to be far more capable
         | and adventurous than any other leader in the region. Like in a
         | game of poker, fortune favors the bold, or whoever risks more
         | stands to gain/lose more.
         | 
         | Kiev will fall in a few weeks and Russia has barely used its
         | full capacity, most likely to avoid collateral damage that
         | would impact its political objectives: decapitation of the
         | central Ukranian authority
        
       | bsd44 wrote:
       | Probably for the same reason they didn't exclude Five Eyes from
       | SWIFT when they invaded Yugoslavia, Libya, Iraq, Afghanistan and
       | Syria and killed over 1,500,000 people in just over twenty
       | years...lol nah it's about money. They'd shoot themselves in the
       | foot if they did it.
        
         | jaywalk wrote:
         | It was much more than just the Five Eyes countries involved in
         | those invasions, so there really wasn't anybody of any
         | significance left that could have removed them from SWIFT.
        
           | bsd44 wrote:
           | That is exactly my point; you don't dig your own grave.
           | Sanctions are only affective when it hurts someone else, not
           | you. That however proves to be a difficult task in a
           | globalised world.
        
         | steve76 wrote:
        
       | tlogan wrote:
       | I wonder what will be excuse after Putin invades Latvia, Estonia,
       | Lithuania ...
        
       | ecf wrote:
       | It's almost like Putin knows the West is incapable of any
       | meaningful action.
        
       | WastingMyTime89 wrote:
       | Despite the article being clear as most commenters don't read
       | them anyway and considering the amount of non sense I have been
       | reading on HN concerning SWIFT including in this very thread, I
       | think some precisions are needed: - SWIFT is not American. It's a
       | cooperative headquartered and was funded in Belgium. - SWIFT is
       | lead by a 25 members board of directors. No country can have more
       | than two members on the board. - SWIFT is messaging system. It's
       | used to pass orders and it archives them. It is not involved in
       | own these orders are settled. SWIFT is a telex replacement. -
       | SWIFT is useful because banks have automation in place to
       | directly process SWIFT formatted messages. It is important
       | because banking institutions are slow moving and conservative.
       | From a strictly technical point of view, doing what SWIFT does
       | outside of SWIFT is extremely easy. It's all IP based and the
       | messaging format is standardised. - If you read articles about
       | the impact of being disconnected from SWIFT, you will often see
       | the case of Iran being used as an exemple. That's garbage. Iran
       | was hit by US sanctions threatening repercussions on anyone doing
       | business with them using dollars. The figure quoted is not really
       | due to them being cast out of the SWIFT network. - CIPS actually
       | uses the same exchange format as SWIFT but on a different
       | network. It's a good showcase of how easy to do it is.
        
       | hajkrem wrote:
       | Why not limit the funds a Russian citizen can place at EU banks?
       | It's a signal to all the wealthy that they do not have an easy
       | "plan b" once shit hits the fan, and incentives them to create a
       | more stable environment.
       | 
       | Also, why not sanction well-known Russia-paid European spies like
       | Gerhard Schroder and limit their finances within the EU. The
       | Hungarian national TV just aired a pro-russian programme, where
       | an "expert" named Georg Spottle put Zelensky and Hitler in
       | parallel. Why not sanction these guys first?
        
         | vdsk wrote:
         | Russians living in London and Paris are already the most anti-
         | Putin/United Russia electorate. We would be hitting at the pro-
         | West and westernized Russians, not to mention that we would
         | have to carve exceptions all the time for political dissidents
         | fleeing Russia. The second main reason is that it would remove
         | the need for Putin to impose capital controls since the main
         | place these funds would go are western banks. I understand the
         | sentiment and why this might sound a good idea, but it would be
         | very counterproductive.
        
           | hajkrem wrote:
           | Living in London/Paris, earning well (~being affected by the
           | sanction), having "anti-Putin opinion" yet doing nothing
           | lacks any merit. Who else would do the actual work of
           | changing the regime if not the locals?
        
             | vdsk wrote:
             | What do you want them to do? Just go rot in Moscow's
             | prisons? You clearly over-estimate the level of leverage
             | the citizenship has over its government, even in
             | democracies. This is not a democracy.
             | 
             | On that note, do you also want to sanction the Syrian
             | refugees? They're not personally storming the presidential
             | palace over Damascus.
        
       | sAbakumoff wrote:
       | Frget about SWIFT. Why does the West not seize the assets of
       | Putin's friends and family members? Why don't they cancel the
       | citizenship or residence permit for anyone who has something to
       | do with Putin and his gang? All these kids, grandkids, nephews,
       | etc. of the Russian elite.
        
         | DevKoala wrote:
         | Because the west is dependent on Russian oil.
        
         | hiavraham wrote:
         | I apologise if I am too direct, but cannot help it, but say,
         | that these are extremist ideas. Why should relatives or friends
         | be held responsible for actions that are not theirs. In my
         | former communist nation, if one person went against party line
         | their entire family would be prosecuted. The statements you
         | made are unfortunately not hard to find being drawn in the
         | minds of many, however, they are a bitter memory for those who
         | have lived in times when this kind of thought prevailed. The
         | past should serve as a teacher. Unless there is actual proof of
         | their wrong-doing they are innocent until proven guilty, and as
         | such merit the same treatment as anyone else.
        
       | ksec wrote:
       | It is definitely the last one.
       | 
       | >Last, using swift as a weapon against Russia could hurt long-
       | term American interests. America holds sway over international
       | finance thanks to the dollar's dominance and its pre-eminent role
       | in global settlement systems. Further politicising swift would
       | give China an incentive to bolster cips, its rival to swift for
       | cross-border payments in yuan. It would also help China court any
       | country with uneasy relations with America looking for
       | alternatives.
       | 
       | I would imagine there are additional politics in play with
       | disabling SWIFT. I dont how many countries will need to agree
       | before shutting down SWIFT access, if it is at the will of US it
       | would be more like a semi-nuclear option.
       | 
       | Although I am already surprised by CIPS, one eighth of
       | transaction volume of SWIFT is not "well behind". From many POV
       | this already seems like a battle the west are clearly losing.
        
         | giordano-bruno wrote:
        
         | liminal wrote:
         | Will sanctions need to broaden to include China or other
         | countries supporting Russia?
        
           | ksec wrote:
           | They wont, Which is why I said in the last sentence the west
           | are clearly losing.
           | 
           | US Food and Agriculture are already beholden to China. From
           | corn, soy beans, potatoes to Pork ( Smithfield is owned by
           | China ), Tyson has 25-30% of their business in China. If you
           | buy Beef or Lamb from AUS you have a 25% chance buying it
           | from Chinese Owner. Or To Tech from Intel, AMD, Nvidia, where
           | the growth are in E-Sport or PC Gaming in China.
           | Manufacturing or assembly where they have a contingency plan
           | to Foxconn as ICT or more commonly known as Luxshare. RISC-V
           | ( Nearly all Chinese startup getting on RISC-V gets much
           | better funding ) and IMG PowerVR, ARM China. YMTC against
           | Samsung and Micron on NAND and DRAM, BOE against Samsung and
           | LG on OLED. If you exclude Apple and Samsung, the rest of
           | Smartphone market are 80% Chinese Brands. Solar Panel is
           | partially all Chinese. NBA. ( And English premier league
           | which seems to have some following in US, they will be
           | targeting F1 soon ). Even Amazon clothing are losing to
           | SHEIN. Unless someone make a revolutionary leap in battery
           | otherwise the current trajectory would be China winning the
           | price / Whr. ( Not even Tabless Battery from Tesla /
           | Panasonic ). They are gunning for electric car manufacturing
           | and are also the largest customer of Boeing _and_ AirBus. But
           | are working on their own JET. The increasing percentage of
           | patents on 5G to Video Codec from China. To inside influence
           | on tech companies via employees. We have another thread about
           | Reddit and Youtube moderation, that happened already in 2019
           | during Hong Kong protest. And Tik Tok I mentioned in [1],
           | expanding financial services like AliPay and WeChat Pay via
           | tourist influence. And all these circulate back to SWIFT and
           | US dollar as dominant currency. I could talk about it for
           | hours and this list is just for US, there are whole lots of
           | other things from Japan, Taiwan, South Korea and SEA
           | perspective.
           | 
           | For a long time I try not to be blunt but I am sorry I have
           | to write this out so clearly. I hope Ukraine is enough of a
           | woke up call.
           | 
           | I have been wondering if start up linked to certain political
           | agenda will ever get accepted. We cant sit just here and
           | watch.
           | 
           | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30463767
        
           | bombcar wrote:
           | If the EU is unwilling to stop gas shipments from Russia, so
           | much more is the USA unwilling to stop shipment of
           | _everything_ from China.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | tut-urut-utut wrote:
             | Why would China be willing to stop gas shipments from
             | Russia? USA is also not willing to stop oil shipments from
             | Russia, although Russia is the third-biggest oil exporters
             | to the USA.
             | 
             | Independent states usually don't do anything that would
             | harm them directly, they force their colonies and vassals
             | to harm both themselves and the enemies. In this case, it's
             | the EU harming themselves and Russia with sanctions, while
             | the USA and China being relatively unaffected.
        
               | AniseAbyss wrote:
               | The EU isn't harming itself it is protecting 70 years of
               | peace on the continent that is now threatened by a
               | paranoid Russian Czar.
               | 
               | I would argue that this is less of a problem for the US
               | than it is for Europe. China is an American problem
               | Russia is ours.
        
             | mortehu wrote:
             | Isn't it far more important to ensure that they can't use
             | dollars, than avoiding giving them more? They already have
             | dollar reserves.
             | 
             | If we can make dollars worthless for them, they will have
             | given us the gas for free from their perspective.
        
               | eptcyka wrote:
               | That's like using high-velocity lead to remove an ingrown
               | nail.
        
               | mortehu wrote:
               | Many sanctions so far are limiting Russia's ability to
               | use money (in exchange for securities, other currencies,
               | goods or services). I am only proposing that we proceed
               | along the current path.
               | 
               | As an example, denying them imports is reducing the value
               | of their dollars.
        
               | sangnoir wrote:
               | > Isn't it far more important to ensure that they can't
               | use dollars...
               | 
               | It's in America's National Interest to maximize the usage
               | of dollar reserves. Denying China the use of dollars
               | would have a (relatively small) detrimental direct
               | effect, and will set a precedent and likely accelerate
               | the popularity of other reserve currencies.
        
           | throw_m239339 wrote:
           | How do you sanction China when a good chunk of western
           | industries rely on Chinese factories? Without a collapse of
           | western economies? Maybe the people who outsourced all our
           | manufacturing and know how to China should have thought about
           | all that...
           | 
           | We're still in the middle of a chip crisis and haven't still
           | figured out that relying on the region constitutes a threat
           | to our way of life. Are we bringing back all these plants to
           | the west? We aren't...
        
             | mountainb wrote:
             | Yes, this is the problem with sanctions and blockading
             | without actually going to war. The chip crisis will pale
             | compared to the steel etc. crisis in magnitude and
             | importance.
             | 
             | A severe reduction in size of the global economy is not
             | necessarily a "collapse," it's just that -- a severe
             | reduction under either direct or indirect war conditions.
        
               | throw_m239339 wrote:
               | > A severe reduction in size of the global economy is not
               | necessarily a "collapse," it's just that -- a severe
               | reduction under either direct or indirect war conditions.
               | 
               | We have crazy levels of inflation right now among other
               | economic problems and the FED or the EU central bank are
               | running out of instruments to "tamper with". Anything at
               | that point could trigger violent unrests across the west.
               | 
               | Whatever the consequences of "sanctions" are, they won't
               | be happening in a vacuum.
        
               | cudgy wrote:
               | The Fed's tampering is the main reason for the inflation
               | and the corner that they have painted the US economy
               | into. Raise rates to proper levels to fight the inflation
               | they created and risk recession; allow inflation and risk
               | eventual revolt.
               | 
               | Which choice will they make? Should they alone have the
               | power to make these decisions is the true question.
        
               | mountainb wrote:
               | If there isn't peace in Ukraine soon and/or if Taiwan is
               | invaded, it's WWIII and a rate hike won't matter and
               | frankly the depreciation would be so rapid that it would
               | be quickly irrelevant going forward. There would be
               | rationing and a centrally planned economy, like in the
               | previous world wars. Hopefully there are speedy and
               | peaceful resolutions to this so that the worst of our
               | problems is inflation.
               | 
               | The government's debt problems are mostly "to itself" --
               | the commitments to give free drugs and unlimited surgery
               | for old people. Under war conditions obviously those
               | commitments will be defaulted on. But then there comes a
               | much larger and worse commitment to enormous war
               | expenditures, and a far smaller private economy. A couple
               | weeks ago it'd be nuts to say all this stuff but
               | obviously things have changed now.
        
               | cudgy wrote:
               | Unrest in Ukraine alone is not likely to cause a new
               | world war. There has been a civil war mainly in eastern
               | Ukraine for many years already. Ukraine has historically
               | been an unstable area mainly due to its unfortunate
               | position between the major powers Germany and Russia.
               | Ukraine government is better served to remain neutral and
               | avoid provoking the angry bears that exist on each side
               | of the country in my humble opinion.
               | 
               | Not sure what you mean by depreciation during war. Some
               | things will depreciate like fluffy tech stocks, luxury
               | goods makers, and real estate, but other things like
               | certain commodities and possibly food will increase in
               | value.
        
             | kolanos wrote:
             | Inversely, China is highly reliant on the U.S. for
             | agriculture, Brazil and Australia for meat, etc. China has
             | 1/5th the arable land that the U.S. does, with five times
             | the population. You can't eat silicon chips.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | China is nutritionally only reliant on the rest of the
               | world for meat. If they reduce meat consumption, they can
               | provide nutrition for all of their citizens with their
               | arable land alone.
        
               | kolanos wrote:
               | China produces cheap manufactured goods. But the U.S. is
               | the world's largest producer of cheap agricultural goods.
               | In fact, China's largest sources of meat source much of
               | their feed from the U.S. The U.S. also pretty much only
               | produces soy for export to China, as does Brazil. My
               | point is that people thing the global economy would
               | collapse if China stopped exporting manufactured goods,
               | but China would starve without the rest of the world
               | feeding their people.
               | 
               | China may be able to feed its people with its arable
               | land, but the reality is that it would be only at a
               | sustenance level. This is why China is investing so
               | heavily in African agriculture.
        
               | projektfu wrote:
               | A little under half of soybean production is exported
               | from the US. The rest is used here for oil products,
               | protein products and animal feed. Apparently, 90% of our
               | cooking oil comes from soybean (usually sold as vegetable
               | oil).
               | 
               | https://www.bizvibe.com/blog/agriculture/us-soybean
        
           | LatteLazy wrote:
           | The more countries you cut off, the less you hurt them and
           | the more you hurt yourself.
           | 
           | If you sanction every country you're effectively sanctioning
           | yourself, not that that is what you're suggesting :).
        
           | lisper wrote:
           | Sanctions only work when imposed by a stronger country on a
           | weaker one. Ecuador, for example, cannot impose sanctions on
           | the U.S. For this reason, it is quickly becoming unfeasible
           | to impose sanctions on China. Imposing effective sanctions on
           | Russia is already hard enough, and Russia's economy is much
           | smaller than China's.
        
             | pydry wrote:
             | China has hinted before at imposing sanctions on the US.
             | 
             | It's the first country that has been able to make that
             | threat credibly in.... ohhh, a long long time.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | They've imposed sanctions on US weapon companies
               | recently. Soon once their domestic airplanes are semi-
               | competitive with Airbus, they may even sanction Boeing.
        
               | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
               | This is what I suspected would happen once the US
               | sanctioned Russia.
        
             | lazide wrote:
             | That ship sailed awhile ago - as was quite clear during the
             | Trump admin, the US can't effectively apply sanctions to
             | China, and even moderate trade disagreements didn't
             | actually go the way the US wanted it to.
             | 
             | Additionally, if you want to see a crushing economic
             | situation, imagine if China started to raise prices during
             | already high USD inflation.
        
         | lordnacho wrote:
         | But if SWIFT is already in play, everyone already has a reason
         | to diversify, and will do so.
         | 
         | You can't be making threats and not expect people to try to
         | avoid the thing you're threatening.
         | 
         | Also you can't be hesitating on everything that seems like a
         | one-off. Then you really don't have a lot of sticks to shake at
         | people.
         | 
         | This whole thing is so embarrassing for the West. We won't let
         | Ukraine into NATO, we won't promise not to, we won't send
         | troops, we won't send much help at all, we won't sanction all
         | Russian nationals (yes it's heavy handed), we won't sanction a
         | few thousand top regime officials, we won't sanction just the
         | oligarchs, we won't stop them living in the West, we won't even
         | stop them sending money home.
        
           | simonh wrote:
           | Exactly. Alternatives to swift are already growing and will
           | continue to do so. What's more important, protecting Ukraine,
           | Taiwan and anywhere else under threat, or slowing down the
           | erosion of something already being eroded. Lives matter,
           | swift will do just fine without Russia.
           | 
           | This asshole is at war with us. It's about time we went to
           | war back. Yes it would be costly, but it would have been a
           | lot less costly if we'd done more than wring our hands over
           | Crimea. The cost of dithering is going up and up, so what's
           | the answer? More dithering?
        
             | qiskit wrote:
        
               | Consultant32452 wrote:
               | Just because the US/West is in the lead of the empire
               | game at the moment doesn't mean the other empires aren't
               | a problem. We aren't the first empire and won't be the
               | last. China, in particular, is in a massive expansion
               | into Africa. If there was not competition from US/West
               | for power, it would be moving much faster and more
               | aggressively/violently as it had in the past.
               | 
               | The ideal for the common person would be no empires. If
               | that is a fantasy, then the next best thing would be some
               | sort of minimally violent stalemate.
        
           | tablespoon wrote:
           | > But if SWIFT is already in play, everyone already has a
           | reason to diversify, and will do so.
           | 
           | > You can't be making threats and not expect people to try to
           | avoid the thing you're threatening.
           | 
           | > Also you can't be hesitating on everything that seems like
           | a one-off. Then you really don't have a lot of sticks to
           | shake at people.
           | 
           | Exactly. It's possible to be too reluctant to "save" a weapon
           | for next time. You can get to the point that you wasted it
           | because you let it gather dust until it was ineffective.
        
           | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
           | > we won't sanction all Russian nationals
           | 
           | It would be nice to see a mass deportation of Russian mafia.
        
             | fsn4dN69ey wrote:
             | Why should dual citizens living in other countries suffer,
             | especially if they've lived there for decades?
             | 
             | Asking for myself.
        
               | lordnacho wrote:
               | Slightly disrupt, in a pretty small way, a few thousand
               | people connected to the regime
               | 
               | vs
               | 
               | a bunch of Ukrainian civilians get killed, their homes
               | destroyed, thousands of refugees, and troops on both
               | sides die and are horribly injured.
               | 
               | No idea if you're connected to the regime, but it would
               | be unfortunate to mess up your life in the west. But
               | there's a tolerable amount of collateral damage. This
               | goes back to hurting yourself to hurt the bad guy, it's
               | not a western ideal to harm the innocent, but we might
               | end up where it happens and we shouldn't be paralyzed by
               | the possibility.
        
               | hkt wrote:
               | Not exactly a convincing expression of support for
               | people's human rights, especially those of fellow
               | citizens with dual nationality. Wouldn't exactly be a
               | good look.
               | 
               | A better solution is to clean up the financial sector,
               | especially the City of London, and to move to renewables
               | ASAP to break the hold of all petrostates on the West.
        
         | throwoutway wrote:
         | I figured the sanctions would drive Russia into the arms of
         | CIPS
        
         | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
         | Yeah, I am sure CIPS won't be used politically.
        
         | ren_engineer wrote:
         | I've been saying this for awhile, the US is screwed when the
         | dollar loses reserve currency status and kicking Russia out of
         | SWIFT accelerates the timeline for that dramatically. The fact
         | India hasn't said a word about Russia and Pakistan PM is
         | meeting with Putin right now is telling
         | 
         | The US has been outplayed by China so badly it's almost
         | laughable, Chess vs Checkers for decades now
        
           | sinyug wrote:
           | > India hasn't said a word about Russia
           | 
           | Why should we? When China killed 20 of our soldiers in
           | 2020,[1] the whole world prayed for "de-escalation and a
           | peaceful resolution." And that is what India will say in the
           | Ukraine-Russia conflict.
           | 
           | [1] 2020-2022 China-India skirmishes (https://en.wikipedia.or
           | g/wiki/2020%E2%80%932022_China%E2%80%...)
        
             | ren_engineer wrote:
             | I'm agreeing that it is a wise decision. I put that in
             | there because people in this thread are acting like India
             | will blindly follow the US against Russia/China with things
             | like sanctions. The US is in a weak position right now due
             | to a number of dumb foreign policy decisions, going nuclear
             | by kicking Russia off SWIFT would have even allies
             | questioning SWIFT and cause the US to lose even more
             | control over the financial system
             | 
             | India is doing what's in the best interest of their people,
             | which is what a government should do
             | 
             | https://www.reuters.com/world/india/india-explores-
             | setting-u...
        
             | wolverine876 wrote:
             | Every country in the world has suffered many such slights,
             | but somehow we have to and we do cooperate, to our great
             | mutual benefit. The slights are used by those who want
             | division, in every country (and if they can't think of one,
             | they make them up anyway). Why should India sacrifice it's
             | larger interests to temporary outrage - never a good idea
             | in international or personal relations.
             | 
             | (Also, China didn't attempt to conquer India, attacking
             | Delhi, Mumbai; annexing the south, etc. The comparison is
             | very exaggerated.)
        
               | sinyug wrote:
               | > China didn't attempt to conquer India
               | 
               | China illegally occupies Aksai Chin. Pakistan illegally
               | occupies parts of Kashmir. We have fought multiple wars
               | with both countries over the last 75 years with very
               | little help from outside parties. When the rest of the
               | world goes beyond mere words to help restore these
               | territories to India, I am sure India will be more than
               | happy to move beyond mere words in similar situations.
        
           | HstryrsrBttn wrote:
        
         | temp8964 wrote:
         | I don't buy this logic. If China can get dominance, there is no
         | reason for it to wait for the SWIFT to ban those bad actors.
         | They can start their own system on the side right now.
        
           | ksec wrote:
           | >They can start their own system on the side right now.
           | 
           | CIPS is their own system.
        
         | rurp wrote:
         | I had the same thought as your last point. Regardless of what
         | happens with SWIFT now China will keep pushing hard to reduce
         | it's US dependencies and is clearly well on their way.
         | 
         | Keeping your powder dry isn't so useful when it's evaporating
         | in front of you.
        
           | gaoshan wrote:
           | Reducing dependencies on rivals is a good idea. China is
           | doing it because they know what they would do if they hold
           | the dependency of a rival (like the US) firmly in hand. The
           | US should take very serious heed of this because if we are
           | too dependant on China for something critical it will
           | eventually come to bite us. The supply troubles caused by the
           | pandemic are a tiny foreshadowing of what will happen if we
           | ever find ourselves too dependent on something important from
           | a country like China.
        
             | mvc wrote:
             | How much do you think the GDP of China would be impacted if
             | there was nothing left of NATO to buy their wares?
             | 
             | We're all dependent on each other. This retreat into
             | isolationism just presents an illusion of non-dependency.
             | 
             | We need to start thinking more collectively
        
             | cudgy wrote:
             | This is far too logical for the United States to implement.
             | People want cheap stuff and companies want cheap
             | manufacturing. It took the great political shock of an
             | unstable outsider getting elected as President of the
             | United States who was not afraid to counter the globalists
             | and a pandemic to alert the citizens of glaring shortages
             | of manufacturing capacity to finally bring this issue into
             | discussion. However, it appears this realization will not
             | be enough to alter course and begin manufacturing more
             | products at higher cost in the United States.
             | 
             | What realistic measures beyond tariffs can accomplish a
             | shift toward a reduction of US dependency on China? A
             | dependency which creates more risk for not only the US but
             | the world as a whole due to the obvious potential for
             | conflicts that will arise when China uses their
             | manufacturing prowess to apply the screws to the many
             | nations that depend on it.
        
               | mgkimsal wrote:
               | US (and maybe Canada too?) fostering IT infrastructure
               | plants in Central America. The whole "huge migrant forces
               | leaving Central America for the US" (to the extent that
               | it's a factor) could be stemmed with more infrastructure
               | jobs there. The IT infrastructure we need to maintain
               | independence from larger potential adversaries. Intel and
               | others have some chip manufacturing in some Central
               | American locations - increase that. Increase chip and
               | other IT related manufacturing plants closer to our
               | hemisphere. Lift up these economies closer to home -
               | reduce shipping/transit costs.
               | 
               | Tax policies that favor more IT manufacturing in Central
               | America may already be in place. If not, put in place. If
               | there, tweak some levers to increase activity to closer
               | to our borders and further away from countries that are
               | gaining too much control over strategic resources.
        
           | MR4D wrote:
           | China has one dependency they cannot get rid of - Americans
           | buy tons of their stuff, and if they get rid of that, China
           | has a big problem.
        
             | stickfigure wrote:
             | Not just Americans. If all 30 NATO nations threatened to
             | halt trade, China would be in a tough position.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | " If all 30 NATO nations threatened to halt trade"
               | 
               | That would be effectivly the same as launching nuclear
               | missiles? Mutual destruction economically.
        
               | stickfigure wrote:
               | Why do you think that? For the major countries of NATO,
               | China is one of many trading partners. China is only
               | about 16% of US trade. Would it hurt? Sure. But nowhere
               | near as much as having nearly 90% of your major trading
               | partners disappear.
               | 
               | NATO coordinated economic action is extremely asymmetric.
               | Compare these two lists:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_largest_trading
               | _pa...
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_the_largest_trading
               | _pa...
        
               | hodgesrm wrote:
               | > That would be effectivly the same as launching nuclear
               | missiles? Mutual destruction economically.
               | 
               | No. Nuclear war potentially would kill many millions of
               | people. Let's keep matters in perspective.
        
               | bllguo wrote:
               | and why would that happen? 1. it's utterly, completely
               | out of scope of NATO's purpose 2. Europe does not share
               | America's attitude towards China
        
               | AniseAbyss wrote:
               | This is the difference between China and Russia.
               | 
               | The CCP is in power because it has promised Chinese
               | citizens wealth. China actually really doesn't want to be
               | a pariah.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | Convincing Americans to stop buy their wares is a huge
               | task. Any political group that halts those wares from
               | coming in would face huge upheaval. People are much more
               | interested in their day to day comfort than something
               | halfway across the globe (from a US perspective).
        
               | MR4D wrote:
               | I agree completely. However, there are many situations
               | where it can be reduced. For instance, I've heard chatter
               | about people wondering about Apple's exposure to China[0]
               | should China back Russia in the Ukraine conflict. At some
               | point, it would be within Apple's best interest to look
               | at reducing their dependency on a possible opponent.
               | 
               | [0] - Obviously we can pick any number of company and
               | country matchups for this discussion, but China is
               | obviously the relevant discussion point to this topic,
               | and Apple is a huge American company, so the example is
               | much less esoteric than others. I'm not picking on Apple
               | here at all.
        
               | baybal2 wrote:
               | iWatches might just got sanctioned because of their glass
               | comes from Russian company with state links. They chose
               | to save on Corning's glass, with dire consequences for
               | themselves.
        
               | ClumsyPilot wrote:
               | Always nice when a company with 70% margin chooses to
               | save a few pennies
        
               | riku_iki wrote:
               | > Convincing Americans to stop buy their wares is a huge
               | task.
               | 
               | Its actually super easy, you impose 200% tariff, and
               | people will start buying from Korea, Indonesia, Brasil
               | and India.
        
               | kube-system wrote:
               | You would need to do that slowly or you'd really piss off
               | voters. And even if you do it slowly, you'll probably
               | piss them off enough that they'll vote in someone who
               | will erase what you've done.
        
               | riku_iki wrote:
               | I think if things will come to 200% tariff, it would mean
               | something serious happened already, and voters will be
               | enraged/educated to some extent already.
               | 
               | But yes, it is multi-factor optimization (voters,
               | economy, geopolitics), though it looks like there is some
               | consensus over certain topics between politicians, e.g.
               | Biden didn't remove Trump tariffs, and didn't stop
               | withdrawal from Afghanistan.
        
               | sudosysgen wrote:
               | That's a great way of skyrocketing inflation.
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | You're skipping the step where all of the US retailers
               | must switch to new suppliers at the flip of a switch. How
               | long does that take before their current supplies run out
               | and customers go else where? Looking at the current
               | supply chain conundrum, I'd suggest that would be a
               | larger issue than you're giving it credit.
        
               | riku_iki wrote:
               | You can do it gradually (2-3 years). Trump already
               | imposed 25% tariff on China goods, and nothing dramatic
               | happened, and I bet many people switched to goods from
               | other countries. One example: I am into electric guitars,
               | and almost all manufacturers moved from China because of
               | tariff risks.
        
               | johnzim wrote:
               | A huge task indeed but perhaps less than people think.
               | 
               | Chinese imports are heavily overrepresented in certain
               | sectors (Tech for instance) but the US imports far less
               | than most other countries. It's one of the peculiarities
               | of the global economy.
        
               | tempnow987 wrote:
               | I'm just curious if this is true if you back china into a
               | corner. I'd imagine they'd take over taiwan and south
               | korea? Is our tech sector really immune from this kind of
               | major conflict?
               | 
               | How much flash RAM etc do we produce locally etc?
        
               | nebula8804 wrote:
               | Tech is really important. But there is also all the
               | little things that you just interact with on daily life.
               | Things like cutlery, soap dispensers, and so much more.
               | Sure the US could make all this stuff but the country
               | deeply relies on the cost imbalance to maintain the
               | standard of living they have had for decades. Thats most
               | people's entire lives.
               | 
               | I am reminded of this Purism phone that you can buy as a
               | US made or China made version.
               | https://shop.puri.sm/shop/librem-5/ China: 799$ (now
               | 1200$ due to rising supply chain costs) USA: 2000$
               | 
               | I guess we are lucky in that most of our food and
               | infrastructure related items seems to be local.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | That specific example is not as revealing as it might
               | seem, because in addition to a difference in supply
               | costs, there's a difference in how much a hypothetical
               | person who doesn't care about money but cares about it
               | being made in the US will pay _on top_ of supply cost
               | differences.
        
               | nebula8804 wrote:
               | Yeah I guess you are right, its just that there is not
               | many examples I can provide because they just don't exist
               | at all. Could Apple with their supply chain experience
               | and clout get that 2000$ price down? Yeah probably. But
               | it helps to illustrate my main point: The West has
               | essentially been cheating by exploiting the purchasing
               | power differential for decades and eventually it may
               | finally collapse on them.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | In an idealized situation, every company in the world
               | will all move to a country to make an extra $0.01/unit,
               | if they can all make it and make it reliably.
        
         | lumost wrote:
         | I suspect that the semi-nuclear option will get pulled sooner
         | rather than later. Ultimately we are seeing a world where the
         | west is extending financial, economic, societal, and diplomatic
         | infrastructure to countries which actively disagree with the
         | security, co-operation, and economic principals required for
         | those institutions to exist.
         | 
         | This situation is untenable in the long run.
        
           | bostonsre wrote:
           | Is it feasible to throttle swift transactions to/from a
           | country? Wonder if that could be a middle ground between full
           | throughput and complete disconnection..
        
           | wolverine876 wrote:
           | > I suspect that the semi-nuclear option will get pulled
           | sooner rather than later. Ultimately we are seeing a world
           | where the west is extending financial, economic, societal,
           | and diplomatic infrastructure to countries which actively
           | disagree with the security, co-operation, and economic
           | principals required for those institutions to exist.
           | 
           | There's another option, which is growing the rules-based
           | international order (as it's called). It had been growing for
           | decades, and despite a bad few years, it is bigger than ever
           | from any perspective other than ~2010 - for example, consider
           | it from the perspective of 1985. And growing it is incredibly
           | beneficial economically, for security, and for freedom - a
           | far better outcome.
           | 
           | The semi-nuclear option only achieves short-term survival; it
           | does not build a world for our future.
           | 
           | The main obstacle to growing it is not China and Russia, but
           | the far-right nativist, reactionary political movements in
           | democracies, especially the Republicans in the US. They
           | oppose it (though being reactionaries, have no solution with
           | which to replace it).
        
             | EVdotIO wrote:
             | That is a scary paragraph you put down there.
        
         | DrBazza wrote:
         | It's this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeriepieris_circle
         | 
         | Half the world's population lives with a 2500 mile radius
         | circle centred over the South China Sea. There's a market.
        
           | mohanmcgeek wrote:
           | I really love maps like this
           | 
           | But how's this related to SWIFT?
        
             | rconti wrote:
             | One post up. China, CIPS, strategic interests.
        
               | mohanmcgeek wrote:
               | is proximity to the country that owns a transaction
               | processing system relevant in a fully digital world?
               | 
               | Do you see India and Japan (and Vietnam and South Korea,
               | all within the circle) joining a system controlled by
               | China.
               | 
               | India has its own SWIFT alternative as a matter of fact
        
               | sandworm101 wrote:
               | >> is proximity to the country that owns a transaction
               | processing system relevant in a fully digital world?
               | 
               | Very much yes. Think of two people trading rice between
               | china and the Philippians. That rice is not digital. It
               | is traveling across a not-digital ocean on a not-digital
               | ship. If something goes wrong with a payment they would
               | much rather be dealing with someone in the same timezone
               | who can address the issue before the non-digital ship
               | gets locked down somewhere. When things go very wrong,
               | they don't want to be shopping for a European lawfirm to
               | help with a matter between two Asian businesses.
               | Timezones, language and local understanding still matters
               | for realworld trade.
        
               | mohanmcgeek wrote:
               | > something goes wrong with a payment they would much
               | rather be dealing with someone in the same timezone
               | 
               | These systems are for the banks to transfer between
               | them..
               | 
               | If a payment goes wrong, it's still the bank's problem.
               | This is opaque to the end user if I understand it
               | correctly.
               | 
               | And Going by this logic would the entire world also stop
               | using Gmail and start using Alibaba/Tencent's email
               | service?
        
               | tempnow987 wrote:
               | One nit, many developing countries do pick overseas legal
               | systems to resolve commercial disputes because local
               | systems are not workable / usable. So you might be in
               | india and philippines, but use a london bank for a letter
               | of credit and agreements / bills of lading that are
               | handled in London
               | 
               | https://www.gov.uk/courts-tribunals/commercial-court
               | 
               | A winning combo is a functioning, fair, nonpolitical
               | legal system that works QUICKLY and predictably (fairness
               | a bit secondary) and banking / finance so decisions can
               | be enforced more easily.
        
               | sremani wrote:
               | No, India will not let its financial graph be owned by
               | China. US or EU its a different matter -- even then, as
               | India becomes stronger economy would carve its own
               | platform.
        
               | vasco wrote:
               | Countries in the proximity of other countries are more
               | likely to have larger trade volumes between them,
               | increasing the chances they hold each others currencies
               | in reserves and have incentives to use a common payment
               | network. This is why geographic proximity is relevant
               | even in a fully digital world. At least while a
               | significant portion of trade consists of physical goods
               | that have to be moved across borders.
        
           | Erwin wrote:
           | I love how this widely quoted term originated on reddit. You
           | can get something named after you after as a layman, like
           | Fermat's Last Theorem, just best avoid coming up with it on a
           | reddit account with an obscene name!
        
         | sam_lowry_ wrote:
         | > how many countries will need to agree before shutting down
         | SWIFT access
         | 
         | Its HQ is in Belgium, so technically, this can be a unilateral
         | decision by Belgian PM De Croo. In practice, as it was the case
         | with Iran, US and EU have to reach political agreement before
         | De Croo would budge.
        
           | chasd00 wrote:
           | isn't it a private company? If so, it would seem they could
           | "de=platform" anyone at any time for any reason.
        
             | sam_lowry_ wrote:
             | It is a cooperative https://kbopub.economie.fgov.be/kbopub/
             | toonondernemingps.htm...
        
           | wolverine876 wrote:
           | > Its HQ is in Belgium, so technically, this can be a
           | unilateral decision by Belgian PM De Croo.
           | 
           | How does the Belgian PM have power over it? The United
           | Nations is headquartered in New York, but that doesn't give
           | anyone in the US unilateral power over it.
        
             | science4sail wrote:
             | Presumably the PM could coerce the SWIFT staff to do some
             | action (see the fears European countries have about the
             | relationship between the US government and its tech
             | companies).
        
               | sam_lowry_ wrote:
               | This is how it worked for Iran sanctions.
        
           | eunos wrote:
           | Huh didn't know that there's new Belgian PM. In my mind the
           | Belgian PM is still either di rupio or Charles Michel.
        
         | hanniabu wrote:
         | > Further politicising swift would give China an incentive to
         | bolster cips
         | 
         | It's not just China, but also crypto. This can already be seen
         | with Ukrainians using stablecoins because they don't have
         | access to banks.
        
         | rjzzleep wrote:
         | A lot of weapons are a lot scarier when you don't know what
         | they are and what their impact is. You can't kick the BRICS out
         | of SWIFT and expect the world to still take you serious.
         | 
         | Decades of crippling sanctions have also taught China and
         | Russia how to bypass altogether with certain countries. Short
         | term it will probably sting, but long term its a death sentence
         | to SWIFTs position.
        
           | wolverine876 wrote:
           | > Decades of crippling sanctions have also taught China and
           | Russia how to bypass altogether with certain countries.
           | 
           | What crippling sanctions have been imposed on China and
           | Russia for decades? China's economy in particular has been
           | very involved in international trade - probably more than any
           | other.
        
           | MattGaiser wrote:
           | Isn't the fact that the US controls it already a death
           | sentence to it as far as Russia and China are concerned?
        
             | dangerlibrary wrote:
             | Yes.
        
             | wolverine876 wrote:
             | They don't have the power to change it, though China might
             | eventually. And they do benefit from it - international
             | relations are rational, not so partisan; just because a
             | competitor is involved doesn't make it wrong. The rules-
             | based, US-led interational order brings enormous benefits
             | to China and Russia.
        
           | MR4D wrote:
           | Swift won't die until either the US Dollar dies, or the
           | government replaces it with something newer.
           | 
           | EDIT:
           | 
           | Technically, the US Government doesn't "control" SWIFT, but
           | through banking regulations, their influence is way bigger
           | than it looks than their 2 board seats would suggest.
        
             | tsimionescu wrote:
             | The supremacy of the US dollar is partly held up by SWIFT.
             | If most countries move to non-SWIFT payments, the US dollar
             | will weaken.
        
               | MR4D wrote:
               | The Dollar may indeed weaken, but then Americans will not
               | be able to afford to buy as much imported goods from
               | other countries, which will hurt those exporters. China
               | will probably lose the most.
        
             | MR4D wrote:
             | I notice this post got some downvotes. My statement is not
             | a political one, it is a practical one.
             | 
             | Anyone who works with SWIFT understands that the system
             | exists at the pleasure of the Americans. If the US decides
             | to not allow SWIFT, then it will disappear quickly.
             | Likewise, the US has the ability to regulate, and does
             | regulate, the systems that are used for transferring money.
             | 
             | And to quote from the FFIEC [0], who regulates this stuff
             | (well, one of the regulators at least):
             | "SWIFT is used to transmit foreign exchange confirmations,
             | debit and credit entry confirmations, statements,
             | collections, and documentary credits."
             | 
             | That's a ton of US Dollars that aren't going away, so SWIFT
             | won't either.
             | 
             | [0] - https://bsaaml.ffiec.gov/manual/RisksAssociatedWithMo
             | neyLaun...
        
           | jeswin wrote:
           | > You can't kick the BRICS out of SWIFT
           | 
           | Why would you need to kick BRICS out of SWIFT? India is a US
           | ally on Quad, South Africa and Brazil aren't allied with
           | Russia either. And at this point, no one is talking about
           | kicking China out of SWIFT.
        
             | abhishekjha wrote:
             | > India is a US ally on Quad
             | 
             | India has a different perspective for what does that
             | exactly entail. India has its own UPI and Rupay systems. It
             | sure would see SWIFT falling.
        
             | themgt wrote:
             | The Quad is threadbare pseudo-alliance specifically
             | designed around containing China, period. India has long
             | been friendly with Russia and is non-committal on the
             | Ukraine situation and is apparently talking about "how to
             | establish a rupee payment mechanism for trade with Russia
             | to soften the blow of Western sanctions"[1]
             | 
             | It would be wise to assess how much the rest of the world
             | is willing to go along with isolating Russia before we go
             | in sanction-guns blazing and wind up isolating ourselves
             | instead.
             | 
             | [1]
             | https://twitter.com/SamRamani2/status/1497162914586898475
        
             | nradov wrote:
             | India is only loosely a US ally on issues of mutual
             | interest. They also have fairly good relations with Russia
             | and don't much care what happens to Ukraine.
        
             | throwaway4good wrote:
             | Are you sure that India is an US ally wrt. Russia?
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | India has its own interests (of course). During the Cold
               | War, India was part of the Non-Aligned Movement, a
               | coalition of countries which sought a third path,
               | supporting neither side.
               | 
               | https://www.nti.org/education-center/treaties-and-
               | regimes/no...
               | 
               | India is far from Ukraine and so doesn't have many
               | geopolitical interests at stake, unlike European
               | countries and (by very close alliances and relationships)
               | the US.
               | 
               | India does have at stake the rules-based international
               | order, for which a fundamental rule is respect for
               | national sovereignty, and respect for the legitimacy of
               | democracies. Sharing borders with Pakistan and China,
               | India has a special interest in those.
        
               | mhermher wrote:
               | "rules-based international order"
               | 
               | Where are these rules written, do you have a link?
        
               | tempnow987 wrote:
               | Does the US follow these rules in terms of action in
               | places like Syria (almost certainly CIA providing
               | weapons) Libya, Iraq, Vietnam etc? I'm actually kind of
               | curious to see how the US measures up on these rules.
               | 
               | I thought the US had an interest in things like regime
               | change rather than some of the stability focuses others
               | have had.
        
               | mhermher wrote:
               | Of course the US follows the rules, by definition.
               | 
               | The "Rules Based International Order" is just a euphemism
               | for "Post War US Hegemony". And the rules are "The US
               | state department tells you what to do, and you do it".
               | 
               | Anyway, a rules-based international order already exists.
               | It's called the UN charter, but that's not what they
               | mean.
        
               | parthdesai wrote:
               | Well considering US was ready to bomb India and it was a
               | Russian submarine that saved India, it makes sense. Also
               | don't forget about US supplying arms and aid to Pakistan
               | which Pakistan in turn would use to arm Talibans and
               | Kashmiri insurgents. On top of that, US was pretty vocal
               | about wanting sanctions on India for testing out nuclear
               | weapons. Given the history, who would be an ally in that
               | case?
        
               | sbmthakur wrote:
               | The events of 1971 were preceded by events such as the US
               | admitting Pakistan into SEATO (NATO like alliance in
               | South East Asia). India had no other alternative but to
               | choose USSR back then.
        
               | ROTMetro wrote:
               | I'll just leave this right here from the time the USA
               | told the USSR a nuclear attack on China is a nuclear
               | attack on the USA:
               | 
               | https://www.scmp.com/article/714064/nixon-intervention-
               | saved...
        
               | wolverine876 wrote:
               | > US was ready to bomb India and it was a Russian
               | submarine that saved India
               | 
               | ?
               | 
               | > Given the history, who would be an ally in that case?
               | 
               | If such history prevented alliances, there would be none.
               | France and Germany are allies. India and the US are
               | allies when their interests align - less so regarding
               | Ukraine, more so regarding China - which depends
               | significantly, but not completely, and especially in the
               | long term, on their values (democracy, human rights,
               | etc.) aligning.
        
               | sumanthvepa wrote:
               | Some historical context is probably needed that most non-
               | Indians won't have. During the 1971 war between India and
               | Pakistan, the US sent a carrier group from the Seventh
               | fleet into the Bay of Bengal as a means to deter Indian
               | invasion of what was then East Pakistan. The Soviet Union
               | countered this move by sending a nuclear attack submarine
               | into the Bay of Bengal to prevent freedom operation for
               | the carrier group. The move apparently worked, and the
               | carrier group backed off. India defeated Pakistan and
               | East Pakistan became what is now the independent nation
               | of Bangladesh. Hopefully, I have the historical facts
               | right.
               | 
               | As to how the mere presence of a nuclear attack submarine
               | can scare off an entire carrier group, I still don't
               | understand. But then again I build web apps not
               | submarines.
        
               | parthdesai wrote:
               | I went back and refreshed my memory. It was two groups of
               | cruisers and destroyers and a nuclear submarine.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Task_Force_74
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | klipt wrote:
               | Not just a war, also a genocide perpetrated by Pakistan
               | against Bangladesh:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1971_Bangladesh_genocide
               | 
               | > General Yahya Khan is reported to have said "Kill three
               | million of them, and the rest will eat out of our hands."
        
               | treis wrote:
               | >the US sent a carrier group from the Seventh fleet into
               | the Bay of Bengal as a means to deter Indian invasion of
               | what was then East Pakistan The Soviet Union countered
               | this move by sending a nuclear attack submarine into the
               | Bay of Bengal to prevent freedom operation for the
               | carrier group.
               | 
               | This isn't accurate. The carrier group was to deter any
               | invasion of West Pakistan. India had already invaded East
               | Pakistan and that war was already effectively over when
               | the US decided to send the fleet. It's true that the US
               | tried to dissuade India's intervention and armed
               | Pakistan, but they weren't about to bomb India over East
               | Pakistan.
               | 
               | The Soviet ships also did not chase away the carrier
               | group. They stayed a few weeks after the war ended with
               | Pakistan's surrender and India's decision not to invade
               | West Pakistan.
        
               | sbmthakur wrote:
               | That's fair and there's hardly any evidence to claim US's
               | desire to bomb India. However, it was still noted as an
               | bullying attempt in India. US was also acting in cohort
               | with Pakistan at UN, which was countered by Russian
               | votes.
        
               | parthdesai wrote:
               | > India and the US are allies when their interests align
               | - less so regarding Ukraine, more so regarding China -
               | which depends significantly, but not completely, and
               | especially in the long term, on their values (democracy,
               | human rights, etc.) aligning.
               | 
               | China is probably the only thing India and US agree on,
               | especially considering Pakistan has been warming up to
               | China now. Regarding the values, when has that stopped US
               | ever? Only time US cares about democracy is when they the
               | ruler is not friendly to them. US is an ally of - Saudi
               | Arabia which is committing a genocide right now and
               | actively sells arms to them (there goes your democracy
               | and human rights) - Israel, again human rights go out of
               | the window when it comes to Gaza occupation
        
               | boilerupnc wrote:
               | Of note, the Indian Diaspora in the US is also becoming
               | increasingly active in policy shaping and civics within
               | the US. Over time, it will be interesting to see how this
               | dynamic influences the alignment of US and Indian
               | interests [0]
               | 
               | [0] https://www.lowyinstitute.org/the-
               | interpreter/remarkable-pol...
        
               | sinyug wrote:
               | > ?
               | 
               | In 1971, the US actively supported the genocide committed
               | in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) by the Pakistani Army.
               | When the Indian Army intervened, Nixon sent the 7th Fleet
               | that included the USS Enterprise into the Bay of Bengal
               | to intimidate India. In response, the USSR sent their own
               | flotilla.[1][2][3][4]
               | 
               | [1] 1971 War: How Russia sank Nixon's gunboat diplomacy (
               | https://www.rbth.com/articles/2011/12/20/1971_war_how_rus
               | sia...)
               | 
               | [2] 1971 War: How the US tried to corner India
               | (https://www.rediff.com/news/2006/dec/26claude.htm)
               | 
               | [3] US forces had orders to target Indian Army in 1971
               | (https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/india/US-forces-had-
               | orde...)
               | 
               | [4] Bangladesh Liberation War - US and USSR (https://en.w
               | ikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh_Liberation_War#US_a...)
        
               | not2b wrote:
               | In the past, India had good relations with the USSR and
               | bought weapons from them, but now they are more more tied
               | to the US economy than to Russia's. They buy from and
               | sell to the US much more than to Russia.
        
               | sbmthakur wrote:
               | When it comes to arms, Russia still takes precedence over
               | the US for India. Russia is willing to sell their state
               | of the art weapons to India and the deals involve
               | significant tech transfer which helps in propping up
               | local defense industries.
        
               | Paradigma11 wrote:
               | I am. Russia is moving towards china and so is moving
               | away from india.
        
               | throwrqX wrote:
               | Historically India has been closer with USSR/Russia but I
               | think in the future this will change. Obviously as other
               | posters have noted India has stronger trade ties with
               | America now, and there are lots of Indians in America in
               | influential positions (like CEOs of big companies). I
               | also see a natural coalition with anti-Islamists in
               | America and India.
        
         | edmcnulty101 wrote:
         | Why would people trust CIPS with China in charge of it?
        
           | jatone wrote:
           | they wouldn't point is use both then you are reliant on
           | neither.
        
           | cudgy wrote:
           | Why not? The world trusts China to make their products and
           | corporations entrust China with their sensitive intellectual
           | property to manufacture goods. Even Charlie Munger and Warren
           | Buffet (two conservative investors) trust China enough to
           | invest in China. Doesn't seem like a big stretch to trust
           | China for money transfers.
        
           | FpUser wrote:
           | The end result is multiple payment systems so that the
           | countries can do whatever they do without single entity being
           | able to shut the valve. And you do not have to trust any
           | single one. Consider it free market competition.
        
       | boplicity wrote:
       | One reason, and one reason only: Cheap oil.
       | 
       | We're willing to destroy the future of the entire world for cheap
       | oil. What's one relatively small country in comparison to that?
       | 
       | The West wants Russia's cheap oil. There's no other explanation.
        
         | anamax wrote:
         | Canadian and in-US oil/gas is less expensive (from a US
         | perspective) than Russia's. Taking the US off the market also
         | makes Russia's oil/gas cheaper for other countries.
         | 
         | However, we're shutting that down.
        
         | rank0 wrote:
         | Oil isn't optional. It's the most important commodity in the
         | world. Nobodies lifestyle on HN would be possible without it.
         | 
         | It's the natural gas too. Europe needs natural gas for power.
         | Is Europe's supposed to deprive its citizens of electricity?
        
         | mtmail wrote:
         | The article lists several other explanations.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | > There's no other explanation.
         | 
         | ...that you can think of.
        
       | gyre007 wrote:
       | The difference b/w SWIFT and CIPS is the recently discussed
       | "freedom to transact". In China you're beholden to CCP. If they
       | get "tired" you can be cut off and there is nothing you can do
       | about. In the west you have somewhat functional legal system you
       | can follow up with.
        
       | nine_zeros wrote:
       | More than the alternative system, the immediate problem appears
       | to be that Europe is so badly dependent on Russian gas that
       | cutting off swift will be a suicide for Europe.
       | 
       | Europe needs to move to renewables for residential and industrial
       | use ASAP.
        
         | Scoundreller wrote:
         | Or be more like France: about 70% nuclear generation of
         | electricity.
         | 
         | Still dependent on gas pipelines to North Africa, but also
         | building out its LNG infrastructure so it can buy from more
         | sources.
         | 
         | They're heavily promoting heat pumps for heating, but that also
         | comes along with increased A/C use in a country that seems to
         | culturally avoid it (in my depressing experience).
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jborichevskiy wrote:
           | Curious to hear about how A/C use is culturally avoided. Is
           | it seen as a negative social status signal to have the
           | convenience? Or is the environmental impact a consideration?
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | iunno, more people than I could imagine there think air
             | conditioning makes you sick.
             | 
             | To the point of opening windows on the highway instead of
             | turning on the a/c that's there.
             | 
             | My sample is limited, but it's thinking I've never
             | encountered in North America.
             | 
             | Having said that, construction usually has excellent
             | shutters on windows, so you can block the sun effectively.
             | Covered outdoor parking is common at malls in the south.
             | Being and staying cool are encouraged, but a/c often isn't.
        
         | mhitza wrote:
         | EU reportedly has 40% of it gas imports from Russia. However,
         | the European Commission President has already stated that EU is
         | prepared for partial disruption of gas flow
         | https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/eu-says-it-is-prepared-...
         | 
         | Solidarity towards Ukraine by EU, would be to step up and
         | proceed with blocking Russia from the SWIFT system.
         | 
         | The thing is, such a decision would impact EU citizens
         | negatively in the short-medium term. And I think that level of
         | solidarity is a hard sell, and hard to quickly measure support
         | for, within each country's electorate.
         | 
         | The other issue, for Germany, is that removing them from SWIFT
         | would be like clearing Russia's billions of debt obligations.
         | 
         | If there was any moment for EU to swallow a hard pill, would be
         | now, and cut of gas import, rather than try to get consensus on
         | blocking SWIFT access. It's the perfect time to apply that form
         | of economical pressure, especially now that we're having a bit
         | of early spring weather (though uncertain how long that will
         | last).
         | 
         | Not sure about Cyprus, and others opposing the measure, what
         | negative implications it would have for them and why they
         | decided the way they did.
        
         | vdsk wrote:
         | We are in such a bind almost only because the geniuses in
         | charge of climate and energy policy in Germany thought it was a
         | good idea to close all their nuclear capacity and replace it
         | with intermittent renewables. The instability was to be plugged
         | with cheap russian gas imports. The solution is not clean wind
         | and solar (which will fail when you get less wind and less sun,
         | as in last September for example), but nuclear and mass
         | electrification of heating systems.
        
       | an9n wrote:
       | If the West could swallow it's pride for a while, it could go all
       | out for fracking, reopen coal mines and build enormous gas to
       | fuel plants etc., and buy itself time to go full carbon neutral.
       | But it won't. Why not? Because the eco-zealotry overrides
       | Ukrainian lives.
        
         | FpUser wrote:
         | >"Because the eco-zealotry overrides Ukrainian lives."
         | 
         | Do not be so dramatic. West never had problems with
         | "overriding" human lives. It had killed millions without any
         | repercussions.
        
         | pettusftw wrote:
         | The following is US centric because that is the only resource
         | extraction I'm personally familiar with.
         | 
         | Coal should stay dead. It has no redeeming qualities except
         | that the cost is largely in externalizations.
         | 
         | Oil and LNG output is constrained by price. More and more
         | shuttered/untapped wells will go online as prices rise and they
         | become economically viable. This is already in progress at
         | current prices.
         | 
         | I'm not sure what you meant by pride, but we don't need to
         | drill/frack protected areas because they're cheaper to get
         | resources out of. If protected areas are not what you meant,
         | rest assured that unprotected areas will be "gone all out" on
         | based on the economic calculus of extraction and there are
         | plenty of untapped areas[0].
         | 
         | Price is the better incentive because it's elastic in response
         | to demand like that created by embargoes on Russian resources,
         | and also incentivizes a move away from fossil fuels by nature
         | of its high price. It will be costly to average consumers at an
         | already precarious time, but at least it aligns incentives with
         | a more sustainable future instead of sacrificing unreplaceable
         | ecologies by "going all out" as you describe.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.usgs.gov/centers/central-energy-resources-
         | scienc...
        
       | ape4 wrote:
       | What if they add a service charge ;)
        
       | baybal2 wrote:
       | Counterpoints to the article:
       | 
       |  _" SWIFT ban will push Russia into China's hands"_ -- Russia is
       | already fully submitting to any Chinese economic terms. The
       | swathe of Russian land the size of France was already leased to
       | China effectively in perpetuity https://www.asianews.it/news-
       | en/Vast-swathes-of-land-beyond-... . Russia sells its natural
       | resources to China at unbelievable discount.
       | 
       |  _" SWIFT ban will make Russia, and China to develop an
       | alternative to SWIFT"_ -- Russia, and China already don't use
       | SWIFT for trade in between government companies of each other.
       | 
       |  _" SWIFT ban will provoke Russia into all out war"_ -- Russia is
       | already waging an all out war.
       | 
       |  _" SWIFT ban will make Russia to switch to Chinese Yuan, and end
       | the dominance of US dollar"_ - Russia already uses Yuan for trade
       | with China, and bunch of other countries.
       | 
       |  _" SWIFT ban will make Russia to rely on China economically
       | instead of EU"_ -- This is the silliest claim I hear. If EU wants
       | to trade with Russia, then don't sanction them. Sanctions are a
       | bar on trade, and ability to extract profits.
        
         | bigcat123 wrote:
        
       | DizzyDoo wrote:
       | > America has blacklisted big Russian financial institutions,
       | preventing its own banks from dealing with them, and imposed
       | strict export controls. These measures are much narrower in scope
       | than disconnecting Russia from SWIFT, but they cut more deeply.
       | 
       | Is that true? It sounds counter-intuitive to me, someone who uses
       | SWIFT payments a lot but isn't at all an economist or super into
       | foreign policy, that the US blacklisting a few big Russian
       | banking institutions would cut deeper than the immediate and
       | total removal from the larger payment network. But if that is
       | indeed the case, why not both? The answer the article gives for
       | that is "it would hurt the West's investments/position with
       | respect to China" which, yes, makes sense, but is that pain worth
       | it? A few decades of land wars across the European continent
       | would do that too, right?
        
       | steve76 wrote:
        
       | blunte wrote:
       | I have absolutely no expertise on this subject, but I think an
       | effective approach would be to isolate and financially cripple
       | the wealthy people who surround him.
       | 
       | Make them hurt finally; basically make their "wealth" irrelevant
       | outside of Russia. Lock down all their assets and ban them from
       | entering the country (UK/US/many EU states).
       | 
       | If a large group of powerful, very wealthy people suddenly find
       | their luxury life threatened because of the small-man complex of
       | one person, they will turn on that person - directly or more
       | likely secretly. There must be enough people with enough money to
       | collectively carry out a leadership replacement action. Add the
       | "will of the people" who also don't want this war, and it should
       | be easier to remove the source of the problem than to fight head
       | on.
       | 
       | To clarify, cutting the entire country off from SWIFT would be a
       | clumsy approach when targeted measures could be taken as I
       | suspect above.
        
       | brodouevencode wrote:
       | https://archive.is/CHiiI
        
       | TameAntelope wrote:
       | I dunno much about this, but I saw a tweet from someone I trust
       | that described SWIFT in HVAC terms as the thermostat, and the new
       | sanctions like blocking off the ductwork for a specific room;
       | more targeted, still painful, and pulling the thermostat wouldn't
       | do much more. [0]
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://twitter.com/daniel_mcdowell/status/14969850312057036...
        
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