[HN Gopher] The underground economy of solitary confinement
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       The underground economy of solitary confinement
        
       Author : meanie
       Score  : 144 points
       Date   : 2022-02-24 23:20 UTC (23 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.themarshallproject.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.themarshallproject.org)
        
       | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
       | What is the alternative to solitary confinement?
       | 
       | There are some people who are a persistent threat and menace to
       | others. There are 3 ways that society has dealt with them:
       | 
       | Execution
       | 
       | Banishment
       | 
       | Imprisonment
       | 
       | We are trying to do away with execution, so that is not a real
       | alternative. Banishment really doesn't work in the modern,
       | connected world. That leaves imprisonment. However, within
       | prison, you also have a society, and then the question becomes,
       | how do you deal with people who are a threat and menace to other
       | prisoners and guards. Again you end up with the 3 options.
       | Following through, you eventually end up with either solitary
       | confinement or execution as the solution to people who are a
       | persistent threat and menace to others.
       | 
       | Is solitary confinement over used? Yes. But I have not heard a
       | really good alternative.
        
         | FpUser wrote:
         | >" But I have not heard a really good alternative."
         | 
         | The solution is to enforce your own fucking laws when those are
         | broken by prison stuff and higher ups
        
         | randomacct8162 wrote:
         | FWIW, I am not against the death penalty. It makes much more
         | economic sense than life in prison (it costs ludicrous amounts
         | of money to house prisoners per-annua) and as someone who has
         | done prison time my personal opinion is I'd rather be killed
         | than face the mental agony of living the rest of my days in
         | there.
         | 
         | I'm not sure why so many people are against it or think it's
         | inhumane. I think it's a bit silly considering most people who
         | hold that opinion have never been to prison.
        
           | Gustomaximus wrote:
           | > I'm not sure why so many people are against it or think
           | it's inhumane.
           | 
           | 1) There are endless cases of it being implemented on
           | innocent people:
           | 
           | https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/stories/technical-errors-can-
           | ki... or https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wrongful_execution
           | 
           | 2) Ethical reasons believing its wrong to kill people
           | 
           | 3) Its well documented the process of death penalty has
           | regular mistakes causing slow and incredibly painful deaths.
           | 
           | E.g. https://deathpenaltyinfo.org/executions/botched-
           | executions
        
           | gwd wrote:
           | I'm not against the death penalty _in principle_ ; but _in
           | practice_ , at least the way our current system is set up, it
           | just seems to lead to perverse problems. Since prosecutors
           | are generally a political office, there's a strong incentive
           | to be seen as "tough on crime" by getting lots of death
           | penalty convictions. The result is innocent people convicted.
           | If you're alive, there's always a chance your conviction will
           | be overturned, even if 20 years down the road. But if you're
           | dead, there's nothing you can do.
           | 
           | The argument, "Life in prison is a fate worse than death" is
           | an argument to make prison more humane, not an argument to
           | kill people instead.
        
           | btdmaster wrote:
           | Side note: the death penalty is more expensive than prison in
           | the way it is currently being used (because of the legal
           | expenses + prison time before the execution takes place), so
           | unless it is done faster (more prone to errors) it does not
           | make financial sense: https://ballotpedia.org/Fact_check/Is_t
           | he_death_penalty_more...
        
           | tasty_freeze wrote:
           | One huge problem is it isn't applied fairly. Money and race
           | shouldn't factor into sentencing, but they absolutely do.
           | 
           | "Economic sense" is a non-argument. Think how much money
           | society would save if we tore down all the prisons and simply
           | shot everyone found guilty of a crime.
           | 
           | Another argument in support of the death penalty is that is
           | "brings closure" to the victims or the family of the victims.
           | That is appalling to me. I completely understand why the
           | victim('s family) would want to see the criminal die, but why
           | stop there? What if the father of a rape/murder victim asked
           | the court to allow him to strap down the criminal and let the
           | father torture him for an afternoon. It would bring a lot of
           | closure to the father, perhaps, but it doesn't mean society
           | should allow it.
        
           | shkkmo wrote:
           | The problems with the death penalty is the trade off between
           | cost and accuracy in applying the death penalty.
           | 
           | Currently, the death penalty costs more than life in prison
           | due to legal costs. We still have a significant non-zero
           | number of innocent people who are executed.
           | 
           | If you want to make the death penalty cost effective, you
           | will have to lower the appeal costs and this means more
           | innocent people will be executed.
           | 
           | So the question really becomes: "how many innocent people are
           | we willing to murder to reduce our costs?
           | 
           | Many people accept the number of innocent people we murder as
           | justified to save other innocents via disincentive. It seems
           | much harder to justify killing purely on the basis of cost
           | reduction.
           | 
           | You are correct that we don't seem nearly as bothered by all
           | of the innocent people who are serving life sentences rather
           | than death penalties and don't have the same appeal rights as
           | those on death row.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | It's not a dichotomy between life in prison and death penalty
           | though. Wouldn't you have preferred a better alternative to a
           | prison sentence? I don't know what you did to end up there,
           | but what if the societal circumstances were different and you
           | never ended up in touch with the legal system in the first
           | place?
        
         | kstenerud wrote:
         | Oddly enough, Western European countries don't have this
         | problem, and have a significantly lower recidivism rate.
         | Perhaps ask them how they do it?
         | 
         | I believe there are even documentaries now that explore justice
         | systems in various countries.
         | 
         | This is not to attack you or anything, but rather to highlight
         | a cultural divide. To European ears this kind of question feels
         | like it's right up there with "What else can you do but behead
         | a man who runs off with your daughter?" It's really jarring to
         | hear, and makes one think that such a culture is incredibly
         | backwards and barbaric...
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | > But I have not heard a really good alternative.
         | 
         | Have not heard, or haven't given the issue a bit more thought?
         | Why do people end up in prison and solitary confinement? And
         | how can that be prevented?
         | 
         | The US has the highest incarceration rate of any country. Why
         | is that? Are the people that bad? If so, why are they so bad?
         | If not, why are they thrown into jail so much?
         | 
         | The issue I have with your comment is that you're tunnel
         | visioned at the punishment part, without thinking of prevention
         | and rehabilitation, or the systems in place (political,
         | financial) that make it so that so many people end up in prison
         | in the first place.
         | 
         | Have a closer look at subjects like the War on Drugs, the
         | private prison system, and different ideologies behind
         | punishment - rehabilitation vs retaliation. Look at other
         | countries as well; how many people are in solitary confinement
         | in Europe? How much violence is there between inmates there?
         | 
         | The problem is not solitary confinement.
        
       | ROTMetro wrote:
       | In the Feds, stamps are the unit of money. On our yard a book of
       | 'compound' stamps was worth $8 of 'value' but it took a lot of
       | work to keep them at that price. For a book you could get one dip
       | of chew. I think is was two books for a 'square' of spice, a tiny
       | sliver of paper enough to get you high. You would also need to
       | include the price of an AA battery to use as your lighter to get
       | high. Don't do drugs, but especially don't do spice, I saw it
       | make guys crazy and guys just dropped dead from it. A jalepeno
       | pepper was 3 stamps if things were good. A five pound bag of
       | cheese was 2 books to the store guy. The price fluctuated daily
       | depending on how many people were getting them out of the
       | kitchen. Dirty pictures were 3 stamps(no porn allowed in the
       | Feds). Decent tattoes were three books. A haircut at the free
       | prison barber shop was 5 stamps, or free if you wanted a poorly
       | done buzz. For a book a month someone would clean your cell for
       | you every day. Or someone would drop off and pick up your
       | laundry. For 10% of your commissary bill you could get bumped to
       | the front of the commissary line. A brand new uniform from
       | laundry for visiting (you were issues used clothes) was a book,
       | but then you needed to pay to have it tailored and pay to get
       | inmate tags printed and sown on. New prison issue boots were a
       | book to the laundry guys. A prison cheese cake (made from coffee
       | creamer and lemon juice) was a book, or four stamps a slice.
       | Minimum bet on a sports gambling ticket was 3 stamps. A book a
       | month to the kitchen to get extra portions on your tray (say 2
       | slices of roast beef on roast beef day). I don't know alcohol
       | prices but it was a lot and normally all sold before it was made,
       | and if it got busted I think you were just out. Every section had
       | a couple of store guys. You could the things from the commisary
       | for their price + 1 stamp if you replaced them next time you
       | shopped, or a couple stamp premium if paying in just stamps. A
       | cold soda was 2 stamps. A candy bar 3 stamps. Home made taffy
       | made from coffee creamer was 2 for a stamp.
        
         | jrumbut wrote:
         | This is a fascinating post, thank you for sharing your
         | experiences!
         | 
         | That coffee creamer and lemon juice cheesecake sounds
         | interesting.
         | 
         | Do you still crave and/or make at home any of the weird food
         | items you described?
         | 
         | Where did you store 5 pounds of cheese?
        
       | kingcharles wrote:
       | I did three stints in solitary. First for writing to my wife and
       | explaining how I traded coffee for stamped envelopes, which got
       | me an extortion charge. On the last day of my "sentence" in
       | solitary I had my trial and was found "not guilty" of the charge.
       | Of course, it was like Alice in Wonderland, I did my time then
       | got my trial.
       | 
       | (during this time in solitary though they went through all my
       | property and figured out I'd hacked the commissary system to send
       | emails through the jail and were mad about that)
       | 
       | Second time I was framed by a guard. It was an internal thing
       | called "Operation Cleansweep". The idea was to frame all the
       | jailhouse lawyers on false charges and send them to solitary and
       | then get access to all the legal work in their cells to go
       | through. They came and threw contraband in my cell in front of
       | everyone, then cuffed me up and off to solitary again. [I found
       | out about the operation because I fought for the details through
       | FOIA and got all the "Intelligence Unit" reports. Idiots wrote
       | this shit down. Usually the government isn't that dumb. For
       | instance, this is a response I got to a request for documents
       | concerning a big investigation in the prosecutor's office here in
       | Chicago recently: "After speaking with SAO personnel most
       | knowledgeable about your request including those active in the
       | internal investigation, there is no written or electronic report
       | of the internal investigation into the Adam Toledo bond proffer
       | incident." LOL]
       | 
       | Third time in solitary was because I took two seconds too long
       | trading some rice for a chicken nugget at lunch. Disobeying the
       | guard who told me to "hurry up". Another stint in solitary!
       | 
       | You start with ZERO in solitary in most jails, and work your way
       | up. I sued to get the rules changed, because on the first day you
       | also spent it naked. They would strip search you on arrival and
       | then leave you until you could persuade a guard the next day to
       | get you clothes. [they remotely popped my cell on my first day
       | once for a visit, so I ran out, sans clothing, all the way to the
       | visit until the guards freaked out and were forced to get me
       | clothes]
       | 
       | As the article says, even toilet paper can be a bitch to get. My
       | first time I didn't know anything. My second time through I
       | managed to snatch a book up off a table as I was being dragged to
       | my cell, so I had something to read. Then I learned to "finesse"
       | the guards into getting me things: toilet paper, soap, pencil.
       | 
       | You're not allowed commissary in most solitary. The first time I
       | was in I requested my bin of legal work, which they have to
       | provide. But dum-dums gave me my commissary bin instead. So I
       | spent three days eating the whole lot before they realized their
       | mistake and ran in and took my (now empty) bin and swapped it
       | out.
       | 
       | You get lots of reading done in solitary. I read 800 books in
       | jail.
       | 
       | AMA
        
         | lupire wrote:
         | After such ongoing illegal torture, why don't former prisoners
         | or their loved ones get together and execute serious reprisals?
        
           | omegaworks wrote:
           | The system is designed to isolate prisoners from their loved
           | ones, if they have any to begin with. Once free it requires
           | significant resources to execute legal reprisals.
           | 
           | https://www.occupy.com/article/jpay-scam-prison-bankers-
           | cash...
        
             | TameAntelope wrote:
             | He didn't say "legal reprisals".
        
         | symlinkk wrote:
         | How were the other prisoners? Did you feel physically
         | threatened by them?
        
         | mywittyname wrote:
         | > jailhouse lawyers
         | 
         | What does this mean? Were you a regular lawyer before becoming
         | a jailhouse lawyer? Are you a regular lawyer after being a
         | jailhouse lawyer?
        
           | ROTMetro wrote:
           | Jailhouse lawyers are normally self taught in prison and will
           | help others out for a fee as their hustle. They help with
           | things like stopping child support payments, filing for
           | divorce, clearing up any outstanding tickets and detainers so
           | guys can go to halfway house, all the way to challenging
           | people's convictions.
        
       | alexpotato wrote:
       | This article reminded me of this economics paper from a former
       | World Ware 2 prisoner of war describing the "market economy" that
       | formed in the POW camps.
       | 
       | http://icm.clsbe.lisboa.ucp.pt/docentes/url/jcn/ie2/0POWCamp...
       | 
       | It's fascinating because it describes:
       | 
       | - Open outcry markets
       | 
       | - Exchange rates
       | 
       | - N dimensional preference spaces
       | 
       | - Collapsing money supplies
       | 
       | - Market shocks
       | 
       | All in plain English and using specific examples from the camps.
       | 
       | Highly recommend it especially if you (like me on both counts)
       | have an Econ degree and/or work in finance.
        
         | stinkytaco wrote:
         | Also interesting the Sarajevo Survival Guide [1]. Similar, but
         | with a more tongue in cheek and modern bent. Made me want to
         | stockpile cigarettes and pornography.
         | 
         | [1]: http://www.friends-partners.org/bosnia/surintro.html
        
           | alexpotato wrote:
           | This was excellent, thanks!
        
       | Bradlinc wrote:
       | Three things occur to me as I read this article: 1) Toilet paper
       | seems like a necessity. 2) In America, we treat our prisoners
       | horribly. We are going to look back on this in a 100 years with
       | the same disdain we look back on slavery. 3) Though I have a hard
       | day a head of me, my life could be far, far worse.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | > We are going to look back on this in a 100 years with the
         | same disdain we look back on slavery.
         | 
         | We can only hope, but why only in 100 years when 'we' - the
         | people in this thread and a lot of others - already look at it
         | with disdain.
         | 
         | But there's others - lawmakers, the private prison industry,
         | etc - who think this is just fine and dandy, because it fills
         | their pockets and is a legal avenue into a slave labor force
         | (prison labor). It's in their interest to get people in jail.
        
           | dls2016 wrote:
           | > slave labor force
           | 
           | Remember kids, slavery is _still_ constitutionally enshrined
           | in the US as a form of punishment. No need to  "look back" at
           | slavery!
        
         | ROTMetro wrote:
         | Slavery is allowed in prison as an exception in the US
         | Constitution. https://www.history.com/news/13th-amendment-
         | slavery-loophole... Do not support UNICOR or UNICOR products if
         | you are not into slave labor. You can not have a fair working
         | environment when your prison guard is your boss.
         | https://www.unicor.gov/
        
         | bannedbybros wrote:
        
       | jrochkind1 wrote:
       | > about 2.3 million people are incarcerated in the United States.
       | On average, close to 4% of them are held in solitary confinement.
       | 
       | Almost 100K people in solitary confinement is _insane_. These are
       | dehumanizing psychologically destabilizing conditions, with
       | permanent psychological effects, that are among the worst thing
       | you can do to someone.
       | 
       | I find it incredible that it has become so standardize and
       | ordinary in the USA, instead of a rare last resort thing for
       | extreme problems.
        
       | randomacct8162 wrote:
       | I spent 3 years in US prisons for drug charges picked up when I
       | was an addict and did a 90-day stint in solitary for breaking up
       | a fight between two acquaintances.
       | 
       | AMA.
       | 
       | I'll start with: Yes, "fishing" is one of the first things you
       | learn. It's not just for solitary, you use it to get stuff under
       | other people doors when you're not out of your cells on a regular
       | unit too, or when you don't want guards to suspect something.
       | 
       | Another interesting thing fact -- where I was at, in solitary you
       | could trade your 1-hour of your cell a day for an extra tray of
       | food at either lunch or dinner. Because the guards had to let
       | each person in the solitary block out, one-at-a-time, for an
       | hour, they were lazy and would let you forfeit your one hour out
       | to shower/make a paid phone call/walk around the cell block for
       | extra food. Most people took the extra tray.
       | 
       | ---
       | 
       | Edit: While this is on the front page, want to raise a bit of
       | awareness about US criminal "justice system" and prisons:
       | 
       | I saw things like this regularly:
       | 
       | https://live-production.wcms.abc-cdn.net.au/c567d688cc89f084...
       | 
       | Guards would beat the shit out of you, strip you mostly naked,
       | strap you to a restraint chair and cover your head with a hood,
       | and then wheel you into a back room somewhere and "accidentally
       | forget" about you for +8 hours until you pissed yourself, and
       | then they'd come and laugh at you.
       | 
       | Lots of things I can't unsee from being in there.
        
         | matheusmoreira wrote:
         | Holy shit I didn't know that. Those guards belong in jail
         | themselves, what they did is torture. Prison exists to remove
         | from society people who are incompatible with it, nothing more
         | and even that must be constantly questioned and re-evaluated.
         | Nobody deserves to have their dignity stripped away like that.
        
           | kindatrue wrote:
           | Once you fall into Prison Conditions Twitters, it's pretty
           | eye opening.
           | 
           | Like the guy who was boiled to death with hot water for
           | funsies:
           | 
           | https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/florida-wont-charge-
           | priso...
           | 
           | Or where rat poison is regularly fed:
           | 
           | https://abcnews.go.com/Health/22-rikers-island-prisoners-
           | sic...
        
           | jopsen wrote:
           | > Those guards belong in jail themselves...
           | 
           | The guards are just the product of a system/culture.
        
             | pc86 wrote:
             | As are most of the prisoners, but many of them belong there
             | as well.
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | Don't make apologies for people who choose torture and who
             | chose to participate in said system / culture. It's a job;
             | if they had morals they would quit, whistleblow, or punish
             | colleagues for this behaviour. I can't believe the pay
             | would be THAT good. There's clearly no adequate chain of
             | command or repercussions for this crime.
        
               | throwaway0a5e wrote:
               | So we gonna apply this logic to all the other government
               | workers working for toxic systems that hurt more than
               | they help?
               | 
               | There are plenty of people who go into these jobs with
               | the intention of being decent. The existing systems and
               | culture suck that right out of them.
               | 
               | I knew an old bureaucrat. He got to make decisions that
               | would or wouldn't financially screw families over. He
               | said the worst part of his job was seeing all the younger
               | employees in the cafeteria knowing they were being
               | crushed by the system and turned into people like him and
               | his other senior coworkers.
        
               | mmcgaha wrote:
               | I find it interesting when folks look at themselves as
               | different than others. I don't have any first hand
               | knowledge of what is going on with these guards, but I do
               | know that I am not better than them. I am just as human
               | and have all of the same frailties so I cannot say what I
               | would do in their situation. At best I can say I hope I
               | would do better.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | Most people fail to understand the psychological impact
               | of jobs continually interfacing with some of the worst
               | people in society. I say this not as an apology or
               | excuse, but simply as a statement of fact and a challenge
               | that needs to be overcome. It happens to prison guards,
               | Police, EMTs, and many others.
               | 
               | A portion of the people you work with want to kill you or
               | each other given the chance. Over time this leads you to
               | dehumanize and hate them. Over time, this view gets
               | generalized to most of the people in your care.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | It is more about power then about working with bad
               | people.
               | 
               | Political prisoners tend to be treated as badly as
               | others, if not worst.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | I agree that power is a factor, I just don't think it is
               | a self contained explanation.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | People in position oc control and no supervision abuse
               | those outside of prisons often enough.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | What's your point?
        
               | ROTMetro wrote:
               | Don't forget the thin blue line. The pressure to not
               | snitch among them is huge, and comes from the top. During
               | my time in I watched all of the decent COs become
               | alcoholics/drug addicts and ultimately quit. We had one
               | decent 'counselor' out of 5, and she was forced out for
               | unauthorized use of government resources because she
               | printed out a compassionate release request during COVID
               | because inmates we illegally denied access to the law
               | library, something she was quite clearly legally not only
               | allowed to do but was supposed to do as part of her job
               | (there is even a federal schedule of what they are to
               | charge us per page if it is not a hardship case). If you
               | complain, you will receive diesel therapy as the lightest
               | of retribution from the Federal government. Your cell
               | will definitely get tossed every day until your cellies
               | tire of that and beat your ass.
        
               | onemoresoop wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diesel_therapy
        
               | ROTMetro wrote:
               | It is way worse than that makes it out. Transfer times
               | are designed to maximize prevention of sleep. You will be
               | placed in very unsafe situations. You will go from small
               | town jail to transfer station to detention center to
               | small town jail via the longest route possible. You will
               | be strip searched, a very invasive event, every time any
               | movement is made. Your movement will happen to be right
               | before/after meals are served, so you will "accidentally"
               | be denied food. You will "accidentally" be placed with
               | the opposite gang, the wrong custody classification, etc.
               | so you will be in constant fear of your safety. You will
               | be put in a single man cell with a big threaning guy, and
               | they will kick him out of his bed and give in to you, and
               | put him in a boat. Good luck not getting your getting you
               | ass beat. You will be given no opportunity to use
               | restrooms during movement. On conair you are shackled,
               | hands in front, even when you use the bathroom. So no
               | hygiene to clean up around back after going. Just a bit
               | of the process.
        
               | malandrew wrote:
               | > they would quit
               | 
               | Most prisons exist in places that are economically
               | depressed with few if any other jobs. In some cases, the
               | entire existence of a town revolves around the prison.
               | Quitting is hardly an option when it's the only real
               | option for putting food on your table and a shelter over
               | your head.
        
               | xapata wrote:
               | They could leave town. There's always another option.
        
               | mgkimsal wrote:
               | You need to be able to save up enough for a rent deposit
               | (often 2-3 months of rent), afford moving costs,
               | coordinate support for kids if you're moving away from
               | existing support (other family/friend/etc), and deal with
               | a lot of stress of moving out of town. If you have
               | something _better_ you 're moving to, but that's often
               | hard for people to coordinate. Spending all that to go
               | get a similar pay job, perhaps in same industry, on the
               | hope/chance that you'll be around more/better
               | opportunities... it's a hard call for many folks to do,
               | assuming they can even think that far ahead or
               | strategically. Many folks are likely more consumed with
               | day to day (especially if they've got kids).
        
               | xapata wrote:
               | > ... deal with a lot of stress ... have something better
               | you're moving to ...
               | 
               | Thus the ethical argument. They'd rather keep doing what
               | they're doing than pick the stress and uncertainty of
               | moving.
        
               | t-writescode wrote:
               | I get the spirit of this; but if I can't say that to
               | people making poverty wages and being trapped, I can't
               | say they to prison guards, either.
               | 
               | Collectively and individually, the United States must "be
               | better", though.
        
               | xapata wrote:
               | > if I can't say that to people making poverty wages and
               | being trapped, I can't say they to prison guards, either
               | 
               | Indeed. I think the same for everyone. Poverty is not an
               | excuse for brutality.
        
               | t-writescode wrote:
               | Agreed. I wasn't trying to excuse brutality, I don't
               | think. I definitely need to spend more time on this
               | series of thought about what maybe I would do in the
               | circumstance - or what I should expect myself to do to
               | live up to my own standard.
        
               | goodpoint wrote:
               | The parent poster is not making an apology.
               | 
               | The unjust and cruel legal system and the behavior of
               | people involved is all a product of society.
               | 
               | It's not just a couple of "bad apples".
               | 
               | And saying this does not give anybody a pass.
        
               | throwaway0a5e wrote:
               | > The parent poster is not making an apology.
               | 
               | Downvotes from creating a plausibly deniable strawman and
               | then tearing it down are less than the upvotes from doing
               | a good job tearing down the strawman. This kind of crap
               | discourse is incentivized in a "if lawsuits are cheaper
               | than recall we don't do a recall" sort of way.
        
               | kqr wrote:
               | It's not about making apologies. It's the opposite. You
               | can blame the "bad apples" all you want and you will see
               | no improvement whatsoever. You can instead choose to
               | blame structural, systematic failures and get a lot of
               | improvement out of little effort.
        
           | Akronymus wrote:
           | It also exists to make people compatible with society again.
           | Or at least should be.
        
             | wolfgangK wrote:
             | I'm sure most people would want that, but I don't think
             | that we know how to "make people" change. Much in the same
             | way that we don't know how to have school "make children"
             | more academic, we don't know how to make inmates less
             | violent / impulsive / thrill-seeking (except by the
             | inexorable passing of time). I'd be very happy to be
             | corrected, tho.
             | 
             | OTOH, giving proper (i.e. often involuntary) treatment for
             | violent mental illnesses would for sure improve the
             | situation.
        
             | Broken_Hippo wrote:
             | Not in the US. The US prison system is for punishment
             | first. A system that focuses on rehabilitation does not
             | treat people this poorly, in general.
        
               | t-writescode wrote:
               | With what we do in the US, it's not "punishment", it's
               | sadism. Justice ends when excessive punishment begins and
               | is deep into sadism when torture begins.
        
             | agentdrtran wrote:
             | this has never been the case in US prisons
        
             | ROTMetro wrote:
             | No, no it does not.
        
           | oh_sigh wrote:
           | You're assuming the accounting in the article is correct.
           | Maybe it isn't:
           | 
           | > "Nobody can condone someone being thrown into a hot shower
           | and killed," Rundle said. "We read the same thing everyone
           | else did, but it wasn't until we really investigated that we
           | learned that is not what happened."
           | 
           | https://www.miaminewtimes.com/news/katherine-fernandez-
           | rundl...
        
         | bag_boy wrote:
         | Can you summarize the experience in thirds? For example, what
         | was the first 30 days like versus the last 30?
        
           | randomacct8162 wrote:
           | The first two weeks were very difficult. You have to sort of
           | mentally come to peace with the fact that you're shut in this
           | tiny room and you can't leave. It feels very claustrophobic
           | and if you're the type that has anxiety disorders you will
           | probably have to ward off panic attacks.
           | 
           | After the first two weeks, time started to slowly speed up,
           | and the days all sort of blurred together. Thankfully I was
           | able to get a newspaper every day, and a book every now and
           | then, and so I just read every word of the newspaper (even
           | the ads) for something to do, and slept a lot.
           | 
           | I think I handled it better than a lot of people would have,
           | as I'm sort of introverted by nature. There's research on
           | solitary confinement permanently harming mental health, but I
           | think I got lucky on that one.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | ROTMetro wrote:
             | Also, at least where I was, this was EVERYONE's life (no
             | just solitary) for a year due to COVID. Only with no legal
             | protections, all constitutional requirements waived,
             | because, you know, emergency, and totally not just because
             | the staff were lazy and this allowed them to do zero work.
        
               | jknoepfler wrote:
               | Are you describing conditions in a prison in the USA
               | outside of solitary confinement? (That's the only way I
               | can make sense of the reply).
        
               | ROTMetro wrote:
               | Yes.
        
               | mastazi wrote:
               | the mention of "staff" in the last sentence of the post
               | suggests that it's about a prison
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | Edit: My reading comprehension is very, very poor.
        
               | mastazi wrote:
               | I think that parent was describing life inside a prison,
               | but out of solitary confinement, not life in general,
               | this sentence of their post suggests it: "and totally not
               | just because the staff were lazy and this allowed them to
               | do zero work."
        
               | shuntress wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure you cannot just "go walking outside for
               | as long as you wanted" when you are in jail.
        
               | goodpoint wrote:
               | > you live an incredibly sheltered, out-of-touch life
               | 
               | This describes solitary confinement, in a sadly ironic
               | way.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | tokai wrote:
         | Do solitary confinement help in correcting illegal/bad/wrong
         | behaviour among prisoners in your opinion?
         | 
         | Seems to me that it can only breed resentment and detachment.
        
           | randomacct8162 wrote:
           | No, not at all.
           | 
           | The thing I think most law-abiding/normal people don't
           | understand about the types of people in prisons is that they
           | are almost exclusively habitual offenders.
           | 
           | Even in the US, which is heavily punitive instead of
           | rehabilitative, you have to have run-ins with the law a
           | number of times before you are sentenced to serve time,
           | rather than probation or a halfway-house etc.
           | 
           | From my experiences, ~90% of people I saw during my time in
           | jail and prison were coming in and out, constantly being
           | arrested. There's no desire on their part to change, they're
           | a lost cause.
           | 
           | For the tiny handful of people that genuinely do want to have
           | a normal life and not go back to prison, our justice system
           | is awful. No, solitary is not good for that.
           | 
           | You need supportive + rehabilitative programs. They won't
           | solve everything, but for the small number of people who want
           | to get out of the system, they need an honest-to-god out and
           | chance at living.
        
             | alistairSH wrote:
             | _The thing I think most law-abiding /normal people don't
             | understand about the types of people in prisons is that
             | they are almost exclusively habitual offenders._
             | 
             | While that is true, there are classes of crime that are
             | automatic felonies with mandatory prison time. Things like
             | assaulting a police officer. Which doesn't have to be
             | throwing a punch - simply resisting handcuffs is sufficient
             | for the felony assault charge if the officer is mad enough
             | and friendly with the prosecutor.
        
             | ericmcer wrote:
             | How do you balance punitive with rehabilitative? I have
             | little experience in this but it seems like for a non-
             | violent offender or a victimless crime the experience
             | should be almost entirely rehabilitative, whereas for
             | violent offenders there should be some kind of punishment.
             | Both to discourage the behavior and as therapy for the
             | victims.
             | 
             | The justice system doesn't really offer me any protection
             | other than vengeance on someone who hurts or kills me or a
             | loved one. There is some comfort knowing that someone might
             | at least hesitate due to fear of consequences.
        
             | ROTMetro wrote:
             | I don't think that's as true anymore with the fentanyl
             | stuff. I saw a lot of ex-marines that got hooked on pain
             | pills because their bodies were beat up, moved on to
             | fentanyl, started dealing to support habit, and hatch a 17
             | year bit because someone ODd. Lots of first time in trouble
             | people caught up in fentanyl.
        
           | kingcharles wrote:
           | LOL. No. I did time in solitary. It literally makes everyone
           | worse.
           | 
           | Most people are in solitary for fighting or disobeying
           | instructions. Putting them in solitary does not change their
           | behavior.
           | 
           | One thing - I was scared of solitary before I went there the
           | first time. After the first time you realize there is nothing
           | more (legally) the authorities can do to you once you're in
           | solitary. You're in jail, in jail. Jail is boring as fuck.
           | Solitary is super boring. But it's still jail. When you go
           | there the second time you are prepared for everything and
           | know how to run the system.
           | 
           | A lot of people also end up doing a long time in there
           | because they misbehave in solitary, which is expected. You do
           | it because (i) you're pissed off; (ii) there is nothing more
           | they can do to you; (iii) it's fun to be finally be able to
           | tell a certain guard that he is a piece of shit and his wife
           | is ugly.
        
         | WhitneyLand wrote:
         | What did/do you do for a living, tech related? How did it
         | affect your career to have a felony drug charge?
        
           | randomacct8162 wrote:
           | I was on computers a lot as a kid and sort of taught myself
           | programming (very poorly) in my early years.
           | 
           | When I caught this charge, I had just turned 18. It really
           | ruined my life.
           | 
           | Currently, I work in tech. For a very long time I was barely
           | making ends meet, working in a fast food restaurant for
           | minimum wage while trying to interview to get a developer
           | job.
           | 
           | I went through 8 interview processes, and received offers
           | from all but one. Each one of them was rescinded when HR
           | learned that I had a felony, as a matter of company policy.
           | 
           | It was really heartbreaking and a lot of times, it made me
           | want to give up on life and just stop trying. I kept
           | interviewing and going to events/networking, and eventually
           | found a very low-paying job at a local place and sort of
           | slowly worked my way back up from there.
           | 
           | If anyone here has some degree of power at a company and
           | wants to make a difference in the world, convince your
           | company to hire felons with non-violent/non-finance related
           | offenses.
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | I never understood the whole felon thing, if that is
             | allowed discrimination outside certain roles how can those
             | people ever be expected back to society? Ofc, they are
             | going to do more crime if it is their only realistic option
             | for reasonable income.
        
               | throwaway0a5e wrote:
               | That's the point. It gives the state a cudgel with which
               | to keep people in line.
        
               | randomacct8162 wrote:
               | > "if that is allowed discrimination outside certain
               | roles how can those people ever be expected back to
               | society? Ofc, they are going to do more crime if it is
               | their only realistic option for reasonable income."
               | 
               | And you've found the answer to why the American
               | judicial/prison-complex is a revolving door system.
               | 
               |  _" Welcome to the Hotel California. You can check-out
               | any time you like, But you can never leave!"_
        
               | buran77 wrote:
               | It's a method to exercise control over a large slice of
               | the population and rob them of the means to challenge
               | their position. I don't think too may see it necessarily
               | as a fair measure that must be imposed on those people
               | for the protection of them or others.
               | 
               | On the other hand you have egregious cases where such a
               | measure would completely make sense but is ignored
               | because of larger interests. One of them is how EU public
               | institutions screen all their employees and filter out
               | felons. And then a public institution like the European
               | Central Bank names Christine Lagarde president, just 3
               | years after she received a criminal conviction of
               | negligence in allowing the misuse of public funds.
               | 
               | A freshly minted criminal can be named president of an
               | institution in more or less the same general area as
               | where she committed her crime. But a someone with a minor
               | drug charge can't take a dev job... Both are a stain on
               | modern society.
        
               | laurent92 wrote:
               | But, are felons discriminated from most jobs in Europe?
               | As an employer I've never checked the backgrounds, and I
               | would be actually happy of giving someone a path upwards.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | It is not in any single employer's interest to take on
               | the risks of hiring a felon, as long as the supply of
               | labor remains plentiful.
        
               | lupire wrote:
               | It seems fair for felons to work minimum wage last resort
               | jobs, because non-felons surely deserve the same or
               | better. But why are minimum wage last resort jobs so bad
               | in this country?
        
               | oh_sigh wrote:
               | Why "outside certain roles"?
               | 
               | If the argument is that serving your time in jail
               | rehabilitates you, then you shouldn't be limited in what
               | roles you can take after you've served your time.
               | 
               | I assume the "certain roles" you are talking about is
               | something like banking with someone with a history of
               | felony fraud. I guess the argument is that maybe prison
               | isn't 100% rehabilitative. But if that's the case, why
               | should I, as a non-banker, hire a felon who, say
               | assaulted a stranger with a baseball bat. Isn't there a
               | similar chance that prison wasn't 100% rehabilitative?
        
             | mgkimsal wrote:
             | Had to go search for it, but YC funded a company -
             | https://www.70millionjobs.com - that focuses on felon-
             | friendly companies hiring.
        
               | ROTMetro wrote:
               | FElon friendly normally ends up meaning they know you
               | have no other options and treat you about as good as you
               | would imagine a company with complete knowledge that if
               | you loose your job your PO could send you back to prison.
               | Hello mandatory overtime, horrible pay, every shit task
               | no one wants. It's way better to try and convince
               | somewhere that isn't felon friendly to try and hire you.
        
               | randomacct8162 wrote:
               | I won't sling mud, but the jobs are the same you can
               | already get as a felon (construction, kitchen,
               | hospitality, factory, etc) and I had a negative
               | experience with my interaction there
               | 
               | Thank you for looking though. I think it's important to
               | offer felons the chance to get a decent job in a proper
               | career field too.
               | 
               | There's one organization doing this called "Underdog
               | Devs":
               | 
               | https://www.underdogdevs.org
               | 
               | https://twitter.com/underdogdevs
        
               | mgkimsal wrote:
               | I did see 'tech' jobs there, but... perhaps they're just
               | 'general recruiter' posts that are mixed in? I search for
               | 'php' and found a bunch of job links come back...
        
               | ROTMetro wrote:
               | So I just signed up for this site. It has Home Depot who
               | won't hire you if you are on paper (supervised release)
               | and other companies that will bring you on 'temp to hire'
               | when they have need, but will seldom convert a felon to
               | permanent. Shows a lack of understanding or communication
               | with the people they are trying to 'help'. I got better
               | support from the other guys my first 15 minutes in the
               | half way house than this site gives. And that is in
               | general how society is toward felons. A lot of half assed
               | stuff to feel like, no look at all these services, they
               | have a chance. But in reality not so much.
        
         | syki wrote:
         | Thank you for sharing your experience and bringing these things
         | to light. As Dostoevsky said, you can judge a society by how
         | well it treats its prisoners. We are not a free people when we
         | live under the threat of being out into a prison system as
         | barbaric as the one we have.
        
           | randomacct8162 wrote:
           | I did have one positive interaction with a guard that stood
           | out to me from my time in there
           | 
           | I was being transported to a hospital for a medical
           | procedure, and I was talking to the guard who taking me, to
           | pass the time. I asked him why on earth he would want to be a
           | prison guard -- after all, they are in there with us for 10
           | hour shifts, and prisons are some of the most
           | bleak/depressing places on earth. That has to take a toll on
           | their mental wellbeing too.
           | 
           | He said that he originally was a regular police officer, but
           | after seeing how much corruption there was in the police
           | force and the things that happened, he felt like a hypocrite,
           | so he said the better alternative was for him to be a guard.
           | 
           | That conversation has stuck with me for a long time now.
        
             | muzani wrote:
             | I had a conversation with a police sergeant because of a
             | car accident we had. He said that we seemed to be right,
             | but some lawyers will likely try to sue us because it's in
             | the gray area that they usually "farm". The thing I
             | remember was he said something along the lines of, "These
             | lawyers are even worse than police."
             | 
             | I didn't think police were bad, but that made me reconsider
             | it.
        
             | nonameiguess wrote:
             | I put myself through community college working overnight
             | shifts cleaning restrooms in a theme park and was briefly
             | homeless a few times. Several of those times happened to
             | coincide with finals week and resulted in missing exams and
             | failing a few classes. It ended up that, by the time I
             | graduated, the only major I could successfully complete was
             | in Philosophy, with a minor in Biology. I was the first
             | person in my family to ever go to college and didn't
             | exactly have much in the way of advice or help to go on. It
             | turns out those aren't particularly lucrative fields and
             | don't really point you in any specific direction when it
             | comes time to look for jobs.
             | 
             | Well, back then, the state of California guaranteed a
             | minimum starting salary of $79,000, and paid overtime, to
             | prison guards, which was roughly double what I was looking
             | at making from doing anything else. So I applied. The only
             | reason I didn't end up ever actually working in the prison
             | system is that the background check and psych eval process
             | took over a year to complete, and by the time they gave me
             | an offer, I'd already joined the Army.
             | 
             | Almost 18 years later, after going back to school again
             | while in the Army for Applied Math and Computer Science,
             | here I am, but in another timeline, I'm a prison guard.
        
             | syki wrote:
             | I taught a semester in a max security prison. It was
             | described to me as a controlled movement facility. It was
             | an interesting experience and one that stuck with me. That
             | prison was a bad place. Thanks for your anecdote about the
             | former police officer.
        
               | randomacct8162 wrote:
               | Thank you for doing that, it's an important job. I
               | learned spanish by taking an hour-long spanish class
               | every weekday while I was in there.
               | 
               | If your class wasn't mandatory, then I'm sure you know
               | that most people were just there probably to get extra
               | time out of their cell or to break the monotony. And I
               | assume most of them were complete assholes to you.
               | 
               | After I am financially independent, I want to try to get
               | state/federal funding so that I can go back to prisons
               | and teach programming AND partner with companies to have
               | jobs/interviews lined up for release dates.
               | 
               | The worst part about being incarcerated isn't even always
               | the time you serve, it's that our justice system means
               | that you usually can never get a good job again,
               | regardless of what your charge was (in my case it was one
               | of the lowest class of felonies). It's like a ghost that
               | haunts you forever.
        
               | syki wrote:
               | I quickly figured out they were mostly there to break the
               | monotony. I threw out the curriculum and did basic graph
               | theory and some logic stuff. I only had one run in with
               | someone. The prisoners treated me decently. I gave them
               | all passing grades and just wanted them to get out of the
               | experience whatever they wanted to get out of it.
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | How did you get into that? It's something I would love to
               | do but I never knew how or if you could volunteer to just
               | do a single course, if you'd have any sort of support,
               | etc.
        
               | syki wrote:
               | The college I worked at had a few classes at the prison.
               | I was an adjunct and agreed to do it. None of the tenured
               | faculty would do it. Didn't really have any support. Did
               | wear a body alarm. One way the body alarm would be
               | activated was if it was horizontal for more than 3
               | seconds.
        
               | Blackthorn wrote:
               | Not the poster, but I taught a computer science class in
               | prison. I did it through a college which operates a
               | degree granting program in the state prisons (in addition
               | to normal college operations).
               | 
               | Most of the professors were paid, I did it as volunteer
               | work.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | The US prison-industrial complex is really disgusting and before
       | anyone brings it up: private prisons aren't why. Those are still
       | the minority of prison populations (but yes they're still bad).
       | 
       | Price gouging (ie commisary, cost of phone calls, charging for
       | video vists in prison, copays to see a doctor, institutionalized
       | rape as a form of punishment and control and yes, solitary
       | confinement).
       | 
       | Prosecturos, legislators and juries seek extended prison
       | sentences as a form of vengeance and being able to appear "tough
       | on crime" yet the outcomes are very racially-based. You can see
       | this in the lengths of sentences for similar circumstances that
       | only vary on race, the likelihood of the death penalty and the
       | fact that cases that are ultimately exonerated (eg by DNA
       | evidence) are heavily slanted towards minorities (meaning they
       | were wrongfully convicted to begin with).
       | 
       | Our current president was one of the key architects of the 1994
       | crime bill (signed into law by Bill Clinton) that was a massive
       | contributor to mass incarceration for low-level drug possession
       | crimes in particular.
       | 
       | And when people do get out we give them a scarlet letter for life
       | in the form of the "are you a felon?" question that should be
       | illegal. We throw people in prison who were out on probation or
       | parole for merely being _charged_ with a felony (note: _CHARGED_
       | not _CONVICTED_ ).
       | 
       | It's really depressing how comfortable so many Americans are with
       | this level of cruelty.
        
       | Synaesthesia wrote:
       | The US prison system is so brutal and things like solitary
       | confinement, which is torture, totally normalised. We need to
       | call attention to these things.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | Call attention? It's already known and public information;
         | clearly, awareness alone does nothing. No, this needs sweeping
         | political reform. Elect better leaders. Make the police, prison
         | guards, military, politicians and rich people accountable.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | Which politician campaigns on prison reform?
           | 
           | This needs Freedom Protests in the street.
        
         | bobbylarrybobby wrote:
         | Well one issue is that people who have been in prison often
         | cannot ever vote again, so the only people left to make
         | decisions about the prison system are those who have never
         | experienced it firsthand
        
           | m-watson wrote:
           | Just as a note, the majority of states give voting rights
           | back right away or after awhile.
           | 
           | https://www.ncsl.org/research/elections-and-
           | campaigns/felon-...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | gjsman-1000 wrote:
         | There's a video on YouTube of a prison warden who went into
         | solitary for 48 hours. He said it was painful - but that,
         | considering _how violent_ some of the prisoners he had to hold
         | were, he would still not rule out its use. It 's not an ideal
         | option in any way, but sometimes it's just the least-bad
         | option.
         | 
         | In my opinion, we should focus on overuse and abuse of solitary
         | confinement, but elimination is not possible for some
         | prisoners.
        
           | r00fus wrote:
           | The overuse of solitary confinement is a symptom of a raging
           | prison industrial complex that relies on political
           | corruption/kickbacks and a national culture that thinks
           | punishment is more valuable to society than rehabilitation.
           | 
           | One would need to alter both in order to resolve this. Given
           | their interlocking/reinforcing nature, it seems infeasible
           | without some kind of revolutionary change in US politics.
        
           | closeparen wrote:
           | Solitary obviously seems very bad. Being locked in a
           | congregate living setting with someone aggressive, brutal,
           | much stronger than you, with all the time in the world and no
           | better entertainment option than you, also seems very bad.
           | 
           | What will you do with someone who has beaten the shit out of
           | another inmate?
        
             | ROTMetro wrote:
             | The guys that can't stop getting picked on have to 'check
             | in' which means they are the ones who have to voluntarily
             | go to the SHU (segregated housing unit or solitary) and do
             | their entire sentence their until Obama passed a law
             | limiting how long someone could be kept in the SHU, so now
             | they get sent back to general population :( yay for good
             | intentions.
        
             | mywittyname wrote:
             | I suppose they could be housed in individual cells that are
             | open, so they can interact with other prisoners without
             | physical interaction.
        
           | jrochkind1 wrote:
           | I feel like there's probably a pretty big difference in how
           | it feels between voluntarily going into solitary for 48 hours
           | by your choice, only for 48 hours, and being in there for
           | months (or years!!), with no known end.
           | 
           | There's also a big difference between "ruling out it's use
           | entirely", and having hundreds of thousands of people in it
           | every day.
           | 
           | It is _not_ treated as a last resort in the current US
           | incarceration system.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | Solitary confinement is far beyond physical separation of
           | violent people.
           | 
           | Being able to see sunlight and other people isn't a risk of
           | violence.
        
         | x86_64Ubuntu wrote:
         | The knowledge and attention to the subject is there, the
         | problem is that a large swath of the US is authoritarian and
         | celebrates such brutal treatment.
        
         | bannedbybros wrote:
        
       | moralestapia wrote:
       | This is torture. Period.
        
         | colinmhayes wrote:
         | Frontline did an episode on solitary.
         | https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/frontline/film/solitary-nation/ I
         | agree, torture is the only word that accurately describes what
         | these people go through.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | I don't think anyone's arguing against that - at least not on
         | here - the question is how to stop it from happening and undo
         | the harm. That'll take big reforms, all the way up to the
         | current political system in the US.
        
         | ROTMetro wrote:
         | It sure is. And court sanctioned at that. My favorite is still
         | the Court finding that continuous lighting preventing sleep is
         | torture, but somehow stops being torture if it is 'needed' (as
         | designated by the keepers) for security. Sure still felt like
         | torture to me.
        
       | Terry_Roll wrote:
        
       | Dieselroar88 wrote:
       | Did 20 months in federal for selling cannabis. Also spent time in
       | solitary. Conditions are far worse than you could imagine. Also,
       | many prisons are _functionally_ solitary so the 4% number is way
       | low.
       | 
       | The economic networks in prisons are wild, and of course there
       | are incentives for guards to participate.
       | 
       | Not only are there massive number of cell phones in prisons,
       | there are cell phones _in solitary_ because the guards smuggle
       | them in.
       | 
       | Capitalism, what a thing, eh?
       | 
       | AMA
        
         | BbzzbB wrote:
         | I assume they wouldn't put electronic outlets in solitary
         | cells, so how did it work for phones? You'd get to use it for
         | 3-5 hours before the battery runs out and then a guard swaps it
         | for a charged one?
        
         | leetcrew wrote:
         | > The economic networks in prisons are wild, and of course
         | there are incentives for guards to participate.
         | 
         | maybe a naive question, but where does all the money come from?
         | I can understand that prisoners would trade favors and
         | artificially scarce items (eg cigarettes) amongst themselves.
         | but what's in it for the guards? I wouldn't expect a bunch of
         | people that aren't allowed to have jobs to have a ton of cash
         | to throw around.
        
           | ROTMetro wrote:
           | Where I was a single letter covered is K2, spice, whatever
           | you want to call it is worth $1500 minimum.The inmate
           | distributing it got $500 of that. Who knows where that $1000
           | went. And that was for K2, spice, a super crappy drug.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | Money comes from outside family and friends.
        
         | ROTMetro wrote:
         | THIS! Almost all inmates are illegally kept in functional
         | solitary and/or unconstitutional conditions. 30% of my long
         | term facility was classified 'short term housing' because they
         | were not constitutionally allowed to keep people in those cells
         | longer than 3 months due to the long term psychological damage
         | of such small spaces. Dudes had been in their cells 10 years.
         | One guy almost won a case about it, but they just moved him and
         | boom, he no longer had standing for his court case, everything
         | dropped, and no court following saying 'hey we found that this
         | guy was in unconstitutional conditions maybe we should check
         | things out'. Nope, just dropped. Another fun example, the US
         | Courts have ruled that lights on all night preventing sleep is
         | torture. They have a more recent finding that it isn't torture
         | if it is determined it is needed for safety. All the effects of
         | not sleeping for 4 years were totally undone once I learned it
         | was for safety and it wasn't torture.
        
       | dcdc123 wrote:
       | He never talked about the other type of fishing...in a lot of
       | prisons they are in rooms with doors, not bars. Inmates will pump
       | out the gas traps in their toilets and drop lines into the shared
       | plumbing with things tied to help them get tangled. They can then
       | pull the lines through and tie stuff to them.
        
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