[HN Gopher] Soybean oil affects hypothalamus, causes genetic cha...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Soybean oil affects hypothalamus, causes genetic changes in mice:
       study (2020)
        
       Author : whalesalad
       Score  : 524 points
       Date   : 2022-02-24 16:09 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.universityofcalifornia.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.universityofcalifornia.edu)
        
       | atlantas wrote:
       | My understanding is that most of the oils we use are unhealthy.
       | They are highly processed and inflammatory.
       | 
       | The good oils are avocado oil, extra virgin olive oil and coconut
       | oil.
       | 
       | Is this correct?
        
         | sva_ wrote:
         | Be aware that all these oils contain a lot of omega-6, and very
         | little omega-3 fatty acids. So if you consume a lot of that
         | stuff, you also need a good source of omega-3 DHA/EPA (fish or
         | supplement).
         | 
         | Also, there's quite a bit of controversy around the purported
         | health benefits of coconut oil. Personally, I'm rather
         | skeptical about it.
        
         | open-source-ux wrote:
         | " _...highly processed..._ "
         | 
         | I think this is an important distinction for evaluating oils.
         | For example, you mention avocado oil and coconut oil. Are these
         | processed with heat (and possibly solvents)? Or are they cold-
         | pressed with no other chemicals used to aid extraction?
         | 
         | In the UK, it is very common to find cold-pressed rapeseed oil
         | (canola oil) in supermarkets. The canola oil sold in US
         | supermarkets is highly processed. Is the cold-pressed version
         | still bad?
         | 
         | The problem is that when seed oils are demonised, no
         | distinction is made of the method of extraction. There are
         | hundreds of researchers (and YouTubers) repeating the mantra
         | 'seed oil = bad' without further distinction between heat-
         | pressed and cold-press oil extraction. If extraction methods
         | don't matter, then researchers need to provide evidence to
         | confirm this.
        
           | adrian_b wrote:
           | You are right that the extraction method matters a lot for
           | any oil.
           | 
           | Any method that uses high temperatures may cause various
           | chemical reactions that degrade some of the oil components.
           | 
           | Some of the methods that use solvents for extraction may
           | leave very small quantities of the solvents in the oils (e.g.
           | hexane, i.e. a light fraction of gasoline), which are
           | undesirable.
           | 
           | Nevertheless, cold-pressing is not necessarily the best
           | method, even if it is preferable to most other old methods.
           | 
           | While the extraction using carbon dioxide at high pressure
           | (supercritical CO2) is also classified as a solvent
           | extraction method, it does not leave anything in the oil and
           | it is able to extract any oil more completely and with less
           | degradation than any other method.
           | 
           | However this modern method is encountered only in relatively
           | recent oil production facilities, and unlike cold pressing it
           | is not known by most people so it is not used in marketing.
           | 
           | Thus, except for cold pressing, the buyer cannot know whether
           | the oil has been produced by a worse method like hexane
           | extraction or by a better method, like CO2 extraction.
        
         | adrian_b wrote:
         | There are 3 characteristics of the oils that influence how
         | healthy they are.
         | 
         | The first is the fatty acid profile, i.e. the relative
         | quantities of fatty acids.
         | 
         | It is best when the most abundant fatty acid is oleic acid.
         | This is true for olive oil and avocado oil and for certain
         | varieties of other oils which are claimed to be "high oleic",
         | e.g. high oleic sunflower oil.
         | 
         | For the oils with high percentage of saturated fatty acids, it
         | is better to have little palmitic acid and more of either
         | longer fatty acids, i.e. stearic acid like in cocoa butter or
         | shorter fatty acids, like lauric acid in coconut oil.
         | 
         | Besides the fatty acid profile, some oils are known to contain
         | other substances with favorable influences. This is known with
         | reasonable certainty only for extra virgin olive oil, which is
         | good for preventing cardiovascular diseases but it is not known
         | which exactly is the substance with the good effect.
         | 
         | And third, there are oils which may contain other substances
         | with bad effects, as shown here for the soybean oil or as is
         | the case for the traditional rapeseed oil with erucic acid.
         | Such oils must be avoided, at least until the undesirable
         | substance is identified precisely and its removal from the oil
         | becomes possible.
        
           | yissp wrote:
           | As I understand it, the evidence for erucic acid being
           | harmful has been called into question more recently. See the
           | footnotes for
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erucic_acid#Health_effects
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | Now it is understood that erucic acid is not so dangerous
             | as initially believed, because rats are much more sensitive
             | to it than most other mammals.
             | 
             | Nevertheless, the same paragraph from Wikipedia says that
             | erucic acid was shown to also cause heart problems in pigs,
             | but at much higher quantities than in rats. Therefore it is
             | dangerous, but only when eaten in larger quantities.
             | 
             | Canola oil is widely used in food and it contains erucic
             | acid. However it contains much less than traditional
             | rapeseed oil, so the current food standards are based on
             | the assumption that it should not have bad effects when
             | eaten in normal quantities.
             | 
             | Nevertheless, someone cautious could avoid it entirely,
             | because the only desirable property of the oils which
             | contain erucic acid is that they are cheap.
        
         | andreilys wrote:
         | Yes afaik, although I've heard some ppl say that coconut oil
         | has too much saturated fat making it not great for you.
         | 
         | Avocado oil seems to be the best?
        
           | sydbarrett74 wrote:
           | My research shows that coconut oil's benefits are chiefly as
           | a topical treatment. As far as ingesting it, the benefits are
           | minimal to nonexistent, and better derived from other
           | sources.
        
             | andreilys wrote:
             | Yea I guess the chief benefit of using coconut oil is
             | you're not ingesting seed oils which seem to be quite
             | harmful.
        
         | baby-yoda wrote:
         | avocado might not be so trustworthy, see:
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30105062
         | 
         | ghee is a great alternative IMO.
        
           | ______-_-______ wrote:
           | Has anyone done the research to find a reputable olive oil
           | brand?
        
             | exhilaration wrote:
             | Consumer Reports, from 10 years ago:
             | https://imgur.com/a/ChyyFnw
             | 
             | Personally I only purchase California olive oil, I don't
             | trust anything coming out of Europe due to the risk of
             | adulteration. If you want a widely available brand:
             | California Olive Ranch but look at the label carefully, you
             | only want their 100% California olive oil.
        
               | hammock wrote:
               | I also only purchase California olive oil. Costco has big
               | bottles for around $20 and it might be single origin too,
               | I can't recall at the moment.
        
             | krrrh wrote:
             | It's mentioned in the linked to article:
             | 
             | > Only two brands produced samples that were pure and
             | nonoxidized. Those were Chosen Foods and Marianne's Avocado
             | Oil, both refined avocado oils made in Mexico. Among the
             | virgin grades, CalPure produced in California was pure and
             | fresher than the other samples in the same grade
        
         | lkxijlewlf wrote:
         | Wait, isn't coconut oil bad?
        
           | throwawayboise wrote:
           | Well, it's mostly saturated fat. It's good for frying. Also
           | not bad to rub on dry skin.
        
           | aesch wrote:
           | Coconut oil is very high in saturated fats which some people
           | may want to avoid.
        
         | 09bjb wrote:
         | It's more nuanced than that but you could do a lot worse than
         | that list. Fat profile matters, and smoke point matters, e.g.
         | olive oil is great but if you're frying stuff with it you're
         | turning a lot of it toxic; avocado oil is better for high heat.
        
           | mrfusion wrote:
           | So olive oil would be bad to use in the air fryer?
           | 
           | Also what's the best substitute for vegetable oil for baking?
        
           | sva_ wrote:
           | > _olive oil is great but if you 're frying stuff with it
           | you're turning a lot of it toxic_
           | 
           | Do you have a source on that? What is toxic about it? Really
           | curious, because I cook a lot with olive oil.
        
           | cityofdelusion wrote:
           | There is no scientific evidence that olive oil breaks down
           | into toxic components.
           | 
           | https://actascientific.com/ASNH/pdf/ASNH-02-0083.pdf
        
             | paavoova wrote:
             | That's not quite what's shown in that PDF...All oils tested
             | showed signs of instability when heated, but EVOO was the
             | most stable. But EVOO still had an increase in trans-fats,
             | for example, when heated. Furthermore, in the conclusion,
             | they note
             | 
             |  _note that the experiments were carried out without food
             | being cooked. While cooking, the water and steam which
             | comes from the food being cooked aids the process of
             | hydrolysis. The absence of food in these trials may have
             | allowed for a greater impact of oil oxi- dation when
             | compared with other deterioration reactions_
             | 
             | They didn't test the affects of water and food contact on
             | stability and note the potential significance of
             | hydrolysis.
             | 
             | But just going by that, I'd avoid all refined oils and
             | heating/frying.
        
           | kansface wrote:
           | Any word on peanut oil?
        
             | slothtrop wrote:
             | same pitfalls as most vegetable oils, and high in omega 6,
             | which can throw off your omega3:6 ratio if you consume
             | lots, which increases risk of obesity among other things.
        
           | Pyramus wrote:
           | I thought it was a common myth that the smoke point of an oil
           | correlates with toxicity -- do you have a source that there
           | is a causal relationship?
           | 
           | The reason for olive oil not being used for deep frying is
           | mostly taste and cost, as far as I know.
        
             | jimbob45 wrote:
             | Smoke point refers to the temperature at which an oil will
             | break down. You're right that broken-down oil is unhealthy
             | but, more importantly, it makes for bad-tasting food and
             | should be avoided when possible.
             | 
             | https://www.masterclass.com/articles/cooking-oils-and-
             | smoke-...
        
       | mderazon wrote:
       | I consume a lot of Tahini (sesame seeds)
       | 
       | Anyone has any idea about how healthy it is ?
        
       | adamgordonbell wrote:
       | What products contain soybean oil? I use canola or olive oil, but
       | not sure I've ever bought soybean oil.
       | 
       | Is there any reason to think canola would be better?
        
         | whalesalad wrote:
         | No. Virtually all seed oils are terrible for you.
        
         | politician wrote:
         | Someone above said that it's usually marketed as "vegatable
         | oil".
        
         | zach_garwood wrote:
         | "Vegetable oil" seems to usually be all or mostly soy bean oil.
         | I believe margarine is also made largely from soy, as well.
        
         | 09bjb wrote:
         | Canola is a branding name to distract you from the fact that
         | the oil is technically from the nearly un-marketable
         | "rapeseed".
        
           | cameronh90 wrote:
           | In the UK, we call it rapeseed oil.
        
           | SquareWheel wrote:
           | Canola is a genetic evolution of rapeseed. They are not the
           | same thing.
        
             | exhilaration wrote:
             | Can you provide some links about this? I always assumed
             | that canola and rapeseed were synonymous.
        
               | SquareWheel wrote:
               | It looks to be covered in the opening paragraph of the
               | Wikipedia article.
               | 
               | > Canola are a group of rapeseed cultivars which were
               | bred to have very low levels of erucic acid and are
               | especially prized for use as human and animal food.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapeseed
               | 
               | They are of course very similar products, but it's not a
               | mere branding difference as the parent comment suggested.
        
             | undersuit wrote:
             | Meh, it's all just Rapeseed. No one considers Granny Smith
             | apples to be a different species from Red Delicious
             | cultivars.
        
               | Klonoar wrote:
               | ...I mean, we do though? There's definitely differences
               | in the products and you wouldn't necessarily sub them 1:1
               | in some things.
        
               | undersuit wrote:
               | But we don't.
               | 
               | Canola is a trademark for a seed oil with low erucic
               | acid, but it's still rapeseed oil, just like Cosmic Crisp
               | is still just an apple.
        
               | [deleted]
        
       | errantmind wrote:
       | Eventually people will realize that the vast majority of the
       | foods they buy at the store are:
       | 
       | * Undernourishing: lacking historical nutritional value
       | 
       | * Lopsided / Disproportionate: ingredients are wildly over/ under
       | represented wrt 'nature', like extreme levels of PUFAs in
       | products due to added seed oils
       | 
       | * Addictive Filler: Added suger or other added sweeteners, added
       | corn derivatives, etc
       | 
       | The only way to really avoid this is to go to extremes. For me
       | that means cooking all my own food and tracing as many of my
       | ingredients back to their sources and vetting them. Just buying
       | 'USDA Organic' isn't enough these days, I need to ensure the
       | various farms are not contaminating their soil with pesticides /
       | fertilizers, among other factors.
       | 
       | What I'd really like to see, and this is a bit out there for HN,
       | is a US certification for farmers practicing both USDA Organic
       | and Korean Natural Farming (a somewhat radical organic approach
       | to farming). I trust KNF with my health.
        
         | frankfrankfrank wrote:
         | What astonished me is that it has been shown that the
         | vegetables and fruits of today, at least the commercially
         | available ones, are substantially less nutritious than what was
         | available in the past.
        
       | justaman wrote:
       | Eat fresh, local, natural. Butter, simple olive oil, animal fats.
       | 
       | Food trends are trends because they are profitable. The people
       | telling you its healthy are those selling it to you.
       | 
       | The US must also move away from soy beans and corn syrup.
        
         | PretzelPirate wrote:
         | We should also remember that humans can be perfectly healthy
         | without consuming animals and soy products in moderation aren't
         | harmful.
         | 
         | We can eat a whole foods, plant-based diets without negative
         | health effects or the environmental damage caused by factory
         | farming.
        
       | Flankk wrote:
       | > January 23, 2020
        
       | hirundo wrote:
       | I went all carnivore 15 months ago, and a side effect of that is
       | the removal of all seed oils from the diet. The results include
       | complete remission of my diabetes and associated fatigue and
       | brain fog, the loss of more than 60 excess pounds, greater joy of
       | life and emotional stability, and a new, regular desire to
       | exercise and move my body.
       | 
       | I don't know how much of that is about cutting out seed oils. I
       | am getting large amounts of butter and tallow in my diet.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >I went all carnivore 15 months ago, and a side effect of that
         | is the removal of all seed oils from the diet. The results
         | include complete remission of my diabetes
         | 
         | [...]
         | 
         | It's equally plausible that all the effects stemmed from
         | removing carbs.
        
         | fswd wrote:
         | I've been eating beef tallow past three weeks. Not strictly
         | carnivore, but using the broth and oil from my cooking pots.
         | Wow I feel great. The best part is that the beef tallow is
         | free. I went to the butcher and asked for some fat trimmings,
         | they laughed and asked me what for. To render tallow. I got a
         | 5lb bag for free.
         | 
         | Also I discovered I can use Rosemary in the fat, for flavor and
         | memory improvement.
        
         | udbhavs wrote:
         | Did you cut out carbs as well?
        
           | timbit42 wrote:
           | Likely since carnivore means all meat.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | imwillofficial wrote:
       | This is wild, but also would explain a lot of the obesity issues
       | in the west.
        
       | WhompingWindows wrote:
       | This title is pretty click-baity in my opinion. Why doesn't the
       | title contain the words "soybean oil"? It seems bizarre to use
       | the words "most widely consumed cooking oil" without mentioning
       | which one.
       | 
       | And referring to changes in gene expression as "genetic changes"
       | kind of fear-mongers, given most things we eat lead to "genetic
       | changes" in our bodies...everything we eat is processed by
       | proteins which are regulated by gene expression.
        
         | DoneWithAllThat wrote:
         | Because it's clickbait! How can anyone not see that from the
         | title alone? Even a cursory reading of it shows it to be
         | ridiculous fearmongering nonsense.
        
       | toss1 wrote:
       | Result of designing the food supply chain for manufacturer
       | convenience and profit, instead of health of the people.
       | 
       | Yeah, but it's the "free market" so we're all supposed to cheer
       | at new products and boo at regulations.
        
         | daze42 wrote:
         | The whole point of the free market is choice so that when
         | people realize that certain things are unhealthy, they are able
         | to switch to something else. Also, we aren't exactly in a free
         | market at the moment:
         | https://farm.ewg.org/progdetail.php?fips=00000&progcode=soyb...
        
         | collegeburner wrote:
         | It's the government that wrote the current food pyramid and
         | teaches it to people in schools.
        
       | dinero_rojo wrote:
       | I kinda doubt there's a ton of overlap between "right wing"
       | twitter and HN, but there's been a decent amount of hate on seed
       | oils (especially soybean oil) over there lately. Here's one of
       | the bigger accounts promoting it in case anyone here'd wanna
       | glance at what those people might be saying:
       | https://twitter.com/SeedOilDsrspctr
        
         | slothtrop wrote:
         | You mentioned right wing. I suspect it would be owing to the
         | politicization of meat consumption and advocacy for the
         | carnivore diet.
        
           | dinero_rojo wrote:
           | Now that you mention it, I don't remember ever really hearing
           | about this stuff before the "meat is a treat" thing started
           | going around. So you're probably correct about that to some
           | degree.
        
         | exhilaration wrote:
         | Oh wow, they're using Pepe the Frog:
         | https://www.splcenter.org/hatewatch/2016/09/28/pepe-joins-ec...
        
       | dukeofdoom wrote:
       | What makes diet studies even more difficult is that you can have
       | genetically identical twins, and they will react differently to
       | diets only because of their gut bacteria.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xY0GKu-PM58
        
       | KerryJones wrote:
       | Another related source of information is The Big Fat Surprise by
       | Nina Teicholz, Erin Bennett. It goes deep into pretty much every
       | major nutritional study from 1950-2005 and shows a lot of how
       | soybean and many other seed/vegetable oil was originally founded
       | on poorly constructed studies and how there is likely much more
       | harm from them.
       | 
       | Highly recommended. It lines up well with this article.
        
       | telchior wrote:
       | Taking account that this is unproven in humans -- it's enough for
       | me to avoid soybean oil, as cooking oil choice is not very
       | important for my palate.
       | 
       | That said, which oils would you use for frying and baking? Most
       | high smoke point oils are, like soybean, polyunsaturated, so I'd
       | guess that they could have some of the same (proposed) negative
       | effects. Bonus points if the alternative is widely available (I
       | see potential options like avocado oil and ghee, which may not be
       | in my local stores).
       | 
       | Edit: To clarify, the following oils are ALSO very high in PUFAs
       | and thus might have similar issues to soybean oil: grapeseed,
       | safflower, sunflower, corn, walnut, cottonseed. Somewhat lower
       | but still fairly high in PUFAs: sesame, canola, peanut. Finally,
       | some oils are low in PUFAs but not suitable for the same uses as
       | soybean oil. Olive oil is one of these.
        
         | zaphar wrote:
         | If I'm frying something I just use Lard. It's cheap and easily
         | available. If I'm saute'ing something then I use Olive oil.
        
         | azth wrote:
         | Try Avocado oil, it's supposed to have a high smoke point.
        
         | krrrh wrote:
         | One pet theory that I've been harbouring for a while is that
         | the different obesity rates in the US and Canada could be party
         | explained by the dominance of canola vs soy/corn oil in various
         | prepared products. Many brands of mayonnaise or potato chips
         | will use canola oil in the Canadian version and soybean oil in
         | the US version. A sensitive palate can taste the difference in
         | the same way that Mexican coke made with cane sugar is
         | distinguishable from the US HFCS version.
         | 
         | Contrary to what many people think canola's omega-3 to omega-6
         | ratio is actually not too bad, while soy and corn are off the
         | charts in terms of omega-6 dominance.
         | 
         | EDIT: to answer your question on cooking or baking, coconut and
         | avocado are great, mostly monounsaturated, and have high smoke
         | points. As does pure olive oil (the yellow stuff, not the green
         | EVOO, which is preferred for salad dressings or lower heat
         | cooking). There was a recent study, done at UC Davis, that
         | found a lot of avocado oil to be fraudulent.[0]. Otherwise for
         | frying, beef tallow is still the best, and ghee can also be
         | used for sauteing since it has a much higher smoke point than
         | unrefined butter.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.ucdavis.edu/food/news/study-finds-82-percent-
         | avo...
         | 
         | > Only two brands produced samples that were pure and
         | nonoxidized. Those were Chosen Foods and Marianne's Avocado
         | Oil, both refined avocado oils made in Mexico. Among the virgin
         | grades, CalPure produced in California was pure and fresher
         | than the other samples in the same grade.
        
         | adrian_b wrote:
         | For frying and baking the so-called "high oleic" sunflower oil
         | should be very good, if not the best.
         | 
         | It degrades less with heating than other oils and it has a very
         | healthy fatty acid profile.
         | 
         | For salads or other food that is not cooked after adding oil,
         | extra virgin olive oil may be preferred, because it contains
         | other desirable substances besides fatty acids, but heating
         | will degrade those, so for frying and baking olive oil does not
         | have any advantage over the much cheaper high oleic sunflower
         | oil.
         | 
         | Besides high oleic sunflower oil, there are also other kinds of
         | oil that are claimed to be "high oleic", which should have
         | similar frying properties, but I do not have any experience
         | with those.
        
         | KerryJones wrote:
         | I'm Keto and have done a considerably amount of researching
         | into oils. Saturated fats are usually the best, but in order of
         | preference
         | 
         | - Bacon fat - Avocado Oil - Butter - Coconut oil - Olive Oil
         | 
         | If it's not one of these (or some other form of meat fat), I
         | skip it.
        
         | withinboredom wrote:
         | Humanity has been using Olive Oil for at least 1000 years. So
         | that seems pretty safe to me.
        
           | telchior wrote:
           | Yes, but olive oil has a low smoke point and is not used for
           | the same applications. Otherwise I'd happily use it for
           | everything.
        
             | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
             | You can use low-smoke-point oils for a lot of cooking if
             | you use them right. Pack a pan full of onions, add EVOO,
             | and fry at medium heat. The release of water from the
             | onions keeps the temperature of the oil down. It works
             | because physics (reducing conductive temperature transfer
             | via evaporative cooling).
             | 
             | However, if the pan only has a couple onion slices, or
             | there's more oil than onions, or the heat is way too high,
             | the situation changes. You can also overheat high-smoke-
             | point oils if you're not careful. Careful observation and
             | regulation of environmental factors is necessary in all
             | cases.
        
             | cityofdelusion wrote:
             | This is something of a modern myth -- me and my ancestors
             | have been using olive oil for all forms of cooking for
             | centuries. It does fine in high heat applications, you just
             | need to vent off the smoke. Flavor isn't affected in any
             | noticeable way. There's some YouTube videos with more
             | science behind the "low smoke" oils and the myths of their
             | being bad for cooking at high heats.
        
               | telchior wrote:
               | I do use EVOO for pan frying and sometimes just let it
               | smoke. However, I thought I could detect an altered
               | flavor as a result. Will have to read more, thanks!
        
             | titaniczero wrote:
             | Here in spain we use extra virgin olive oil for practically
             | everything and it's fine!
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | Humanity has also been drinking alcohol for thousands more,
           | doesn't mean it's safe.
        
             | jazzyjackson wrote:
             | fwiw while fermentation is at least as old as farming,
             | distillation into liquor only came about in the
             | renaissance. you have to get really competetive to overdose
             | on beer.
        
               | hombre_fatal wrote:
               | Alcohol is an endocrine/hormone disruptor and has all
               | sorts of effects on the body.
               | 
               | It's kind of like saying sugar isn't bad by bringing up
               | LD50 (13.5g/lb bodyweight). Immediately dying from
               | overdose is probably the last thing people have in mind
               | when discussing what foods are bad for us.
        
             | lkxijlewlf wrote:
             | Used to be safer than the water. Some places here in the
             | US, it may still be.
        
             | withinboredom wrote:
             | Alcohol is certainly safe, just not while operating
             | machinery or so much that it poisons you. These are pretty
             | much modern problems. Back in the day, it was safer to
             | drink alcoholic beverages than water. Alcohol wasn't as
             | strong back then, or use industrial methods so this is like
             | comparing apples to apple juice.
        
         | ghostly_s wrote:
         | Peanut oil is most often recommended for Asian cuisine.
        
           | telchior wrote:
           | I currently use peanut oil, but it's still 30% PUFA.
           | Presumably if PUFAs are bad (again, unproven!) then there
           | would be something better.
        
             | slothtrop wrote:
             | Specifically for Asian cuisine, all the typically used oils
             | are high in PUFAs. Otherwise there is EVOO.
        
             | ghostly_s wrote:
             | Why are you presuming PUFAs are bad? This study doesn't
             | seem to make such a suggestion.
        
               | telchior wrote:
               | A couple reasons. One, I believe the reason soybean was
               | chosen for this study was simply its prevalence in US
               | food -- not because it's special or unique. As an oil it
               | shares characteristics with a number of others, and the
               | most notable of these characteristics is its fat profile
               | (>50% PUFA).
               | 
               | Two, a connection between high PUFA oils in general and
               | poor health outcomes is being postulated by other
               | researchers... and, to be fair, many people who probably
               | have no particular expertise and/or hidden associations,
               | such as diet fads. But that's one of the reasons I asked
               | the question initially; even the sources that would
               | normally be trustworthy on other science (government
               | scientists) have proven to be wildly incorrect and
               | untrustworthy when it comes to dietary issues. I was
               | honestly hoping someone that works in the field would pop
               | up to comment.
        
         | cheald wrote:
         | Avocado oil is fantastic for high-temperature cooking (smoke
         | point ~500F). "Pure" or "refined" olive oil has a smoke point
         | of around 410F; it's EVOO that has the lower smoke point. Deep
         | frying happens at ~375F. Coconut and MCT oils are great for
         | baking, but they do have lower smoke points (320-350F) so
         | they're inappropriate for frying.
         | 
         | I generally prefer cooking, frying, and baking with avocado
         | oil, both because of its health profile and because because
         | it's extremely flavor-neutral, while olive and coconut both add
         | a distinct taste to the dish which may not necessarily be
         | desirable.
        
           | adrian_b wrote:
           | I am sure that avocado oil is excellent for high-temperature
           | cooking and I assume that in USA it is cheap, so it is a good
           | choice.
           | 
           | However the price of avocado oil varies wildly from country
           | to country. In Europe, where I live, it is 3 to 6 times more
           | expensive that olive oil and 15 to 20 times more expensive
           | than high oleic sunflower oil.
           | 
           | So in most places of Europe, the best choice for high-
           | temperature cooking would be high oleic sunflower oil,
           | because it is very cheap, being produced locally and not
           | imported, like avocado oil.
        
           | bduerst wrote:
           | Just be careful when you buy Avocado oil, a recent study
           | showed that 82% of the Avocado oil on shelves is either mixed
           | or rancid:
           | 
           | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S095671352.
           | ..
           | 
           |  _Chosen Foods_ and _Marianne's Avocado Oil_ are the only two
           | that are 100% pure refined avocado oil.
        
             | cheald wrote:
             | Chosen Foods is indeed my brand of choice.
        
           | telchior wrote:
           | Oh, I didn't know there's a variant of olive with higher
           | smoke point. I'll look out for that, thanks! Not sure if I'll
           | be able to find avocado but I'll try.
        
             | cheald wrote:
             | If you have a Costco nearby, they sell a pretty high
             | quality avocado oil under the "Chosen Foods" label. It runs
             | about $20 for a 2 liter bottle. The UC Davis study that
             | found a bunch of adulterated avocado oils specifically
             | called out the Chosen Foods oil as being one of the good
             | ones.
        
         | zemvpferreira wrote:
         | Why not fry in tallow and other animal fats? I'm not an expert
         | in this at all, but I will at least make the argument that we
         | have historically eaten more animal fats than vegetable oils,
         | so we might be better adjusted to it. I'd love to hear from
         | someone who's more educated.
         | 
         | Plus, they taste amazing.
        
         | csunbird wrote:
         | Why not the good old sunflower oil?
        
           | telchior wrote:
           | Sunflower oil has even higher PUFA content than soybean,
           | which is presumably the cause of these health issues in mice.
           | I believe soybean was just chosen for the study because it's
           | extremely ubiquitous in the US.
           | 
           | edit: Partially wrong! I'm told above that high oleic
           | sunflower oil has a different profile with less linoleic oil,
           | and apparently it's becoming more common:
           | https://www.nutritionletter.tufts.edu/general-
           | nutrition/what...
        
             | adrian_b wrote:
             | Besides traditional sunflower oil, which contains mostly
             | linoleic acid (a PUFA), now there is "high oleic sunflower
             | oil", which is extracted from a variety of sunflower
             | initially developed in Russia some 50 years ago, but now
             | grown in most countries.
             | 
             | This non-traditional sunflower oil has little PUFA and it
             | is perfect for frying and baking.
             | 
             | The sunflower variety grown for high oleic oil has a
             | genetic mutation with this effect, but it was not obtained
             | with the modern genetic modification technologies, because
             | obviously such technologies did not exist in the Soviet
             | Union in the seventies of last century.
             | 
             | Instead of that, the Russians have treated some sunflower
             | seeds with a chemical known to cause random genetic
             | mutations. Then they have grown and selected several
             | generations of plants until they have found one type with
             | the desired characteristic of producing oil consisting
             | mainly of oleic acid.
             | 
             | Later analysis has shown that this is due to a single
             | mutation, which diminishes the activity of the enzyme that
             | converts oleic acid into linoleic acid in traditional
             | sunflower plants.
        
               | telchior wrote:
               | Oh, I updated my comment for someone else's brief reply
               | then you popped up with the full rundown. Thanks!
               | 
               | The detail about forcing genetic mutation is neat, will
               | have to read up on that.
        
         | jesterpm wrote:
         | My personal philosophy is that nothing is good in excess.
         | Avoiding soy products is hard since soybean oil seems to be the
         | oil of choice for anything pre-made. So I basically avoid soy
         | in most everything I prepare myself (and try to prepare most
         | things myself).
         | 
         | When I'm cooking/baking, I use butter, olive oil, and (lately)
         | bacon grease, depending on what I'm making.
         | 
         | Coincidentally, in January I had made a list of everything in
         | my fridge and pantry. The only things left with soy were
         | mayonnaise, tortillas, and hamburger buns. I started making the
         | bread products myself for fun. I haven't tried to replace the
         | mayonnaise yet (I really dislike avocado mayo), but it's next.
        
           | telchior wrote:
           | Tortillas should be pretty easy to make at home too, although
           | I've had a tough time finding a press that doesn't break.
        
             | jesterpm wrote:
             | They are really easy. I have a tortilla press, but I don't
             | like it (the tortillas weren't thin enough). I've just been
             | rolling them out with a small rolling pin.
        
               | telchior wrote:
               | Yeah, the thinness was my issue as well. Which is how my
               | press got broken: pressing too hard. (That, and extremely
               | low quality iron being used to make it.)
        
         | bduerst wrote:
         | >which oils would you use for frying and baking?
         | 
         | Grapeseed oil is my go to.
         | 
         | It's fairly neutral in flavor (slight nuttiness), has high
         | smoke point, and is one that is a source of Vitamin E.
         | 
         | For frying and then roasting, I use avocado oil, but keep in
         | mind that many avocado oil bought on the shelves are already
         | oxidized or rancid. There's a handful of brands that tested to
         | be pure, one being _Chosen Foods_ (that I use).
         | 
         | Previous HN discussion:
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30105062
        
           | valarauko wrote:
           | > one that is a source of Vitamin E.
           | 
           | AFAIK the high temperature of frying oil destroys the
           | vitamins it may have
        
             | bduerst wrote:
             | Vitamin E is surprisingly stable in oil compared to other
             | vitamins (like A).
             | 
             | Unless you're commercially deep frying with the same oil
             | over several days, there's minimal vitamin E loss from
             | frying.
        
           | telchior wrote:
           | FWIW grapeseed oil is the absolute worst you could use if
           | PUFAs are bad. It's >80% PUFA, higher than any other.
           | 
           | Of course that's based on two suppositions: 1) that the
           | reason soybean oil is bad in this study is its PUFA content,
           | and 2) that it's also bad for humans, not just mice.
        
             | bduerst wrote:
             | The PUFA in grapeseed oil is linolenic acid (~75%), which
             | this specific study ruled out as the cause of the genetic
             | expression changes observed in high-fat diets with soybean
             | oil.
             | 
             | FTA:
             | 
             | >One additional note on this study -- the research team has
             | not yet isolated which chemicals in the oil are responsible
             | for the changes they found in the hypothalamus. But they
             | have ruled out two candidates. It is not linoleic acid,
             | since the modified oil also produced genetic disruptions;
             | nor is it stigmasterol, a cholesterol-like chemical found
             | naturally in soybean oil.
        
               | telchior wrote:
               | Huh, I did actually miss that. Thanks for pointing it
               | out. Linoleic acid isn't fully accepted as being healthy,
               | so it was an easy assumption for me to make.
               | 
               | My understanding of linoleic acid is that it got a ton of
               | good press as a result of the blowback from the discovery
               | that we were basically poisoning ourselves with trans
               | fats. So it wasn't really that we know PUFAs / linoleic
               | acid are good, it's just that we know they're an existing
               | alternative to something very bad.
               | 
               | Example random study link that points out some of the
               | unknowns around linoleic acid:
               | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5492028/
        
           | Klonoar wrote:
           | Seconding this choice as a go-to. I've really found I can't
           | go wrong with it.
        
         | olva22 wrote:
         | I would second Avocado oil for high heat cooking, high in
         | MUFAs. Also good for uses where you want a tasteless oil like
         | mayo if you don't enjoy the taste of extra virgin olive oil.
         | 
         | Extra virgin Olive for low heat application.
         | 
         | Definitely want to avoid Cottonseed as it contains a chemical
         | used as male contraception (unless you want that!)
        
       | johnnyApplePRNG wrote:
       | I listened to a great CBC-produced story on all of the
       | "propaganda" surrounding soybeans back in the 90s... there were
       | stories floating around that it raised estrogen levels in men and
       | made you grow man-boobs basically if you ate it. I remember my
       | friends joking about it at the time.
       | 
       | CBC wrote it off as completely without basis, said the chinese
       | had been subsisting off of them for thousands of years, if they
       | are fine eating it so should we be etc...
       | 
       | It was a convincing argument... but then again Canada grows a
       | huge amount of soybeans and CBC is always pro-government so what
       | to believe?
       | 
       | Perhaps there was some truth to the rumour?
        
         | stuckinhell wrote:
         | Probably, I know I distrust most of the food "science".
         | 
         | When I stuck to "food" pyramid, I was the most unhealthy,
         | overweight, and unhappy I've ever been. When I basically
         | switched to high fat, high protein, and lowish carbs,I got
         | healthier and more importantly my hormone profile went back to
         | normal and I wasn't depressed anymore.
         | 
         | It's astounding what lies the government pushes around food,
         | and how damaging it can be to your life!
        
           | kayoone wrote:
           | The thing with food science is that not every human is the
           | same and people react differently to different things. Some
           | people may thrive on a high fat diet, other might tolerate or
           | even need more carbs, it really depends and isn't black and
           | white. Thats why it's important to look at the sample size of
           | studies among other factors.
        
             | cgriswald wrote:
             | Is there some evidence that humans really react that
             | differently all else being equal?
             | 
             | Literally anything that can affect our bodies might be a
             | confounding factor: sleep; water intake; type, frequency,
             | duration, and difficulty of exercise; sunlight exposure;
             | climate (average temperature, humidity, temperature swings,
             | atmospheric salinity); elevation; latitude, _etc_...
        
               | carom wrote:
               | Celiac, lactose intolerance, fructose malabsorption,
               | migraines... there are plenty of variations that cause
               | people to handle foods differently.
        
         | dfxm12 wrote:
         | If you think something about those reports was fishy, you can
         | go and look up how long the Chinese had been subsisting off of
         | them and if they've had any problems. Any possible CBC bias
         | would have zero effect on that.
        
           | cgriswald wrote:
           | This is all hypothetical, since we don't have access to the
           | actual report referenced by the GP. However, it would be up
           | to the CBC to support any such claim, not up to the rest of
           | us to validate it.
           | 
           | You could verify that the extant Chinese population does not
           | have trouble with estrogen and soybeans. However, thousands
           | of years is long enough for evolution to work on soybean
           | eating populations, so I'm not convinced that would be a
           | meaningful claim in the first place. Best case scenario,
           | you'd find some metric for measuring historical estrogen
           | levels in Chinese men and look as far back as possible.
        
       | raxxorrax wrote:
        
       | epolanski wrote:
       | As a former chemist researcher I would like to point out: studies
       | on mice do not imply the same consequences in humans.
        
         | timbit42 wrote:
        
       | shadowgovt wrote:
       | > In all likelihood, it is not healthy for humans.
       | 
       | I'm sure their mouse studies are showing them something, but this
       | is the kind of bold claim that wants to be tested
       | anthropologically as much as bio-pharmacologically.
       | 
       | China is the leading consumer of soybean oil. It's been a dietary
       | staple since the 11th century.
       | 
       | Any claim it's generally unhealthy has to reconcile with the fact
       | that it's been used for 1000+ years. Perhaps one could claim "not
       | optimally healthy," but it's not a novel chemical.
        
         | slothtrop wrote:
         | In aggregate it has, but the processing and quality of the oil
         | has certainly changed. Notwithstanding, there has been a steep
         | increase in total consumption of vegetable oil since the mid
         | 20th century, owing to boxed / processed products. It's
         | possible that the primary issue is oil consumption is not as
         | moderate as it was.
        
       | Bedon292 wrote:
       | I should not be surprised that soybean oil is the most widely
       | consumed oil, but I had not actually realized it. I had to look
       | it up; It is in margarine, mayonnaise, and most vegetable oils.
       | And I just had not payed that close of attention.
        
       | m47h4r wrote:
       | Ah! Finally an explanation :D
        
       | dustractor wrote:
       | Over the last 3 decades I've had the experience of working on and
       | off in the restaurant industry so I've been able to observe what
       | happens to my body and which type of health issues seemed to
       | always disappear when I'm not working in a kitchen versus when I
       | am, and I have narrowed it down to only the kitchens where there
       | was soybean oil in the fryer that correlated with extreme sinus
       | issues.
        
       | JPKab wrote:
       | This stuff should be banned outright.
       | 
       | Fatty liver is a big deal. Insulin resistance is as well. Both
       | lead to high blood pressure, heart disease, and Type II diabetes.
       | 
       | The impacts on our health care system from these conditions dwarf
       | anything else. It should be noted that these conditions, along
       | with obesity dramatically increased the death/hospitalization
       | rate for COVID.
        
       | scythe wrote:
       | I'm glad that this study was published -- it seems interesting --
       | but I hate the controls chosen. Coconut is a _weird_ oil. It
       | contains a lot of lauric acid, a fatty acid found in high amounts
       | in coconut, palm kernel oil, and pretty much nothing else. You
       | should also compare soybean to a _normal_ oil, like olive oil,
       | palm oil, duck fat, butter, lard, canola, or something else.
       | 
       | Imagine you want to evaluate the effect of switching to [insert
       | your favorite language here] on programmer productivity, so as a
       | control language for comparison, you choose Haskell. Doesn't that
       | sound just a little weird?
        
       | sydbarrett74 wrote:
       | _Any_ fried foods are atrocious for one 's health. Frying is the
       | cooking method that creates the highest levels of advanced
       | glycation end-products, which are deadly.
        
       | roywiggins wrote:
       | It's worth pointing out that the "genetic changes" in question
       | are changes in gene _expression_.
        
         | version_five wrote:
         | Could you elaborate on that? It doesn't surprise we that
         | "genetic changes" is used sensationally, just would like to
         | know what is actually happening and whether it's uncommon or
         | something pretty normal?
        
           | goldcd wrote:
           | Your DNA is the "cookbook", of what your body can make.
           | 
           | Gene expression is what your body happens to be making (and
           | how much) from the cookbook - and's entirely normal.
           | 
           | I'd have reserved "Genetic changes" for alterations to the
           | cookbook.
        
             | infogulch wrote:
             | Great analogy, thanks!
        
             | thaumasiotes wrote:
             | > Your DNA is the "cookbook", of what your body can make.
             | 
             | > Gene expression is what your body happens to be making
             | (and how much) from the cookbook
             | 
             | Gene expression is what you are making right now, and how
             | much, in a direct and fairly uninformative sense.
             | 
             | But along with recipes for what you _can_ make, your DNA
             | obviously also encodes what you _should_ make, and when,
             | and how much, and how all of that should change in response
             | to various things -- and gene expression is part of that
             | too.
        
           | crowbahr wrote:
           | In the simplest terms:
           | 
           | Gene expression constantly changes. It's a field known as
           | epigenetics.
           | 
           | You have tons of genes, not all of which are constantly
           | active.
           | 
           | You have histones in your DNA that allow certain portions to
           | be read while others are locked away. This changes how your
           | genes activate.
        
             | valarauko wrote:
             | Gene expression >>> epigenetic changes.
             | 
             | Epigenetics is just one of the mechanisms that regulate
             | gene expression in some organisms, but there are many many
             | more mechanisms at play. All cells of a given cell type
             | don't express the same genes at the same level, or even
             | maintain the same expression profile from hour to hour.
        
             | VeninVidiaVicii wrote:
             | Gene expression is not just epigenetics, bacteria also
             | obviously express genes, but largely have no epigenome.
             | 
             | Gene expression changes due to environmental signals, and
             | it happens all the time.
        
         | projektfu wrote:
         | Thank you. I have never heard a biologist refer to a change in
         | gene expression as a genetic change. The latter usually refers
         | to a mutation.
        
           | roywiggins wrote:
           | And the paper itself makes it clear, it's even in the title-
           | it's the press release that tried to "simplify" it to the
           | point of being confusing.
           | 
           | https://academic.oup.com/endo/advance-
           | article/doi/10.1210/en...
        
       | artursapek wrote:
       | Follow https://twitter.com/SeedOilDsrspctr to learn more!
        
       | rob74 wrote:
       | Interestingly enough, soybean oil is virtually non-existent over
       | here in Germany - at least not as oil that you can buy (here the
       | dominant ones are canola, good ol' sunflower and olive - the
       | latter not for frying though), and I also haven't heard of it as
       | an ingredient in industrial foods, but I wouldn't vouch for that.
        
         | Pxtl wrote:
         | I don't think you'll see "soybean oil" as a product on a shelf
         | you'll see in any grocery store anywhere in the world.
         | 
         | It's an ingredient in pre-made foods.
        
           | unbalancedevh wrote:
           | Maybe not marketed as such, but in the US anyway most bottles
           | of "vegetable oil" are soybean oil.
        
         | unfocussed_mike wrote:
         | Yes. As I mentioned above -- soybean doesn't grow well in most
         | of Europe (certainly not in the UK), canola grows very easily.
         | Also soya is one of the 14 notifiable allergens in Europe,
         | which makes it almost unsaleable in its unrefined form. Unusual
         | to find it outside of specialist asian food stores.
         | 
         | In the UK, "vegetable oil" is almost always canola.
         | 
         | Even sunflower oil will be marketed as such because it's more
         | expensive (imported from Germany, Ukraine, Albania I imagine).
         | And I imagine it'll only get more expensive because of _the
         | situation_.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | > at least not as oil that you can buy
         | 
         | It's not a common oil you find on the shelves of a grocery
         | store, even in the US.
         | 
         | It is, however, a prominent ingredient in a lot of bottled
         | sauces and dressings. You can find it on the ingredients list
         | of most salad dressing and sauces.
        
           | unbalancedevh wrote:
           | Most "vegetable oil" in the US is soybean oil.
        
           | leafmeal wrote:
           | Virtually all "vegetable oil" you see in stores in the US is
           | soybean oil.
        
         | Pyramus wrote:
         | It's a very German thing to not use olive oil for frying. It
         | took me by surprise when living abroad, and to realise it's a
         | common frying oil in Mediterranean countries but also in the
         | UK.
        
           | unfocussed_mike wrote:
           | Economics, probably -- sunflowers and canola grow more
           | easily.
           | 
           | Olive oil is a nice pan-frying oil, it's what I use.
           | 
           | Linguistic thing:
           | 
           | When Americans talk about oil for frying, in my experience,
           | they are a fair bit more likely than us to specifically mean
           | _deep_ frying, for which olive oil is no use. Way more of a
           | deep-frying culture, from several different influences.
           | 
           | American cooks are slightly more likely (than the Brits at
           | least) to use the term "broiling" for shallow/pan-frying.
           | Unusual word here.
        
             | ryeights wrote:
             | "Broiling" would refer to using the broiler on one's oven,
             | I've never heard that term used to describe pan-frying.
             | Terms I have heard are sauteed and seared
        
               | unfocussed_mike wrote:
               | As another aside, deep fat frying is quite uncommon in
               | homes in the UK now.
               | 
               | Many people under the age of say 25 will never have eaten
               | deep-fried food cooked at home.
               | 
               | There was quite a concerted campaign against it in the
               | early 80s because so many house fires and serious
               | injuries were caused by either unsafe fryers or unsafe
               | technique. Safety campaigns, TV ads, fire brigade
               | campaigns, a campaign to get people to fit extractor
               | hoods and smoke detectors etc. Coincided with a public
               | health campaign aimed at getting us to lower our fat
               | intake, about deep fried food, full fat milk etc.;
               | government "nudge unit" stuff.
               | 
               | Time was, deep fried food was a staple of cheap home
               | cooking; nowadays a deep fat fryer is really an
               | enthusiast cook's appliance, in white British homes at
               | least.
        
               | unfocussed_mike wrote:
               | The main difference is the direction of the heat though.
               | Top down rather than stove top. More or less the same
               | deal otherwise.
               | 
               | "Seared" and "sauteed" we do use! It's just we also use
               | "frying" for that, and "frying pan".
        
             | ska wrote:
             | > use the term "broiling" for shallow/pan-frying. Unusual
             | word here.
             | 
             | I don't think that's right; it's more used for what you do
             | in the oven under the "broil" setting.
             | 
             | Americans use "saute" and "fry" in somewhat context
             | dependent , somewhat interchangeable ways. Along with
             | "sear" being somewhat specific to browning at high heat.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | Speaking as an American...
               | 
               | I was aware that "broiling" was a cooking method, but I
               | have no concept of what it involves. After checking a
               | dictionary, I still don't -- wikipedia redirects
               | "broiling" to "grilling", and Merriam-Webster defines
               | "broil" as "to cook by direct exposure to radiant heat:
               | grill", with an example given of "broil the steak in the
               | oven". I would be more likely to use "bake" for heating
               | something in an oven, though I'm uneasy about applying
               | "bake" to a steak; I'd probably just say "cook the steak
               | in the oven".
               | 
               | I would use "fry" for cooking something in oil; I would
               | not personally use "saute" at all.
               | 
               | I note further that neither Merriam-Webster nor wikipedia
               | seems to be aware of a distinction between grilling and
               | baking, or at least not one they're willing to
               | articulate. I would have said that baking involves being
               | cooked within an oven and grilling involves being cooked
               | on top of a hot surface.
        
         | csunbird wrote:
         | Exactly, I was wondering why none of the comments were talking
         | about sunflower oil, which is what I used in my whole life
         | along with olive oil. Vegetable oil does exist in Germany, I
         | think it is sold as pflanzenol, although I just don't use it.
        
       | simonsarris wrote:
       | > The same UC Riverside research team found in 2015 that soybean
       | oil induces obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance, and fatty
       | liver in mice. Then in a 2017 study, the same group learned that
       | if soybean oil is engineered to be low in linoleic acid, it
       | induces less obesity and insulin resistance.
       | 
       | > "The hypothalamus regulates body weight via your _metabolism,
       | maintains body temperature,_ is critical for reproduction and
       | physical growth as well as your response to stress,"
       | 
       | Italics mine.
       | 
       | Linoleic acid is what induces torpor (hibernation) in mammals. We
       | are mammals. People in the modern world are possibly something
       | like half hibernating, inclusive of mental effects and of course
       | the effect on difficult-to-remove-weight. The rise in Soybean oil
       | consumption is an enormous change in the human diet over the last
       | 50 years. The scale of it replacing so many fats, especially
       | formerly animal fats, is just huge.
       | 
       | See: _Humans and Hibernating Mammals React to The Same Amount of
       | Dietary Linoleic Acid in the Same Way. By Becoming Torpid._
       | 
       | https://fireinabottle.net/humans-and-hibernating-mammals-rea...
       | 
       | (I submitted that article because I think its worth its own
       | discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30456454)
        
         | xhrpost wrote:
         | > Linoleic acid is what induces torpor
         | 
         | Is this the same as ALA in flax-seed oil that is supposedly
         | good for us?
        
           | Pxtl wrote:
           | It's _every_ high-heat unsaturated cooking oil. Basically
           | every cooking oil except olive oil and full-fat stuff like
           | coconut, butter, and lard contain a decent amount of linoleic
           | acid.
        
             | loopdoend wrote:
             | Butter and lard contain Neu5Gc which is another nutrition
             | rabbit hole.
        
           | primroot wrote:
           | ALA is alpha-linolenic acid (the essential omega-3 fatty
           | acid). LA is linoleic acid (the essential omega-6 fatty
           | acid). They are the "raw materials" of the Arachidonic Acid
           | Cascade.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | Presumably this is somewhat parallel to the poly- and mono-
             | unsaturated fat versus saturated fat. The bones of these
             | chemicals are pretty similar but what hangs off the
             | molecule makes a huge difference in behavior, like CO2
             | versus CO.
        
             | stjohnswarts wrote:
             | So does this mean they should have similar effects on the
             | body or that they are different enough to be essentially
             | just two different fats that are significantly different
             | enough not to draw conclusions that ALA causes the same
             | (potential) effects as LA as brought forth in the article?
        
               | rileyphone wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatty_acid_ratio_in_food
        
               | pigeonhole123 wrote:
               | ALA is one type of Omega 3 fat. LA is Omega 6.
        
               | loudtieblahblah wrote:
               | They're both polyunsaturated fats. While an over-
               | simplification Omega3s (which ALA is) tend to be anti-
               | inflammatory and have tons of positive effects of
               | cardiovascular health (up to a point - more on this
               | later) while Omega6s, which are necessary for our
               | survival, do tend to have an inflammatory effect.
               | 
               | The goal is to be high-ish in Omega3s without getting
               | mercury poisoning and low in Omega6s.
               | 
               | The modern diet - so if you go out to eat at all, if you
               | cook with corn/canola/soybean/cottonseed oils or
               | shortenings like Criso, if you use 90% of most modern
               | pre-made marinades, salad dressings, cereals, chips,
               | crackers, cookies, and even most bread (not including
               | some brands of butter bread), they all load up on "seed
               | oils" (Meaning LA).
               | 
               | When people say a good diet is rich in whole foods and
               | low in processed foods - this is what is at the heart of
               | it. Processed foods tend to be high in omega6s, high in
               | sugar, and high in sodium,. The latter 2 are largely for
               | taste, or in salt's case taste and preservation.
               | 
               | Omega6s are used b/c the oils are super cheap. These are
               | oils that couldn't exist without modern industry, in the
               | bulk in which we produce them. (unlike say..beef tallow,
               | coconut oil, butter, olive oil, ghee, duck fat, etc.) And
               | initially they were sold by non-food industries as a way
               | to maximize profits on byproducts from other industrial
               | processes.
               | 
               | They have incredibly high smoke points and they don't go
               | rancid or spoil, so if you want to make say... Cheeze-Its
               | or Pringles, it's a perfect choice for production - it's
               | cheap, it's stable, it doesn't burn easily, it doesn't
               | spoil, etc..
               | 
               | What's worse is we've radically changed what we feed
               | animals too - chickens, pigs, cows, and now all of the
               | meat we eat also has a much higher omega6 profile than it
               | ever did before these seedoils came along or "corn"
               | became the staple of our lives from ethanol to chicken
               | feed.
               | 
               | Foods high in Omega3s tend to be fatty fish, the low
               | mercury types would be salmon and sardines, mostly. Tuna
               | is good too but higher in mercury. and you'll want to eat
               | the wild versions of these b/c at least in Salmon's case
               | it also contains an antioxidant called Astaxanthin, which
               | is an amazing anti-oxidant. Salmon get this from eating
               | Krill (Krill get it from eating algae - and it's why
               | krill and salmon are red/pink).
               | 
               | Unlike most anti-oxidants, Astaxanthin doesn't flip to
               | being pro-oxidant under any circumstances and it,
               | particularly, prevents Poly-Unsaturated Fats from
               | Oxidizing. Which is really important since they oxidize
               | so easily ( this is why Omega3 based oils, for example,
               | aren't good cooking oils).
               | 
               | Fish are high in EPA and DHA, which are forms of Omega3.
               | ALA is the type found in flax or papaya or some other
               | sources. I'd mention chia seeds but being as they're
               | higher in oxylates than spinach, i reject them as a
               | health food. ALA is a poor Omega3. Your body can't use it
               | directly and it must be converted into EPA and DHA and
               | it's done so at a really poor conversion rate. Something
               | like only 5-10% of the Omega3s in ALA form ever get
               | converted to a form that your body can use.
               | 
               | And while there's 1000s of blogs and videos going on
               | about the benefits of Omega3s, which there are many, let
               | me also give warning that high doses of EPA (pure EPA at
               | 4-7g) given to patients in a clinical trial, for years,
               | gave them heart arrhythmias. While no fun, the main cause
               | of death from heart arrhythmias is stroke, and funny
               | enough, Omega3s lessen the risk of death from stroke. So
               | you'd get a heart arrhythmias but still be less likely to
               | die from it. The lesson here, though, is the poison is in
               | the dose.
               | 
               | The more you read Fire in a Bottle (blog linked in first
               | comment), you'll notice that the human body really isn't
               | meant to process mass amounts of PUFAs at all.
               | 
               | This is a fantastic talk on Omega3s:
               | 
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-f-CFQxaUY4
               | 
               | I have weaponized my health anxiety, so subscribe if
               | you'd like to know more.
        
         | softwarebeware wrote:
         | It's interesting to try and square the multiple conflicting
         | findings about the effect of the modern diet on the brain and
         | other observed phenomena such as The Flynn Effect
         | (https://ourworldindata.org/intelligence) that mean IQ is
         | increasing over time.
        
           | stakkur wrote:
           | Maybe 'IQ', a somewhat suspect measure, isn't very useful.
        
           | whoisburbansky wrote:
           | Especially interesting to put all of that in the context of
           | recent reports of plateaus and reversals in the Flynn Effect,
           | at least in certain European countries:
           | (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6042097/),
           | contrasted with wider meta-analyses that still show an
           | increase, although less than previously thought, and
           | dependent on age group and country development status. (https
           | ://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S01602...)
        
           | somenameforme wrote:
           | The Flynn effect has been observed to have reversed in a
           | number of nations in Scandinavia and elsewhere. [1]
           | Scandinavia is the typical test bed because of have
           | compulsory military enlistment paired with IQ testing. And
           | the declines are quite substantial with Norway seeing a 5
           | point decline between individuals born in 1991 compared to
           | those born in 1975, and a 3 point decline compared to those
           | born in 1962.
           | 
           | Big meta studies may miss this because its a relatively new
           | trend, and IQ is full of a million biases that can just
           | generate noise when combined. When people are young, their IQ
           | is significantly influenced by environmental factors, but as
           | they age genetic factors become dominant. And in countries
           | without some form of compulsory testing, sample biases
           | abounds.
           | 
           | As for the past gains, look at height! Height is reasonable
           | proxy for nutrition and globally it's just skyrocketed [2].
           | Japan is one of the more extreme examples, with their average
           | height increasing by about half a foot since 1896!
           | 
           | [1] - https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flynn_effect#Possible_end
           | _of_p...
           | 
           | [2] - https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/average-height-of-
           | men?tab...
        
           | iratewizard wrote:
           | There was a good article I read years ago (and can't find
           | again with how useless Google has become) which talked about
           | IQs rising but people getting dumber. The main theory it had
           | was adapting to the tests and teaching skills that help
           | answer questions on IQ tests.
        
         | sinyug wrote:
         | > Soybean oil
         | 
         | I saw this video about seed oils a few months back.[1] Some of
         | the information there tracked stuff I have been reading for a
         | while. Decided to switch over completely to coconut oil and
         | _ghee_ (clarified butter).
         | 
         | A comment on the video that matches my view on the subject:
         | 
         | > If you want to be healthy just do the exact opposite of
         | everything we were told about nutrition by mainstream experts
         | for decades
         | 
         | [1] The $100 Billion Dollar Ingredient making your Food Toxic
         | (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rQmqVVmMB3k)
        
           | mrob wrote:
           | >ghee
           | 
           | Cholesterol oxides in Indian ghee: possible cause of
           | unexplained high risk of atherosclerosis in Indian immigrant
           | populations:
           | 
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2887943/
           | 
           | "Substantial amounts of cholesterol oxides were found in ghee
           | (12.3% of sterols), but not in fresh butter"
        
             | sinyug wrote:
             | > Indian ghee
             | 
             | We have been using ghee in India for thousands of years. If
             | immigrant Indians are having problems, they should look
             | into what changed in their diet and lifestyle after they
             | immigrated.
        
               | namdnay wrote:
               | > We have been using ghee in India for thousands of years
               | 
               | That in of itself is not a particularly good argument.
               | What has been the life expectancy for those thousands of
               | years?
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Indians in India have skyrocketing diabetes and obesity
               | numbers in recent decades. 20+ years ago you would
               | struggle to see a single non thin person.
               | 
               | Drastic increase in quantity of ghee (and sugar since a
               | lot of Indian tests are a lot of ghee and sugar) consumed
               | and reduction in labor (trading strenuous, perspiring
               | work for air conditioned, sitting work) could be relevant
               | factors that make ghee consumption from the previous
               | thousand years not comparable to today.
        
               | sinyug wrote:
               | > Indians in India have skyrocketing diabetes and obesity
               | numbers in recent decades. 20+ years ago you would
               | struggle to see a single non thin person.
               | 
               | I have noticed that. I have also noticed that youngsters
               | started adopting Western habits and diets and consumption
               | patterns over the same time period.
               | 
               | > Drastic increase in quantity of ghee
               | 
               | Unless you are rich or belong to the upper middle class,
               | ghee is generally consumed in moderate quantities because
               | the family would not be able to afford it.
               | 
               | Today, ghee is between Rs. 500-600/kg. Seed oils are
               | about Rs. 125/kg.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Presumably, the Indian immigrant populations discussed
               | above would belong to upper middle classes, by virtue of
               | being able to immigrate at all. But also, the sheer scale
               | of Indian population can mean we are talking about a
               | couple hundred million people easy in India whose
               | lifestyle is no longer conducive to the amount of ghee
               | they were used to eating.
        
               | 8ytecoder wrote:
               | Yup. Rich/Upper Class people used to consume a lot of
               | Ghee (rich people - they can afford it. Upper class -
               | usually because they're connected to temple food
               | preparation and ghee is abundant there). The rest of us
               | used a tiny amount at the very end for flavor. Peanut oil
               | & Coconut oil were common in our household. Followed by
               | sunflower oil.
        
               | GordonS wrote:
               | > Indians in India have skyrocketing diabetes and obesity
               | numbers in recent decades
               | 
               | About a decade ago, my Indian colleagues told me that
               | Indians had been encouraged to switch away from ghee,
               | based on health concerns. I forget which oil most moved
               | to, but I think it was palm, vegetable or sunflower oil.
               | In addition, they said consumption of refined sugar had
               | _skyrocketed_ , where palm sugar had previously been
               | used.
               | 
               | Ghee has been consumed for centuries (at least) in India
               | - I wonder if it's these ghee alternatives and refined
               | sugar are the main causes of increased diabetes and
               | obesity.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | > Ghee has been consumed for centuries (at least) in
               | India - I wonder if it's these ghee alternatives and
               | refined sugar are the main causes of increased diabetes
               | and obesity.
               | 
               | Yes, carbohydrates like sugar are of course a huge part
               | of the problem, but the health crisis has many factors
               | and my intention was to convey that ghee has downsides.
               | Saturated fats are saturated fats regardless of how many
               | thousand years they have been used.
        
               | sinyug wrote:
               | > I wonder if it's these ghee alternatives and refined
               | sugar are the main causes of increased diabetes and
               | obesity.
               | 
               | This is the _most_ likely cause. People in India are
               | consuming way more sugar, refined flours and seed oils
               | than they used to three decades back. That is when all
               | these colas /biscuits/chocolates/chips/pizzas and oils
               | started being advertised heavily on television.[1]
               | 
               | [1] Sundrop super-refined sunflower oil: the healthy oil
               | for healthy people
               | (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WI-39Wxd5U8)
               | 
               | [2] Saffola: refined Kardi/Safflower oil
               | (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fTaMTD3taVc)
        
               | valarauko wrote:
               | People in India are consuming way more of everything,
               | including ghee, than they did three decades ago. Ghee was
               | a luxury then and carefully portioned out. Growing up I
               | ate a lot more Dalda than ghee, simply as a matter of
               | what we could afford. Traditionally ghee was even more of
               | a luxury than in my time. Outside the traditional cowbelt
               | areas, ghee was substantially more expensive relative to
               | other goods prior to Operation Flood. So while Indians
               | have been eating ghee for millennia, they probably ate a
               | tiny fraction of how much we eat it now.
        
               | kortilla wrote:
               | > We have been using ghee in India for thousands of
               | years.
               | 
               | Doing something unhealthy for "thousands of years" does
               | not make it healthy.
        
               | sinyug wrote:
               | > unhealthy
               | 
               | There is no concrete evidence that ghee is unhealthy.
               | Even the linked study is only talking about a "possible
               | cause," that too in Indians who are not even in India.
               | Indians adopt western habits when they immigrate. Who
               | knows what they have been eating once they assimilated
               | into English and West Indian societies.
        
             | loudtieblahblah wrote:
             | Cholesterol is more than just fat consumption. You can't
             | talk cholesterol without talking about carbohydrates.
             | 
             | All fat oxidizes, some oxidize easier than others. Some are
             | more inflammatory tahn others (omega6s are way more so than
             | saturated fats). Carb intake has complex interactions
             | kicking off the oxidation of fats too.
        
             | pigeonhole123 wrote:
             | There are thousands of possible explanations. Indians may
             | just tolerate the western lifestyle worse than westerners
             | do. This study seems to look at a single chemical compound
             | that is suspected of some connection with atherosclerosis,
             | which is pretty thin.
        
               | sarma912 wrote:
               | In Grad school (and as someone who had no idea about the
               | western diet or macros for that matter at the time),
               | pizza everyday seemed like a low cost option. I got fat.
               | I've spent the last 5 year undoing all that damage.
        
           | cleancoder0 wrote:
           | Who ever told anyone to drink soybean oil?
           | 
           | On the other hand, I consume massive amounts of flaxseed oil
           | (insane amounts of omega3), olive oil, sunflower seed oil
           | every single day. I have no issues with weight, no heart or
           | blood vessel issues, blockages.
           | 
           | Ingredient isolation studies of foods are a complete
           | disservice to scientific method.
           | 
           | Any particular food can be part of a healthy diet and
           | lifestyle, absolutely any.
           | 
           | People today are sedentary, just look at natives living in
           | wilderness across the world. They gorge on honey,
           | occasionally eat meat and have insanely strong skeletons and
           | muscles. Look at others that eat only meat, milk and blood,
           | have massive amounts of atherosclerotic plaque, but given
           | their lifestyle in the wilderness, their blood vessels expand
           | and are insanely flexible, only a few unlucky ones die of
           | heart attack very young.
           | 
           | The RDA for Calcium in Western world is so high due to
           | sedentary lifestyle not promoting usage of calcium by the
           | body. There are healthy populations, consuming half the
           | amount and have even less bone fractures.
        
         | loudtieblahblah wrote:
         | this is the 2nd time in a week I've seen Fire In A Bottle
         | linked on HN.
         | 
         | It's good to see it. This guy is so ahead of the curve.
        
           | zaphar wrote:
           | Anecdotally when someone is believed to be "Ahead of the
           | curve" in nutrition science they are more likelty to be shown
           | to have shot entirely off the road in a few years.
        
         | zhte415 wrote:
         | The article specifically mentions, following that cited part,
         | on Linoleic acid:
         | 
         | > the research team has not yet isolated which chemicals in the
         | oil are responsible for the changes they found in the
         | hypothalamus. But they have ruled out two candidates. It is not
         | linoleic acid, since the modified oil also produced genetic
         | disruptions; nor is it stigmasterol, a cholesterol-like
         | chemical found naturally in soybean oil.
        
           | simonsarris wrote:
           | But the team DID note that "the SO + CO diet caused more
           | weight gain over the 16-week study than the other HFD" (As
           | opposed to the modified soybean diet). This is a quote from
           | the paper, not the article.
           | 
           | According to the paper the Linoleic acid composition of the
           | oils in question are:                   soybean:     %52.90
           | modified SO:  %7.42  (aka plenish)         coconut:
           | %0.06
           | 
           | So while some of the genetic expressions may exist in both,
           | both have LA, and the higher LA = higher obesity according to
           | the paper authors (they did not give a graphic for the
           | obesity differences, unfortunately)
        
           | forgetfulness wrote:
           | It explains why they chose coconut oil for the comparison, it
           | has one of the least amounts of linoleic acid in its
           | composition in any fat.
           | 
           | Ironically, lineseed oil is also low in linoleic acid.
           | 
           | https://www.news-medical.net/health/Oils-Rich-in-Linoleic-
           | Ac...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | We are also feeding those beans to cows, pigs, and I think
         | chickens? People have been complaining about lineolic acid
         | rising in these meats too.
         | 
         | In a way I think this gives some ammo to the vegetarian
         | philosophy, but I'd like to know the lineolic acid content of
         | tofu, since bean curd is not exactly equivalent to whole beans.
        
         | rgrieselhuber wrote:
         | Yup. One of the best books on this topic of toxic oils is Deep
         | Nutrition:
         | 
         | https://www.amazon.com/Deep-Nutrition-Your-Genes-Traditional...
        
         | Salgat wrote:
         | To note, even eggs and lard have large amounts of Linoleic
         | acid, and I'm pretty sure lard and eggs have existed in the
         | human diet for as long as chickens and pigs as livestock have
         | existed.
        
           | mpalczewski wrote:
           | I somewhat agree that the fear of linloeic acid doesn't
           | always match facts. I do tend to avoid seed oils as they are
           | relatively new and their health effects are rather suspect.
           | 
           | However, in this case, the eggs and lard that existed in the
           | human diet for a long time, are not the same. The chickens
           | and pigs are eating a different diet and this does effect the
           | composition of the fatty acids present in the flesh/eggs.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >I do tend to avoid seed oils as they are relatively new
             | 
             | compared to what? various foods contain oil (eg. peanuts,
             | cashews, soybeans, sunflower seeds). Are they different, or
             | "suspect" as well?
        
               | nomel wrote:
               | All of these are extremely seasonal, and relatively rare,
               | in terms of total caloric intake in an archaic diet.
        
           | loudtieblahblah wrote:
           | the rates of linoleic acid in eggs, large, chicken, beef,
           | pork have all changed drastically in the last 100 years
           | because what we feed the animals has changed drastically.
           | 
           | a grass fed cow has a lower omega6 profile than one in a
           | factory farm.
           | 
           | farmers have gotten tricky with it, raising "grass fed cows"
           | but then for a couple months before slaughter, fattening them
           | up with industry "feed". So now when you're at the store you
           | have to find not only "grass fed" but "grass finished" beef.
           | 
           | Chickens that are allowed to eat at will (chickens eat a
           | really wide range of shit, not just "feed" that's mostly corn
           | - they eat grass, bugs, they'll even eat rodents if they can
           | catch one). Chickens in farms usually don't eat like that. If
           | your eggs say "organic", they're certainly not eating like
           | that.
           | 
           | There's absolutely no way to get low PUFA pork these days. At
           | all. Fire in the Bottle blog has partnered with a farm that's
           | raising low PUFA pigs and you can have $100 of pork shipped
           | to you, but that's the only place i'm aware of it.
           | 
           | But yeah, the fat profile of our animals havve radically
           | changed. Because of what we feed them. And then we eat them
           | and the problems goes on up the food chain.
           | 
           | I'm not a vegetarian and i'm not a globalist and there
           | becomes a point where there's a lot of politics in what you
           | eat. I'm not into diets to be kind to animals or even because
           | of the environment. If healthy food hurt the environment, i'm
           | eating healthy food. Ya know?
           | 
           | But at this juncture - you're better off being low meat (wild
           | caught, mercury tested, salmon 1-2x a week, some skinless
           | chicken, grassfed beef 1x a month or something), and eating a
           | mostly vegetarian diet, roughly 1-2 meals a day, lots and
           | lots and lots of veggies. It's simply too hard to account for
           | all the garbage done to meat, from a health perspective.
        
             | jlcoff wrote:
        
             | collegeburner wrote:
             | Suggestions on how I can get enough complete protein in
             | such a diet? I am open to reducing meat for health if this
             | is a factor but eat about 150 grams complete protein every
             | day and this is hard to replace from vegetarian. The few
             | vegetarian dishes I see with significant protein are often
             | not nearly as good as yogurt, meat, eggs or just stuff with
             | whey protein in it. I can't see much with comparable
             | protein to calorie to chicken breast, spirulina is
             | comparable but is disgusting taste and not complete.
             | 
             | There is also that it is hard to eat 3000-3500 calories
             | every day of clean food in a bulk with animal products,
             | removing those will probably make it even harder.
        
               | loudtieblahblah wrote:
               | There's 2 ways to look at protein.
               | 
               | There's a life-span way and a health-span way. Do you
               | want to live longer? or do you want to feel and
               | potentially look better? When it comes to protein, these
               | two things seem to be at odds with one another.
               | 
               | High protein is correlated with shorter lifespans.
               | 
               | - https://www.nih.gov/news-events/nih-research-
               | matters/protein... - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yC-
               | ej7HbPWg
               | 
               | You'll notice the first link shows higher lifespan when
               | protein intake is increased after a certain age (65).
               | it's assumed this is largely due to the number of deaths
               | from injuries (falls) and complications from injuries
               | that happen to the elderly and that muscle mass at this
               | stage is vital.
               | 
               | But protein tends to active mTor. You want that to not be
               | activated and you want IGF-1 to be low. These are
               | correlated with longer lifespan.
               | 
               | - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6611156/ -
               | https://www.nia.nih.gov/news/understanding-mtor-pathway-
               | and-... - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31316753/ -
               | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15501691/
               | 
               | And it looks like studies in humans and animal models
               | seem to reflect correlative data for "Blue Zone diets"
               | (more or less). ( https://www.bluezones.com/2020/07/blue-
               | zones-diet-food-secre... ). Most of the regions in the
               | Blue Zones are high in veggies, low in meat, often with a
               | bit of seafood, and virtually zero processed foods.
               | 
               | How you define a little meat really varies when going by
               | "blue zones". Some might say 4-6oz a day, some might say
               | 1-2x a week. The low amounts of meat and obtaining
               | incomplete proteins with more narrow amino acid profiles
               | is beneficial for health in the long term, largely due to
               | mTor activation being avoided or reduced. The body
               | evolved (it seems) to an extent, to struggle for certain
               | nutrients (but that doesn't mean do without them
               | entirely, but just periods of not having everything at
               | once, constantly). This seems very apparent with studies
               | into proteins. When it comes to other vitamins and
               | minerals (electrolytes, vitamins, etc..) we seems to need
               | those fairly constantly/consistently.
               | 
               | the ultimate way to not activate mTor or stimulate IGF-1,
               | is to fast. Either do time-restricted eating where you
               | eat in a 4-8 hour window every day, or periodically do
               | multiple day fasts..
               | 
               | The timing of your eating, IMHO, is more important than
               | how much meat or veggies you consume. If you ate one meal
               | a day and had meat at that meal, even in large amounts,
               | it'd be more benefitial than say... eating 3 meals a day
               | and being fully vegan or vegetarian. How often you're
               | eating seems to have a more negative effect on lifespan
               | than, to some extent, what you're eating.
               | 
               | I don't avoid meat. I rely on greek yogurt, eggs 1-2x a
               | week, 4-5oz of meat (mostly fish, low-fat chicken breasts
               | without skin, and beef 1x a week), a variety of nuts (i
               | prefer macademia nuts b/c they're low in omega6, low in
               | oxylates and high in monosaturated fats, most other nuts
               | are high in Omega6s and/or oxylates).
               | 
               | I probably eat at a midway point between what i should do
               | for health and lifespan.
               | 
               | If you're more concerned with health span than lifespan
               | then you really want to get about 1G of protein per KG in
               | body weight.
               | 
               | If you're more concerned about lifespan, 0.5G per KG of
               | body weight is more where you want to be.
               | 
               | If you went full carnivore, you'd probably feel
               | absolutely amazing. Eating a lot of meat spurs on
               | testosterone, increases fertility and reproductive
               | capability, and all sorts of great stuff, but the trade
               | off seems to be for lifespan.
               | 
               | You'll notice body builders often don't make it to 100
               | years old. But look at the Mediterranean, look at japan -
               | fairly thin, active people - often with
               | religious/community connections, who are eating mostly
               | veggies, a little meat, and some seafood once in a while,
               | they're the ones passing the 100 year mark more often.
               | 
               | Doing stuff like fasting, or eating a, lets call it a
               | plant-based diet as opposed to vegetarian, (or both),
               | doesn't feel so great. You can't perform at the gym like
               | you usually would, for example.
               | 
               | The body is best, from a lifespan perspective and to a
               | certain extent, a healthspan perspective, when it's
               | exposed to hormetic stressors. These are little stressors
               | that improve the over-all functioning of your body.
               | Exercise is one. Sauna use is another. Cold exposure
               | (showers, ice baths) is another.
               | 
               | But fasting is too, spurring on autophagy (which is the
               | strongest anti-cancer process we have, internally) and
               | all other great processes like the down regulation of
               | IGF-1.
               | 
               | The body not quite having all the protein it needs, ALL
               | THE TIME, is a beneficial stressor that works to increase
               | lifespan as well. As far as I've read anyways.
               | 
               | Eating many vegetables are also hormetic stressors.
               | Various phytonutrients are built by plants as reactions
               | to when they are stressed, these phytonutrients produced
               | under those conditions are some of the best substances we
               | can eat. Like sulphorafane (from broccoli, broccoli
               | sprouts, kale, cabbage, brussel sprouts, etc.)
               | 
               | - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zz4YVJ4aRfg -
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-PNGxNzogOY
               | 
               | IMHO - i'd keep on with (grass fed/finished where
               | applicable) meat, yogurt, nuts, a little whey from time
               | to time, 4-5oz of meat a day, (free range or omega3+)
               | eggs every once in a while. But at 40 years old and
               | experiencing some health problems stemming from a mix of
               | a lifetime of bad habits (drinking, smoking, sodas, fast
               | food) and a bit of anxiety that clobbered me in
               | adulthood.. i lean more towards longevity these days that
               | i do in making sure i can lift at the gym and maximizing
               | my athletic performance.
               | 
               | i don't care about what i look like anymore. I don't care
               | about satisfying my ego at the gym anymore either. I just
               | want to be happy and live to see my grandkids be born and
               | maybe go through some pivotal things in elementary school
               | before kicking the bucket.
               | 
               | I eat 2 meals a day 5 days a week
               | 
               | i fast 2-3 days a month, at the beginning of the month.
               | 
               | I eat "normally" for social purposes on the weekends.
               | 
               | I don't calorie count. I've found that based on WHAT i'm
               | eating, calories don't matter much. I did Keto for 6
               | months and even eating tons of meat and hitting 3kcals a
               | day, i was still losing weight when my carbs were under
               | 20g a day.
               | 
               | But now I probably don't hit 2k cal a day and sometimes
               | my weight fluctuates up 1-3 pounds or back down, here and
               | there. And i exercise 5-6 days a week.
               | 
               | i know i ramble (ADHD) but i used to pack on 3k a day or
               | more, and drink protein shakes and hit the gym and make
               | sure i was getting lots of protein.
               | 
               | I've long abandoned that mentality. I stopped listening
               | to fitness people and started listening to doctors and
               | scientists.
        
               | chihuahua wrote:
               | I'm a little confused, you write "vegetarian" but did you
               | mean "vegan"?
               | 
               | "The few vegetarian dishes ... are often not nearly as
               | good as yogurt, meat, eggs, or [...] whey protein"
               | 
               | Yogurt, eggs and whey protein are vegetarian (but not
               | vegan). Vegetarian is extremely easy (I eat 95%
               | vegetarian because it's cheaper and easier), vegan is
               | very difficult and requires significant sacrifices.
               | 
               | Or maybe I misunderstood your sentence in some way.
               | 
               | I don't mean to be pedantic, but it seems to me that the
               | discussion is going to be difficult if vegan and
               | vegetarian are getting mixed up.
        
             | hinkley wrote:
             | 'Grass fed' has a remarkable amount of wiggle room in it
             | from a marketing and Truth in Advertising standpoint.
             | 
             | And there's also 'grass finished' which does the reverse
             | process of grain first and grass at the end to boost the
             | carotene a little and change the texture of the fat a bit
             | (grain fed 'looks better' to shoppers which is part of how
             | that changeover happened so fast)
        
         | crowbahr wrote:
         | From the study:
         | 
         | > One additional note on this study -- the research team has
         | not yet isolated which chemicals in the oil are responsible for
         | the changes they found in the hypothalamus. But they have ruled
         | out two candidates. It is not linoleic acid, since the modified
         | oil also produced genetic disruptions; nor is it stigmasterol,
         | a cholesterol-like chemical found naturally in soybean oil.
         | 
         | 1. We're not mammals that experience torpor. That doesn't even
         | remotely apply to us.
         | 
         | 2. The study explicitly states this isn't lineolic acid.
         | 
         | 3. The site you linked is a snake oils salesman who has a
         | vested interest in you buying their products and living the
         | lifestyle they espouse.
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | > 1. We're not mammals that experience torpor. That doesn't
           | even remotely apply to us.
           | 
           | We do not experience torpor _naturally_. That does not
           | exclude that you can blast a human body with the right amount
           | of hormones or substances that act like ones and artificially
           | induce torpor in humans. NASA has been researching ways to do
           | that for years now [1], given that even a small amount of
           | saved resources per human on a months-long space trip saves a
           | _lot_ of resources in total, not to mention the potential of
           | a reduced metabolic rate also protecting the traveling humans
           | from cosmic radiation-induced damage.
           | 
           | As for "how to induce torpor", well, we don't even know what
           | exactly causes it in animals. We are just guessing - and we
           | are at the same time also noticing that wide swaths of the
           | population show up with a _lot_ of health issues that used to
           | be either rare or mostly spread on older people. Auto-immune
           | diseases (allergies, diabetes, neurodermitis), precocious
           | puberty, cancers of all kinds, obesity in young people,
           | circulatory issues, Alzheimer 's and other neuro-degenerative
           | diseases, just to point out the most obvious and most-
           | researched. And since there are only three major things that
           | changed over the last hundred years from the previous default
           | - our food, the introduction of heavy industry, plastics and
           | pollution, and our way of living under modern capitalism
           | (your ordinary medieval farmer did _not_ work 40 hour weeks
           | for the entire year for his whole life) - it is not
           | surprising that correlations appear there. The key thing is
           | to find out if the correlation also has a corresponding
           | causation!
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.nasa.gov/content/torpor-inducing-transfer-
           | habita...
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | >> We're not mammals that experience torpor. That doesn't
           | even remotely apply to us.
           | 
           | Your first sentence is obviously true. Your second one is
           | probably false, since the total removal of that seems
           | unlikely compared to evolution simply disabling it. I have no
           | evidence that part of it remains, nor do I see any evidence
           | of total removal.
        
             | bduerst wrote:
             | If there are effects of linolenic acid on mammalian torpor,
             | then the second sentence is still true.
             | 
             | Life science is based on observational evidence, and since
             | humans are some mammals who have never been observed to
             | undergo torpor, effects observed inducing mammalian torpor
             | do not apply to humans. They're not making a positive
             | evolutionary statement about human torpor never existing,
             | just that any observed effects from linolenic acid on
             | mammalian torpor do not apply to humans the way the other
             | person was implying it does.
        
           | pigeonhole123 wrote:
           | 1. We have common genes going back to mammals who did
           | experience torpor. 2. A study doesn't "own" their data and
           | have exclusive right to interpret this data 3. Someone
           | selling something that they think is beneficial to their
           | customer, does not mean it is not beneficial. I would say
           | most people who sell things honestly think their customers
           | will benefit from their product.
        
             | crowbahr wrote:
             | > We have common genes going back to mammals who did
             | experience torpor.
             | 
             | We also have genes that are related to cows, have you tried
             | subsisting on grass?
             | 
             | Your argument is farcical and entirely based on the
             | preaching of a snake oil salesman, in a comments section
             | based on a torpid male mouse study that specifically
             | refutes the argument you're making.
        
               | rvense wrote:
               | Um, don't we have something like 30% of our DNA in common
               | with actual grass, nevermind grass eaters?
        
               | liveoneggs wrote:
               | my grandpa weren't no fescue!
        
               | captainredbeard wrote:
               | He was alfalfa
        
             | clevergadget wrote:
             | tell me you've never worked in sales without telling me
             | you've never worked in sales
        
               | jazzyjackson wrote:
               | leave this meme on twitter, please
        
               | pigeonhole123 wrote:
               | Can we apply this argument to everything that's for sale?
               | Seed oils are for sale too...
        
               | thfuran wrote:
               | Yes, you absolutely should look to sources other than
               | walnut oil salesmen for information regarding the
               | benefits and drawbacks of walnut oil.
        
           | frankus wrote:
           | There are some interesting coincidences that make me think
           | that the torpor hypothesis might be worth exploring:
           | 
           | - Basal metabolic rates in present-day Americans are
           | substantially lower than they were in the past (http://webcac
           | he.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:nqBxKGn... -- Yes,
           | the link is from the aforementioned blog, but you can check
           | the citations).
           | 
           | - Mean body temperatures today are lower than in the past
           | (https://www.vox.com/science-and-
           | health/2020/1/22/21075218/no...).
           | 
           | - 13.2% of Americans have taken an SSRI in the past 30 days
           | (https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/products/databriefs/db377.htm). To
           | be clear, depression and torpor are different conditions, but
           | it seems reasonable that a torpid-like state might include
           | depression-like symptoms, and that those might be treatable
           | with SSRIs.
           | 
           | - Obesity has absolutely exploded in the past 40 years, and
           | none of the prevailing hypotheses have much explanatory power
           | (https://slimemoldtimemold.com/2021/07/07/a-chemical-
           | hunger-p...).
        
             | rednerrus wrote:
             | The amount of SAD probably would be worth exploring was
             | well. That's some hibernation mimicking behavior.
        
             | daed wrote:
             | Can't all these things also be explained by our
             | increasingly sedentary lifestyle?
        
               | rsync wrote:
               | Almost certainly.
               | 
               | Modern "western" people spend a tremendous amount of time
               | sitting - either in an office or a car - and are almost
               | totally sedentary.
               | 
               | In fact, so sedentary that the mere act of walking is
               | considered "exercise".
               | 
               | Frankly, I'm surprised the mental and physical outcomes
               | aren't _even worse_.
        
               | Sharlin wrote:
               | They will be in the coming decades as the population
               | ages. The direct and indirect effects of sitting all day
               | long are going to be _incredibly_ costly to the society,
               | and the only reasonable policy would be to combat our car
               | addiction by any means necessary - and this is even
               | distegarding all the _other_ disastrous externalities of
               | widespread personal car use!
        
               | frankus wrote:
               | I see three problems with that explanation.
               | 
               | First, I'm not sure there's a strong case that our
               | lifestyles today are any more sedentary than in, say, the
               | 1970s (when obesity rates were around 12% rather than
               | 30%). We had cars, transit, elevators, escalators, school
               | buses, television, keyboards, etc. in the 1970s, while at
               | the same time "going to the gym" was just not something
               | that average people did on a regular basis. Even going
               | jogging was mildly eccentric.
               | 
               | Second, this is looking at resting metabolic rates, not
               | overall calorie expenditure, although there is probably
               | some association between RMR and physical activity.
               | 
               | Which brings me to the third point, which is that you're
               | just shifting the burden of answering question of "why
               | are we fat?" to "why are we sedentary?". If we are in
               | fact increasingly sedentary, it could be that an outside
               | factor is causing both low RMR and sedentary behavior.
               | Anecdotally, I (as a comparatively skinny person) have a
               | lot harder time sitting still than some of my friends and
               | acquaintances that struggle with their weight. They might
               | consider spending a day in bed as a great way to
               | recharge, whereas it is something I would only do if I
               | were pretty miserably ill.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | Earw0rm wrote:
               | I kind of wonder how much of a role climate control has
               | to play as well. Surely must have a role alongside
               | straightforward inactivity.. until pretty recently,
               | people would burn a lot of calories just regulating body
               | temperature indoors. People with outdoor jobs/lifestyles
               | obviously still do.
        
             | pygy_ wrote:
             | Obesity is the consequence of growth seeking in the food
             | production and distribution industry.
             | 
             | Market pressures ended up selecting a diet made of
             | poisonous food that lies to your tastebuds and satiety
             | center.
        
           | simonsarris wrote:
           | For obesity, 2 is wrong, and the study does explicitly
           | mention "the SO + CO diet caused more weight gain over the
           | 16-week study than the other HFD"
           | 
           | Plenish just has less LA, not zero, and they were trying to
           | rule it out from a few genetic expressions they were looking
           | at, not obesity.
        
           | netmonk wrote:
           | For 1 i would suggest the read of this wonderfull blog
           | https://fireinabottle.net/ https://twitter.com/fire_bottle
        
             | ch4s3 wrote:
             | While he has a science background, he's definitely selling
             | something. Drawing a straight line for evolutionary
             | ancestors with a gene to modern humans and not showing that
             | we have the same gene is a non-starter. Even if we have it,
             | it could have changed in expression and function such that
             | we are not capable of torpor.
             | 
             | We know from animal research that torpor/hibernation in
             | non-human mammals creates a sleep deprived state. We know
             | that there is no evidence of humans being able to enter a
             | state of torpor. We know that humans have high sleep
             | requirements for our brain function. It stands to reason
             | that humans distant ancestors lost the ability to hibernate
             | at some point and that it wouldn't work with our
             | physiology.
        
           | danlugo92 wrote:
           | Go try and eat only coconut oil for say, 2 weeks, you'll feel
           | the difference.
        
             | bongoman37 wrote:
        
             | meowkit wrote:
             | I'm on your "side" here, but this is a bad take.
             | 
             | Coconut oil is mainly comprised of saturated fatty acids.
             | Its closer to butter, not the refined PUFA oils.
             | 
             | Consuming anything to excess is gonna mess up your system,
             | water included.
        
             | retrac wrote:
             | The heck is this? Eat a pound of coconut butter a day?
             | 
             | Eat more than a few tablespoons of _any_ edible oil in one
             | sitting and you 'll definitely feel a difference.
             | 
             | Edit: using only added coconut oil in cooking is, upon
             | reflection, a more probable interpretation. Sorry.
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | I think the most charitable reading of their comment
               | would be something like "replace other fats you use
               | (butter, olive oil, etc) with coconut oil for two weeks".
               | 
               | Edit: you added your edit while I was writing my comment
               | :)
        
               | EMM_386 wrote:
               | MCT oil made from coconuts.
               | 
               | You can mix it in with things like coffee and shakes,
               | easy way to get it.
        
               | hourislate wrote:
               | >Coconut oil is the least fattening of all the oils. Pig
               | farmers tried to use it to fatten their animals, but when
               | it was added to the animal feed, coconut oil made the
               | pigs lean [See Encycl. Brit. Book of the Year, 1946].
               | 
               | https://raypeat.com/articles/articles/unsaturated-
               | oils.shtml
        
               | Smoosh wrote:
               | I would hope that there would be a better source than a
               | 75 year old "summary of news book". If this is true there
               | would surely be more recent and thorough scientific
               | studies.
        
               | bduerst wrote:
               | IIRC, that was more from the fact that coconut oil has
               | zero linolenic acid, which is an essential metabolite.
               | Coconut oil is still a huge calorie source for livestock,
               | just that it's also mixed with soybean oil.
               | 
               | Basically, any combination of coconut oil in your diet
               | that isn't 100% coconut oil will lead to calorie gain.
        
             | klyrs wrote:
             | https://www.news-medical.net/health/Oils-Rich-in-Linoleic-
             | Ac...
             | 
             | Look, if we're going to make major life changes on the
             | basis of this one study, you've missed the opportunity for
             | an all-chocolate diet.
        
               | chihuahua wrote:
               | When you've tried the all-meat diet and didn't like it,
               | the all-chocolate diet seems like the logical next step.
        
               | bduerst wrote:
               | *Cacao _butter_ diet. Not the delightful as the candy
               | bars but still just as possible.
        
               | Smoosh wrote:
               | I'm not going to criticize your all-chocolate diet, but
               | its always sensible to take supplements in the form of
               | embedded nuts, nougat, praline and perhaps fruit and mint
               | flavoured confections.
        
               | pempem wrote:
               | ^ best post of the thread!
        
             | gcheong wrote:
             | "You'll feel the difference."
             | 
             | What difference will I feel that couldn't be explained
             | simply by my expectation that I would feel different?
        
               | malfist wrote:
               | You'll feel a difference because coconut has a high
               | amount of MCT (medium chain triglycerides). MCT is often
               | touted as a weightloss tool, I've seen plenty of posts
               | talking about pigs not getting fat on MCT, or how it
               | takes more calories to break it apart (which is bullshit)
               | or it some how raises your body temp/metabolism.
               | 
               | The truth is that our stomach has a hard time digesting a
               | sudden influx of MCT. Adding a large amount of MCT to a
               | diet previously free of MCT will cause nausea. And that
               | short term nausea is largely the cause of any
               | "weightloss" seen by MCT. The studies that study MCT and
               | show weightloss are all short term studies, and not the
               | 6-12 month study you really need for weightloss.
               | 
               | In short, you'll feel a difference because coconut oil
               | upsets your stomach. Not because it's a non-animal fat.
               | Hell, we use sesame, peanut, canola, and olive oils all
               | the time. Replace all your dietary fat with canola oil or
               | olive oil and you'll not notice. Will probably have
               | health benefits because of the reduction in saturated
               | fats.
        
         | Pxtl wrote:
         | Fixating on lineolic acid is kind of hard when basically _all_
         | high-heat vegetable oils contain a lot of it. If lineolic acid
         | is the problem then basically every unsaturated cooking oil
         | other than olive oil is now unusable. _Maybe_ canola, depending
         | on how much lineolic acid is safe.
        
           | burke wrote:
           | Avocado sits somewhere between olive and canola in terms of
           | linoleic acid content (one reference said 13%; another said
           | 7-20%), and has one of the highest smoke points of all
           | cooking oils at 271degC. It's also pretty flavour neutral.
           | It's a fantastic choice for high-heat cooking.
        
             | Pxtl wrote:
             | Yeah, I tend to use avocado oil when it's available or
             | refined high-heat olive oil when it's not. The heavy
             | processing of high heat olive oil is concerning but it does
             | mean low linoleic acid.
        
           | nomel wrote:
           | > Fixating on lineolic acid is kind of hard
           | 
           | There have been many instances, throughout history, where
           | something that had massive adoption by our society has turned
           | out to be bad. Lead being a relatively recent example. All
           | the plastics (BPA, BPA free "safe" plastics, phthalates, etc)
           | probably being the current/next.
        
           | loudtieblahblah wrote:
           | canola is probably the best out of the bunch but it's still
           | too high in omega6s.
           | 
           | PUFAs - as cooking oils - should be totally and utterly
           | avoided. People should be using butter, ghee, beef tallow,
           | coconut oil, avocado oil (which is a little higher in omega6s
           | that i'd like but it's mostly a monosaturated fat), duck fat,
           | emu oil.
           | 
           | Macademia nut oil is higher in monosaturated fats than olive
           | oil and has a higher smoke point, but it's expensive. Tallow,
           | butter and coconut is where it's at for high heat cookiing.
           | 
           | Most seed, nut, corn, and vegetable oils are trash.
           | Cottonseed, soybean, corn, canola, grapeseed, peanut, etc..
        
       | jelliclesfarm wrote:
       | The three oils/fat I have been taught to use in my Indian kitchen
       | are: sesame seed oil, ghee and coconut oil. Sesame seed oil
       | because it has a high smoke point. Ditto with ghee.
       | 
       | The choice of oils always has to do with smoke point and hence
       | what we use it for in the kitchen.
       | 
       | [..] Sesame oil is full of antioxidants. Along with vitamin E and
       | phytosterols, it contains lignans, sesamol, and sesaminol. These
       | compounds help fight free radicals in your body, which may reduce
       | your risk of developing chronic diseases. Sesame oil has a
       | balanced ratio of omega-3, omega-6, and omega-9 fatty acids.[..]
       | 
       | And I am from the south of india which is very hot. In the
       | northern climes where it gets colder, sesame seed oil is
       | substituted with mustard seed oil.
       | 
       | I don't use olive oil for anything that requires heat. Mostly for
       | salad dressings or drizzling etc. good olive oil..esp unrefined
       | olive oil has very low smoke point. It's actually harmful to use
       | it for frying etc.
       | 
       | Regionally where olive oil is more abundant, grape seed oil is
       | used for high smoke point cooking. I am also fond of avacado oil
       | these day. I still stick to the trinity of
       | coconut/sesame/ghee...but I also need to test other oils for diff
       | gigs.
        
         | donatj wrote:
         | The olive oil bit is a myth - see:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l_aFHrzSBrM
         | 
         | Olive oil is actually one of the chemically safest oils to
         | heat.
        
         | pilingual wrote:
         | "Sesame oil has a balanced ratio of omega-3, omega-6"
         | 
         | This is not true.
        
         | jelliclesfarm wrote:
         | Wow. Read one article from the web and everything else is 'BS'.
         | 
         | I mentioned that this is for an Indian kitchen. Specifically.
         | Our cooking involves tadka(tempering) and sauteing..we use more
         | pulses/lentils and one pot vegetable preparations than
         | meat..meat requires high heat for Maillard reactions.
         | 
         | High smoke point is not to just guide for deep frying in Indian
         | kitchens. We don't use oil just for deep frying. Everything I
         | learnt is by sound rather than sight with high heat. With the
         | spices we use, aroma and flavour is an integral part of the
         | cuisine. When we temper mustard seeds, we have to 'listen' to
         | the sputtering. With ghee, we have to 'listen' to the sound of
         | milk solids caramelising. Higher heat will destroy the food.
         | 
         | Good quality olive oil at any heating point is wasted. Refined
         | olive oil at high smoking point is more trouble than food.
         | Considering I have an actual degree in cooking..of
         | international standard for many kinds of cuisines .....plus
         | multi generational/multi regional Indian cuisine by experience,
         | I think that I can safely ignore any calls for BS about my food
         | and cooking on Hacker News. Stick to your lane.
        
           | krrrh wrote:
           | To back up and... refine... your point. EVOO does contain
           | non-oil elements that will burn when heated and that's
           | obviously not something anyone wants. However, pure olive oil
           | (the yellow stuff) has a higher smoke point and is suitable
           | for frying. In Germany they actually sell refined olive oil
           | specified as Bratolivenol, "literally frying olive oil", and
           | it will state on the label that it is safe to heat up to 210
           | C.
        
             | jelliclesfarm wrote:
             | The best olive oil is cold pressed which most people have
             | probably never tasted..anyone who has tasted a fresh ripe
             | olive will spit it out..it's literally inedible.
             | 
             | Olive oil at its best is bitter and sharp and super
             | astringent. That no one would ever recognize even in its
             | most commonly used form..emulsions like mayo. It's is a
             | viscous opaque yellow liquid gold. Altho there are also
             | varieties that can be green gold at first pressing.
             | 
             | I contracted via my farm to harvest olives from old city
             | trees that were planted by some heiress and they were
             | ancient no name varieties which had a more yellow gold
             | tinge. Lovely bitterness at first pressing. Most olive oils
             | we can buy is refined and processed and blended. When
             | blended with grapeseed oil, they have longer shelf life and
             | doesn't become rancid as fast.
             | 
             | More recently there has been efforts to mechanize and
             | automate olive harvests but it has resulted in entire olive
             | groves being razed so new dwarf varieties and cultivars
             | suitable for automated harvest are being planted in Europe
             | and Morocco..with table olives from canopied trees being
             | planted in Tunisia and other places where labor is cheaper.
        
         | 2Gkashmiri wrote:
         | we have decided to go with having mustard seeds pressed for oil
         | while being physically present for the process. the result is a
         | much much better oil than the one that comes packaged. they say
         | its "plain unprocessed oil" but there is a significant
         | difference between what we get in our press and what comes in a
         | bottle.
        
         | cityofdelusion wrote:
         | Olive oil is not harmful when heated! Please link to scientific
         | research showing this.
         | 
         | Here is one of many studies showing the opposite:
         | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S02786...
        
         | znpy wrote:
         | > It's actually harmful to use it for frying etc.
         | 
         | Claims like this are BS.
         | 
         | South italian here. People from south italy have traditionally
         | produced and used olive oil pretty much exclusively and for
         | pretty much everything. Frying stuff is a huge part of the
         | tradition. No relevant problem ever found regarding that. On
         | the contrary: the mediterranean diet is a well known healthy
         | diet.
        
       | chakintosh wrote:
       | Recommended reading: The Hacking of the American Mind by Prof.
       | Robert Lustig https://www.amazon.com/Hacking-American-Mind-
       | Corporate-Takeo...
        
       | champagnois wrote:
       | I remember writing soy is basically poison and definitely not a
       | health food here on HN not long ago. People would be smart to
       | wise up to this sooner rather than later. It is still an
       | extremely unpopular stance because many are lead to believe that
       | this dirt cheap source of protein is "okay".
        
       | sinuhe69 wrote:
       | Because the 3 most consumed oils are soybean, corn and canola
       | oils, I wonder why didn't they study the 3 oils at once. The
       | effects, if any will be easily visible through differences.
        
       | marricks wrote:
       | I used to be so pro-science, but the more you follow it the more
       | you see the stumbles (Folic acid causes cancer, but doesn't stop
       | it) and just how much studies are funded by big corporations and
       | can be easily killed if results start turning out unfavorably.
       | 
       | Older I get the more hippy-dippy I feel about food. We should
       | probably have simple food, vegetables and grains, as our main
       | staples. That's what people used to mostly eat and people that do
       | eat that are healthier.
       | 
       | The next big scare about this or that oil, or tofu (which is a
       | staple in many populations which are healthier than the US), come
       | and go. And if they ever get contradicted you won't ever hear it.
        
       | a_c wrote:
       | It all started with ancel keys'
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancel_Keys suggestion that
       | cholesterol and animal fat are bad to human.
       | 
       | Whole industry started because of this claim, plant based cooking
       | oil, margarine, trans fat. Each targeted in replacing one aspect
       | of animal oil. Each are later found to be (more) harmful than
       | animal fat.
       | 
       | I would recommend the book big fat surprise
       | https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/16130316-the-big-fat-sur...
       | if anyone is interested in learning how the oil industry evolved
        
       | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
       | I used to eat sardines every day trying to get the health
       | benefits of fatty fish. They were packed in soybean oil. I drank
       | the oil too. With time I began to have bizarre mental issues that
       | I finally tracked down to the sardines. Sardines packed in olive
       | oil don't cause this issue. That's my anecdata to share.
        
         | loopdoend wrote:
         | Best to buy ones packed in water. No idea as to the quality of
         | the oil used.
        
           | SnowProblem wrote:
           | Yep, you can always add oil yourself if you like the taste. I
           | also recommend buying the ones that have the skin and bones,
           | because there's a lot of nutrition there. The bones are
           | barely noticeable. This was the brand I went with:
           | https://www.amazon.com/Crown-Prince-Sardines-
           | Water-4-25-Ounc...
        
         | randomcatuser wrote:
         | Whoa, how did you track?
        
         | pengaru wrote:
         | The higher end canned fish are available cooked in their own
         | juices without any added water even [0].
         | 
         | As with anything quality varies substantially. I personally
         | stay away from any of the oil-packed fish. Wild caught sardines
         | in water with no additives can be found, even cheaply from the
         | Season kosher brand.
         | 
         | [0] https://davesalbacore.com/product/3-25oz-no-salt-king-
         | salmon...
        
         | Pxtl wrote:
         | Maybe that was oils in general? Eating too much cooking oil
         | makes me feel like absolute crap mentally, regardless of type.
         | 
         | Obviously the syndrome described in article is possible in your
         | case, but the article sounds like a chronic accumulated damage
         | thing, not an acute reaction just after eating.
        
           | SnowProblem wrote:
           | Recently I learned the Whole Foods Plant Based diet avoids
           | processed oils altogether, including olive and coconut. Not
           | sure I could go that far myself, but it's interesting to know
           | that people do it, and it's the one diet known to reverse
           | cardiac disease.
        
           | nomel wrote:
           | The sentence "Sardines packed in olive oil don't cause this
           | issue." suggests that it's not.
        
         | pacomerh wrote:
         | I think the problem starts with eating canned food here.
        
           | selfhoster11 wrote:
           | I happen to agree, partly. Canned food 24/7 isn't healthy
           | when other options are available, but that's why it shouldn't
           | be an exclusive ingredient of one's diet.
        
         | hashimotonomora wrote:
         | Care explaining what bizarre mental issues?
        
           | JohnJamesRambo wrote:
           | I guess it would best be described as enhancement of
           | repetitive, obsessive thoughts and just in general not
           | feeling good and even angry for the rest of the day after
           | eating them. It was a really weird time.
        
             | digitalsushi wrote:
             | I have the same thing. It took me ten years to rule things
             | out. Plain as day, if I have soy oil, I will go a little
             | wayward emotionally, mentally, and if I have enough, also
             | noticeable skin issues - canker sores, flaking skin, scalp
             | pimples, and random itchy patches I'll scratch to bleeding.
             | Oh, and if I have enough, in a short amount of time, I can
             | easily trigger a migraine. Sushi with soy oil, mayonnaise
             | (soybean oil), and fried foods are all drifting away from
             | me.
             | 
             | I'm not allergic to soy - I went to an allergy doctor and
             | did the little skin application test, and it's not a
             | histamine reaction. So the term is "sensitive" - I'm "soy
             | sensitive".
             | 
             | If I eat 'clean' for 14 to 21 days, I get a clarity that
             | compels me to continue avoiding it. I'm happy to connect
             | with anyone (profile) that wants to swap notes on this -
             | it's incredibly frustrating to figure out. Dealing with it,
             | not so much. Almost all aspects improve with its avoidance.
        
           | spacemanmatt wrote:
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | Soybean oil the most widely consumed? I would never have guessed.
       | Figured canola would be.
        
         | qiskit wrote:
         | I figured the cheapest oil ( vegetable, canola, etc ) would be
         | the most widely used cooking oil as well. I've never even heard
         | of soybean oil let alone know anyone who uses soybean oil.
        
           | jccooper wrote:
           | "Vegetable oil" is likely to be partially or mostly soy, as
           | it's the cheapest vegetable oil.
        
           | Broken_Hippo wrote:
           | In some places, generic "vegetable oil" is all or mostly
           | soybean oil, even some of the cheap brands. The midwest US
           | has _lots_ of corn and soybeans, and it is pretty natural
           | that soybean oil would be fairly common.
           | 
           | And honestly, a lot of oils seem obscure. I use grapeseed
           | oil, but hadn't heard of it 10 years ago. I don't know anyone
           | else that does either. They sell it in one of the grocery
           | store chains here, though, and I decided to try it. Something
           | similar must be the case for soybean oil: Some stores in
           | Norway sell a bottle labeled 'soybean oil', so someone must
           | be buying it.
        
         | dmoy wrote:
         | It's not even close. Soybean oil is like 4-5x the consumption
         | volume as canola.
         | 
         | Which makes sense if you've ever seen rural Midwest. So much
         | soybean, everywhere.
        
           | dmoy wrote:
           | for more context - soybean is used to stuff nitrogen back
           | into the soil, for the real cash crop (corn, etc).
           | 
           | So what you'll see is fields rotate between corn & soybean,
           | or corn, corn, & soybean.
           | 
           | The US produces about 4 billion bushels of both corn and
           | soybeans per year.
        
         | brimble wrote:
         | Looks like generic "vegetable oil" is soybean oil. That
         | explains it.
        
       | robwwilliams wrote:
       | Do not take this work seriously unless you are a male inbred
       | mouse of the C57BL/6N persuasion.
       | 
       | This is a classic N=1 study of one sex and one genome of mouse.
       | As such this work is of almost no know relevance to other strains
       | of mice, let alone to humanity.
       | 
       | If you want an example of how mice dietary studies should be done
       | then look to the National Institute on Aging and its
       | Interventions Testing Program. They use both sexes and mice that
       | are as genetically diverse as humanity.
       | 
       | N-of-1 studies should be deprecated by journals and by NIH.
       | Embrace diversity before making broad translational claims.
        
         | nomel wrote:
         | It's should be taken as a serious indication that further study
         | is needed.
        
         | asdff wrote:
         | We use model systems because they are often in fact
         | representative of the systems we are actually concerned about
         | but cannot reliably measure like we could in a lab environment
         | with an established model system. This does not mean the work
         | is meritless.
        
       | voldacar wrote:
       | It's nice to see the anti seed oil discourse ramping up lately,
       | but I'm sort of pessimistic about this. Like what is the endgame,
       | exactly?
       | 
       | Seed oils are in basically everything. Trying to avoid them is
       | like trying to avoid endocrine disruptors by not touching plastic
       | or eating anything that has touched plastic. It's sort of an
       | absurd thing to even attempt, it would drive you insane.
        
         | nebula8804 wrote:
         | >Trying to avoid them is like trying to avoid endocrine
         | disruptors by not touching plastic or eating anything that has
         | touched plastic.
         | 
         | Is there any evidence that something transfers to you if you do
         | touch it? This is the first I am hearing about something like
         | this. I thought plastic was essentially a solid.
         | 
         | I have been interested in converting much of my daily
         | interaction of plastic to other materials. Things like
         | converting my Zerowater water filter to a homemade ceramic
         | pot....but the water filter itself is plastic so whats the
         | point?
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | >Is there any evidence that something transfers to you if you
           | do touch it? This is the first I am haring about something
           | like this. I thought plastic was essentially a solid.
           | 
           | I recall a few years ago there were a few articles/studies
           | saying that that BPA were in thermal paper (ie. receipt
           | paper). I think the conclusion was that if you were picking
           | up a few receipts per day, the amount was negligible, but if
           | you worked in retail it might be a hazard.
        
             | pirate787 wrote:
             | Also if you crumple a receipt and don't wash your hands,
             | and touch food, its a hazard
        
           | istorical wrote:
           | Transfers to you? There are microparticles of plastic in
           | every liquid you drink, floating in the air, in the digestive
           | systems of practically every animal in the food chain.
           | 
           | When you wash a piece of polyester or microfiber in a washing
           | machine you are sending millions of little microscopic pieces
           | of plastic into the water supply.
           | 
           | Ever drink from a plastic water bottle that sat in a hot car
           | and it tastes really funny? Enjoy your plastic.
           | 
           | If you google "plastic in the air", "plastic in food",
           | "plastic in animals", "plastic in water", it's pretty much
           | impossible to not find evidence. It's incredibly depressing.
           | It's in the Mariana trench and on Everest.
        
             | nebula8804 wrote:
             | It seems like there are varying definitions of
             | microparticles. Are you referring to stuff that is still
             | slightly visible to the naked eye (if you squint),
             | something the requires a regular microscope or something
             | that needs an electron microscope. I'd like to think that
             | my zerowater filter which filters out enough such that a
             | TDS meter reads 0 would filter out microplastics but who
             | really knows. I don't inspect every cup of water I drink
             | with a microscope.
             | 
             | I always wondered why there hasn't been more of a push to
             | explore plastic pyrolysis technologies to help remove these
             | plastics from circulations. I see countless pictures of
             | discarded clothing, and other plastic based waste and I'm
             | thinking that there is some potential solution: break it
             | down back into its original oil based input.
        
         | dataangel wrote:
         | The end game is policy changes and regulation so they get
         | removed from the supply chain and it ultimately becomes
         | automatic for consumers to avoid them. You need studies
         | demonstrating the danger is real to convince legislators.
        
         | tuckerpo wrote:
         | It's actually not all that difficult to parse ingredients lists
         | while shopping. A good rule of thumb in American grocery stores
         | is to stick to the perimeter while shopping (produce, dairy,
         | meat) to avoid seed oils. :^)
        
         | trts wrote:
         | yes, they are difficult to cut out. Your options are everywhere
         | very much narrowed. But In 90% of cases I've been able to find
         | a satisfactory alternative.
         | 
         | It is interesting how two simple rules (no seed oil, no corn
         | syrup) almost entirely prevent you from putting terrible things
         | in your body. It also repeatedly enforces a more mindful
         | attitude towards diet.
         | 
         | I experimented with removing seed oils for the past six months
         | or so. Almost every year in the winter I get a lot of pain in
         | my joints and especially where previous injuries have occurred.
         | Halfway through this season I've had very little discomfort,
         | and it has been a bad winter where I am.
         | 
         | Recommend checking out this "How It's Made" segment on the
         | process of making this stuff comestible (it involves bleach,
         | very high temperatures and chemical refinement):
         | 
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Cfk2IXlZdbI
        
           | malloryerik wrote:
           | No corn syrup or seed oil sounds like a wise choice. What do
           | you do about eating at restaurants? Just avoid dishes that
           | are likely offenders? And soybeans themselves, as well as
           | unfermented tofu, is OK?
        
             | trts wrote:
             | Whole foods, steamed or grilled vegetables, legumes, butter
             | or olive oil, fish, eggs, or other protein that isn't
             | fried. Fewer ingredients are generally better. Ingredients
             | that have ingredients are worse.
        
         | scythe wrote:
         | >Like what is the endgame, exactly?
         | 
         | A clear understanding of _why_ these oils cause these problems
         | would be a good start, methinks.
        
         | waffle_maniac wrote:
         | Oils are not an essential nutrient. But many people claim to
         | have a cultural exemption from a decent diet nowadays.
        
           | scythe wrote:
           | http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Essential_fatty_acid
        
         | buckthundaz wrote:
         | If you cook your own food, it is easy to avoid. Simply don't
         | buy them. Use tallow, ghee, butter, coconut oilt.
         | 
         | Note that this simple method of making what you eat will
         | mitigate exposure to endocrine disrupting plastics too.
        
           | colechristensen wrote:
           | Coconut is a seed.
        
         | whalesalad wrote:
         | This is an avoidable problem though. We invented this by racing
         | to the bottom and assembling "food" with substitutes for real
         | nutrition. The goal is to educate humanity so that we can start
         | making more conscious decisions about what we eat and move away
         | from this.
        
           | voldacar wrote:
           | >The goal is to educate humanity so that we can start making
           | more conscious decisions
           | 
           | I don't think you can educate your way out of economies of
           | scale that make it cheap to feed people garbage. The only
           | real solution would be to declare PUFA as unfit for human
           | consumption but that won't happen obviously
           | 
           | Besides, many people really will just eat whatever crispy
           | oily sugary slop has the shiniest packaging. It is unpleasant
           | to believe this, but it's true. Think of how health conscious
           | or critically minded the average person is, and remember that
           | 50% of the population is below that average. A lot of people
           | really just go through life without making choices, just
           | consuming whatever is directly in front of them. This can be
           | hard to believe if (like most people on this site) you are
           | significantly smarter and richer than average, and spend your
           | time around others who are similarly smarter and richer than
           | average, but it really is true.
           | 
           | Like think of how more than 2/3 american adults are
           | overweight. Why? Because they literally can't stop picking up
           | food with their hands, putting it into their mouths, and
           | chewing and swallowing it. All you have to do to not be fat
           | is to instruct your fleshsuit to stop picking things up and
           | placing them in your mouth. Calories cannot legally enter
           | your body without your consent. And yet 2/3 adults are
           | overweight. So I don't think education will do anything here.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | jim-jim-jim wrote:
             | > _Like think of how more than 2 /3 american adults are
             | overweight. Why? Because they literally can't stop picking
             | up food with their hands, putting it into their mouths, and
             | chewing and swallowing it. All you have to do to not be fat
             | is to instruct your fleshsuit to stop picking things up and
             | placing them in your mouth. Calories cannot legally enter
             | your body without your consent. And yet 2/3 adults are
             | overweight. So I don't think education will do anything
             | here._
             | 
             | Do you think the average American's willpower has radically
             | plummeted since the 70s? And the rest of the developed
             | world nosedived with them? It's gotta be calories-
             | in/calories-out and discipline to a degree, but things have
             | shifted so rapidly and decisively that it's worth
             | entertaining environmental explanations.
             | 
             | Plus there's little harm in kicking this hypothesis around.
             | A fat person who is otherwise unmotivated by traditional
             | health advice might perk up once you appeal to his inner
             | conspiracy theorist and tell him he's being fed industrial
             | waste.
        
         | SpringDrive wrote:
         | As someone who's quite interested in the anti-seed oil
         | discourse/slowly forming movement, my endgame is simply having
         | more people aware of what's in their food. We've accepted
         | what's been handed to us for so long, without a significant
         | percentage of the population stopping to look at exactly what's
         | on the plate.
         | 
         | The more people that are stopping to read ingredients labels.
         | analyze their diet, and think critically about their
         | consumption, the better.
        
         | lazyjones wrote:
         | The endgame is to avoid them where possible in order to
         | minimize the risk. It's not absurd and very reasonable. People
         | stick to all kinds of obscure diets and most are not going
         | insane.
        
       | jacobmischka wrote:
       | What is soybean oil traditionally called in the US? I've never
       | actually seen "soybean oil" myself (though it surely exists). Is
       | this the same as "vegetable oil"?
        
         | darknavi wrote:
         | Perhaps "vegetable oil"?
        
         | admn2 wrote:
         | I was at Target in the sauce aisle and I couldn't believe how
         | literally every sauce I picked up had Soybean oil as the first
         | ingredient.
        
           | ska wrote:
           | What is surprising about that? They use what's cheapest.
        
             | admn2 wrote:
             | Yeah, more just surprised that Soybean specifically so
             | ubiquitous. Felt like last time I looked it was a range of
             | weird oil name (corn oil, sunflower oil, canola oil, etc.)
             | Just astonishing how the huge CPG conglomerates have
             | engineered such highly processed food all in the name of
             | price efficiency. I love brands like Primal Kitchen and how
             | many others like it gain popularity as they're one of the
             | few brands whose ingredients are just normal and easily
             | identifiable.
        
               | ska wrote:
               | US produces about 1/3 of worldwide soy, I think
               | production is only second to corn. So if nothing else,
               | it's available.
        
               | rileyphone wrote:
               | IIRC soybeans help add nitrogen back to the soil and are
               | highly subsidized.
        
               | michaelcampbell wrote:
               | According to https://www.ilsoyadvisor.com/on-
               | farm/ilsoyadvisor/nitrogen-s..., they "fix" nitrogen so
               | require less than other crops, but it's still a net
               | negative.
        
           | Mountain_Skies wrote:
           | Ran into that problem yesterday at the grocery store. I
           | wanted to buy horseradish sauce but every single product
           | offered had soybean oil as a primary ingredient, often the
           | first ingredient. Thankfully horseradish root can still be
           | obtained for making sauce at home.
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | I've been looking for years for beef jerky that is less than
           | 10% sugar. It doesn't appear to exist.
        
         | ethbr0 wrote:
         | If you check the ingredients list, it will list soybean oil. It
         | has to for soy allergies.
         | 
         | From looking at cooking oils yesterday, you'll see either a mix
         | (soy, canola, olive, etc) or a specific oil (canola) in the
         | ingredients list.
        
         | some_random wrote:
         | Yes vegetable oil is usually soybean in my experience, check
         | the ingredients.
        
           | unfocussed_mike wrote:
           | In the UK, something marked "vegetable oil" is basically
           | going to be rapeseed (canola), but sometimes sunflower seed
           | oil if it's come from Europe.
           | 
           | If it is marked "pure vegetable oil" it essentially always
           | 100% rapeseed.
           | 
           | Rapeseed grows very easily here, and we don't grow soybeans
           | -- they barely grow at all here.
           | 
           | Soya is a notifiable allergen in the UK -- it must be
           | labelled as such when it's in an unrefined form. And even if
           | it's refined, the law still says the origins of oils have to
           | be declared.
           | 
           | The combination of these two things (cost and allergens)
           | means that if an oil has soya on it, you'll know from the
           | front label. Indeed, if it's anything other than rapeseed
           | it'll probably be marketed that way.
        
         | zach_garwood wrote:
         | I believe you're right. Most (if not all) of the "vegetable
         | oil" I've encountered has been soy bean oil.
        
         | KerryJones wrote:
         | Vegetable oil varies per brand, but yes, largely Soy Bean oil.
         | 
         | 85% estimation: https://www.chowhound.com/food-news/53980/what-
         | vegetables-go...
         | 
         | 50% estimation: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=61QV7ua-kgk
        
         | steve_adams_86 wrote:
         | Usually. Vegetable oil almost always contains soy oil, but it
         | can be a medley of soy and other oils, or other oils entirely.
         | It's safe to assume though that any bottle of vegetable oil you
         | see is all or mostly soy.
        
         | KerryJones wrote:
         | Vegetable Oil (as mentioned in another comment) is largely
         | soybean oil
        
           | ska wrote:
           | This is pretty regional. In US I think you are (mostly?)
           | right.
        
         | jesterpm wrote:
         | I expect that most of the soybean oil consumed in the US is
         | consumed as an ingredient in something else--salad dressing,
         | sauces, snacks, etc.--rather than a bottle of "soybean oil"
         | (usually "Vegetable Oil") in their pantry.
        
         | antihero wrote:
         | Is it used in the UK much? I mostly see rapeseed, sunflower and
         | olive oil used.
        
           | GordonS wrote:
           | No, I don't believe I've ever seen it here, even though I
           | frequent asian grocery stores.
        
             | thaumasiotes wrote:
             | Is it supposed to be a big thing in Asian grocery stores?
             | If you walk into a grocery store in China it will quickly
             | become apparent that you're expected to do your cooking
             | with corn oil.
        
         | jazzyjackson wrote:
         | Another one that annoys me is "wildflower honey" is actually
         | honey from pollinating fields of soybeans.
        
         | zymhan wrote:
         | It is indeed frequently sold as "Vegetable Oil", which is a
         | generic term.
         | 
         | However, if you read the Ingredients, you'll find that most
         | Vegetable oils are composed of mostly, or pure, Soybean Oil.
        
           | dnissley wrote:
           | Example: https://www.walmart.com/ip/Great-Value-Vegetable-
           | Oil-1-gal/1...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | endtime wrote:
         | "Vegetable oil" can be soybean oil but it can also be other
         | things. And I do often see "soybean oil", or something like
         | "vegetable oil (soy and/or palm and/or canola)" in a list of
         | ingredients.
        
         | lemax wrote:
         | Yes, soybean oil is marketed as vegetable oil, e.g. Crisco
         | vegetable oil is soybean based.
        
       | tpush wrote:
       | _In mice_. Let 's temper the usual nutritional conspiracy
       | allegations and grand proclamations of effects on humans until
       | someone trained and knowledgable provides an interpretation of
       | this study. Most of these rodent studies end up not being
       | applicable to humans anyway.
        
         | andreilys wrote:
         | There is plenty of research done on the harmful effects of seed
         | oils.
         | 
         | It's not a stretch to assume this is yet another study
         | demonstrating this in mice models.
        
           | jonnycomputer wrote:
           | But there also seems to be a ton of research suggesting the
           | seed, nut and legume consumption is very healthy...
        
             | andreilys wrote:
             | Yes however that's different than consuming processed seed
             | oil.
        
         | softwarebeware wrote:
         | Agreed.
         | 
         | From the post:
         | 
         | > A caveat for readers concerned about their most recent meal
         | is that this study was conducted on mice, and mouse studies do
         | not always translate to the same results in humans.
        
         | cottager2 wrote:
         | Do you have a source for the claim that _most_ studies done in
         | mice don't hold up? As far as I know, mice are quite a good
         | proxy, although there are some differences. It seems like it
         | would be a complete waste of time to study mice if most results
         | didn't hold.
        
           | The_rationalist wrote:
        
           | zdragnar wrote:
           | The post itself includes a caution against applying this
           | information directly to humans. It is a sign further research
           | is warranted, nothing more (as opposed to completely
           | pointless).
        
           | 09bjb wrote:
           | Mice strike the best balance for science of animals who are
           | decent proxies for humans, are inexpensive to breed and
           | genetically manipulate, and who don't trigger much ethical
           | backlash.
           | 
           | It seems to me though that the extent to which mouse biology
           | and behavior translates well to human biology and behavior
           | might also be the extent to which it's totally immoral. "Yes,
           | but think of how many future lives I'll save by vivisecting
           | this sentient or semi-sentient being..."
        
           | Avshalom wrote:
           | You can start with following footnotes from
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laboratory_mouse#Limitations or
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animal_testing#Scientific_crit.
           | .. I guess; I doubt it's possible to show what % of mouse
           | studies hold up or don't hold up.
        
       | shaicoleman wrote:
       | Recommended viewing: Dr. Chris Knobbe - Diseases of Civilization:
       | Are Seed Oil Excesses the Unifying Mechanism?
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7kGnfXXIKZM
       | 
       | Here's a slide where he shows that soybean oil induces diabetes
       | (in mice):
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/7kGnfXXIKZM?t=2341
       | 
       | The talk makes the case on how it's also applicable to humans.
        
       | verall wrote:
       | Soybean oil has less partially hydrogenated oils than other
       | deodorized oils, making it potentially the healthiest of the
       | deodorized oils.
       | 
       | Obviously deodorized oils are not very healthy, but I honestly
       | don't understand all the posts like "Eat only coconut
       | oil/butter/lard". For the "appeal to science", there's plenty of
       | data that diets very high in saturated fats is a risk factor for
       | heart disease. For the "appeal to nature", ancient peoples did
       | not have our modern access to animal fats, hunter gatherers ate a
       | lot of seeds, nuts and bugs to fill out a diet that otherwise ate
       | small lean game with occasional big fatty hunting successes.
        
         | freewinz wrote:
         | This comment comes off as extremely uninformed; there is far
         | more chemistry involved in nutrition than the tiny factors you
         | mentioned.
         | 
         | Appealing to science could also be eating a higher saturated
         | fat diet like in France where heart disease is lower than in
         | the US.
         | 
         | There is lots of science that is ignored by the ignorant and
         | uninformed.
         | 
         | Not to mention omega6 vs omega3; what you say is "appeal to
         | nature" is actually appealing to science for some chemistry
        
       | abeppu wrote:
       | > Used for fast food frying, added to packaged foods, and fed to
       | livestock, soybean oil is by far the most widely produced and
       | consumed edible oil in the U.S.
       | 
       | Just in terms of the scope of the problem ... is there any
       | evidence that these findings apply to humans eating products from
       | livestock fed with soybean oil? If not, surely what matters in
       | this context is not how much is "produced and consumed" but how
       | much is consumed by humans?
        
       | globalise83 wrote:
       | Seems from the article that soybean oil contributes to making
       | people obese and unhappy.
        
         | criddell wrote:
         | Maybe. The study only looked at mice though.
        
           | hungryforcodes wrote:
           | And mice happiness might be hard to evaluate.
        
           | slothtrop wrote:
           | There are others. The skyrocketing rate of use of vegetable
           | oils correlates quite highly with rate of obesity.
        
       | Invictus0 wrote:
       | I'm not obese. I have a family history of obesity. On the
       | contrary, I am a bit underweight, and I have tried very hard to
       | gain weight and have never managed to accomplish much. What are
       | obese people eating that I'm not eating? What foods are high in
       | soybean oil?
        
         | micromacrofoot wrote:
         | My experience with obese people in my family is that the most
         | consistent theme is quantity. If you're eating 1,000 calorie
         | meals and don't work out all the time you're going to be obese
         | no matter what you're eating. Sugar and carbs definitely help
         | pack the calories, but I've seen people eat 1,000 calorie
         | salads.
        
         | willchang wrote:
         | You can start with fried items from McDonald's:
         | https://querysprout.com/what-oil-does-mcdonalds-use/#:~:text=Fo
         | r%20some%20people%2C%20it%20may,of%20its%20main%20cooking%20oil
         | s.
        
         | gelert wrote:
         | Have you ever kept a log of the food you eat in a day?
         | Admittedly I come at this from a very different perspective
         | being obese, and having been much more obese in the past, but
         | actively logging my food and retrospectively calculating
         | calories gave me a much better sense of how much I was actually
         | eating.
         | 
         | When you've recorded some data on that it would be productive
         | to calculate your basal metabolic rate, which are the calories
         | your body uses on the daily (so any exercise adds on to that).
         | Comparing those two figures might be productive.
         | 
         | Of course there may be genetic factors going on but perception
         | is so powerful it's the first thing I'd question
        
       | sosuke wrote:
       | TLDR; I spent way too long thinking about this in the short time
       | I looked at it. I still want to post my rambling but at the same
       | time take it all with a good dash of salt.
       | 
       | That title though. Why does the UoC feel the need to use
       | clickbait titles?
       | 
       | I guess it becomes a mouthful when it is "America's most consumed
       | cooking oil, which is soybean oil, causes genetic changes in the
       | brain."
       | 
       | But my first though is ... I've never bought soybean oil afaik.
       | Is soybean oil vegetable oil? Because I buy vegetable oil.
       | 
       | Ah clarification later in the post "Additionally, the team notes
       | the findings only apply to soybean oil -- not to other soy
       | products or to other vegetable oils."
       | 
       | The difficult part is that most of the things I consume that use
       | soybean oil I don't have a choice in what oil they used. Sure I
       | can not eat those chicken nuggets but the easier solution would
       | be to change the manufacturing process to use something better
       | right?
        
         | jderick wrote:
         | Yes, vegetable oil is typically soybean oil.
        
           | sosuke wrote:
           | I went to the kitchen just now. Damn. So vegetable oils OTHER
           | than soybean oil is fine for mice.
        
             | pigeonhole123 wrote:
             | Slightly less damaging. High heat processed oils are
             | probably not great in general.
        
         | Klonoar wrote:
         | >"Additionally, the team notes the findings only apply to
         | soybean oil -- not to other soy products or to other vegetable
         | oils."
         | 
         | This was the bit I was honestly curious about. I've taken quite
         | a liking to tofu recently and have been curious if too much is
         | possible.
         | 
         | I still eat a fairly balanced diet so I'm not too vexxed on it,
         | but it's a good distinction here.
        
       | cm2012 wrote:
       | This lines up with that big research paper that came out last
       | year saying the obesity epidemic almost certainly has an
       | environmental cause beyond pure calories available, based on
       | water table data, etc.
        
       | ketanmaheshwari wrote:
       | Title should probably mention the article is talking about
       | Soybean oil.
        
       | ck2 wrote:
       | Practically live on google scholar past two years, hope they
       | never stop it.
       | 
       | https://scholar.google.com/scholar?as_vis=1&q=Sladek+Soybean
       | 
       | Two thoughts, be wary of academics with "specialties" until their
       | work is reproduced and/or peer reviewed. Also people are not
       | exactly rodents so they need to reproduce this in humans which is
       | understandably far more difficult.
        
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