[HN Gopher] What's the roundest country on earth? (2016)
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       What's the roundest country on earth? (2016)
        
       Author : acqbu
       Score  : 7 points
       Date   : 2022-02-18 20:48 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (citymonitor.ai)
 (TXT) w3m dump (citymonitor.ai)
        
       | ethbr0 wrote:
       | Answer: Sierra Leone
       | 
       | Surprised! Would have expected Vatican City. Which turns out to
       | not actually be round at all (said as a prototypical
       | geographically-ignorant American).
        
       | jer0me wrote:
       | https://youtu.be/jFg1SvLVlII
        
       | dhosek wrote:
       | Not sure I like the method for computing roundness. My
       | instinctual approach would be to look at the value 4p _A_ / _P_ 2
       | which has a circle=1 and the smaller values indicating less
       | roundness (a square would be [?]0.79, a triangle [?]0.6)
       | 
       | A pentagram would have 0.26.
        
         | AlliedEnvy wrote:
         | I had a similar objection and idea for alternative metric (with
         | area and perimeter). But for most countries, the perimeter is
         | ill-defined. See:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastline_paradox
        
           | dhosek wrote:
           | The dataset's coordinates for the country boundaries are
           | adequate for defining the coastlines.
        
         | dhosek wrote:
         | And as I think about it, this would make Island archipelagos
         | maybe not show up as such extremes since we're ignoring the
         | separations between the islands.
        
       | nwallin wrote:
       | > In short: the equirectangular projection distorts things,
       | making countries closer to the poles look bigger while countries
       | closer to the equator look smaller; the azimuthal projection
       | accounts for this.
       | 
       | This isn't quite right. Equirectangular projections stretches
       | things _sideways_ near the poles. So a country that 's very
       | circular that is near the poles will be a wide flat oval in in
       | the projection. Consider a circular tarp that's dropped just a
       | few feet from the South pole. It will stretch just thousands of a
       | degree of latitude, but will stretch a hundred or more degrees of
       | longitude.
       | 
       | This is actually something that the much-maligned Mercator
       | projection is actually good at. A circle on the globe will be a
       | circle on the map. A circle near the poles will be a much, much
       | bigger circle than a circle near the equator, but since you're
       | talking about the ratios, to a significant extent the differences
       | will cancel out.
       | 
       | The azimuthal projection is not a global projection. Unlike
       | Mercator, you can't just slap the whole world into an azimuthal
       | projection and expect to get a globally useful map. You're not
       | going to hang a map of the entire world in an azimuthal
       | projection in a classroom, for instance. But for a local areas,
       | say, just one single country, an azimuthal projection will be
       | direction preserving from the central point, which is a useful
       | property. So what the paper does, is if you have 200 countries or
       | whatever, it defines 200 different azimuthal projections that are
       | only useful in and around each country. And it uses each
       | country's own projection to calculate how circular it is.
       | 
       | The author declined to mention specifically which azimuthal
       | projection they're using, which is unfortunate. Azimuthal means
       | that direction from a central point are preserved. If this
       | azimuthal projection is also equidistant, meaning equal distances
       | from the central point are equal in the projection, then they're
       | golden.
        
       | senkora wrote:
       | And of course Jay Foreman's (musical) video on the squarest
       | country is well worth a watch!
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/8mrNEVUuZdk
        
       | kmm wrote:
       | The original page linked in article seems more appropriate than
       | the link itself: https://gciruelos.com/what-is-the-roundest-
       | country.html
       | 
       | Something is off with his dataset though, while 17, Monaco, looks
       | quite round-ish in the image on the site, Monaco is actually
       | among the more elongated and rectangular of the countries.
        
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