[HN Gopher] Love is biological bribery?
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Love is biological bribery?
        
       Author : dnetesn
       Score  : 141 points
       Date   : 2022-02-16 11:04 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
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       | esarbe wrote:
       | Love can be many things. Love is lust, is the desire for company,
       | the yearning for friendship; it's a single word used for a
       | plethora of emotions.
       | 
       | We would do better to differentiate these and make it clear what
       | we mean when we say 'I love you'. Someone looking for a partner
       | does not mean the same as someone under the spells of passion and
       | desire.
        
         | CaptArmchair wrote:
         | The Ancient Greeks had distinct terms for different types of
         | love.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_words_for_love
        
       | Sapere_Aude wrote:
       | I love material reductionism. It pretends to explain the thing it
       | actually renders meaningless with its "explanation".
       | 
       | This "explanation" is utter rubbish mumbled by the philsophically
       | inept. It even pretends to be "science" all the while bringing in
       | their "darwinian" "evolutionary" philosophy. (One thing I wonder
       | often is, don't these people know fallacies, e.g. when trying to
       | prove sth. to be caused by evolution, as a proof for evolution,
       | while assuming evolution to be true in the first place? Classic
       | "begging the question"-fallacy.)
        
         | quenix wrote:
         | You don't seem to bring forth any real rebuttal of the
         | arguments in the article. I personally think it's a bit
         | oversimplified but very much viable. Why don't you think so?
        
       | swayvil wrote:
       | Love is a vision of divinity. Inevitable when illusion is
       | stripped away. Which happens when you look at anything long
       | enough. Be it an intentional looking or a fascination born of
       | biochemical trickery.
        
       | eric4smith wrote:
       | The author was talking about romantic love.
       | 
       | And indeed, they are right. Love is biological bribery. Science
       | has proven that love is a mix of chemistry and emotions. (Or
       | emotions caused by chemistry) that waxes and wanes and goes away
       | over time. And the main reason for it is the perpetuation of the
       | species by a mechanism that is outside of our consciousness and
       | reason.
       | 
       | When love is gone, what is generally left is (sometimes
       | hopefully) a caring, appreciation, and high regard for the object
       | of "love".
       | 
       | And this is exactly why modern divorce rates are so high.
       | 
       | Because marriages were always meant to be a coming together for
       | reasons of survival, children, sharing of responsibilities and a
       | series of common missions.
       | 
       | Instead we have ruined the institution by making the main reason
       | for it to be "love".
       | 
       | So when the love inevitably wanes -- as it naturally does, if the
       | couple has nothing else left (children, shared goals, common
       | missions), why stay together?
       | 
       | And yes, some people might say they have been in love for
       | decades. Which is great! But it rarely happens. Generally love
       | waxes and wanes. Rises and falls. Comes and goes. And those same
       | couples that have been in love for decades will tell you all of
       | the downswings and upswings over the years.
       | 
       | I wish more people knew and understood this. A lot of heartache
       | could be saved. Then again, the world would not be so
       | interesting. Sigh.
        
         | papito wrote:
         | It is almost upsetting how much humans are hostages to our
         | hormones. One of the most interesting This American Life
         | episodes was about what happens when you are too high or too
         | low on testosterone, for example. It changes your entire
         | personality.
         | 
         | This is why I don't think the Black Mirror promise of
         | "uploading" your brain is that simple. Without hormones, you
         | will be a husk of your former self.
        
           | troyvit wrote:
           | Yeah and I think that would make another, more excellent
           | Black Mirror. It also doesn't take into account the possible
           | affect of bacteria and other organisms that help shape
           | (granted I can't find a source for that right now that isn't
           | pop science so maybe take it with a grain of salt).
        
             | papito wrote:
             | It's reasonable to assume that even gut bacteria affects
             | your personality, or chronic pain, or anything really that
             | makes you _feel_.
        
         | dinkleberg wrote:
         | I don't get this attitude though, not just love, but everything
         | about us is chemistry.
         | 
         | At the end of the day we are biological machinery.
        
           | frockington1 wrote:
           | I agree, at some point drilling down lower on a biological
           | scale provides no additional value. "Love is nothing but
           | atomic particles interacting" is the logical next step that
           | is just as useless to state
        
             | tonis2 wrote:
             | Love is just bunch of quantum strings entangled.
        
             | mattgreenrocks wrote:
             | I suspect some people need to believe in a sort of
             | biological determinism, where there was never a concept of
             | will, just chemicals preordaining everything.
             | 
             | It's all so strangely religious-sounding. :)
        
               | oldsecondhand wrote:
               | Both free will and predetermination are core concepts in
               | Christianity and one of the fundamental differences
               | between protestantism and Catholicism.
        
         | twoxproblematic wrote:
        
         | Zigurd wrote:
         | You position re marriage is curious and seems backwards. You
         | seem to value marriage over the goals and needs of the
         | participants. Modern conventional marriage and the often
         | unrealistic expectations of marriage for life are what's wrong
         | with marriage. Humans made marriage that way. Humans can decide
         | to make it different.
        
         | 52-6F-62 wrote:
         | > Science has proven that love is a mix of chemistry and
         | emotions.
         | 
         | When did that happen?
         | 
         | As I understand it we've got to the point of understanding some
         | of the chemical signals our bodies use to reflect the idea we
         | called love, and that's about as far as it is reasonable to
         | take that notion. Taking it further is unscientific.
         | 
         | We don't even remotely understand our own bodies' signalling
         | processes so I'm not sure how we reached the conclusion that
         | love is solved.
        
           | troyvit wrote:
           | Yeah. If it had been solved it also would have been bottled
           | and on the shelf at Walmart.
        
         | makeitdouble wrote:
         | I'm not sure to get your point on marriage. If people divorce
         | because they have no other reason to stay together (no survival
         | level risk, children, common missions etc.) how is it "ruined"
         | ?
         | 
         | Seems to me it's necessity has just waned over time, being
         | single has become a lot more viable in our societies and the
         | system is pretty much working as it's supposed to.
        
           | Kbelicius wrote:
           | > If people divorce because they have no other reason to stay
           | together (no survival level risk, children, common missions
           | etc.) how is it "ruined" ?
           | 
           | You aren't reading what GP has written so maybe you'll read
           | it if I quote it without the context. GP wrote: "Instead we
           | have ruined the institution by making the main reason for it
           | to be 'love'.".
           | 
           | So the answer to your question would be, it isn't. The
           | institution of marriage isn't ruined, in GPs view, by the act
           | of divorce when love is gone and there are no other reasons
           | to say together but when entering in to marriage when no
           | other reason besides love exists.
        
             | makeitdouble wrote:
             | Sorry, it still makes no sense to me, but perhaps I'm just
             | missing a viewpoint.
             | 
             | Marrying and divorcing based on love alone, with nothing
             | else at stake doesn't look to me like a bad thing. If it
             | wasn't for that, half of the people wouldn't be marrying I
             | think, and as an institution it would be in a way worse
             | shape.
             | 
             | Perhaps GP isn't embracing divorcing as a sane rational
             | decision, and that would be the "ruined" part, on which we
             | would diverge.
        
               | judge2020 wrote:
               | > Marrying and divorcing based on love alone, with
               | nothing else at stake doesn't look to me like a bad
               | thing.
               | 
               | This is just the difference of opinion OP is making; they
               | see marriage as having the functional purpose of
               | dedicating one's life to the other person, sharing
               | responsibilities and goals with them (and taxes), ie. the
               | development of platonic love; this is required if the
               | couple doesn't want to divorce when/if that eros /
               | romantic love dies out.
               | 
               | In reality, nobody likes going through a divorce, so if
               | they do marry without being ready to commit to shared
               | goals like this, they're hoping that eros love never dies
               | out, which I bet doesn't happen often.
        
           | twoxproblematic wrote:
        
         | gunfighthacksaw wrote:
         | IMO love is the thing that remains after you stop being blinded
         | by lust, novelty, etc.
         | 
         | Love is quite boring, hardly the most stimulating thing in a
         | relationship, almost the dullest thing because it's the force
         | that keeps you together through the pits. The feeling of
         | emotional security, someone to care for / be cared for by. The
         | reason it takes a longer time to fall in love than wanting to
         | bang is because you need the previous qualities to appear, peak
         | and then wither to notice it.
         | 
         | Old people aren't all going at it like knives, familial love is
         | pretty mundane, even the love people have for pets is not very
         | exciting. But that is the essence, the ecstasy of divine
         | tedium.
        
         | onion2k wrote:
         | _when the love inevitably wanes_
         | 
         | You only need to look at the way some old people act around
         | their spouse to see that there is nothing inevitable about
         | that.
        
           | Kbelicius wrote:
           | GP already addressed that:
           | 
           | > Science has proven that love is a mix of chemistry and
           | emotions. (Or emotions caused by chemistry) that waxes and
           | wanes and goes away over time.
           | 
           | > And yes, some people might say they have been in love for
           | decades. Which is great! But it rarely happens. Generally
           | love waxes and wanes. Rises and falls. Comes and goes. And
           | those same couples that have been in love for decades will
           | tell you all of the downswings and upswings over the years.
        
             | judge2020 wrote:
             | I think GGP actually addresses that via:
             | 
             | > what is generally left is (sometimes hopefully) a caring,
             | appreciation, and high regard for the object of "love".
             | 
             | You still value the shared responsibility you have for your
             | partner high enough that you have developed platonic love
             | to a certain degree, ie. you can't imagine finding someone
             | else to build up the same amount of
             | caring/appreciation/shared life experiences with, even if
             | the romantic love between the couple is at a low point.
             | Even if one partner grows attracted to another person, that
             | is only the romantic / eros love that brought the initial
             | couple together, while that platonic love still exists and
             | would take a lot longer to build up with the new romantic
             | partner, should they choose to give up all the progress
             | they've already made and re-marry.
        
             | onion2k wrote:
             | I don't think saying "Love wanes except when it doesn't"
             | addresses anything.
        
               | krageon wrote:
               | It doesn't address anything because the statement is just
               | untrue, but by using it and later on putting in some
               | ameliorating statement your text gets to be both
               | factually true _and_ espousing something which is wrong.
               | The best of all worlds.
        
               | sanxiyn wrote:
               | The statement is that love usually wanes. Science is
               | quantitative. You would laugh at people arguing "so
               | vaccine works except when it doesn't?", wouldn't you?
        
               | Kbelicius wrote:
               | No, what is being said is that love waxes and wanes.
               | Maybe you are unfamiliar with the idiom and thus are
               | having problems understanding what is written.
        
               | onion2k wrote:
               | _No, what is being said is that love waxes and wanes.
               | Maybe you are unfamiliar with the idiom and thus are
               | having problems understanding what is written._
               | 
               | I understand what someone means when they say something
               | wanes. They means it wanes; it fades over time. If they
               | meant to say it both waxes _and_ wanes they 'd have said
               | that instead.
        
               | Kbelicius wrote:
               | They did say it waxes and wanes.... I even quoted it to
               | you, so that would be 2 times that you didn't read it. In
               | fact, GP used it twice, so it would be 4 times.
        
       | fristechill wrote:
       | Love as I understand it is not strictly an emotion but rather an
       | absence of fear when attending to the object of love. It appears
       | emotional because there's a change in the baseline emotional
       | state. The results is a whole-hearted engagement which with
       | sufficient investment of time has the potential to become
       | creative.
        
       | blable2 wrote:
       | The title made me chuckle. *Must read* as it has a "Love
       | Scientist" with photo.
        
       | circlefavshape wrote:
       | In my experience article that says "X is what separates us from
       | the animals" is very likely to have a high horseshit quotient
        
         | diag wrote:
         | Right. Humans are animals. Trying to make a distinction on a
         | biological level is always going to be tenuous.
        
       | DoreenMichele wrote:
       | A couple of thoughts:
       | 
       | I ran an email list at one point where we posted articles about
       | research into brain wiring and discussed it and this doesn't jibe
       | with my understanding.
       | 
       | My understanding is that emotion is another means to relate to
       | certain kinds of information. It's like a TLDR, a file summing up
       | all of your experiences with X and informing you how to relate to
       | X.
       | 
       | So if your brain tells you "I'm in love!" that's shorthand for
       | something like "This person meets some bar compared to other
       | people." It's a summary of your life experience with all people,
       | all romantic situations and all of your interactions with this
       | one individual.
       | 
       | People with high affect can make snap judgements because they
       | have a strong signal, a loud TLDR file telling them "I _love_
       | this! " or "I _hate_ this! " People with low affect can't make
       | snap decisions. They have to take their time to think things
       | through and make conscious, intentional choices. They can't _go
       | with their gut._
       | 
       | So I don't think of love as bribery. Love is a density of
       | information telling you _don 't sweat the small stuff_. You think
       | this is someone to bet your future on when it's not possible to
       | ever know for sure how that will go.
       | 
       | The second thought is that her idea of _choosing_ your friends
       | doesn 't resonate with me. Just like with romantic partners, my
       | friends are people I just hit it off with. That mutual spark is
       | there or it's not.
       | 
       | I work at friendship. Friends are important to me. But if I could
       | just decide somewhat unilaterally that "I want to be friends with
       | x person" and make that happen, I wouldn't have been so socially
       | isolated in recent years.
        
         | visarga wrote:
         | Looks like the value function in reinforcement learning. You
         | assign a high value to being close to your loved one. The value
         | function is like you say a synthesis of your past experiences,
         | learning what leads to positive or negative rewards. The
         | rewards themselves are biologically coded in our brains by
         | evolutionary pressures, but the value function is like
         | integrating rewards over chains of situations and actions.
        
       | foxhop wrote:
       | Love is energy which compells forward motion in the universe.
       | 
       | We know that the law of attraction manifests collaboration &
       | cooperation from the smallest parts like our models of the atom,
       | to a single cell, to a human's body, to the mind & the global
       | subconscious.
       | 
       | This law is love. Love is not always right but it's the fuel,
       | it's what drives this whole mad universe and it's you and it's me
       | and we are excellent! Can you imagine, your heart beating for you
       | each and everyday, the bacteria in your gut digesting food for
       | your cells to uptake and absorb. Everything in perfect balance
       | and homeostasis!
       | 
       | Sure we may fall ill, but our bodies repair even without our
       | focus. In fact it's often better to sleep when feeling sick and
       | turn down the conscious ego altogether and slip into lala land:
       | to the place of archetypes, the shadow, the subconscious, and
       | unconscious. Our bodies rescue us, we do nothing (wu wei) and
       | only need to wait through the uncomfortable now. A new day will
       | rise and after a short time we feel whole again. We have all
       | experienced this. We know this because this is love. Our bodies
       | love us and if we treat others inside the universal system with
       | love, I don't see why peaceful Freedom United with Love cannot
       | find a natural balance, especially if love were inherently part
       | of the technological constraints and engineering decisions.
       | 
       | You know what true love is, you might have forgotten, but you
       | know it.
       | 
       | Love must be grown voluntary.
        
         | caaqil wrote:
         | The "law of attraction" is not a thing, it's a pseudoscientific
         | concept used by woo-woo peddlers. It is impressive how much
         | text this comment contains and how little sense it makes.
        
           | foxhop wrote:
           | & ur comment is also poetry in motion. Do not spiral yourself
           | down too low, u might not find a way back out! Good luck & I
           | love u regardless for showing me significant contrast to my
           | own well being & awareness, conciousness, & spirit.
        
       | cryptonector wrote:
       | Love and empathy may well just be strategies that do well
       | evolutionarily, but they are what we have. Without them we
       | wouldn't be social animals because we'd have no problem killing
       | each other -- "bribery" would not even have a place. I'd rather
       | think of these qualities as noble than as mere evolutionary
       | accidents that amount to "bribery".
        
       | mediocregopher wrote:
       | > That's what separates us from the animals. Animals don't use
       | love to manipulate others. We do.
       | 
       | I'm not convinced this isn't the exact modus operandi of my cat.
        
       | esarbe wrote:
       | Love and lust and passion are things that are difficult to square
       | with our (mis)understanding as 'rational' entities; we are not
       | thinking machines, we're reproduction machines.
       | 
       | > But a lot of women, in particular, find it hard to accept that
       | they are still looking for a protector and a provider.
       | 
       | Our biology doesn't care what your carefully crafted self-image
       | looks like; in the end male and female are two reproductive
       | strategies that perpetuate the genes.
       | 
       | It would do us good to keep that in mind and not be willfully
       | blind to the biological sources of our behavior.
        
       | motohagiography wrote:
       | Arguably, we have a culture and education problem, where the idea
       | of love as being invested in someone else's happiness gets
       | conflated with sex as a hook for roping someone into co-
       | dependency. The whole enterprise is rotten. When you stop using
       | the word, and just mentally recognize, "I feel invested in this
       | persons happiness," it provides for a more sound emotional
       | foundation. When you have lust for someone, you aren't
       | necessarily invested in their happiness, it's really something
       | else.
       | 
       | The reason (imo) it gets so messy is because we have elevated and
       | romanticized co-dependency as a culture. Biologically, a woman
       | only really needs a man around for the first few years of infant
       | vulnerability, and not even that these days, however, the
       | flipside of that is that we ignore the weaning and developmental
       | effect of having fathers around to offset the dependent identity
       | a child has on its mother.
       | 
       | I'm of a more conservative view that when we started raising kids
       | to become adults, we stopped raising them to be men and women,
       | and so we are left with adult, vaguely defined persons, who take
       | supervision from proxies for their mothers in a co-dependent
       | relationship with interchangeable authorities, and who are not
       | fully actualized men and women.
       | 
       | Language itself comes from our mothers, and to keep us surviving
       | as children, the base sentiments complex language is designed to
       | transmit are disgust and shame, to warn you away from danger and
       | misbehavior, so as to keep us safe. Our internal monlologue of
       | self speaks to us in language, so most of our ontology of being
       | is predicated on this substrate. It's that powerful. When you
       | look at traditional or tribal rites of passage, they tend to have
       | an element of disgust and danger in them, where you are forced to
       | become the thing that as a child you were forbidden to be, and
       | then in this state, you are celebrated and accepted into the
       | group as a trusted man or woman, because you have survived the
       | disgusting things that were forbidden, and you are now _you_ ,
       | and the tribe loves you for that which is the true you, and not
       | your child identity defined by good behaviour.
       | 
       | We don't have those rites of passage anymore, and so we have
       | generations of unweaned "adult people" who aren't accepted men or
       | women, who can still be operated on by pulling these childhood
       | linguistic levers of disgust and shame. Love in a world of
       | adults, and not of men and women, is an absolute disaster as a
       | result, since the long tail of men are treating women like their
       | mothers, and women have to hide who they truly are to represent
       | as these weird sexless adult authority figures.
       | 
       | This is a bit much for an off hand comment, but it's important in
       | this context, as by rethinking love as being invested in someones
       | happiness, it creates the necessary personal boundary that
       | enables us to have something to bring to a relationship, instead
       | of self sacrificing for a co-dependent identity regulated by an
       | internal monologue of shame.
        
       | mensetmanusman wrote:
       | Articles that speak of evolution as a person with intent are
       | strange to me.
        
       | Starlevel001 wrote:
       | Hypocrite that you are, for you trust the chemicals in your brain
       | to tell you that they are chemicals. All knowledge is ultimately
       | based on that which we cannot prove. Will you fight? Or will you
       | perish like a dog?
        
       | badrabbit wrote:
       | Confusing intimacy with love? Even then, I am convinced the
       | biological need for sex is rooted in a core psychological need
       | for intimacy (to know and mutually be known), this need is so
       | crucial, the body works to help obtain it similar to food or
       | water.
        
         | esarbe wrote:
         | > I am convinced the biological need for sex is rooted in a
         | core psychological need for intimacy
         | 
         | The biological need for sex is rooted in the necessity for
         | reproduction.
         | 
         | > this need is so crucial, the body works to help obtain it
         | similar to food or water.
         | 
         | The body serves the need for reproduction.
        
           | badrabbit wrote:
           | There is no need for reproduction biologically. Socially,
           | sure. But if anything, offsprings put the survival of the
           | parent at risk (more bellies to feed, more risks to take,
           | more exposure to disease). However there is a psychological
           | need to reproduce but certainly secondary to intimacy, which
           | makes sense since children require a stable environment which
           | is only helped by parents' intimacy.
        
             | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
             | There is a biological need - the only reason that the
             | specimen exists is because their parents had that urge.
             | Evolution will 100% select those who want to breed over
             | those who don't. Those who don't won't pass on their
             | genetics and their evolution will end.
        
             | vitno wrote:
             | The process of evolution doesn't care much about survival
             | of the parent if they aren't passing down genes.
        
             | fleddr wrote:
             | There's no such thing as a psychological need when it comes
             | to reproduction. The very existence of the person having
             | such needs (which you made up) is based on biological
             | reproduction, which trumps any and all needs. You cannot
             | have needs if you don't exist.
             | 
             | Likewise, offspring cannot be a risk to you if you don't
             | exist.
             | 
             | The point of life is to reproduce. The point of life before
             | the moment you reproduce is to not die.
        
               | badrabbit wrote:
               | What evidence is there to prove the biological trumps
               | psychological? People can literally starve to death
               | because of a psychological disorder. The desire to see
               | more of one's self and a continuation of one's story is
               | what I am talking about. The point of life is not
               | reproduce, reproduction is a means by which lineage is
               | continued. In order for life to have a point you have to
               | talk about intent behind life, if you believe life is
               | unintended then there is no point to it aside from what
               | sentient beings self-assign it.
        
               | fleddr wrote:
               | The evidence is that you exist, which is solely the
               | result of biological reproduction. Life indeed has no
               | intent other than to continue. That is the point in
               | itself.
               | 
               | Quite a lot of species take this reality to the extreme.
               | They die immediately after reproducing. Or, they generate
               | thousands of offspring of which 99.99% dies within the
               | day.
               | 
               | Humans, like all species ever, are hard-wired to
               | reproduce. Whatever bullshit story you tell yourself on
               | top of that (opting out, or optin in for wanting to
               | maintain a legacy) are mere fabrications of a mind, only
               | possible in recent luxury times in very particular parts
               | of the world.
               | 
               | Some people call this nihilism but I call it freedom. Not
               | only does life other than reproducing have no point, your
               | life is also completely irrelevant at macro level. When
               | you embrace that, you can finally start living.
        
               | esarbe wrote:
               | > What evidence is there to prove the biological trumps
               | psychological?
               | 
               | The psychological _is_ biological.
               | 
               | > The point of life is not reproduce,
               | 
               | The point of life is the continuation of life - that
               | means reproduction. It might not be your _own_
               | reproduction, but the reproduction of your genes. That 's
               | what the last 3.5billion years of your own cellular
               | existence has been about.
               | 
               | > In order for life to have a point you have to talk
               | about intent behind life
               | 
               | Life has a point whether you talk about it or not. The
               | point of life is life itself.
        
       | bobthechef wrote:
        
       | zby wrote:
       | The article does not explain why bribery is the chosen analogy
       | and not for example salary or something. Bribery for me is about
       | paying someone to do something bad - here they talk about the
       | reward i.e. the payment part but there is no mention about the
       | 'something bad' part.
        
       | hasmanean wrote:
       | No, love is a low entropy state between two people, like a
       | chemical bond.
       | 
       | Emotions like hatred, greed, jealousy etc have no place in that
       | state.
        
       | sytelus wrote:
       | If people getting married were forced to spend a day in divorce
       | court, very few people would ever dare get married. "Love" is the
       | biggest snake oil humans have produced and marketted to death.
       | It's all good for survival of the species but if you want to
       | change the world, do something above and beyon, make an impact -
       | avoid this "love" bullshit and, no matter what happens, don't get
       | married. Songs of the sirens will be loud and irresistable. You
       | must learn to close your ears or you will ruin your life.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | > people with higher levels of oxytocin generally are more open
       | to relationships, they are more committed to wanting to work
       | toward a relationship
       | 
       | Can people get a test for this?
        
         | krageon wrote:
         | No, because it is the kind of blanket statement that is a huge
         | red flag for someone constructing a story that sounds nice to
         | them.
        
           | msoad wrote:
           | It should not be too difficult to measure tho. Imagine a
           | speed dating setup
        
             | amelius wrote:
             | Even nicer if you can predict oxytocin from DNA sequences.
        
             | krageon wrote:
             | Oxytocin has a popsci connotation and an actual use and
             | those are only peripherally related.
        
       | throw0101a wrote:
       | The English language is lacking in some words and so a whole
       | bunch of things get lumped under the single word of "love":
       | 
       | * https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greek_words_for_love
       | 
       | * https://iep.utm.edu/love/
       | 
       | For Aristotle (Rhet. ii, 4) and Aquinas (STh I-II,26 4), _to
       | love_ is to  "will the good of the other"; it is an act of
       | 'reason' rather than emotion. That is how one can "love one's
       | enemy": it's not necessarily that we find pleasure from them, but
       | rather we desire that they (e.g.) reform their ways.
        
         | Connor_Creegan wrote:
         | While this is true, the interviewee Anne Machin clarifies that
         | she is referring to the phenomenon of romantic love (Eros).
         | 
         | That said, I find it interesting that there is no mention of
         | the phenomenon of same-sex romance. This exception alone would
         | seem to fly in the face of the notion that romantic love can be
         | conceptually-modeled as a mere epiphenomenon of genetic
         | sovereignty and autonomy. I guess the counter would be that
         | this lies outside the boundaries of ordinary romantic love and
         | therefore should be taxonomically-distinct?
         | 
         | Who knows. These gene-centered theories of evolution require
         | quite a bit of ad hoc rationalization, speculation and routine
         | defiance of folk phenomenology.
        
           | hirundo wrote:
           | > This exception alone would seem to fly in the face of the
           | notion that romantic love can be conceptually-modeled as a
           | mere epiphenomenon of genetic sovereignty and autonomy.
           | 
           | Biologically romantic love between same sex partners is more
           | or less equivalent to love with an infertile partner. Such
           | love doesn't have to mean that there has been evolutionary
           | pressure for such feelings to those particular partners. It
           | could just mean that there has been strong evolutionary
           | pressure to support the feeling of love, but the genetic
           | mechanisms for identifying a fertile partner of the
           | complimentary sex is imperfect. If it works often enough that
           | sufficient babies are produced those false positives are
           | tolerable.
           | 
           | This can be thought of as similar to disease resistance. When
           | someone young dies from a disease it isn't evidence that we
           | are evolved to die from the disease, just that our biology
           | has limitations.
           | 
           | Of course we can't rule out that homosexual and other
           | infertile relationships have evolutionary advantages. See
           | e.g. John Maynard Smith's "sneaky fuckers strategy".
        
             | Connor_Creegan wrote:
             | >Biologically romantic love between same sex partners is
             | more or less equivalent to love with an infertile partner.
             | 
             | I am uncertain as to the intention of the adjective
             | "biologically" is in this sentence, but it seems to me that
             | to maintain the above thesis consistently in the face of
             | counter-evidence you would have to reduce vast portions of
             | the conscious decision-making matrix to the epiphenomena of
             | a genetic teleology. Infertility is typically not an
             | acknowledged fact prior to romantic engagement, while same-
             | sex attracted persons go to great lengths to hide their
             | romantic pursuits from others. Unless we are assuming a
             | highly-restrictive helpless spectator theory of
             | consciousness, dismissing the difference between these two
             | sets of phenomena as reducible to some kind widespread of
             | lack of discretion is quite the hypothetical leap.
             | 
             | It seems far more parsimonious and practical to assume
             | either a multi-level or meme/concept-centered model when
             | attempting to explain something as abstract, private and
             | irreplicable as romantic love.
        
               | hirundo wrote:
               | > you would have to reduce vast portions of the conscious
               | decision-making matrix to the epiphenomena of a genetic
               | teleology.
               | 
               | You have put your finger directly on the issue. How could
               | it be possible for sequences of amino acids to influence
               | our emotional reactions to particular classes of stimuli
               | in the real world? Whatever influence there is must come
               | from long and tortuously complex and unreliable chains of
               | causation. Those amino acids cannot simply encode a
               | virility detector in our neural nets. Your skepticism of
               | the connection is quite reasonable.
               | 
               | And yet we keep finding examples of the connection. Like
               | the funny reaction of cats to cucumbers in all of those
               | youtube videos. Something biological and not social makes
               | many cats fear a certain class of shapes. Somehow, that
               | emotional and physical response is genetically encoded.
               | Something similar is at work with romantic love. Like a
               | cat fears a snake-shaped blob, a human is aroused by a
               | mate-shaped blob or smell. That arousal in turn
               | influences our emotions, notoriously blinding us to other
               | inputs.
               | 
               | Our emotions are written on the dirtiest slates
               | imaginable, scribbled on over and over for billions of
               | generations.
        
               | Connor_Creegan wrote:
               | I don't really doubt the connection, I doubt the
               | reduction. There is no reason to isolate the phylogenetic
               | march as the primary efficient cause of its own change
               | through time in opposition to the claim that it is a
               | register of that change. There are other possible
               | explanations for innate aptic structures than a genetic
               | determinism which ultimately requires us to accept a
               | theory of consciousness as simply a passive witness to
               | unceasing, out-of-control volitional states.
        
               | hirundo wrote:
               | That's why the topic is a political football. The scope
               | of that volition is a constraint on the scope of
               | effective governance, particularly as fueled by blame.
        
           | ravi-delia wrote:
           | I'd expect that your brain has to figure out who it's
           | attracted to. The fact that on the order of 90% of the
           | population reports themselves as straight (surely some
           | closeted and bisexual folks in straight relationships
           | included in that number, but it's probably not too far off)
           | suggests that evolution has largely organized us well for
           | reproduction, but obviously isn't perfect. I mean, when I
           | find men attractive it's often for the same reasons straight
           | women do, modulo individual differences in type.
           | 
           | That being said, I suspect you're right that evolution is
           | much more constrained than evo-psych explanations give it
           | credit for (though I wonder what a non-gene-centered theory
           | of evolution would look like!). There are only 20,000 genes
           | or so, and most of them are just simple recipes for necessary
           | proteins. Obviously evolution does a lot with a little, but
           | it still strains credibility to suggest that every aspect of
           | human behavior is so well controlled by so few genes.
        
       | kang wrote:
       | > Love is chemicals & emotions
       | 
       | No, love is not chemicals & emotions but the state of chemicals &
       | emotions that is cause-effect for inter-human attraction/stable
       | togetherness.
       | 
       | Wow! IMAGINE THINKING LOVE EVOLVED at some point in time. There
       | are other issues as well.
       | 
       | To start off if I defined love minimally as that which is the
       | cause of attraction then,
       | 
       | --- What is the cause of attraction between poles of a magnet? *
       | Using the socratic method, the concept of an "ideal North Pole"
       | is inseparable from the "ideal South Pole", their togetherness is
       | eternal and when they are not together they are attracted to be
       | together, when they are together it is sustainable, so much so
       | that the reason for their creation is for the other to exist.
       | 
       | Why do they behave so though? Because they are "circular". No
       | they are not circular jk but because they have a "natural
       | configuration" or simply put its their "nature". Nature of
       | circles is to roll, similarly, what is an object that has nature
       | is to be attracted to this subject. ---
       | 
       | Love itself, is eternal, and has no origin. It is name for a
       | "thing"(conceptual, abstract, but a noun), like a circle.
       | 
       | We say one's mind is in prayer but technically whole of their
       | "natural configuration" is praying. Similarly, we say someone's
       | body is in the game, but their whole self is involved. Similarly
       | thus, heart is in love but their "whole configuration" is in the
       | act of active loving, during their existence.
       | 
       | At the very least it must NOT be taken for granted that a common
       | subset of such configuration exists for all humans. Nature of
       | their lover is subjective to lovers.
       | 
       | Furthermore, to end, when you study the properties of theos and
       | of love, they turn out to be same 'things'; god is love and love
       | is god. OP needs to read about what they are writing.
        
       | temptemptemp111 wrote:
        
       | tantalor wrote:
       | Gives a new meaning to the phrase "having chemistry with someone"
        
       | blurker wrote:
       | > At the basis of love are four neurochemicals. Each has a
       | different role but together they motivate us or to give us
       | confidence to go into social relationships.
       | 
       | So love is basically some chemicals causing us to feel lovey.
       | Makes sense...
       | 
       | > That's what separates us from the animals. Animals don't use
       | love to manipulate others. We do.
       | 
       | Wait, what? Do none of the animals have the same chemical
       | processes? This is a big red flag to me. Time and time again we
       | have found that when people have said "animals don't X, only
       | humans do" we find that to be wrong.
       | 
       | I stopped reading after this.
        
       | tpoacher wrote:
       | There's a corollary to the whole "love is contingent on reward
       | chemicals and can be addictive". Which is that people can use the
       | initial large offering vs later withholding of love to manipulate
       | you. And boy have I seen this done. Particularly in friends who
       | have manipulative parents, and in sociopathic individuals in the
       | context of relationships (a.k.a. the 'love bombing' technique:
       | https://datingasociopath.com/sociopath-character-traits/cunn...)
        
       | andrewclunn wrote:
        
       | Barrin92 wrote:
       | I think this has it the wrong way around. it's not that love is
       | biological bribery, it's that someone studying biology has tried
       | to redefine biological bribery to be love.
       | 
       | Love comes in many shapes. Love for one's family, one's nation,
       | one's profession, even God. It's at best uninformative, at worst
       | nonsensical to try to reduce all of this to interaction found in
       | sexual interaction / reproduction. It's a common thing with these
       | evo-psych explanations. If all you have is a hammer, everything
       | looks like a nail. The more scientific sounding version of
       | thinking every skyscraper represents a phallus.
       | 
       | I doubt this even makes sense across cultural boundaries. For
       | example the fact that oxytocin is apparently indicative of how
       | long a relationsihp lasts. In a Western culture where people
       | nowadays are prone to form relationships spontaneously, sure. In
       | a culture where parents organize relationships based on class,
       | caste or faith? Probably not.
        
         | CipherThrowaway wrote:
         | You are 100% right. The OP is textbook biological reductionism.
         | This "love scientist" is not promoting science but instead
         | passing off her pet theories as the final word on a nearly
         | universal human experience that takes dramatically different
         | forms across time and culture.
        
           | esarbe wrote:
           | > on a nearly universal human experience
           | 
           | Love is not a nearly universal human experience. Love is a
           | whole lot of concepts and emotions and experiences that are
           | highly dependent on the cultural context.
           | 
           | That's one of the points of the article.
        
             | CipherThrowaway wrote:
             | It's quite the opposite. Culture is mentioned three times
             | in the article and each mention is to point out that
             | culture doesn't make a difference to the supposed immutable
             | evolutionary truths.
        
           | selestify wrote:
           | > The OP is textbook biological reductionism
           | 
           | And is that wrong? Of course we're reducible down to
           | biological impulses in the end. Part of understanding higher
           | level cultural phenomena is understanding our biological
           | interactions, how they were historically shaped by our
           | evolutionary past, and how those adaptations affect us in a
           | drastically different modern context.
           | 
           | Certainly sounds a lot more scientific than, say, dismissing
           | all the research as "biological reductionism."
        
             | sudosysgen wrote:
             | Biological reductionism is different from just simply
             | science. There is a lot above love that we simply can't
             | explain at the level of neurotransmitters because our
             | understanding of such high level functions is highly
             | incomplete. Trying to say that there is nothing more to it
             | that the incomplete understanding we have is reductionism.
        
             | CipherThrowaway wrote:
             | The reductionism is the attempt to generalize incomplete
             | biological understandings to the high level systems of
             | which biology is the basis. This ignores the complex
             | interactions and properties that emerge at various points
             | between the two domains. It's as misguided as saying that
             | computers aren't digital because the underlying
             | electromagnetism is analog.
             | 
             | The article would be fine if it recognized that it was
             | speaking in trends and generalities. But the information is
             | presented as universal and individually applicable. For
             | example:
             | 
             | > But a lot of women, in particular, find it hard to accept
             | that they are still looking for a protector and a provider.
             | 
             | No doubt women find it hard to accept someone lecturing
             | them on their preferences without allowing them any
             | individuality.
             | 
             | The idea that searching for a protector is adaptive seems
             | reasonable enough. The fallacy is thinking it must
             | therefore apply unconditionally to every individual person
             | and culture. Individual behavior does not always adhere to
             | what is adaptive and there is no reason to think there
             | aren't other adaptations that may interact with, override
             | or invert this "provider seeking" behavior on an individual
             | basis.
             | 
             | The diverse spectrum of human sexuality and romantic
             | disposition is completely at odds with the simplistic view
             | presented in the article. The system is too complex to
             | understand in a few generalities.
             | 
             | > Part of understanding higher level cultural phenomena is
             | understanding our biological interactions
             | 
             | I think It's more often part of an _anti-understanding_ of
             | higher level cultural phenomenon. My observation is that
             | people who strongly believe in reducing love to chemicals
             | or atoms are intellectualizing an area of their life where
             | they do not feel capable, confident or in control. These
             | beliefs then inhibit personal growth and an understanding
             | of others. In the last couple of decades I have seen dozens
             | of men and a handful of women grow out of reductionist
             | beliefs.
        
               | selestify wrote:
               | > The article would be fine if it recognized that it was
               | speaking in trends and generalities. But the information
               | is presented as universal and individually applicable.
               | 
               | I agree. I assume that's just the journalist doing a bad
               | job of getting the nuance across.
               | 
               | > No doubt women find it hard to accept someone lecturing
               | them on their preferences without allowing them any
               | individuality.
               | 
               | At the same time, we humans are notorious for
               | rationalizing nice sounding, preferable reasons for why
               | we engage in certain actions. I don't have the context on
               | these personal discussions, of course, but perhaps those
               | women were indeed acting in ways that were more congruent
               | than not with the evo-psych explanation espoused here.
               | 
               | > The diverse spectrum of human sexuality and romantic
               | disposition is completely at odds with the simplistic
               | view presented in the article. The system is too complex
               | to understand in a few generalities.
               | 
               | I agree with the complexity. Again, I assume that much of
               | it is just the usual pop-science article being a pop-
               | science article. Perhaps I assume wrongly.
               | 
               | I do think however that overall, this is a research
               | direction worth pursuing. There's a diverse spectrum of
               | human sexuality and romantic dispositions, but what are
               | some of the common driving forces in the background
               | across time and culture? Why are some romantic
               | experiences (e.g. an unreasonable crush on a specific
               | person that fades over time) so common in the general
               | population, and why do these experiences happen and play
               | out in these common ways?
               | 
               | > I think It's more often part of an anti-understanding
               | of higher level cultural phenomenon.
               | 
               | Quite possible, but IMO we shouldn't let popular
               | misunderstandings of science detract from the actual
               | scientific inquiry taking place. A lot of woo
               | spiritualists have repurposed popular misconceptions of
               | quantum mechanics for their own ends, but that doesn't
               | detract from the legitimacy of actual quantum physicists.
        
               | CipherThrowaway wrote:
               | > Quite possible, but IMO we shouldn't let popular
               | misunderstandings of science detract from the actual
               | scientific inquiry taking place.
               | 
               | The idea that articles like this are science _is_ a
               | popular misunderstanding of science. The article is not a
               | scientific work. It 's a pop science piece where an
               | individual scientist promotes her personal philosophies
               | on love to a public audience. Her beliefs may integrate
               | individual scientific facts but that does not make them
               | scientific in themselves.
               | 
               | > Why are some romantic experiences (e.g. an unreasonable
               | crush on a specific person that fades over time) so
               | common in the general population, and why do these
               | experiences happen and play out in these common ways?
               | 
               | Let's say you're feeling anxious before an important
               | exam. Someone notices your anxiety and asks you why
               | you're feeling that way. So you provide a detailed
               | explanation of the neurochemical signalling cascade
               | involved in an acute anxiety response and say that is why
               | you are feeling anxious. Does this answer the question?
               | In a very literal way it does. But it's a useless and
               | incomplete answer. "I'm feeling anxious because I have an
               | important exam coming up" is in many senses more useful
               | and accurate.
               | 
               | Our biology is shaped and acted on by our environment
               | which includes many psychosocial factors. Culture and
               | individual experience are biopsychosocial. Biology is to
               | human behavior what electromagnetism is to computing. You
               | can't build an understanding by considering only the
               | lowest level details.
        
               | selestify wrote:
               | > The article is not a scientific work.
               | 
               | I never said it was. I said it was pop science -- in
               | other words, a highly mangled portrayal of scientific
               | work, made fit for public consumption.
               | 
               | > It's a pop science piece where an individual scientist
               | promotes her personal philosophies on love to a public
               | audience. Her beliefs may integrate individual scientific
               | facts but that does not make them scientific in
               | themselves.
               | 
               | She's promoting the theory that she believes best fits
               | the data. Assuming she's not one of those scientists who
               | fakes her data, that is very much a part of regular
               | scientific discourse. Her theory may very well be wrong,
               | but that doesn't mean she's not being scientific.
               | 
               | Again, I am assuming that the claims she's making are
               | backed by actual data that she's reviewed. Have you
               | reviewed her work and found that this is not in fact the
               | case? If so, I'll cede that to you.
               | 
               | > You can't build an understanding by considering only
               | the lowest level details.
               | 
               | No, but abstractions are leaky. You can't build a full
               | understanding without ignoring the lower level details
               | either, which is what she certainly seems to be doing.
               | 
               | As an example,
               | 
               | > "I'm feeling anxious because I have an important exam
               | coming up" is in many senses more useful and accurate.
               | 
               | If someone notices that you're _always_ anxious, this is
               | likely just your brain rationalizing the exam being the
               | main or most important cause of your anxiety. On its own,
               | it's a perfectly plausible explanation. But in reality,
               | how good of a predictor is the presence of an exam for
               | your mental state?
               | 
               | How good of a predictor for mating preferences is this
               | evo-psych theory? I'm sure the women the author mentioned
               | here have a unique reason for every man they passed on,
               | but were those men by and large bad protectors and low
               | earners? If so, those unique reasons for rejection sound
               | more like post-hoc rationalizations than "real" reasons,
               | and the cause of such biases deserve to be looked into
               | further to ascertain the magnitude of biological or
               | cultural influences.
               | 
               | Unfortunately, as we both note, it's a pop sci article
               | that doesn't contain that much information about the
               | methodology or the results. I'm just saying, just as I
               | can't draw strong conclusions that it's true based on
               | this article itself, I don't believe you can draw strong
               | conclusions that it's bunk and "not science," either.
        
         | adenner wrote:
         | Part of the problem you are having is the English word love is
         | an overloaded term.
        
         | raducu wrote:
         | Surely love has functional meaning, just like all sensations
         | and feelings. Love is one of the most powerful feelings that
         | can bring joy or so much sorrow for some.
         | 
         | Do the biochemical aspects of love matter that much? When it is
         | no longer functional, sure.
         | 
         | Besides, all pleasurable feelings/sensations are "bribes".
         | 
         | Really funny how we make separations about male vs female
         | dating strategy, and they are right to a great degree, but both
         | men and women share a lot of DNA, I don't know if there are
         | many male specific genes.
         | 
         | Sure, all animals are the same and just a few different
         | hormones make a huge difference (male vs female gorilla?) but
         | not to that extent in humans.
         | 
         | Men can be manipulated too when they fall inlove, I wish the
         | article talked about that.
        
           | sanxiyn wrote:
           | Re: sharing DNA. That's like saying why does this same binary
           | behave differently depending on configuration: in other
           | words, non sequitur. It is normal: some female fish is 10x
           | larger than male fish.
        
             | raducu wrote:
             | But there's no need to look into fish or gorillas, as a
             | child I was very different than today.
             | 
             | Hormones, neurotransmitters, all make a big difference,
             | sure.
             | 
             | But humans do not show such a pronounced dimorphism and
             | human minds are extremely complex things, surely the
             | brains/minds of male/female share a lot more than they
             | differ on average.
             | 
             | There are outliers -- like a man pumped with testosterone,
             | a leader's brain flooded with dopamine, an adrenaline
             | junkie, a nymphomaniac and so on, but these are outliers.
             | 
             | My problem is people who take the "men produce billions and
             | billions of sperm and women ovulate once a month, therefore
             | men and women are completely different" -- that's a
             | tendency sure, and there are differences and different
             | drives, but not to the extent people interpret them to be.
        
               | xenocratus wrote:
               | > and there are differences and different drives, but not
               | to the extent people interpret them to be.
               | 
               | Do you have any meaningful data that backs those claims
               | up? I mean, first of all - "not to the extent people
               | interpret them to be" - which people, more precisely, and
               | what's that extent? And secondly, how do you know that
               | it's not to that extent?
               | 
               | Don't want to be pedantic here, but we could be rambling
               | on about how "people say this, but it's actually like
               | that" all day long - show me the numbers, how they were
               | obtained, and your interpretation of them and we can
               | discuss, something like [1], hopefully.
               | 
               | [1] https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/
               | journal...
        
               | hackerfromthefu wrote:
               | Some counterpoints to consider ..
               | 
               | You can get very large differences in computer systems
               | just by flipping one single bit.
               | 
               | Anecdata is not the opposite of anecdata.
               | 
               | But this is all conjecture, if we seek to understand
               | reality instead of just what we imagine, then we need to
               | empirically measure reality.
        
         | msoad wrote:
         | This is about romantic love for reproduction. I feel like a lot
         | of top comments in HN are from people who didn't read the
         | article these days
        
         | selestify wrote:
         | Those other forms of love are fairly different from the sexual,
         | romantic love that the article is focusing on. It's not "reduce
         | all of this" to sexual interaction, it's focusing on romantic
         | love instead of conflating it with other love.
         | 
         | > It's a common thing with these evo-psych explanations. If all
         | you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail.
         | 
         | If everything in reality is made from nails, then it makes
         | sense to look for the hammer that hammered it in. Everything in
         | human psychology was in fact molded through evolution, so of
         | course it makes sense to look to evolution for potential
         | answers.
         | 
         | > For example the fact that oxytocin is apparently indicative
         | of how long a relationsihp lasts.
         | 
         | If a culture artificially forces relationships to last by, say,
         | heavily stigmatizing divorce, then of course that's going to
         | override the "natural" course of events. That hardly means
         | there isn't useful information to be gleaned from our
         | biological nature in situations where such artificial forces
         | are not in force. (Or you could argue, where different
         | artificial forces are in force.)
        
           | polypodiopsi wrote:
           | The appeal of theories like these to a lot of people is that
           | they are quite simple to understand. Has also to do with that
           | in a society where all subjectivity is informed by the
           | valueform everything seems to appear as a market. And isn't
           | it flattering to be part of the group that has access to the
           | hegemony of scientific knowledge? Probably. You can thus
           | think about why you re conditioned to find ideas like these
           | appealing. Or why a popularscientific enterprise (the authors
           | book in the article wich is basically advertisement and as
           | such partaking in libidinal economy) emphasises these aspects
           | and reserves the position of "exception to the rule" to
           | cutting edge research on neuroplasticity.
        
           | PuppyTailWags wrote:
           | > Everything in human psychology was in fact molded through
           | evolution, so of course it makes sense to look to evolution
           | for potential answers.
           | 
           | I disagree with the sense that evolution has answers to begin
           | with, or that everything in human psychology can be assumed
           | to be touched by evolution. Sometimes weird shit happens and
           | it doesn't prevent you from fucking so it sticks and there's
           | no greater purpose to it.
           | 
           | I feel this understanding of evolution ascribes too much
           | anthropomorphism to the phenomenon.
        
             | adamsmith143 wrote:
             | >Sometimes weird shit happens and it doesn't prevent you
             | from fucking so it sticks and there's no greater purpose to
             | it.
             | 
             | That's how you end up with random maladaptive mutations.
             | But they aren't distributed across a species.
             | 
             | You don't end up with near universal traits in a species
             | without them being molded by evolutionary pressures.
        
           | agumonkey wrote:
           | wild theory, sometimes I have this feeling that divorce is
           | badly seen because
           | 
           | 1) people jump between partners too often when free, it's
           | easier but maybe less deep
           | 
           | 2) family stability is important, and noble (it's a hard
           | compromise but others complicated things are important and
           | noble)
           | 
           | 3) in the past social, family and intimate stability were
           | probably a lot more important than today, so we inherited
           | that perspective, even though today we may care less
           | 
           | ps: saying this I understand perfectly how human
           | relationship, marriage are complex, volatile and how no one
           | wants to rot in a bad relationship. :)
        
             | einpoklum wrote:
             | > 3) in the past social, family and intimate stability were
             | probably a lot more important than today
             | 
             | Many past societies did not have atomic families like we do
             | today.
             | 
             | In fact, even couple-marriage is not _that_ old (several
             | thousands of years)? I remember reading about this stuff in
             | "Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State",
             | which, while somewhat dated (125 years ago or so?) is quite
             | interesting. Matrilineal societies, group marriage (i.e.
             | being 'married' to all people in a certain category so that
             | if you travel to another village you have people in your
             | 'family' or 'marriage group' there even if you've never met
             | them) and other arrangements.
        
               | buscoquadnary wrote:
               | > "Origin of the Family, Private Property and the State"
               | 
               | By Fredrick Engles, known most popularly when associated
               | with his co-author Karl Marx. Who among their many
               | philisophical ideas advocated things such as
               | 
               | - "All history is class warfare"
               | 
               | - Dialectical materialism that proved to be so wrong no
               | one even knows about it anymore.
               | 
               | - Or my personal favorite that the communist revolution
               | would come first to the most capitalist countries, when
               | in fact the only countries that fell to communism were
               | backward feudal societies or those that had communism
               | forced on them by the Soviet Union.
               | 
               | My point if your source of information is Engles then I'd
               | suggest checking out some resources from people haven't
               | been quite so thoroughly eviscerated by actual reality
               | when their ideas were put to any sort of test.
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | > _In fact, even couple-marriage is not _that_ old
               | (several thousands of years)?_
               | 
               | Cities and written language and written laws and such are
               | not that old either...
               | 
               | What was the case in some earlier societies shouldn't be
               | a yardstick...
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | Even without the social contract. First time I held
               | someone in my arms I had visions of life long
               | companionship. Not everybody is wired this way but it's
               | often programmed deep down inside of us. Marriage is just
               | the social incarnation of that feeling IMO.
               | 
               | Also some people say that a lot of animals have similar
               | emotional/biological needs. It's not just a matter of
               | homo-* history it seems.
        
               | einpoklum wrote:
               | > Even without the social contract. First time I held
               | someone in my arms I had visions of life long
               | companionship
               | 
               | I would assume you were brought up in a modern cultural
               | environment. That means your view of the world, your
               | values, your expectations, your fantasies - are shaped by
               | that upbringing.
               | 
               | So, your feelings are not good evidence that this is
               | "programmed deep down inside of us".
        
               | throwaheyy wrote:
               | Are you claiming that a desire for companionship with
               | another human being is purely a modern social construct?
               | 
               | That seems a ... bizarre opinion. Until
               | industrialization, human relationships were directly tied
               | to survival.
        
               | einpoklum wrote:
               | I claimed no such thing...
               | 
               | And, in fact you're making the point even more strongly,
               | in that you seem to identify lifelong, formal, monogamous
               | pairing with the potential for human companionship.
        
               | BigRedDog1669 wrote:
               | I'm not saying that there isn't something biological or
               | authentic to it, but you probably saw a bunch of Disney
               | movies and a bunch of other cultural messaging when you
               | were a child that helped prime you to have this response.
        
               | rackjack wrote:
               | Reminds me of this image:
               | 
               | https://i.redd.it/lr5rfu3paen61.jpg
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | I always have a big problem with this argument. To me the
               | social protocol take roots in the emotional thus the
               | biological. It's not really propaganda, it's self
               | amplified reflection.
        
             | coldtea wrote:
             | > _ps: saying this I understand perfectly how human
             | relationship, marriage are complex, volatile and how no one
             | wants to rot in a bad relationship. :)_
             | 
             | There's a difference between "no one wants to rot in a bad
             | relationship" and "no one wants to put the effort and time
             | to make a relationship work", though.
             | 
             | And while a number of divorces are because of the first,
             | another number is because of the latter.
             | 
             | Now, a question would be "So? Why shouldn't people just
             | jump ship, even if they're just frivolous/bored/have short
             | relationship attention spans/etc?"
             | 
             | And an answer would be, "Well, look at our modern
             | relationship landscape. Does these trends work out well for
             | us? Is yes, then fine..."
        
               | jsnodlin wrote:
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | > There's a difference between "no one wants to rot in a
               | bad relationship" and "no one wants to put the effort and
               | time to make a relationship work", though.
               | 
               | This is a very timely question. There are a few topics
               | about how easy our lives should be, how much effort is
               | considered normal. And beyond efforts, the skills to know
               | when, what and how to apply them to avoid just struggling
               | 24/7.
        
               | dahfizz wrote:
               | There is a certain level of arrogance in looking at how
               | fundamentally important the family unit is for all of
               | human history, and then deciding that this generation
               | knows better than the billions who came before us and
               | that marriage / family / kids is a sham.
               | 
               | And shockingly, depression and anxiety is on the rise, we
               | have a "loneliness epidemic", etc because people can't
               | seem to fill that void.
        
               | chc wrote:
               | If that were how it worked, we'd expect Utah (the state
               | with the lowest divorce rate) to have very low levels of
               | depression and anxiety compared to the rest of the US.
               | That is not what we see. I don't think it's realistic to
               | say that the alienation of modern society is because we
               | allow divorce.
        
               | throwaheyy wrote:
               | Not a valid conclusion -- you're not controlling for all
               | other factors that contribute to happiness, such as
               | weather, social environment, local opportunities etc.
        
               | chc wrote:
               | Definitely feel free to do all that work if you think
               | there's a case to make. While I agree it's not an
               | exhaustive analysis, I think it's much more rigorous than
               | the comment it was meant to refute.
        
               | agumonkey wrote:
               | We could argue that modern technology-oriented cultures
               | are even stretching the social fabric.
               | 
               | I'm nobody but it seems that survival made most mammals
               | social, but we don't owe our survival to the group now,
               | but to a blurry and large system. So why bother with
               | people when I can swipe for all my needs /s
               | 
               | But the thing is, as an ex introvert I can understand,
               | dealing with people is not easy. Just like dealing with
               | love, intimacy, marriage, existence is not easy. But we
               | used to try to find solutions of better quality. Not just
               | "i'm out".
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | "There's a difference between "no one wants to rot in a
               | bad relationship" and "no one wants to put the effort and
               | time to make a relationship work", though."
               | 
               | I am not sure, if I understand you right, but you seem to
               | romantize the old version of marriage relationships.
               | 
               | Well, as far as I know, they had only very rarely
               | something to do with love, but rather with violence and
               | domination and "making the relationship work" meant
               | beating the wife to submission. And one of the written
               | duties of a wife were sex, whether they wanted, or not,
               | so basically rape.
               | 
               | And the thought of leaving an abusive partner was
               | considered sin, with real punishment (sometimes torture
               | to death) for making those thoughts real.
               | 
               | It has not been even so long ago, that these laws were
               | abolished in the west. And to my knowledge, they still
               | exist de facto (or even de jure) in many parts of the
               | world.
               | 
               | The only reason I can think of, of "making a relationship
               | work", is when there are already kids, who need
               | stability. Then both adults should get their act together
               | and work it out like responsible, mature people. But in
               | the cases I have witnessed, the children usually were
               | acting more mature, than their parents.
        
               | dahfizz wrote:
               | I'm not sure how you made the leap from "lasting
               | relationships require work" ---> "lasting relationships
               | are inherently abusive and rapey".
               | 
               | All relationships require upkeep. If you never make any
               | time for a friend, the friendship deteriorates. You need
               | to make time for each other and show each other that you
               | care.
               | 
               | The fact that you see this as abusive is perhaps
               | revealing why marriage and lasting relationships are at
               | an all time low.
        
               | hutzlibu wrote:
               | And I do not know, how you made the leap from traditional
               | (forced) marriages I was specifically talking about - to
               | any relationship.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | chottocharaii wrote:
           | I think this is overly reductive of the types of things that
           | can result from darwinian forces
        
           | raducu wrote:
           | > If everything in reality is made from nails, then it makes
           | sense to look for the hammer that hammered it in. Everything
           | in human psychology was in fact molded through evolution, so
           | of course it makes sense to look to evolution for potential
           | answers.
           | 
           | What is the question and what are the possible answers? What
           | difference would it make in our morals?
           | 
           | That sounds like the reverse of the good old "Well, if God
           | does not exist, why don't you just kill random people, then?"
           | 
           | Anger and violence and rape and murder, are all bilogical and
           | evolutionary based. So what?
           | 
           | > "If a culture artificially forces relationships to last by,
           | say, heavily stigmatizing divorce, then of course that's
           | going to override the "natural" course of events.
           | 
           | See the above argument, it changes nothing. And by the way,
           | divorce is more normalized than ever and divorce rates are
           | falling in the developed world.
           | 
           | On the countrary, if lustful love is just a chemical process
           | that eventually wears off, you're better off not divorcing.
           | If love was this astral magestic thing, then sure, divorce
           | and pursue it.
           | 
           | People have this idea "yeah, but back then, there was no
           | marriage and both men and women could just fuck arround".
           | 
           | Sure, some people did just like today, but back then, we
           | lived in small groups, a coule hundred individuals, the
           | opportunities to fuck around were not as great as today and
           | there was no anonymity as today.
           | 
           | I've been 20 pumped with testosterone. Was it not for my
           | religious education and moral sense, I would probably have
           | slept with a lot more women. Between age 20-35 I think I only
           | cried 3 times, when my grandparents died.
           | 
           | As my testosterone levels are declining, my emotions are
           | coming back.
           | 
           | I'm still the same biological organism, evolution did not
           | intend one course or the other. I just find a lot of
           | satisfaction now from family life.
           | 
           | There is no contradiction or dilema for me. I do not feel
           | oppressed by society or morals or biology.
        
             | amanaplanacanal wrote:
             | > And by the way, divorce is more normalized than ever and
             | divorce rates are falling in the developed world.
             | 
             | I think people are dealing with the issue on the other end,
             | by just not getting married in the first place.
        
               | raducu wrote:
               | Some people, sure, but I'm willing to bet it's not
               | because they want to to more easily dump the other
               | person. Most of them, at least.
        
               | dahfizz wrote:
               | Why else would you avoid marriage, then?
        
               | hackerfromthefu wrote:
               | Avoiding getting your assets stripped?
        
               | dahfizz wrote:
               | That feels like a variation on "they want to more easily
               | dump the other person."
        
               | thatcat wrote:
               | The other person could dump you and still result in loss
               | of assets.
        
             | selestify wrote:
             | > What is the question and what are the possible answers?
             | What difference would it make in our morals?
             | 
             | Who said anything about morals here? The questions are, why
             | do we feel the way we do, and why do our feelings make us
             | act the way we do? Evo-psych gives some ways of possibly
             | answering that. How we got here is largely independent of
             | where we want to go from here.
             | 
             | > There is no contradiction or dilema for me. I do not feel
             | oppressed by society or morals or biology.
             | 
             | I honestly don't know what the rest of your comment has
             | anything to do with any of what the article is talking
             | about. When did the article bring up any contradictions?
        
         | hoseja wrote:
         | >one's nation, one's profession, even God
         | 
         | Those are cases of institutions hijacking the mechanism of
         | love.
        
           | bencollier49 wrote:
           | If someone wanted to bulldoze your home town to build a
           | nuclear reactor, you'd be upset, right? That said, there are
           | different sorts of love. The Greeks had many words for it.
           | We're impoverished in that regard.
        
           | blowski wrote:
           | If such institutions have successfully hijacked love pretty
           | much universally for much of human history, then it's worth
           | saying they're connected.
        
         | golemotron wrote:
         | > It's at best uninformative, at worst nonsensical to try to
         | reduce all of this to interaction found in sexual interaction /
         | reproduction.
         | 
         | Understanding doesn't have to lead to disenchantment. Getting
         | yourself into the frame of mind where you feel the wonder of
         | things is worthwhile for topics like this, science and
         | religion.
         | 
         | Disenchantment is a choice and it comes from saying "X is
         | `just' Y." We don't have to minimize things when people point
         | out their aspects.
        
           | mLuby wrote:
           | Well-said.
           | 
           | Airplanes are relatively straightforward machines. Computers
           | just do trivial math and logic very fast. Listening to Bach
           | in a cathedral is just hearing metal tubes vibrating air in
           | an artificial cave.
           | 
           | But if you've never stopped and wondered that you're
           | "partaking in the miracle of human flight"[1] or that the
           | block of metal and sand in your desk lets you see loved ones
           | across time and space, or that countless people worked for
           | ages so you could experience the music and art in that
           | building, well you're missing out.
           | 
           | Humans are lucky that we experience both understanding and
           | awe.
           | 
           | [1] https://youtu.be/b3dYS7PcAG4 (CW:LCK)
        
         | scotty79 wrote:
         | Or maybe just word love is so vague and general and used in so
         | many unrelated contexts that it's not useful when people attept
         | to explain anything.
         | 
         | And whenever somebody talks about something useful they
         | discovered using word love, arguments like yours crop up.
        
       | hnthrowaway0315 wrote:
       | When I was young, I always wondered if LOVE is just a biological
       | reaction to some chemical substance secreted by the brain when
       | you meet someone you like. And of course after failing multiple
       | times to "help" the brains of girls I liked to secret such
       | substance, I quickly retreated to the safe haven of computer
       | world and never thought about it.
       | 
       | Now I read the article and wonder the same question: Is there a
       | way to recreate the experience of love by agitating the brain to
       | secret certain chemical substances?
        
         | andruby wrote:
         | > Is there a way to recreate the experience of love by
         | agitating the brain to secret certain chemical substances?
         | 
         | Yes. But I really don't think you want to go there.
        
         | jarpschop wrote:
         | People would get hooked to that worse than heroin lol. I
         | recently fell for a girl and being without her definitely felt
         | like having abstinence syndrome. I was obsessively and
         | relentlessly thinking about her every waking second.
        
           | hnthrowaway0315 wrote:
           | haha good luck man, you are having fun~~
           | 
           | yeah agreed with the addiction things.
        
         | meowface wrote:
         | Oxytocin nasal sprays may be able to temporarily induce a
         | portion of this feeling, for some.
        
         | ciphol wrote:
         | That idea is called "aphrodisiacs". Many have been tried
         | throughout history but I don't think any of them really work.
        
           | hnthrowaway0315 wrote:
           | I guess we are still at the bottom of things. There is a lot
           | to be researched by the intelligent human. I believe humans
           | are essentially machines that can be predicted (to certain
           | precision) given enough research and computing power.
        
         | kirsebaer wrote:
         | Try MDMA.
        
       | LeroyRaz wrote:
       | What a mess.
       | 
       | A) you are your brain chemistry. It makes no difference to the
       | nature of love that you can point to chemical mechanisms.
       | 
       | B) It is easier to cooperate between people with asymmetric wants
       | and offers, as you a far more likely to have a mutually
       | beneficial trade. It is rubbish to say that somehow building a
       | relationship with someone of the other gender is harder, or
       | evolutionarily more 'advanced'
       | 
       | This reads like someone just using the credibility of research
       | (which may or may not be credible) to put forwards their only
       | slightly related pet philosophising.
       | 
       | I feel this is actually doing a disservice to the wider community
       | of those who try and discuss and study e.g. evolutionary motives,
       | or gender differences, by being full of so much dross.
        
       | deweywsu wrote:
        
       | techer wrote:
       | "Slavoj Zizek: Love is evil"
       | 
       | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=hg7qdowoemo
        
         | dahart wrote:
         | I didn't follow any of that, it didn't make any sense at all,
         | but he sure is entertaining to watch, and like totally adorable
         | somehow. I'd have to speculate that he is using the words
         | "love" and "evil" to mean very different things than anyone
         | else using those words.
         | 
         | Who is this guy? I've seen a few other links to videos of him
         | flying into outer space on other topics posted on HN recently.
         | I just went and read a bit of his Wikipedia page, so I see he's
         | a philosopher, but I don't know what the abstract terms
         | materialism and Hegelian idealism and Lancanian psychoanalysis
         | mean. Is there a less abstract way to understand his position,
         | or important philosophical contributions he's made that would
         | help me understand him or his ideas on love?
        
           | robocat wrote:
           | Try: https://iep.utm.edu/zizek/
           | 
           | He is interesting and from the little I know he says some
           | useful things, however I suspect you really need to spend
           | some effort to understand his philosophy before you can
           | understand a stand-alone video of him. The "Love is Evil"
           | video on its surface certainly seems just like nonsense to me
           | too.
        
           | ksarw wrote:
           | I used to watch some of Zizek's videos, though I hadn't seen
           | the one that was linked until now. I'm no student of
           | philosophy though, just a casual viewer so I don't think I
           | can help much in answering your questions. I will say that he
           | is definitely using uncommon definitions of the words "love"
           | and "evil" as far as I can tell. As to who is this guy, I
           | personally would recommend this video if you are trying to
           | get a better sense of his thoughts as it is relatively clear
           | and covers a large number of stances (the analogy at 7:15 is
           | quite amusing): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_x0eyNkNpL0
           | 
           | On a side note, I am pleased though that you find him
           | entertaining to watch regardless. I find it disappointing
           | when people take speakers like Zizek too seriously; I think
           | even if 80% of what is said is not insightful/intelligible,
           | the occasional grain of truth can be very much worth it.
        
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