[HN Gopher] Blockfi agrees to pay $100M in penalties and pursue ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Blockfi agrees to pay $100M in penalties and pursue registration
        
       Author : mrpatiwi
       Score  : 217 points
       Date   : 2022-02-14 16:43 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.sec.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.sec.gov)
        
       | jonathan-adly wrote:
       | 1. This is a PR win for the SEC. It can now go to congress and
       | say, see, we are working with Crypto companies! (while they
       | really aren't, not in good faith anyway).
       | 
       | 2. This is a win for Blockfi. Like other mentions, they gave
       | their business a legal veneer for the sum for $100m. If you are
       | of the opinion that all Cryptos and related companies are scams.
       | Guess what? The SEC disagrees.
       | 
       | 3. The same product (even better actually) is done via DeFi.
       | That's where the real battle will be with major implications on
       | the Ethereum ecosystem (or whatever Dapp blockchain you prefer).
        
         | ProjectArcturis wrote:
         | Definitely not a win for BlockFi. Definitely not an endorsement
         | of crypto by the SEC. As part of the settlement, BlockFi had to
         | agree to stop doing all that illegal stuff.
         | 
         | "To settle the SEC's charges, BlockFi agreed to pay a $50
         | million penalty, cease its unregistered offers and sales of the
         | lending product, BlockFi Interest Accounts (BIAs), and attempt
         | to bring its business within the provisions of the Investment
         | Company Act within 60 days."
        
           | managerclass wrote:
           | > BlockFi had to agree to stop doing all that illegal stuff
           | 
           | Have they though?
           | 
           | From Blockfi:
           | 
           | "As part of the resolution, existing U.S. BlockFi Interest
           | Account (BIA) clients will maintain their accounts and
           | receive interest as they always have, but cannot add new
           | assets to their accounts as of today, February 14, 2022.
           | Further, U.S. persons will not be able to open new BIAs.
           | Following completion of the SEC registration process for
           | BlockFi Yield, BIAs of U.S. clients will be exchanged for
           | BlockFi Yield, unless a client instructs BlockFi otherwise.
           | BIAs of BlockFi clients outside of the U.S. are not subject
           | to today's resolution."
           | 
           | Sounds like existing accounts can continue to function and
           | accrue interest but no addition new users or assets can be
           | deposited until they get SEC approval.
        
         | babyshake wrote:
         | > The same product (even better actually) is done via DeFi.
         | That's where the real battle will be with major implications on
         | the Ethereum ecosystem (or whatever Dapp blockchain you
         | prefer).
         | 
         | The US gov could require teams based in the US to require KYC
         | in their apps for US citizens. And they can require US citizens
         | to only use apps with KYC. But can they really do much beyond
         | that?
        
       | yrral wrote:
       | Here is SEC commissioner Hester Peirce's dissenting opinion:
       | 
       | https://www.sec.gov/news/statement/peirce-blockfi-20220214
       | 
       | Essentially she says that while they did misrepresent the over
       | collateralization, a 100m fine is too much since they did fulfill
       | their end of the loans.
       | 
       | Additionally, she says that the categorization this stuff as
       | securities is not effective. US consumers want interest on their
       | crypto-assets now, but with companies having to jump through
       | complicated SEC hoops this type of product will not be available
       | in the near future (or maybe never available); not because of
       | "customer protection" issues but because of sec over-regulation
       | issues.
        
         | Comevius wrote:
         | She always gives a partisan, anti-regulation opinion in these.
         | She says that cryptocurrencies need new rules, but she never
         | elaborates. She wants to keep the barrier of entry low while
         | having meaningful protection for customers. Without regulation
         | or oversight. How? Nobody knows. She doesn't either.
        
         | kkielhofner wrote:
         | In the rotating door that is regulators and the industries they
         | regulate she's going to end up at a crypto company.
        
       | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
       | Good. Now, please, unravel this Tether fraud.
        
         | anonporridge wrote:
         | Also the Ethereum unregistered security fraud.
        
           | aaaaaaaaata wrote:
           | What was/is(?) fraudulent about it, from the perspective of a
           | single citizen who invested?
        
             | anonporridge wrote:
             | I never said fraudulent. Just an unregistered security,
             | which is potentially illegal because the Ethereum
             | foundation that sold and profited off the initial premined
             | tokens to the public without proper disclosure required of
             | a legal security sale.
             | 
             | The result is that we now have no idea how much insider
             | trading actually went on in that premine sale. For example,
             | it could be the case that most Ethereum is secretly
             | controlled by a tiny, tightly knit cabal of people who
             | collude to pump up the price to a false valuation. If this
             | were true, it would be incredibly problematic with their
             | planned transition to proof of stake, because a tiny number
             | of people would effectively have full control over the fate
             | of the protocol and all the money outsiders hold in ETH.
        
               | sincerely wrote:
               | Ok, you didn't call it fraudulent, you called it fraud -
               | is that not a distinction without a difference?
        
               | anonporridge wrote:
               | Ah, I did. Apologies.
               | 
               | I should not have conflated my personal feelings with it
               | with the facts of its suspicious and unverifiable initial
               | distribution.
        
       | AviationAtom wrote:
       | I had a hunch some action of this sort was coming down the
       | pipeline. The problem is that so many of these companies give the
       | appearance of being fully law-abiding companies, but there isn't
       | necessarily an easy to check that.
       | 
       | I found it somewhat alarming that people proclaimed that 9% APY
       | interest could be made, in such a way that it implied no risk, in
       | much the same way cash in an FDIC-insured bank account is well-
       | protected.
       | 
       | I think much of this is moving so fast that it's going to take
       | some time before the offerings really come close to offering the
       | same level of safety one finds with an FDIC-insured bank account.
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | What irritates me about this is it has to be sold as a "security"
       | and a crypto bank account is completely out of the question.
       | 
       | If you're putting your money in your bank, and they're loaning it
       | out, is that now a security?
        
       | maerF0x0 wrote:
       | Good for the SEC and for BlockFi for keeping these kinds of
       | things in the public purview. I hate how the FDA has so little
       | teeth, comparatively.
       | 
       | Eg: https://peckford42.wordpress.com/2021/10/05/pfizer-
       | covering-...
        
         | arcticbull wrote:
         | It's just too bad that the SEC's fines are small enough that
         | companies can absorb them. Feels more like they're getting
         | their beaks wet. They need to impose significantly higher
         | penalties and even dissolve the business if appropriate.
        
           | duxup wrote:
           | Provided we're not talking about an economy crashing act.
           | Fines probably should be lower than "can't absorb them".
           | 
           | The prospect of the SEC crashing every rando company with
           | fines isn't great. Lotta people hurt who had nothing to do
           | with it.
           | 
           | I worked at a company that pulled some illegal stuff with
           | backdating stock awards and so on. CEO actually went to jail.
           | I'm glad I still had a job and the company rolled on, our
           | customers were probably happy too.
        
             | maerF0x0 wrote:
             | I think by "absorb" the poster meant "Pay the fine and
             | still make a profit from the fine inducing activity"
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | Thanks! Yes, that's exactly what I meant.
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | capableweb wrote:
       | Interesting to read BlockFi's own statement about the event:
       | https://blockfi.com/regulatory-developments/
       | 
       | No mention of the fine at all, and instead framed as "first SEC
       | registered crypto interest-bearing security" (from BlockFi's
       | page) rather than "[BlockFi] failing to register the offers and
       | sales of its retail crypto lending product" and "the SEC also
       | charged BlockFi with violating the registration provisions of the
       | Investment Company Act of 1940" (both quotes from the SEC
       | statement).
       | 
       | BlockFi also doesn't mention the "false and misleading statement
       | for more than two years on its website" part that the SEC
       | highlights, and instead says "Both the SEC and state-level
       | agreements contain no admission or denial of wrongdoing or
       | liability."
       | 
       | Going to be interesting to see how the space develops moving
       | forward. Hopefully companies that continue to mislead people will
       | eventually disappear, or at least not be this popular among the
       | masses.
        
         | pm90 wrote:
         | They won't. The desire for making a quick buck is too strong.
         | The avalanche of marketing around crypto is going to lead many
         | gullible people to "invest" in crypto and lose their money.
         | 
         | Unless regulators shut them down or expose them quite clearly
         | as mlm/ frauds I suspect this isn't going to stop.
        
           | capableweb wrote:
           | > Unless regulators shut them down or expose them quite
           | clearly as mlm/ frauds I suspect this isn't going to stop.
           | 
           | It seems, based on this action that the SEC just went through
           | with, that things like BlockFi are not "clearly MLM / fraud"
           | as you say, as otherwise they would indeed try to get them
           | shutdown, not just slap a tiny fine on them.
        
             | cuteboy19 wrote:
             | The SEC doesn't do MLMs. Herbalife and Lularoe operate in
             | broad daylight. The US has always been very kind to such
             | scams
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > The SEC doesn't do MLMs.
               | 
               | It does if they are selling securities (either as their
               | main business or securities for their business).
               | 
               | The FTC does regular MLMs.
               | 
               | > Herbalife and Lularoe operate in broad daylight.
               | 
               | Herbalife was restructured to settle a pyramid-scheme
               | lawsuit by the FTC. [0] And subsequently also settled a
               | lawsuit from the SEC. [1]
               | 
               | LulaRoe has managed not to be sued by the FTC, but that
               | seems mostly to be because that process is complaint
               | driven and the complaints have instead either gone to
               | state regulators or directly into private lawsuits;
               | LulaRoe has a pile of direct- and class-action lawsuits
               | from distributors, settled a State of Washington lawsuit
               | for $4.75 million, has been sued by it's main supplier,
               | etc.
               | 
               | [0]
               | https://www.consumer.ftc.gov/blog/2016/07/restructured-
               | herba...
               | 
               | [1] https://www.forbes.com/sites/lisettevoytko/2019/09/27
               | /herbal...
        
         | vinniejames wrote:
        
           | ivalm wrote:
           | Did they offer an unregulated security where there is a
           | chance to lose principle to unsophisticated retail investor
           | which is well known to be illegal? The answer to that is yes.
        
             | latchkey wrote:
             | Their site has always been very clear on the risks
             | involved.
             | 
             | "Digital currency is not legal tender, is not backed by the
             | government, and crypto accounts held with BlockFi are not
             | subject to FDIC or SIPC protections. Digital currency
             | values are not static and fluctuate due to market changes."
             | 
             | What I think has never been clear is how they were able to
             | manage the risk of their lending practices, in order to
             | provide the big APYs.
        
               | skybrian wrote:
               | I'm not sure how disclosure makes it not an unregistered
               | security?
        
               | matkoniecz wrote:
               | Page 9 of the PDF of the actual order (linked on the page
               | under "SEC Order") explains how BlockFi made misleading
               | claims:
               | 
               | > From March 2019 through August 2021, BlockFi
               | misrepresented on its website that its institutional
               | loans were "typically" over-collateralized, when in fact,
               | most institutional loans were not.
               | 
               | (copy of https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30335113 )
        
           | w_TF wrote:
           | The source(s) of the yield they were promising were extremely
           | dubious and unsafe, the same can be said for Celsius.
           | 
           | When they tell you your crypto is being lent to
           | "institutional investors" what they really mean to say is
           | they're gambling with your crypto in defi protocols, and you
           | can see this happening on-chain.
        
           | matthewdgreen wrote:
           | >Did they fail to make interest payments as promised? Did
           | they advertise an interest rate the they didn't fulfill?
           | 
           | You could say more or less the same thing about Bernie
           | Madoff's fund, at least right up until the end. I'm not
           | saying that BlockFi is doing anything wrong here, but simply
           | having good results for a while in a bull market doesn't make
           | everything magically ok.
        
             | Animats wrote:
             | Exactly. Ponzi schemes deliver high interest rates, paid
             | for by later investors. Until they don't, because the
             | invested capital is gone.
             | 
             | There's are too many of those in the crypto space.
        
               | babyshake wrote:
               | BlockFi and apps offering 7-8% interest on stablecoins
               | aren't themselves likely to be ponzi schemes. If these
               | "USDT isn't backed by anything" predictions come to pass,
               | then they are part of a ponzi scheme. FWIW I think it is
               | very unlikely that this prediction is true.
        
           | arcticbull wrote:
           | Shkrelli made all his 'victims' whole too, and still ended up
           | in prison. The law takes a dim view of the whole 'ends
           | justifying the means' thing.
        
           | lottin wrote:
           | > Answer to all is, no, they didn't.
           | 
           | Exactly. The $100M fine was for double parking.
        
           | capableweb wrote:
           | Here is the full quote from the SEC statement (in case you
           | missed it when you read the statement):
           | 
           | > The order also finds that BlockFi made a false and
           | misleading statement for more than two years on its website
           | concerning the level of risk in its loan portfolio and
           | lending activity.
           | 
           | > Without admitting or denying the SEC's findings, BlockFi
           | agreed to a cease-and-desist order prohibiting it from
           | violating the registration and antifraud provisions of the
           | Securities Act and the registration provisions of the
           | Investment Company Act. BlockFi also agreed to cease offering
           | or selling BIAs in the United States.
        
             | vinniejames wrote:
        
               | capableweb wrote:
               | I'm not 100% sure, as I don't work for the SEC and don't
               | have any special insights into this case.
               | 
               | But I'll make a guess and say that they probably
               | downplayed the risks in one way or another on their
               | website, compared to statements made to the SEC. Let's
               | say they say "It's risk-free!" on their website while in
               | a statement to the SEC they say "There is a small risk
               | customer lose their funds if X happens".
        
               | vinniejames wrote:
        
               | davidgerard wrote:
               | > The order finds that BIAs are securities under
               | applicable law
        
               | capableweb wrote:
               | It's not just about misleading claims, but also that
               | BlockFi broke regulations by doing "unregistered offers
               | and sales of the lending product" and "operated for more
               | than 18 months as an unregistered investment company".
               | 
               | In other words, BlockFi failed to do the bare minimum to
               | run a financial investment service, and are now getting
               | punished for it. That doesn't sound like a overreach to
               | me.
               | 
               | And yeah, in general, laws are usually interpreted
               | subjectively, as laws usually give some wiggle-room to
               | make sure it covers enough ground without having to write
               | 1000 pages about every single edge-case.
        
               | toolz wrote:
               | If you follow crypto regulatory clarity with even the
               | smallest curiosity you'll find these crypto companies are
               | _begging_ the SEC and IRS to be more clear so they can
               | comply to existing laws.
               | 
               | This hugely successful company wants to exist legally and
               | understand the laws that apply to them. This much has
               | been obvious for a long time now.
        
               | shafyy wrote:
               | > _The SEC simply wants to expand their regulatory power
               | outside of what they are permitted to do and is flexing
               | on a big player for the media attention._
               | 
               | No, they are not. The SEC's goal is to protect consumers
               | and the general public, and like most other regulatory
               | agencies, have been doing a good job at it.
               | 
               | I feel like there is a growing distrust in the government
               | (at least in the US) and this is not a good thing. If you
               | don't like what the SEC is doing, get involved in a
               | democractic way (voting, organizing, etc.) and change it.
        
               | shrikant wrote:
               | What sort of "intellectual DDoS" is this -- reeks of
               | disingenuity.
               | 
               | Page 9 of the PDF of the actual order (linked on the page
               | under "SEC Order") explains how BlockFi made misleading
               | claims:
               | 
               | > From March 2019 through August 2021, BlockFi
               | misrepresented on its website that its institutional
               | loans were "typically" over-collateralized, when in fact,
               | most institutional loans were not. Accordingly, although
               | BlockFi made other disclosures on its website concerning
               | its risk management practices, BIA investors did not have
               | complete and accurate information with which to evaluate
               | the risk that, in the event of defaults by BlockFi's
               | institutional borrowers, BlockFi would be unable to
               | comply with its obligation to pay BIA investors the
               | stated interest rates or return the loaned crypto assets
               | to investors upon demand. This false and misleading
               | statement was in the offer and sale of BIAs, and as such
               | was in the offer and sale of securities.
        
               | coffeefirst wrote:
               | I'm guessing you don't know a whole lot of people who
               | work in government.
               | 
               | They do not value media attention. They're not
               | politicians, and that's not how any of this works.
        
               | smoe wrote:
               | > 22. BlockFi made a material misrepresentation to BIA
               | investors concerning the level of risk in its loan
               | portfolio. Beginning at the time of the BIA launch on
               | March 4, 2019 and continuing to August 31, 2021, BlockFi
               | made a statement in multiple website posts that its
               | institutional loans were "typically" over-collateralized,
               | when in fact, most institutional loans were not. When
               | BlockFi began offering the BIA investment, it intended to
               | require over-collateralization on a majority of its loans
               | to institutional investors, but it quickly became
               | apparent that large institutional investors were
               | frequently not willing to post large amounts of
               | collateral to secure their loans. Approximately 24% of
               | institutional crypto asset loans made in 2019 were
               | overcollateralized; in 2020 approximately 16% were over-
               | collateralized; and in 2021 (through June 30, 2021)
               | approximately 17% were over-collateralized. As a result,
               | BlockFi's statement materially overstated the degree to
               | which it secured protection from defaults by
               | institutional borrowers through collateral. Through
               | operational oversight, BlockFi's personnel failed to take
               | steps to update the website statement to accurately
               | reflect the fact that most institutional loans were not
               | over-collateralized
               | 
               | https://www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/2022/33-11029.pdf
        
               | davidgerard wrote:
               | https://www.sec.gov/litigation/admin/2022/33-11029.pdf
        
         | f0e4c2f7 wrote:
         | Crypto to me reads increasingly like classical finance as time
         | goes by. The parallel here is that banks lobby against new
         | regulation, then once the regulation exists as a moat, they
         | lobby to keep the regulation.
         | 
         | I'm sure the 100M fine didn't feel great but unless it
         | bankrupts the company I doubt that BlockFi would want to go
         | backwards now. For the low price of 100M they now have a map of
         | how to legally do business in the space, in a way that is now
         | much scarier to any would be new entrants.
         | 
         | At its most optimistic I think crypto is trying to avoid some
         | of these regulatory rube goldberg value extraction machines.
         | Maybe it will in some spots, but you can see too where it may
         | also just reinvent them.
        
           | capableweb wrote:
           | > Crypto to me reads increasingly like classical finance as
           | time goes by. The parallel here is that banks lobby against
           | new regulation, then once the regulation exists as a moat,
           | they lobby to keep the regulation.
           | 
           | If you focus on the centralized institituions like
           | cryptocurrency<>centralized currencies exchanges, or
           | centralized lending platforms, then yeah, they sure get
           | closer and closer to classical finance (except being based
           | around decentralized platforms).
           | 
           | But if you look at actual cryptocurrencies, without focusing
           | on the exchanges or any other centralized parties, they
           | actually get further and further away from classical finance.
           | But it requires you to read GitHub/IRC/Matrix/Forum
           | discussions between developers, rather than following
           | reported news.
        
           | sirspacey wrote:
           | This:
           | 
           | "They now have a map"
           | 
           | Regulators won't generally tell you how to comply with a
           | rule, often because they don't know.
           | 
           | So you force them to make a ruling and then have a
           | proprietary roadmap.
           | 
           | What was learned in those meetings by both parties is a huge
           | moat.
           | 
           | In the end, the SEC just got a hefty pay day for doing their
           | job.
        
             | pranavjoneja wrote:
             | How is this a moat for BlockFi? Why can't a competitor do
             | exactly the same thing as BlockFi without paying the $100M
             | fine? Asking this question earnestly because I actually
             | want to know more.
        
         | vishnugupta wrote:
         | I have a vested interest in this domain now that I'm starting
         | up in this space so am closely following these and related
         | products.
         | 
         | A whole bunch of these startups have sprung up; which take up
         | real money (USDT or even USD, INR etc.,) promising very
         | attractive _guaranteed_ returns without locking up customers '
         | fund. Look at these[1] for examples. Anyone who knows anything
         | about banking in the traditional world knows how ridiculous it
         | is. And indeed some of these are beginning to unravel[2]. In
         | Anchor's case there are way more lenders than borrowers so
         | Anchor is resorting to pay those high yields from their
         | reserves. It's cutting close to being a Ponzi scheme at the
         | moment.
         | 
         | In a traditional banking world businesses take a loan either to
         | cover for a short-term cashflow crunch (example an invoice
         | that's delayed by their client) or for longer term investment.
         | That money usually goes into economic activities which are
         | expected (hoped?) to bear fruit to repay the loan.
         | 
         | In the crypto world however such loans are taken only to be put
         | back _into_ the crypto world; to be swapped into some hot new
         | coin to be staked and what not. The music has got to stop at
         | some point.
         | 
         | I'm really glad SEC has been proactive. I hope regulators in
         | other countries do so. Because 99% of the money flowing into
         | these are totally guidable and clueless people; they need to be
         | protected for their own sake.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.pillow.fund [1] https://www.flint.money
         | 
         | [2] https://au.finance.yahoo.com/news/anchor-protocol-
         | reserves-s...
        
           | ilamont wrote:
           | _I have a vested interest in this domain now that I 'm
           | starting up in this space ... 99% of the money flowing into
           | these are totally guidable and clueless people_
           | 
           | Is your startup going after the consumers? If most
           | prospective customers are clueless, and many of the remaining
           | customers are sharks or early investors looking for suckers,
           | that doesn't bode well for new companies in this space, even
           | the ones that are trying to do things right.
        
             | vishnugupta wrote:
             | You are right in general. As you could guess from the tone
             | of my comment, I want the ecosystem to be cleaned up and my
             | startup is going to play a role in that. It is essential
             | for crypto/DeFi to go mainstream. There is a big shakeup
             | coming which will weed out all these get-rich-quick
             | products.
             | 
             | Me and my co-founders are committing ourselves into this
             | for the long haul (think ~10 years) so are taking it slow.
             | We hope our deliberate, slow and steady approach will help
             | us tide over the current short term bubble and the imminent
             | burst.
        
               | babyshake wrote:
               | Are you able to speak to how your startup plays a role in
               | cleaning up the ecosystem? It seems like there are a
               | bunch of different types of things that need cleanup,
               | everything from the likes of BlockFi and lending products
               | to outright scams that are trying to steal your wallet
               | credentials or steal your funds. I'd welcome any type of
               | cleanup
        
               | vishnugupta wrote:
               | We are at idea-validation stage so it's very early days
               | for us. The overarching theme is educating users by
               | making them aware of what they are/have getting/gotten
               | into. _Somewhat_ similar to rating agency in the
               | traditional finance world (e.g., Moody 's) but not
               | exactly like them.
        
               | babyshake wrote:
               | One related thing is that there has been a large increase
               | in attempts by scammers to mimic a legitimate product
               | with a fake domain, etc. You could actually detect these
               | pretty well by looking at the TVL and other factors. Was
               | the contract deployed fewer than 30 days ago? Have the
               | amount of funds deposited to it less than the top 50/100
               | contracts?
               | 
               | A related problem is not even depositing but simply
               | granting token approval to a scam app, and similar
               | techniques may be used to warn users before they give
               | these approvals.
        
       | latchkey wrote:
       | BlockFi has spun it as gaining clarity.
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/BlockFiZac/status/1493256919406022656
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | seaourfreed wrote:
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | Looks like they broke the law.
        
         | smt88 wrote:
         | Your question is answered by literally the first sentence of
         | the article.
         | 
         | In the US, it's illegal to sell securities without registering
         | with the SEC.
        
         | ilamont wrote:
         | _The order finds that BIAs are securities under applicable law,
         | and the company therefore was required to register its offers
         | and sales of BIAs but failed to do so or to qualify for an
         | exemption from SEC registration. Additionally, the order finds
         | that BlockFi operated for more than 18 months as an
         | unregistered investment company because it issued securities
         | and also held more than 40 percent of its total assets,
         | excluding cash, in investment securities, including loans of
         | crypto assets to institutional borrowers._
        
       | shafyy wrote:
       | Striking how BlockFi's official announcement reads compared to
       | the SEC's statement: https://blockfi.com/regulatory-developments/
       | 
       |  _Zac Prince, CEO and Founder of BlockFi, said: "From the day we
       | started BlockFi, we have always known that strong engagement with
       | regulators would be critical for the adoption of financial
       | services powered by cryptocurrencies. Today's milestone is yet
       | another example of our pioneering efforts in securing regulatory
       | clarity for the broader industry and our clients, just as we did
       | for our first product - the crypto-backed loan. We intend for
       | BlockFi Yield to be a new, SEC-registered crypto interest-bearing
       | security, which will allow clients to earn interest on their
       | crypto assets."_
        
         | celticninja wrote:
         | Company spins news to make itself look good.
         | 
         | Nothing new here, definitely nothing unique to cryptocurrency
         | companies.
        
           | discodave wrote:
           | Do you have any examples of non-crypto companies trying to
           | spin a $100MM fine as "pioneering efforts in securing
           | regulatory clarity"?
           | 
           | I know companies spin, but this is next level.
        
             | freemint wrote:
             | It spins so hard, if you attached an electric generator you
             | could power all the bitcoin miners. /Joke
        
       | pavlov wrote:
       | The SEC has a whistleblower program that can award up to 30% of
       | the fine to a whistleblower. Here's an example of someone
       | receiving $32 million:
       | 
       | https://www.sec.gov/news/press-release/2021-211
       | 
       | If crypto prices go down, it might become more lucrative for
       | crypto employees to start talking to SEC rather than trying to
       | sell their tokens.
       | 
       | If you work at one of these places, why not start collecting
       | documentation now.
        
         | pevey wrote:
         | There is also the Qui Tam route for whistleblowers in NY (or
         | relating to allegations of wrongdoing that occur in NY or
         | companies based in NY).
         | 
         | https://www.nycbar.org/get-legal-help/article/employment-and...
         | 
         | The whistleblower can get 15-30% of the penalty/settlement
         | amount.
        
         | SilasX wrote:
         | Not sure the relevance, or how this story would remind you of
         | that program, since BlockFi doesn't issue a token, nor was the
         | product in question secret.
         | 
         | Disclosure: used BlockFi's lending program and had pulled out
         | most of my holdings for unrelated reasons by last week.
        
           | Cederfjard wrote:
           | I think it was pretty easy to follow the reasoning.
           | 
           | Cryptocurrency companies seem too often play fast and loose
           | with laws and regulations, and the SEC can and will fine
           | them. In addition, whistleblowers can get handsomely
           | rewarded. Ergo, it might soon start to look more and more
           | attractive for a lot of employees to tell on their employers.
           | 
           | Even if this particular case didn't go down like that, I
           | still think it's an interesting point that's relevant to the
           | discussion.
        
             | SilasX wrote:
             | I got that reasoning just fine, and had no trouble
             | following it. I was objecting to the flimsy pretense of
             | bringing it up on a case that obviously doesn't need
             | whistleblowers since it was all done out in the open _and
             | advertised_ , and everyone agrees on all facts-on-the-
             | ground but only ever differed on legal interpretation.
             | 
             | > Even if this particular case didn't go down like that, I
             | still think it's an interesting point that's relevant to
             | the discussion.
             | 
             | There are lots of things I'm sure you and I might find
             | interesting. But HN doesn't benefit from the practice of
             | "ooh, let me use this topic as a pretense to post something
             | I wanted to share regardless, and without reading the
             | article".
        
           | capableweb wrote:
           | Agreed. The SEC claims it broke regulations by doing
           | "unregistered offers and sales of the lending product",
           | "operated for more than 18 months as an unregistered
           | investment company" and "false and misleading statement for
           | more than two years on its website concerning the level of
           | risk", none of which would be exposed by a whistleblower but
           | instead by just going to their website or having an account
           | there. Nothing that requires someone from inside the company
           | to whistleblow anything.
        
             | pavlov wrote:
             | And if that's available just by going to a crypto company's
             | website, imagine what kind of evidence an insider may have
             | access to.
        
         | jdrc wrote:
         | Does the program also work for bigtech employees?
        
           | pavlov wrote:
           | Any industry. But big tech tends to have less of a YOLO
           | attitude to securities regulations. Public scrutiny is so
           | high that crypto-style unvetted gray area products like
           | Facebook's Libra don't have much change of succeeding.
        
           | chipgap98 wrote:
           | I think that program is for any industry
        
           | BLKNSLVR wrote:
           | I think the more pertinent question is 'does it work for big
           | fin employees?'
           | 
           | As regards the other comment re:lobbying, my answer to the
           | above would be: it may exist, but it doesn't do much work.
        
           | dv_dt wrote:
           | Pragmatically, I would think that getting a whistleblower
           | disclosure to stick would be more difficult with companies
           | carrying a significant lobbying presence.
        
       | rr808 wrote:
       | Now you know why traditional payment processors are so expensive.
       | You have to pay the fines + you need to pay for the armies of
       | people to do the extra paperwork.
        
       | 300bps wrote:
       | ...and at the end of the day DeFi will be so regulated it will
       | have all the bad parts of DeFi _and_ regular finance.
        
         | somebodythere wrote:
         | Nothing decentralized about BlockFi.
        
         | smt88 wrote:
         | Regulations are the good parts of regular finance. There are no
         | financial regulations that currently harm me, a consumer.
         | 
         | We honestly need to return to a time when we had a bit more
         | financial regulation.
        
           | smoovb wrote:
           | Regulations are the costly part of regular finance. DeFi is
           | exploring a low friction space in finance and need to be
           | given the freedom to continue to do so.
           | 
           | $100m fines, chargebacks, compliance, transaction fees and
           | the labor behind these are all fat that could be trimmed with
           | DeFi.
        
           | rdbell wrote:
           | > There are no financial regulations that currently harm me,
           | a consumer.
           | 
           | Mostly true if your main financial transactions are receiving
           | bank deposits from your work & paying bills, and if you, your
           | family and your friends all live in first-world countries.
        
             | smt88 wrote:
             | > _Mostly true if your main financial transactions are
             | receiving bank deposits from your work & paying bills_
             | 
             | I also own (and occasionally trade) securities, have loans
             | (mortgage and auto), use credit cards, and own equity in
             | private companies.
             | 
             | The only financial thing that I don't do is sell financial
             | services, which is the industry that regulations were
             | designed to reign in because they tend to be filled with
             | grifters.
             | 
             | But you're correct, I am in the US.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | Basically, the Investment Act of 1934 says:
       | 
       | 1. You have to file a prospectus (an S-1) before collecting
       | money.
       | 
       | 2. You have to disclose a lot of stuff, like who's really behind
       | this, where the money goes, what the risks are, what's happened
       | so far, and what the business plan is.
       | 
       | 3. Lying in an S-1 is a crime.
       | 
       | Crypto schemes tend to violate 1), because 2) would show that
       | their scheme is a scam, and if they tried to cover that up, 3)
       | would put them in jail.
       | 
       | There's grumbling about "paperwork", but that's just an excuse.
       | It's the part about having to disclose all that stuff under
       | penalty of perjury that scammers hate.
        
         | thebean11 wrote:
         | Is BlockFi a scam though? Fraud is not what they are getting
         | fined for, and it sounds like they can continue to operate if
         | they meet these reporting requirements, and that the company
         | intends to do that.
        
           | Animats wrote:
           | They misrepresented how their assets were collateralized,
           | creating a false impression of safety. That's fraud.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | sbierwagen wrote:
           | Check out the interest rates on their crypto accounts:
           | https://blockfi.com/rates/
           | 
           | A guaranteed 9.25% APY on crypto deposits when US dollar
           | savings accounts at FDIC banks do 0.50% is odd. Where is the
           | extra money coming from?
        
             | ar_lan wrote:
             | If you check DeFi rates, 9.25% is fairly low currently.
        
             | Animats wrote:
             | And that is why S-1 filings exist - to provide the answer
             | to such questions. Somewhere, for this to work, there must
             | be people paying more than 9.25% to borrow money. Who are
             | they? What collateral are they putting up? Whatever the
             | borrowers are doing must be high risk, or they wouldn't be
             | paying interest that high.
             | 
             | In effect, this is a junk bond they're selling - high
             | interest, with a high chance of losing the principal. Those
             | are semi-legitimate financial products (but see Michael
             | Milliken). However, if you invest in junk bonds, you have
             | to evaluate them, and you don't own just one. You own a
             | broad portfolio of them, collateralized by different
             | things, expecting some of them to fail and some to succeed.
             | This is why there are junk bond funds. Some of which fail,
             | because too many of the risks were correlated.
             | 
             | If someone in the DeFi sector is selling this, the funds
             | are probably being used to finance some other crypto-
             | related scheme. Not building a factory or an apartment
             | building, which you could probably finance at 3-4% right
             | now. So you're probably buying into a speculation that some
             | crypto product goes up. You're buying with a capped upside,
             | an uncapped downside, and no visibility into the risks.
        
               | cwp wrote:
               | Well, the downside is capped at "you lose all the money
               | you invested". I think. Did I miss something?
        
               | sbierwagen wrote:
               | That is a much worse risk than basically any other
               | investment!
               | 
               | If you buy gold, the price will fluctuate, but it won't
               | be _lost._ If you bought the Dow at the peak in 1929 and
               | held it all the way to the bottom then you lost 89% of
               | your money, but it didn 't actually go to zero. When
               | Ponzi schemes evaporate, the money _disappears._ You can
               | sign on to whatever class action lawsuit comes out of it,
               | but the lawyers are going to eat most of the proceeds.
               | 
               | It's more options trading than "investing", and
               | Robinhood's profits demonstrate that most people lose
               | money on options.
               | 
               | Blockfi's yields remind me of money market funds in 2008.
               | They looked like bank accounts, and paid out mostly sane
               | yields, but the fine print said "not a bank account, may
               | evaporate". Well, when it threatened to evaporate,
               | everyone freaked out:
               | https://www.investopedia.com/articles/economics/09/money-
               | mar...
               | 
               | When the NFT staking people are advertising yields of
               | 132%,
               | https://twitter.com/Route2FI/status/1492940519965605890
               | that's a huge blinking red sign that says _SCAM SCAM
               | SCAM,_ but 9.25% isn 't as big of a warning as it should
               | be. The moral hazard of every market bubble is
               | sophisticated actors chasing yield on the way up, then
               | claiming you were swindled, bamboozled, and had no idea
               | what you were getting into, and urgently need a bailout
               | when the bubble pops.
        
               | hermitdev wrote:
               | In general, yeah, you're capped at everything you
               | invested basically ceasing to exist. Unless you bought on
               | margin. Then, you can end up owing money, even if the
               | asset is worthless.
               | 
               | Not crypto related, but one of the things that made the
               | financial collapse of 2008 so much worse were the number
               | of institutions that were over leveraged at the time and
               | couldn't make the margin calls when assets started
               | tanking. The fund I worked for at the time was leveraged
               | as high as 40:1 at one point around that period. We
               | exited the crisis leveraged closer to 10:1.
               | 
               | The problem with firms being overleveraged is when the
               | margin call comes, it starts a snowball effect. To make
               | the margin call, you have to liquidate assets, most
               | likely at a loss, which further drives asset prices in
               | the market down, increasing margin requirements in a
               | vicious feedback loop. It's not uncommon for a firm hit
               | with a big margin call like this to end up having to sell
               | everything for pennies on the dollar.
               | 
               | I won't name names, but I worked a few high profile
               | blowups during my tenure in finance, one of which was the
               | very high profile bankruptcy of one of the banks that was
               | allowed to fail in the US another was a boutique hedge
               | fund that doubled down on a bad energy bet. Neither was
               | pretty. But, in both cases, the root cause was the same:
               | failure to properly understand the risk of the
               | investments they were making either in part or in whole.
               | Data quality in the risk system at the large bank was
               | especially atrocious, BTW.
        
               | landemva wrote:
               | Another thing that made 2008 worse was bank regulators
               | napping for a few years. Those ratings on mortgage debt
               | stunk and nobody cared.
        
             | thebean11 wrote:
             | According to them they lend the money out to institutions
             | and traders. Margin rates can be pretty high.
        
               | AlexandrB wrote:
               | That's how banks make money too. However, banks must also
               | consider the risk of their debtors defaulting on their
               | loans. They pass those risks on to you in the form of
               | very low interests rates on money deposited, while
               | keeping your deposit "safe". It seems like BlockFi was
               | passing the risk on in the form of an undisclosed risk of
               | losing all your money. That's the part the SEC seems to
               | have a problem with:
               | 
               | > The order also finds that BlockFi made a false and
               | misleading statement for more than two years on its
               | website concerning the level of risk in its loan
               | portfolio and lending activity.
               | 
               | The point is there's no free lunch. If you're making 9+%
               | on your deposit don't be surprised if your account is
               | wiped out when BlockFi's debtors fail to pay.
        
         | ryanSrich wrote:
         | Conflating anything related to crypto as a scam is just lazy
         | and anti-intellectual. This is one of HN's weakest traits IMO.
         | I find great value in following topics and threads on HN, but
         | it's unrelenting hate for crypto and crypto adjacent topics is
         | unfounded.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jiggawatts wrote:
           | https://youtu.be/YQ_xWvX1n9g
           | 
           | A rant over two hours long about the endless grift and
           | unfettered scamming that is crypto.
           | 
           | Two _hours_ , and it doesn't even cover all of it.
        
           | NelsonMinar wrote:
           | We are literally discussing a company being found by the SEC
           | to have sold an investment asset without appropriate
           | disclosure and that asset being closed to American investors.
           | This is not the example to make your case with.
        
             | ryanSrich wrote:
             | Why not? I could find countless SEC violations that are far
             | worse than this from banking institutions that I guarantee
             | you use on a weekly or monthly basis. Are those scams?
        
               | sailfast wrote:
               | FWIW, no. After the savings and loan crisis a lot of that
               | went away.
               | 
               | Especially not typically fraudulent are the APY yield
               | savings accounts whose deposits are insured.
               | 
               | Also I doubt you could find countless violations outside
               | of (maybe?) insider trading based on MNPI at these
               | institutions, but if you know of them you should report
               | them - whistleblowers can make a lot of money!!
        
               | NelsonMinar wrote:
               | Yes, yes they often are. But I think you'll be hard-
               | pressed to find many examples of legitimate banks having
               | their primary customer offering being declared illegal
               | and forced to stop operation immediately.
        
               | omeze wrote:
               | Erm, from recent memory: Wells Fargo (3rd largest US
               | bank) had a nice 185 million fine for checking account
               | fraud... https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wells_Fargo_acco
               | unt_fraud_sc...
               | 
               | Not saying this justifies BlockFi's behavior but the
               | incentives for any bank is there!
        
           | schmichael wrote:
           | > it's unrelenting hate for crypto and crypto adjacent topics
           | is unfounded.
           | 
           | How is it unfounded? The carbon and ewaste problems are well
           | documented. Any fixes for that (eg Proof of Stake) have
           | either compromised Bitcoin's original focus on
           | decentralization, continually delayed release, or both. Over
           | a decade after Bitcoin's launch few use cases have emerged
           | and none of them have proven durable. The ICO craze came and
           | went. DeFi is still muddling along with ever more convoluted
           | cryptoshadows of regulated fiat finance. NFTs are all the
           | rage but currently about as intellectually stimulating as
           | baseball cards. Hacks and scams abound far beyond any other
           | industry.
           | 
           | Both "sides" of the crypto debate are welcome to share their
           | opinions on HN. The constant stream of blockchain links on HN
           | makes me think there are plenty of at least crypto-curious
           | folks around. I'm not sure why the pro side feels so
           | attacked. Share your thoughts. Share your use cases. Advance
           | the field. Prove us on the other side wrong.
        
             | ryanSrich wrote:
             | > How is it unfounded? The carbon and ewaste problems are
             | well documented.
             | 
             | Without a benchmark this means nothing. Just because a new
             | technology contributes to ewaste we should just ignore it
             | and bury it? No use in trying to fix it right? Just kill
             | the technology because it contributes to ewaste. That
             | doesn't make any sense. Not to mention the majority of the
             | uproar around Crypto being a danger to the environment is
             | completely overblown
             | https://www.cnbc.com/2021/07/20/bitcoin-mining-
             | environmental...
             | 
             | > Over a decade after Bitcoin's launch few use cases have
             | emerged and none of them have proven durable
             | 
             | Durable in what sense? I can take some Bitcoin right now
             | and purchase almost anything I want. Seems like that money
             | use case is pretty durable to me.
             | 
             | > The ICO craze came and went. DeFi is still muddling along
             | with ever more convoluted cryptoshadows of regulated fiat
             | finance. NFTs are all the rage but currently about as
             | intellectually stimulating as baseball cards. Hacks and
             | scams abound far beyond any other industry.
             | 
             | You're just conflating scams with crypto as a technology.
             | If you can't find merit in cryptocurrency while at the same
             | time thinking NFTs are mostly a scam you lack imagination.
             | 
             | I'll be the first one to admit I think the following are
             | all mostly scams, useless, or only serve to create bag
             | holders:
             | 
             | - NFTs
             | 
             | - DAOs
             | 
             | - ICOs (not really a thing anymore)
             | 
             | That doesn't deter me one bit from thinking that Bitcoin,
             | ETH, and a handful of layer 1s are genuinely useful in
             | creating technology to digitize money and decentralize
             | finance. How long is it going to take? Idk. 10 years seems
             | like not enough time. Idk why people are complaining about
             | the lack of use cases. Something as ground breaking as
             | disrupting the banking system is going to be a multi-decade
             | long endeavour. Scams will come and go. That seems like a
             | natural progression.
        
               | bduerst wrote:
               | That article you link is out of date.
               | 
               | Global BTC energy consumption is now double[1] what it
               | was in July, meaning the claim that it's somehow getting
               | better spurious. The article also acknowledges that the
               | energy consumption criticism _is_ a valid issue (even
               | despite the stats being out of date).
               | 
               | [1] https://ccaf.io/cbeci/index
        
           | jgalt212 wrote:
           | In general I agree, but there's just so much damn smoke.
        
             | BLKNSLVR wrote:
             | How much smoke billows off Wall Street though? Didn't that
             | particular garbage fire get re-lit surprisingly soon after
             | the GFC?
             | 
             | I'm somewhat pro-crypto for it's anti-establishment roots
             | (which are barely visible these days) and so I find it
             | interesting that the standard it's held to is much higher
             | than that for existing 'finance' - for which the bar is
             | incredibly low, seemingly for the only reason that society
             | has developed a callous against all that (g)rubbing.
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | > I find it interesting that the standard it's held to is
               | much higher than that for existing 'finance'
               | 
               | It isn't though. It's has all the worst aspects of Wall
               | Street, more wolves and a few unique problems, without
               | the redeeming feature of it facilitating massive amounts
               | of real world activity, and you'll still find more people
               | on here defending even crypto's most blatant scams than
               | you'll find arguing that securitising subprime mortgages
               | is the future of homebuying but just had a few teething
               | problems.
        
               | floodyberry- wrote:
               | "finance is corrupt" doesn't work in favor of crypto
               | because insofar as crypto addresses the issue, it only
               | allows finance to be even _more_ corrupt
        
               | BLKNSLVR wrote:
               | I genuinely think cryptocurrency makes transparent what
               | 'finance' (and the powers attached to it) would prefer
               | remain opaque.
        
           | almost wrote:
           | Boy are we going to look stupid when a non-scam crypto use
           | comes out! Total egg on our collective faces! One of these
           | days! I mean obviously not today, but soon, right?
        
             | babyshake wrote:
             | Setting aside other ways crypto can and is being used, the
             | most interesting thing about DeFi IMO is its compositional
             | (and decompositional) nature. This mostly results in
             | reinventing things that already existed in Wall St and
             | other areas of the finance world, but are now available for
             | anyone to use.
        
               | bduerst wrote:
               | Can you give specific examples of these 'things' though?
        
               | shemnon42 wrote:
               | Becoming a market maker, liquidity pools, yield farming,
               | flash loans (short term borrowing of lots of money)
        
               | sailfast wrote:
               | Becoming "your own" domain registrar without having to
               | deal with ICANN was another interesting one to me (after
               | checking into how all those .eth domains popped up).
               | 
               | It was exciting when I first looked at it and then I
               | realized that this was actually not "democratizing"
               | anything so much as ensuring a new class of folks would
               | be able to create new centralized "everythings" in a new
               | environment outside of the current system - without the
               | benefit of the years of testing, regulation, and (sure)
               | cruft that our current systems have because they're
               | subject to political forces (which is actually a
               | feature).
               | 
               | Maybe starting the wild west over again is a good thing?
               | My money's on "not really" at the moment.
        
             | ryanSrich wrote:
             | How is me taking some bitcoin and purchasing something
             | online instantly with near zero fees a scam? Please explain
             | with precise language how that is a scam. That's a use
             | case. Now tell me how it's a scam.
        
               | xmonkee wrote:
               | Tell me what you're buying.
        
               | ryanSrich wrote:
               | My most recent PC build was created entirely from parts
               | bought on Newegg.com. Newegg accepts bitcoin as payment.
               | We're not in 2009 anymore where people only buy drugs
               | with Bitcoin.
        
               | davidcbc wrote:
               | I love having to file taxes documents for every
               | transaction I make. Great currency
        
               | danbruc wrote:
               | Does Newegg do anything with the Bitcoins or are they
               | immediately converting them into Dollars?
        
               | bduerst wrote:
               | IIRC Newegg is using Bitpay, which costs ~1% and settles
               | to USD daily. It also means no refunds allowed (even in
               | USD) to the customer using it, only store credit.
        
               | mbesto wrote:
               | Which is an entirely pointless way to transact commerce
               | for 99% of the population. I get my paycheck in USD and
               | then buy goods and services with it. If it converts to
               | BTC and then BTC back to USD then whats the point? It's
               | just paying with a credit card with extra steps.
               | 
               | What's the use case here?
        
               | davidcbc wrote:
               | If you're using bitcoin you aren't purchasing anything
               | instantly. Transaction confirmation is currently taking
               | ~7 minutes.
        
               | bduerst wrote:
               | Rule of thumb is you have to wait ~20 minutes (two
               | blocks) for the verification.
               | 
               | That's a long time to hold up the line at the grocery
               | check out.
        
               | sireat wrote:
               | Not much of a use case unless you want to move large
               | amounts.
               | 
               | https://ycharts.com/indicators/bitcoin_average_transactio
               | n_f... - and current $1.76 is considered low compared to
               | $50 per transaction craziness. So you have to go offchain
               | 
               | Again, I paid BTC for a laptop 9 years ago and it made
               | sense for me then since it was mined BTC from 11 years
               | ago.
               | 
               | In order to use BTC you need to obtain BTC and
               | transaction fees kill any normal day to day use case.
               | 
               | This leaves BTC for less than legal uses where you do not
               | care about fees.
               | 
               | So BTC itself might not qualify as a scam but as a mega
               | enabler of scams and illegal activity.
               | 
               | EDIT: that $1.76 is just a on-chain fee for the network,
               | most stores will charge you extra to use BTC since they
               | do not care about BTC they want to cash out immediately
               | so they use a 3rd party.
               | 
               | So unless you get paid in BTC you have very little reason
               | to use BTC for payments.
        
               | bluecalm wrote:
               | Even the most blatant scams, literal pyramids called MLMs
               | often have some useful product to muddy the waters. I
               | mean you can after all but that toothpaste and shampoo
               | from Amway and use it!
        
               | ryanSrich wrote:
               | Yes. The PC parts on bought on Newegg.com with Bitcoin
               | sure are contributing to a crypto scam. How could I have
               | not seen this?
        
           | Tarsul wrote:
           | you're right but what I find even more jarring in crypto-
           | threads is that usually the only argument (or at least the
           | most prolific one) from the pro-crypto side is that the
           | argument of the anti-crypto side is off-based. But that is
           | not an argument pro-crypto that's at most an argument that's
           | crypto-neutral. But maybe that's enough for the pro-crypto
           | crowd because neutrality means that the show goes on.
           | Nevertheless, it's seldom good enough for great discussions.
        
             | ryanSrich wrote:
             | Being pro-crypto is like being pro-internet or pro-money.
             | It doesn't make sense to say that. If I use Bitcoin to buy
             | something legally online is that a scam? Am I getting
             | scammed? Is the other person getting scammed? I just don't
             | understand why people ignore the fact that crypto is a
             | utility. Sure, you can hate a company that scams users into
             | thinking their crypto token has some intrinsic value and
             | then rug pulls a month later. I'm unsure how that's an
             | indictment of the crypto as a technology. That's like
             | hating email because people use it to execute phishing
             | scams.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | clpm4j wrote:
               | Genuinely curious, if you're based in the US, why do you
               | choose to spend your BTC as money? Why not spend your USD
               | instead (for the computer parts that you mentioned in
               | another comment)?
        
         | z16a wrote:
         | Please clearly articulate how Blockfi is a scheme or a scam.
        
           | AlexandrB wrote:
           | It's in the article:
           | 
           | > The order also finds that BlockFi made a false and
           | misleading statement for more than two years on its website
           | concerning the level of risk in its loan portfolio and
           | lending activity.
           | 
           | Just because a scam hasn't imploded yet, doesn't mean it's
           | not a scam.
        
           | altairprime wrote:
           | > _BlockFi made a false and misleading statement for more
           | than two years on its website concerning the level of risk in
           | its loan portfolio and lending activity._
           | 
           | As the order linked above indicates, BlockFi knowingly
           | deceived investors. In the financial/investing context of
           | this discussion, "to scheme" is to plan and execute
           | deception, with intent of personal gain. Thus, my attempt to
           | reword using your provided language rather than the order's:
           | 
           | > _BlockFi's scheming led investors to believe that BlockFi
           | was a lower-risk investment than it was in reality._
           | 
           | Note that any errors in translation from SEC wording to your
           | provided terminology are my own, and that I'm making a good-
           | faith effort to help build a verbal bridge from your
           | confusion to an example of specific language in the order
           | that addresses it. If my verbal bridge is insufficient, then
           | please accept my apologies and I hope you're able to find the
           | answers you seek from others, or in the order itself.
           | 
           | (I am not your lawyer, this is not legal advice.)
        
         | nikanj wrote:
         | Luckily they can run the whole scheme from Elbonia, and people
         | are more than happy to send over cryptos from the US.
        
           | numtel wrote:
           | Well, there is Nexo which is basically the same but
           | headquartered in Bulgaria.
        
           | cuteboy19 wrote:
           | That's almost exactly how Tether (USDT) works. Except instead
           | of Elbonia we have the Caymans
        
             | altairprime wrote:
             | Note that Tether moving to the Caymans inspired the UK
             | finregs to investigate the UK accounting company that's now
             | running Tether's books, so I wouldn't consider the Caymans
             | to be a successful escape yet:
             | https://www.ft.com/content/e86f8d72-918c-4a80-a4bf-
             | de3110316...
        
       | seaourfreed wrote:
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | wmf wrote:
       | Some people have a "lightning doesn't strike twice" theory about
       | the SEC where getting busted once means you can do the same thing
       | 10x more in the future and won't be busted again. So a $100M fine
       | today unlocks billions in "legitimate" profit tomorrow.
        
         | frankbreetz wrote:
         | This seems like an insane theory, it's like saying if you
         | commit an assault you won't be a suspect for murder later.
         | Committing a crime generally make the authorities look at you
         | more closely.
        
         | smoovb wrote:
         | Why would a business pay the this large fine, unless it lead to
         | their continued existence and profitability. In this case the
         | word 'fine' is better thought of as 'registration fee'. Being
         | forced to stop their current product (BIAs) and relaunch the
         | new Yield product seems to indicate the new product has the
         | SEC's blessing.
        
       | mouzogu wrote:
       | I've had trouble finding clear jargon-free sources to explain how
       | these lending platforms and various defi lending platforms
       | generate yield.
       | 
       | As far as I can tell it mostly works by token inflation. Celsius,
       | Nexo tokens, Compound and Aave tokens for example.
       | 
       | But these tokens are given as a reward to yield farmers so there
       | is a huge sell pressure and yet I don't understand who is on the
       | buy side. Why would you buy these reward tokens. It seems strange
       | to me.
        
         | cdiddy2 wrote:
         | Compound and Aave both existed before they had tokens and there
         | was still yield on the platforms. The yield is from borrowers
         | paying interest to the lenders.
        
           | trulyme wrote:
           | Who is borrowing at such rates though? Genuinly curious.
        
           | discodave wrote:
           | Where are the borrowers investing the tokens to generate
           | profit to pay interest to the lenders?
           | 
           | Like, are they investing in real estate that pays rent?
           | Companies that pay dividends?
        
       | dbodin11 wrote:
       | TLDR
       | https://www.kontxt.io/document/d/-Y-SdZU31lVnH33gE_v0IR9wOaC...
        
       | MisterBastahrd wrote:
       | P1: Would you like to buy this banana?
       | 
       | P2: That's an apple.
       | 
       | P1: No, it's a banana.
       | 
       | P2: Dude, that's clearly an apple.
       | 
       | P1: Okay, it's an apple, but by pretending it's yellow and long,
       | we're bypassing the rules for selling apples.
       | 
       | P2: That's not.... that's now how any of this works
        
       | dna_polymerase wrote:
       | HSBC got fined $84M for laundering mexican drug cartel money. The
       | proportions don't add up.
       | 
       | https://www.complianceweek.com/regulatory-enforcement/hsbc-h...
        
         | mint2 wrote:
         | Yeah hsbc should have been fined more.
        
           | consumer451 wrote:
           | Shouldn't the director(s) be held responsible at all? It
           | seems like if people escape consequences this behavior will
           | continue.
        
             | missedthecue wrote:
             | Only if you can prove they committed a crime. HSBC has more
             | than 230,000 employees. Statistically, someone will always
             | be doing something wrong.
        
         | missedthecue wrote:
         | They paid $84M to the European regulator.
         | 
         | The US regulator made them pay $1.9 Billion.
         | 
         | https://www.reuters.com/article/us-hsbc-probe/hsbc-to-pay-1-...
        
       | risho wrote:
       | Is there something about Gemini's version of the interest bearing
       | account that makes it less problematic than Blockfi's offering?
       | Why is it that Blockfi has taken so much heat and Gemini has
       | seemed to fly completely under the radar? Does this suggest that
       | the issue was the marketing and the implementation that was the
       | issue rather than the product itself?
        
         | rabite wrote:
         | Blockfi was the easiest case to make in the room, but Gemini
         | and Celsius are now being investigated by the SEC as of last
         | month.
         | 
         | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-26/crypto-le...
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | I guess it could have something to do with that Gemini is a
         | registered exchange and regulated by the NYDFS, while BlockFi
         | goes the more traditional cryptocurrency exchange route of
         | "Let's see what turns out to be illegal when we get there".
        
           | notpachet wrote:
           | That route has a pithier name: "disruption"
        
         | 300bps wrote:
         | Read Blockfi's press release:
         | 
         | https://blockfi.com/regulatory-developments/
         | 
         |  _BlockFi is first participant in new regulatory framework for
         | crypto sector_
         | 
         | They're the first participant. They won't be the last. Police
         | can't pull over every car at the same time and neither can the
         | SEC go after every actor simultaneously. What the SEC has now
         | though is a precedent of cooperation.
        
         | pazimzadeh wrote:
         | Same question, with Celsius.
        
           | cypherpunks01 wrote:
           | Coindesk writes, "The SEC is reportedly investigating Voyager
           | Digital, Gemini Trust and fellow crypto lender Celsius
           | Network." There is no difference.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | SilasX wrote:
         | The SEC is apparently looking at Gemini too, though it didn't
         | seem to get a lot of discussion (sorry, "have legs") when the
         | stories came out:
         | 
         | https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2022-01-26/crypto-le...
         | 
         | Disclosure: have significant holdings in Gemini's lending
         | program and used to in BlockFi's.
        
           | endorphine wrote:
           | Would you mind elaborating on why you chose to make the
           | disclosure? It puzzles me because I don't see how it's
           | relevant to the rest of the comment.
        
             | SilasX wrote:
             | Sure, after you justify why you'd object to someone
             | disclosing more bias than they have to. (And my comment
             | throttling lets up.)
        
               | endorphine wrote:
               | I'm not objecting; this was an honest question.
        
       | abritrum wrote:
       | I (along with other) have been filing whistleblower reports on
       | blatant price manipulation on an OTC stock for the entirety of
       | last year (about 30 reports of naked short selling, wash
       | trading). Not one peep from the SEC. It's been eye-opening to see
       | the amount of fraud in the financial markets that goes unchecked.
       | Sometimes I question my sanity that I persist in this stock and
       | whether what I see is illegal. Good to see that they are going
       | after bigger fish, letting the smaller ones go.
        
         | chollida1 wrote:
         | I"ll bite on this. I work in the financial markets and have
         | alot of experience in market structure.
         | 
         | What evidence do you have of wash trading? How would you tell
         | if something is a wash trade? How would you determine if
         | someone is naked shorting? What evidence would you provide for
         | something like this?
        
         | snapcaster wrote:
         | Gamestop bagholder I presume? How do you detect or prove naked
         | shorting or wash trading?
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | > on blatant price manipulation on an OTC stock
         | 
         | Which stock?
         | 
         | There are a lot of cult-ish communities around certain stocks
         | that "know just enough to be dangerous" and end up
         | misinterpreting a lot of signals as naked shorting and such.
         | The narratives sound good to people who are holding the stock,
         | but they're almost always completely flawed.
         | 
         | If the complaints are basically coming in bulk with the same
         | reports that can be traced back to a Reddit post or something,
         | they're probably going straight to the trash.
        
       | PragmaticPulp wrote:
       | Where is the $100 million going to come from? Do they have that
       | much money to spare? Or are their customers about to take a
       | haircut?
       | 
       | On that topic, where does BlockFi's profit come from? They're
       | offering 9% (previously 12%) interest on deposits. Are they
       | really re-loaning that money to other people at the 20-30%
       | interest rate required to produce those returns (high interest
       | rates come with high default rates, so you need to overshoot your
       | target by a lot to make up for defaults).
        
         | yellow_postit wrote:
         | Loans have max 50% LTV and their loan rates are at least 4.5%.
         | 
         | They must be reinvesting elsewhere similar to other bank models
         | just a lot riskier, more opaque, and less regulation (for now).
         | 
         | They've meaningfully cut interest rates over time as well often
         | in response to market volatility.
        
           | notahacker wrote:
           | Not sure _borrow at 9% to lend at 4.5%_ is that similar to
           | bank business models...
        
         | shawabawa3 wrote:
         | They likely re-lend on crypto platforms where thanks to
         | incentives and high borrow demand you can relatively easily get
         | 15+% yields
         | 
         | For example anchor protocol offers 20% APY on UST deposited in
         | it, and has done consistently for 6+months. As long as the peg
         | holds and the protocol is solvent it's "free" money
        
           | vineyardmike wrote:
           | FYI. Anchor is almost out of money to pay that yield.
           | 
           | https://au.finance.yahoo.com/news/anchor-protocol-
           | reserves-s...
        
             | shawabawa3 wrote:
             | They topped that up with another $450M
             | 
             | https://agora.terra.money/t/capitalising-anchors-reserve-
             | wit...
        
           | heyitsguay wrote:
           | Doesn't that just push the same question back a level? Where
           | are these other platforms getting their profits from to
           | sustain such high yields? If there's high demand for high-
           | interest crypto loans, that means there should be platforms
           | one can point to to trace the source of profit - the high-
           | interest loans that fund the high-yield deposit platforms
           | that fund this medium-yield deposit platform?
           | 
           | The whole thing sounds incredibly scammy.
        
             | nazgulnarsil wrote:
             | not if more tether can be printed from thin air to pay the
             | interest.
        
               | xur17 wrote:
               | Fwiw, UST != USDT.
        
         | tcgv wrote:
         | Not sure how BlockFi works exactly but most lending DeFi apps
         | have really high collateral requirements and liquidate
         | positions in case of violation of collateral requirements
         | charging a penalty to close open positions early and ensure
         | protocol assets are preserved before a "default" event can ever
         | happen.
         | 
         | They're not really "capital efficient".
        
           | xur17 wrote:
           | If you have some time, this [0] is a pretty good write up of
           | a number of different cefi lending platforms. The part I find
           | most interesting is that most places lend to Genesis Trading
           | to generate most of their return, in some cases also lending
           | out smaller portions themselves.
           | 
           | [0] https://prohashing.com/guides/earning-interest-on-crypto
        
         | AJ007 wrote:
         | I think a lot of these yields from "crypto" are on paper, and
         | it's misleading the "defi" operators and their investors in to
         | thinking they have huge returns. That's the only way that would
         | systematically explain lending tokens at very high interest
         | rates.
        
       | mdoms wrote:
       | https://www.reddit.com/r/blockfi/comments/skxiei/blockfi_hor...
        
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