[HN Gopher] Cryptocurrency off-ramps, and the shift towards cent...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Cryptocurrency off-ramps, and the shift towards centralization
        
       Author : HelenePhisher
       Score  : 151 points
       Date   : 2022-02-13 15:31 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.mollywhite.net)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.mollywhite.net)
        
       | bonestamp2 wrote:
       | > someday, goods and services will be exchanged for
       | cryptocurrency rather than traditional money
       | 
       | I mean, I've seen that happening at an increasing rate since 2013
       | (the first time I bought a drink at a bar with crypto). Today,
       | there are several monthly services that I pay for with crypto.
       | It's not for everyone of course, but there is a virtual world
       | where crypto is the preferred or only currency. Over time, that
       | world and the real world will converge.
       | 
       | We can already see that starting to happen with China's national
       | crypto currency. As more exchanges support that currency, it will
       | bring this convergence full circle, at least for part of the
       | world. The rest will follow in time.
        
       | miracle2k wrote:
       | It is true that exchanges are a pressure point, and that
       | anonymised transactions are a compliance risk-factor. While the
       | article is notably lacking evidence for the claim that we are
       | "now" seeing this "increasingly", assuming it is not yet the
       | case, it may well be an increasing problem going forward.
       | 
       | Ultimately, this a civic matter; as much as we want to ensure we
       | have the right to encrypt our communications, to not disclose our
       | passwords to police even when being prosecuted for a crime, as
       | activists commonly insist on, so should we fight to maintain our
       | existing rights to financial privacy.
        
         | ClumsyPilot wrote:
         | But we also have to keep the lid on fraid, mafia, tax evasion,
         | organised crime, blood money, etc.
         | 
         | To me the point of blockchain is to democratise access to
         | financial technology. To other's, it's to create a currency
         | that cannot be manipulated by central bank politics. Only to
         | some people it's about privacy - i woupd be quite happy with a
         | totally open and public financial system if it applies to all
         | people equally.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
           | > But we also have to keep the lid on fraid
           | 
           | No we don't. The dangers from allowing use of
           | cryptocurrencies by criminals are far less than dangers to
           | freedoms from corrupt totalitarian governments. When
           | government can easily shut down your finances, you need some
           | kind of way to defy it.
           | 
           | And if you think that _your_ government will _never_ do such
           | thing, think again, harder. Citizens must have a leverage
           | against abuse. With shrinking use of cash, cryptocurrencies
           | allow people to evade a chokehold that can instantly smother
           | them.
        
             | sobkas wrote:
             | > And if you think that your government will never do such
             | thing, think again, harder. Citizens must have a leverage
             | against abuse. With shrinking use of cash, cryptocurrencies
             | allow people to evade a chokehold that can instantly
             | smother them.
             | 
             | Blockchain won't save you from visit from a man with 5$
             | wrench, if you know what I mean.
             | 
             | Blockchain might keep your transactions pseudonymous, but
             | when government already knows you, there is little you can
             | do to keep yourself out of its reach.
        
               | Zak wrote:
               | We've seen examples of financial denial of service from
               | governments in situations where they're unable or
               | unwilling to hire thugs or apply criminal laws. I'll
               | offer two:
               | 
               | Wikileaks is the easy one here. While it may have some
               | problems, I suspect most of the HN audience believes it
               | should exist. The US government has successfully
               | pressured payment providers to deny service to Wikileaks
               | in the past, which has the potential to become an
               | existential threat.
               | 
               | Cannabis businesses in the US are another example.
               | Cannabis is legal under state law in a significant
               | fraction of states (a majority for medical purposes), but
               | illegal under federal law. The federal government is
               | mostly unwilling to enforce the federal criminal law
               | against businesses that are complying with state law, but
               | it's quite willing to prohibit banks from providing
               | service to cannabis businesses.
        
               | woah wrote:
               | This is a logical fallacy. This is like arguing that
               | because the government could hypothetically put you under
               | 24/7 physical observation and listen to your every
               | conversation by being in the same room and looking over
               | your shoulder, ever using encryption technology is
               | useless.
        
               | giaour wrote:
               | If your threat model includes Stas-like pervasive
               | surveillance and a real possibility of interrogation
               | under torture, then GP is right, traditional encryption
               | technology will be of limited benefit.
        
               | jacoblambda wrote:
               | > Blockchain won't save you from visit from a man with 5$
               | wrench, if you know what I mean.
               | 
               | This is accurate however the following isn't necessarily
               | accurate:
               | 
               | > Blockchain might keep your transactions pseudonymous,
               | but when government already knows you, there is little
               | you can do to keep yourself out of its reach.
               | 
               | There are plenty of solid privacy chains based on well
               | understood cryptography. On top of that it is becoming
               | increasingly easy/viable for existing networks to
               | integrate privacy preserving Tx into their networks. Ex:
               | Litecoin (a long standing Bitcoin software fork)
               | integrating privacy preserving Tx via the MimbleWimble
               | protocol and Extension Blocks (together referred to as
               | the MWEB hard fork).
               | 
               | Developments like the introduction of MWEB show that even
               | if the government knows you or your Tx today, all you
               | have to do is make an MWEB (or equivalent) transaction
               | and all of a sudden that chain of visibility goes dark.
               | 
               | Additionally while it may be possible for the government
               | or any organisation to forcibly extract access or
               | knowledge from you with force, we as a society should not
               | be content with making that easy. Prior to the
               | introduction of the internet and digital society,
               | organisations had to spend far more effort to collect far
               | less (and far less reliable) information. We should be
               | making every push to set that pre-digital information era
               | as a baseline or absolute minimum for privacy standards.
        
               | fsflover wrote:
               | > Blockchain won't save you from visit from a man with 5$
               | wrench, if you know what I mean.
               | 
               | There is a large middle-ground between a government
               | respecting your ownership and a one stealing your funds
               | using a wrench.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | I'm fine with weak financial privacy and strong KYC/AML
             | regulations. A lot of garbage humans out there that these
             | tools are necessary to police with.
        
               | howinteresting wrote:
               | What that means in practice is that rich people have
               | financial privacy and poor people don't. Personally I
               | think it should be the opposite: poor people should have
               | privacy and rich people shouldn't.
               | 
               | If you're in favor of e2ee messaging but not e2ee
               | financial privacy, you're saying that you don't want
               | people to do anything _material_ with the e2ee messaging.
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | Highly dependent on your government and the electorate.
               | Elect shitty people, get shitty government and policy.
               | Technology will save you from neither.
        
               | howinteresting wrote:
               | In what jurisdiction do rich people not have access to
               | webs of shell companies to hide their transactions
               | through?
        
               | toomuchtodo wrote:
               | I don't disagree. How does crypto solve that? It doesn't.
               | It's just as harmful. Perfection doesn't exist, only the
               | continual efforts towards an ideal.
               | 
               | Edit: (HN throttling), reply to below comment.
               | 
               | I agree that there are niche use cases where crypto is
               | bridging a gap for the disenfranchised (sex workers in
               | this example) until policy catches up, but that it's
               | unsustainable to extrapolate that out as a call for wide
               | adoption of crypto by the masses.
        
               | howinteresting wrote:
               | Crypto (not Bitcoin or Ethereum, Zcash) gives everyone
               | the same privacy rich people enjoy, leveling the playing
               | field.
               | 
               | I think crypto has a bunch of other problems, but I
               | consider (for example) sex workers being able to transact
               | online an unalloyed good.
        
               | Andrew_nenakhov wrote:
               | Any elected leader can suddenly become not replaceable
               | via elections. Hitler, Putin, Chavez, Lukashenko were all
               | elected once.
        
               | lawn wrote:
               | That's just because your government isn't currently
               | categorizing you as a "garbage human".
        
               | tylersmith wrote:
               | This is why cryptocurrencies had to be decentralized and
               | censorship resistant, so they can grow whether or not
               | people are fine with it.
        
             | juliette1 wrote:
        
         | dabeeeenster wrote:
         | The problem is that you don't currently have financial privacy,
         | and that is what enables authorities, your government and your
         | bank to ensure you are not laundering money for nasty people.
        
         | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
         | Which existing rights in particular do you mean? The real-
         | currency world is completely filled with KYC, suspicious
         | transaction reporting and so on.
        
           | Waterluvian wrote:
           | Even just having a lot of cash on you is enough for American
           | police to legally steal it from you, roadside.
        
             | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
             | I mean, that's a problem, but it's not a privacy problem
             | _per se_. Civil forfeiture is a much larger issue than
             | police taking cash from people with unconvincing sourcing
             | stories.
        
               | Waterluvian wrote:
               | True. Though to be clear, it's not that your story isn't
               | convincing. It's that police felt like it, usually
               | because you're a minority.
        
         | skybrian wrote:
         | As one data point, recently some alleged criminals were caught
         | who seem to have had lots of trouble laundering money at scale?
         | [1] But I don't know if they could have done a better job if
         | they were more creative.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.nbcnews.com/politics/justice-department/two-
         | arre...
        
         | jnwatson wrote:
         | There doesn't seem to be any financial right to privacy.
         | 
         | It isn't a right.
        
           | f38zf5vdt wrote:
           | It extends, arguably, from the "Right to Property".
           | 
           | > (1) Everyone has the right to own property alone as well as
           | in association with others. (2) No one shall be arbitrarily
           | deprived of his or her property.
           | 
           | This right has a history of controversy and various
           | interpretations.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right_to_property
        
             | rhn_mk1 wrote:
             | How is a right to property related to a right to privacy?
             | "Private property" is not using the same kind of "private"
             | as "private communication".
        
               | kelseyfrog wrote:
               | Here is a poor construction from right to property to
               | right to privacy.
               | 
               | 1. Assume the right to private property.
               | 
               | 2. Acknowledge that some property is not just a tangible
               | object, but can include a configuration of objects. An
               | existing example of configuration of objects as property
               | is crypto currency as private property or database
               | records reflecting you bank account as private property.
               | 
               | 3. Acknowledge that property ownership represents the
               | exclusivity of possession.
               | 
               | 4. By 2 and 3 the ownership of intangible property is the
               | exclusive possession of a configuration of objects.
               | 
               | 5. Acknowledge that the configuration of objects is
               | isomorphic to information
               | 
               | 6. Acknowledge that communication is the transmission of
               | information
               | 
               | 7. By 4, 5, and 6, Private communications is the
               | exclusive ownership of the transmission of information.
        
               | f38zf5vdt wrote:
               | If the inability to keep your property private harms your
               | ability to possess or use that property now or in the
               | future, the ability to possess private property is being
               | infringed upon.
        
               | saalweachter wrote:
               | Within the context of the United States, you can always
               | fall back to the Ninth Amendment:
               | 
               | > The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights,
               | shall not be construed to deny or disparage others
               | retained by the people.
               | 
               | (There was a concern around the Bill of Rights, that by
               | specifically listing out some rights it would create the
               | belief they were the _only_ rights; the Ninth Amendment
               | was the compromise.)
        
           | lawn wrote:
           | > No one shall be subjected to arbitrary interference with
           | his privacy, family, home or correspondence, nor to attacks
           | upon his honour and reputation. Everyone has the right to the
           | protection of the law against such interference or attacks.
           | 
           | The Universal Declaration of Human Rights
           | 
           | https://www.un.org/en/about-us/universal-declaration-of-
           | huma...
           | 
           | > Every child has the right to privacy. The law must protect
           | children's privacy, family, home, communications and
           | reputation (or good name) from any attack.
           | 
           | Convention on the Rights of the Child: The children's version
           | 
           | https://www.unicef.org/child-rights-convention/convention-
           | te...
           | 
           | > The right of the people to be secure in their persons,
           | houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches
           | and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall
           | issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or
           | affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be
           | searched, and the persons or things to be seized.
           | 
           | The Fourth Amendment
           | 
           | https://www.britannica.com/topic/Fourth-Amendment
        
             | PeterisP wrote:
             | There's different aspects of privacy - both examples you
             | provide are perfectly compatible with a requirement to have
             | all commercial interactions to be non-private.
        
         | sobkas wrote:
         | > Ultimately, this a civic matter; as much as we want to ensure
         | we have the right to encrypt our communications, to not
         | disclose our passwords to police even when being prosecuted for
         | a crime, as activists commonly insist on, so should we fight to
         | maintain our existing rights to financial privacy.
         | 
         | But you know, you are not anonymous on Blockchain, you're only
         | pseudonymous. If someone correlate your pseudonym with your
         | real identity, they will know your entire financial history (on
         | Blockchain).
        
           | olalonde wrote:
           | Not quite. You can discover one of the many addresses that
           | are typically part of Bitcoin wallet. As for the history, you
           | can't really tell much, especially if the person didn't re-
           | use addresses which is the recommended mode of operation.
        
             | e_y_ wrote:
             | Thankfully the vast majority of the public are crypto
             | security experts and would have no problem applying these
             | best practices to protect themselves when crypto becomes an
             | everyday medium of financial exchange. /s
        
               | dataangel wrote:
               | Not reusing addresses is the default in a lot of wallet
               | software though. The user doesn't have to do anything
               | special.
        
               | jazzyjackson wrote:
               | still there is a steep learning curve between "send money
               | from my coinbase account" to "manage a self-custodial
               | wallet without deleting all my money"
        
               | headsoup wrote:
               | I think additionally, the 'casual' user needs to
               | understand Monero, Bitcoin, L2, Ethereum, etc just to
               | make in informed choice of what to use, knowing which are
               | best for privacy, convenience, security, etc.
               | 
               | It appears there are solutions available to a lot of
               | concerns, but they require substantial knowledge of the
               | ecosystem to use them and getting it wrong is permanent.
        
             | ziml77 wrote:
             | How does that work? If I make a new wallet and get coins
             | sent to 0xAAAA and then I buy something and send them from
             | address 0xBBBB, how do the miners validating the
             | transaction know that 0xBBBB has any coins available to
             | send?
        
               | jacoblambda wrote:
               | Cryptocurrencies have one of essentially two different
               | accounting models:
               | 
               | The account model: These networks have accounts and
               | balances. You make a tx sending tokens from one account
               | to another. It looks like normal banking more or less.
               | 
               | The UTxO model: These networks don't have accounts at
               | all. Instead they have what are called "Unspent
               | Transaction Outputs" or UTxO. Every transaction takes in
               | a set of UTxO and outputs a set of UTxO. All the balances
               | of assets in the inputs must sum up to the same values as
               | the assets in the newly created UTxO and you can only
               | ever spend a UTxO once. To spend a given UTxO some
               | criteria must be met. The most often criteria is some
               | signature that only validates with the public key of the
               | private key being used to sign the Tx. This also can be
               | generalised to other multi-signature schemes or even to
               | supporting smart contracts (via policy ids and script
               | refs/hashes).
               | 
               | Ethereum really was the network to push the account model
               | into the forefront and now most networks choose to
               | implement this over the UTxO model due to the ease with
               | which you can get good UX and dev experience. Bitcoin,
               | Bitcoin forks (SW or chain forks), Monero, Cardano, Ergo,
               | Nervos, IOTA 2.0, and a few others use the UTxO model or
               | some extension of it (ex: EUTxO or the Cell Model). One
               | of the big upsides of the UTxO model is that all state is
               | kept local instead of global however this local state
               | also adds a number of complexities that make the model
               | unintuitive to many.
               | 
               | ------
               | 
               | So to answer your question: You'd create a Tx from your
               | wallet. This Tx would consume some set of UTxO based on
               | what you want to do and would then produce a number of
               | UTxO going to any number of "accounts". In many UTxO
               | networks, derivative keys are supported and you can give
               | each person you want to receive money from a different
               | derivative public key/address. If they were to send you
               | money, it would go to your derivative address and it
               | would be completely independent from all the rest of your
               | UTxO until you do something on chain to tie them together
               | (say by a delegation Tx in a PoS network, by merging
               | UTxO, or by using UTxO from multiple derivative addresses
               | in one Tx).
               | 
               | As for how you'd that the UTxO is valid: Essentially it
               | just needs to exist on chain and not already been spent
               | somewhere else. Monero for example uses this to their
               | advantage with the "sum to 0" rule to provide a zero
               | knowledge non-interactive proof that a given Tx must be
               | valid without knowing the contents, sender, or
               | recipients.
        
             | danlugo92 wrote:
             | It's as if almost every crypto skeptic doesn't know how it
             | actually works.
        
               | jazzyjackson wrote:
               | Call it a UX problem. I've used BTC here and there but
               | I'm still not confident that I could keep my transactions
               | silo'd, from a cursory look at the blockchain it seems
               | obvious that you can "follow the money" from a de-
               | anonymized transaction (Say, I pay you for a service in
               | person, so you know a wallet address that belongs to me)
               | to other wallet addresses and balances associated with
               | me.
               | 
               | I can't blame people for losing interest / calling
               | bullshit on crypto before spending hours diving into the
               | details of L2, derivative wallets and multi-sig etc etc,
               | details that ameliorate the skepticism. Also these things
               | change over time, so maybe Lightning was unconvincing 3
               | years ago and skeptics just haven't given it a second
               | look. (This is me, but I'm slowly being convinced that L2
               | really does make this stuff practical, but for a long
               | time the transaction-per-second and unrecoverability of
               | lost keys made the whole field very uninteresting)
        
           | lawn wrote:
           | On some blockchains. Monero hides sender, receiver and amount
           | by default.
        
             | acdha wrote:
             | Monero _attempts_ to hide those details. This is an
             | extremely hard problem and it has not been extensively
             | tested against adversaries with deep resources. For keeping
             | your drinking buddy from knowing what else you've spent
             | money, it probably works but I would be very hesitant to
             | tell people it's effective against, say, KYC exchanges much
             | less an adversary who can do analysis against both the
             | entire blockchain and other internet activities.
        
               | opportune wrote:
               | If you've cracked Monero encryption or have a general
               | deanonymization attack, you should submit a solution to
               | the IRS' multi-year, $600k bounty.
               | 
               | There have been a few instances of specific payment
               | patterns causing de-anonymization (which just means
               | payments are correlated and identified as not-spoof, due
               | to the way the Monero blockchain works). But to be honest
               | if you think Monero in general can be broken you probably
               | don't know how it works well enough to make that
               | statement.
        
               | yifanl wrote:
               | This is an aside, but is 600k a meaningful bounty
               | compared to the potential payout of all that data?
               | 
               | I suppose I wouldn't know how much that data is worth
               | unless I do have a crack for it, so I guess the point is
               | moot :P
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | I'm not saying I know it's broken. I'm saying it's a hard
               | problem and given the stakes I would treat it like a new
               | cryptographic construct where it takes the community many
               | years attacking the entire system before people start
               | making confident statements about it.
               | 
               | One of the big concerns here is retroactivity: if you
               | make decisions because you _think_ you're anonymous but
               | that changes for any reason in the future (compromised
               | exchanges, insecure clients, sophisticated new analysis
               | techniques, etc.) you can't pull that history. That
               | necessitates more caution than something where the stakes
               | are lower if an attacker finds something clever to try.
        
               | ziml77 wrote:
               | This is exactly why I can't bring myself to put anything
               | on any blockchain, no matter how anonymous it claims to
               | be. I assume that someone will end up finding a flaw.
               | When that happens, I may as well have been broadcasting
               | everything without any security and privacy mechanisms at
               | all. Not only can the person who's broken it see my
               | history, anyone who knows the flaw can.
               | 
               | I realize that things get leaked from centralized
               | services, but there's a barrier to seeing that info. You
               | put yourself at legal risk if you download one of those
               | leaks and get caught. But there's no such risk with a
               | public blockchain since the data was intended to be
               | received by anyone who wants it.
        
         | waffle_maniac wrote:
         | Several years ago I bought some anti-malaria medication from an
         | Indian pharmacy using Coinbase before my trip to India. I guess
         | the address was on a FinCEN list because my account was
         | immediately closed. Anyone know Brian Armstrong? I'd like to
         | get my account reinstated as I'm not doing anything illegal and
         | I'm not opposed to KYC. Not a terrorist AFAIK.
        
       | olah_1 wrote:
       | For off-ramps, can't you just put up a bunch of orders on
       | something like Bisq? Slightly more work involved, but it is a
       | totally decentralized way to do it.
        
         | danuker wrote:
         | If you get large amounts of money in short periods of time, you
         | might receive calls from your bank's or government's anti-
         | money-laundering office regardless.
        
       | noman-land wrote:
       | I have a controversial opinion. You don't need offramps.
        
         | WJW wrote:
         | Say you are a miner. How would you buy the electricity to run
         | your mining rigs without fiat currencies?
        
           | epgui wrote:
           | Presumably the commenter is imagining that everyone would
           | accept crypto as payment, including the energy company.
           | 
           | This is not my opinion.
           | 
           | My opinion is that no matter how many people and companies
           | become excited about accepting and using crypto as a method
           | of payment, all of them need to pay some form of tax at some
           | point, and I'm not sure I see a reason why typical
           | governments and / or central banks would be as enthusiastic
           | about relinquishing their sovereignty on their own currency.
           | I imagine that this tax will most likely need to be paid in
           | the currency which is controlled by the government or its
           | central bank, and this is where the off-ramp problem can no
           | longer be avoided.
           | 
           | I really cannot shake off the idea that cryptocurrency has
           | just created high-tech casino chips that are not attached to
           | any particular casino, and I'm not completely sure what
           | problem this really solves in practice. At the end of the
           | day, I stay away from crypto because I fully admit that I do
           | not understand crypto: not from a technical perspective
           | (which IMO is not that important), but from a macro-social
           | perspective (which IMO is the most important).
        
       | nathias wrote:
       | yes, US has been doing regulatory capture to extract profits from
       | crypto since 2016, it's horrible but the silver lining is that
       | crypto was forced to innovate and produced the wonderful jungle
       | of DeFi that currently exists and is used by many
        
       | jqpabc123 wrote:
       | Any financial system is built on on an element of trust.
       | 
       | Crypto doesn't displace trust --- it misplaces it.
       | 
       | Instead of trusting the _regulated_ banking system, you end up
       | trusting _unregulated_ "exchanges" --- where fraud is not even
       | illegal.
       | 
       | Need an example of crypto-fraud? The most widespread example is
       | Tether, USDT. The idea that USDT is backed by USD is a well known
       | joke. No one really knows the full extent of this fraud but all
       | indications are it is one of epic proportions.
       | 
       | Yet the exchanges maintain the $1 peg for USDT.
        
         | alexb_ wrote:
         | The day that tether, and all of the other "stablecoins" die, is
         | going to be absolutely brutal. Makes me glad to not be a crypto
         | speculator. This is the type of stuff that they write books,
         | movies, and papers about.
        
           | recuter wrote:
           | What if, listen, guys hear me out, what if things just stay
           | in this limbo forever? If banks are too big to fail, why not
           | crypto? I say HODL ;)
        
             | alexb_ wrote:
             | The term "too big to fail" means "gonna get bailed out by
             | the govt". This does not apply to any decentralized system.
        
               | zinekeller wrote:
               | Definitely this is the major difference. Most governments
               | will just say to everyone (especially the government of
               | El Salvador) "we warned you!" and probably do nothing,
               | unless that ther are powerful people that can convince
               | otherwise.
        
               | i_am_proteus wrote:
               | I'm inclined to agree, but if enough individual members
               | of major governments are "bought in" to crypto currencies
               | such that their own personal wealth would be at risk,
               | things might be different.
               | 
               | Not the case today, but things shift over time.
        
             | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
             | Anyone who thinks banks are still too big to fail hasn't
             | seen the effort that the US Government has spent forcing
             | them to create recovery and resolution plans.
        
           | maipen wrote:
           | >The day that tether, and all of the other "stablecoins" die.
           | Typical hn comment, miss crypto opportunities and so decides
           | to fantasize about everyone losing money so you feel better
           | with yourself. FIY, there are many stablecoins out there that
           | use different ways to keep the peg and others that are simply
           | more trusted and secure. A good way to find out what is
           | actualy going on, is to look a Uniswap info (which is the
           | most honest data out there) and you will see that people have
           | elected USDC and DAI as their stablecoins of choice. A
           | reminder, cryptocurrencies are usualy based on consensus,
           | everyone knows tether is parcialy backed after some of their
           | funds were siezed by the gov. DAI has held its peg even when
           | ethereum tanked, usdc has been transparent. Both have nothing
           | to do with tether. No cryptocurrency will not die, not all
           | stablecoins will die (some probably will) and no santa is not
           | real either.
        
             | qnsi wrote:
             | Tether is a known scam though, so your speculations that
             | someone is angry because he missed "bigger fool" scam early
             | is unfounded.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | jqpabc123 wrote:
           | The exchanges are deeply implicated in the Tether fiasco.
           | 
           | They will most likely just collude and attempt a simultaneous
           | "rug pull" on the entire crypto market once the SEC announces
           | plans to audit "stablecoins".
           | 
           | Trillions in "crypto wealth" will just evaporate into the
           | electronic ether from whence it came
        
             | hotpotamus wrote:
             | When you have to shorten the phrase "getting the rug pulled
             | out from under you" because it's such a common occurrence,
             | your financial system might have a problem.
        
             | lamontcg wrote:
             | The SEC won't do anything with teeth until crypto and
             | Tether are already collapsing.
             | 
             | No government auditor took out Madoff, nobody wanted to
             | touch it, because he was so popular and his clients were
             | influential, and anyone investigating him would be sticking
             | their neck out. That's the kind of risk that if you don't
             | get it perfectly right destroys career and even if you're
             | right you may get blamed and destroyed anyway for pressing
             | the button.
             | 
             | Much easier politically to mop up after it all collapses.
             | 
             | Same thing here since if the SEC pops Tether then now
             | you'll trigger automatic lawsuits from Tesla investors, and
             | there's too many billionaires that are still true believers
             | who have enormous influence over the government and will
             | cause them to be overly cautious.
        
             | gitfan86 wrote:
             | Except it is fake money, they can print as much of it as
             | they want and the exchanges can let them buy other crypto
             | with that fake money. It is possible that on some exchanges
             | Tether will never crash, it will just become impossible to
             | redeem Tether for USD. People stuck holding tether and
             | people stuck holding tether propped up crypto will have no
             | way to redeem for real money.
        
           | everfree wrote:
           | Why would stablecoins other than Tether die?
        
             | acdha wrote:
             | Depends on what they're tied to and how leveraged they are:
             | anything backed on some other cryptocurrency will likely
             | have a massive crunch if Bitcoin staggers, and if the
             | largest "stable coin" turns out to be as fraudulent as it
             | looks everyone is going to get hit by both a wave of people
             | cashing out into USD/EUR/etc. and a ton of demands to prove
             | that their collateral is as solid as claimed, which the
             | first trend will make a lot harder.
        
             | jqpabc123 wrote:
             | More then half of all crypto trades involve Tether --- it
             | pervades the entire crypto market.
             | 
             | Anything that is not _truthfully_ fully backed by assets
             | outside of crypto land will almost certainly be affected.
        
           | romeros wrote:
           | there is a lot of mistrust regarding Tether. People kind of
           | prefer to switch over to BUSD, USDC, GUSD which are backed
           | 1:1 with real USD.
           | 
           | Tether is just a temp variable for trading.
           | 
           | But, if Tether goes down it will be bad news but not enough
           | to destroy the whole market. USDC is gaining ground pretty
           | rapidly.
        
             | jqpabc123 wrote:
             | _Each month, we publish attestation reports by Grant
             | Thornton regarding the reserve balances backing USDC._
             | 
             | The key item here is "attestation report". What does this
             | mean?
             | 
             | It means those issuing the report have no reason to doubt
             | what they are being told/given. They haven't actually
             | verified/audited anything.
             | 
             | Tether paid someone to issue some of these as well.
        
             | alexb_ wrote:
             | What proof is there exactly that USDC is different?
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | Random audits by E&Y.
        
               | hiq wrote:
               | According to your link below (https://www.centre.io/usdc-
               | transparency) these are not audits, but attestations.
               | Tether has plenty of these as well.
        
               | jqpabc123 wrote:
               | Reference? Show one random audit by E&Y.
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | My mistake, it's Grant Thornton:
               | https://blog.coinbase.com/fact-check-usd-coin-is-the-
               | largest....
               | 
               | Now I'm no CoinBase apologist, they're accused of stuff
               | that would make Dutsche blush, but USDC is a completely
               | different animal than Tether. I won't take payment
               | someone's share of dinner in USDT or ETH for that matter,
               | I will happily hold USDC for short periods of time.
        
               | alexb_ wrote:
               | Did the 2008 subprime mortgage crisis completely go out
               | of the consciousness of everyone? Private companies doing
               | "audits" on securities that they have an incentive to say
               | are better than they actually are is not going to give
               | anything worth a damn. If it's not a government audit, I
               | don't buy it.
        
               | benreesman wrote:
               | I don't think any part of the financial system,
               | conventional or crypto is immune from shady dealings.
               | 
               | But everyone who didn't just fall off a truck knows
               | Tether is capitalized at _maybe_ 30%, and there's a lot
               | of mediocre commercial paper in the assets it does hold.
               | 
               | USDC and Tether are completely different asset classes.
               | 
               | USDT is casino chips you have to buy to play the low-cap
               | alt-coin slot machine. USDC has a de facto address within
               | reach of the FBI.
        
           | epgui wrote:
           | From what (little) I understand of money markets, if Tether
           | were to "die" (or even just "get sick" haha) at the scale
           | it's at today, it would probably have a profound impact on
           | even my portfolio, which doesn't even have any direct crypto
           | or crypto-adjacent exposure. I'm not sure what assets would
           | be safe from repercussions.
        
           | cletus wrote:
           | Stablecoins are going to be another hard lesson for many,
           | many people and yet another example of crypto failing to
           | learn the lessons that built the financial system Crypto
           | Andys seem to despise.
           | 
           | This has been tried. We've tried pegging currencies. We had
           | the Bretton-Woods system. We've had currencies that were
           | partially or fully backed by hard assets (most notably gold).
           | For the record, since this seems to come up so often, the US
           | dollar was _never_ 100% backed by gold. Not once. Ever. Fiat
           | currencies exist for a reason. Central banks and managing
           | money supplies exist for a reason.
           | 
           | Ultimately a stablecoin is a form of price control between
           | two assets. And just like any other price control, its
           | ability to maintain that peg only go so far as how much money
           | someone has to fight against the market forces driving those
           | prices apart.
        
           | dragosmocrii wrote:
           | I've noticed so many ads on Crypto "investing" recently, that
           | makes me think we might be in the last stage of this bubble.
           | I've had a discussion with a family member and their friend,
           | and they were talking to me about investing in crypto, and
           | how XRP is backed by gold, and how they have cold storage
           | with their phone to hold their "assets" in case the Internet
           | is taked down, and how the stock market will crash and big
           | companies will disappear (like Google, Amazon, etc). And I'm
           | like what the heck.. If the Internet is taken down, why do
           | you even need to have your crypto on cold storage, it's just
           | bits.. you've got bigger problems at that time. But nope,
           | they're adamant crypto is the future, even if they have bo
           | idea how it works. Fascinating, and terrifying when thigs go
           | South.
        
             | alexb_ wrote:
             | When taxi drivers give out investment advice...
        
             | rhn_mk1 wrote:
             | It's worth noting that if the internet splits up into large
             | pieces, the blockchain splits, and the coins will suddenly
             | lose a lot of their value. That's because there's no
             | telling which fork of the blockchain wins when there's a
             | merge later. Double-spending galore!
        
               | jazzyjackson wrote:
               | > there's no telling which fork of the blockchain wins
               | 
               | That's the point of proof of work: longest chain wins.
               | 
               | Yes in a netsplit you can spend on both chains, but you
               | would need access to both chains to do so. And you don't
               | even ever have to merge them again, there could just be
               | AmericanBTC and RussianBTC from here on out.
        
             | jqpabc123 wrote:
             | About a year ago, I saw a handyman with a big sign on his
             | truck about investing in crypto --- with his help of
             | course.
             | 
             | This I took as a sign that the end is near.
        
         | everfree wrote:
         | > fraud is not even illegal
         | 
         | Just like all other non-bank fintech companies (like Paypal,
         | Square, etc.), US crypto exchanges are regulated by FinCEN, the
         | Bank Secrecy Act, and the Patriot Act, and are obviously
         | legally liable if they try to commit fraud. Most other
         | countries have similar money servicing legislation, and even if
         | they didn't, fraud is still illegal in all but the least
         | legally responsive jurisdictions. Committing fraud doesn't
         | suddenly become legal just because your company is classed as a
         | crypto exchange.
         | 
         | Now, just like there will always be a poorly regulated bank
         | somewhere in the world, there will always be a poorly regulated
         | crypto exchange somewhere in the world.
         | 
         | > Need an example of crypto-fraud? The most widespread example
         | is Tether, USDT. The idea that USDT is backed by USD is a well
         | known joke. No one really knows the full extent of this fraud
         | but all indications are it is one of epic proportions. > > Yet
         | the exchanges maintain the $1 peg for USDT.
         | 
         | USDT is a Bitfinex product. If you believe that "the exchanges"
         | other than Bitfinex are in on Tether, I'd like to hear your
         | reasoning. Most likely, the USDT fraud will collapse at some
         | point, and the rest of the exchanges besides Bitfinex, along
         | with the rest of the crypto market, will go on business as
         | usual after a short market scare.
        
           | jqpabc123 wrote:
           | _Committing fraud doesn 't suddenly become legal just because
           | your company is classed as a crypto exchange._
           | 
           | Yes, it does. Crypto isn't a regulated market. As long as the
           | scam stays inside crypto land, it is totally legal. As far as
           | the SEC and CFTC are concerned, you're playing a game with
           | Monopoly money.
           | 
           | Elon Musk can and has openly run crypto "pump and dump" scams
           | that would be blatantly illegal in any _regulated_ market.
           | The only response from the CFTC was a warning to consumers.
           | 
           | https://www.cftc.gov/PressRoom/PressReleases/7697-18
           | 
           |  _If you believe that "the exchanges" other than Bitfinex are
           | in on Tether, I'd like to hear your reasoning._
           | 
           | The only way to maintain a firm 1 USD peg that everyone (even
           | you) knows is a fraud is through collusion.
        
             | everfree wrote:
             | > Yes, it does. Crypto isn't a regulated market. As long as
             | the scam stays inside crypto land, it is totally legal. As
             | far as the SEC and CFTC are concerned, you're playing a
             | game with Monopoly money.
             | 
             | That's your opinion. I would be more interested in the
             | opinion of a judge. If you can demonstrate that monopoly
             | money has some kind of market value, and someone else
             | steals it from you, then that's a crime. There is no legal
             | precedent set that fraud is okay as long as it involves
             | cryptocurrency.
             | 
             | > Elon Musk can and has openly run crypto "pump and dump"
             | scams that would be blatantly illegal in any regulated
             | market. The only response from the CFTC was a warning to
             | consumers.
             | 
             | The CFTC is a mess, so just because they aren't
             | successfully helping prosecute a specific case doesn't mean
             | everything that was done was legal.
             | 
             | > The only way to maintain a firm 1 USD peg that everyone
             | (even you) knows is a fraud is through collusion.
             | 
             | They don't maintain a firm peg. Tether trades on exchanges
             | at market value, just like any other cryptocurrency.
             | 
             | Also, I find your "even you" comment to be a strange
             | personal attack. Are you trying to say that I'm stupid?
        
         | dataangel wrote:
         | Exchanges don't maintain the peg, buyers and sellers willing to
         | transact at that exchange rate maintain the peg. Nothing stops
         | you from submitting a buy order for 1.00 USDT paying 0.50 USD.
         | There's just no guarantee there is a seller out there willing
         | to take that deal.
         | 
         | Unless you think exchanges are somehow misrepresenting the
         | trades occuring or the state of their order books, but I think
         | this fraud would be difficult to maintain for this long on any
         | exchange that actually supports withdrawal. If you have
         | evidence of exchange manipulation I'd be interested to read it.
        
           | jqpabc123 wrote:
           | _Exchanges don 't maintain the peg, buyers and sellers
           | willing to transact at that exchange rate maintain the peg._
           | 
           | How did you verify this?
           | 
           | Has your favorite exchange ever been audited by the SEC to
           | confirm it is actually playing by theses rules?
           | 
           |  _I think this fraud would be difficult to maintain ..._
           | 
           | I think it would be incredibly easy to maintain --- simply
           | because no one ever audits their books. The crypto market is
           | *unregulated*.
        
             | everfree wrote:
             | > Has your favorite exchange ever been audited by the SEC
             | to confirm it is actually playing by theses rules?
             | 
             | Coinbase does not trade what are currently considered
             | securities by law, so its trading operations are not
             | subject to SEC oversight. However, Coinbase has gone
             | through the SEC listing process for its common stock.
             | 
             | https://www.sec.gov/Archives/edgar/data/1679788/00016282802
             | 1...
             | 
             | > I think it would be incredibly easy to maintain ---
             | simply because no one ever audits their books.
             | 
             | "We undergo regular financial and security audits by
             | external firms. SOC 1 Type II, SOC 2 Type II."
        
         | baby wrote:
         | > Crypto doesn't displace trust --- it misplaces it
         | 
         | That's a hardcore misunderstanding of the technology! It makes
         | transparent what until now has been very opaque.
        
       | ravenstine wrote:
       | _[EDIT: I wrote a somewhat long comment that really wasn 't
       | directly related to the article, so I chose to remove it.]_
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | cuteboy19 wrote:
         | The original intent was "peer to peer digital cash". When that
         | failed we got "decentralised digital gold". I can only wonder
         | what the next iteration will be
        
           | redisman wrote:
           | "Web3"
        
           | danlugo92 wrote:
           | > "decentralised digital gold"
           | 
           | You're saying like that is not a huge deal. Central banks
           | will hold Bitcoin in the future, it's inevitable.
        
             | WJW wrote:
             | Even if we accept the thesis that central banks are
             | interested in holding crypto as part of their reserves, is
             | there any reason that it would be bitcoin? It is the
             | largest cryptocurrency right now, but the space is also
             | famously volatile so it might not be the largest in a few
             | years.
             | 
             | (Btw, I doubt a country would want to hold something as
             | volatile as bitcoin since the whole point of national
             | currency reserves is to be a stable source of value.
             | Bitcoin is basically the opposite of that)
        
               | danlugo92 wrote:
               | > reason that it would be bitcoin?
               | 
               | It's the only one immune to Russia/USA/China
               | intervention.
               | 
               | > I doubt a country would want to hold something as
               | volatile as bitcoin
               | 
               | Research why it's so volatile.
        
               | WJW wrote:
               | Bitcoin does not have a single defining feature that
               | would make it more resilient to dedicated government
               | intervention than any other crypto. The only thing that
               | makes bitcoin "special" in the crypto world is that it's
               | currently the biggest and most well known, but both of
               | those factors could easily change in a year or ten.
               | 
               | As for the ever-popular "research more" response,
               | everything I ever read about it is that the whole thing
               | is so incredibly volatile mostly because of the massive
               | (over)use of leverage by speculators. In any case, even
               | if there would be a valid reason for the volatility that
               | still makes it unsuitable as a reserve currency. The
               | whole point of a reserve currency is to be stable and
               | bitcoin is anything but.
        
       | Projectiboga wrote:
       | I like this recent South Park clip
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/N8f-BQFo7lw
        
       | skybrian wrote:
       | How much do people trading on exchanges need to worry about
       | counterparties giving them tainted crypto and ending up in a
       | situation like this?
        
         | devoutsalsa wrote:
         | It's not clear to me, but I'd guess that one who uses
         | centralized exchanges would do well to focus on sites that use
         | KYC. I'm sure not everyone would agree with that, but we still
         | live in a world where one needs to convert crypto to fiat
         | currency at some point, and centralized exchanges are the best
         | way I know of to do that. Avoiding shady projects seems wise.
        
         | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
         | With an exchange, your counterparty _is_ the exchange.
        
           | bonestamp2 wrote:
           | It depends on the exchange. Some are peer to peer and some
           | trade from their hot wallet.
        
           | ycombobreaker wrote:
           | Is that really true? On traditional exchanges, the exchange
           | itself is a mostly neutral party, a technology-and-
           | marketplace provider. If a clearing member becomes insolvent,
           | the other clearing members have agreements in place to "pitch
           | in" together to keep the whole system functional.
           | 
           | (Edit: to be clear, this isn't a rosy situation: it's usually
           | a adjacent to fraud, so the SEC, CFTC, etc. pursue criminal
           | charges; and other clearing members tend to sue the bankrupt
           | one, letting the courts figure it out.)
        
             | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
             | The cryptocurrency "exchanges" are not structured similarly
             | to the stock market. There's no separation of broker,
             | matching venue and central counterparty clearing service.
        
         | gostsamo wrote:
         | If the platform has verified you, it has verified everybody
         | else there. So, the question is how reputable is the exchange.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | simonw wrote:
         | Evidently it's something you should keep an eye out for. I find
         | the fact that Bitcoin isn't actually a fungible token - that
         | there are "corrupt" Bitcoins out there that need to be avoided
         | - pretty fascinating.
        
           | jacobra2 wrote:
           | Agreed it is interesting. The US dollar has a similar
           | dynamic. The degree to which a currency is fungible should
           | incorporate its corruptability.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | mouzogu wrote:
       | > cash out
       | 
       | you're not supposed to do that!
        
         | alexb_ wrote:
         | Don't kid yourself. Bitcoin does not have any place as a real
         | currency (at least for legal purchases) - it is solely a
         | speculative asset. People buy cryptocurrencies in hopes it will
         | become worth more USD, or to buy drugs.
        
           | danuker wrote:
           | Bitcoin's blockchain is not scalable, but there is Lightning,
           | which can give Bitcoin more "currency" traits.
        
             | alexb_ wrote:
             | That has literally nothing to do with what I'm saying.
             | Nobody except for weird techno-idealists actually value
             | crypto in any terms other than it's equivalency to actual
             | money.
        
               | danuker wrote:
               | Given its higher and higher long-term prices, it seems
               | more and more people value it.
               | 
               | What are you saying? It is not widely used enough for
               | day-to-day transactions?
        
               | danlugo92 wrote:
               | The cat is out of the bag, pandora's box is open, thank
               | God with a capital G Bitcoin us unbannable.
               | 
               | The separation of money and state will bring us better
               | stability, less war, eliminate people like Chavez and
               | Putin from the world, etc etc etc.
        
               | dataangel wrote:
               | How will separation of money and state eliminate people
               | like Putin?
        
               | kevinak wrote:
               | Maybe not eliminate them, but they won't be able to use
               | the money printer as they please, effectively funding
               | things like forever wars.
        
               | alexb_ wrote:
               | ...do you understand how money works, you can't just "use
               | the money printer" to fund wars what are you talking
               | about
        
               | danuker wrote:
               | How does a country fund wars?
               | 
               | Through issuing bonds, and then inflating the money
               | supply so as to dilute the amount to pay back.
        
               | jazzyjackson wrote:
               | Sorry, are you asserting that there's one correct theory
               | for "how money works" ?
               | 
               | Where does money come from according to you?
        
           | davidmurdoch wrote:
           | I've paid with Bitcoin for many legal tangible things that I
           | would have otherwise paid for with a credit card if the
           | Bitcoin option wasn't so much cheaper (10-15% discounts
           | usually).
        
             | mey wrote:
             | Within the last year? Directly with Bitcoin or with a L2
             | network?
        
           | ravenstine wrote:
           | What do you think _currency_ is? Of course it 's a currency.
           | If people have the misguided view that Bitcoin is a bank or
           | that they should earn a profit by trading it, that's on them.
           | USD isn't much different other than that it's backed by
           | military and economic might; at the end of the day it's
           | numbers, like Bitcoin, without a decentralized blockchain.
        
             | brightstep wrote:
             | The quality of being exchangeable for goods doesn't make it
             | a currency. Even if it were a currency, it would be a very
             | bad one without many of the properties required for sound
             | monetary policy.
        
           | kevinak wrote:
           | You can use it as an everyday currency in El Salvador. Here's
           | an example from three months ago:
           | https://youtu.be/6IAc1G8xaDs?t=62
        
             | NicoJuicy wrote:
             | There are major issues with this implementation:
             | 
             | - goes down with AWS
             | 
             | - uses mongodb
             | 
             | - money disappeared
             | 
             | - people don't understand it and don't use it
             | 
             | - fees are subsidized
             | 
             | - ...
             | 
             | It's ultimately only used for 5 % of the international
             | transfers AND more expensive currency to currency wise.
             | 
             | ( I have a more complete write-up with links somewhere in
             | my comments, if you want them)
             | 
             | Edit: here https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30091410
        
               | kevinak wrote:
               | How does this refute the argument that you can use it,
               | for legal purchases, in El Salvador?
               | 
               | Also this doesn't really apply unless you use the
               | custodial wallet. McDonalds isn't, and you don't have to
               | either. If you self custody you'll be fine.
        
               | NicoJuicy wrote:
               | > How does this refute the argument that you can use it,
               | for legal purchases, in El Salvador?
               | 
               | That i wouldn't want to use it if i lived there. It has
               | no benefits, only disadvantages.
        
               | hiq wrote:
               | The comment you're answering to is pointing out that this
               | is unsustainable in its current implementation in El
               | Salvador (and implicitly unlikely to last), meaning that
               | this example does not refute that
               | 
               | > Bitcoin does not have any place as a real currency
        
           | fullshark wrote:
           | So it has a proven use case, that will never go away: illegal
           | purchases.
        
             | gjvc wrote:
             | It has a proven use case as a result of what?
        
             | tomjakubowski wrote:
             | What's the size of that market, and what portion of
             | participants bother to try covering up their transactions
             | on the blockchain between exchanging with a real currency
             | and buying/selling the drugs (or nuclear weapons, or hitman
             | contracts, etc.)?
        
               | fullshark wrote:
               | I don't know! I'm not a huge crypto fan at all, but say 5
               | years ago there was this belief among crypto bears that
               | it would be a forgotten memory in 50 years, I just don't
               | see that happening. Illegal monetary transactions are a
               | huge use case for Crypto, and i'm not naive enough to
               | think crime will be a distant memory in 50 years.
               | 
               | Now does that mean you should buy bitcoin cause your
               | savings will 10, 100, 1000x? Not necessarily, it could be
               | replaced, and also go sideways or down but I'd be
               | surprised at this point if there's no crypto-economy in
               | 50 years.
        
           | olah_1 wrote:
           | You can pretty much live off of bitcoin tbh. Or at least you
           | can spend it in a lot of places.
           | 
           | - https://www.bitrefill.com/
           | 
           | - https://foldapp.com/
           | 
           | - https://crypto.com/cards
        
             | BugsJustFindMe wrote:
             | > _You can pretty much live off of bitcoin tbh. Or at least
             | you can spend it in a lot of places._
             | 
             | > _-https://www.bitrefill.com/_
             | 
             | Buying gift cards is the same as cashing out but worse in
             | every way. Pre-converting to a limited-use intermediate
             | currency and then spending that intermediate currency isn't
             | the same as spending bitcoin.
             | 
             | > _-https://crypto.com/cards_
             | 
             | I notice that their "stake" requirements are listed in USD,
             | not CRO, and that this runs through both Visa and
             | Metropolitan Commercial Bank to do centralized back-end
             | conversions into and out of their bespoke coin. It sounds a
             | lot like the blockchain aspect adds literally nothing to
             | the equation and is just there to ride the buzzword FOMO
             | zeitgeist.
             | 
             | > _-https://foldapp.com/_
             | 
             | Same as ^ but with a different centralized backend bank and
             | a different bespoke coin that adds literally nothing to the
             | equation.
        
             | simonh wrote:
             | Only within certain extremely constrained limitations, but
             | it's an insignificant use of the system overall.
        
       | pl0x wrote:
       | Crypto has always been about centralization. It's how the VCs
       | make their x10000 return.
        
       | cletus wrote:
       | It's amazing to watch in real time Crypto Andys learn all the
       | hard lessons that went into making the financial system they seem
       | to despise.
       | 
       | The common denominator in the examples in the article is that the
       | crypto system at some point has to at some point interface with
       | the Real World and that's where it all falls apart.
       | 
       | There's an example of a woman whose bank won't process the
       | transaction. Just because it's crypto doesn't mean you can escape
       | KYC/AML laws.
       | 
       | Another example was the person whose crypto was tainted by going
       | through the same service used to launder ill-gotten gains, which
       | even assumes their story is true (eg their Bitcoins may well have
       | been ill-gotten).
       | 
       | NFTs are the same. I could buy an artwork but something outside
       | of that system is required to show it's "authentic". I mean I
       | could save the same image to my hard drive (possibly modifying a
       | pixel) and then create a new NFT and what's really to distinguish
       | it from the original? If there is no original NFT, how will a
       | potential buye revaluate the artist actually issued the token?
       | 
       | I've yet to see an actual problem crypto solves other than
       | avoiding laws. It's the biggest solution looking for a problem
       | I've ever seen.
        
         | ReactiveJelly wrote:
         | You don't even have to change one pixel. NFTs don't enforce
         | uniqueness or copyright laws or anything.
         | 
         | You can 'mint' the same image or hash or URL as new NFTs,
         | forever.
         | 
         | They're taking the old confidence scam of "This is the original
         | copy of something that other people are gonna want! (with no
         | intrinsic value)" and tech-washing it to claim that the
         | blockchain enforces originality. It doesn't, it's still all up
         | to humans to say "This is the oldest copy of all the copies."
         | 
         | People keep saying "But it might be good for concert tickets!"
         | I'm sick of hearing that. Don't carry water for a scam based on
         | some what-aboutism that hasn't even been implemented. Concert
         | tickets are working fine and TicketMaster would be dead if
         | someone didn't like the way they did things. The venue still
         | has to honor the ticket, so NFTs are still a middle-man, just
         | dumber.
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | Basically people need to launder their legitimately
       | earned/acquired crypto just so financial institutions don't flag
       | it.
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | Not sure how you understanding "laundering" but legitimately
         | earned cryptocurrencies does not need laundering in any sense,
         | just a explanation about where it comes from, like when you
         | receive any other large amount of money to your bank account.
         | This has happened to me (the bank approached me asking where it
         | comes from) both when "selling" large amount of startup
         | stocks/options and when receiving money from selling
         | legitimately earned cryptocurrencies on a exchange (the
         | cryptocurrency exchange approached me asking where it comes
         | from).
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | This article is about the explanation being sufficient but
           | the bank deciding the prior owner had illegitimate earnings
           | due to the prior use of a mixer so flagged it anyway.
           | 
           | So the way around that would be to further obfuscate and
           | layer.
        
             | WJW wrote:
             | Do you think the exchanges will throw up their hands and go
             | "oh well tricked us you clever bastard, you go free now"? I
             | think it is much more likely that, if they can't determine
             | the origin of coins because it has been obfuscated so much,
             | they will just block it just to be sure. Making crypto an
             | unacceptable KYC/AML risk will not convince the banks to
             | allow it anyway; that's just not how banks work.
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | I do think that, yes, I know what technology they use to
               | assign thresholds to transactions for flagging or
               | freedom.
        
               | WJW wrote:
               | I agree that at the moment it's probably not all that
               | sophisticated, but with the incredible trackability of
               | most crypto I don't hold much hope that there won't be
               | mandatory blacklisting of "dirty" coins. I could easily
               | see a couple of SAAS providers providing "AML compliance
               | as a service" for various blockchains.
        
       | nootropicat wrote:
       | It's getting increasingly easier to buy assets like real estate
       | with stablecoins.
       | 
       | Barring further regulations I think the peak financial repression
       | era has already passed. The worst time was probably 2018 - local
       | peak in crypto interest bringing in heat, but no dexes with any
       | liquidity. Since then it's only getting better - now anyone can
       | hold millions of dollars anonymously and transfer them to anyone
       | in the world, dexes are so liquid there are no reasons to use
       | spot cexes except to cash out, several debit card solutions that
       | can be loaded with crypto and stablecoins. Laundering money from
       | crypto is the easiest it was since probably 2013 when no one
       | cared at all - manufacture fake profits on tokens/nft held in
       | clean wallets.
       | 
       | Without new laws, the situation is only getting better. Exchanges
       | already demand very heavy kyc/aml, so the only thing that would
       | reverse the trend would be making anonymous defi a crime for the
       | users. I think it's unlikely at this point.
        
       | ta-crypto wrote:
        
       | ojr wrote:
       | Bitcoin has found product market fit with the correct privacy
       | needed for regulators to be happy with it. A few examples of
       | bitcoin privacy shortcomings, doesn't mean the system isn't
       | wildly successful. One of the best electric car company in the
       | world, Tesla, holds $2 billion worth of bitcoin today. A lot of
       | bitcoin is bad and centralized and whatever narratives are
       | missing the big picture.
        
         | VHRanger wrote:
         | "regulators to be happy with it"
         | 
         | What world do you live in?
         | 
         | All regulators are increasing regulation and oversight on
         | crypto, whether it's the western world, China or Russia.
         | 
         | The only ones happy with it seem to be El Salvador and some
         | crypto lobbyists
        
         | ClumsyPilot wrote:
         | "One of the best electric car company in the world, Tesla,
         | holds $2 billion worth of bitcoin today."
         | 
         | I don't think that's what bitcoin is for, it's a bit like
         | saying a speaker is great because is makes a great footrest
        
           | fastball wrote:
           | What is Bitcoin for then?
        
             | kibwen wrote:
             | Gambling. Unless you're rich, in which case you have
             | license to use the word "speculation".
        
               | nikanj wrote:
               | And crime. Don't forget crime
        
               | fastball wrote:
               | That wouldn't really seem to jive with GC's point then,
               | as Tesla also seems to be using Bitcoin for gambling.
        
       | JonathanBeuys wrote:
       | No word about the lightning network?
       | 
       | The receiver of a LN transaction does not know anything about the
       | sent coins.
       | 
       | Are any exchanges accepting payments via the LN? I so, the issue
       | is solved, no?
        
         | lawn wrote:
         | The privacy of LN is constantly overstated.
        
         | colesantiago wrote:
         | Lightning network is not Bitcoin and not decentralised.
        
           | jazzyjackson wrote:
           | I would say a lightning channel is centralized, but seeing
           | that there are many channels, surely the network is not.
           | 
           | And the magic internet points are bitcoin-equivelants,
           | settled in bitcoin, seems pretty bitcoiny to me.
        
         | kevinak wrote:
         | A bunch of them are and more are working on it. Here are some
         | non custodial crypto to crypto ones:
         | https://wiki.ion.radar.tech/tutorials/lightning-exchanges
         | 
         | And here are some traditional ones:
         | https://github.com/theDavidCoen/LightningExchanges
        
       | zionic wrote:
       | This is a valid criticism and part of why privacy-by-default MUST
       | become the new norm for major cryptos if they're going to thrive.
       | 
       | A lot of people don't understand that when you deposit to say,
       | Coinbase, they are looking at the COMPLETE history of your wallet
       | back to genesis. If there's anything they don't like your funds
       | are toast.
        
         | axiosgunnar wrote:
         | What does being toast mean? Do they confiscate your deposit and
         | give nothing in return?
        
           | hamiltonians wrote:
           | they can close your account and limit to only withdrawls
        
         | ajross wrote:
         | Just to be clear, though: this means that you view the evasion
         | of existing AML statutes as a precondition for crypto
         | "thriving". It's the same problem. Coinbase isn't doing this to
         | be evil or centralized or controlling, they're literally just
         | following the law.
         | 
         | Now, I'm sure there's a place for a reasoned discussion about
         | the breadth of laundering regulation and how it might be
         | improved. But your position seems to be an absolutist one (that
         | AML simply can't be allowed in crypto), and it's not clear to
         | me if you realize that.
        
           | javert wrote:
           | > Coinbase isn't doing this to be evil or centralized or
           | controlling, they're literally just following the law.
           | 
           | Nah, they're definitely in the business of regulatory
           | capture. But they have to be. If they don't capture the
           | regulators, someone else will.
        
         | hamiltonians wrote:
         | wouldn,t this lead to lots of false positives
        
           | rdbell wrote:
           | It can lead to false positives. Only the government is
           | allowed to sell tainted coins. Very convenient rule for law
           | enforcement agencies.
        
         | odonnellryan wrote:
         | You can't have it both ways. If you want an exchange where you
         | can buy crypto with USD these exchanges need to protect
         | themselves from fraud.
        
           | gitfan86 wrote:
           | This is the problem with crypto. People want all of the
           | positives of removing centralization AND they want the
           | positives of centralizing those same things.
           | 
           | They want "Distributed Code is Law" AND "Openseas validates
           | NFTs"
        
             | jacoblambda wrote:
             | You can kind of have both but it's an outright hard
             | problem.
             | 
             | If you have a functional governance system, you can
             | implement some form of vetocratic de-listing mechanism. It
             | doesn't have to stop the de-listed item from trading but it
             | is a mechanism for a community to collectively decide what
             | is and what isn't a scam/forgery/theft/etc. This same
             | system generalises to a central source of trust for a given
             | network, service, or protocol where the control is
             | decentralised.
             | 
             | Now this falls back to the first condition which is to have
             | a functional governance system. Any failure in the
             | governance system is now a failure in your system for
             | deriving trust.
             | 
             | Can it be done? Yes. Has it been done properly yet or even
             | really been done at all? No not really.
             | 
             | This isn't to say that it's impossible but we aren't there
             | yet by any stretch of the imagination.
        
       | ajross wrote:
       | One thing not noted here, and that I'd love to see some numerate
       | analysis on, is the fact that the KYC requirements among the
       | major exchanges have effectively bifurcated crypto assets. There
       | is "clean" BTC and "dirty" BTC now. One is clearly worth more
       | than another by dint of its greater flexibility (i.e. if you're
       | offered 3 clean ETH or whatever for your Pondering Lemur NFT, or
       | 5 dirty ETH that you can't convert via Coinbase, which offer do
       | you pick? It seems to me that many people might prefer the
       | former).
       | 
       | Yet... no one anywhere is trying to track that price discrepancy?
       | This seems like it would be an important bit of data!
        
         | danuker wrote:
         | > no one anywhere is trying to track that price discrepancy
         | 
         | Let me just ask everyone what they got after laundering their
         | dirty ETH. I am sure they will answer truthfully.
        
           | ajross wrote:
           | I didn't say it was easy. But a black market is still a
           | market, and has prices. People talk with some level of
           | precision about market prices for kalashnikovs and heroin,
           | why not for "mixed BTC"? My surprise is that no one is
           | talking about this.
        
             | capeterson wrote:
             | Unless I'm misunderstanding, IME the exchange rate always
             | stays the same, there's just more built-in cost to account
             | for things like trading for XMR and back out. This is
             | generally how it goes for IRL cash as well. It's common for
             | things to be cheaper in XMR as well, given that part of the
             | equation has already been accounted for.
        
         | DennisP wrote:
         | It's a little trickier with Ethereum's account model. On
         | Bitcoin each address has a list of inputs (and outputs, if
         | spent), but on Ethereum it's just accounts with balances. If
         | ETH goes into a contract that holds funds from a lot of
         | sources, then the ETH that comes back out is just from that
         | contract. If you wanted to assign it some particular previous
         | source you'd need to come up with some arbitrary method like
         | FIFO or LIFO.
        
           | ajross wrote:
           | The only thing that changes there are the nouns, though. A
           | "contract" is just an owner, and there are clean contracts
           | (KYC exchanges) and dirty contracts (mixers, anonymous
           | gateways, KidnappingRansomDAO, whatever). You can track your
           | eth back to clean (meaning KYC compliant) sources or you
           | can't.
        
       | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
       | It sounds like buying cryptocurrency might be risky.
        
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