[HN Gopher] France to Build Six New Nuclear Reactors
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       France to Build Six New Nuclear Reactors
        
       Author : cyrksoft
       Score  : 227 points
       Date   : 2022-02-10 19:22 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.politico.eu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.politico.eu)
        
       | outside1234 wrote:
       | They can sell it to Germany once the US bombs the pipeline they
       | are building to Russia (its gonna happen eventually).
        
       | megaman821 wrote:
       | This will provide a nice data-point for those who argue nuclear
       | makes more financial sense over wind/solar/battery, but some
       | anti-nuclear cabal is stopping their construction.
       | 
       | Maybe they are right and France will make lots of money selling
       | energy to its neighbors, or they are wrong, and France will be
       | stuck with some of the highest energy prices in the euro region.
        
         | LatteLazy wrote:
         | Of course, no one will know for over a decade while these are
         | being built. Assuming they come in on schedule. And that France
         | ever admits the costs. And by then people will be on to arguing
         | the next next generation really will be much better this
         | time...
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | Or some group will stop their construction...
         | 
         | I think nuclear doesn't make sense nowadays, but it's hard to
         | disagree that there are many groups working hard to stop it.
         | How you decided it's a conspiracy cabal somewhere eludes me,
         | they are very visible and very loud.
        
           | megaman821 wrote:
           | Where there are large profits to be made, detractors seem to
           | have very little effect. Why are these groups so much
           | effective than deforestation, blood diamonds, or child labor
           | groups?
        
         | neamar wrote:
         | France has historically been a net exporter of its mostly
         | nuclear electricity. Electricity price is average compared to
         | the rest of Europe, https://strom-report.de/electricity-prices-
         | europe/
        
           | megaman821 wrote:
           | That link has a nice chart. What on earth is going on
           | Denmark? There pre-tax price of energy seem pretty high
           | compared to their neighbors.
        
           | Gwypaas wrote:
           | With government subsidies everything can be made to look
           | cheap. Not saying we should not subsidize some energy
           | production, but nuclear seems like a woefully inefficient use
           | of it.
           | 
           | >In 2010, as part of the progressive liberalisation of the
           | energy market under EU directives, France agreed the Acces
           | regule a l'electricite nucleaire historique (ARENH)
           | regulations that allowed third party suppliers access up to
           | about a quarter of France's pre-2011 nuclear generation
           | capacity, at a fixed price of EUR42/MWh from 1 July 2011
           | until 31 December 2025.[47][48][49]
           | 
           | > As of 2015, France's household electricity price, excluding
           | taxation, is the 12th cheapest amongst the 28 member European
           | Union and the second-cheapest to industrial consumers.[50]
           | The actual cost of generating electricity by nuclear power is
           | not published by EDF or the French government but is
           | estimated to be between EUR59/MWh and EUR83/MWh.[51]
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_France
        
             | panick21_ wrote:
             | All power in Europe is subsidies in so many different ways.
             | An accurate comparison of prices is basically impossible.
             | 
             | I would argue, by literally any meassure, French investment
             | in nuclear in the 60-70 was absolutely paid off. CO2 saved
             | in the 80s is far better then CO2 saved now.
             | 
             | The only reason nuclear didn't become universal in the US
             | is cheap coal plants. The US would be 100x better off if
             | they had build a few 100 nuclear reactors instead.
        
               | Gwypaas wrote:
               | The main reason is cost: Then gas plants undercut
               | everything which had a steam cycle and the nuclear
               | industry has been living on government handouts ever
               | since. Alternating between "small and modular" and "big
               | and efficient" to have something to try and hype with.
               | 
               | From: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_the_
               | United_St...
               | 
               | > By the mid-1970s it became clear that nuclear power
               | would not grow nearly as quickly as once believed. Cost
               | overruns were sometimes a factor of ten above original
               | industry estimates, and became a major problem. For the
               | 75 nuclear power reactors built from 1966 to 1977, cost
               | overruns averaged 207 percent. Opposition and problems
               | were galvanized by the Three Mile Island accident in
               | 1979.[48]
               | 
               | > Over-commitment to nuclear power brought about the
               | financial collapse of the Washington Public Power Supply
               | System, a public agency which undertook to build five
               | large nuclear power plants in the 1970s. By 1983, cost
               | overruns and delays, along with a slowing of electricity
               | demand growth, led to cancellation of two WPPSS plants
               | and a construction halt on two others. Moreover, WPPSS
               | defaulted on $2.25 billion of municipal bonds, which is
               | one of the largest municipal bond defaults in U.S.
               | history. The court case that followed took nearly a
               | decade to resolve.[49][50][51]
               | 
               | > Eventually, more than 120 reactor orders were
               | cancelled,[52] and the construction of new reactors
               | ground to a halt. Al Gore has commented on the historical
               | record and reliability of nuclear power in the United
               | States:
               | 
               | > Of the 253 nuclear power reactors originally ordered in
               | the United States from 1953 to 2008, 48 percent were
               | canceled, 11 percent were prematurely shut down, 14
               | percent experienced at least a one-year-or-more outage,
               | and 27 percent are operating without having a year-plus
               | outage. Thus, only about one fourth of those ordered, or
               | about half of those completed, are still operating and
               | have proved relatively reliable.[53]
        
       | robertlagrant wrote:
       | I keep hearing from people who think nuclear's a bad idea that
       | "France is ramping down its reliance on nuclear power, so what
       | does that tell you?"
       | 
       | I wonder whether any will change their minds based on this news.
        
         | rdtsc wrote:
         | > I keep hearing from people who think nuclear's a bad idea
         | that "France is ramping down its reliance on nuclear power, so
         | what does that tell you?"
         | 
         | A cynical person might even imagine French infiltrators behind
         | the scenes supporting anti-nuclear sentiments in neighboring
         | countries in order to eventually sell them electricity. Energy
         | independence and energy costs have started wars before, so it
         | would just be pocket change spent for a future "investment".
        
           | 323 wrote:
           | Or Russian infiltrators. Isn't it funny how after deciding to
           | get rid of nuclear reactors Germany suddenly realized that it
           | needs to build a gas pipeline to Russia to cover it's energy
           | needs.
           | 
           | The former German chancellor, Gerhard Schroder is now
           | chairman of Russian energy company Rosneft, and was a strong
           | advocate of the Nord Stream pipeline project.
        
           | polotics wrote:
           | The word you're looking for is "paranoid", not cynical I
           | think.
           | 
           | Reasonably, to drop CO2 emissions by 5% each year, ie. to
           | have a change of keeping climate drift below 2degC avg, these
           | reactors won't even be enough for French energy needs...
        
             | cjbgkagh wrote:
             | Cynical is indeed the correct word.
        
           | Krasnol wrote:
           | You have to be joking...
           | 
           | France just had to turn off 3 of their rotting reactors[0]
           | and they lowered their estimates for this year to 295-315
           | TWh[1]. They're desperate, it's election year and they failed
           | to come up with a diversified energy plan for the future.
           | Luckily the recent taxonomy decision may help to avoid sharp
           | tax rises to finance this backward and hilariously
           | expensive[2] strategy but those EU funds won't run forever.
           | Expensive times coming up for the French taxpayers.
           | 
           | Why would you need conspiracies when the failure is so clear
           | in front of you?
           | 
           | [0] https://then24.com/2022/02/08/three-nuclear-reactors-
           | shut-do...
           | 
           | [1] https://www.edf.fr/sites/default/files/epresspack/2447/5c
           | 9aa...
           | 
           | [2] https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/edf-announces-
           | new-de...
        
         | joe_the_user wrote:
         | France is the only country I know that's managed to make
         | nuclear power work. Unfortunately, they haven't been able to
         | export that expertise.
         | 
         | Nuclear power plants are vast construction project. The
         | construction and large-engineering industries combined are
         | vastly corrupt in the US (look at the 3 billion dollars
         | _planning costs_ of the unbuilt high speed rail project in
         | California, look at the Big Dig in Boston, etc). In an ideal
         | world, nuclear might be great. In the existing US world, it
         | seems like a disaster waiting to happen.
         | 
         | Edit: found this text on the problems of standardization of
         | nuclear power in the US.
         | http://www.strategicstandards.com/files/NuclearEnergy.pdf
        
           | Manuel_D wrote:
           | Ukraine and Slovakia both generate the majority of their
           | electricity from nuclear [1]. South Korea and China area also
           | building nuclear plants at a decent rate (though the former
           | is adding a lot of fossil fuel capacity too).
           | 
           | When the United States built nuclear plants at scale, in
           | serial production, plant costs were also much lower.
           | 
           | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_by_country
        
             | Gwypaas wrote:
             | South Korea had a run in with a ton of faked documentation
             | and is essentially out of the game [1]. China likes to keep
             | a finger in the nuclear jar for diversification but the
             | current investments are minuscule, even though they look
             | large from an outside raw numbers perspective. [2]
             | 
             | [1]: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_South_K
             | orea#H...
             | 
             | [2]: https://www.iea.org/data-and-
             | statistics/charts/average-annua...
        
             | magicalist wrote:
             | > _When the United States built nuclear plants at scale, in
             | serial production, plant costs were also much lower._
             | 
             | As far as I know, there was never a time where US nuclear
             | power plants were built on time and at budget (and that's
             | while building more than France ever did).
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | > Nuclear power plants are vast construction project.
           | 
           | Only water cooled reactors really have that problem. Nuclear
           | plants could be much smaller. But innovation has just done
           | very badly.
           | 
           | Nuclear scale, regulation is its own worst enemy and the
           | social movements against it didn't help.
           | 
           | In the US for a while they did nuclear right as well. Nuclear
           | always does well if you actually build many in a row.
           | Learning effects are massive in large projects. Look at any
           | countries that build many nuclear plants, it always works.
           | 
           | We could literally have had 100% green energy 40 years ago no
           | problem. It was cheap coal that prevented that. We would be
           | way better of having built nuclear.
           | 
           | And Switzerland, Sweden and others have successful networks
           | with nuclear that are very green. Also parts of Canada.
        
         | _ph_ wrote:
         | Well, France has 58 mostly old reactors and have 1 under
         | construction and now announced 6 more. To keep their current
         | level of nuclear production, they would have to build like 40
         | in the next 20-30 years.
        
           | Bayart wrote:
           | New plants are much more powerful than the older ones. But
           | it's true that the relative share of nuclear is meant to go
           | down.
        
             | bjoli wrote:
             | I was under the impression that it is in the range of 1-2x
             | per reactor. There are some old Swedish ones that are at
             | 800mw, while the ones I believe the article refers to are
             | in the ballpark of 1500mw.
        
               | Bayart wrote:
               | Older water pressure reactors in France are 900mw/1300mw,
               | the EPR is 1650mw. I concede it's not as dramatic an
               | increase as I made it sound. But it should also go hand
               | in hand with longer uptimes and better safety.
        
         | 99_00 wrote:
         | Seems their mental model doesn't have predictive power.
        
       | d--b wrote:
       | Keep in mind that the presidential election is in 3 months.
       | 
       | Macron wants to show he is being pragmatic. Nuclear energy allows
       | to reduce carbon emissions without sacrificing the economy. It's
       | particularly smart in this moment of tension with Russia, as
       | Europe depends a lot on Russian energy.
       | 
       | But whether this happens or not remains to be seen.
        
         | grammers wrote:
         | Exactly. Such reactors cannot be built in a day so right now
         | this is just a political move for the upcoming election.
        
           | nixass wrote:
           | >Such reactors cannot be built in a day so right now this is
           | just a political move for the upcoming election.
           | 
           | Of course, that's why it says first reactor will go live in
           | 2035, not in a day
        
         | Nbox9 wrote:
         | > It's particularly smart in this moment
         | 
         | It may be particularly smart for this moment in internal French
         | politics, but energy independence is a smart move for any
         | sovereign.
        
         | rodgerd wrote:
         | A point which may not be well-understood by people unfamiliar
         | with French economic history is that for much of post-WW II
         | period, France's power prices have been dramatically lower that
         | other Western European countries (for industry, anyway).
         | 
         | One of the challenges that moves to get away from nuclear
         | generation have caused is the prospect of hurting the French
         | industrial base more than it's already been undermined by
         | offshoring.
         | 
         | (The other concern is keeping an independent nuclear arsenal,
         | which is completely coupled to having reactors.)
        
         | sharken wrote:
         | Politicians do tend to look for popular moves close to election
         | day.
         | 
         | So it seems like poor judgement to make these statements about
         | those not vaccinated.
         | 
         | https://www.euronews.com/2022/01/08/french-president-macron-...
         | 
         | And by the way, some European countries have already done away
         | with all restrictions.
         | 
         | Anyway - politics, can't say I'm a fan of these discussions on
         | HN.
        
       | socialdemocrat wrote:
       | I am skeptical to current nuclear power, would have liked Molten
       | Salt Reactors instead. However I see leaders having to do
       | something. Environmentalists are blocking construction of more
       | wind power, and crisis with Russia makes gas less accessible.
       | France has a relatively good track record on nuclear power. They
       | may pull this off. 2035 is a really long time to wait for new
       | power to the grid though.
        
         | ekabod wrote:
         | "France has a relatively good track record on nuclear power"
         | 
         | What does that means?
        
           | Manuel_D wrote:
           | France built out its nuclear power generation from 10% to 80%
           | in the span of less than 20 years [1]. While it's true that
           | its latest plants are having difficulties, nuclear power has
           | always been more expensive for one-of-a-kind designs rather
           | than serial production.
           | 
           | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_power_in_France#Mess
           | me...
        
           | pvaldes wrote:
           | >> "France has a relatively good track record on nuclear
           | power"
           | 
           | > What does that means?
           | 
           | That the rainbow warrior bombing was correct in their minds.
           | 
           | Checking list: Arson, conspiracy to commit arson, willful
           | damage, and murder. Concealing the real extension of 30 years
           | of nuclear tests in the pacific. Estimates of 110,000 people
           | in French Polynesia affected by nuclear tests.
           | 
           | Very nice immaculate people. Yup.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinking_of_the_Rainbow_Warrior
           | 
           | https://www.bbc.com/news/world-europe-56340159
        
             | brendoelfrendo wrote:
             | This has nothing to do with nuclear power plants.
        
         | felixmeziere wrote:
         | 100% agree Molten Salt reactors are one of the main keys to a
         | liveable future for us this century...
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | Honestly, even Molten Salt cooled reactors would be enough.
           | The most advanced once are Terrestrial Energy and Moltex
           | Energy in Canada. Canada is actually putting effort behind
           | real next generation.
           | 
           | I am more exited about this then almost anything else. If
           | these can work its a literal game changer.
        
         | p1mrx wrote:
         | Moltex's approach to molten salt reactors looks interesting:
         | https://youtu.be/7qJpVClxzVM?t=536
         | 
         | Instead of pumping radioactive molten salt between a reactor
         | and heat exchanger, they plan to leave it sitting in stainless
         | steel tubes, and use simple convection to extract the heat.
         | 
         | Oak Ridge rejected this idea in the 1950s because they were
         | trying to power an aircraft, but convection makes more sense
         | when the reactor isn't moving.
        
         | Johnny555 wrote:
         | Are there any large MSR's in commercial use? I see a lot of
         | test/development reactors on the wiki page:
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molten_salt_reactor#Commercial...
         | 
         | Building _one_ MSR sounds like a good way to prove the design,
         | but I wouldn 't want to see them build 6 at the same time. The
         | EPR design that they are building is well tested.
        
         | Krasnol wrote:
         | France just had to turn off 3 of their rotting reactors[0] and
         | they lowered their estimates for this year to 295-315 TWh[1].
         | They're desperate, it's election year and they failed to come
         | up with a diversified energy plan for the future. Luckily the
         | recent taxonomy decision may help to avoid sharp tax rises to
         | finance this backward and hilariously expensive[2] strategy but
         | those EU funds won't run forever. Expensive times coming up for
         | the French taxpayers.
         | 
         | [0] https://then24.com/2022/02/08/three-nuclear-reactors-shut-
         | do...
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://www.edf.fr/sites/default/files/epresspack/2447/5c9aa...
         | 
         | [2] https://www.reuters.com/business/energy/edf-announces-new-
         | de...
        
           | buserror wrote:
           | Ahah, it's always expensive time for the french taxpayer --
           | always have been! They even have recursive layer of taxes,
           | where you pay taxes on amounts that have... already been
           | removed from your revenue as... taxes.
        
           | lb0 wrote:
           | totaling 8 now .. but in the end will need another one really
           | going down bad to stop all the sudden pro-nuclear movement
           | here in Europe, which I can imagine only must have some
           | astroturfing behind.
           | 
           | But til then, blow more money into insurable and as much
           | green as coal and gas power plants :(
           | 
           | (And that calculations done by real experts didn't even
           | include all the other uneconomic issues from getting that
           | stuff from somewhere til storing the waste - but yeah I know,
           | all these waste will be taken by those new shiny molten
           | reactors that have no problem at all on paper and will eat
           | all the waste - both things just so far from reality in
           | practice, which almost does not exist even).
           | 
           | The common stance and knowledge here at HN about all this is
           | consternating :(
        
             | thatfrenchguy wrote:
             | > But til then, blow more money into insurable and as much
             | green as coal and gas power plants :(
             | 
             | Nuclear plants don't emit CO2, unlike coal and gas plants.
        
         | Gwypaas wrote:
         | Last time around it was negative learning by doing for
         | France[1]. I wonder what magical efficiency gains they will
         | manage to muster compared to Flamanville [2], Hinkley Point
         | C[3] and Olkiluoto 3[4] which the state owned french nuclear
         | industry is building. Well, more than magical "simplification",
         | "cost cutting" and "modular design" shown on a powerpoint
         | before reality hits again.
         | 
         | [1]:
         | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S03014...
         | 
         | [2]:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPR_(nuclear_reactor)#Flamanvi...
         | 
         | [3]:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hinkley_Point_C_nuclear_power_...
         | 
         | [4]:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olkiluoto_Nuclear_Power_Plant#...
        
           | panick21_ wrote:
           | Nuclear reactors have massive learning effects, the more you
           | build with the same people and organization the cheaper it
           | is. Nuclear own massive scale is its own worst enemy.
           | 
           | If we could just build 500MW smaller Molten Salt cooled
           | reactors we could literally build them like gas plants.
        
             | Gwypaas wrote:
             | The source regarding actually seeing negative learning
             | effects I linked in the original comment states in the
             | abstract.
             | 
             | > The French nuclear case illustrates the perils of the
             | assumption of robust learning effects resulting in lowered
             | costs over time in the scale-up of large-scale, complex new
             | energy supply technologies. The uncertainties in
             | anticipated learning effects of new technologies might be
             | much larger that often assumed, including also cases of
             | "negative learning" in which specific costs increase rather
             | than decrease with accumulated experience.
             | 
             | Sure, a nuclear cycle without the use of a steam turbine
             | may have a future. Similarly to how gas plants undercut
             | coal, and nuclear, simply due to the cost of the steam
             | plant. I haven't seen any proposals though which is more
             | concrete than a pie-in-sky powerpoint design though.
             | 
             | The other issue is that for wind you only need an axle and
             | a generator, for sun it is solid state. It is hard to
             | compete with the economics of solid state power generation.
        
           | rsynnott wrote:
           | > The plant, which has a projected lifetime of 60 years, had
           | an estimated construction cost of between PS19.6 billion and
           | PS20.3 billion
           | 
           | > According to January 2021 estimates, the expected
           | operational start date is June 2026 with a build cost of
           | PS22-23 billion
           | 
           | That seems like a... fairly modest overrun for a megaproject?
           | 
           | Flamanville and Olkiluoto were the first two of a new design.
           | Historically, that rarely goes well. Taishan went a lot
           | better, and Hinkley Point is basically on track.
        
         | kergonath wrote:
         | They will keep adding renewable sources in the meantime, it's
         | not like they'll be sitting on their hands.
        
         | HideousKojima wrote:
         | >Environmentalists are blocking construction of more wind power
         | 
         | Environmentalists really are their own worst enemies. When I
         | was in high school near San Diego about 15 years ago, there was
         | a huge amount of opposition to a solar power project. From
         | environmentalists. There was a solar power plant out in
         | Imperial County and the environmentalists were protesting the
         | high voltage lines that would bring the power into San Diego.
         | Something about them going through an area full of endangered
         | tortoises or something like that if I recall correctly.
        
           | 908B64B197 wrote:
           | I sometimes wonder if oil and gas companies even need
           | lobbying: Environmentalists are the number one threat to any
           | green initiative.
           | 
           | If they could all agree on one thing just for once.
        
             | eecc wrote:
             | Likely Shell is funding these "environmentalist groups" in
             | what is basically the corporate version of shitposting. :)
        
           | chrisseaton wrote:
           | Isn't environmentalists' argument that we should reduce our
           | power consumption, rather than destroying the environment to
           | keep providing so much power? That's not as crazy a position
           | as you make it out to be is it?
        
             | goodpoint wrote:
             | The overton window of HN is skewed so far into techno-
             | optimism that you get downvoted into oblivion for
             | mentioning reducing energy usage.
             | 
             | Edit: surprise, I'm also getting silent downvotes, as if I
             | needed further proof.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | People will advocate permanently destroying a habitat
               | before they consider taking a bus instead of driving.
        
             | isomel wrote:
             | Yeah, humans have lived fine before fossil fuels so we can
             | do it again, right? Just kill half of them. And let 90% of
             | the remaining population work in the fields like slaves.
             | Easy /s
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | Wildest strawman I've ever seen on this site. I've never
               | even remotely seen anyone argue for what you're mocking.
               | 
               | And it's not even anything to do with fossil fuels - it's
               | about renewables.
        
               | tyjaksn wrote:
               | While I agree that modern society requires significant
               | energy inputs, there is a middle ground. For instance, if
               | cities or the suburbs were more pedestrian friendly,
               | walking, cycling, etc. would be a viable option meaning
               | less use of fossil fuels by driving.
        
             | Teknoman117 wrote:
             | It's an absolutely crazy proposition because there are very
             | few people who would choose to reduce their quality of
             | life. It's far easier to switch to net-zero energy sources
             | than it is to completely redefine society.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | Some people think it's worth redefining society to
               | protect the environment. I wouldn't agree with that
               | absolutely either, but it's a logical and defensible
               | position. It's not incoherent.
        
               | pyronik19 wrote:
               | The problem is there position is completely irrational
               | when you take the amount of damage down to standards of
               | living to the negligible environmental damage done from
               | PV panels. It's almost like the goal is to maximize human
               | misery not minimize environmental damage.
        
               | stickfigure wrote:
               | Wholly impractical solutions are not defensible.
        
               | roenxi wrote:
               | "The position is coherent" is a devastatingly low bar for
               | the table stakes or redefining society that radically.
        
               | ch4s3 wrote:
               | I also don't think it's particularly coherent. Reversing
               | economic development in many places might actually push
               | populations back into less sustainable modes of
               | managing/interacting with their local environments.
        
               | ch4s3 wrote:
               | It doesn't seem particularly coherent to me for a few
               | reasons. To draw a hard line between human
               | activity/habitat and nature seems artificial. A human
               | settlement is not so different from a beaver dam of ant
               | colony in many ways. The idea especially in the US that
               | there is some pre-colonial unspoiled nature that we could
               | preserve or return to seems historically ignorant. Native
               | Americans were managing the land with fire in much of
               | North America for at least 15k years and the whole place
               | was a giant game park with archipelagos of agriculture
               | and settlements. Early settlers remarked that upon
               | arrival they could ride a horse through New England
               | forests at a full gallop, which wouldn't be possible in a
               | primeval/unmanaged forest. So redefining society away
               | form managing nature would be a radical departure and it
               | unclear what the end goal would even be. There is nothing
               | to roll the clock back to really anywhere in the world,
               | and even if you "re-wild" a lot of the continent it's not
               | clear what you would get, it certainly wouldn't resemble
               | the Americas of 1491 ecologically.
               | 
               | Mostly these folks seem like neo-malthusians who just
               | hate people and civilization.
               | 
               | I'm all for increasing bio-diversity, pulling carbon out
               | of the air, and cleaning up waste but I don't think any
               | of that requires us to use drastically less energy. If
               | anything we should aim to make energy so clean and cheap
               | that those other things become cheap and easy.
        
               | chrisseaton wrote:
               | > The idea especially in the US that there is some pre-
               | colonial unspoiled nature that we could preserve or
               | return to seems historically ignorant.
               | 
               | Who are you replying to here? Who's argued this?
        
               | ch4s3 wrote:
               | The point I'm making is that there's a certain type of
               | activist who believes these kinds o things, and they're
               | arguing for things like reduction of per-capita energy
               | use to reduce society's impact on the land based on the
               | idea that there was ever really land here that wasn't
               | actively managed by people. (At least since the glaciers
               | receded) I'm making the case that these neo-malthusians
               | want to protect an imagined environment of the past that
               | didn't exist. There are certainly things we're doing that
               | are environmentally negative form the perspective of
               | biodiversity, CO2, local water tables, etc but I don't
               | think fixing those things necessarily means using less
               | energy, or having a lower standard of living.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | Manuel_D wrote:
             | Standards of living are highly connected to energy
             | consumption. Reducing power consumption without also
             | reducing living standards is difficult to do. Furthermore,
             | power consumption is going to increase as transportation
             | and industrial processes become electrified.
        
           | nradov wrote:
           | The Endangered Species Act has become a blunt instrument that
           | environmentalists and NIMBYs can use to shut down almost any
           | major infrastructure project. No one wants to see any species
           | go extinct but the time has come to make some hard choices.
           | We may have to sacrifice the six-toed purple salamanders or
           | whatever in order to preserve the rest of the biosphere.
        
             | parkingrift wrote:
             | We're not really saving these species, anyway. Climate
             | change will eventually come for them. We can either make a
             | few hard choices now or watch as a few... hundred...
             | thousand choices are made for us.
        
           | dmead wrote:
           | tortoises and their back yards I'm sure.
        
           | joe_the_user wrote:
           | In this article, I don't see evidence for "environmentalists"
           | being the ones block wind-power, sounds more like argument
           | between levels of the French state [1]. But just as much, the
           | mantle of environmentalist can be taken by anyone, notably
           | just nimbys. There's not a copyright on the term. But it
           | winds-up even worse when others point to these idiot uses of
           | the term environmentalist and then try to push actually
           | environmentally destructive projects.
           | 
           | https://www.euractiv.com/section/energy/news/french-wind-
           | ene...
        
             | jibe wrote:
             | The Green parties of Europe, which are the political face
             | of the environmental movement, all oppose nuclear power.
             | Perhaps most strongly in Germany, but The Greens in France
             | oppose it as well.
        
           | Teknoman117 wrote:
           | Yeah, that one just boggles my mind. A few huge PV solar
           | projects out in the desert in southern California and Nevada
           | got stalled by environmentalists complaining about increased
           | shading cooling down the desert.
           | 
           | At this point, even if solar panels in the desert kill off a
           | few species of lizards, seriously, what's the alternative?
           | More damage will occur if we don't. It needs to be about
           | minimizing total damage, even if it means damaging isolated
           | areas intentionally.
        
             | valarauko wrote:
             | > It needs to be about minimizing total damage, even if it
             | means damaging isolated areas intentionally.
             | 
             | I think that's an arithmetic everyone largely accepts, but
             | they just don't want to be the specific ones paying the
             | price while others seemingly get only the benefits.
             | NIMBYism, if you will.
        
               | TulliusCicero wrote:
               | It's 100% NIMBYism.
               | 
               | Just like the complaints about how higher-density housing
               | may hurt 'the environment' for whatever city people live
               | in. Like, if everyone blocks high density housing, those
               | people don't just disappear, they're gonna end up living
               | in low density housing, and that's obviously much worse
               | for the environment: takes up more space, which means
               | cutting into nature more, and generally takes more energy
               | for the lifestyle too.
               | 
               | But that doesn't matter to NIMBY's -- the important thing
               | is that _they_ don 't have to see the environment
               | changing where they live in particular.
        
               | jibe wrote:
               | It isn't really NIMBYism to oppose remote desert solar
               | plants, it is just people who care, perhaps without fully
               | weighing cost/benefit, about any negative effect on
               | nature.
               | 
               | There is a rational case that the huge footprint of solar
               | and wind ends up doing more damage than more compact
               | nuclear or natural gas plants. I suspect most of those
               | opposing solar also oppose nuclear and gas.
               | 
               | I'd call it Nothing Is Good Enough Syndrome instead of
               | NIMBY.
        
           | parkingrift wrote:
           | Seems that green Democrats would rather throw themselves into
           | a volcano than accept anything less than their 100% absolute
           | perfect solution.
           | 
           | New York keeps shutting down nuclear reactors... and then
           | offsetting the power losses with natural gas. No one could
           | have possibly predicted this?
           | 
           | https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=47776
           | 
           | Congrats!
        
           | andrewinardeer wrote:
           | Here in Australia, it can be argued that The Green Party's
           | blanket ban and refusal to even consider let alone use
           | nuclear has contributed significantly to more carbon in the
           | air as we have instead relied on coal for the last 50 years.
        
             | Jedd wrote:
             | Is this the Green party that does not, and never has, held
             | power here in AU?
             | 
             | It feels like a bit of a stretch, given the major sources
             | of funds to the two largest political parties, and the
             | various leaders of same who are consistently on record
             | espousing the joy of coal and other fossil fuels while
             | (weirdly) claiming wind turbines are ugly and
             | (disingenuously) blaming grid outages on renewables.
        
             | rgmerk wrote:
             | This is just plain wrong.
             | 
             | Absent environmentalism or non-economic considerations
             | (hello Jervis Bay) no nuclear power would ever be built in
             | Australia. We have way too much cheap, conveniently located
             | coal.
        
               | adventured wrote:
               | Both of those things can be correct.
               | 
               | Without environmentalist pressure, coal would be used
               | indefinitely. And nuclear isn't being built or considered
               | because the environmentalists won't support it.
               | 
               | Accordingly they can get positive credit for the first
               | and negative for the second.
        
               | coenhyde wrote:
               | Maybe so. But imo we should have built a strong nuclear
               | industry including refining, power generation and waste
               | disposal. Instead of digging rocks out of the ground and
               | selling them abroad. We should refine them in Australia,
               | lease the uranium to consumer nations, then charge them
               | to store the waste in Australia. We are the safest nation
               | on Earth for nuclear waste disposal. By storing the waste
               | we would help foster adoption in places where waste
               | disposal isn't appropriate. Not to mention the waste is
               | still valuable, it can be refined again.
               | 
               | Think SaaS reoccurring revenue for waste disposal but we
               | can take that waste, refine it and lease it again. Then
               | earn more reoccurring revenue for its storage. Rinse and
               | repeat. We could corner the market for Uranium.
        
           | r00fus wrote:
           | Would it surprise you to know that some anti-nuclear activism
           | was supported [1] by the fossil fuel industry?
           | 
           | [1] https://www.forbes.com/sites/kensilverstein/2016/07/13/ar
           | e-f...
        
           | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
           | > Environmentalists really are their own worst enemies.
           | 
           | Doesn't almost everyone see themselves as an environmentalist
           | these days? The problem is - the average "environmentalist"
           | is not trying to maximize for anything.
           | 
           | It's a broad bucket that almost everyone is falling into and
           | there's almost zero common ground, no organization, etc.
           | 
           | Of course there are going to be people that oppose almost
           | everything that label themselves as "environmentalists".
           | There's always people that oppose everything! And most people
           | consider themselves "environmentalists".
        
             | goodpoint wrote:
             | Additionally any twitter bot or "crisis actor" paid by an
             | oil company can claim to belong to the category.
             | 
             | It's far too easy to blame "environmentalists" for
             | everything.
        
               | HideousKojima wrote:
               | In my example, it was other kids at my school and their
               | parents protesting it for environmental reasons. And mind
               | you, the powerlines weren't even passing through our town
               | so it wasn't NIMBYism.
        
               | jeromegv wrote:
               | Lots of NIMBY anti-development people would consider
               | themselves environmentalist. They are in fact
               | conservatives people that would rather keep the status
               | quo and are against free market for housing and want
               | their assets to inflate to insane prices.
        
               | goodpoint wrote:
               | Unsurprisingly.
               | 
               | Moreover, politicians passed unpopular laws e.g. ecotaxes
               | or bans and direct blame onto "environmentalists".
               | 
               | It can be a powerful tactic to drive a wedge between
               | general population and "environmentalists". Ultimately to
               | protect certain companies.
        
             | dahfizz wrote:
             | > Doesn't almost everyone see themselves as an
             | environmentalist these days?
             | 
             | That is not a self evident claim. At least, most people do
             | not belong to environmental advocacy groups. The largest
             | one is the Sierra club, with 1% of the US population as
             | members.
        
             | 7952 wrote:
             | I think most environmental argument is just normal
             | politics. We have just expanded what people care about. A
             | new set of things have become contraversial or virtuous.
             | And these issues can mix in weird ways that cause friction
             | and cost to people. But government and politicians don't
             | really want these issues to be political. Balancing so many
             | things is just too complex and fraught.
             | 
             | Also, a lot of environmental groups are focused on specific
             | things. Expecting them to protect the whole world and all
             | of the future is unreasonable. It's like expecting a cancer
             | charity to reduce homelessness. Someone who loves birds
             | just wants to protect birds.
        
           | Spooky23 wrote:
           | Environmental people are a diverse bunch with plenty of
           | charlatans and people willing to enrich themselves for "the
           | greater good". It's pretty trivial for various interests to
           | undermine and drive their agendas.
        
       | boringg wrote:
       | Is this that surprising given that the largest Nuclear power
       | company (Areva) is based in France and was owned by the state?
        
         | kergonath wrote:
         | It's not Areva anymore. It's been split into (mostly) Orano,
         | Technicatome, and Framatome.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Areva
        
         | jessriedel wrote:
         | Yes. It's not surprising that the largest nuclear power company
         | is based in France because France has the largest share of
         | power from nuclear of any country (>70%). However, like most
         | Western countries, France's nuclear reactor building has
         | largely stalled and they have been coasting on past
         | accomplishments. If they succeed at building more reactors, it
         | will be unusual (and imo good).
        
           | kergonath wrote:
           | Areva also had a terrible track record in terms of project
           | management. We'll see if their successors are better.
        
           | Manuel_D wrote:
           | The fact that nuclear plants last so long is a sort of
           | unfortunate benefit. Nuclear plant production is cheaper when
           | multiple plants of the same design are built together in
           | serial production. But the longevity of nuclear plants mean
           | that the need to build new ones is spaced out over decades.
           | 
           | That said, it's still the only non-intermittent clean energy
           | source that isn't geographically dependent like hydro and
           | geothermal. Plans to decarbonize civilization invariably
           | involve either nuclear power, or a magnificent yet-to-be-
           | invented breakthrough in energy storage.
        
           | orra wrote:
           | Furthermore, it's not clear they are doing a fantastic job
           | building Hinkley Point in the UK. First, in the decade or
           | decade and a half they're taking to build it, you could build
           | so much renewable capacity.
           | 
           | Second, Hinkley Point only went ahead when it was guaranteed
           | an outrageously high strike price, for the electricity it
           | will output.
        
             | sideshowb wrote:
             | I'm wondering if that strike price looks quite so
             | outrageously high now UK electricity costs have risen by
             | 50% in the last year or so
        
       | throwawaymanbot wrote:
        
       | oblib wrote:
       | Meanwhile in Japan...
        
         | loeg wrote:
         | France is not building reactors forty years ago, with
         | generators below sea level, on a major fault line.
        
       | dangyousmart wrote:
       | All french reactors are public or semi private? How does it work
       | to raise funds for these ?
        
         | jguimont wrote:
         | It is EDF [1] which is a mostly state owned company. The state
         | will finance the reactors and collect it back when they come
         | online.
         | 
         | 1.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lectricit%C3%A9_de_Franc...
        
       | tomdell wrote:
       | I advise anyone not in the know to look into France's historical
       | control of uranium mining in Niger. France's nuclear industry has
       | long been fueled by a highly unequal neocolonial relationship
       | with their former colony.
        
         | axiosgunnar wrote:
         | Well, either you have a job-providing trade-inducing
         | environmental-friendly choice or you have a choice that allows
         | you to virtue signal.
         | 
         | I know which one I'd choose.
        
           | tomdell wrote:
           | Writing off ethical concerns as "virtue signaling" is
           | pathetic - just admit you're an ignorant prick.
        
             | nexuist wrote:
             | I am an ignorant prick, and if the powers that be had
             | chosen to exploit poor people mining uranium instead of
             | poor people mining coal 40 years ago, we would have avoided
             | billions of metric tons of CO2 and saved millions of poor
             | peoples' lives.
        
         | vkou wrote:
         | I suppose they could burn Russian natgas instead, or burn
         | bunker fuel to ship wood pellets from Canada...
        
         | clarus wrote:
         | I do not think uranium is that expensive, compared to the price
         | of a nuclear reactor itself or other energy sources. I advise
         | to look at wars actually occurring for the control of oil and
         | gas (see country like the US).
        
         | Bayart wrote:
         | Those days are long gone. France's nuclear industry is fueled
         | by a legally-mandated diversified supply, chiefly from
         | Kazakhstan, Australia and Canada.
        
           | tomdell wrote:
           | Extract value and leave the locals alone to deal with the
           | consequences - how progressive.
        
             | nexuist wrote:
             | Great job moving those goal posts when your original
             | premise was called out.
             | 
             | What exactly do you want France to do in Niger to atone for
             | their sins? Build infrastructure, fund businesses, make
             | deals with their government? In other words, you want to
             | solve colonialism with more colonialism?
        
               | lb0 wrote:
               | How cynical, if that was what how colonialism there and
               | everywhere else was like, wow..
        
               | tomdell wrote:
               | Locals should have been better compensated, more taxes
               | should have been paid to the local government, costs
               | related to environmental cleanup should be paid for by
               | Areva. The business that went on there was fundamentally
               | extractive and unfair to Niger - a result of a drastic
               | power imbalance.
               | 
               | I fail to see how my "original premise was called out" or
               | how I "moved my goalposts", but great job defending
               | neocolonialism online - you really owned me!
        
       | ryan93 wrote:
       | Absurd that discussion of nuclear power brings out people who
       | think it's too pricy. 30 trillion in US debt. Ten percent of that
       | could have nuclearized this country
        
         | Gwypaas wrote:
         | And say 3% makes the entire country renewable? What is the
         | better use of money then? Energy is energy, and even better if
         | it is vastly simpler to generate with less headaches to take
         | care of afterwards.
        
           | thatfrenchguy wrote:
           | There's no even medium-size grid in the world today that runs
           | on renewables that aren't hydro.
        
             | Gwypaas wrote:
             | South Australia is getting close. [1] Give it a year or
             | two.
             | 
             | > Sometimes the sun does shine and the wind does blow.
             | That's most of the time in South Australia, apparently. The
             | average share of wind and solar during October was 72%. For
             | 29 out of 31 days, 100% of the power used in South
             | Australia (SA) was renewable. The sky didn't fall, the grid
             | didn't collapse, and the apocalypse is not nigh.
             | 
             | [1]: https://cleantechnica.com/2021/11/04/solar-wind-72-of-
             | south-...
        
               | KptMarchewa wrote:
               | Looks like Australia has relatively stable amount of
               | sunshine during whole year. In Poland, in December
               | there's less than one hour in a day.
        
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