[HN Gopher] You cannot police misinformation in a fair, reproduc...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       You cannot police misinformation in a fair, reproducible, and
       representative way
        
       Author : youcould
       Score  : 218 points
       Date   : 2022-02-08 18:45 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (twitter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (twitter.com)
        
       | andrewdb wrote:
       | Relevant: Brandolini's Law
       | 
       | "The amount of energy needed to refute misinformation is an order
       | of magnitude larger than is needed to produce it."
       | 
       | It can take ~15 minutes to create a Twitter post containing
       | misinformation, but a team of fact checkers can invest
       | hours/days/weeks into the post. The fact checkers research the
       | topic and write a refutation that's well-sourced and hopefully as
       | objective as possible. Meanwhile, there are 1,000 more posts
       | freshly minted with exciting new misinformation.
        
         | esja wrote:
         | But the fact-checkers don't spend that required time, because
         | it's too expensive.
        
       | belorn wrote:
       | "Widely available, authoritative sources" is very similar to
       | Wikipedias definition for reliable sources, and as anyone who
       | been active there knows, the process is neither scientific nor
       | reproducible. You can vote on it, you can form a temporarily
       | consensus, you can elect people to make a decision for the
       | community, but at the end its about convincing people through
       | discussions. Naturally there exist edge cases where the
       | conclusion is close to 99.9% determined from the beginning, like
       | with spam and malware, and at the other end there is the small
       | sliver of "common knowledge" that people do not disagree about
       | (ice cream is delicious, kittens are cute, bad things are wrong).
       | 
       | Remove the discussion and give the power to decide what is truth
       | to a company and what you get is the consensus within that
       | company. Naturally that won't be fair, reproducible or
       | representative. Give the power to governments and you get similar
       | results, just with more police and military, through with the
       | slight bonus of people being at least being elected. Still a
       | pretty pointless exercise unless discussion and transparency
       | exist.
        
         | pphysch wrote:
         | Wikipedia is simultaneously one of the best and worst things to
         | happen to (Western) epistemology. On one hand, it's a totally
         | free and relatively up to date encyclopedia of incredible
         | scope. On the other hand, it's a platform for political
         | propaganda masquerading as Undeniable Truth.
         | 
         | I'm not worried about someone lying to me in an article about
         | Conway's Game of Life, but I am very concerned about
         | misinformation in an article that has value to special interest
         | groups with media leverage.
        
           | dools wrote:
           | Where is this political propaganda masqureading as Undeniable
           | Truth on Wikipedia?
        
           | ratsmack wrote:
           | They would have much more credibility if they were to have
           | equal representation from both sides of the political
           | spectrum, and also include equally represented opposing views
           | in articles for controversial subjects.
        
             | brimble wrote:
             | > They would have much more credibility if they were to
             | have equal representation from both sides of the political
             | spectrum, and also include equally represented opposing
             | views in articles for controversial subjects.
             | 
             | "Both sides probably have some good points" or "the truth
             | is likely somewhere in the middle" are guidelines that are
             | wrong often enough that they're not very useful.
        
               | BLKNSLVR wrote:
               | Exactly, and demonstrated beautifully by John Oliver:
               | https://youtu.be/cjuGCJJUGsg
               | 
               | An aim at 'balance' is part of the problem because it's
               | not an aim at facts or truth.
               | 
               | Aiming at balance is the media twisting debate to produce
               | maximum outrage, and therefore increase 'consumer
               | engagement'.
               | 
               | Aiming at balance is politicians providing themselves
               | supposed reasons to maintain the status quo or move in
               | counter-factual directions.
        
               | Hakashiro wrote:
               | Indeed, when one side argues for dialogue, human rights,
               | cooperation, peace and maybe a bit of socialism, and the
               | other side argues for kicking immigrants, building an
               | ethno-state where anything manufactured on foreign soil
               | is heavily taxed, and the poor are left to starve to
               | death, the middle ground really isn't the right answer.
               | Middle grounds are rarely conducive to any intellectually
               | honest discussion and this can clearly be seen in
               | American politics: where the GOP has been sliding more
               | and more into the right, the Democrats have followed,
               | trying to capture the moderate Republicans that don't
               | agree with the new "extreme" GOP.
               | 
               | Middle grounds are a slippery slope.
        
             | nobody9999 wrote:
             | >They would have much more credibility if they were to have
             | equal representation from both sides of the political
             | spectrum, and also include equally represented opposing
             | views in articles for controversial subjects.
             | 
             | Would you expand on who, exactly these "both sides" might
             | be?
             | 
             | In the US, the "sides" are a center-right party (the
             | Democratic Party) and a far-right party (the Republican
             | Party). Focusing on two right-wing parties isn't "equal
             | representation."
             | 
             | In a broader context, "equal representation" would include
             | the far left (Anarchists, hard-core Communists, left
             | Libertarians like myself, etc.) the center (Social
             | Democrats, US Democratic Party, UK Tories, etc.) and the
             | far right (US Republican Party, the Polish Prawo i
             | Sprawiedliwosc , French National Front, Hungary's Fidesz,
             | actual Nazis, etc.)
             | 
             | There are examples of parties from the broader political
             | spectrum in most countries, including the US (Green Party,
             | American Socialist Party, American Nazi Party, etc.).
             | Ignoring them is one of the issues with the US's two party
             | system.
             | 
             | Pretending that the major US political parties represent
             | the breadth of the political spectrum is self-delusion at
             | best, and willful deception at worst.
        
             | throwamon wrote:
             | There aren't only "two sides", as much as American
             | conditioning may have you believe. And if you want true
             | representativity, you get problems like this:
             | https://youtu.be/cjuGCJJUGsg?t=182
        
             | seeEllArr wrote:
        
             | freeflight wrote:
             | _> They would have much more credibility if they were to
             | have equal representation from both sides of the political
             | spectrum_
             | 
             | Politics does not only consist of "two sides", framing it
             | like that is a very US-centric way of going about it.
             | 
             | Btw; Anybody who thinks Wikipedia is biased on politics
             | should really take a stroll trough the self-declared
             | conservative opposite to Wikipedia; Conservapedia, which
             | features some of the most delusional content I've seen on
             | the web.
        
             | pphysch wrote:
             | I think the root problem is that Wikipedia was created by a
             | couple of Objectivists and they projected that philosophy
             | (belief in a universal Reason) onto its structure.
             | 
             | Randians essentially believe there is only one correct
             | opinion (i.e. that which is true according to universal
             | Reason) and every bona fide Objectivist will (eventually)
             | arrive at that same opinion. Otherwise, they must be
             | misguided by ideology or something. Therefore let's make
             | sure only Reasonable content lands on Wikipedia.
             | 
             | The real world doesn't work like that.
             | 
             | Wikipedia would be better served if it presented data in
             | the format "According to X, Y is true" and make no a priori
             | claims about veracity. Right now, Wikipedia is all "Y is
             | true" with the implicit assumption that it is backed by a
             | so-called "reliable source", which results in horribly
             | biased and misinformational coverage of many sensitive
             | topics.
             | 
             | If you want to discard everything said by CGTN or RT or
             | NYT, fine, but let's put that decision into the user's
             | hands (literally, with cookie-based content filtering)
             | rather than authoritarianly deciding what is best for them.
        
               | overgrownzygote wrote:
               | I feel like the line between Wikipedia and Objectivism is
               | a bit of a stretch.
               | 
               | The key Objectivist principles are that are relevant to
               | Wikipedia -- realism and rationalism -- are hardly the
               | controversial parts of Objectivist philosophy. Moreover,
               | they seem like appropriate a priori beliefs for an
               | encyclopedia, given that the entire point of an
               | encyclopedia is to be an accurate reference of objects
               | and events in the real world.
               | 
               | I do however agree that the problem of trust and sourcing
               | is a huge issue for Wikipedia, and speaks to a larger
               | problem in epistemology that as our collective knowledge
               | grows, we have to rely more and more on trust and appeals
               | to authority, since most of that knowledge consists of
               | things that you or I can't easily go verify.
               | 
               | I was going to propose that perhaps Wikipedia should just
               | tighten up their definitions of "trusted sources" rather
               | than throwing out a priori notions of truth, but that
               | would just be appealing to a different authority. Maybe
               | that's the best we can hope for, though?
        
               | giraffe_lady wrote:
               | > Randians essentially believe there is only one correct
               | opinion (i.e. that which is true according to universal
               | Reason) and every bona fide Objectivist will (eventually)
               | arrive at that same opinion. Otherwise, they must be
               | misguided by ideology or something.
               | 
               | This is one of the big unspoken rules of HN also don't
               | you think? I'm curious to see if anyone else engages with
               | this one, because I think the reason-as-Truth framework
               | is nearly pervasive and actively policed here.
        
               | pphysch wrote:
               | Sure, HN has particular implicit ideological biases. Many
               | a good faith comment has been censored (i.e.
               | [flagged]/[dead]) for challenging those biases.
        
       | SubiculumCode wrote:
       | You have to revive a culture where truth is paramount.
       | Unfortunately, I think a lot of cultures that value "truth" also
       | tend to shoot down complexity in favor of simple, but wrong,
       | "truths". For example, when it comes to complex topics like sex
       | and gender, people tend to gravitate to either "There are only
       | two sexes, a biological "fact" somewhere between, e.g. bimodal
       | but overlapping distributions.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | user249 wrote:
       | A more accurate title would be "You cannot police Covid
       | misinformation in a fair, reproducible, and representative way"
       | You can't because it's relatively new, still being researched and
       | there are varieties of scientific opinion about various things.
       | The debate is ongoing.
       | 
       | You can police Holocaust misinformation in a fair, reproducible
       | and representitive way
        
       | dools wrote:
       | We don't need to eliminate all misinformation. Just getting rid
       | of the 5g/microchip/flat earth/vaccines cause autism zone would
       | be enough.
       | 
       | EDIT: We did this for ages. Remember in the 90s how the only
       | place you read crackpot weirdo outlandish conspiracy theory
       | garbage was Weekly World News and Nexus Magazine?
        
       | duxup wrote:
       | Right.
       | 
       | But IMO that doesn't mean you shouldn't try.
       | 
       | It's not perfect, yup, mistakes will be made. I don't buy into
       | the idea that you thus shouldn't do it.
        
         | Jtype wrote:
         | Right! Surely people will trust us more if we ban them for
         | saying that Covid-19 might have come from the Wuhan Virus
         | research center, or that vaccinated people can get and spread
         | covid, or that cloth masks are ineffective. Once we ban
         | misinformation then trust in media will return.
        
           | duxup wrote:
           | That just sounds like another strange all or nothing type
           | measuring stick.
        
             | Clubber wrote:
             | >That just sounds like another strange all or nothing type
             | measuring stick.
             | 
             | But yet that's what's happening. Trained virologists are
             | getting strikes for daring to talk about things that aren't
             | strict CDC narrative.
             | 
             | I think banning things like say ISIS recruitment and things
             | that are dead pan, unarguably and immediately dangerous is
             | tolerable censorship. Outside of that, it seems like a
             | political tool.
        
               | duxup wrote:
               | I think I made it clear up the chain that I don't doubt
               | folks will get it wrong.
        
               | Clubber wrote:
               | >I think I made it clear up the chain that I don't doubt
               | folks will get it wrong.
               | 
               | Right but I'm reading it like you don't seem to have a
               | concern about accountability and how wrong these
               | organizations are currently getting it. At what point do
               | they get it so wrong so often, it's better for society
               | that they stop trying. At what point does getting it so
               | wrong so often turn from "curating misinformation" turn
               | into "silencing political opposition."
               | 
               | I know this is over the top, but if 20% of death penalty
               | cases were, "oops we got it wrong," it's time for them to
               | stop trying to implement the death penalty.
        
               | duxup wrote:
               | I'm all for accountability and improving.
               | 
               | The death penalty has the convenience of having very good
               | other options and generally resources dedicated to a few
               | events. Personally I see no reason for the death penalty
               | considering the alternatives.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | I thought I had this figured out, and then you
               | complicated it and messed me up.
               | 
               | Nobody is actually targeting _misinformation_. (How much
               | are flat-earthers censored?) What they 're actually
               | targeting is _speech we don 't like_. We might say
               | "harmful" instead of "don't like", but I'm not sure how
               | sharply that division can be drawn; if you don't like
               | certain speech, you can find reasons to claim it is
               | harmful.
               | 
               | And you could argue that the lab leak hypothesis was
               | harmful. It was leading people to mistrust scientific
               | experts at a time when they really needed to listen to
               | experts, when not listening to experts was causing
               | definite harm, including a lot of death. The lab leak
               | hypothesis was also almost certainly false... until it
               | wasn't, until it became at least reasonably plausible.
               | 
               | So I was all ready to say that it's just speech we don't
               | like, and censoring speech because we don't like it is
               | not an acceptable thing to do... and then you mentioned
               | ISIS recruitment videos. _That_ is speech I don 't like.
               | It's speech that is harmful. It's speech that probably
               | contains a number of statements that are provably false.
               | 
               | So I'd _really_ like to draw the line where the lab leak
               | hypothesis is OK (even when almost everyone thought it
               | was false), and ISIS recruitment videos are clearly
               | censorable. But at the moment, I don 't see how to do it,
               | other than my intuition of what's OK and what's not. And
               | my intuition doesn't work when someone other than me is
               | doing the actual deciding.
               | 
               | Can anyone state a clear standard here? (The more
               | objective, the better.)
        
             | kerneloftruth wrote:
             | The examples shouldn't sound strange, as they all happened
             | during the past two years. What is "misinformation" one day
             | (complete with banning and shaming) is "fact" or "science"
             | the next, and vice-versa.
        
       | wonnage wrote:
       | Moderation/censorship/whatever you want to call it is a heavy-
       | handed solution to a societal problem. The fact is that science
       | isn't a linear process and the general consensus will flip all
       | the time and this is normal. Coordinating a public health
       | response while the science is still being conducted in real time
       | necessitates some educated guesses which might be wrong. An
       | effective response also requires adaptation in the face of new
       | evidence.
       | 
       | All of this uncertainty is in direct opposition to how large
       | groups of humans behave. There was a HN post recently using MSFT
       | Azure as an example about why executive/C-level communication is
       | so repetitive and basic; you simply can't announce something to a
       | thousand people and expect them to understand context and nuance.
       | The example there was that the execs zeroed in on new features
       | above all else, resulting in tons of bugs. But trying to focus on
       | both features _and_ bugs was a lose-lose, people would find
       | excuses to not do things using whichever focus was more
       | convenient.
       | 
       | Executive Q&As at big companies are another example. I'm not sure
       | why we still do them. It's simply not possible to have a deep
       | dialogue in this environment. You wind up with disgruntled
       | employees tossing up call-out questions, CEOs dodging any sort of
       | concrete answer, and nobody walks away better informed. Let me be
       | clear, I _loved_ these at a smaller company where the CEO
       | actually knew me personally, but they are a colossally cringe
       | waste of time at a 2k+ person company.
       | 
       | The big platforms are also in direct opposition to one of the
       | solutions to this problem, which is breaking down communication
       | to small groups of people that actually know each other, and
       | rationally discussing context and nuance _is_ possible. Twitter
       | is built around having the entire internet respond to a tweet. Of
       | course this results in chaos.
       | 
       | Moderation is the only solution. It doesn't have to be balanced,
       | as long as people stick around and keep using the service.
        
       | lcall wrote:
       | It may be true that we "cannot police misinformation" in a good
       | way. I haven't figured out otherwise.
       | 
       | BUT: I'd _really_ like to know what would happen if we required
       | putting some words like this all over the place (FB, ...):
       | "Please consider: are info sources accurate and reliable? How do
       | we know that?--perhaps based on trustworthy behavior over time of
       | the original eyewitness and all reporters in the chain to us; and
       | corroboration by other such reliable sources? And/or of the
       | organization that employs those people? Do you know who they are,
       | exactly, and their history?"
       | 
       | (I read about some study that I couldn't find later, which said
       | something(?) like that had a useful impact.)
       | 
       | I and my extended family have traveled, read a lot from a variety
       | of sources, gravitate to plainness and honesty and personal
       | growth/learning more than to entertainment, and know people who
       | know people who travel extensively, have personal experience in a
       | variety of fields, etc, and I think many of us are very careful
       | about whom to believe, for what. I think most of us (?) would
       | know, soon enough at least, if we were being duped by digital
       | sources about important things.
       | 
       | Edit: to aid my thinking, here are some interesting other
       | thoughts I got from others' comments here: A significant % of
       | humanity chooses what to believe not based on
       | facts/reliability/truth/honesty/goodwhatevers, but based on
       | things like: ego, group membership, repetition, and what they
       | want to believe (I suppose because it feels more
       | reassuring/familiar/comfortable/safe/simple/easy for them at the
       | time, sometimes due to fears or the other reasons listed above
       | like ego, group..). I suppose rampant addictions (including porn)
       | are major contributing/distorting factors, as people try to self-
       | medicate for their fears and hurts.
       | 
       | Now, how might one best decide whether oneself is susceptible?
       | Maybe we can consider, now and again, what we love the most --
       | truth, kindness, improvement of self and others, etc, or
       | pleasure/power/attention? I think the first 2 commandments as
       | taught in Christianity are relevant: to love God w/ all our
       | heart, might, mind, and strength (which I suppose is aided by
       | understanding His true nature and the good he offers us); and to
       | love our neighbor (every other human) as ourselves -- treating
       | them the way we would want to be treated, helpfully for their
       | specific situation.
        
         | 8note wrote:
         | Tooling for showing that breadcrumbing would be handy.
         | 
         | Just a link to the written content doesn't give a lot of
         | context to how reliable that content is.
         | 
         | I think it's very profitable for social media sites to promote
         | hard to verify information though, so it's unlikely to change
        
       | sleepingadmin wrote:
       | Policing misinformation is not a thing. This isn't a genuine
       | term, it's only censorship. Censorship is never fairly applied.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | lcall wrote:
         | I upvoted you, even though "never" is a big word, because
         | though I think about history a lot, no counter-examples readily
         | come to mind, sadly. Except me, I'm usually right. Just ask me.
         | Right? :)
        
       | more_corn wrote:
       | Bullshit. In the beginning there was the word. Next there was the
       | lie.
       | 
       | All throughout human history we've tried to figure out what
       | actually is. The key component of that is figuring out what
       | information we can trust.
       | 
       | We can never simply throw our hands in the air and say "it can't
       | be done" "it can't be fair" or any othe cop out. We all do it
       | every minute of every day. We can do it better, we must!
        
         | nickthegreek wrote:
         | Not to chicken and egg it, but I bet humans lied before we ever
         | uttered words.
        
           | retox wrote:
           | >In a study that challenges current ideas about the insect
           | brain, researchers have found that honey bees on cocaine tend
           | to exaggerate.
           | 
           | https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2008/12/081223091308.h.
           | ..
        
           | VikingCoder wrote:
           | I can never find the Far Side that I want to find. There's
           | one where one cave man is holding his hands up really far
           | apart, and the other cave man is shaking his head in doubt,
           | and it's captioned something like "Early fishermen"
        
             | chris_va wrote:
             | not quite the same, maybe "early plumbers"?
        
           | sapsucker wrote:
        
         | ravi-delia wrote:
         | We as people can for sure. But there is no ruleset anyone could
         | come up with that would be accurate or fair.
        
         | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
         | I think the main question is:
         | 
         | If we must, then why we must?
        
       | im3w1l wrote:
       | I think if you truly want to battle misinformation then you can't
       | use the approach of dragging people kicking and screaming to The
       | Truth. Rather, help people find it for themselves. Give people
       | empowering tools to find the truth whatever it may be.
       | 
       | Three examples: Formal logic, statistics, and how to detect
       | deception. All of these are general purpose. Teach people about
       | fallacies, what an appropriate sample size is and make them play
       | Diplomacy. Teach about historic hoaxes and how they were
       | disproven, as well as about conspiracies, ones that were
       | successful and others that were uncovered and failed. Tell the
       | stories of corruption and coups.
       | 
       | For technology companies, build un-opinionated features that
       | users love and work so well that people opt-in.
        
         | dfxm12 wrote:
         | I agree that education plays an important role in this. It's
         | not a coincidence that the political party whose leaders
         | claimed that covid is a hoax is also the political party
         | writing legislation to censor teachers and ban books.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | im3w1l wrote:
           | > It's not a coincidence that the political party whose
           | leaders claimed that covid is a hoax is also the political
           | party writing legislation to censor teachers and ban books.
           | 
           | Both of those are misleading half-truths, but that is better
           | discussed in another thread.
        
       | barbazoo wrote:
       | Unrelated but how does one sign up "anonymously" to twitter these
       | days? I tried one of my twilio phone numbers, one of which even
       | worked with facebook but they're being rejected by twitter. Is
       | there a way to sign up without a phone number?
        
         | shepherdjerred wrote:
         | I was able to do it via a Google Voice number a few years ago
        
       | TulliusCicero wrote:
       | You can't police society in a fair, reproducible, and
       | representative way either, but how many people want to get rid of
       | police entirely? Only a tiny fringe.
       | 
       | Sometimes the grossly imperfect solution is still an improvement
       | on no solution at all.
       | 
       | "Don't bother policing misinformation" can't have methodological
       | flaws the way moderating can, because it's just the absence of
       | something. But ultimately what I think most people care about
       | isn't soundness of methodology, but the results, and so the
       | question you have to answer is: is a popular platform that makes
       | no effort to control misinformation healthier for society than
       | ones that do make that effort?
        
       | lmc wrote:
       | It might be easier if we stopped considering twitter and
       | instagram as suitable places to publish nuanced, serious stuff
       | that was liable to misinterpretation and misrepresentation
        
       | m12k wrote:
       | Just like the last couple of years have turned us all into
       | amateur epidemiologists, the last handful of years have turned us
       | all into amateur epistemologists. The very foundations of how we
       | as a society collectively decide on what reality is, have come
       | under an adversarial attack. So now we're living through the
       | societal equivalent of realizing that we've been storing
       | passwords in plaintext and have been hacked. We're trying to
       | minimize the damage and fallout, and stop the damage from
       | happening further, all the while trying (and failing) to invent a
       | set of best practices to prevent this from happening again.
        
         | helen___keller wrote:
         | > So now we're living through the societal equivalent of
         | realizing that we've been storing passwords in plaintext and
         | have been hacked.
         | 
         | Or perhaps, we see everyone else around us has their passwords
         | in plain text, but we haven't yet checked our own.
         | 
         | It's easy to call out low hanging fruit like QAnon or
         | /r/superstonk but harder to personally introspect which major,
         | identity-defining beliefs that I have can be attributed to the
         | global hive mind, and in which ways that made me subject to
         | strange influence by motivated actors.
        
           | Mezzie wrote:
           | This is why I rotate my social media/news consumption habits
           | every couple of months. I go from right to left, select a
           | particular bubble to wade into for a while. Then I stop.
           | Switching up your bubbles on purpose makes you more aware of
           | them.
           | 
           | It helps that my political beliefs are unorthodox enough that
           | I can agree with most groups about _something_ , though.
        
             | BLKNSLVR wrote:
             | Or perhaps that's why you can agree with most groups about
             | _something_.
             | 
             | Common ground is key to understanding.
        
       | akulbe wrote:
       | This is why censorship doesn't work to combat misinformation.
       | People are going to make up their own minds, no matter what.
        
       | jimmyjazz14 wrote:
       | I don't think we have a misinformation problem in the US we have
       | a trust problem and censorship is not a path to building trust.
        
         | pphysch wrote:
        
       | bell-cot wrote:
       | Plausibly true...but on large social media platforms, you could
       | at least get slightly sane about how much _scale_ matters. If I
       | share videos  / photos / captions of my great-grandsons enjoying
       | a bubble bath with a few older in-laws...the Brain Police do NOT
       | need to check what I say about COVID, or whether a 1-year-old
       | boy's nipple can be seen through the bubbles. Vs. if some content
       | is suddenly being viewed by thousands or millions of people -
       | maybe that's where 99.9% of the fact-checkers and well-
       | intentioned censors should be focusing.
       | 
       | And maybe show some humor about it. Say, tag the COVID-fiction
       | stuff with "This content is cool and getting really popular, but
       | it seems pretty weak in the Facts Dept. If you enjoy it, you
       | might also want to check out _Night of the Living Dead_ , _An
       | American Werewolf in London_ , _Shadow of the Vampire_ , and _The
       | Andromeda Strain_. Sign up for Horror Classics now, and get your
       | first month _free_ with discount code  'COVID'..."
        
       | sharmin123 wrote:
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | You have to delete them all and let God sort them out.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | babagabooj wrote:
       | I have a theory that as long as transmitting a piece of
       | information is profitable it will be transmitted, 99% of the
       | time. You can change the percentage but you can't reduce it to 0.
        
       | adamrezich wrote:
       | interesting to see "5G" on the "outright misinformation" section
       | of the graph in the illustration, because this is yet another
       | example of just how muddy things are.
       | 
       | John C. Dvorak was fired from his decades-long tenure at PC
       | Magazine after he wrote a column _questioning_ 5G technology. the
       | US was well on its way to integrate Chinese 5G technology into
       | our telecommunications infrastructure, and then that got pulled
       | (I think?). somewhere in there, people made all kinds of
       | accusations about 5G, ranging from  "there's potential for
       | ongoing health issues due to exposure, maybe" to "5G gives you
       | covid" to "no wait it triggers the microchips in the vaccines and
       | controls your thoughts."
       | 
       | the 5G rollout is fishy, not least because mild, reasonable
       | criticism and/or asking "why do we really need this, we can
       | already stream 1080p videos to smartphones via 4G, what else
       | could possibly be achieved by increasing bandwidth, given that in
       | order to do so, you need a much higher density of transmitters,
       | maybe that's not the best idea" now lumps you in with "5G is
       | turning the frogs gay" or whatever. you _have_ to be
       | unquestioningly in support of 5G deployment or else you 're a
       | Conspiracy Theorist who implicitly believes all the crazy things
       | I said above.
       | 
       | case in point: the image in this post that labels "5G" (broadly!!
       | without even the nuance of addressing _any_ specific
       | accusation!!!) as  "outright misinformation". if you aren't the
       | kind of person who thinks critically about these things, but
       | agrees with the _content_ of the post, that we 're living in a
       | deluge of misinformation and also agrees that it's impossible to
       | police this misinformation in a fair, reproducible, and
       | representative way... you may come away from reading this post
       | and viewing the associated image thinking "every possible
       | negative thing I've heard about 5G technology is definitely, 100%
       | 'outright misinformation'".
       | 
       | and this is exactly the point I'm making here: misinformation is
       | easier than ever to produce because you don't have to poison the
       | well, you can just dump a load of sewage right into it and then
       | that well is forever tainted, critical thought is suppressed
       | under a load of bullshit, then there's some new story the next
       | day to move your attention onto the next thing.
       | 
       | unless we outlaw smartphones, none of this is ever going away.
       | this is the natural consequence of carrying the Internet in our
       | pockets.
        
       | lern_too_spel wrote:
       | The Cochrane review that was removed agrees with the
       | authoritative sources that Instagram uses. This seems to be a
       | case of misapplication of policy and doesn't support the OP's
       | thesis that the policy itself is bad.
       | 
       | I would argue that the Cochrane Library itself should be
       | considered an authoritative source, but again, that is a problem
       | with application of policy rather than a problem with the policy
       | itself.
        
       | mfer wrote:
       | misinformation is hard to characterize.
       | 
       | This week I was reading about how cholesterol studies are funded
       | by the egg industry 60% of the time. They have a financial
       | interest in the studies going their way and those studies do.
       | Yet, many studies not funded by them go a very different route.
       | 
       | Is it misinformation when you speak out against them?
       | 
       | The same can be said for a lot of things. You need to dig into
       | the details to have an understanding of what's going on.
       | 
       | The other day I was listening to an edge theory on something. I
       | didn't know I would be hearing one when I first took the time to
       | listen. The theory was based on evidence, the case was logical
       | and well reasoned, and what was different was assumptions. The
       | conclusion was not the majority. Is that misinformation?
       | 
       | We don't tend to go deep anymore so how can we tell where
       | misinformation really exists? Who decides what's a kind of hard
       | that needs to be stopped?
       | 
       | There is so much depth to this topic.
        
         | sleepingadmin wrote:
         | >This week I was reading about how cholesterol studies are
         | funded by the egg industry 60% of the time. They have a
         | financial interest in the studies going their way and those
         | studies do. Yet, many studies not funded by them go a very
         | different route.
         | 
         | The lipid hypothesis used to be a theory. A significant portion
         | of the 'science' has been revealed to be illegitimate.
         | Cholesterol had a 'scientific consensus' that it was evil
         | causing virtually all cardiovascular disease. Used to...
         | 
         | So what happened? In 2005 you now have to declare your
         | conflicts of interest. Dieticians suddenly started falling
         | bigtime to conflicts of interest. Virtually all of them
         | publishing that cholesterol was evil had conflicts. They were
         | funded heavily by the cereal companies. Science started looking
         | at the lipid theory and it's all fraud.
         | 
         | Cholesterol is no longer a boogy man. The lipid hypothesis has
         | been downgraded to an invalid hypothesis. If you're taking
         | statins, go talk to your doc and get off them.
         | 
         | >Is it misinformation when you speak out against them?
         | 
         | When the statin patents expired in 2016. It's not a surprise
         | that the keto movement reformed in 2017. That cholesterol
         | became a hypothesis and we found out what's really going on.
         | 
         | Ancel Keys much later in life acknowledged that dietary
         | cholesterol has absolutely nothing to do with blood
         | cholesterol.
         | 
         | The even more interesting since the conflict of cinterest
         | change. People have been trying to understand what the actual
         | real data says. Cholesterol may be real problem, but why?
         | You'll notice... this was also published in 2017.
         | 
         | https://blogs.webmd.com/from-our-archives/20170710/how-sugar...
         | 
         | Sugar in your diet damages cholesterol and makes your body
         | struggle at cleaning it up. They found however, sugar isn't
         | exactly the culprit. It's refined sugars and mostly candy and
         | related high sugar things that are causing the problem.
         | 
         | >The same can be said for a lot of things. You need to dig into
         | the details to have an understanding of what's going on.
         | 
         | Censorship is hard. Anything being labelled misinformation is
         | immediately considered something that must be evaluated.
        
           | brandonmenc wrote:
           | Since about 2010 heart disease has been on the rise again
           | after decades of decline, which seems to coincide with the
           | craze in keto type diets. Sugar consumption has declined
           | slightly over that same time period.
        
           | mfer wrote:
           | I've heard this before. There has been a large uptake in
           | publications on cholesterol from the egg industry. But, you
           | have to look beyond direct funding for a study. For example,
           | I was looking at how one company give money to a non-profit
           | they control. The non-profit funds the studies. Studies don't
           | say they were funded by the company. Money was effectively
           | laundered.
           | 
           | Drug companies wanted to sell people on statins so they
           | funded studies. Egg companies want people to eat eggs that
           | are high in cholesterol so they fund studies. It's a mess of
           | advertising.
           | 
           | High cholesterol is know to lead to atherosclerosis[1]. It's
           | one of the things that is involved in forming the plaques
           | that build up in arteries which lead to forms of heart
           | disease.
           | 
           | What caught my attention was the long term studies around the
           | people of loma lima. There are many vegans and vegetarians
           | there who have been involved in long term studies. They have
           | the same jobs as others in the area, live in the same area,
           | and have many of the same habits of others with different
           | diets. This has been great for looking at how diet affects
           | things. Through those studies they've learned a lot about how
           | diet affects cardiovascular disease.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health-topics/atherosclerosis
        
           | 1415926535 wrote:
           | >The lipid hypothesis used to be a theory
           | 
           | >Science started looking at the lipid theory and it's all
           | fraud.
           | 
           | I'm sorry, but even the most cursory of google searches
           | indicates that this is not at all correct.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_hypothesis#Consensus
        
           | mike00632 wrote:
           | To be clear, you can study high cholesterol by simply having
           | test subjects eat eggs. It reliably raises serum cholesterol
           | in real time. It's also the reason why blood cholesterol
           | tests have you fast before testing. Seeing what foods raise
           | cholesterol isn't some mysterious science that we haven't
           | cracked.
           | 
           | All of the egg-industry funded studies which try to show that
           | "dietary cholesterol doesn't affect serum cholesterol" are
           | doing extreme mental and linguistic gymnastics. That
           | statement, which can sometimes be shown to be true, only
           | applies to dietary cholesterol _in isolation from any other
           | food_ , including cholesterol in isolation from the rest of
           | the egg. Dietary cholesterol with saturated fat, which is the
           | most common way that dietary cholesterol is consumed, does
           | more to raise serum cholesterol than any other food. Oh, and
           | also high cholesterol is a necessary condition for heart
           | disease.
        
       | calumetregion wrote:
       | This is well laid out, but it absolutely freaks me out that we
       | even have to explain to very smart people why free expression of
       | ideas is important. I know it's human nature to persecute, but I
       | hate being reminded of it so often.
        
       | dheera wrote:
       | I find on Facebook these days I often have to use some substitute
       | Unicode characters and obscure out words in pictures if I want my
       | post to be seen by my own friends. Even if it's a scientific,
       | reputable piece of content, all it takes is a word like "COVID"
       | or "election" to trigger their censorship system and my post
       | doesn't show up in their newsfeeds.
       | 
       | I'm tired of this censorship bullshit where companies play
       | gatekeeper between me and my own friends. Even WeChat in China
       | doesn't censor this much. Almost always if I post something on
       | WeChat my friends see it in their feeds within seconds. But on
       | Facebook, nope. Their algo stands in-between and decides whether
       | or not it should be censored from each friend.
        
         | micromacrofoot wrote:
         | its about so much more than simple censorship, they also more
         | heavily push certain information to certain people... this kind
         | of thing can influence where you shop, who you're friends with,
         | and who you vote for... and most people aren't even conscious
         | of it... this kind of opaque algorithmic feed should be illegal
        
         | wwweston wrote:
         | > all it takes is a word like "COVID" or "election" to trigger
         | their censorship system
         | 
         | I can count multiple posts on my newsfeed in the last 48 hours
         | on both topics, for better and worse.
         | 
         | Whatever it takes to have something cross a threshold where it
         | doesn't show in newsfeeds, it's definitely something more than
         | words like "covid" or "election."
        
           | CamperBob2 wrote:
           | The fact that the policy is not fully disclosed is, in
           | itself, not OK.
           | 
           | And no, I don't care that disclosing specific moderation
           | rules "helps the bad guys." That's another pernicious modern
           | trope, and another example of online services confusing their
           | problem with my problem.
        
           | dheera wrote:
           | For ads, businesses, and groups, that's fine.
           | 
           | But for friends, if I mutually added someone as a friend, I
           | want to see 100% of their content by default, with an option
           | to mute their content if they get annoying.
           | 
           | I don't want an algorithm deciding this for me.
           | 
           | I have COVID experts in my friend circle and I most certainly
           | want to see 100% of their posts, for example.
        
             | wwweston wrote:
             | I'm speaking of posts that I see from friends.
             | 
             | I'm sympathetic to the problems of algorithms mediating
             | what's seen; I'm often annoyed at the ways feeds are put
             | together myself. I'm especially annoyed that the former
             | feature enabling you to look at a feed of _specific lists
             | of friends_ seems to have fallen by the wayside.
             | 
             | That's distinct from the issue of whether FB is
             | systematically demoting / hiding posts by keyword, and
             | there's evidence that they're not doing it based off the
             | keywords you specified.
        
               | bmarquez wrote:
               | I've also noticed some strange behavior based on those
               | types of keywords on Facebook as well, but there is
               | something more than just the keyword itself. I believe
               | there there is some sort of user reputation rating or
               | other algorithmic factor (or maybe even their own friends
               | reporting the content) -- because certain people on my
               | feed get demoted faster than others.
               | 
               | Unfortunately unless the algorithm is disclosed to the
               | public (IMO it should) nobody will know with certainty.
        
             | TameAntelope wrote:
             | Find a service that provides this for you, or build that
             | service yourself. At the very least, you'll discover why no
             | existing service provides this.
             | 
             | "I want" doesn't translate directly into value for
             | everyone. Heck, it's fairly rare for you to even know what
             | you actually want.
             | 
             | I do grow weary of the constant, "But I _want_ it! "
             | attitude that seems pervasive on the Internet. You aren't
             | entitled to the perfect-for-you feed from Facebook.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | 8note wrote:
               | I used to have one in Facebook, and I used to have one in
               | instagram.
               | 
               | These platforms got users by providing that service, and
               | only remove them later once they want to exploit us
        
               | dheera wrote:
               | > Find a service that provides this for you
               | 
               | Sure, Twitter and Wechat do mostly what I want in terms
               | of not censoring content between friends.
        
             | nitwit005 wrote:
             | > But for friends, if I mutually added someone as a friend,
             | I want to see 100% of their content by default, with an
             | option to mute their content if they get annoying.
             | 
             | Facebook very deliberately removed the option to get a raw
             | feed, and a lot of people have never forgiven them for it.
             | All sorts of totally mundane stuff you post won't get seen.
        
         | 8note wrote:
         | It doesn't even take that. If Facebook doesn't want you to see
         | somebody's updates, you'll never see anything from them.
         | 
         | It really likes to show covid stuff though, since that drives
         | their engagement and advertising bits. You have to click an
         | extra button to see the post in the end, but you're still
         | notified that the post exists
        
       | aaronchall wrote:
       | Should we police flat-Earthers?
       | 
       | They seem to so desperately want the world to be flat that they
       | will come up with any argument that whatever conclusively
       | disproving new evidence they just looked at to prove their idea
       | was somehow manipulated or in some other way confounded.
       | 
       | Surely when others hear their sincerely delivered explanations
       | some will also conclude that the world is flat.
       | 
       | Is there a cost-benefit analysis we should perform here?
       | 
       | What are the costs and benefits of policing misinformation about
       | other subjects?
        
         | txsoftwaredev wrote:
         | If a person or organization truly believes the earth is flat
         | then let them. It just makes it easier to avoid them.
        
       | pelasaco wrote:
       | From the comment section:
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/dnunan79/status/1491073564447244288/phot...
       | 
       | It is interesting, how the concept of misinformation is bound to
       | time. Imagine 1 year ago, somebody would say:
       | 
       | "if you are vaccinated, you are still able to catch covid and
       | spread covid", or "cloth masks don't work", or even the first
       | "misinformation" from the whole pandemic "covid was leaked from a
       | Lab in Wuhan"
       | 
       | All those 3 "misinformation" and many more were policed pretty
       | hard until 2021.. Today 2022, they were either proved to be true
       | or have high probability to be true.
        
         | pelasaco wrote:
         | getting down-voted because... ?
        
         | memish wrote:
        
       | VikingCoder wrote:
       | Each community decides what is "fair" in that community. Each
       | community "represents" a slice of people. People leave
       | communities that don't seem fair to them, that don't make them
       | feel represented.
       | 
       | TL;DR: Tribal people have mores. That's how tribes, people, and
       | mores work.
        
         | beardedetim wrote:
         | yes yes yes!
         | 
         | It sucks that our Tribe can't be 7 billion people. It really
         | does. But we should see it as a positive and a war of _benefit_
         | instead of a war of _ideas_. What _benefit_ does believing in
         | QAnon offer? What _benefit_ does being apart of Group A have
         | over Group B?
         | 
         | Each community is responsible for its own truths and policing
         | them how they see fit. We should be arguing over how to make
         | our _benefits_ better than theirs, not trying to force our
         | ideologies onto them.
        
           | VikingCoder wrote:
           | Yes, I agree, but...
           | 
           | When that tribe has externalities to their behavior that harm
           | members of my tribe, is when it gets rough. (I want you to
           | stop putting mercury in my drinking water, endangering my
           | drinking water with your oil pipeline, I want you to wear a
           | mask to reduce my chance of infection, etc etc etc.)
        
             | beardedetim wrote:
             | 100% agree. There is conflict between tribes and that
             | something that I am not clear on how to fix as nothing
             | other than violence seems to help ensure _my_ tribe doesn't
             | get killed off.
             | 
             | In my perfect world, it is Mutually Assured Destruction
             | between tribes that keeps us not putting mercury in any
             | drinking water outside our own, etc. I know that isn't
             | going to work but that is the most _fair_ to me.
        
               | VikingCoder wrote:
               | "Fair" to me is, we vote on representatives who enact
               | regulations based on scientific evidence interpreted by
               | experts.
               | 
               | That's my hot take.
        
               | tobyjsullivan wrote:
               | My experience is new problems which look a lot like old
               | problems are fairly common. And, in most cases, the
               | solution to the new problem often ends up looking a lot
               | like the solution to the old problem.
               | 
               | Our current best-worst solution to tribalism has been a
               | small number of sovereign nations with large populations
               | and democratically elected governments. Everyone admits
               | the emergent qualities are suboptimal but they are still
               | better than all the other options we've tried so far, as
               | the saying goes. The solution to online tribalism is
               | likely to look very similar.
               | 
               | Considering that the externalities of these internet-
               | based tribes cross over into the physical world (such as
               | the drinking water/oil pipeline examples above), I
               | suspect this leads to a likely future where internet
               | tribal communities end up overlapping with traditional
               | national boundaries (eg, China's great firewall).
               | 
               | To be clear, this isn't the future I want but it's
               | starting to seem like the most likely outcome. I admit my
               | past optimism for a truly "open" internet is being tested
               | these days. I don't want a closed internet anymore than I
               | used to - but it might simply be the only practical
               | option if society wants to continue functioning.
        
           | freeflight wrote:
           | _> It sucks that our Tribe can 't be 7 billion people._
           | 
           | We've barely gotten to a stage where that is even considered
           | a viable and realistic idea, just because it's not instantly
           | a smashing success does not translate to an ultimate failure.
           | 
           | Particularly as many such big ideas had to go trough their
           | "growing pains" before ultimately working out.
        
             | beardedetim wrote:
             | I don't have any data to back this up but my overall
             | feeling/ideology is that we can't have groups larger than
             | some number. I like Dunbar's number [1] as a rough guess
             | but am more than happy to raise it to something like 100k
             | if one were able to be convincing. But I do not see any
             | path forward where we can get buy-in from 300 million
             | people let alone 7 billion.
             | 
             | If we were to have a Tribe of 7 billion people, we would
             | need to come up with "facts" that can be agreed upon by 7
             | billion people. We cannot get 7 billion people to agree
             | that the earth is not flat. I don't have any hopes that we
             | can get 7 billion people to agree on human rights or other
             | things that can be described as "us vs them".
             | 
             | This may be my anarchist/extreme leftist ideologies that I
             | personally hold bleeding into what I think is
             | possible/should be done. I have a very hard time separating
             | those feelings from "facts" and I think that makes this
             | point even more clear!
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunbar%27s_number
        
               | freeflight wrote:
               | _> I don 't have any data to back this up but my overall
               | feeling/ideology is that we can't have groups larger than
               | some number._
               | 
               | That goes contrary to my personal experience with a www
               | that wasn't mainstream yet, but most certainly already
               | had larger groups of people.
               | 
               | As tired and lame as it might sound, imho the biggest
               | culprit is social media and what kind incentives it has
               | set.
               | 
               | Social media does not thrive on facts and information, it
               | thrives on _emotions_ , but dry boring non-sensational
               | headlines and information don't make people emotional.
               | 
               | What makes people emotional, and interact with your
               | platform, are the crass headlines and claims, the
               | dramatic stuff. So that's what gets pushed to people, and
               | they react accordingly by liking it, and at that point
               | it's already a self-reinforcing loop with increasingly
               | more sensationalist and crass claims that constantly need
               | to top each other to stay relevant.
               | 
               | It also directly affects what kind of content people
               | contribute and most importantly _how_ they do it; All the
               | big  "influencers" spend quite some time and effort in
               | optimizing their content for that extra reach, along with
               | that come certain behavior routines to sell the content,
               | which then get normalized.
               | 
               | And because traditional media struggles to keep up with
               | that, and stay relevant, they also get colored by this,
               | not only by having made social media their new source of
               | reporting, but also by making their own reporting more in
               | line with these trends.
               | 
               | Too many just chasing the dopamine kicks from the "likes"
               | and "karma", it feels like mass-hysteria that's steadily
               | increasing in intensity.
        
       | Symmetry wrote:
       | Parachutes? The one RCT we have on parachutes failed to show any
       | statistically significant benefit from using them when jumping
       | out of plane. Hardly settled science.
       | 
       | https://www.bmj.com/content/363/bmj.k5094
        
       | frozenlettuce wrote:
       | I never expected someone teaching at my city to show up on
       | HackerNews! I hope that he is liking Petropolis
        
       | throw3838 wrote:
        
       | ratsmack wrote:
       | This whole concept of "misinformation" is the attempt of one side
       | to silence the other, rather that debating the subject with
       | definitive proof of their claims. With all of the unknowns of
       | many of these current subjects, I would think open debate
       | presenting theories from various sources would help find common
       | ground.
        
         | lordnacho wrote:
         | That's the standard, "nice" answer to how to deal with BS.
         | 
         | In practice, what do you do about sealioning mixed with
         | outright lies? When does your patience run out with explaining
         | why Trump lost the election, or whether the Queen is a lizard?
         | Brandolino's law comes to mind.
        
           | ratsmack wrote:
           | Was this "Misinformation"?
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/JermaineLong93/status/149108386670644838.
           | ..
        
             | brimble wrote:
             | Wow. I haven't kept up with pro-vaccine media (I got mine,
             | seemed like a good idea, just haven't paid attention to the
             | messaging very much aside from health official guidelines
             | and such) but _damn_ that 's bad. No wonder BSABing this
             | issue is so effective.
             | 
             |  _Some_ of that 's excusable by "the best information at
             | the time was wrong" and _some_ of it 's not even wrong but
             | the usual thing I've seen a lot of the last couple years,
             | where some people take a limited statement as absolute or
             | saying more than it is and then claim the original was
             | wrong (when it wasn't) but a good deal of that compilation
             | appears to be indefensible.
        
             | pgrote wrote:
             | I wouldn't consider that misinformation. At the time those
             | statements were made it was thought the vaccine would
             | prevent transmission. Not a medical expert, but I always
             | thought the reason you got a vaccine was to prevent
             | infection. Measles vaccine is somewhere near 97% effective
             | at stopping infection. Heck, even when the vaccines for
             | covid first came out it was big news if there was a
             | breakthrough infection.
             | 
             | Fast forward to today. The general consensus is the vaccine
             | typically prevents serious illness and death in most cases
             | for the common variants. It doesn't do a great job
             | preventing infection.
             | 
             | One of the mistakes those in charge made was never
             | admitting something like the following when new, solid
             | information was understood:
             | 
             | 1) We were wrong. 2) This is something we've never seen. 3)
             | We're learning as we go. 4) It doesn't do what we said or
             | thought it would do, but it does this.
             | 
             | No one in real power ever says anything remotely like it.
             | They speak in absolutes and it has gotten so bad they are
             | choosing to misrepresent studies to suggest following a
             | path they think is best versus admitting the studies just
             | suck.
             | 
             | Misinformation flagging for something like covid was never
             | going to be practical to implement as there was so much
             | changing on a such a limited timeframe. Toss in politics
             | and the governing structure of the USA and it was never
             | going to work.
        
               | ratsmack wrote:
               | >... it was thought ...
               | 
               | And therein lies the problem. They presented it as
               | absolute undeniable fact, but there were no definitive
               | studies to back up their claims at the time.
        
               | nomel wrote:
               | Yeah, these statements have uncertainty, but they're not
               | being discussed. It seems that uncertainty is being
               | intentionally omitted, and discussion of it is actively
               | fought. This seems a terrible way to maintain trust!
        
               | remarkEon wrote:
               | >At the time those statements were made it was thought
               | the vaccine would prevent transmission
               | 
               | Okay. _How_ did they come to this conclusion? We 'll
               | never know, because we're in this asymmetric war about
               | information, where dunking on your political enemies is
               | more important than just being transparent. Showing us
               | how they came to that conclusion, and then going through
               | your points 1-4 would go a long way to restoring that
               | trust (partially), but alas they won't do it.
        
             | VikingCoder wrote:
             | I feel like a more fundamental question is "Who is
             | qualified to interpret the data?"
             | 
             | Then you can ask, "Of the qualified people, what were they
             | saying at the time?" And if you care to dive deeper, "What
             | evidence were they using to support their opinion?" and
             | "What is the earliest that credible information arrived
             | that should have changed their position?" and "Did their
             | position change, when enough new evidence came in?"
             | 
             | Is there some better set of questions you can think of than
             | mine?
        
           | ok123456 wrote:
           | Stop caring that someone is wrong on the internet?
        
             | ratsmack wrote:
             | Being complacent and uncaring is probably worse than being
             | wrong.
        
             | vkou wrote:
             | The ostrich defense of sticking one's head in the sand only
             | works until it doesn't.
        
               | ok123456 wrote:
               | Bad analogy.
               | 
               | If someone is making an argument from bad faith, that's
               | intentional and it's a waste of time to correct them or
               | engage them at all.
               | 
               | All the "fact checking" links that are displayed now when
               | you post about controversial subjects on social media
               | platforms do very little to change minds and only
               | reinforce the idea that there's some global narrative
               | that's controlled by a cabal. They merely only serve to
               | make people who already agree with the positions that are
               | being linked to as fact checks better about spending time
               | online.
        
             | duxup wrote:
             | What if it has real consequences?
        
               | sharemywin wrote:
               | people are making death threats to poll workers and local
               | election officials.
        
               | ok123456 wrote:
               | Then those are direct and actionable threats and are
               | covered by real life laws. We don't need moderators
               | filling in for real police.
        
               | caenorst wrote:
               | This is so vague... Me breathing air has real
               | consequences. You probably mean "societal" consequences,
               | and it's also way too vague, moderating has real
               | consequences as much as not moderating.
        
               | BitwiseFool wrote:
               | This is one of those things that is easy to worry about,
               | but the sheer amount of possible 'consequences' from any
               | misinformed point of view is impossible to actually
               | estimate the likelihood of. We can collectively conjure
               | up all sorts of bad things someone _might_ do if they
               | believe [xyz] but we should not give in to this kind of
               | paranoia.
        
               | duxup wrote:
               | I don't buy into the idea that because estimation is hard
               | thus it is "paranoia".
        
               | ok123456 wrote:
               | What do you estimate Free Speech is worth?
        
               | duxup wrote:
               | I don't understand what that has to do with my comment.
               | 
               | Moderation on say twitter /= free speech violations
               | 
               | I'm assuming your comments are just random from here on
               | out. Sorry if they're not but I"m really not following
               | what you're saying.
        
               | ok123456 wrote:
               | Then you're just being intentionally dense to wiggle out.
        
               | duxup wrote:
               | I would have to understand to know that I want to "wiggle
               | out".
        
               | ok123456 wrote:
               | Move to China if you want inharmonious posts removed from
               | the internet.
        
               | duxup wrote:
               | Are you under the impression that moderation is just a
               | Chinese thing or something?
               | 
               | I don't think that makes any sense.
        
               | ok123456 wrote:
               | No. But, moderation for the sake of the eventual societal
               | consequences is the default in the Chinese (PRC) system.
               | It's not necessarily a bad system. Their ideas have
               | lifted a billion people out of poverty. But, it's not
               | ours.
        
               | duxup wrote:
               | I'm not at all sure what you're trying to say, one
               | comment seems to conflict with the next.
        
               | ok123456 wrote:
               | I'm saying that censorship like this is incompatible with
               | the western values as we know them. Yet this doesn't
               | invalidate what the Chinese have accomplished. It's
               | possible to have two conflicting ideas at the same time.
        
               | brimble wrote:
               | What's the likelihood of your spending a lifetime
               | engaging with wrong people online having enough payoff to
               | be worth it, even if it _does_ have real consequences?
        
               | duxup wrote:
               | I don't think I fully understand the question.
               | 
               | I think I've gotten a lot from spending time online...
               | often in situations where there was a moderation system
               | in place.
        
               | brimble wrote:
               | It's a question of how different the actual real world
               | would be if one were to "stop caring that someone is
               | wrong on the internet" versus the alternative world in
               | which one cared very much about this.
               | 
               | I would suggest that most of the time, the likely answer
               | is "little to no different". In light of that, how many
               | hours of one's life should be devoted to it? Almost none,
               | probably. If improving the world is the goal, arguing on
               | forums or Twitter is _surely_ a terrible use of time and
               | energy for most people (those with a massive audience,
               | lots of money, fame, or any combination of those things,
               | may be exceptions).
               | 
               | It's similar to keeping up with day-to-day national news.
               | How often is there something _actually important and
               | actionable_ that one learns only by closely following
               | non-local news, that wouldn 't have made its way through
               | the grapevine (or down to local news) fast enough anyway?
               | Barring people who need to trade on that information or
               | otherwise need to be very plugged-in for their job, or
               | what have you. Yet some people try to paint following
               | such news closely as necessary for being a good citizen.
               | _Is_ it, though? If I look at it honestly, the difference
               | between checking in on what 's happening nationally (or
               | internationally) every day, and checking in once a
               | quarter, is practically indistinguishable, in terms of
               | _what I do_ and _what I can realistically affect_. Even
               | once a quarter is probably more frequent than necessary
               | to achieve approximately the maximum actual real-world
               | benefit it is likely to provide to me.
               | 
               | Yet people follow pundits on Twitter or read news sites
               | daily or watch 24/7 cable news and seem to genuinely
               | think they're a better citizen for it, rather than that
               | they're engaging in a low-value hobby like watching
               | daytime soap operas or following e-sports as a spectator
               | (which are fine diversions and people should absolutely
               | do those things if they enjoy them, but practically no-
               | one's under the illusion that those are laudible or
               | improving activities)
        
               | ok123456 wrote:
               | Exactly. It just becomes a form a virtuous consumption
               | that is slightly interactive in that you can report
               | people who cross some line. This feedback loop is part of
               | the design and keeps you consuming and interacting.
        
               | brimble wrote:
               | You see another funny effect like this in voting.
               | 
               | A rough list of voting one can do, in order of likelihood
               | of it affecting anything in the real world, most-to-
               | least:
               | 
               | 1. Voting in local party elections/primaries/et c.
               | 
               | 2. Voting in local elections.
               | 
               | 3. Voting in state-level party primaries.
               | 
               | 4. Voting in state-level elections.
               | 
               | 5. Voting in national-level primaries (that is, conducted
               | at the state level but for national offices)
               | 
               | 6. Voting in national elections.
               | 
               | 7. (Largely as an effect of how US Presidential elections
               | work) Voting for president, specifically.
               | 
               | Note that this is damn near perfectly the _inverse_ of
               | participation rates in and media attention given to these
               | activities, and that people will shit all over you for
               | failing to do #7 while they themselves mostly ignore the
               | lower numbers. Meanwhile an hour a year working with /for
               | your preferred local party _may very well_ be more
               | effective than _all_ of that voting. But  "you didn't
               | vote for President, so you don't get to complain and are
               | a bad citizen". Horse-shit.
        
               | ok123456 wrote:
               | National electoral politics is largely a busy-box: "There
               | so much wrong in the country and it's always getting
               | worse, but at least I have a say in it!" Every 8 years we
               | 'throw the bums out' yet the policies never really
               | change.
        
               | gjs278 wrote:
        
               | Clubber wrote:
               | Like what?
        
               | duxup wrote:
               | Threats, misinformation about say a butterfly sanctuary?
               | 
               | https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2022/feb/06/texas-
               | butter...
               | 
               | These seem to have real results.
        
               | BitwiseFool wrote:
               | Something about this story seems suspicious. You know
               | that feeling you get when a news story hits all the right
               | notes and confirms everything you thought to be true
               | about the evil of the other side?
               | 
               | It is also surprisingly light on key details in a few
               | areas:
               | 
               | > Trevino-Wright said since the lawsuit she has faced
               | personal threats and on one occasion, assault, by the
               | extremist Virginia Republican congressional candidate
               | Kimberly Lowe who visited the butterfly center last month
               | and demanded to see "'illegals crossing on rafts".
               | 
               | What was "the assault"? It doesn't give details.
               | 
               | >In an audio recording of the visit, Lowe is heard
               | claiming baselessly that Trevino-Wright was "OK with
               | children being sex-trafficked, raped and murdered".
               | 
               | This is a rhetorical trick being misinterpreted as some
               | baseless claim. The implication is that if you oppose The
               | Wall, you are enabling all these things and are therfore
               | complicit. Have you ever encountered hyperbole and pearl
               | clutching before?
               | 
               | In any event, I don't want to go down the road of delving
               | into this old news story. I guess my point is that there
               | is probably much more to this than it seems, and, isn't a
               | good justification for policing misinformation as
               | strongly as some people want.
        
               | ok123456 wrote:
               | > You know that feeling you get when a news story hits
               | all the right notes and confirms everything you thought
               | to be true about the evil of the other side?
               | 
               | Funny how that keeps happening! I keep getting news
               | stories that confirm my per-existing biases that the
               | world is mean and we need internet moderators to make it
               | all better again.
        
               | Xylakant wrote:
               | > This is a rhetorical trick being misinterpreted as some
               | baseless claim.
               | 
               | That part of the story is comparatively easy to check -
               | the audio is available if you follow the link in the
               | article. The relevant section is at about 1:10 minutes.
               | The quote is "I'm sorry you're ok with children being
               | raped."
               | 
               | https://mobile.twitter.com/pblodlr/status/148758898845411
               | 328...
               | 
               | That's not a rhetorical trick. It's an attempt to smear a
               | person or organization by slinging dirt that has no
               | grounding in reality. Dealing with this kinds of baseless
               | lines of reasoning is part of the problem.
        
               | BitwiseFool wrote:
               | I maintain that it is still a rhetorical trick. "If you
               | oppose X, you must be okay with Y" is very common.
               | Underhanded and unfair, but it happens all the time.
        
               | duxup wrote:
               | >You know that feeling you get when a news story hits all
               | the right notes and confirms everything you thought to be
               | true about the evil of the other side?
               | 
               | Honestly your first line kinda describes your theory
               | here...
               | 
               | I don't have much reason to think that story is fake, but
               | if a few sentences are enough for you to just write it
               | off I'm not sure it matters what I say. There are other
               | stories on that issue.
        
               | BitwiseFool wrote:
               | I'm not claiming the story is fake, or that none of what
               | was reported actually transpired. But rather, I sense
               | that the reporters are ideologically motivated and what
               | they have presented here is not "the whole truth", to
               | haphazardly borrow a term.
               | 
               | One of the reasons why I say this is because there
               | absolutely was a coordinated effort to stymie the
               | construction of the border wall and one of the proposed
               | tactics was to use the EPA and threatened species as a
               | foil to prevent it's construction. Cards Against Humanity
               | employed a similar strategy: "It was revealed that the
               | creators had purchased vacant land along the wall and
               | "retained a law firm specializing in eminent domain to
               | make it as time-consuming and expensive as possible for
               | the wall to get built." So in that sense, this isn't some
               | unique stochastic attack on the noble butterfly center.
               | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cards_Against_Humanity)
               | 
               | But going back to my sense that something isn't quite
               | right, the laundry list of associations is what stood
               | out: Bringing up QAnon, bringing up Pizzagate, bringing
               | up Steve Bannon, and bringing up anti-maskers. If I was a
               | propagandist, I would end up writing a story just like
               | this. Especially because you can report that wonderful
               | institutions like National Butterfly Center and The
               | Children's Museum of Denver are victims of all of the
               | above groups. Again, not to dismiss the story _entirely_
               | , but it seems to hit all the right notes.
        
               | duxup wrote:
               | >I'm not claiming the story is fake,
               | 
               | I think then it fulfills the role I intended, as actual
               | consequences of misinformation.
               | 
               | >Bringing up QAnon....
               | 
               | That seems like dangerous amounts of cover for any topic
               | where bringing them up is automatically discounted.
        
               | BitwiseFool wrote:
               | >"I think then it fulfills the role I intended, as actual
               | consequences of misinformation."
               | 
               | How so? I am skeptical, but what actual negative
               | consequences have resulted from this?
               | 
               | >"That seems like dangerous amounts of cover for any
               | topic where bringing them up is automatically
               | discounted."
               | 
               | Do you likewise feel the urge discount any story that
               | brings up Antifa? I do. It is because in the minds of
               | most partisans they loom larger than their real life
               | impact. While QAnons and Antifa are completely different,
               | they are utilized as boogeymen by ideologically motivated
               | reporters. Still, the mention of these two groups only
               | serve to raise my skepticism level rather than make me
               | outright deny everything around their mention.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | A collapse of basic medical care, an attempted coup, a
               | third of the country no longer believing that an election
               | where their side didn't win can be legitimate...
               | 
               | ... But it's difficult to get a person to care about a
               | subject that they believe themselves to be capable of
               | buying their way out of/ignoring the consequences of.
               | Nothing matters to a nihilist, and they will smugly point
               | out that we're all wasting our breath over nothing.
        
               | ok123456 wrote:
               | Yeah, you should probably spend less time online too.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | Are you saying that these things haven't happened, or are
               | you saying that I should not care whether my father can
               | get an 'elective' surgery done sometime this decade? Or
               | that the next election will be ran in a fair manner?
        
               | Clubber wrote:
               | I think our healthcare system sucks because it sucked
               | before the pandemic, not because of misinformation. I
               | remember thinking COVID would really show the gaping
               | cracks in our healthcare system, but instead, the system
               | blamed their deficiencies on the unvaccinated.
               | 
               | Our healthcare system, for the population as a whole, was
               | awful before COVID. Hospitals that weren't at peak
               | operating (read financial) capacity were shut down all
               | over the country, which forced their patients to go to
               | already overcrowded hospitals. The costs are/were off the
               | charts. I don't think misinformation was the cause of it.
               | 
               | We've been dealing with this for over two years now, yet
               | our healthcare system hasn't increased even temporary
               | capacity in a meaningful way to account for it.
        
             | adolph wrote:
             | Duty calls: https://xkcd.com/386/
        
           | DelightOne wrote:
           | I feel like debates (especially on BS) are (or have to be?)
           | repeated way too often, why is that anyway? Why can't it be
           | one single tree, consisting of branches on multiple
           | platforms, collecting, managing and curating?
        
             | sharemywin wrote:
             | but that would assume a system where people are concerned
             | with facts and not they're own "personal opinions"
             | 
             | where's the ego stroking in that solution?
        
               | DelightOne wrote:
               | - by helping others. Recording valuable talking points,
               | refutations.
               | 
               | - by understanding more and more deeply, instead of
               | possibly less.
               | 
               | - by having a jumpboard to learn more.
               | 
               | - by seeing where you stand compared to the larger
               | picture. Understanding the opposite side instead of just
               | seeing them as enemy of ones' own opinion.
               | 
               | - by seeing more people that argue similar to you.
               | Requires categorization and grouping of votes.
               | 
               | - by being able to share discussions more easily and not
               | to be bound by a single group for answers.
        
           | CountSessine wrote:
           | _what do you do about sealioning_
           | 
           | Interesting - in the talk.origins days this was called the
           | "Gish Gallop".
           | 
           | In practice, everyone who debates you is sealioning you
           | because they don't see what is so clearly obvious to you. And
           | they just never stop being wrong! And if they weren't wrong,
           | wouldn't they be able to change your mind? Ergo, they're
           | wrong!
        
             | brimble wrote:
             | Sealioning is not at all the same thing as a Gish Gallop. A
             | Gish Gallop is throwing out very weak arguments or evidence
             | (so, bullshit) faster than a sincerely-engaging opponent
             | can address them. Sealioning is a much more deniable
             | tactic, relying on "just trying to have a conversation" and
             | playing the victim when others disengage or tell you to
             | fuck off.
             | 
             | Simple Sealioning example:
             | 
             | Sealioner: "Do you have anything to back up those figures
             | for holocaust deaths? I see that thrown around a lot and
             | I'm just not sure" (absolutely being a disengenuous piece
             | of shit who's trying to slyly push holocaust denial, but
             | indistinguishable from someone who is in fact curious,
             | aside from that actually-curious people don't end up in
             | these kinds of exchanges half as often as lying assholes
             | do)
             | 
             | Other person who knows exactly where this is going: "Fuck
             | off out of here with that shit."
             | 
             | Sealioner: "Oh my, I was just trying to ask a question. Now
             | I'm _really_ not sure about your position. You seem very
             | touchy about it for someone who has the truth on their
             | side. Can anyone help me? "
             | 
             | A Gish Gallop of the same thing would be throwing out
             | "references" to holocaust denial stuff faster than they can
             | be debunked (and dutifully ignoring the debunking).
        
           | PaulHoule wrote:
           | Also many sorts of discourse are normative but toxic. You
           | could say that "fake news" is harmful not because it is
           | "fake" but because it is "news".
           | 
           | For instance this subject got nonstop coverage on CNN
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia_Airlines_Flight_370
           | 
           | until Donald Trump came along and was better for ratings.
           | Look at the subjects that constantly get flagged on Hacker
           | News, such as:                  women just can't get ahead
           | it's so awful that young people this day don't believe in
           | free speech
           | 
           | In both of these cases you can point to very real cases where
           | a women was the victim of outrageous misbehavior or where a
           | speaker came to a campus and was treated really rudely.
           | 
           | The problem isn't with the facts of a particular incident but
           | rather with the emotions that these topics evoke: in either
           | case we all have our frustrations about the barriers we
           | encounter in life and the ways we feel unheard and unsafe.
           | 
           | Conversations like that rapidly deteriorate into people
           | talking about their own personal pain and suffering but with
           | the identifying information (usually) deleted so anything
           | valuable is gone, you might feel compelled to get involved
           | but any of the power that comes out of groundedness is gone
           | when people are talking in generalities, about principles,
           | either from the "liberal" viewpoint of "this situation is
           | fundamentally unfair" or the "conservative" viewpoint that
           | the moral accounting has to be done accurately down to three
           | decimal places.
        
           | Clubber wrote:
           | >In practice, what do you do about sealioning mixed with
           | outright lies? When does your patience run out with
           | explaining why Trump lost the election, or whether the Queen
           | is a lizard?
           | 
           | Why do you care to police speech? Is it ego? It's a fool's
           | errand.
        
         | michael1999 wrote:
         | What would you call someone printing and distributed flyers
         | helpfully informing a neighbourhood that Election Day falls on
         | May 5 when the actual Election Day is on May 4?
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | A country that doesn't adequately inform their citizens when
           | it's holding an election, so they can easily be mislead by
           | fliers.
           | 
           | Maybe make it a holiday.
        
           | mountainboy wrote:
           | freedom of speech.
        
           | foolfoolz wrote:
           | a moron. if someone tells you the golden gate bridge has an
           | emergency exit that goes straight to the water are you going
           | to take it?
        
             | DowsingSpoon wrote:
             | Your argument doesn't make the point you think it does. If
             | someone maliciously placed convincing fake road signs on
             | the road then they could easily cause severe injury or
             | death. This would be a serious problem, not to be taken
             | lightly.
        
           | BitwiseFool wrote:
           | The vast majority of 'anti-disinformation' campaigns are not
           | restricted to, or even concentrated around, the scenario you
           | have given.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | oceanplexian wrote:
           | What would you call someone who distributes and prints "Get
           | out the vote" flyers with polling locations to certain
           | communities and demographics but not others? Or, let's say a
           | social network like Facebook sends one group of voters
           | reminders to vote but not others? Selectively spreading
           | correct information can still be malicious.
        
             | michael1999 wrote:
             | Partisan participation in the election process.
        
           | kyleblarson wrote:
           | What would you call the president of the US saying "Let me
           | repeat, if you are fully vaccinated you no longer need to
           | wear a mask" in May of 2021?
           | 
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4SkzTa8HRDk
        
             | depaya wrote:
             | Are you trying to imply this was a lie or misinformation?
             | Conditions continue to evolve, as do recommendations by
             | experts. The President of the US is listening to experts.
        
             | belltaco wrote:
             | Omicron wasn't a thing back then.
        
             | CamperBob2 wrote:
             | I call it "Relying on the best information available at the
             | time." When the Biden administration adopted that policy,
             | the Delta variant had not yet emerged as a dominant strain.
             | Once new information came to light, the policy was revised
             | as necessary.
             | 
             | Science offers you no guarantees. For that you need
             | religion, or a substitute based on the same faulty
             | reasoning. Good luck with your horse paste.
        
               | ratsmack wrote:
               | >Good luck with your horse paste.
               | 
               | That contributed nothing to the conversation.
        
               | CamperBob2 wrote:
               | Neither did calling out Biden for doing the right thing
               | based on the best info available to him.
               | 
               | The person I responded to has clearly chosen his path.
               | All too often, that path leads to abusing veterinary
               | supplies... and telling the world how awesome it is to do
               | so.
        
               | bmarquez wrote:
               | > All too often, that path leads to abusing veterinary
               | supplies... and telling the world how awesome it is to do
               | so.
               | 
               | The grandparent poster listed an example of election day
               | incorrect information, the person you responded to listed
               | an example of a politician stating incorrect information.
               | Whether it's a good example or not is highly debatable
               | but ad hominem style attacks don't help your argument.
        
               | kyleblarson wrote:
               | > Good luck with your horse paste.
               | 
               | Headline written by CamperBob about water: Pundit
               | Recommends Consuming Chemical Commonly Used as Engine
               | Coolant!
        
           | btdmaster wrote:
           | I was looking through
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Election_day and almost half of
           | it had a [citation needed] tag, so I guess you could call it
           | that?
        
         | miss_info wrote:
        
         | Xylakant wrote:
         | The problem that I currently see rampant is that "definite
         | proof" is hard to come by. There are a lot of people that use a
         | set of alternate facts and call these definite proof. I'm
         | afraid that with some people, I'm no longer arguing about how
         | to interpret certain data, but we're on a level where we cannot
         | even agree that we are observing the same universe. And I
         | honestly don't have an answer to that problem.
         | 
         | Second to that: Data can change as we gather more knowledge
         | about something. Covid is a prime example - in the beginning,
         | very little was known. Some theories turned out to be mostly
         | true, others didn't hold up. Some advice was sound, other not.
         | Still, some people point back and use the evolving knowledge as
         | argument that nothing is knowable and we shouldn't do anything.
        
           | clayg wrote:
           | I have this theory that what-about-ism as a debate technique,
           | elevated by more readily available un-helpful "facts" (e.g.
           | single varient evaluation of complex system), hased cause
           | people to forget the _utility_ of facts. When you and I have
           | a REAL disagrement about something importand and complex the
           | FACTS that we can both agree on and take for granted are what
           | ENABLES us to find a new higher resolution understanding - we
           | can get further because we can focus. I try to look out for
           | what-about-ism disguised as refuting evidence, and approach
           | people 's belief epistemologically.
        
           | DoreenMichele wrote:
           | _I'm afraid that with some people, I'm no longer arguing
           | about how to interpret certain data, but we're on a level
           | where we cannot even agree that we are observing the same
           | universe._
           | 
           | On the upside, this is one of the more respectful
           | descriptions of the problem space in question that I've seen.
           | It's common to act like "The other person is just a nutter,
           | clearly."
           | 
           | Maybe the human race will eventually sort it out.
        
           | DocTomoe wrote:
           | And then there were the theories that were "debunked" and
           | marked as "conspiracy theories", often by people in powerful
           | positions, against their better knowledge, because a
           | narrative was to be held up. Masks are useless. There is no
           | connection to the Wuhan virology lab which specifically
           | worked on that exact class of virii and gain-of-function
           | research...
           | 
           | I used to be carefully trusty of official sources. I am no
           | longer.
        
           | RoddaWallPro wrote:
           | This doesn't really move the conversation forward, but an
           | important point to make (I think) is that we as a species
           | have never agreed that we're observing the same universe.
           | Think of all the wildly different beliefs that have co-
           | existed (though certainly not peacefully!) at the same times
           | throughout history. It's a feature of all reality, not a bug
           | of the _current_ reality (I say this because some people seem
           | to think we're in a new & novel time of history where no one
           | agrees on anything because of "the internet" or
           | "misinformation", but I don't think that's the case. Humans
           | have always disagree on what reality is).
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | sharemywin wrote:
           | And alot of the definite proof is obtuse and not readily
           | readable.
        
           | 0x7E3 wrote:
           | > Still, some people point back and use the evolving
           | knowledge as argument that nothing is knowable and we
           | shouldn't do anything.
           | 
           | And some people point back and use the censorship of people
           | who turned out to be correct as an argument that we were way
           | too quick to leverage the 'misinformation' label to suppress
           | the truth.
        
         | glial wrote:
         | We've inherited this rationalist idea that people form opinions
         | as the result of careful consideration and weighing of
         | evidence. This is mostly false. Evidence suggests that people
         | form ideas from (1) group-membership and (2) repetition. If
         | this is true, imagine you were a person trying to influence
         | public opinion and had access to social media. An obvious
         | strategy would be to...
         | 
         | 1. Create an account with clear political affiliations
         | (american flags, laser eyes, pronouns, etc in the bio). This
         | establishes group membership.
         | 
         | 2. Repeat a basic message over and over and over.
         | 
         | This is exactly what we're seeing.
         | 
         | I'm 100% for allowing free and open debates. I'm _not_ for bot-
         | or state-controlled accounts trying to sway public opinion.
        
         | CamperBob2 wrote:
         | _This whole concept of "misinformation" is the attempt of one
         | side to silence the other, rather that debating the subject
         | with definitive proof of their claims_
         | 
         | The problem here is that it takes far more effort to refute
         | bullshit than it does to spread it.
         | 
         |  _With all of the unknowns of many of these current subjects, I
         | would think open debate presenting theories from various
         | sources would help find common ground._
         | 
         | What happens in reality is that whoever asserts greater
         | certainty has the upper hand, particularly in the absence of
         | genuine authority. Science is (correctly) reluctant to make
         | unconditional promises, while con artists have no such hangups.
        
       | thepasswordis wrote:
       | Things which were at one point considered "dangerous
       | misinformation":
       | 
       | 1) Slavery is immoral
       | 
       | 2) Black people should be allowed to vote
       | 
       | 3) Women should be allowed to vote
       | 
       | 4) Bacteria exists
       | 
       | 5) The earth is round
       | 
       | 6) You can question the church
       | 
       | etc. Now that is not to say that "vaccines may carry more risk
       | than is being reported" is correct, and should be placed next to
       | "black people should be allowed to vote". However, if the anti-
       | misinformation crowd is allowed to reach their conclusion, then
       | we will never be able to challenge the orthodoxy again.
       | 
       | As a side note; is this all the result of people not learning
       | philosophy in school? It's legitimately horrifying to me that so
       | many people have no concept of what it means for something to
       | even _be_ true, or how we could reach consensus on that. What
       | does it mean to  "know" something, what is the purpose of dialog,
       | etc.
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | There's a long tradition of elites working to reduce the level
         | of education received by the populace, in part exactly because
         | it prevents them from determining what's true.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | SpaceManNabs wrote:
       | I was expecting a link to a paper that would be similar to
       | results like in "On the impossibility of fairness" by Friedler et
       | al.
       | 
       | This twitter thread seems defeatist and hand-wavy. The thread
       | does have good intuitions in focusing on uncertainty and nuance.
       | For example, the difference between asking questions and
       | sealioning is hard to tell
       | 
       | Because of that, I agree that a perfect solution probably doesn't
       | exist because of similar trade-offs like in the paper I
       | mentioned, but doing more research at least lets us find out what
       | we are trading-off and what we are willing to sacrifice.
        
       | NHQ wrote:
       | There is no such thing as misinformation. Whatever you want to
       | call it, it is information all the same.
       | 
       | One bot's info is another bot's entropy.
        
       | emodendroket wrote:
       | The same is true for gore, porn, or other types of undesirable
       | content, yet hardly anyone wishes to post on platforms that make
       | no effort to control those.
        
         | biesnecker wrote:
         | It's not though? Sure, there are edge cases (breastfeeding
         | being labeled as porn, for example), but the vast majority of
         | what is blocked as porn on major social networks is actually
         | porn as understood by most people. That's not the case for most
         | misinformation.
        
           | nickthegreek wrote:
           | I'd argue against this. From the things that I see removed
           | from those I follow on instagram, I would never label as
           | porn. And then they loose their entire account based on
           | extremely puritan value judgements.
        
           | nitwit005 wrote:
           | What the Twitter post asked for was doing things in a "fair,
           | reproducible, and representative way", rather than just being
           | correct most of the time.
           | 
           | I suspect the vast majority of the time the misinformation
           | removal is accurate as well. People tend to post the same
           | dumb stuff over and over.
        
           | commandlinefan wrote:
           | Even if that's true, you can still moderate in a fair,
           | reproducible and "representative" way, because the goals are
           | different. In the case of NSFW content, the filtering can be
           | opt-in: "don't show me this stuff, because I'd rather not see
           | it". The point of moderating "misinformation" is not to let
           | anybody see it, because you don't want _them_ to see it.
        
         | commandlinefan wrote:
         | That isn't true though - you _can_ police those in a fair,
         | reproducible and representative way. Whether or how widely they
         | ought to be policed or not is another question, but NSFW
         | content filtering effectively never produces false negatives
         | and really only produces false positives in rare cases.
        
           | deeg wrote:
           | I don't think we can. What is (or isn't) revenge porn? Are we
           | policing that effectively? Do people get in trouble for
           | posting cute pictures of their kids in the tub?
           | 
           | We should get away from thinking that moderating perfectly is
           | the goal. There is no way we could even decide what perfect
           | moderation is, let alone carry it out. Our goal should be
           | "mostly effective", or something like that.
        
         | belorn wrote:
         | platforms that has no content controls tend to give users the
         | ability to perform content controls themselves. The Internet is
         | a nice example where as a platform, undesirable content does
         | not generally diminish the usefulness of the Internet. Few is
         | leaving the Internet because there is too much gore and porn,
         | nor is it desirable to have ISP censor the Internet in an
         | effort to reduce gore and porn. If there is too much gore and
         | porn, it better for the user to simply decide for themselves to
         | not visit sites with gore and porn.
        
         | mfer wrote:
         | This is where things get more complicated.
         | 
         | For example, things in the US have moving and TV ratings based
         | on the type of content. People can opt-in to watching things at
         | that rating level knowing the types of content in it. They can
         | do it for themselves and their children. Some TV stations only
         | have certain types of content and remove others.
         | 
         | With social networks some will say that certain types of
         | content isn't for that network. It's the same idea.
         | 
         | What these channels and networks aren't doing is telling you
         | what is misinformation or not. They aren't making truthy
         | statements.
         | 
         | Modern social media is making truthy statements. booleans. Not
         | about what content is allowed in the network but about what is
         | true and not as a whole. That's different.
        
         | bduerst wrote:
         | Yep. Many of the social or content websites advertising as
         | being "moderation free" don't seem to thrive or last very long,
         | even though that tends to attract a specific type of crowd.
        
           | freeflight wrote:
           | For the longest time they thrived and were considered the de-
           | facto standard.
           | 
           | But the politicization of that whole field, trough FUD about
           | "social bots" and "fake news", made that very difficult to
           | keep up.
           | 
           | Case in point; Liveleak is now gone, with it at lot of
           | content that's now hidden away in private archives of data
           | hoarders.
           | 
           | Now, one can handwave that away as just a bunch of snuff and
           | gore porn, but there was so much more there than that;
           | Controversial livestreams that were deleted from the original
           | platform also serve as evidence, war footage, all the things
           | authorities and governments often don't want people to see.
           | 
           | Like footage from the Syrian civil war on YouTube; Google
           | scrubbed massive amounts of that, possibly including evidence
           | for war crimes [0]
           | 
           | By now it's reached a point where even documentaries about
           | certain wars get an automatic age-lock from YouTube, the only
           | way to watch those is to confirm your real identity with
           | Google.
           | 
           | On that end the surface web has lost so much of its "bite",
           | it hardly feels like the web anymore.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.reuters.com/article/us-global-socialmedia-
           | rights...
        
       | aidenn0 wrote:
       | You're telling me that companies publishing information have to
       | take an editorial stance on what they publish? I'm _shocked_!
       | 
       | More seriously, even though there's no "closed form" solution, it
       | seems like each publisher can take a reasonable subset of what
       | they can stomach. If "good information" is an amorphous, moving
       | blob floating in a sea of "bad information" we can draw simple
       | polygons that are more/less inclusive of "good information" while
       | allowing more or less "bad information" to be included.
        
       | mountainboy wrote:
       | One cannot even define "misinformation" in a fair way. The entire
       | concept is anathema to a sane, rational person.
       | 
       | No one has a monopoly on the truth. No one is omniscient. No one
       | actually knows how life works, or the fundamental nature of the
       | universe.
       | 
       | So how can any of us presume to define for everyone else what is
       | true or not?
       | 
       | The most we can do is have our personal understanding and
       | beliefs. This makes all information subjective. In the eye of the
       | beholder.
       | 
       | To think otherwise is megalomaniac insanity.
        
         | joelbondurant1 wrote:
        
         | kerneloftruth wrote:
         | "Misinformation" and "disinformation" are in the vocabulary of
         | propagandists. Whenever I hear someone use either, I know to
         | ignore them.
        
         | wwweston wrote:
         | This borders on epistemological nihilism. Of course few
         | assertions about truth should be beyond challenge. Of course
         | there are grades of confidence and properly conducted discourse
         | (including venues/methods of challenge) can improve the quality
         | of conclusions. That doesn't mean there's no such thing as
         | poor-grade or even garbage assertions.
         | 
         | And functional institutions not only have a responsibility to
         | _try_ and establish some kind of reasonable consensus about the
         | truth, they basically can 't operate without doing so.
         | 
         | When courts make rulings, they can't do it without establishing
         | facts of a case. That's not "presuming" so much as it is simply
         | functioning. There's a process for arguing details out... and
         | an end at which details are accepted as established.
         | Potentially subject to review, but not arbitrarily.
        
       | shadowgovt wrote:
       | We can't have a perfect voting system due to Arrow's Theorem, but
       | elections are still preferable to alternatives.
        
       | tradesmanhelix wrote:
       | It's also good to remember that ideas like the heliocentric
       | theory, the germ theory of disease, etc. would have been labeled
       | as "misinformation" at one point in time. Now, they're the
       | theories believed by the majority of people because that's where
       | the best evidence points, which just goes to show that sometimes
       | it takes hundreds of years for the best ideas to win. So I say
       | let them fight.
        
       | reincarnate0x14 wrote:
       | Yeah I'm going to have to categorically disagree with that. You
       | can totally police misinformation in a fair means by requiring
       | that it presents credible evidence of weight commensurate with
       | the impact of what it argues, and explain to those who are
       | policed in a transparent manner why and how they can appeal it.
       | 
       | There is no one on earth who can form a credible argument that 5G
       | spreads SARS because it's fucking lunacy. The evidence for
       | ivermectin improving severe covid outcomes also clearly showed it
       | was only noticeable in regions where untreated parasitic worm
       | infections are common, so yeah, getting rid of multiple other
       | infections led to better outcomes. Various counter-arguments
       | against anthropogenic global warming (even the honest ones) have
       | been thoroughly invalidated for decades.
       | 
       | It's like raising the required work to send spam or spray malware
       | at random internet hosts. It doesn't fix everything, but it evens
       | the playing field between trolls and agents of discord vs people
       | having real discussions. We know this works because high-value
       | discussion forums like the heavily moderated science subreddits
       | do it and there is no mass hysteria -- and reddit should probably
       | be compensating those mods, but that's another issue.
       | 
       | If your commercial platform does not put in the bare minimum
       | content moderation to keep dangerous horseshit out of the common
       | discourse where gullible and naive people with no ability to
       | serious discern credible statements from well-practiced lies,
       | there should be penalties scaled to the revenue of the business.
       | 
       | Just because Facebook or whomever clearly didn't give a damn and
       | phoned in some half-assed keyword flagging system doesn't mean
       | it's impossible. It means Facebook doesn't care and needs to get
       | fined until they do. If you can't link some credible evidence
       | because of stupid limits on Twitter, maybe Twitter is just a
       | terrible discussion platform.
        
         | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
         | << You can totally police misinformation in a fair means by
         | requiring that it presents credible evidence of weight
         | commensurate with the impact of what it argues, and explain to
         | those who are policed in a transparent manner why and how they
         | can appeal it.
         | 
         | If, and I do mean if, you can consistently define
         | misinformation. The issue is that, not unlike porn, 'i know it,
         | when i see it' approach to identification is not a great way to
         | gather trust of people you want to impose that upon.
        
           | reincarnate0x14 wrote:
           | > by requiring that it presents credible evidence of weight
           | commensurate with the impact of what it argues
           | 
           | The people saying various vaccines result in significantly
           | better outcomes and shorter infections from SARS have
           | millions of man-hours of testing and evidence backing that
           | up. Anyone can watch a boat come up over the horizon with the
           | top visible and reproducibly verify the earth is, at the very
           | least, curved. That's the opposite of "I know it when I see
           | it."
           | 
           | Arguing over favorite colors has no material impact on
           | anyone. Loudly proclaiming incendiary medical statements on
           | public forums very obviously has had massive impact, and if
           | you can't back it up, that's misinformation even if by
           | astronomical luck it's accidentally correct.
           | 
           | This is exactly why professionals and other serious people
           | give measured, complex answers to questions that don't
           | translate well to in-group signaling grifter gear, and
           | exactly why we need some sort of brakes on the countervailing
           | screeching of slogans on the other side because that train
           | zooms out of the station and picks up idiot passengers left
           | and right before the people who know what they're talking
           | about can finish a sentence. This isn't hypothetical. We've
           | been watching it happen for decades.
        
       | pmoriarty wrote:
       | This is really a crisis of modernity.
       | 
       | People just don't trust authorities anymore, because authorities
       | time and time again have misled them.
       | 
       | That's not to mention that it's gotten easier than ever to
       | falsify evidence using technology that was never before available
       | in history, like image editors, audio editors, video editors, and
       | desktop publishing software.
       | 
       | Astroturfing and fake grassroots campaigns further undermine
       | people's trust in what they hear and read.
       | 
       | At the same time people want certainty and simplicity, and when
       | they find they live in a world where nothing can be trusted they
       | double down and cling to whatever reflects back to them their
       | most cherished beliefs and what vilifies those they deem evil. It
       | might not be true, but at least it makes them feel good, and so
       | they can pretend it must be true if anything is.
       | 
       | Moderation isn't going to change any of this.
        
         | fredgrott wrote:
         | No it's a crisis of COMMONS, if we have enough commons this
         | would not be a problem.
         | 
         | When you monopolize commons into private things you get this..
         | 
         | Yes this is a rehash of a former Presidential candidates own
         | arguments, some of you may remember his law works such as the
         | CC mark.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ska wrote:
         | > Astroturfing and fake grassroots campaigns further undermine
         | people's trust in what they
         | 
         | Or maybe they (and other tactics) are the primary cause, not
         | secondary.
         | 
         | Regardless, the sad and ironic thing about it is that it seems
         | likely many people aren't learning the lesson about
         | institutions practical limitations, but instead just exchanging
         | for worse ones. Even more fun, plausibly in some areas this
         | seems to have created a negative feed back loop on the
         | institutions themselves.
        
         | 62951413 wrote:
         | Wouldn't it be more like a crisis of post-modernity? They say
         | high modernism and all that 20th century stuff is behind us.
         | 
         | People never trusted authorities outside of the first world.
         | The Western governments were hiding their true nature much
         | better for a long time. In the last 20-30 years the world
         | previously known as civilized has degenerated enough to exhibit
         | the same problems people living outside of it are used to.
         | Europe's fate was arguably sealed by WWII. But what happened to
         | America at the pinnacle of its power will keep historians busy
         | for a century.
         | 
         | Younger people need to be reminded that one man's terrorists
         | are another man's freedom fighters. There is no universal truth
         | in human affairs, just a fight for survival of your people
         | against other groups. You need to learn which side you belong
         | to and support them. Typically your government is your worst
         | enemy, not some foreign dictator.
         | 
         | Censorship is binary. Freedom of thought is absolute and you
         | are either free or not. There's no "moderation", just powers
         | that be positioning to demoralize and exploit you if not drive
         | you to extinction.
        
           | unethical_ban wrote:
           | There is no such thing as "more good" more "more evil",
           | simply "existing to survive" - but there is an absolute
           | binary of freedom vs. non-freedom? There is no such thing as
           | moderation(pragmatism) in policy? There is no
           | power(government?) except those _trying_ to demoralize and
           | exploit you to extinction?
           | 
           | Fellow HNers, I don't know where to begin dismantling this
           | post or what to say that wouldn't be construed as a personal
           | attack. Can someone with more skill call out the terms for
           | the paranoia and hypocrisy here?
        
             | nobody9999 wrote:
             | >Fellow HNers, I don't know where to begin dismantling this
             | post or what to say that wouldn't be construed as a
             | personal attack. Can someone with more skill call out the
             | terms for the paranoia and hypocrisy here?
             | 
             | Given the lack of specificity and details, GP's claims are
             | absolutely suspect. I'd suggest just leaving it alone,
             | since the vagueness of the assertions made makes it
             | impossible to refute or argue with GP about it, since we
             | really have no idea what they are blathering on about.
             | 
             | Pull at one thread and the response can be "that's not what
             | I was talking about" with more unsupport[ed|able]
             | assertions, potentially with a goalpost move as well.
             | 
             | To quote a _terrible_ movie[0], in the case of the comment
             | you 're replying to "the only winning move is not to play."
             | IMHO, YMMV, etc., etc., etc.
             | 
             | As such, I recommend backing away slowly.
             | 
             | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WarGames
        
         | clairity wrote:
         | you're missing the underlying crux of the problem, which is
         | scale. at small scale, authority can be roughly verified
         | amongst a group. someone is good at building houses, another
         | person is good at teaching, one is trustworthy, another is not,
         | etc. you can sense these things directly. but (mis-)information
         | scales geometrically/logistically with population, and we have
         | to increasingly rely on imperfect proxies, like certifications,
         | titles, hearsay, etc. to verify and trust each other.
         | 
         | that in turn leads to a comfortable insularity for authorities,
         | which allows them to abuse popular trust with fewer and fewer
         | direct consequences. that is, authorities become more
         | disconnected from the consequences of their actions. as soon as
         | corruption (of any sort) happens frequently enough, the
         | populace has no choice but to move to distrusting all authority
         | because nearly none of it can be verified personally. and then
         | we have this whole dynamic of everyone trying to claim
         | authority over all sorts of stuff, most of which we have no
         | deep knowledge/experience about.
         | 
         | that's the real crisis of modernity, trust at scale. and what
         | we're rediscovering is that most of what we say is bullshit and
         | should be disregarded _en masse_. we even have terms like
         | 'serious' that point to the timelessness of this general
         | problem.
        
           | nocturnial wrote:
           | I would also like to add to your point that there's a
           | delusion that tech can moderate a couple billion people.
           | 
           | In the past, we distributed the moderation but now it seems
           | everything, including moderation, needs to be done by a
           | single entity. There are attempts to automate things but they
           | aren't working.
        
             | germinalphrase wrote:
             | Perhaps, we should quit trying and only build "small"
             | communities that can self moderate.
        
               | defaultprimate wrote:
               | It's almost like the anti federalists knew what they were
               | talking about when they predicted the consequences of
               | expanding federalism.
        
         | lmilcin wrote:
         | > People just don't trust authorities anymore, because
         | authorities time and time again have misled them.
         | 
         | No, that's wrong model.
         | 
         | Authorities have _always_ misled us. There was no time in the
         | past when authorities would be truthful.
         | 
         | What changed is us, our access to information and our ability
         | to shout out whatever you want and reach another person on the
         | other side of the world.
         | 
         | > That's not to mention that it's gotten easier than ever to
         | falsify evidence using technology
         | 
         | Again, not true. It is easier than ever to point out untrue.
         | With so many data points on every event it is very difficult to
         | completely falsify a piece of information. You can fake
         | somebody saying something publicly but you can't easily ensure
         | there were no 50 other people who have recorded it in some
         | other way.
         | 
         | You say you can fake photo. You had _NO_ photos back in the
         | past. Police did not have cameras on them. A lot of events were
         | not recorded or the records were not easily available.
         | 
         | There was only a very, very short time where data was easily
         | available for everybody but the tools to subvert it at scale
         | were not yet usable.
         | 
         | What happened is that there is more information noise that
         | completely overwhelms most people who don't have "mechanism to
         | sort true from false". In the past you would have other people
         | sort true from the false for you (say television or Catholic
         | Church or whatever organisation you have trusted) but there
         | were not too many of those organisations. If those
         | organisations lied and were caught it was possible for enough
         | people to remember that.
        
           | crmd wrote:
           | My concern is that western leaders agree with your
           | assessment, have studied the strict information controls that
           | governments like the Chinese CCP have implemented over the
           | past 20 years, and concluded that model is the only strategy
           | for western governments to move forward as well.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | Western leaders didn't need the Chinese to teach them about
             | propaganda and the control of information. The fact that we
             | immediately associate the Chinese with this is a result of
             | their work.
             | 
             | The only thing special that the Chinese have done in the
             | past 20 years is not to accept the US imported internet as
             | an unpoliced forum, knowing that it was going to be used as
             | a weapon against them. The US didn't want to leave the
             | internet unpoliced either, but they also didn't want to
             | spend a bunch of money on it. Eventually a private tech
             | censorship industry arose that they could just piggyback
             | on.
        
               | crmd wrote:
               | I'm talking about the government banning unapproved
               | narratives and criminalizing political dissent. These
               | controls exist currently in China but not in the United
               | States.
        
               | richiebful1 wrote:
               | What's the evidence that the Clinton/Bush administrations
               | wanted to censor internet content, but decided it was too
               | expensive?
        
               | aksss wrote:
               | > The only thing special that the Chinese have done
               | 
               | I really don't think this is fair. The Chinese have had
               | an incredible economic boom, modernization, and lifted a
               | _ton_ of people out of poverty, while maintaining
               | totalitarian control of the nation. _That 's_ what's
               | unique about China relative to accepted wisdom. It was
               | widely predicted that economic prosperity would
               | inevitably lead to liberation of the people, politically.
               | While the jury may still be out on this long-term, I
               | think the opinion is now pretty pessimistic about the
               | democratization of China. What China has done is shown
               | that economic success can come in a locked down nation.
               | The strife and policy failings of the Western world post-
               | Cold War have also given the Chinese government a
               | narrative about the strife and uncertainty that come with
               | politically heterogenous liberal societies. If you're on
               | the right side of the government, which most Chinese
               | citizens are, the thread of chaos can help keep you in
               | line. Hell, our own government uses this trick to
               | manufacture consent, albeit to a lesser degree.
               | 
               | This challenges a lot of notions in the Western world
               | that liberal democracies are required for prosperity. The
               | Western nations weren't always convinced of this. One
               | need only go back so far to find successful European
               | autocracies. What's "dangerous" to liberty-loving people
               | about China, IMO, is that it may resurrect old ghosts of
               | the Western empires. The social contract people have with
               | their governments gets devalued when said governments
               | think they can press on the people more, or in fact _need
               | to_ , in order to stay competitive or dominant on the
               | world stage. The calls that "we need to be more like
               | China" are more frequent in the press than I'm
               | comfortable with. As Adam Michnik said, "the crucial
               | distinction between systems...was no longer ideological.
               | The main political difference was between those who did,
               | and those who did not, believe that the citizen could --
               | or should -- be the property of the state."
        
           | ARandomerDude wrote:
           | >> People just don't trust authorities anymore, because
           | authorities time and time again have misled them.
           | 
           | > No, that's wrong model.
           | 
           | > Authorities have always misled us. There was no time in the
           | past when authorities would be truthful.
           | 
           | > What changed is us, our access to information and our
           | ability to shout out whatever you want and reach another
           | person on the other side of the world.
           | 
           | I think actually both are true. Authorities have always
           | misled, _and_ people have a deteriorating trust in
           | (especially political) authorities. The reason is because the
           | _frequency_ of lying to the public increases with an
           | authority 's access to the public. Before 24-hour news and
           | the internet, there simply wasn't as much motive for leaders
           | to lie with any real frequency. Now they do so constantly
           | because they are in constant dialogue with the public, and
           | are susceptible to frenzy.
        
             | AnimalMuppet wrote:
             | What's changed is our ability to _detect_ authorities are
             | lying to us. It 's higher than it's ever been. That erodes
             | trust, because over and over we see authorities lying to
             | us.
             | 
             | Then, add in disinformation and propaganda that makes
             | incomplete truths look like total lies, and truths look
             | like at best half-truths. That makes us perceive lying more
             | perhaps more often than authorities actually lie.
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | I think so too.
               | 
               | With a camera in every hand and an independent (or at
               | least controlled-by-competing-power) news outlet just a
               | click away, all the dirt can no longer be hidden from
               | public view.
               | 
               | Our levels of trust are approaching the level that
               | actually matches the dishonesty of the political and
               | managerial class.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | > Our levels of trust are approaching the level that
               | actually matches the dishonesty of the political and
               | managerial class.
               | 
               | Ouch. That may be the most depressing thing I've read in
               | a while. (Not saying you're wrong, though...)
        
               | avgcorrection wrote:
               | How naive. Why would any lowly person have ever trusted
               | what their lords told them?
        
           | derbOac wrote:
           | Some of it I think is an overemphasis on credentials. I think
           | this is a problem in many domains of society, but credentials
           | are vastly inflated in importance. The result of this is that
           | uncertainty is underacknowledged and valid uncredentialed
           | perspectives are under weighted.
           | 
           | Information access might be related in that credentials
           | probably mean less in reality if the information is more
           | widely distributed.
           | 
           | Scribes were more critical in ancient societies where
           | literacy wasn't common.
        
             | nobody9999 wrote:
             | >Some of it I think is an overemphasis on credentials. I
             | think this is a problem in many domains of society, but
             | credentials are vastly inflated in importance. The result
             | of this is that uncertainty is underacknowledged and valid
             | uncredentialed perspectives are under weighted.
             | 
             | Absolutely. My plumber watched a bunch of youtube videos
             | about coronary bypass surgery. And since I know him, I
             | trust him to do my quadruple bypass surgery[0] much more
             | than someone with _useless_ credentials like a an MD or
             | board certification[1].
             | 
             | Those "doctors" think that just because they went to school
             | and trained for a decade, that they somehow know more than
             | folks who haven't. That's just elitist claptrap. _Anyone_
             | who wants to watch some youtube videos and read some WebMD
             | articles about brain surgery should be allowed to perform
             | such procedures without all this regulation about
             | "training" and "licensure." /s
             | 
             | [0] https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/coronary-
             | bypass-...
             | 
             | [1] https://www.abms.org/board-certification/
             | 
             | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poe%27s_law
             | 
             | N.B.: It pains me that I had to add a '/s' at the end of my
             | comment, but given the current environment, it's important
             | to remember that Poe's Law[2] applies, even about something
             | like this. More's the pity.
        
               | derbOac wrote:
               | It almost goes without saying, but in some cases, there's
               | a fine line between sarcasm and strawmen.
        
         | avgcorrection wrote:
         | > At the same time people want certainty and simplicity, and
         | when they find they live in a world where nothing can be
         | trusted they double down and cling to whatever reflects back to
         | them their most cherished beliefs and what vilifies those they
         | deem evil. It might not be true, but at least it makes them
         | feel good, and so they can pretend it must be true if anything
         | is.
         | 
         | Like for example this simple theory? We are all people.
        
         | Ansil849 wrote:
         | > People just don't trust authorities anymore
         | 
         | I would argue that the issue is not mistrust of authority per
         | se, it is rather the rampant politicization of authority. To
         | wit, I feel like a more accurate reflection of the zeitgeist
         | is:
         | 
         | People just don't trust authorities with different political
         | leanings than them.
        
           | tablespoon wrote:
           | > I would argue that the issue is not mistrust of authority
           | per se, it is rather the rampant politicization of authority.
           | To wit, I feel like a more accurate reflection of the
           | zeitgeist is:
           | 
           | > People just don't trust authorities with different
           | political leanings than them.
           | 
           | This. People aren't really looking at "the evidence" to make
           | a personal decision on an issue, they search out some
           | authority that appeals to them and follow that.
           | 
           | In the past, I think we probably had more "norming," where
           | people were guided into trusting certain common authorities.
           | I feel that's degraded, probably for a whole host of reasons
           | (e.g. erosion of community by technology, intensification of
           | individualist ideology, discovery by some actors that
           | fomenting division is a short-term winning strategy for them,
           | etc.), and the result is what you describe.
           | 
           | Policing misinformation is also kind of norming, but the way
           | it's been done seems kind of ham-fisted due to the demands of
           | technopoly [1].
           | 
           | The failures of too-centralized authority are pretty well
           | known and understood (e.g. through the example of the Soviet
           | Union). Honestly, I feel like our current era may end up
           | being the example of the failures of _too-decentralized /too-
           | fragmented_ authority.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technopoly
        
             | thephyber wrote:
             | >> People just don't trust authorities with different
             | political leanings than them.
             | 
             | > This. People aren't really looking at "the evidence" to
             | make a personal decision on an issue, they search out some
             | authority that appeals to them and follow that.
             | 
             | Never have people always gone to first principles on all of
             | the evidence. They have always looked towards people they
             | trust to prime their beliefs. There were times when experts
             | were that trusted authority.
             | 
             | Sadly it's more common that your crazy conspiracy uncle is
             | now trusted by more people than in the past and authorities
             | are trusted by fewer than in my lifetime.
        
             | datavirtue wrote:
             | "People aren't really looking at "the evidence" to make a
             | personal decision on an issue, they search out some
             | authority that appeals to them and follow that."
             | 
             | Far more complicated than this, sorry. I agree with that
             | observation if you gleen your evidence from portrayals in
             | the media...and to some extent this is true but the
             | populist power base in aggregate is far smarter and more
             | purposed than this. What you described in the above quote
             | could also be attributed to flatly thumbing their noses at
             | the evidence because they want a certain outcome and they
             | know they can get it by chaos. You create chaos by
             | appearing to believe outrageous bullshit and acting on it
             | within an approved political arena. It's protected chaotic
             | behavior that serves the populist agenda.
        
           | echelon wrote:
           | > People just don't trust authorities with different
           | political leanings than them.
           | 
           | This. The CDC could do well to hire some conservatives to
           | help with their outreach. Put them in positions of power.
           | 
           | Both political parties should do this rather than engage in
           | destructive and polarizing brinkmanship.
           | 
           | I'm afraid focus on the short term and on "winning" makes
           | this impossible, though.
        
             | thephyber wrote:
             | This seems like accelerationism, not a solution to CDC's
             | issues.
             | 
             | No, hiring more "conservatives" in a bureaucracy doesn't
             | balance the political polarity. Our current authority trust
             | problems aren't fixed by political stance (eg. Trump
             | advocating the COVID vaccine, Fauci is a Republican). There
             | is a strong anti-science, anti-academic, anti-government,
             | anti-expert streak in the US political right. It is not
             | exclusive to the right, but the right massively outranks
             | the left in these characteristics. And pro-
             | conspiracy/paranoia propensity is high, so I suspect facts
             | simply won't break through to some people.
             | 
             | The problems the CDC had aren't related to politics. It:
             | - failed to build a test for COVID in the critical first
             | weeks,       - failed to allow many US labs to import and
             | work with COVID samples, and       - has continuously given
             | dictates (eg. about masks) which were too simple.
             | 
             | They didn't trust Americans to say that "masks might work,
             | but we want to reserve the best masks for medical workers
             | and those at highest risk of death". Michael Lewis had a
             | book which describes how the CDC and FDA are simply too
             | risk averse as the pandemic started (and before). They were
             | unable and unwilling to change.
             | 
             | Also, the problem I see isn't that the CDC doesn't hire
             | conservatives. It's more that conservatives don't enter
             | lots of fields in large numbers. Academia, journalism,
             | science, art are dominated by liberals because
             | conservatives don't encourage their kids into those fields
             | because modern conservatives don't value these jobs. That
             | and training for these jobs can easily disabuse people of
             | several tribal attributes of conservatism (eg. It's hard to
             | be a biologist, geologist, or evolutionist and remain a
             | Young Earth Creationist).
        
           | foolinaround wrote:
           | Take the Supreme Court judges and how their rulings, and take
           | issues that you can assume.
           | 
           | For atleast some of the judges, one can clearly have
           | predicted how they would have voted. The justices might have
           | just taken a vacation on the beach and just call in the
           | vote...
        
           | datavirtue wrote:
           | It's pretty much all the same to the unwashed "Trump
           | Supporter." There is a populist movement in America that is
           | somehow being missed for what it is. The populists will use
           | and discard politicians on a whim. Whoever is perceived to
           | piss on the establishment the most will curry favor and be
           | elected at that moment.
           | 
           | This is what Roger Stone and Steve Bannon we're looking to do
           | with Trump. Slam dunk.
           | 
           | This all arises from deep, deep mistrust and a perceived lack
           | of representation on the part of the establishment toward the
           | unwashed.
           | 
           | The establishment is on the ropes right now.
        
           | uberman wrote:
           | This 110%
        
           | avgcorrection wrote:
           | Where there is power there is politics. The implication that
           | authority can be depoliticized is ludicrous.
           | 
           | Or perhaps by politics you really mean culture war leanings.
        
             | Ansil849 wrote:
             | I am not at all saying that authority can be depoliticized,
             | I am simply pointing out that the underlying politics are
             | what guides adherence to or rejection of a particular
             | authority, depending on whether the authority's politics
             | are in alignment with the recipient's or not. So I feel
             | that statement that 'people just don't trust authority
             | anymore' is not accurate, as people seem perfectly willing,
             | in fact sometimes overly-willing to trust authority, with
             | the caveat being that that authority must align with them
             | politically.
             | 
             | To clarify: I am talking about the _reception_ of
             | authority, not the innate linkage of authority itself to
             | the authority figure 's politics, but the linkage of the
             | authority figure's politics to the politics of the people
             | deciding whether to be receptive or not to that authority.
        
           | jimmyjazz14 wrote:
           | I think the problem is that literally everything seems to
           | have a political leaning these days.
        
         | antihero wrote:
         | It's terrifying, the only thing that can combat this is to win
         | at a critical thinking cat and mouse, that will become ever
         | more in the favour of propagandists.
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | I don't think that it's Authority trust issue at all. I think
         | is communication issue because most of the "misleading" that
         | had happened is a result of oversimplifications in an attempt
         | to communicate very complex issues that require deep expertise
         | to have a theory or an educated guess.
         | 
         | That's in an environment where people demand simple and
         | concrete answers because we are conditioned to pay for
         | something and receive a full service for it has become the
         | norm. Unfortunately, humans are not in complete control of
         | everything, there's no global CEO that leads the efforts and
         | even the most knowledgeable people don't know that much. As a
         | result, services and the information on cutting edge are not
         | spotless.
        
           | adamrezich wrote:
           | > I don't think that it's Authority trust issue at all. I
           | think is communication issue because most of the "misleading"
           | that had happened is a result of oversimplifications in an
           | attempt to communicate very complex issues that require deep
           | expertise to have a theory or an educated guess.
           | 
           | the assumption you're making here is that Authority is always
           | correct (or at least knows when it's not 100% correct) and
           | always truthful. this is false, as demonstrated by early on
           | pandemic rhetoric of "masks don't do anything, don't buy
           | masks." we now know that, regardless of whether masks
           | actually do anything or not, this was deliberate
           | misinformation designed to get citizens to not deplete mask
           | supplies so they could be saved for medical professionals
           | early on in the pandemic when things were crazy. I have seen
           | people on this very website admit that they are aware of this
           | fact yet maintain trust in these Authorities because although
           | they _were_ deliberately misleading us, They Were Doing So
           | With Righteous Intentions, So It 's Okay.
           | 
           | once you've admitted that you're aware that an Authority has
           | lied to you, but only because It Was In Everyone's Best
           | Interest, how can you continue to trust that everything the
           | Authority says going forward is the Truth?
        
             | mrtksn wrote:
             | I don't talk about authority at all, that doesn't interests
             | me. Just to be sure, by authority I mean people who hold
             | authority over something due to their appointment.
             | 
             | For example, the mask thing is an USA issue as the people
             | who said that had no authority outside of the USA. Our
             | right wingers often import American propaganda and it's
             | death giveaway when they start talking about something that
             | some American politician like dr. Fauci said.
             | 
             | In the case of authority, there's close to 0 trust in what
             | they say where I live currenly, no one cares about the
             | authority, Therefore we here don't have a case of "We
             | trusted the authorities but we were misled" because we
             | always assume that they are corrupt and incompetent. In
             | fact, the health ministry showed better than the average
             | competence and just as they start building some trust, they
             | were exposed to be lying shamelessly.
             | 
             | Seriously, who cares about what the authorities says? I
             | thought that ship sailed long ago? Governments lying and
             | people trusting them is a myth, trust diminishes extremely
             | quickly. Politicians constantly rank at the bottom of the
             | most polls about trustworthiness, everywhere.
             | 
             | Besides the outright lying politicians, the misinformation
             | happens when people try to digest very complex information
             | beyond their capacity to understand it and when a person
             | who is actually in control of the complex information tries
             | to simplify things to the layman.
             | 
             | If physics were more mainstream, we would have people
             | misunderstanding science and data. Oh wait, we have those.
             | It's just that those people are not marching on the
             | streets(yet). We have flat Earthers , we have perpetuum
             | mobile builders, we have all kind if ridicilous stuff build
             | around layman misunderstanding things and building
             | alternative realities over oversimplified scientific
             | topics. We also have the sharlatans, sure but when people
             | say "authority in physics", that said only colloquially and
             | when they speak publicly they commit the sin of
             | oversimplifications and best guesses presented as
             | clairvoyance due to their god-like understanding of the
             | universe.
        
               | pmoriarty wrote:
               | _" Seriously, who cares about what the authorities says?
               | I thought that ship sailed long ago?"_
               | 
               | All the major religions are alive and well, and have
               | billions of believers who care very, very much about what
               | their authorities say.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | I don't think so, they usually follow local spiritual
               | leaders. That's why no issue is ever resolved by their
               | authorities, they keep fighting and dividing all the
               | time.
        
               | thephyber wrote:
               | There are some glaring counter examples to your
               | assertion.
               | 
               | The Catholic Church is the largest sect of Christianity,
               | the largest religion. Protestantism (typically a smaller,
               | more local organization) is actually a smaller branch,
               | but has many megachurches.
        
               | pmoriarty wrote:
               | _" they usually follow local spiritual leaders"_
               | 
               | Whoever they follow, those are their authorities.
               | 
               |  _" That's why no issue is ever resolved by their
               | authorities, they keep fighting and dividing all the
               | time."_
               | 
               | They fight because their authorities tell them to.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | Authority is a synonym for a leader.
        
         | tablespoon wrote:
         | > People just don't trust authorities anymore, because
         | authorities time and time again have misled them.
         | 
         | Honestly, I don't think it's that. I think the cause is the
         | perception that the "authorities" have a different set of
         | values than "you" (and they're trying to impose them through
         | orthogonal expertise-derived authority). Cataloging all the
         | times the authorities have been misleading is a downstream
         | activity to help justify pre-existing mistrust.
        
           | rayiner wrote:
           | That's two sides of the same coin. When authorities invoke
           | their expertise or science for a position, but are really
           | making a values-based argument, then people will feel misled.
        
         | mrtesthah wrote:
         | > _People just don 't trust authorities anymore, because
         | authorities time and time again have misled them._
         | 
         | It certainly has to do with trust in authorities, but for many
         | that loss of trust happened in childhood and left them with a
         | paranoid mindset and diminished capacity for logical reasoning.
         | 
         | See:
         | 
         | "Associations between adverse childhood experiences, attitudes
         | towards COVID-19 restrictions and vaccine hesitancy: a cross-
         | sectional study"
         | 
         | https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/12/2/e053915
        
           | avgcorrection wrote:
           | Should have fallen in line like all the intelligent kids.
        
         | VikingCoder wrote:
         | > because authorities time and time again have misled them.
         | 
         | I personally feel like most of the problem is exploitation.
         | 
         | When the news has some piece, "New research blah blah blah,"
         | you and I and most of our peers know that "new research" is
         | unlikely to stand up to the test of time. Yet it's breathlessly
         | reported by one station, and derided as nonsense on another
         | station.
         | 
         | When the weather report predicts no rain, and it rains, you and
         | I and most of our peers know that the prediction wasn't wrong,
         | that we're just talking about likelihoods.
         | 
         | When polls predicted a 99% chance of Hillary Clinton winning,
         | you and I and most of our peers know that the polls weren't
         | wrong. Sometimes chance comes out that way. Plus, reporting
         | those polls probably impacted the outcome.
         | 
         | The news, and politicians, and talking heads, want our outrage
         | because that's engaging. So they exploit us, by misrepresenting
         | research, science, polls...
         | 
         | Which erodes trust in authorities.
         | 
         | And yes, sometimes authorities did horrific things. Like the
         | Tuskegee Experiment. Or silencing Li Wenliang. Or MK-Ultra.
         | Gulf of Tonkin. Red Flags.
        
           | causi wrote:
           | _you and I and most of our peers know that the polls weren 't
           | wrong_
           | 
           | I mean, sure, if you don't think pollsters have any
           | responsibility for due diligence. The polls were an accurate
           | representation of what people were willing to admit to
           | planning and doing, but a lot of people weren't willing to
           | say they were voting for Trump. Popular culture and media
           | spent months telling those people they were isolated
           | deplorables who had no chance, but in the voting booth nobody
           | can shame you. Asking people over the phone whether they were
           | going to vote for Trump was like asking them if they liked
           | being spanked in bed.
        
             | jonnycomputer wrote:
             | One thing to think about here is that US electoral system
             | practically counts different peoples votes differently. A
             | voter in Georgia mattered a lot more than a voter in
             | California or Wyoming. Small polling errors in either state
             | are inconsequential, but hugely consequential in Arizona,
             | Georgia, North Carolina, etc. Lots of polls are national
             | polls, not state polls too. As it happens, the average of
             | national polls predicted the vote totals overall very well.
             | But that doesn't matter. Because it still came down to a
             | few thousands of voters in a handful of states.
        
           | datavirtue wrote:
           | Right now the press is fuelling a frenzy over Russian troops,
           | trumpeting "eminent war!!" daily. It is rediculius,
           | completely unfounded, incendiary, false, and just plain
           | dumb...but clicks matter.
        
             | mr_overalls wrote:
             | Russia has has something 130,000 troops positioned just
             | outside Ukraine's borders and in Belarus. They have tanks,
             | missile systems, amphibious landing ships, medical units,
             | established supply lines, etc.
             | 
             | They actually invaded Ukraine in 2014 and took Crimea.
             | 
             | I mean, the possibility of an invasion is not exactly far-
             | fetched.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | spywaregorilla wrote:
           | I feel obliged to point out that reputable poles predicted
           | Clinton's chances at significantly lower than 99%.
        
             | gilleain wrote:
             | Not to distract from your point ... this page : https://en.
             | wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical_polling_for_United_...
             | suggests the value was always between 40-50%
             | 
             | ... however I assume you meant "reputable polls", not
             | Polish people :)
        
               | lelandfe wrote:
               | > the value was always between 40-50%
               | 
               | Those are the raw data from polls (an estimate of the
               | popular vote), not the predictions from them ("who will
               | win" - which is what the original commenter refers to).
               | 
               | Fivethirtyeight had Clinton at 88% less than a month out
               | from election day:
               | https://projects.fivethirtyeight.com/2016-election-
               | forecast/...
        
               | mbesto wrote:
               | > Fivethirtyeight had Clinton at 88% less than a month
               | out from election day
               | 
               | And the way statistics work, a 90% forecast is truly a
               | 90% forecast - they weren't wrong with this. It's just
               | people think 99% chance of winning basically means "they
               | won". But that's not how it works. So the idea that these
               | numbers are misinformation is incorrect, it's that media
               | is using a metric that the average person has trouble
               | comprehending.
        
               | double_nan wrote:
               | > it's that media is using a metric that the average
               | person has trouble comprehending.
               | 
               | Isn't that a clear case of disinformation?
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | The public being too ignorant to interpret analysis isn't
               | disinformation.
        
               | mbesto wrote:
               | We're talking about metrics with objective definitions
               | that are taught in schools around the country, not
               | headlines like "The President is cancelling his trip to
               | Africa because he hates black people". I don't know,
               | seems like a huge difference to me...
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | > Fivethirtyeight had Clinton at 88% less than a month
               | out
               | 
               | I.e. a couple weeks before James Comey announced a
               | reopening of the investigation into the email issue?
               | 
               | I agree that 538 was likely over-interpreting their data,
               | but I think this is a bad example because the "facts" on
               | the ground changed significantly in the time period.
        
               | spywaregorilla wrote:
               | I generally put a very high stake of credibility in
               | fivethirty eight. They ended on 71%.
        
               | lelandfe wrote:
               | > I agree that 538 was likely over-interpreting their
               | data
               | 
               | I did not say this.
               | 
               | I'm illustrating the original poster's comment about
               | these forecasts being guesses of likelihood.
               | 
               | Of course Nate Silver and co. did not have Comey
               | reopening the case as a factor in their models; that is
               | not an indictment of the model itself.
               | 
               | Yet I'm sure all of us knew folks who had opinions riding
               | on the 85%+ forecasts, and then losing faith in the
               | predictions as they wildly changed over the course of
               | weeks.
        
               | quesera wrote:
               | I missed your point in the original.
               | 
               | As you say, "88% chance of winning" is not "expected to
               | receive 88% of the vote".
               | 
               | The 538 model attempted to weigh the reliability
               | (recency, reputation, magic pixie dust) of polling data
               | and project a range of outcomes.
               | 
               | And even with a "perfect" model, it can take a while to
               | absorb exogenous events like the Comey surprise.
               | 
               | The causes of 538's prediction error might be unknowable.
               | Or, to be fair, if it was even an error! Would we expect
               | probability to approach 100% in the moments before
               | polling opens? Maybe in some fields, but 538 did not
               | attempt this. IIRC they ended at ~70/30 Clinton. A single
               | roll of a die (1d6) will frequently come up 1 or 2.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | spywaregorilla wrote:
               | Polling numbers are different than predicted chance of
               | winning. A five point difference in polling numbers is
               | likely to be a 90%+ chance of winning.
        
               | josephh wrote:
               | You're comparing apple and oranges. The 99% prediction[1]
               | was based on the statistical significance calculated
               | against the polling results, and was not the actual
               | polling numbers suggested in the wiki that you linked.
               | 
               | 1. https://archive.is/enzvh
        
             | bduerst wrote:
             | Also there was undo foreign influence on the election that
             | didn't become evident until afterwards: https://en.wikipedi
             | a.org/wiki/Russian_interference_in_the_20...
        
           | 0xy wrote:
           | >you and I and most of our peers know that the polls weren't
           | wrong
           | 
           | They were wrong though, multiple key polls in battleground
           | states were far outside their margin of error, indicating
           | methodology failures or bias. As an example, the national
           | ABC/WaPo poll on November 3-6, 2016 claimed a +4% Clinton
           | result, with a 2% margin of error. [1] That's an indictment
           | of their methodology, and it's an indictment of Nate Silver
           | who weights them as an "A+" pollster.
           | 
           | I also don't think anyone needs to misrepresent research and
           | science, since huge swathes of it are fraudulent anyway. From
           | the reproducibility crisis to outright fraud and lies,
           | trusted institutions have been desecrating their reputation
           | for years.
           | 
           | The CDC now enjoys a trust rating around 50%, because of
           | incompetence and lies. News media is worse, because they lie
           | more than they tell the truth.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/the-
           | fix/wp/2016/11/07/po...
        
             | slg wrote:
             | That poll has it 47% to 43% Clinton when the actual results
             | were 48.2% to 46.1% Clinton. The only real discrepancy is
             | they overestimated the vote totals for 3rd party
             | candidates. The numbers they had when excluding 3rd parties
             | was 49% to 46% Clinton. Do some blending of those two and
             | they basically nailed it. Is this really the poll you want
             | to call out as fundamentally flawed?
        
             | belltaco wrote:
             | >As an example, the national ABC/WaPo poll on November 3-6,
             | 2016 claimed a +4% Clinton result, with a 2% margin of
             | error. [1] That's an indictment of their methodology, and
             | it's an indictment of Nate Silver who weights them as an
             | "A+" pollster.
             | 
             | Your link says 2.5% margin of error and not statistically
             | significant. What am I missing? Ironically the comment
             | appears to be misinformation.
             | 
             | >Clinton's edge in the Post-ABC poll does not reach
             | statistical significance given the poll's 2.5 percentage-
             | point margin in sampling error around each candidate's
             | support
        
             | InitialLastName wrote:
             | >As an example, the national ABC/WaPo poll on November 3-6,
             | 2016 claimed a +4% Clinton result, with a 2% margin of
             | error
             | 
             | The end result was roughly Clinton: 48%, Trump: 46%, which
             | is right at the margin, not "far outside".
        
           | ALittleLight wrote:
           | My own trust in authorities is eroded by more recent and
           | basic things than your list of horrific things.
           | 
           | For example, Afghanistan - decades of war, thousands of
           | American lives, trillions of dollars - all for no clear
           | purpose and whatever we did accomplish there seems to have
           | been reversed in a weekend. The Taliban are still in charge
           | of the country and there was never any accountability for the
           | policy and military failures.
           | 
           | Trump is another example. I often feel like I've walked out
           | of a theater after seeing a convoluted movie. I'm left asking
           | things like "So, was Trump a Russian agent?" If our
           | intelligence services thought he was, then their plan was
           | just to run him down in the press for several years? If they
           | didn't then the mainstream media was misrepresenting them for
           | years?
           | 
           | Most major things fall into this category of "I can't believe
           | our government could possibly be this bad." Climate change -
           | we need green energy but also haven't approved a new nuclear
           | reactor in decades. Infrastructure - it costs infinity
           | billion dollars to build a train, and a new public restroom
           | will take most of a decade. Economy - we're just going to
           | create trillions and trillions of dollars at ever increasing
           | rates and that will be fine somehow. Pandemic - almost too
           | much to talk about stuff going wrong.
           | 
           | I could go on and on but the main thing is that the people in
           | charge, the government and the media, seem incompetent to a
           | degree that beggars belief. Why should I trust these people?
        
             | saurik wrote:
             | I'd even add basic things like the TSA to the list: the
             | government says this is required for everyone to be safe,
             | but every single study or analysis shows it is ineffective
             | and security experts universally deride it; and yet, the
             | "authority"--which might literally be the agent at the
             | scanner with a smug attitude about the whole thing--is
             | _adamant_ this is important and that maybe _you_ are a
             | terrorist for nothing other than making a sarcastic joke
             | about the situation.
        
               | zdragnar wrote:
               | My elderly parents were both submitted to full body pat
               | downs and my dad had to pull up his pant leg to
               | demonstrate that yes, his leg brace was a medical device.
               | 
               | Neither of them are physically capable of overwhelming my
               | preschooler nephew let alone an air flight attendant.
               | 
               | So much theater for so little security.
        
               | VikingCoder wrote:
               | No one wants to sign a bill pulling back TSA, and then
               | see the headline "TSA would have stopped this terrorist."
               | 
               | Voters are not reasonable, and the media fans those
               | flames.
        
               | saurik wrote:
               | Is that supposed to make me feel better, or worse? ;P I
               | _will_ say that if everyone (including the agent at the
               | gate who doesn 't seem to want to admit this to even
               | themselves) said that out loud--instead of claiming it
               | was a critical security measure--it would make me feel a
               | lot better about the whole thing and I might not even be
               | upset about it anymore (though at that point you might
               | also see the public opinion holding it together change).
        
             | dboreham wrote:
             | Note that leaving known agents in place is a recognized
             | approach. e.g. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony_Blunt
        
               | ALittleLight wrote:
               | I don't think the approach is applicable if the agent is
               | in position to do serious harm.
        
               | adamrezich wrote:
               | do they usually let them be President for a full term of
               | four years with no consequence aside from relentless
               | media assault?
        
               | inglor_cz wrote:
               | Not even the ballsiest, most scheming intelligence
               | officer would let a known agent have the nuclear
               | suitcase, though.
        
             | hnuser847 wrote:
             | Governments are incentivized to do everything wrong at
             | every level.
             | 
             | * Unlike a business, governments don't earn revenue from
             | providing services that people want. They earn revenue
             | through taxes, which they get to collect regardless of how
             | well they govern.
             | 
             | * Unlike shareholders, politicians have zero skin in the
             | game and are therefore incentivized to be as wasteful as
             | reckless as possible. If a politician passes an overly
             | generous pension plan that ends up bankrupting the state
             | several decades in the future, the politician will suffer
             | no consequences whatsoever.
             | 
             | * Unlike monarchs, politicians don't own the state, its
             | land, or its resources. They merely get to control the
             | state for a short period of time. That means they are
             | incentivized to extract as much personal wealth out of the
             | state as rapidly as possible during their short tenure.
        
               | KerrAvon wrote:
               | I'm not convinced you understand how representative
               | democracy actually works. Are you really arguing for
               | establishing a monarchy in the US, as you seem to be?
               | 
               | > They earn revenue through taxes, which they get to
               | collect regardless of how well they govern.
               | 
               | Who is the "they" earning revenue? What does "how well
               | they govern" mean, and who is the "they" doing the
               | governing? These definitions are important. What are you
               | actually complaining about here?
               | 
               | > If a politician passes an overly generous pension plan
               | that ends up bankrupting the state several decades in the
               | future, the politician will suffer no consequences
               | whatsoever
               | 
               | Really. Gosh, that sounds very different from every
               | corporate executive ever.
               | 
               | > That means they are incentivized to extract as much
               | personal wealth out of the state as rapidly as possible
               | during their short tenure.
               | 
               | Really. Gosh, that also sounds very different from every
               | corporate executive ever.
        
               | hnuser847 wrote:
               | > I'm not convinced you understand how representative
               | democracy actually works. Are you really arguing for
               | establishing a monarchy in the US, as you seem to be?
               | 
               | Not at all, I was just juxtaposing the incentives at play
               | between the two systems.
               | 
               | > Who is the "they" earning revenue? What does "how well
               | they govern" mean, and who is the "they" doing the
               | governing? These definitions are important. What are you
               | actually complaining about here?
               | 
               | I thought the subject of the sentence was clear ("they"
               | meaning the government). The government earns money by
               | demanding it through force. Private businesses (and non-
               | profit charities) earn revenue by providing services that
               | people are willing to pay for. Businesses that sell stuff
               | people don't want will earn $0 in revenue. Do you
               | disagree?
               | 
               | > Really. Gosh, that sounds very different from every
               | corporate executive ever. > Really. Gosh, that also
               | sounds very different from every corporate executive
               | ever.
               | 
               | I agree with you to some extent. However, a corporate
               | executive is generally compensated with shares in the
               | company, so they have a pretty large incentive to keep
               | the company in tact at least. Politicians have no such
               | incentive whatsoever.
        
             | roenxi wrote:
             | > ...the people in charge, the government and the media,
             | seem incompetent to a degree that beggars belief.
             | 
             | Not exactly true, two important things intersect:
             | 
             | 1. Running a country is much harder than it looks. The
             | machinery they maintain is older, hoarier and covers more
             | diverse topics than anything and they are constantly being
             | lied to about whether it is working. It is a point I
             | struggle to get across to people as a small-government
             | proponent, but the people in power _physically cannot_
             | understand the levers they are pulling and the effects the
             | pulling achieves. Most of them aren 't even numerate and
             | the complexity at work here is beyond any human. They're
             | flying blind and often setting up bad systems with bad
             | incentives.
             | 
             | 2. The goals of the polity are not your goals. The swing
             | voter, in the moment that they vote, appears to be a
             | different and much simpler creature from anything that
             | turns up in normal conversation. The politicians have to
             | deal with that swing voter rather than do what the
             | politician may think is prudent (which, to be honest, is a
             | good thing even if it sometimes throws up terrible
             | results).
        
             | causi wrote:
             | _I 'm left asking things like "So, was Trump a Russian
             | agent?"_
             | 
             | The fact is, he never had to be. He is a fool and it was
             | easy to predict his behavior would be far better for Russia
             | than that of Clinton, and so Russia did everything it could
             | to support him and damage his opponents, no collaboration
             | necessary.
        
               | tlear wrote:
               | And yet Crimea and east Ukraine happened on Obama's watch
               | and Kyiv will fall on Biden's watch. Cool eh?
        
               | zaphar wrote:
               | All the stage setting for them Kyiv on Trump's watch. If
               | Trump had won a second term it would still have happened.
               | We ascribe entirely too much power to the office of the
               | President sometimes.
        
               | ipaddr wrote:
               | It is clear Russia is taking advantage of Biden's fear of
               | military action. China, North Korea, Iran all have been
               | more aggressive. The outcome in Afghanistan gave everyone
               | the impression America will back down. Trump kept
               | everyone off balance.
        
             | AvocadoPanic wrote:
             | You missed the subplot where the Hillary Campaign via
             | intermediaries paid a foreign national to 'develop' the
             | Trump Russia Conspiracy.
             | 
             | It's not your fault it was poorly edited and paced.
             | 
             | Looking like there may be a sequel and probably a spin-off.
        
             | datavirtue wrote:
             | A note on Afghanistan, the military started the war paying
             | farmers to stop growing poppy in an attempt to defund the
             | Taliban. The next season farmers planted more, expecting to
             | be paid to burn thier crops again. No dice. Crop production
             | ramped up, flooding the market with Heroine and
             | subsequently rounding out the pain pill opiate crisis in
             | the US with a swell of Afghanny (circuitously routed
             | through south American drug Lords) heroine. And the Taliban
             | got funding for decades. Now the media is aghast at how
             | much regular people hate the government now. Trump support
             | is just a big fat middle finger to an inept establishment
             | that currently has it's pants down around it's ankles.
        
             | guelo wrote:
             | Our intelligence services are not rogue nor do they have
             | the power to take out a democratically elected president.
             | To think otherwise is just conspiracy theories with no
             | basis.
        
               | kansface wrote:
               | My recollection is probably a bit off, but IIRC, the FBI
               | knowingly and repeatedly lied to the FISA court
               | ("material misstatements") in order to obtain secret
               | search warrants to spy on the Tump campaign based on
               | opposition research which was directly funded by the
               | Clinton campaign, who had hired a former MI6 spook to
               | find or make up dirt who also happened to be working for
               | the bureau and was secretly leaking everything to the
               | press! There were basically no consequences for anyone
               | involved, including the FBI. I wouldn't believe that
               | story line in a movie.
               | 
               | The FBI continually goads citizens into being terrorists
               | or on occasion, convinces them to kidnap a governor, then
               | arrests them and claims victory! We could look a little
               | further back in time to the aftermath of 9/11, and the
               | role the CIA played in the invasions of Afghanistan and
               | Iraq, or the even the FBI doing its best to destroy the
               | civil rights movement.
        
               | guelo wrote:
               | That's certainly the Republican narrative of that FISA
               | warrant. The inspector general report that found
               | "material misstatements" found no evidence of
               | politically-motivated or intentional abuse. It was
               | basically technical sloppiness.
               | 
               | The Iraq WMD lies were driven directly from the White
               | House, it was not a rogue CIA. For J. Edgar Hoover's FBI
               | you have a point, but it led to many reforms by the
               | Church Committee in the 70s.
        
               | mannerheim wrote:
               | Have you read the key judgements from the 2002 NIE on
               | Iraq?
               | 
               | > High Confidence:
               | 
               | > - Iraq is continuing, and in some areas expanding, its
               | chemical, biological, nuclear and missile programs
               | contrary to UN resolutions.
               | 
               | > - We are not detecting portions of these weapons
               | programs.
               | 
               | > - Iraq possesses proscribed chemical and biological
               | weapons and missiles.
               | 
               | > - Iraq could make a nuclear weapon in months to a year
               | once it acquires sufficient weapons-grade fissile
               | material.
               | 
               | https://www.dni.gov/files/documents/Iraq_NIE_Excerpts_200
               | 3.p...
        
               | ALittleLight wrote:
               | Both of those are certainly wrong.
               | 
               | The intelligence services are rogue in the sense they
               | violate our rights, lie to Congress without punishment,
               | and have zero effective oversight. Common people don't
               | control the intelligence services, the legislative branch
               | doesn't, the executive branch doesn't (unless Trump's
               | plan was to make himself look bad), and the intelligence
               | services have their own secret courts. There is no sense
               | in which they aren't rogue. They don't even explain how
               | they spend their budgets
               | 
               | They also have the power to take out a democratically
               | elected president. For instance, they could've published
               | the information they had linking Trump to Putin. They
               | could've convinced the House and the Senate to impeach or
               | Trump's cabinet to remove him.
               | 
               | The intelligence services are a perfect example of the
               | unbelievable malfunction of our government. They are
               | evil, in the sense of being torturers and murders who
               | violate American rights and ignore the law. They are
               | incompetent in the sense that they fail in spectacular
               | and embarrassing ways even against adversaries that they
               | outmatch on paper.
        
               | guelo wrote:
               | Intelligent services have been abused by presidents many
               | times but there is no credible evidence that they act in
               | opposition to a sitting president. Obama's FBI issued the
               | Trump campaign FISA warrants but Trump installed his own
               | people at the CIA/DOJ/FBI etc. The closest rogue agents
               | against Trump were the whistleblowers like Colonel
               | Vindman that were mostly rooted out and attacked
               | relentlessly to discredit them.
        
             | VikingCoder wrote:
             | I think you and I blame different people for that.
             | 
             | I blame voters for wanting easy answers, having a NIMBY
             | attitude to anything, want scapegoats, won't raise taxes in
             | good times, won't help their neighbors in bad times, blame
             | everyone else for their problems, demand instant results,
             | get bored waiting for long-term solutions, care more about
             | style over substance...
             | 
             | Politicians exploit all of those things. And so do talking
             | heads.
        
           | justinpombrio wrote:
           | > When polls predicted a 99% chance of Hillary Clinton
           | winning, you and I and most of our peers know that the polls
           | weren't wrong.
           | 
           | A bit of a tangent, but polls don't make predictions, people
           | make predictions based on the polling data. Some people
           | predicted Hillary with 99% chance, and 538 predicted Hillary
           | with 66% chance. When dealing with probabilities it's not as
           | simple as "wrong" or "not", but if people were betting then
           | those that bet 99% would have lost a _lot_ of money, and 538
           | only a little. As a result I trust 538 a lot more now; that
           | 's the nice thing about people making specific predictions,
           | you can over time learn who to trust.
           | 
           | Anyhow this tangent ultimately agrees with your point, as you
           | and I know that if a talking head makes a "99%" prediction,
           | it's got at best an 80% chance of actually happening.
        
             | jonnycomputer wrote:
             | And if 538 were consistently wrong, say wrong 80% of the
             | time, then ~538's prediction gets you right 80% of the
             | time. Win!
        
               | thetallstick wrote:
               | Doesn't this only works if an election has two possible
               | outcomes? Revotes and voids are possible as well in most
               | cases. In 2022 these things somehow feel like they're
               | much more likely than before...
        
           | mannerheim wrote:
           | I don't think any polls themselves gave odds, but I would say
           | any aggregator that gave 99% odds was definitely wrong. Nate
           | Silver gave about 70% odds, as did prediction markets - that
           | is much more reasonable.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | >because authorities time and time again have misled them.
         | 
         | I think because people are more comfortable believing what they
         | want to believe.
        
           | ratsmack wrote:
           | That may be true in a non-general sense. There are many
           | people that take the time to research and learn the truth,
           | and there are probably a number of people that prefer to just
           | go with the flow of their peers. I really couldn't tell you
           | what the split is, but I would hope most here on HN would
           | fall into the former group.
        
             | uberman wrote:
             | I'm not sure many or even a handful of people really
             | research. I feel the many go to youtube to be told by their
             | favorite talking head how to feel or rationalize a subject.
             | That is not "research".
             | 
             | I did not make a decision about masking or not because I
             | conducted primary research, nor did I read dense medical
             | papers from peer reviewed journals using terminology I
             | don't understand. I followed the advice of sources I trust.
             | 
             | That is not research in any sense of the word. If my source
             | has chosen to deceive me for whatever reason then my echo
             | chamber is never going to allow me an escape. In fact, I'll
             | most likely dismiss any counter evidence as propaganda even
             | knowing full well that is what my echo chamber is feeding
             | me.
             | 
             | People used to trust subject matter experts and now they
             | trust personalities in stead. It is a natural evolution of
             | newscaster to entertainer and reliable source to
             | propagandist.
             | 
             | I think the largest disservices were done by unethical
             | scientists such as tobacco "researchers" and military
             | sponsored clandestine medical experimenters.
             | 
             | Now we would sooner trust a reality TV personality than a
             | phd subject matter expert. We reap what we sow.
        
             | duxup wrote:
             | > There are many people that take the time to research
             | 
             | Not directed at you but "research" and internet topics. I
             | think that term has been ruined for me. Lotta folk's
             | "research" is they saw a youtube video the told them what
             | they wanted to believe .. .or they even sought it out.
             | 
             | Really hard to know what anyone means by that anymore.
             | 
             | And honestly even I don't research much, most research I
             | last did was looking for a new dishwasher... and that
             | wasn't a lot.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | Let's take this even farther. Let's say I'm going to do
               | "research" correctly (at least how I would interpret it)
               | 
               | So I get a subscription to Nature and The Lancet and
               | Science and read the literature. Except I'm now stuck. I
               | cannot attempt to reproduce any of the studies, so I'm
               | stuck either taking every study at face value, or trust
               | someone else to tell me which studies were done
               | correctly, which have merit, which were methodologically
               | flawed, which were purposely skewed to fit some desired
               | outcome etc.
               | 
               | At the end of the day, everybody has to trust someone
               | else. In my parent's generation, I think most people
               | trusted their doctors and other "credentialed" people,
               | but now for some reason millions are listening to fucking
               | Joe Rogan for health advice.
        
             | avgcorrection wrote:
             | > , but I would hope most here on HN would fall into the
             | former group.
             | 
             | Of course. That's what allows us to talk about the foibles
             | of People in this thread as if we were Martians.
        
           | thephyber wrote:
           | I think it's a little more complicated than your wording.
           | 
           | We don't go all the way to first principles on every topic,
           | so we have to make decisions about who to trust and when. We
           | tend to trust people like us. When there were still
           | gatekeepers, the sheer number of stupid opinions and fringe
           | paranoia was rare for us to be exposed to. Now those things
           | are two clicks away and they tend to be recommended by
           | engagement-focused algorithms.
           | 
           | Confirmation bias is a very strong force, but before we have
           | an opinion on a topic, we look towards trusted authorities.
           | Sadly our crazy conspiracy/paranoia uncles are greatly
           | trusted in recent years.
        
         | frankfrankfrank wrote:
         | I don't agree, unless your definition of modernity is the set
         | of unfounded and unvalidated beliefs that have been largely
         | imposed on people against their will for the last 100 or so
         | years.
         | 
         | I agree though that "moderation" is not going to change any of
         | this. What we are witnessing though are the trows of a
         | transnational regime (liberalism, globalism, social democracy,
         | whatever you want to call it) that is inherently schizophrenic
         | and is trying to desperately maintain its slipping grasp on
         | power and control... and reality for that matter. They reject
         | reality and substitute their own. That can only go on for so
         | long, but it cannot go on for ever, even if it can outlive all
         | of us. It is an attempt to violation of the laws of natural
         | order and life, and it will always fail eventually.
        
         | nonrandomstring wrote:
         | > This is really a crisis of modernity.
         | 
         | Indeed, one identified 60 years ago by philosophers like
         | Marcuse and Derrida.
         | 
         | "As the circle of human knowledge grows, so does the
         | circumference of the shadows surrounding it. That is not an
         | endorsement of ignorance, but a warning that our philosophy and
         | socio-politics must expand in proportion to our technologies."
        
         | psychlops wrote:
         | > Moderation isn't going to change any of this.
         | 
         | Oh yes it will. Whoever is in control of moderation controls
         | the information.
         | 
         | Everybody knows there is misinformation or whatever they want
         | to call it. That has always been there. Authorities unanimously
         | agree that information needs to be controlled and the argument
         | is simply over who gets the power to do it.
        
         | evrydayhustling wrote:
         | Authorities, moderation, and the mistrust of both are nothing
         | new. The modernity crisis is that we can't trust our instincts
         | any more about what's a centralized authority, what's an
         | individual, what's a moderated environment, and what's a public
         | square. There were always battle lines to contemplate, but now
         | the front line is everywhere.
        
         | lunatuna wrote:
         | >People just don't trust authorities anymore, because
         | authorities time and time again have misled them.
         | 
         | In some cases this is intentional. Less credibility/belief in
         | experts allows for authoritarian governments to more easily
         | ignore the truth.
         | 
         | I found the book "Nothing Is True and Everything Is Possible"
         | [0] was an entertaining read that did a good job showing how
         | information jamming is working. Though this is about the
         | Russian experience it is a global issue.
         | 
         | >Astroturfing and fake grassroots campaigns further undermine
         | people's trust in what they hear and read.
         | 
         | One of the more fascinating approaches was how opposition
         | groups are funded secretly and then later intentionally exposed
         | to create a credibility crisis.
         | 
         | [0] - https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/21413849-nothing-is-
         | true...
        
       | m0llusk wrote:
       | Always striving to collect and share the best and most compelling
       | observations and evidence can go a long way.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | laserbeam wrote:
       | In my experience, there's only one way out of the misinformation
       | hole. Read a lot of competing views and keep as emotionally
       | neutral a stance as possible. Learn why people love religion,
       | science, alternative medicine, math, psychology, meditation,
       | fighting, cars, guns, sailing, skiing and politics.
       | 
       | What's the fraction of a % of people willing to spend that kind
       | of effort. To learn for the sake of learning, not to prove a
       | point or show others they are right :(.
        
         | brg wrote:
         | There is another way that I have found myself more comfortable
         | with as I get older. That is to simply not have an opinion, and
         | at times actively ignore, things that are either irrelevant to
         | my life or outside of my control.
         | 
         | On many topics people rebel against this attitude, because they
         | see it as a moral imperative to be an activist. But that's not
         | how I choose to live, and I find it is easier to be happy this
         | way.
        
           | lcall wrote:
           | One of my siblings comes to mind as someone who is good at
           | this. This seems like another way of saying we have to choose
           | our battles (priorities).
           | 
           | I believe working (as wisely as we can) in the service of
           | others is important. But we have to prioritize, and being
           | peaceful, & kind & responsible to those nearest us are high
           | priorities.
        
       | Kapura wrote:
       | This should be fairly obvious? There have been myriad occasions
       | where we have collectively discovered that certain "facts" are
       | not, in fact, facts at all.
       | 
       | Given that the reality of reality is beyond the grasp of
       | certainty, a platform owner still is able to make choices about
       | what is and is not acceptable within their community. This is
       | well understood in indie game community management; nurturing
       | nurturing communities involves removing bad actors, and making
       | _subjective_ calls about whether people are acting in good or bad
       | faith.
        
       | sakopov wrote:
       | Misinformation is really a side-effect of mass manipulation of
       | truth by authority. Yet most of the safe-guards for
       | misinformation in social media have been built to police the
       | wrong group of people.
        
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       (page generated 2022-02-08 23:01 UTC)