[HN Gopher] Feds arrest couple, seize $3.6B in hacked Bitcoin funds
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       Feds arrest couple, seize $3.6B in hacked Bitcoin funds
        
       Author : mikeyouse
       Score  : 372 points
       Date   : 2022-02-08 16:50 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.washingtonpost.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.washingtonpost.com)
        
       | throwaway9191aa wrote:
       | I'm not well versed in BTC, so my prices may be wrong. But this
       | is webscale in a way I haven't thought of before.
       | 
       | It is alleged they stole 119754 BTC, which in 2016 was <
       | $1000USD. Which would have been < $100,000,000. Today, it is
       | worth 5bln. (not that 100mm is nothing.... but it is a lot less).
       | 
       | Could you imagine stealing something that most people thought was
       | a toy. Suddenly it became so valuable that the government could
       | justify who-knows-how-much resources to catch you?
        
       | jnwatson wrote:
       | This is a great argument for Monero. It is much easier to launder
       | money on a privacy-oriented blockchain.
        
       | ilamont wrote:
       | Are there any cases involving theft of this scale (or even 1/10th
       | of this scale) that have been successfully prosecuted in the
       | U.S.?
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | > "digital currency heists executed through complex money
       | laundering schemes _could undermine confidence_ in
       | cryptocurrency," said U.S. Attorney Matthew M. Graves
       | 
       | Well now you US prosecutors aren't reading hacker news!
        
       | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
       | > "After the execution of court-authorized search warrants of
       | online accounts controlled by Lichtenstein and Morgan, special
       | agents obtained access to files within an online account
       | controlled by Lichtenstein," the press release said. "Those files
       | contained the private keys required to access the digital wallet
       | that directly received the funds stolen from Bitfinex, and
       | allowed special agents to lawfully seize and recover more than
       | 94,000 bitcoin that had been stolen from Bitfinex. The recovered
       | bitcoin was valued at over $3.6 billion at the time of seizure."
       | 
       | So most likely,
       | 
       | 1) they didn't launder it properly, leading to police being able
       | to trace it to their bank accounts. I wonder if tornado.cash was
       | used.
       | 
       | 2) then police had their names, leading to warrants for all
       | online accounts - google account, apple account, etc.
       | 
       | 3) they made the big blunder of keeping their private keys in
       | their online account. Most likely a txt file in google drive.
       | That is such a silly blunder. Without the private keys, the
       | police has zero proof of anything. They could have made a hundred
       | excuses for how they got money in their bank account, as long as
       | the police didn't have the private keys. Who keeps their private
       | keys in an online account?
       | 
       | Apparently the biggest criminals make too many silly mistakes.
       | The old saying applies here: "you don't have to be smart, just
       | don't be an idiot"
        
         | soco wrote:
         | This would have happened: https://xkcd.com/538/
        
           | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
           | lol using a mixer means that the feds don't know which
           | account contains the bad funds. So they don't find the
           | identity of the perp. So no possibility of beating the perp.
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | Well you don't want to lose those keys ... there is a bit of a
         | conundrum there (granted you don't have to do it the way they
         | did either).
         | 
         | As far as how exactly they got caught, there was a reward
         | offered by the company it was stolen from. It may have been
         | someone tipped the feds off for the reward.
        
           | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
           | Crypto 101: never store private keys online.
        
             | giaour wrote:
             | Crypto 102: weep for the coins you lost when your cousin
             | spilled soda on the hard drive containing the offline-only
             | copy of your private keys
        
               | hungryforcodes wrote:
               | It's funny! But really there are loads of ways to store
               | your keys physically that are human readable.
        
               | Miner49er wrote:
               | Yeah, and then they could be fairly trivially memorized,
               | even.
        
               | giaour wrote:
               | This plan doesn't really scale to the 2000 wallets
               | mentioned in the OP. But maybe that scenario only comes
               | up when you're looking to launder billions of dollars
               | worth of BTC?
        
           | rjbwork wrote:
           | I'm not invested in crypto or really at all interested in it.
           | That said, my mentor seems pretty excited about it and is
           | pretty heavily invested as of the past few months. I advised
           | him to do something like
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shamir's_Secret_Sharing and
           | distribute it across a wide number of storage mechanisms,
           | physical, digital, and custodial. For instance, in google
           | drive, in drop box, in a bank safety deposit box, engraved in
           | a gold bar buried in your yard, in your house safe, etc.
           | 
           | Why anyone with a significant amount of crypto assets isn't
           | going to insane extremes in terms of secrecy and durability
           | is beyond me.
        
             | thinkmassive wrote:
             | For Bitcoin specifically, multi-signature wallets are far
             | superior to SSS: https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/Multi-signature
        
             | pcthrowaway wrote:
             | This is already done by Trezor: https://trezor.io/shamir/
        
             | duxup wrote:
             | I don't understand the math but I think I have seen that
             | style of secret management where any 3 of say 10 secrets
             | can access something but no 2 or any 1 secret can do it.
             | 
             | It would seem to solve a lot of just organizational
             | problems where "jan is out of the office today" and nobody
             | can do the thing ... but if access is spread out among 10
             | people ... 3 probably are in the office when needed.
             | 
             | Granted I've never seen it used in production personally,
             | not / seen it on a granular level.
        
               | shagie wrote:
               | Hashicorp Vault uses it.
               | 
               | https://learn.hashicorp.com/tutorials/vault/rekeying-and-
               | rot...
               | 
               | > In order to prevent one person from having complete
               | access to the system, Vault employs Shamir's Secret
               | Sharing Algorithm. Under this process, a secret is
               | divided into a subset of parts such that a subset of
               | those parts are needed to reconstruct the original
               | secret. Vault makes heavy use of this algorithm as part
               | of the unsealing process.
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | I have used it. It works. Tooling is still pretty poor.
               | Every use, we ended up bringing the necessary people into
               | a room, booting up an offline laptop from a sha-summed
               | live USB, QR code scanning each of our secrets, combining
               | them, then using the key to sign whatever we needed to
               | sign, photographing the signature as a QR code. We use
               | software from 2008 because an OS stack contains code from
               | tens of thousands of developers, and we felt old software
               | was less likely to have an active 'steal these keys and
               | exfiltrate them via open wifi' malware.
               | 
               | We would first go through the process with 'dummy' keys
               | to check everyone was happy with the process and what we
               | were going to do (ie. which commands, what software, what
               | exactly will be signed). We would then do it again with
               | the real thing. And then we'd power off the computer till
               | next time it needed to be used.
               | 
               | "Clunky" would be a good way to describe it... But it's
               | hard to make it better without relying on a bunch of
               | software we don't have the resources to audit.
        
               | duxup wrote:
               | Yeah it seems very much like an elegant solution whose
               | usage would be a bit of its own kind of beast to deal
               | with.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
         | While I do partially agree that some of it may be
         | grandstanding. The whole:
         | 
         | "Thanks to the meticulous work of law enforcement, the
         | department once again showed how it can and will follow the
         | money, no matter what form it takes."
         | 
         | and suggesting AEC and chain hopping is futile is an effective
         | propaganda tool. I mean its possible something major changed,
         | but I think your thoughts are closer to reality.
         | 
         | If true, this is interesting, because apparently fake identity
         | accounts on exchanges are cheap ( partially 'thanks' to all the
         | breaches over the years ).
         | 
         | edit: added '' to thanks
        
           | salawat wrote:
           | ...any system appropriate for shluffing around value by
           | definition comes with being able to trace things with enough
           | attention to detail.
        
           | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
           | I agree. Propaganda is very effective here. And it's actually
           | good - it deters potential criminals.
           | 
           | But if someone who knew how crypto works wanted to commit a
           | crime, they can. That's scary.
        
             | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
             | Sorry, yes. I used the term propaganda, but I briefly
             | forgot its negative connotation. In this particular
             | instance, I meant it more along the lines of 'shock and
             | awe' your adversaries. I am hardly cheering on an alleged
             | hacker/thief/launderer. The point stands, but thank you for
             | pointing the perception issue out.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | mardifoufs wrote:
         | You have to keep in mind that a lot of those highlighted
         | "trivial" series of mistakes can be just the result of parallel
         | construction, and what evidence really "did them in" can be
         | completely different from what's stated by the prosecution. It
         | is very easy to find tons of small mistakes once you already
         | know what you have to look for thanks to an undisclosed huge
         | exploit/honeypot/technically-illegal-seizures that you can use.
         | 
         | Proving this is hard by design, but a good example of that
         | would be how they used the Hansa market as a honeypot by
         | running the market themselves for months.
         | 
         | The entire investigation around Alphabay and how they got to
         | the owner is a bit shady, too, and there have been tons of
         | rumors of the entire official case being based on ad-hoc
         | parallel construction.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | _3) they made the big blunder of keeping their private keys in
         | their online account. Most likely a txt file in google drive.
         | That is such a silly blunder. Without the private keys, the
         | police has zero proof of anything. They could have made a
         | hundred excuses for how they got money in their bank account,
         | as long as the police didn 't have the private keys. Who keeps
         | their private keys in an online account?_
         | 
         | Not necessarily. If they can spend stolen $, presumably that
         | may be enough to persuade a jury they own it.
        
           | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
           | I agee. Also, intimidation tactics can work here - e.g.
           | telling them they might go to prison for life bec justice
           | wants to make an example out of them.
        
         | X6S1x6Okd1st wrote:
         | There's a lot of evidence in the statement_of_facts however
         | it's unclear how much of it can only be reconstructed with the
         | private keys. Interested parties should really look to what was
         | known to grant the search warrant.
         | 
         | https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1470186/downl...
        
           | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
           | They don't usually give details of how they caught them,
           | because the next bad-actor will read that to know their
           | tactics.
           | 
           | Search warrants are given on _reasonable doubt_. When it
           | comes to cryptocurrencies, the feds have _reasonable doubt_
           | on everyone. So it is always possible for them to get a
           | search warrant.
           | 
           | I emphasized private keys, bec without them, no matter how
           | much doubt the feds had, they couldn't prove anything.
        
             | aksss wrote:
             | > reasonable doubt
             | 
             | I think you mean reasonable suspicion & probable cause.
             | 
             | Reasonable doubt is the threshold prosecutors must appear
             | to exceed for a successful finding of guilt with a jury
             | (elimination of reasonable doubt).
        
               | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
               | You are right. I meant "reasonable suspicion & probable
               | cause". My bad. Got confused between the 2.
        
         | not2b wrote:
         | The (alleged) criminal only has to make one mistake to get
         | caught, if the pursuers are good. Steal enough money and the
         | best pursuers will be assigned to catch the perp.
        
           | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
           | Agreed. But the (alleged) criminal kept private keys on cloud
           | AND used weak encryption. These are extremely silly mistakes.
           | 
           | They could have used bitwarden (or a password manager) and
           | they would be good to go.
           | 
           | Also the best pursuers needs 6 years (2022 - 2016) to catch
           | them. Plenty of time for the perps to take a lot of measures.
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | John Ruffo who stole $300 million still at large after 20
           | years
        
             | axiosgunnar wrote:
             | might be dead by now?
        
             | aksss wrote:
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Ruffo
             | 
             | $25,000 bounty seems pretty small, considering.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | Tornado only works for eth. they would need a bridge.
         | 
         | they were done-in by I am assuming to be a weak password,
         | enough entropy would have made it uncrackable
        
           | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
           | good point. If they had tried to use a bridge to convert
           | their _bad_ bitcoin with _good_ ethereum, would they have
           | been denied service since everyone knew that these btc were
           | _bad_?
           | 
           | As to your 2nd point, I agree. Another mistake was uploading
           | private keys to google drive.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | A good guess is that "laundering" billions of dollars is
         | inherently a non-trivial problem, and perhaps not feasible at
         | all without cooperation from shady real-world actors _outside_
         | the whole cryptocurrency ecosystem. This is actually good news
         | for small-scale users who just want to keep their
         | microtransactions reasonably private - the usual mechanisms
         | might actually work well enough for that case.
        
           | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
           | I agree. But if not for privacy, why use crypto at all? Even
           | bank accounts are reasonably private, if you are not doing
           | anything considered suspicious by society.
           | 
           | Also, with mixers such as tornado_cash, laundering money is ,
           | _sadly_ , pretty trivial.
        
             | wcoenen wrote:
             | Mixing is not laundering.
             | 
             | The difference is that laundering provides you with an
             | explanation for wealth and/or income. Example of
             | laundering: buy a business (with clean or borrowed money),
             | have fictional customers "spend" their cash money at your
             | business every day, then report your income and pay taxes.
             | Now if anybody asks about where you got your money, you
             | have a seemingly legit explanation.
             | 
             | Mixing does none of that. So mixing may be trivial, but
             | laundering is not.
             | 
             | edit: now that I think about it, is that why NFTs are so
             | popular? Are people pretending to have gotten capital
             | gains, while in reality they're buying these things from
             | themselves? That would explain a lot.
        
               | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
               | tornado.cash puts your crypto in a completely fresh
               | account (using smart contracts). You can claim that you
               | earned this crypto mining it back in 2010. You can
               | definitely come up with a decent excuse for this.
               | 
               | Then you can convert those crypto (in new account) into
               | fiat money.
               | 
               | Everyone will know you are lying, but they will never be
               | able to prove it.
        
               | buryat wrote:
               | you would need to show crypto addresses from 2010 and
               | prove that you still have access to them
        
               | 323 wrote:
               | If you read the indictment, they claimed they had bitcoin
               | from mining in 2011, the exchange asked for further
               | proof, and they just abandoned the bitcoin (~$150k). The
               | exchange surely notified the authorities, because who
               | abandons $150k of legit bitcoin?
               | 
               | So claiming it was from mining didn't work in this
               | particular instance.
               | 
               | They don't need to prove you are lying in all instances,
               | it's enough to prove you are lying in one instance. They
               | will get you for that one instance where you didn't
               | launder it properly if they are after you.
        
               | whatshisface wrote:
               | That sounds impossible, wouldn't people be able to see
               | that the account didn't have those coins in 2010?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | everfree wrote:
               | It's very common to use more than one account, and send
               | money between them for various reasons.
        
               | andruby wrote:
               | Wrt NFT: yes. Just like the art business is great for
               | laundering, so is the art+crypto combo of NFT's.
               | 
               | At least, that's how I think about it.
        
               | TremendousJudge wrote:
               | Regarding NFTs, that's how the high art market works.
               | It's for money laundering. "I just sold this Picasso,
               | that's where this money came from Mr Taxman"
        
               | boc wrote:
               | I love how you're just realizing that NFTs are a pure
               | money-laundering scheme. Just wash trade your bored ape
               | and "sell" it to your alter ego and bam! Legitimate
               | income for the cost of some ETH gas.
        
             | Dwolb wrote:
             | Speculation, self-sovereignty, ease of
             | use/trade/leverage/exchange
        
               | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
               | > Speculation
               | 
               | You can do that by _owning_ crypto. No need to use it.
               | 
               | > Self-sovereignty
               | 
               | Majority people use centralized exchanges, which
               | regularly control transactions.
               | 
               | > Ease of use/trade/leverage/exchange
               | 
               | Fiat banking is much easier to use than crypto. It's also
               | faster. Now everyone uses 1-tap payments. Crypto
               | transactions are more complicated than that. They also
               | take longer. Also are bad for the environment (not as bad
               | as media portrays, but bad nonetheless)
        
               | tedivm wrote:
               | Even the apps built off of the "blockchain" rarely touch
               | the blockchain. Companies aren't looking up NFTs on the
               | chain, they're just hitting OpenSea APIs.
        
               | Dwolb wrote:
               | A few counterpoints,
               | 
               | Speculation for IDOs usually requires directly
               | interacting with the contract with your wallet. Likewise
               | new tokens are found on DEXes which requires taking
               | custody of the token.
               | 
               | Borrowing against crypto, leveraging it, going delta
               | neutral, buying options are all available on chain,
               | typically with better yields, and with a higher variety
               | of tokens.
        
           | kyleee wrote:
           | with that amount one would be wise to get in touch with HSBC,
           | they provide laundering services (but don't market it to the
           | general public)
        
         | iskander wrote:
         | They mention chain hopping and privacy chains. Maybe they
         | slipped up using ZEC and made some of their transactions
         | public?
        
           | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
           | Could be. But even if some of the transactions became public,
           | it should be fine as long as the end transactions (crypto ->
           | fiat) is private, right?
        
             | iskander wrote:
             | There are very few exchanges left which don't require KYC
             | and even then the real final step is cashing to some kind
             | of bank account. I don't think crypto->fiat privacy is
             | possible beyond a certain level of wealth.
        
               | 35fbe7d3d5b9 wrote:
               | OFAC has broadened enforcement to the point that pretty
               | much _any_ financial transaction across the world has a
               | US nexus. Moving that much stolen crypto without the feds
               | noticing? No chance.
        
           | paulpauper wrote:
           | where do mention?
        
         | tsimionescu wrote:
         | Well, the police had a search warrant, so the police could have
         | found them if they had had them in their possession anyway.
         | 
         | Sure, they could have destroyed them, losing the money but
         | maybe not getting arrested?
        
           | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
           | vitalik (ethereum founder) used an interesting system. He
           | split the key in 2. Wrote both on paper. Gave 1 paper to
           | family and kept the other. Even if the police raid him
           | (hypothetically), they cannot raid the houses of his family
           | and friends _at the same time_
           | 
           | This way the police or anybody else cannot get your private
           | key.
        
             | throwhauser wrote:
             | The police wouldn't have to raid the family members, they'd
             | likely give up what they know immediately, to avoid become
             | accessories to whatever crime the police were alleging.
        
             | diego wrote:
             | No, but if you don't have your half memorized and they take
             | it from you, the other half is useless. This is more useful
             | if you want to leave your crypto to your family if you die,
             | provided that you make it easy for them to find your half
             | if you're not around.
        
               | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
               | Excellent point! I never considered this.
        
             | chrisfosterelli wrote:
             | > Even if the police raid him (hypothetically), they cannot
             | raid the houses of his family and friends at the same time
             | 
             | ...why not? Police coordinate raids all the time.
        
               | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
               | How many raids? 1 on him, 5 on family, 20 on friends?
               | 
               | Isn't that impractical? Also how were the police supposed
               | to know that he used this system?
        
               | giaour wrote:
               | I mean, he announced it publicly. The police would know
               | from his popular blog.
        
               | grumple wrote:
               | You really think the government would have trouble doing
               | a handful of raids at once? They have enough officers to
               | do a thousand raids at once. The FBI and Interpol did
               | just that recently, coordinated across more than a dozen
               | countries:
               | 
               | https://www.europol.europa.eu/media-
               | press/newsroom/news/800-...
        
               | baybal2 wrote:
               | The probability of Russian police coordinating a raid
               | with the NYC police is 0.00%
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | paulpauper wrote:
             | or you end up with a useless half key or your trusted
             | accomplice helps in the investigation
        
               | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
               | The police don't know that you split the key. But I get
               | what you mean. I am sure there are better ways to hide
               | private keys.
               | 
               | Encrypting it with a good password that you remember and
               | then printing the encrypted keys comes to mind.
        
               | hungryforcodes wrote:
               | Wait but didn't Vitalik announce he split it on his blog
               | or Twitter?
        
           | BobbyJo wrote:
           | When a few billion is at stake, you think they'd make the
           | effort to memorize the keys. Or at least encrypt them.
        
             | tsimionescu wrote:
             | When a few billion is at stake, I would definitely not
             | trust my memory for a chance to lose access.
        
             | nerdwaller wrote:
             | The file the feds found had 2,000 addresses - so there's a
             | non-trivial amount of 12 word phrases to remember.
        
               | akomtu wrote:
               | You only need to remember a big random number (can be a
               | long phrase from a book you like), and a rule that
               | generates keys, e.g. (keyid, seed) -> hash(keyid + seed).
               | Needless to say, you never write the seed phrase down. At
               | most you keep a vague pointer to the author of that book.
        
               | paulpauper wrote:
               | you would only need to memorize one seed to spawn
               | infinite key pairs
        
               | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
               | can you elaborate? I find this very interesting. We can't
               | choose which private key we get.
               | 
               | So is it possible for 1 seed to generate all of them?
               | Doesn't that break information theory (Shannon's
               | compression limit)?
        
               | Bootvis wrote:
               | First you create the seed, then you create the keys. Not
               | the other way around.
        
               | rogers18445 wrote:
               | You use a 2048 word dictionary (a random choice in that
               | wordlist represents [log 2048 =] 11 bits of entropy) then
               | you generate a random string of 132 bits to be your
               | cryptographic seed which is a sequence of 12 words from
               | the wordlist which you memorize.
               | 
               | From that seed you can generate for all practical
               | purposes an infinite number of private keys for any and
               | all purposes in existence. Using cryptographic one way
               | functions such as a hash or PRNG.
               | 
               | Example: truncate_as_needed ( sha512 (seed | 2022 |
               | wallet_title | priv #123) ) = private key #123
        
               | lordnacho wrote:
               | Have a google for BIP-32, about Hierchical Deterministic
               | Wallets. A secret key is nothing but a number, so it's
               | not too hard to generate more numbers from that seed. If
               | you have the seed and the parameters for the child
               | numbers, you have all the private keys you want.
        
           | kodah wrote:
           | Keys are conspicuously easy to hide. My PGP master key that
           | I've been using for some time is hidden on two devices which
           | would be difficult to identify much less locate and are
           | encrypted as well.
        
             | paulpauper wrote:
             | strong passwords. aes256 with even just 7 word password
             | chosen from a 1000-word dictionary cannot be cracked with
             | existing tech
        
               | akomtu wrote:
               | TBH, with 4B at stake, I wouldnt blindly rely on AES. I'd
               | use it as the 1st step, and then additionally encrypt its
               | output with a custom AES-like algorithm (change tge
               | s-box, change the number of rounds, maybe upgrade it to
               | 512 bits). Even if my homebrew algo is weak, there's
               | still standard AES behind it.
        
               | boring_twenties wrote:
               | Why mess with AES when you can just use another strong
               | algorithm or two? e.g. AES+SERPENT+Twofish, with three
               | separate unrelated keys of course.
        
               | rogers18445 wrote:
               | You are pushing it. 1000 words is 10 bits of entropy per
               | randomly chosen word. 70 bits of entropy is probably
               | crackable by a government agency.
               | 
               | Edit: I checked and unless I mixed some zeroes somewhere
               | it looks like the current bitcoin hash rate of 200
               | million TH/s can crack 92 bits within a year. log
               | (200,000,000,000,000,000,000*3600*24*365) / log 2 = 92.35
        
             | pavel_lishin wrote:
             | They're easy to hide as long as the federal government
             | isn't trying to tie you to 4.5 billion worth of something.
        
               | kodah wrote:
               | Even with the fervor of the federal government they'd be
               | easy to hide.
               | 
               | A USB is tiny, and you can shrink it's footprint with
               | USB-C. You can also buy USB keys with tamper-proof
               | housings that will blow a fuse if opened to be physically
               | compromised. Coupled with strong post-quantum crypto,
               | that key is relatively secure, even if physically
               | discovered.
               | 
               | That's just the technical bit. You can also split the key
               | in half and transfer the other half somewhere, which
               | creates legal protection. You could also create a housing
               | for the key so it's not easily discoverable.
               | 
               | If all that sounds a bit extra, circle back to that the
               | perpetrator has 4.5 Billion worth of something.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | rootusrootus wrote:
               | > If all that sounds a bit extra, circle back to that the
               | perpetrator has 4.5 Billion worth of something.
               | 
               | It does sound like a lot of work. I think I'd go with the
               | $5 wrench option.
        
       | modeless wrote:
       | So what will happen to the coins? They'll probably be looking for
       | any excuse to avoid giving billions back to Bitfinex. This will
       | be fascinating.
        
         | peter303 wrote:
         | DOJ says they'll be returned to previous owners.
        
           | modeless wrote:
           | Sure, but what does that mean? Will they return it to
           | Bitfinex to distribute? Will they try to distribute it
           | themselves? How will the accounting for who owns it work
           | given Bitfinex's complex (and probably illegal under US law)
           | token scheme that they implemented to cover up the hack? Will
           | they return amounts calculated based on the value stolen in
           | 2016, or the value of the coins now, a 60x difference? Will
           | they sell the coins and transfer dollars to claimants, or
           | transfer the coins directly?
        
       | caseysoftware wrote:
       | I'm sitting here trying to understand their mindset.
       | 
       | They had to know what kind of scrutiny would be on those coins
       | forever.
       | 
       | At the time of the theft, the coins are worth $100M+ and they
       | can't touch them. Even worse, anything they do with them will be
       | monitored, researched, dug into, and everything else from law
       | enforcement, amateur detectives, and every major tech+crime
       | group.
       | 
       | Fast forward to now and the coins are worth 50x that.. and _now_
       | they try to move them? And all the keys are in cloud storage? But
       | it had to be frustrating to be sitting on something so valuable
       | without any way to use it. They had to be stressed and anxious
       | about it.
       | 
       | A life of crime is stupid. A life of crime for something this
       | high profile is far beyond stupid.
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | I was wondering about this. I would think the most obvious path
         | would be to find some other criminals (now you've got new
         | risks) who don't care about the provenance of the coins, will
         | pay cash for some coins at a discount, and you somehow launder
         | that cash....
         | 
         | Could at least get a couple bucks from it, possibly.
        
           | lyricx wrote:
           | .
        
             | duxup wrote:
             | The thing about Craigslist is now you need to meet folks /
             | exchange ... you're only going to make so many of those
             | transactions.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | caseysoftware wrote:
           | Or weaponize the coins.
           | 
           | Take 10 BTC and give them to 100 groups/people you don't
           | like. Investigators make their lives miserable for a while.
           | 
           | For normal people, that'd be ridiculously expensive but since
           | they didn't pay for the coins and have 100k+ more they can't
           | use, it's "free."
        
             | duxup wrote:
             | I feel like you'd just be making 100 enemies...
             | 
             | They could easily point and say "dude I don't know who that
             | was, here's those coins FBI".
        
             | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
             | I am genuinely surprised it has not happened already ( or
             | maybe it did, but it did not make news ). If NK hackers
             | wanted to get someone in trouble, connecting someone to one
             | of the wallets listed by OFAC would be relatively
             | effortless.
        
             | giaour wrote:
             | Wouldn't investigators look at the provenance address for
             | one of those 100 transactions? That seems like a dangerous
             | prank.
        
               | mtoner23 wrote:
               | They already knew that address though, they were waiting
               | for them to convert the BTC to USD to find the person
               | tied to the address. Still dangerous because the person
               | you sent them to might give the feds your name.
        
             | vmception wrote:
             | haha right! I would have bridged them to the Ethereum
             | network and sent it to everyone with an ENS registered
        
               | polynomial wrote:
               | Sort of like a Random Robin Hood.
        
             | 323 wrote:
             | That wouldn't work, the same way it wouldn't work to park a
             | stolen Ferrari or a bag of cash in front of your house to
             | accuse you of something. The situation would be cleared up
             | pretty quickly.
        
           | tannhauser23 wrote:
           | There are "local bitcoin trading" groups that do exactly this
           | - convert bitcoin to cash at a discount. But obviously you
           | can't do this for billions of dollars and you expose yourself
           | to personal monitoring and capture.
        
             | giaour wrote:
             | I'd bet there's a non-zero chance your exchange
             | counterparty at one of these groups is an undercover cop.
        
           | hedora wrote:
           | On the one hand, the mob would probably be happy to buy them
           | for 10-30% face value. On the other hand, how do you contact
           | a reputable mob boss?
        
             | duxup wrote:
             | Yeah I think the odds of "how about you give me cash and I
             | not turn you in" are ... possible.
             | 
             | Bitfinex was offering a reward....
        
             | salawat wrote:
             | ...If you have to ask...
        
             | genericone wrote:
             | More importantly, how do you stop them from contacting you
             | after this transaction.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | majani wrote:
         | One trip to Russia would have solved all their problems. Just
         | saying
        
           | Dma54rhs wrote:
           | How or why is that? Why would it be easy to cash in or sale 4
           | billion dollar worth of crypto in Russia? Russia probably
           | doesn't extradite a person to Americans (not sure about non
           | citizens) but there are plenty of sharks who would want to
           | get their hands on these coins if that came to public anyway.
        
             | manquer wrote:
             | They have not extradited Snowden. If it is politically
             | favorable they would grant residency. There are other few
             | other countries who who do the same, but only one or two
             | like Russia could withstand U.S. pressure if they harbor
             | such a high profile figure.
             | 
             | Of course Putin will take all the money anyway, so what is
             | the point ? Getting the mob for support never ends well.
             | 
             | Also to note one of them is a dual Russian citizen so it
             | more complex than the hypothetical
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | jupblb wrote:
       | And to think ~10 years ago it was subject of a joke to call
       | police because of theft of fictional online goods [1].
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jSyjcib_Fps
        
       | JumpCrisscross wrote:
       | What possesses someone who just stole billions to stay in New
       | York while trying to launder their money? Staying and pretending
       | it didn't happen, I get. Pulling a Marsalek, I get. But staying?
       | While continuing to try and access that wealth?
       | 
       | Is it arrogance? Stupidity? Misplaced faith in the anonymity of
       | crypto?
        
       | openhandcrimp wrote:
       | It seems that Tornado Cash (https://tornado.cash/) could have
       | been used to launder the funds. I wonder if:
       | 
       | - Laundering happened before Tornado Cash existed, so Tornado
       | Cash was not used
       | 
       | - They used something like Tornado Cash, but the funds were still
       | traceable
        
         | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
         | That was my first question as well. But for someone who stores
         | private keys of coins worth billions of dollars on google
         | drive, I don't think using a mixer was a big concern.
         | 
         | They couldn't even bother to use strong encryption on the file
         | of private keys. Crypto 101: never store private keys online.
        
           | openhandcrimp wrote:
           | Good point!
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | As other commenters have noted, they stored the public/private
         | keys on a cloud drive. A coin mixer isn't going to save you
         | from that.
        
         | runeks wrote:
         | Are you using Tornado Cash to launder money?
        
           | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
           | Talking about someone laundering money doesn't mean that they
           | are. You are assuming guilt without any cause.
           | 
           | Talking about mixers (such as tornado_cash) is a worthy
           | discussion on a post about laundering cryptocurrencies.
        
           | gruez wrote:
           | Yeah wtf, I'm not sure why he's randomly namedropping it.
        
             | openhandcrimp wrote:
             | I don't understand why you are being so aggressive. This is
             | a post about news on laundering crypto. I am aware of a
             | technology that seems to cater to that use case.
        
           | openhandcrimp wrote:
           | I am personally not, but don't you think that use case is
           | obvious?
        
         | yokem55 wrote:
         | So, tornado only takes Eth.
         | 
         | They could have used something like wbtc, to bridge the bitcoin
         | to Ethereum and then swap to eth to run it through tornado. But
         | wbtc is a custodial wrapping service that would require kyc.
         | There are other wrapping services that don't, but they have
         | nowhere near that much liquidity on Ethereum to execute the
         | trade to eth needed to run it through tornado.
         | 
         | The other problem is that tornado has limited liquidity itself.
         | At the moment there is about $500M USD worth of eth in tornado.
         | You would do yourself no good to dump a large multiple of that
         | into the pool all at once.
        
           | openhandcrimp wrote:
           | Good points! Thorchain (a non-custodial service) claims 1.9B
           | total swap volume. So, while not viable today for billions of
           | dollars, the Bitcoin -> Thorchain -> Tornado Cash pathway
           | seems to be viable for smaller amounts. Which doesn't
           | necessarily bode well for recovering stolen bitcoin (and
           | other crypto) in the future.
           | 
           | A thief still has to figure out how to convert crypto to
           | fiat. But I am assuming that there are jurisdictions where
           | this is possible without KYC.
        
             | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
             | Once you have crypto in a clean account, what's the problem
             | with providing KYC to convert it to fiat through any
             | exchange?
        
               | openhandcrimp wrote:
               | I was thinking that there are probably thresholds that
               | trigger alarms when large amounts of crypto are converted
               | to fiat. If crypto is coming from a clean address, there
               | is not evidence of illegal activity. But there is still
               | the question of where those funds originated. So I am not
               | sure if government entities can seize those assets...
        
         | knownjorbist wrote:
         | Another possibility is Ironfish(https://ironfish.network/), but
         | I don't know how much liquidity there exists in either of
         | these. I don't think you could launder/hide $4bn through either
         | of these. Perhaps slowly over a long period of time.
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | Ironfish is just a testnet so there is zero liquidity there
           | because it isn't even launched.
           | 
           | Tornado cash has about $700mm right now deposited in it, with
           | the vast majority of that being in the 100 ETH deposit pool.
           | 
           | They absolutely could have done it over time. They could have
           | bridged the Bitcoin using the RenVM protocol to receive
           | renBTC, done a combination of selling the renBTC and let
           | arbitrageurs provide the liquidity as the couple would have
           | had to sell a little below market. They could then deposit
           | the ETH in Tornado.cash. Simultaneously to speed things up,
           | they could have deposited the renBTC into an onchain staking
           | protocol to borrow against it, using the borrowed proceeds as
           | their liquidity, and possibly even just forgetting about the
           | collateral and letting the protocol take it eventually.
           | 
           | Even though they would be a large part of the Tornado.cash
           | pool, it would actually only be "for now" because there are
           | several other heists of large seizes that are turned away
           | from Tornado.cash because it is too small. So liquidity
           | begets liquidity. I would content that even if they had
           | become 60% of the pool, boosting its size to $1.5bn, that it
           | would have attracted many more deposits, I could see
           | Tornado.cash being a $3bn pool by now, given the size of
           | heists that I know of.
           | 
           | Tornado.cash of course is not good enough to reintegrate back
           | into the economy, under your name. So _then_ they could have
           | employed the reintegration.
           | 
           | With clean money they earned from salary, they could have
           | created a random token on the Ethereum network, lets call it
           | SHIBA INU (SHIB), made sure to keep a bunch of the tokens for
           | themselves, and then withdrawn tornado cash notes to 100,000
           | addresses which programmatically bought SHIB, and pumped the
           | token 52885982.4% and just been a lucky trader that cashes
           | out with long term capital gains they pay. They would have
           | had many more billions doing that.
           | 
           | Its too bad that people could try to throw a "conspiracy to
           | commit" charge at me too, the moment I use Tornado Cash or
           | launch an erc20 token now, but its more important to me that
           | my speech isn't chilled so that you all can have a better
           | discussion about it.
        
             | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
             | Excellent post!
             | 
             | I have a question: is it possible to write scripts to do
             | the above automatically? Or does it have to be a manual
             | process?
             | 
             | Few people understand the ecosystem thoroughly (I admit
             | that I do not), so few people can implement the manual
             | process properly. One mistake equals 0 privacy.
             | 
             | Also, would they be allowed to use renVM since everyone
             | knew that these accounts contained _bad_ bitcoin?
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | It is possible to write scripts to do this automatically,
               | and randomized activity.
               | 
               | There is a push for more and more permissionless bridges.
               | All the bridge builders and their communities shy away
               | from that obvious discussion because they do host and
               | earn basis points from any crypto that passes over the
               | bridge, even if it is obviously from a heist. It would
               | put a bridge, especially that bridge, in a tough spot if
               | these hackers did too much too soon, the hackers would
               | have needed to be watching bridge technology and from
               | this indictment it just looks like they werent.
        
             | madars wrote:
             | What about network level privacy? i.e. they'd also want to
             | minimize the linkage between broadcast patterns and
             | characteristics of those 100k addresses
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | Run their own nodes on the respective cryptocurrency
               | networks they use.
        
             | openhandcrimp wrote:
             | An excellent overview of how the crypto ecosystem glues
             | together. Also a shame that understanding and explaining
             | how these technologies can be (and probably are!) used
             | together leads to accusations of criminal past or
             | intentions.
        
       | FDSGSG wrote:
       | So uh, does this money get returned to Bitfinex now? Is this a
       | huge windfall for them? They've fully redeemed their BFX tokens
       | for whatever that's worth.
        
       | mikeyouse wrote:
       | > _The Justice Department announced Tuesday it had seized more
       | than $3.6 billion in bitcoin allegedly stolen as part of a 2016
       | hack of Bitfinex, saying authorities have also arrested and
       | charged a husband and wife in New York for allegedly trying to
       | launder the cryptocurrency fortune._
       | 
       | > _Officials said Ilya Lichtenstein, 34, and his wife, Heather
       | Morgan, 31, were arrested on charges of conspiring to launder
       | money. They are accused of trying to launder 119,754 bitcoin that
       | were stolen after a hacker breached Bitfinex, a cryptocurrency
       | exchange, and initiated more than 2,000 unauthorized
       | transactions. Prosecutors said the bitcoin was sent to a digital
       | wallet controlled by Lichtenstein._
       | 
       | From the actual charging statement
       | (https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-
       | release/file/1470186/downl...), the Feds have more details and
       | fascinating traces through the various methods which the accused
       | laundered the funds. Raises the question of whether they would've
       | attracted so much attention if it were "only" a $70M hack instead
       | of the multibillion dollar one due to BTC appreciation.
       | 
       | > _In or around August 2016, a hacker breached Victim VCE's
       | security systems and infiltrated its infrastructure. While inside
       | Victim VCE's network, the hacker was able to initiate over 2,000
       | unauthorized BTC transactions, in which approximately 119,754 BTC
       | was transferred from Victim VCE's wallets to an outside wallet.
       | At the time of the breach, 119,754 BTC was valued at
       | approximately $71 million. Due to the increase in the value6 of
       | BTC since the breach, the stolen funds are valued at over $4.5
       | billion as of February 2022._
        
       | 300bps wrote:
       | The hack occurred 5.5 years ago. The Federal statute of
       | limitations on Grand Theft/Larceny is 5 years. Is this why they
       | are charged with Conspiracy to Commit Money Laundring and not
       | charged with the actual theft?
       | 
       |  _Lichtenstein and Morgan are charged with conspiracy to commit
       | money laundering_
       | 
       | If so, this means that (outside tax obligations) they may have
       | gotten away with it essentially by sitting on the money doing
       | nothing for 5 years and then openly transferred it to themselves.
       | Since they took actions that were meant to launder the money,
       | they opened themselves up to the money laundering charges on
       | their own.
       | 
       | https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/3282
       | 
       | This is similar to many financial regulations where you can have
       | completely legally obtained money but if you deposit $9,000
       | followed by depositing $1,000 thereby avoiding a CTR notification
       | to the government required for a $10,000 deposit, you're guilty
       | of "structuring" your deposits.
       | 
       | https://www.fincen.gov/sites/default/files/shared/CTRPamphle...
        
         | peter303 wrote:
         | Structured transactions dont have an amount threshold. Former
         | Speaker of the House Hastert got jail for sub-threshold
         | transactions.
        
         | mikeyouse wrote:
         | It's definitely not that easy... They would be sued in Civil
         | Court for the entire amount, the Feds have a variety of options
         | for 10-year statutes that could be implicated when they
         | transfer the funds to a bank (wire fraud, mail fraud, bank
         | fraud) and they would have to pay taxes on the funds lest they
         | are implicated in tax fraud. It's hard work being a criminal.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | subpixel wrote:
       | "When she's not reverse-engineering black markets to think of
       | better ways to combat fraud and cybercrime, she enjoys rapping
       | and designing streetwear fashion."
       | 
       | My online bio need some levelling-up.
       | 
       | https://www.forbes.com/sites/heathermorgan/?sh=6e246df87f7d
        
         | latchkey wrote:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f5s4taHrEWA
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | TacticalCoder wrote:
       | So Bitfinex is worth at least $3.6bn or is it all customers BTCs?
       | 
       | Were people made whole back then? Is it some MtGox thing where
       | people who lost money back then will now have it? In BTC? Or in
       | USD at the worth of BTC back then? Or in USD at today's BTC
       | valuation?
        
       | nodesocket wrote:
       | Does this mean users who lost everything on bitfinex will be
       | contacted and could possibly recover their coins? Can you imagine
       | waking up to realize you are rich because the feds seized the
       | coins and are returning to you.
        
         | chaoz_ wrote:
         | Fascinating way to HODL to the token indeed.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | It means the BTC will re-enter market eventually , so not good
         | for longs.
        
       | counternotions wrote:
       | Wow can't wait for this book.
        
         | peter303 wrote:
         | Or the movie. Who should play Lichtenstein?
        
       | gzer0 wrote:
       | Here's how the fed caught them:
       | 
       | "The DOJ said it was able to seize the funds after an FBI search
       | warrant of one of Lichtenstein's cloud storage accounts found a
       | file containing cryptocurrency addresses and their corresponding
       | private key that granted access to funds stored within."
        
         | csomar wrote:
         | This is really surprising, given that the Bitfinex hack was
         | quite complex (unless they had inside knowledge). There are
         | several ways to hold crypto for an amount as large (hardware
         | wallet, brain wallet, pre-signed transactions, etc...)
        
         | newbie789 wrote:
        
         | kart23 wrote:
         | what the...
         | 
         | no way they just kept an unencrypted private key on the cloud.
        
           | manquer wrote:
           | This should all be taken with a big grain of salt. The
           | official story be just parallel construction to give cover to
           | say zero day hacks or other covert espionage etc.
        
           | johnmarcus wrote:
           | the file was encrypted, but the fbi hacked it after already
           | having gained access to the account (via warrent).
           | 
           | Which is to say, this isn't how they actually got cought,
           | it's just how the nail will go in the coffin (and thankfully
           | for those impacted, some funds recovered).
           | 
           | FWIW, if you ever find yourself in this position of owning a
           | large amount of stolen crypto, I believe the best way to wash
           | it would be to "robin hood it out" to a bunch of random
           | wallets. You just happen to own 10-20% of the wallets, but
           | the feds now have to try and track thousands of different
           | people over years to try and identify the true thief, and
           | there will always be plausible deniability.
        
       | joshbaptiste wrote:
       | Why would a Russian national with so much BTC to launder, who
       | hasn't touched it in 6 years suddenly perform the action from New
       | York City of all places from within the USA.
        
         | miohtama wrote:
         | It is explained in the court documents. Please read the PDF.
        
         | polynomial wrote:
         | Ilya is a Russian national? (Sorry, I hadn't sees that
         | mentioned yet.)
        
           | mikeyouse wrote:
           | Yep - dual citizen. Though via his LinkedIn, he went to at
           | least High School and College in the US.
        
         | pavel_lishin wrote:
         | I don't know why people assume that Russia is a lawless land
         | where you can just cash out billions of dollars worth of stolen
         | cryptocurrency.
         | 
         | Even if that _were_ the case, maybe they rationally decided
         | that the risk of pissing off United States federal authorities
         | was better than pissing off Russian authorities and organized
         | crime.
        
       | danso wrote:
       | The statement of facts is linked to from the press release, and
       | describes generally how the Feds were able to trace the stolen
       | funds (they found a file listing private keys, after gaining
       | access to the suspect's cloud storage)
       | https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-release/file/1470186/downl...
       | 
       | > _The 2017 transfers notwithstanding, the majority of the stolen
       | funds remained in Wallet 1CGA4s from August 2016 until January
       | 31, 2022. On January 31, 2022, law enforcement gained access to
       | Wallet 1CGA4s by decrypting a file saved to LICHTENSTEIN's cloud
       | storage account, which had been obtained pursuant to a search
       | warrant. The file contained a list of 2,000 virtual currency
       | addresses, along with corresponding private keys._
       | 
       | > ... _The connection among the VCE 1 accounts was further
       | confirmed upon reviewing a spreadsheet saved to LICHTENSTEIN's
       | cloud storage account. The spreadsheet included the log-in
       | information for accounts at various virtual currency exchanges
       | and a notation regarding the status of the accounts_
       | 
       | > ... _Lichtenstein Email 2 was held at a U.S.-based provider
       | that offered email as well as cloud storage services, among other
       | products. In 2021, agents obtained a copy of the contents of the
       | cloud storage account pursuant to a search warrant. Upon
       | reviewing the contents of the account, agents confirmed that the
       | account was used by LICHTENSTEIN. However, a significant portion
       | of the files were encrypted_
        
         | sschueller wrote:
         | A little thin on details. I wonder if they tracked down IP
         | addresses at the exchanges.
        
           | duxup wrote:
           | There was a reward offered by Bitfinex. It's possible someone
           | simply dropped a dime on these guys and after that everything
           | fell into place.
        
         | colinmhayes wrote:
         | $4 billion has got to buy an awful lot of compute time, but
         | still, how did they decrypt the file?
        
           | avrionov wrote:
           | Here is the most likely approach: https://xkcd.com/538/
        
           | fisherjeff wrote:
           | One route would probably be to start with a warrant to search
           | their house in hopes of finding some passwords written down
           | somewhere
        
             | pbhjpbhj wrote:
             | Under what premise are they getting the warrant?
             | 
             | This absolutely sounds like parallel construction.
        
           | raverbashing wrote:
           | A fancy (or even basic) dictionary attack has a very high
           | chance of working.
        
             | paulpauper wrote:
             | It doesn't unless you chose something stupid like "correct
             | horse battery staple" or "word + word + number". 7 words
             | chosen from 1000 word dictionary password encrypted AES 256
             | cannot be cracked with existing technology, 8 words
             | impossible with future tech.
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | Yeah, but at the end of the day these keys have to be
               | used by human beings so the passwords were likely
               | something practically sized and easy to use.
               | 
               | Especially since in general the likeliest failure mode
               | would be the user forgetting the password to their
               | millions of dollars worth of Bitcoin keys, followed by
               | someone attacking the password.
        
               | everybodyknows wrote:
               | Is there any "standard" 1000-word dictionary?
        
               | mrkramer wrote:
               | There is for example this
               | https://www.kaggle.com/wjburns/common-password-list-
               | rockyout...
               | 
               | But you can refer to https://hashcat.net/hashcat/
        
               | ncmncm wrote:
               | You wouldn't want to use that one.
        
               | plankers wrote:
               | bitcoin developers have taken a crack at it: https://gith
               | ub.com/bitcoin/bips/blob/master/bip-0039/bip-003...
        
               | foxyv wrote:
               | This depends on the key derivation function used. PBKDF2
               | or BCrypt with strong enough difficulty factor makes even
               | fairly short passwords difficult to crack. On the other
               | hand, a straight SHA-256 hash method can be broken
               | insanely quick with fairly long passwords.
        
             | lupire wrote:
             | $4B should buy a very, very fancy dictionary.
        
               | antihero wrote:
               | Should be able to get rainbow table with fucking octarine
               | for that money...
        
             | 14 wrote:
             | Random example but my passwords look something like
             | chOf$Tyl83fhn@54R. I keep them written down because they
             | are hard to remember. My threat model is no one. Seems so
             | amateur to use a simple password that could be brute
             | forced. Especially with so much on the line.
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | > I keep them written down because they are hard to
               | remember.
               | 
               | With the Feds involved, that would be sufficient to crack
               | the data.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >Seems so amateur to use a simple password that could be
               | brute forced. Especially with so much on the line.
               | 
               | There's selection bias going on because only dumb
               | criminals get caught, so you only hear about the dumb
               | opsec practices of those criminals. Conversely, you'll
               | never hear about the opsec practices of that professional
               | crew with perfect opsec that hacked an exchange/difi
               | contract and disappeared into thin air.
        
               | not2b wrote:
               | Until the least bright member of the crew makes a
               | mistake, gets caught, and turns in the rest. Being
               | perfect is difficult to maintain forever, though it's
               | possible in principle. It might require the thief to live
               | like a grad student even though he has billions of
               | dollars/euros worth of stolen wealth; being flashy
               | attracts attention and if nothing else, the tax
               | authorities.
        
               | openknot wrote:
               | If a person is that financially rich but still has to
               | live like a grad student, it seems like the only point of
               | that wealth is to rebel against the legal system. Even if
               | one isn't caught, there's still a loss of freedom to
               | avoid getting caught.
               | 
               | I haven't studied criminology, but I alternatively
               | suppose someone who does that just doesn't think that far
               | ahead. This likely also explains why the vast majority of
               | people with these capabilities choose to live a life in
               | accordance to their country's laws.
        
               | not2b wrote:
               | There's money laundering; have a front business and
               | gradually mix in a bit of the illegal money and pretend
               | it came from the business. That's how mobsters do it.
        
               | openknot wrote:
               | That's right; your comment brings to mind this scene
               | where the character Saul Goodman explains money
               | laundering in Breaking Bad (this clip is supposedly shown
               | as part of university lectures):
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RhsUHDJ0BFM
        
               | pbhjpbhj wrote:
               | _Minor conspiracy theory:_
               | 
               | Or, the TLA involved have some sort of crack or
               | acceleration procedure; the TLA say "the criminals were
               | dumb" because the people involved can't combat that
               | without admitting guilt, and who'd believe them. The real
               | reason is the TLA used illegal access and tools that we
               | wouldn't be happy they're using against the civilian
               | population? Oh, and the people using the tools are guilty
               | by association so they're inhibited from whistleblowing.
        
               | Gasp0de wrote:
               | https://www.useapassphrase.com/
        
               | squarefoot wrote:
               | "Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet"
               | 
               | "Approximate Crack Time: 61,103,576,810,655,170
               | centuries"
               | 
               | Yeah, sure:)
        
           | tevon wrote:
           | Is it me or should he have literally just gotten a hardware
           | wallet, transferred everything to that account, then burned
           | the old key?
           | 
           | Of course that txn would show up on-chain, but if you don't
           | have possession of the private key for the first account, and
           | no digital device has ever "seen" the hardware account then
           | he would've been fine.
           | 
           | This is assuming the key piece of evidence was his private
           | key, and he wouldn't have been prosecuted without it.
           | 
           | Additionally, putting your key in cloud storage sounds like
           | the dumbest thing ever... Just memorize your seed phrase and
           | write it down. Its 4bn for christ sake.
        
             | pshc wrote:
             | Yeah, a hardware wallet is good, although for a billion
             | dollars, 100 hardware wallets would be better. Could even
             | go so far as to split a private key into seven horcruxes
             | using Shamir's Secret Sharing and bury them in locations
             | around the world.
             | 
             | Memorizing a seed phrase leaves you vulnerable to a $5
             | wrench attack, I wouldn't recommend it.
        
               | hnburnsy wrote:
               | The famous Bitcoin family reportedly spread their
               | hardware wallets across the globe.
               | 
               | https://www.cnbc.com/2021/08/11/bitcoin-family-hides-
               | bitcoin...
        
               | rlt wrote:
               | The article suggests each location contains 100% of the
               | key, not using Shamir's Secret Sharing.
               | 
               | > Taihuttu is trying to put a crypto cold wallet on every
               | continent so it's easier to access his holdings.
               | 
               | I hope it's at least encrypted with an additional
               | passphrase, otherwise it's only as strong as the weakest
               | bank's security.
        
               | pshc wrote:
               | Wow.
               | 
               |  _> Taihuttu has two hiding spots in Europe, another two
               | in Asia, one in South America, and a sixth in Australia._
               | 
               |  _> We aren't talking buried treasure - none of the sites
               | are below ground or on a remote island - but the family
               | told CNBC the crypto stashes are hidden in different ways
               | and in a variety of locations, ranging from rental
               | apartments and friends' homes to self-storage sites._
               | 
               | I hope this is all a decoy or else it's the worst opsec
               | I've seen since about five hours ago.
        
               | GekkePrutser wrote:
               | > Memorizing a seed phrase leaves you vulnerable to a $5
               | wrench attack, I wouldn't recommend it.
               | 
               | Of course the problem is the attacker may not know what
               | method you used and resort to the $5 wrench attack anyway
               | :)
               | 
               | Not stealing $3.6B might be an even safer bet.
        
             | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
             | > Just memorize your seed phrase and write it down.
             | 
             | The article mentions he had many wallets.
        
           | trhway wrote:
           | >how did they decrypt the file?
           | 
           | keyloggers for example.
        
         | GekkePrutser wrote:
         | Wow. Such hacking prowess. Such bad opsec. Weird.
         | 
         | Ps not condoning the theft but I just find it strange that
         | people with the skills to steal this much get caught using bog
         | standard cloud storage. You'd think they could afford something
         | better ;) Something along the lines of "you don't take notes on
         | a criminal f** conspiracy" :)
        
           | DyslexicAtheist wrote:
           | _> I just find it strange that people with the skills_
           | 
           | people in Tech will yak-shave choosing the "correct" cypher.
           | Then get pwned by an implementation detail like a bug in
           | enigmail.
           | 
           | 1) Hacking, 2) opsec and 3) tradecraft are totally different
           | skills. The most dangerous people (to themselves) are the
           | ones who cover only one of 3. The more advanced among them
           | _know_ they lack in the other areas, but think they can
           | compensate going even deeper on whatever they already know.
        
           | digianarchist wrote:
           | Honestly don't know why people don't AES/GPG encrypt the keys
           | and send a message to alt.anonymous.messages.
           | 
           | That's 30+ years of storage for free.
        
           | SirYandi wrote:
           | The article mentioned they were not thought to have conducted
           | the hack itself.
        
             | GekkePrutser wrote:
             | Ah ok sorry I checked the comments only. Should have read
             | TFA sorry :)
        
         | ctvo wrote:
         | > ...Lichtenstein Email 2 was held at a U.S.-based provider
         | that offered email as well as cloud storage services, among
         | other products.
         | 
         | Reads suspiciously like Gmail. Oh no. You stored your keys
         | weakly encrypted on Google Drive?!
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | GrantZvolsky wrote:
           | It wasn't necessarily weakly encrypted. The key may have been
           | compromised, which I find more likely.
        
             | YarickR2 wrote:
             | Thermorectal cryptanalysis, for sure (relevant xkcd
             | mentions pipe wrench, though)
        
           | hobo_mark wrote:
           | Or Microsoft, but yes, indeed...
        
         | tyrfing wrote:
         | > they found a file listing private keys, after gaining access
         | to the suspect's cloud storage
         | 
         | That's backwards. It's how they wrapped it all up. The real
         | trail is pretty clearly AlphaBay 2016/2017 transactions (under
         | gov control around that timeframe), to KYC-flagged accounts at
         | an exchange, with a web of accounts with real info linked
         | together past there.
        
           | cobookman wrote:
           | If he instead started to draw NFTs, and sell it from his KYC
           | account to his dirty wallet, could he still be convicted?
           | What if only one out of every 100 NFTs his dirty wallet
           | purchased was from his KYC account?
           | 
           | Or what if he decided to create his own crypto-currency and
           | it just so happened that his dirty wallet was an early
           | investor of ETH to his fund.
           | 
           | Seems like he could have done more to distance himself.
        
             | arcticbull wrote:
             | > Seems like he could have done more to distance himself.
             | 
             | Bitcoin's public ledger makes transactions into prosecution
             | futures.
             | 
             | This is why it's such a poor choice for revolutionaries and
             | funding the marginalized. You leave a permanent indelible
             | public record in posterity that will in the course of time
             | be de-anonymized, automatically, and traced back to you.
        
               | cobookman wrote:
               | Is it illegal to sell your artwork at an auction, and a
               | criminal happens to be the one to buy it? I honestly
               | don't know.
               | 
               | is the onus on an artist or on an "auction house" to vet
               | buyers. If post sale it turns out the money was
               | fraudulent, does the artist need to pay it back?
               | 
               | In crypto terms. You the artist simply put a NFT up for
               | auction at OpenSea. You the scammer happened to purchase
               | the artwork on OpenSea. However KYC is not well enforced,
               | enabling for money laundering between the two wallets.
        
               | tablespoon wrote:
               | > If post sale it turns out the money was fraudulent,
               | does the artist need to pay it back?
               | 
               | Maybe? IIRC, if you unknowingly buy stolen property, and
               | they trace it to you, I think you have to surrender it to
               | its rightful owner (without compensation from the
               | police).
        
               | fallingknife wrote:
               | I don't think that works with money, though. I can't
               | imagine someone who sold a house to Bernie Madoff would
               | have to give up the proceeds of the sale years later when
               | he is found out to have been running a Ponzi scheme.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | They actually did claw back a bunch of the disbursements
               | from Madoff towards the end.
               | 
               | https://www.wilsonelser.com/files/repository/PHLY_Article
               | _Cl...
        
               | PeterisP wrote:
               | It's not illegal if it's a coincidence, however, that may
               | reasonably be probable cause for investigation, and if
               | the investigation finds out that it's not that the
               | criminal "just happened" to buy it but that you colluded
               | to do that, that's a felony.
        
               | eftychis wrote:
               | I mean art and other not easily evaluated assets _are_
               | used for drug trafficking and money laundering.
               | 
               | Auction houses are known to be on the trick -- that is
               | passively mainly/ they don't care and work to "pump" the
               | prices of artwork. But of course law enforcement agencies
               | know about it too.
               | 
               | It shouldn't be illegal: people should be free to buy
               | what they want. But let's not hide behind our noses.
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | It may depend on the particular country, and
               | jurisdictions on the internet are gray areas... That
               | said, in the US if you are paid with stolen money and
               | then informed of that fact then you are knowingly in
               | possession of stolen money and would have to return it.
               | If you no longer had the money (used it to pay bills,
               | live your life, etc) then it probably gets more
               | complicated.
        
             | twox2 wrote:
             | There wasn't a big NFT market until very recently.
        
             | toomuchtodo wrote:
             | > Seems like he could have done more to distance himself.
             | 
             | On a value system with an inherently public ledger that
             | eventually has to hit a fiat off ramp with KYC/AML
             | requirements? Nah. Everyone has quality opsec until they
             | don't, and the record of your criminal activity is
             | immutable and highly durable.
        
               | voldacar wrote:
               | You can just sell the bitcoin for monero, then sell the
               | monero for btc.
               | 
               | also, as time goes on, the proportion of btc that are
               | "dirty" approaches 1, so these chainalysis strategies
               | become less effective, assuming you aren't stupid enough
               | to do some criminal act then cash out at a kyc exchange
               | the next day from the same wallet
        
               | judge2020 wrote:
               | But are there any exchanges that swap btc for monero or
               | eth that don't have KYC requirements? Seems like it'd
               | need to be off-chain somewhat, unlike uniswap.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | That will only add a charge of 'money laundering' to the
             | list.
        
           | benreesman wrote:
           | I mean, for a recent example of how this works in practice:
           | Polygon got whacked for like 650MM last August, but all the
           | fiat and even stablecoin exchanges blacklisted the addresses
           | and the guy got like 5MM "bug bounty" or whatever.
           | 
           | There might be prestige in some circles for taking down some
           | dumbass Solidity coder, and some people seem to be getting
           | some money out still (e.g. Wormhole).
           | 
           | But overall I'm short Trail of Bits consulting rate.
        
             | easrng wrote:
             | Yeah, if you hack a contract you need to get the funds into
             | Tornado.Cash immediately.
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | What happens to the seized bitcoins?
        
       | onemoresoop wrote:
       | Will this make bitcoin plummet? I figure that all these stolen
       | stashes of BTC lowered the supply on the market and with these
       | new available coins it will plummet somewhat.
        
       | fxtentacle wrote:
       | Shouldn't all true crypto believers hate this news?
       | 
       | It's the government trying to enforce their opinion of who should
       | own those Bitcoins, thereby taking power away from the owner that
       | the network has decided on, which would be "whoever has the
       | cryptographic keys".
        
         | toss1 wrote:
         | >>which would be "whoever has the cryptographic keys".
         | 
         | So, crypto believers should be just fine with this.
         | 
         | They used to have the keys. Now the US Govt has the keys. The
         | one who has the keys has the power. All is good
        
         | kelseyfrog wrote:
         | As a crypto unbeliever I hate this too. Legal enforcement
         | legitimizes crypto as property. It expands the definition of
         | property by institutionally conferring the status of "owned" to
         | a functional configuration of bits distributed over thousands
         | of computers. Do we have this concept for other things? yes.
         | But I'd rather like to contract the space of property rather
         | than expand it.
        
           | JumpCrisscross wrote:
           | > _Legal enforcement legitimizes crypto as property_
           | 
           | People standing ready to buy legitimizes crypto as property.
           | I don't love crypto. But prohibition has never worked as
           | intended.
        
           | PragmaticPulp wrote:
           | > It expands the definition of property by institutionally
           | conferring the status of "owned" to a functional
           | configuration of bits distributed over thousands of
           | computers. Do we have this concept for other things?
           | 
           | Intellectual property has been a thing for a long, long time.
           | You don't literally need to have a physical thing somewhere
           | for laws to apply.
        
           | woah wrote:
           | 6000 years ago, one could have ownership over the right to
           | buy a still unborn goat at a certain price in the future.
           | It's amusing to see these modern philosophies of trying to go
           | back to a noble savage past that never was.
        
         | TTPrograms wrote:
         | Obvious no-true-scotsman. Believing that the goal of crypto is
         | to circumvent laws regarding possession and theft is at most a
         | fringe belief. The fact that this is at the top of HN
         | demonstrates how devoid of merit crypto discussion here is.
        
           | tootie wrote:
           | Not OP but I think the true Scotsman isn't that laws don't
           | apply, it's that the ledger is infallible and authoritative.
        
           | Miner49er wrote:
           | It's where bitcoin gets most of its actual utility though. It
           | doesn't have much use otherwise.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | Waterluvian wrote:
           | There isn't a worthy discussion left to be had about crypto
           | that isn't discussing its role in fraud.
        
             | capableweb wrote:
             | That's such a sad view, especially to hold in a generally
             | curious place like HN. Another example is narcotics, yes we
             | know that most narcotics usage is bad, but does that mean
             | all usage of narcotics is bad? Obviously not, and we take
             | those articles as they come, and discuss the angles each
             | article has independently, in most cases at least. But
             | somehow cryptocurrencies are so emotional for most people,
             | that they hold such a black/white view of it.
             | 
             | We can, and should discuss subjects without "tainting" them
             | with general, over-discussed points when we can, especially
             | if we want to keep HN curious and not turn into a echo-
             | chamber.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | SantalBlush wrote:
           | Circumventing property law has absolutely been a selling
           | point of crypto, front and center, since its inception. The
           | real no-true-Scotsman is saying, "Those who want an extra-
           | governmental system of property aren't the _real_ crypto
           | fans. " Yes, they are.
           | 
           | In reality, crypto's _true_ purpose is a moving target, so it
           | can never be criticized because that 's not what crypto is
           | _really_ about.
        
             | repomies69 wrote:
             | > In reality, crypto's true purpose is a moving target, so
             | it can never be criticized because that's not what crypto
             | is really about.
             | 
             | Bitcoin is a tool. Like hammer or a shotgun. You can use it
             | whatever way you want. There is no centrally defined
             | "purpose".
        
               | pavlov wrote:
               | This is the Adolf Eichmann defense. Trains are just
               | tools, and he was making them run on time.
               | 
               | Any infrastructure has a purpose. It's fair to ask why
               | Bitcoin exists and whose project it is.
        
               | lowkey wrote:
               | And it's official, Godwin's Law [0] has reached crypto.
               | The purpose of Bitcoin is of course to support the Nazi
               | cause. What other purpose could it possibly have? /s
               | 
               | Hint: Millions of people use Bitcoin as a:
               | 
               | - store of value to protect purchasing power over time
               | 
               | - inflation hedge to protect savings from the ravages of
               | inflation
               | 
               | - a hedge to protect against corrupt governments
               | manipulating currency
               | 
               | - protection from negative real interest rates
               | 
               | - censorship-resistant payments
               | 
               | - anonymous payments with instant finality (Lightning)
               | 
               | Money is a tool like any other. Cash, gold, NFTs,
               | Bitcoin, and credit cards can be used for good or evil,
               | lawful or unlawful purposes. The technology isn't
               | inherently moral or immoral. It is just a tool.
               | 
               | The "it's really for nazis" argument is particularly
               | weak. The critics must be getting desperate.
               | 
               | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godwin%27s_law
        
               | pavlov wrote:
               | This is the first time you hear "Bitcoin is for nazis"?
               | You're lucky, I guess. It's a pretty common accusation
               | because many Bitcoin advocates are also far-right and/or
               | extreme libertarian.
               | 
               | Anyway, I'm not saying that. Eichmann is simply a
               | reductio ad absurdum example of the problems with the
               | "it's just a tool / technology has no moral" position.
        
             | cft wrote:
             | Crypto is also a white supremacy tool:
             | https://www.economist.com/united-states/2022/02/05/the-
             | charm...
        
               | capableweb wrote:
               | Lots of tools that are useful for marginalized groups are
               | also useful for marginalized groups that want to spread
               | hate. Same goes for the internet. It was hard in the
               | beginning on internet mainstream (late 90s/early 00s) to
               | find any community that didn't have a bunch of racists
               | and fascists in it as well.
        
         | PragmaticPulp wrote:
         | > It's the government trying to enforce their opinion of who
         | should own those Bitcoins, thereby taking power away from the
         | owner that the network has decided on, which would be "whoever
         | has the cryptographic keys".
         | 
         | I really don't understand these arguments.
         | 
         | The law still applies whether or not you use cryptocurrency.
         | Using cryptocurrency doesn't free someone from the consequences
         | of their actions.
         | 
         | Illegal acts are still illegal acts.
        
           | initplus wrote:
           | If we have the government to weigh in on which transactions
           | are legitimate or not, why do we need a distributed ledger?
           | Cryptocurrencies are trustless, but if we can trust the
           | government to rule on ownership fairly why do we need a
           | trustless system?
        
             | Barrin92 wrote:
             | >why do we need a distributed ledger?
             | 
             | well the most obvious answer to that question is, we don't.
        
           | systemsignal wrote:
           | What makes hacking illegal?
           | 
           | What if they acquired the Bitcoin without using illegal means
           | 
           | Probably not possible in this case, but in DeFi where
           | everything is ruled by smart contracts, what would make
           | executing behavior allowed by those contracts illegal.
        
             | 323 wrote:
             | Whatever a judge decides is illegal is illegal.
        
             | sincerely wrote:
             | > What makes hacking illegal?
             | 
             | https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/18/1030
        
             | mtoner23 wrote:
             | US Law makes hacking illegal
        
             | PeterisP wrote:
             | Laws of USA and pretty much every other country reject the
             | notion that "everything is ruled by smart contracts" and
             | assert that legally, as far as their jurisdiction reaches,
             | their law is the deciding factor. Contracts have their
             | basis in contract law. You certainly can write a paper
             | contract which "allows" some illegal behavior, and
             | executing such a contract would be illegal, no matter what
             | the contract says. The same applies for a "smart" contract.
        
         | xiphias2 wrote:
         | Bitcoin is about separating money and state, but having a
         | government is still very important.
         | 
         | I'm much more worried about non crypto believers hating crypto
         | believers for getting rich while their life is getting harder
         | because of the inflation central banks are imposing on most
         | people.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | True crypto believers look at the court case to see what parts
         | of the system need to be made more resilient, if any.
         | 
         | Here its poor OPSEC, no improvement is necessary.
        
         | notch656a wrote:
         | Bitcoin never claimed it was going to put a magical fence
         | around your house stopping armed agents.
        
           | 8note wrote:
           | properly it claimed to put a fence around you after armed
           | agents have stolen from you to make sure you have no recourse
        
         | peter303 wrote:
         | Plus the first money line on the IRS 1040 this year asks if you
         | made any crypto transaction. IRS found a golden goose.
        
         | conductr wrote:
         | "True crypto believers" seems like a loaded phrase these days
         | because I feel like most crypto believers are riding it's wave
         | to legitimacy. And things like this push it further towards
         | that goal.
         | 
         | I don't see how anyone could really still believe in the
         | original ideals behind Bitcoin. They made something but not
         | what they wanted.
        
           | make_it_sure wrote:
           | Most crypto believers, believe in crypto because they have
           | money invested on it and want to get rich. If you remove that
           | variable of getting rich, very very few remain.
        
             | tradertef wrote:
             | I mostly agree. But those very very few are the ones who
             | made Bitcoin what it is and they are very influential.
        
         | graderjs wrote:
         | Not really. BTC has never been anonymous. Monero is better for
         | privacy
        
         | throw8383833jj wrote:
         | no. this is quite bullish for bitcoin. they're showing that
         | bitcoin can't be used for criminal activity, whatever the
         | government decides that should be (usually in favor of the
         | general public). this helps to legitimize bitcoin. Protecting
         | consumers of bitcoin is bullish for bitcoin. helping to prevent
         | fraud in bitcoin is also bullish for bitcoin. All these things
         | increase confidence in bitcoin as a legitimate way of storing
         | wealth.
        
           | boc wrote:
           | It sounds like all the good things for bitcoin here are
           | coming from the power of the central authority to provide
           | confidence, legitimacy, protection, and legal recourse.
           | 
           | So why on earth is that a good thing for an asset which is
           | all about the power of decentralized systems?
        
             | make_it_sure wrote:
             | You nailed it!
        
         | im3w1l wrote:
         | I have the somewhat contradictory wishes, that good people
         | should be able to hide from crooked cops, but crooked people
         | should not be able to hide from good cops. Making it somewhat
         | difficult, but not impossible to catch criminals seems to
         | strike a balance.
        
         | bobbylarrybobby wrote:
         | I'm confused. The government got the money back with perfectly
         | legitimate transaction(s) which they signed with those very
         | private keys. If the rule is "whoever has the private keys is
         | the owner", the the government was playing by the rules.
         | 
         | What crypto believers should really hate is the fact that with
         | a warrant, the government can potentially get at your private
         | keys. That'd be an interesting problem for crypto to try to
         | solve
        
         | nathias wrote:
         | how has anything changed in this sense? The owners of bitcoins
         | are always whoever has the crypto keys, that isn't an
         | imperative it's just a fact, now the fed has the keys.
        
         | algorade wrote:
         | The cryptographic keys were stored on a cloud storage device.
         | Law enforcement agencies gained access to these keys while
         | executing a search warrant and used them move the funds. So by
         | this logic, the government is now the rightful owner of these
         | funds.
        
           | brewdad wrote:
           | Correct. This is why crypto, at least in its current form,
           | must fail. In the crypto world possession is 10/10ths of the
           | law.
        
             | tenuousemphasis wrote:
             | Is the same not true for physical cash, gold, or bearer
             | bonds?
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | Seems like a win to me. The government had to physically go to
         | their house and arrest them to get to their funds, whereas
         | normally all they had to do was call up their bank and had
         | their money frozen. Not to mention, this threat could have been
         | easily mitigated by keeping your funds in a multsig wallet,
         | with the keys distributed in multiple redundant locations.
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | > Not to mention, this threat could have been easily
           | mitigated by keeping your funds in a multsig wallet, with the
           | keys distributed in multiple redundant locations.
           | 
           | And if you're released from prison and recover your Bitcoin,
           | you will be arrested again for contempt of court or a similar
           | charge.
        
             | notch656a wrote:
             | Why anyone would use BTC and not some privacy coin for this
             | kind of scenario escapes me.
        
               | robbedpeter wrote:
               | Because they stole bitcoin. Good luck finding a non
               | institutional buyer for tainted bitcoins when you're
               | dealing in billions usd. Everyone shuffling bits at that
               | level is going to play by the rules and cover their ass.
               | Even large criminal exchanges will avoid stolen bitcoin
               | in any sort of volume because it means instant scrutiny.
        
               | polynomial wrote:
               | Even large criminal exchanges outside of US jurisdiction?
               | (ie, Russia, China, etc.)
        
               | xtracto wrote:
               | If you read the original DOJ filing, they actually did
               | that. They used :
               | 
               | > anonymity-enhanced virtual currency (AEC), in a
               | practice known as "chain hopping"; and using U.S.-based
               | business accounts to legitimize their banking activity.
               | 
               | Their problem was that they "closed" the money circle by
               | sending it to real bank accounts. That's how they caught
               | their trace. It seems that laundering billions of dollars
               | is not as easy as they thought haha.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | Firmwarrior wrote:
               | Someone was saying they could have moved to South America
               | and laundered $1000 at a time, but you'd think that the
               | US government could've easily tracked that down as well..
               | "Hmm, it appears someone is living off this stolen 3
               | billion dollars in South America"
        
               | notch656a wrote:
               | How would you trace $1000 to a larger source after it
               | passes through a privacy coin? The only way to do that is
               | either with some side channel information, or by
               | monitoring the person selling the funds. In a cash
               | economy in the third world the odds of that look pretty
               | poor. I think what happened is large deposit in bank
               | account caused some to start asking questions.
        
               | bastawhiz wrote:
               | Is it practical to convert literal billions of dollars
               | between currencies? And even if you did, wouldn't
               | liquidating it so you can actually spend it on things in
               | the real world prove to be almost impossible? Billions of
               | dollars worth of currency is more than I'd expect most
               | privacy coins to deal with over the course of months.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | PKop wrote:
               | But in this case, accessing the billions in BTC was
               | impossible too, so for all intents and purposes, that
               | number wasn't real, since it wasn't usable.
               | 
               | The question is perhaps what is the most one can use and
               | how to do it. Privacy coins probably play a part in this
               | equation.
               | 
               | You maybe could slowly, and methodically convert it out
               | of the privacy coin into a spendable form when needed.
        
               | robbedpeter wrote:
               | Laundering within the constraints of a public ledger
               | isn't feasible for long periods of time or large amounts
               | of money - the only way to win that game is to be so
               | small nobody cares.
               | 
               | They could have possibly gotten cash from cartels at a
               | steep discount, but that story would probably have ended
               | with a richer cartel and two dead nerds.
        
               | notch656a wrote:
               | I always wonder how many people won this long con by
               | being so small nobody cares. The DoJ document states they
               | already succeeded in taking the funds cross chain and
               | through some privacy enhancing alternative assets. For
               | every idiot dumping millions in a bank account there's
               | got to be someone else living a "modest" but luxurious
               | life looking like a small guy nobody cares about, cashing
               | out a few hundred to a thousand at a time somewhere where
               | that kind of money is big enough to get a nice day to day
               | living but small enough to not be worth organized crime
               | taking much notice.
        
           | sschueller wrote:
           | Also crypto people have a problem with central banks
           | manipulating currency by printing more etc.
           | 
           | Having stolen coins recovered seems like an OK thing.
        
           | axiosgunnar wrote:
           | > The government had to physically go to their house and
           | arrest them to get to their funds
           | 
           | Would be the same with cash
        
           | panarky wrote:
           | It's similar to privacy and surveillance.
           | 
           | To secretly monitor a single individual's communications, law
           | enforcement should have to get probable cause, present their
           | case to a judge and obtain a court order.
           | 
           | Dragnet surveillance of all communications all the time is a
           | Very Bad Thing.
           | 
           | Financial surveillance and seizure is currently at the Very
           | Bad Thing stage and bitcoin helps move us back toward a
           | better balance between the rights of the individual and the
           | interests of the state.
        
         | robgibbons wrote:
         | Technically they were charged with conspiring to launder money,
         | completely unrelated to any mention of theft or hacking.
         | 
         | From TFA: "Court papers filed against the couple did not accuse
         | them of the hack itself; officials declined to say if the pair
         | are suspected of stealing the money."
        
           | PeterisP wrote:
           | All it says is that they don't yet have strong evidence to
           | expect a conviction on hacking charges. And it's quite likely
           | that some other people were involved in the hack itself -
           | perhaps after this arrest, they will get some new information
           | that will allow them to charge someone for the hack itself,
           | for example, out of a plea deal when one of the gang turns
           | against the others.
        
           | codespin wrote:
           | Interesting point, but if the government considered whoever
           | had control of the coins the rightful owner and not stolen,
           | would it be laundering then? It doesn't sound like a problem
           | of taxes.
        
             | austincheney wrote:
             | Laundering is any process to legitimize illicit income. It
             | does not matter who owns the coins or other assets in
             | question. What matters is if the coins represent any
             | vehicle of fund transfer that originate from any form of
             | criminal enterprise or other unreported financial activity.
        
               | vmception wrote:
               | which is why they weren't charged with actual money
               | laundering. they only got them with conspiracy which is a
               | super weak charge.
               | 
               | a money laundering charge requires an illicit origin,
               | which means it can only be a tacked on charge after
               | charging or proving someone was involved in the illegal
               | activity.
               | 
               | the government just doesn't know, they just find
               | everything this couple did to be super suspicious. they
               | clearly had control of an excessive amount of
               | cryptocurrency that they were reintegrating into the
               | economy. the government doesn't seem to know if they were
               | actually involved in the heist, or how, or to what
               | extent.
               | 
               | simply obfuscating money isn't illegal. obfuscating an
               | illicit origin is. lets see if the government can get to
               | the bottom of this "conspiracy to obfuscate money of an
               | illicit origin".
        
               | acchow wrote:
               | So they could have reported the stolen coins it as
               | income, paid taxes, and they'd be in the clear?
        
               | dvt wrote:
               | How are you arriving to this conclusion? Paying taxes on
               | illicit income does not make the income non-illicit. It
               | just makes you easier to catch.
        
               | acchow wrote:
               | I was replying under some comment thread about the the
               | government "not legitimizing" bitcoin, and thus not
               | considering "bitcoin theft" to be actual theft.
               | 
               | And thus the only crime here being tax evasion.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | lhorie wrote:
         | What is a "true crypto believer" anyways? As a matter of
         | practicality, everyone that interacts with financial assets of
         | any sort are bound to laws imposed by _some_ government.
         | Equating  "whoever has the keys" to ownership feels more or
         | less equivalent to saying "finders keepers" is a valid
         | justification for taking possession of a physical leather
         | wallet. Or "We broke up, but I fed the dog, so it's mine". Or
         | whatever.
         | 
         | A person can believe whatever they want, but when push comes to
         | shove, it's a country's court of law that ultimately determines
         | who legally owns what.
        
           | akersten wrote:
           | > A person can believe whatever they want, but when push
           | comes to shove, it's a country's court of law that ultimately
           | determines who legally owns what.
           | 
           | I think you've answered your own question - a true crypto
           | believer does not agree with that. If the smart contract says
           | the Ethereum is mine because you wrote it poorly and I called
           | the transfer money function in the right way ("exploited
           | it"), a true believer would say "yep, it's yours."
        
             | throwawayboise wrote:
             | But that's not the way real contracts work. Contracts are
             | an _agreement_ between parties. If there is later a
             | disagreement about what was agreed to, a judge sorts it
             | out.
        
               | akersten wrote:
               | I think Ethereum is silly too. But you have to realize
               | that their argument is "we'll make our own contracts, and
               | what the computer says is the absolute truth - no judges
               | or kings."
               | 
               | In that world, there is no such thing as stealing. If the
               | crypto transfered, it was _allowed to transfer_ by the
               | contract.
               | 
               | The part that "true believers" are meant to hate is that
               | now, someone on one side of the contract is grasping back
               | to Money 1.0 concepts of conceptual ownership and
               | meeting-of-the-minds type contracts. This enforcement
               | action shows that the government thinks of Ethereum et al
               | in this way too. And therefore the crypto paradise dream
               | is dead.
        
               | buran77 wrote:
               | > If there is later a disagreement about what was agreed
               | to, a judge sorts it out.
               | 
               | Only because human language leaves a lot of room for
               | interpretation. Computer output doesn't, or at the very
               | least not nearly to the same extent. If your smart
               | contract is itself legal (you are legally allowed to
               | formalize those terms), and produced an output as a
               | function of it's actual internal operation (and not a
               | random, accidental bit flip) then it should stand even in
               | front of a judge.
        
               | throwawayboise wrote:
               | I don't know what a smart contract is, but seems to me
               | that if you can convicingly argue that the function
               | output is inconsistent with what the parties agreed to,
               | it would not stand.
               | 
               | There are contract disputes all the time over what a word
               | or phrase means, and what a judge will look at is which
               | interpretation best aligns with the broad strokes of what
               | the parties were agreeing to. Nobody agrees to a contract
               | that contains "I get to void the entire agreement at my
               | discretion, keep the proceeds, and leave you with
               | nothing"
        
               | lhorie wrote:
               | > Only because human language leaves a lot of room for
               | interpretation
               | 
               | Technically no. Many things have intrinsic physical value
               | that cannot be tracked via digital contracts. If I go to
               | amazon and buy a book, but they ship the wrong book due
               | to clerical error, then there's a clear cut violation of
               | expectations with no room for conflicting
               | interpretations.
               | 
               | In the crypto world, NFTs are frequently criticized for
               | this very issue, and it doesn't even leave the digital
               | boundaries: you can prove to have ownership of a token
               | through the blockchain, but whether that token is
               | actually tied to legal ownership of an asset is anyone's
               | guess (case in point, there are various cases of people
               | selling fraudulent NFTs for art they do not own).
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | > charged with conspiracy to commit money laundering, and
       | conspiracy to defraud the United States
       | 
       | Do you think there are more charges to come?
       | 
       | If they think they _actually_ laundered money through businesses,
       | why didn 't they charge them with multiple counts of money
       | laundering and multiple counts of wire fraud and a violation of
       | the CFAA?
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | I'm actually wondering if there are serious doubts here.
         | Especially due to the weaker charges levied, and watching the
         | cringy @realrazzlekhan tiktok page where everyone also has
         | their doubts about these people's competence.
         | 
         | Darknet markets sell IDs, the DOJ also says the hackers used
         | fake IDs to reintegrate the money. This fairly welloff couple
         | (lives in Manhattan condo, owns bengal cat and jewelry) could
         | easily just be one of the IDs. Both the husband and wife are
         | early crypto proponents but that might just be circumstantial
         | to both the DOJ and the hacker who got their IDs.
         | 
         | Watching this one. Its like they got just enough of data for a
         | charge to get the subpoenas and warrants, but not enough to go
         | for the bigger more damning charges.
        
       | dannylandau wrote:
       | So, who did the hack? And why did original hacker transfer funds
       | to Lichtenstein?
        
       | facorreia wrote:
       | "This is largely symbolic, but it does send a clear message.
       | 
       | Like it or hate it, there is a sea change happening in how
       | governments treat cryptocurrency."
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29111446#29111572
        
         | drubio wrote:
         | Talk about famous last words, 3 month ago before this hammer
         | came down, wow! Wonder if it crossed his mind if this also
         | applied to his own crypto deals
        
       | albroland wrote:
       | fwiw, it appears one of the named here is a YC Alum:
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/user?id=il
       | https://www.linkedin.com/in/unrealdutch/
        
         | sokoloff wrote:
         | I love how the LinkedIn profile says "Interested in blockchain
         | technology". Ya don't say...
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | rednerrus wrote:
         | Andreessen roasting this guy all morning is making my day:
         | https://twitter.com/pmarca/status/1491150099518398466
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | Replies to his tweet are just top notch.
           | 
           | "your memes do have out-of-touch-dad-trying-to-be-cool energy
           | tho"
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | > Also, angel investor in promising startups and crypto
         | technologies.
         | 
         | Should have just become a limited partner in one of the Silicon
         | Valley PE funds, next to the Oligarchs
        
         | sydthrowaway wrote:
         | Thin red line between scamming and hustling.
        
           | optimalsolver wrote:
           | Well, yes. If you can socially engineer customer support
           | staff, you can do the same to venture capitalists.
        
             | sydthrowaway wrote:
             | Then it seems pure luck that some conniving sociopath at
             | the top can lead a company to produce useful goods.
        
               | hattmall wrote:
               | That's extremely subjective to your definition of useful.
               | Investing in the best con artist isn't exactly a bad deal
               | so long as you aren't the last mark.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | champagnois wrote:
         | If Reddit.com/r/worldnews can have Ghislaine Maxwell (of the
         | epstein case) as a moderator (u/maxwellhill) -- then
         | Ycombinator gets its own billionaire criminal.
        
           | phs318u wrote:
           | Did you mean to say Ghislaine?
        
             | champagnois wrote:
             | 100% that is what I meant to say. thanks.
        
         | zozbot234 wrote:
         | That's a nice username I guess.
        
         | outside1234 wrote:
         | Grifters go grift to grift
        
         | xapata wrote:
         | Interesting that the hack occurred in 2016, and in the same
         | year he left MixRank.
        
           | rococode wrote:
           | Makes you wonder if he left because he realized he could hack
           | $70m in Bitcoin, or he hacked $70m in Bitcoin because he had
           | left and had nothing else to do (the hack happened in August
           | and he left in May).
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | This is just unreal. this guy was living a double life of being
         | the greatest criminal ever. So among our community was a $4
         | billion hacker, just nonchalantly posting.
         | 
         | I don't think he will be commenting anytime soon again if this
         | really is him
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/threads?id=il
         | 
         | like your neighbor being a serial killer or something
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | That last comment is pretty prophetic:
           | 
           | "Like it or hate it, there is a sea change happening in how
           | governments treat cryptocurrency. "
           | 
           | Wonder how he feels about that sea change now.
        
             | anonporridge wrote:
             | Meh. Governments have long arrested cryptocurrency
             | criminals. This is hardly a sea change.
        
           | smt88 wrote:
           | I'm really amused that he is currently listed as a mentor for
           | 500 Startups. I wonder how good his advice has been?
        
             | scotty79 wrote:
             | Don't get caught.
        
               | anonporridge wrote:
               | Fake it until you're too big to shut down and then pay
               | the fine?
        
           | zozbot234 wrote:
           | He was just a million-dollar hacker, but the power of HODL
           | boosted his illicit fortune to the billion-dollar range.
        
             | trhway wrote:
             | reading a bit about him and the hack (which at some point
             | was for example blamed on those Israeli brothers with
             | connections to IDF hacking unit) i kind of not sure that he
             | is the hacker ( and note that he is charged with laundering
             | not hacking) - he in my view better fits the profile of the
             | "investor"/"fencer" whose involvement would be to launder.
             | 
             | Sidenote: one of the reasons i don't touch crypto is
             | possible laundering charge/suspicion if the tokens happens
             | to had passed through unsavory hands/situation (which may
             | be even unknown at the time) or God forbid 2-3 transactions
             | after me the tokens get involved in terrorism/etc. -
             | imagine as a minimum for example the "FBI background check"
             | hell your GC/etc. will be stuck forever ...
        
               | CrazyStat wrote:
               | > Sidenote: one of the reasons i don't touch crypto is
               | possible laundering charge/suspicion if the tokens
               | happens to had passed through unsavory hands/situation
               | 
               | A page recently posted here ([1], citing [2]) claimed
               | that there's a market for freshly mined Bitcoin (i.e.
               | with no history), with people paying as much as 20%
               | markup for it to avoid such risks.
               | 
               | I didn't make any attempt to verify this claim.
               | 
               | [1] https://sethforprivacy.com/posts/fungibility-
               | graveyard/
               | 
               | [2] https://news.bitcoin.com/industry-execs-freshly-
               | minted-virgi...
        
               | trhway wrote:
               | It still doesn't protect from possible future tainting of
               | those tokens and thus suspicion of your participation. It
               | may be even more suspicious as you would be the one who
               | bought clean coins supposedly in order to minimize
               | attention to whatever future crime the tokens may be
               | involved.
        
               | wavefunction wrote:
               | or actually it is money launderers looking for tokens
               | with no previous history they can use to evade some % of
               | future scrutiny
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | mistrial9 wrote:
           | omg - murder really?
        
           | dcist wrote:
           | I noticed both on twitter and his HN posts, there's a big gap
           | between 2015 and 2019.
        
             | 0xFreebie wrote:
             | il on May 15, 2013
             | 
             | >As the anarchists and idealists on HN will soon learn, the
             | decentralized nature of Bitcoin won't make a difference if
             | anyone transmitting it is in violation of federal law.
             | 
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=5714963
             | 
             | Did he change his mind?
        
               | wonnage wrote:
               | Sounds like he knew this all along but didn't care
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | There's some irony his most recent post on this timeline
               | being "there is a sea change happening in how governments
               | treat cryptocurrency" too. That's certainly true for him.
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | Always keep posting to avoid suspicion.
        
           | bostonsre wrote:
           | I don't understand why he wouldn't move to somewhere that
           | doesn't have an extradition policy with the US. If you go
           | down that path, it seems like you should probably be willing
           | to abandon your life. It's the same with Ross Ulbricht, seems
           | like it would be terrifying living with that sword of
           | damocles hanging over your head absolutely constantly.
        
             | djanogo wrote:
             | If he goes somewhere which doesn't have extradition, FED's
             | will just call him and tell him they will go public that he
             | has $4B bitcoin and ALL criminals will be hunting them
             | after that.
        
               | gjs278 wrote:
        
               | alasdair_ wrote:
               | $4Bn can buy some pretty good fake identities.
        
               | Server6 wrote:
               | You pay them off?
        
               | cgriswald wrote:
               | I'm not certain I understand. There are billionaires in
               | the world already. How do they protect themselves from
               | criminals?
               | 
               | Granted, their billions aren't in cash. However, once he
               | fled the country he could immediately start converting
               | his position to other assets that aren't so easily
               | stolen. He'd also be able to afford to hide himself, pay
               | taxes and bribes, and pay for some security.
        
               | mh- wrote:
               | Most billionaires aren't in the countries that lack
               | extradition treaties. The few that are can be assumed to
               | be paying steeply for protection, in both senses of the
               | word.
        
             | fhood wrote:
             | That requires that you did something that you are very sure
             | the country you end up in won't just prosecute you for
             | themselves. If your crime is massively embarrassing to the
             | US govt you go to Russia, or heinous sexual assault of a
             | 13yo, France. But I think most of the usual culprits in
             | this case would just prosecute you.
        
             | 35fbe7d3d5b9 wrote:
             | Humans notoriously overestimate their competence and
             | underestimate dangers they face. Combine that with a
             | federal investigation that's going to be slow because 1)
             | it's complex and 2) the feds will happily investigate you
             | for _years_ if it increases their chance of a conviction,
             | and you 've got a recipe for people who think they got away
             | with it right up until the moment of arrest.
        
               | dillondoyle wrote:
               | and underestimate the competence of governments/law
               | enforcement.
        
               | 300bps wrote:
               | I think it's more underestimating the attention span of
               | governments/law enforcement.
               | 
               | When someone steals your bike, the cops could spend weeks
               | investigating, interviewing witnesses, searching
               | Craiglist, Facebook Marketplace, staking out the
               | neighborhood for anyone riding the stolen bike, etc.
               | 
               | But they don't, because it's a bike. But steal $3.6
               | billion, you'll hold their attention for a bit!
        
               | brightball wrote:
               | Yea, listening to enough stories on Darknet Diaries about
               | how people get caught it's pretty crazy. Honestly makes
               | working in the groups that catch people like this sound
               | very interesting.
        
               | yupper32 wrote:
               | I imagine it's very very very boring for a while, with
               | relatively brief moments of satisfaction.
        
               | baq wrote:
               | Sounds like the usual $DAYJOB for basically everybody
               | here
        
             | csmajorfive wrote:
             | I find it especially baffling considering he has Russian
             | citizenship.
        
             | aeturnum wrote:
             | The work of preparing to leave the country is necessarily
             | public in a way that doing crypto stuff might not be. I
             | suspect they were worried that preparing to leave the
             | country would tip their hand - and they could have been
             | caught earlier if they tried it. It just turns out they
             | were caught anyway.
        
               | thebean11 wrote:
               | Hmm what work is that? Getting a visa? With that much
               | cash I'd leave first (on a tourist visa) and figure the
               | rest out later..
        
               | bostonsre wrote:
               | Yea, maybe bring your cat or dog but literally pack like
               | you're going on vacation. If they arrest you before
               | leaving the country then you were screwed already.
        
               | markdown wrote:
               | Americans don't need to apply for a Visa to visit most of
               | the world. They just get one automatically on arrival.
               | 
               | They could have just bought a Vanuatu passport with
               | bitcoin (~$150k), then travelled there for a holiday.
               | Leave the US with the US passport and arrive in Van with
               | the Van passport. CHange their name in Vanuatu, then move
               | to a 3rd country to settle permanently with a new name.
               | Maybe change it one more time and gain citizenship in
               | that third country, and that'd be enough to disappear for
               | regular people.
               | 
               | The spooks will still find you, but without extradition
               | powers...
        
               | johntb86 wrote:
               | Once the spooks find you you'd need to be very careful to
               | avoid flights in or near the airspace of countries
               | friendly to the US.
        
               | jessaustin wrote:
               | ...they'll wait until you get drunk (i.e. roofied) at a
               | bar, then kidnap and torture you until you give them all
               | your money. The "red" budget is even more fun than the
               | black budget. Choosing to defy the state is choosing to
               | defend oneself forever against the creepy-crawlies the
               | state pays to notice such defiance.
        
             | Mizza wrote:
             | I wish people would stop saying 'non extradition country'
             | like that's a real thing.
             | 
             | Brokep moved to Cambodia for that reason. They still got
             | him anyway. If the powers want you, they can find away to
             | get you. The only options I can imagine are publicly
             | embarrassing the US government to the delight of Vladimir
             | Putin or making a very large donation to the Cuban
             | government.
        
         | ttyp3 wrote:
         | "Founder of Endpass - a blockchain startup solving problems in
         | decentralized identity and authentication"
        
         | spyder wrote:
         | Heh... He has some comments on "Feds reveal the search warrant
         | used to seize Mt. Gox account " in 2013:
         | 
         |  _As the anarchists and idealists on HN will soon learn, the
         | decentralized nature of Bitcoin won 't make a difference if
         | anyone transmitting it is in violation of federal law._
         | 
         | * This was inevitable. People can wax rhapsodic about the
         | decentralized nature of Bitcoin, but once the feds freeze a few
         | million dollars of a major exchange's assets, as they have done
         | with every single anonymous digital currency since the
         | beginning of time (e-gold,1mdc,Liberty Dollar) and launch a
         | criminal investigation, the currency will be severely
         | destabilized. Within the next year I expect to see a cottage
         | industry emerge where the true believers cash out frozen
         | bitcoin accounts for pennies on the dollar.*
         | 
         | and a few other:
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/threads?id=il&next=5714990
        
         | tiffanyh wrote:
         | Let's be fair to these individuals and not presume guilt.
         | 
         | In the US, it's "innocent until proven guilty".
         | 
         | Media is so quick to assume the person is guilty just because
         | of an allegation.
        
           | evdubs wrote:
           | Heather Morgan admitted to the hack on TikTok
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/BillSPACman/status/1491131214014869505
           | 
           | Edit: whoops. That video is fake. It's from
           | 
           | https://www.tiktok.com/@realrazzlekhan/video/690851478968159.
           | ..
        
           | grumple wrote:
           | The federal government has a ridiculously high conviction
           | rate: 99.96% [1]. They basically only bring the case if they
           | have everything they need to convict.
           | 
           | 1. https://www.bhlawfirm.com/blog/2021/05/the-federal-
           | convictio....
        
             | tnorthcutt wrote:
             | What portion of those convictions are plea bargains?
             | 
             | This article says 97%:
             | https://www.nbcnews.com/think/opinion/prisons-are-packed-
             | bec...
             | 
             |  _Why are people so eager to confess their guilt instead of
             | challenging the government to prove their guilt beyond a
             | reasonable doubt to the satisfaction of a unanimous jury?_
             | 
             |  _The answer is simple and stark: They're being coerced._
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | This is a pretty silly argument. I'm not opining on
               | whether or not prosecutions are coercive; I'm certain
               | they are. But a lower conviction rate would be a _bad_
               | thing: it would mean the DOJ was bringing more cases they
               | weren 't certain they would win, and even exoneration
               | comes with immense costs to the accused.
        
               | tnorthcutt wrote:
               | I wasn't replying to a claim that a high conviction rate
               | is a good thing (or better than a lower one).
               | 
               | I was replying to a claim that a high conviction rate
               | somehow suggests we should dispense with the idea that,
               | as a society, we should not presume guilt.
               | 
               | grumple, who I replied to, seemed to me to be suggesting
               | that because the federal government has a high conviction
               | rate, we should assume the accused are guilty.
               | 
               | I'm suggesting that because there is compelling evidence
               | that many guilty verdicts are obtained through coercion,
               | we should not make that assumption.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | Nobody is suggesting we presume guilt. The suggestion is
               | that we're not required to defer opinions about guilt
               | until after a jury trial, which is sensible.
        
               | sdenton4 wrote:
               | The argument around plea bargains is pretty simple. You
               | have someone over a barrel: "Take the deal and go to
               | prison for two or five years, or take a risk on a trial
               | where you'll be put away for life. And btw, our
               | conviction rate is 99.96%."
               | 
               | You'd be crazy not to take the deal, even if you're
               | innocent. Thus, the conviction rate doesn't actually tell
               | us much about how strong the federal cases actually are.
        
               | tptacek wrote:
               | That's not the structure of most plea bargains ("2 years
               | vs. life") but more importantly, you don't have enough
               | information in that hypothetical to determine how fair
               | the system is, because you're not accounting for how
               | liberally federal prosecutors bring cases. If they tend
               | only to bring cases when they have overwhelming evidence
               | --- which is the rap on federal prosecutors (not so much
               | state) --- then you get the same outcome simply by dint
               | of most people in plea negotiations being guilty. A good
               | reason not to take a case to trial is your knowledge that
               | you'll be destroyed at trial.
        
               | nobody9999 wrote:
               | >A good reason not to take a case to trial is your
               | knowledge that you'll be destroyed at trial.
               | 
               | Another good reason not to take a case to trial is
               | potentially spending _years_ in pre-trial detention,
               | destroying your life -- losing your house, your kids,
               | your job and anything else that requires your presence
               | outside of a detention facility.
               | 
               | Which is why so many cases end up as plea bargains -- get
               | sentenced to "time served" for a lesser offense and then
               | try to pick up the pieces of your shattered life, or
               | fight (assuming you have the money/resources to do so)
               | and potentially never get the chance to pick up those
               | pieces.
               | 
               | So yes, the system is quite coercive.
               | 
               | Let's say for the sake of argument that the DoJ (or state
               | prosecutors) determine (by whatever means) that tptacek
               | has committed criminal acts.
               | 
               | You are arrested, arraigned and bail is either denied or
               | set high enough that you can't afford to pay.
               | 
               | How long could you sit in jail before you lose your job,
               | your house, possibly your spouse and your kids and
               | anything else important to you?
               | 
               | It could be _years_ before a trial. And given that most
               | folks can 't afford an unexpected $500 expense, sitting
               | in jail waiting to be tried isn't all that unusual.
               | 
               | Given those circumstances, how long could _you_ sit in
               | jail awaiting trial before your life is a complete
               | shambles? Given the make up of folks here on HN, I 'd
               | expect that you may well be able to last longer than
               | most.
               | 
               | High bail and pre-trial detention are absolutely used as
               | cudgels that attempt to force even the innocent to accept
               | plea agreements. Especially when indictments tend to
               | include a lot of overcharging -- another cudgel to force
               | a plea agreement.
               | 
               | Which is why I don't believe that plea agreements should
               | be used _at all_. But that 's a much larger discussion
               | and beyond the scope of this comment.
        
             | yucky wrote:
             | Even your local circuit court probably has a 95%+
             | conviction rate. If you're innocent of a charge that
             | carries 20 years and your attorney says you have 50/50 shot
             | at trial of winning, or you can plea guilty and take
             | probation what do you do?
             | 
             | Most people take it, and now they have a record. Any future
             | fuck ups (guilty or not) and you're looking at real jail
             | time.
        
           | dcist wrote:
           | check out the affidavit accompanying the criminal complaint:
           | https://www.justice.gov/opa/press-
           | release/file/1470186/downl...
           | 
           | yes, they're legally presumed innocent but they have a LOT of
           | 'splaining to do.
        
             | paulpauper wrote:
             | feds seldom lose, 98+% conviction rate
        
           | parineum wrote:
           | For non-high profile investigations (investigations that were
           | not in the media before charges), announcing charges
           | typically has a large body of evidence and a lot of
           | confidence in the accusation.
           | 
           | Of course innocent until proven guilty applies but the
           | justice department knows that and still brought charges. At
           | the very least, they believe they've proven beyond a
           | reasonable doubt his guilt.
           | 
           | High profile cases with public pressure change the equation a
           | bit and can cause charges to be brought on people who
           | normally would not. I suspect this is a way to pass the buck
           | to the courts when the person eventually gets off due to lack
           | of evidence.
        
             | nobody9999 wrote:
             | >Of course innocent until proven guilty applies but the
             | justice department knows that and still brought charges. At
             | the very least, they believe they've proven beyond a
             | reasonable doubt his guilt.
             | 
             | It's a bit of a nitpick, but the Justice Department (DoJ)
             | hasn't _proven_ anything.
             | 
             | The defendants in question have been charged (and
             | arrested?), but no trial (or plea bargain) has been held.
             | As such, presumably the DoJ has what they believe is
             | sufficient evidence to convict the defendants on the
             | charges brought against them.
             | 
             | However, until a trial (or a plea agreement) is concluded,
             | the DoJ hasn't "proven" anything. Rather, they brought
             | charges against some folks. That's not "proven beyond a
             | reasonable doubt," that's making accusations and bringing
             | the case into the court system.
             | 
             | What the DoJ _believes_ (and /or believes it can _prove_ )
             | is not proof in and of itself.
        
               | parineum wrote:
               | I mean that they have proven it to themselves, I don't
               | mean it in a legal sense.
        
               | nobody9999 wrote:
               | > I mean that they have proven it to themselves, I don't
               | mean it in a legal sense.
               | 
               | A fair point. And it's likely you're correct.
               | 
               | Although using the term 'prove' has specific _legal_
               | meaning that many (myself included) folks would associate
               | with the use of that term.
               | 
               | As I said, there's what you _believe_ and what you can
               | _prove_. Believing you can prove something may be well
               | founded, but at least in the US _nothing_ is actually
               | "proven" until it has been adjudicated -- and even then
               | contrary decisions (e.g., in an appeal) can "un-prove"
               | stuff.
        
               | parineum wrote:
               | The whole quote from me was, "...they believe they've
               | proven".
               | 
               | Perhaps a better phrasing would be "believe they can
               | prove".
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > Of course innocent until proven guilty applies but the
             | justice department knows that and still brought charges. At
             | the very least, they believe they've proven beyond a
             | reasonable doubt his guilt.
             | 
             | No, if following general DoJ policy, they believe that the
             | evidence is sufficient that they _will be able to prove_
             | the charges beyond a reasonable doubt, but that 's not the
             | same as them already having proven that.
             | 
             | > High profile cases with public pressure change the
             | equation a bit and can cause charges to be brought on
             | people who normally would not.
             | 
             | Usually, I think the opposite is the case: generally, the
             | DoJ is more careful in high-profile cases, not more
             | cavalier.
        
               | parineum wrote:
               | > Usually, I think the opposite is the case: generally,
               | the DoJ is more careful in high-profile cases, not more
               | cavalier.
               | 
               | I'm not sure Rittenhouse would have been charged at all
               | and, based on how the trial went and how weak the
               | evidence was, he should have, at best, been charged with
               | something much more minor. But that's just one example.
               | 
               | I somewhat agree with you, they are more careful but I
               | think they are more careful in their own process. To make
               | sure their ducks are all in a row. But, when it comes to
               | actually pressing charges or agreeing to plea deals, I
               | think they are much more likely to overcharge or not
               | negotiate so that the case is no longer on their desk and
               | they can say "I did my part".
               | 
               | To use the Rittenhouse example, I think the public
               | expectations of charges impacted the charges because the
               | ones bringing charges are often elected officials (or
               | appointed by them) so there's an incentive to not look at
               | what can be proven with the evidence and instead charge
               | with what the public thinks is "right". The incentive for
               | an elected official is to appease the public with
               | charges, convictions be damned because that's someone
               | else's problem. That's how Rittenhouse's case played out
               | too. Outside of conservative media, there was a lot of
               | attention paid to the judge and the lawyers not being
               | able to prove their case rather than floating the idea
               | that maybe a lesser charge and a conviction was the right
               | thing to do.
               | 
               | On the other hand, I think you saw the same course of
               | events with the George Floyd case but with a different
               | result. The investigation was drawn out and meticulous
               | and charges were brought. That resulted in a conviction
               | but the implication I'm making is that those charges
               | would have been brought regardless of evidence because of
               | the public nature of the case.
        
           | wonnage wrote:
           | People are still free to have opinions on the case. The
           | purpose of this legal principle is to put the burden of proof
           | on the prosecution, i.e the government can't simply blame you
           | for a crime and force you to dig up evidence of innocence.
           | 
           | People can disagree even if you're found innocent at trial...
           | just look at OJ's case. The government isn't going to
           | prosecute him again, but "OJ did it" is gonna dog him for the
           | rest of his life.
        
           | d23 wrote:
           | That's the standard for our criminal justice system, not for
           | us as individuals. It sounds from the release that the
           | justice department has a boatload of compelling evidence
           | against them.
        
             | tiffanyh wrote:
             | > "It sounds from the release that the justice department
             | has a boatload of compelling evidence against them."
             | 
             | You'd hope that before someone is arrested, the prosecutor
             | has ample evidence to prove guilt.
             | 
             | I don't understand your point.
             | 
             | These individuals have not been proven guilty yet. Why are
             | you editorializing their _presumed_ guilt in this matter.
             | 
             | Note: I have no affiliation with these individuals nor
             | case.
        
               | lordnacho wrote:
               | He's saying that _the law_ presumes innocence until
               | proven guilty. They don 't throw you in jail or take your
               | money until the legal process reaches a judgement, and
               | this is pretty normal and uncontroversial.
               | 
               | But you don't have to keep going for drinks with a person
               | who's just been arrested and let out on bail, you can
               | make up your own opinion as you feel. You can say bad
               | things about him before the judge does, you can deny them
               | business opportunities, your kids don't have to play with
               | his kids.
        
               | nobrains wrote:
               | Disagree. You can make your opinion and you can take your
               | precautions. But unless you were not directly harmed you
               | should not "say bad things about them", as you put it,
               | just because they are a suspect in a case.
        
               | nobody9999 wrote:
               | >Disagree. You can make your opinion and you can take
               | your precautions. But unless you were not directly harmed
               | you should not "say bad things about them", as you put
               | it, just because they are a suspect in a case.
               | 
               | I'm not sure I understand what you mean. Regardless of
               | whether you "were not directly harmed" I don't see why
               | someone should or shouldn't "say bad things about them."
               | 
               | Why shouldn't I express my opinion? Or are we in "If you
               | don't have anything nice to say, don't say anything at
               | all" territory?
               | 
               | I may be misunderstanding your point. If so, please do
               | correct me. If not, I don't see why I (or anyone else)
               | shouldn't express their opinion WRT _anything_.
               | 
               | What value that opinion may have can certainly be
               | debated, but why should someone _not_ express their
               | opinion?
        
               | mardifoufs wrote:
               | But you are not going by any other evidence than what the
               | prosecution is showing here. Unless you have an insider
               | perspective or were close enough to those involved, you
               | don't really have anything to go by in judging their
               | guilt than what the prosecution wants to show (and they
               | will obviously be extremely biaised, that's the point!).
               | So by de facto believing the prosecution, you aren't
               | really doing anything else than assuming guilt.
               | 
               | You can obviously do that, but it makes little sense to
               | do so when the system has been built around _not taking
               | what the prosecution says at face value or as a source of
               | truth_. The job of the prosecution is not to show the
               | facts, it 's to prosecute. Yes you don't have to go by
               | the standards of the judicial system & presume innocence
               | here, but why then use the prosecution's case when it
               | only makes sense in the context of how our judicial
               | system works?
        
               | lordnacho wrote:
               | > But you are not going by any other evidence than what
               | the prosecution is showing here.
               | 
               | I haven't mentioned either the prosecution or the
               | defense.
               | 
               | The defense makes noises too, and you are welcome to make
               | your own mix of whatever you like.
               | 
               | But to repeat the point, you are under no obligation, it
               | is the official system that is.
        
               | melenaboija wrote:
               | > You can say bad things about him before the judge does
               | 
               | Yup, I don't understand how people is not used yet to
               | public trials at social networks
        
               | RHSeeger wrote:
               | And plenty of innocent people have had their lives ruined
               | because of exactly this behavior.
        
               | giarc wrote:
               | I think the commentor is stating that you and I have no
               | reason to presume innocence until proven guilty. We can
               | make up our own opinion. However, the judicial system has
               | to assume innocence so the defendant can get a fair
               | trial.
        
               | dhsysusbsjsi wrote:
               | But not so much that they let them go. Quite often there
               | is a very fast hearing within 1-2 weeks where a Judge
               | decides to lock them up for 2 years without parole
               | awaiting trial, because it's pretty damn clear they're
               | probably guilty - enough initial evidence not to let them
               | back out into society at least.
        
               | hellomyguys wrote:
               | It's pretty normal for people to look at the evidence and
               | be able to decide if someone was guilty or not.
               | 
               | If someone is on video shooting someone, it is a bit
               | silly to say "Why are you editorializing their presumed
               | guilt in this matter."
        
               | dazilcher wrote:
               | Kyle Rittenhouse would like a word with you.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
               | My experience was that people did not look at the
               | evidence- they jumped to a conclusion.
        
               | ryan_lane wrote:
               | Yeah, because if you happen to look at the evidence, the
               | fact is that he took a gun across state lines, to
               | "protect people's property" at a protest, and he ended up
               | killing people, it would be pretty easy to come to the
               | conclusion that he's guilty of at least manslaughter. Of
               | course, he was charged with murder, and that's harder to
               | prove. The fact that he was found not guilty doesn't mean
               | he's innocent. It means he's not guilty of the crime they
               | were prosecuting him for.
               | 
               | He's not someone I'd hire for anything, he's not someone
               | I'd want my friends and family around. He's not someone
               | I'd want attending any protest I was attending. He's not
               | a good person, and he's a clear and present danger to
               | society. These are the decisions that I, as an
               | individual, am free to make because I'm not the
               | government, and I don't have to abide by "innocent until
               | proven guilty" for how I personally judge people.
        
               | ahallock wrote:
               | You just proved the parent's point.
        
               | kingcharles wrote:
               | Grand juries indict in >99% of cases. It's just a rubber-
               | stamp. The grand jury only hears the prosecutor's side.
               | They can say pretty much anything. Please find me a case
               | where a prosecutor or LEO was charged with perjury for
               | lying to a grand jury.
               | 
               | I've been indicted twice and both times the grand jury
               | transcripts were just lies.
               | 
               | In fact, I got someone released after 16 months in jail
               | on a burglary charge because their grand jury was lies.
               | The story the cop told was a complete fabrication.
        
             | mardifoufs wrote:
             | There's a _reason_ why the criminal justice system operates
             | like that though. The system has been designed like that
             | because it turned that it is a very good idea not to go on
             | witch hunts or to assume guilt if you want a functional
             | society. I 'm not defending the person involved here, but
             | it's important to remember that the presumption of
             | innocence isn't just an abstract legal concept instead of a
             | very important part of the social contract.
        
               | NationalPark wrote:
               | Surely the important distinction here is that the state
               | has the power to imprison or execute people. In our day
               | to day lives, we frequently make decisions based on
               | things not proved to that standard, such as in job
               | interviews or on dates. Presumption of innocence is very
               | much an abstract legal contrivance, though it's
               | insightful to see in what cases people suddenly decide it
               | needs to be applied outside that realm.
        
               | ska wrote:
               | > he presumption of innocence isn't just an abstract
               | legal concept instead of a very important part of the
               | social contract.
               | 
               | I don't think this is in practice true, as a matter of
               | fact rather than an ideal. People don't, in general,
               | behave the same with other people who are currently being
               | prosecuted for a crime.
               | 
               | This certainly doesn't mean (most) people support
               | vigilantism or witch hunts, or even that you assume
               | guilt. However it seems clear the vast majority of people
               | are fine with the idea that you might be "careful" with
               | someone who is suspected of a crime, especially one being
               | actively prosecuted. To the degree that many will claim
               | they have a _right_ to know this is happening, i.e. they
               | will argue that news should be carried on this (although
               | perhaps no editorializing). This absolutely is not the
               | same as presumption of innocence.
               | 
               | Sometimes this is very unfair, obviously. But "the social
               | contract" as it is practised seems to be pretty ok with
               | that.
        
               | yupper32 wrote:
               | I could literally watch someone pick up a gun and shoot
               | someone. Technically they're still innocent until a court
               | of law says they're guilty. But as an individual I don't
               | need to wait to think they're guilty.
               | 
               | The question is where do you draw the line as an
               | individual.
        
               | smnrchrds wrote:
               | Do you think it is wrong for a person to believe OJ was
               | guilty of the murder he was accused of? If a person
               | decides to keep their distance from their new neighbour
               | OJ and not treat them with neighbourly kindness and open
               | arms because of that murder, would you admonish them for
               | treating OJ differently for something he was never found
               | guilty of in the court of law?
        
               | aeturnum wrote:
               | It's not wrong for _a person_ to believe anything and act
               | accordingly. It 's not even wrong to argue that we should
               | not describe the accused as innocent (as long as you
               | acknowledge what the official approach suggests before
               | ignoring it). We are all morally free to treat OJ however
               | we like (and everyone else is morally able to judge us
               | for it).
               | 
               | What is wrong is for media organizations (which can be as
               | small as independent reporters) to break expected
               | traditions w/o acknowledging it. It suggests that this
               | case is different (and again, it _might be different_ )
               | implicitly, which isn't ethical. You should either work
               | within the prevailing assumptions of the system, or
               | explicitly defy them in a principled maner.
        
               | mardifoufs wrote:
               | No, because in the case of OJ we have more than just what
               | the prosecution (in this case, the DoJ) accused him of
               | doing. My point isn't that you can't make your own
               | judgment or that only court decisions are valid source
               | sources of truth. What I'm saying here is that any
               | opinion/analysis we can make at this stage are basically
               | entirely based on the prosecution, since we don't have
               | any other facts to go by.
               | 
               | Unless you already knew the people involved or we have
               | some third party sources, we are basically just believing
               | the side that only has 1 goal; showing how guilty the
               | people they prosecute are. How could that mean anything
               | else but assuming guilt?
               | 
               | (And honestly I think that personal feelings towards a
               | person are very often good enough to make a personal
               | judgment on guilt, but we don't even have that here! I'd
               | bet most of us never heard of them before today)
        
               | a_e_k wrote:
               | This is why I like the Scottish "not proven" acquittal
               | verdict as an intermediate third option between "not
               | guilty" and "guilty."
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Not_proven
        
           | mannykannot wrote:
           | There is what appears to be a rather amusing side-effect of
           | this principle:
           | 
           | "The arrests today show that we will take a firm stand
           | against those who _allegedly_ try to use virtual currencies
           | for criminal purposes." - Assistant Attorney General Kenneth
           | A. Polite Jr. [My emphasis.]
           | 
           | There's no reason for the Justice Dept. not to take a firm
           | stand against those who try to use virtual currencies for
           | criminal purposes, or say that they are doing so - and, in
           | fact, that would be rather better than taking a firm stand
           | against those who have merely been accused of doing so. I
           | guess that 'allegedly' was inserted here in order to
           | forestall a claim that this statement deprived the defendants
           | in this case of due process, if or when it comes to trial.
        
             | nobody9999 wrote:
             | >I guess that 'allegedly' was inserted here in order to
             | forestall a claim that this statement deprived the
             | defendants in this case of due process, if or when it comes
             | to trial.
             | 
             | Actually, the 'allegedly' bit was inserted because the
             | defendants in this case are _alleged_ to have committed
             | some criminal act(s). They have not been _proven_ (whether
             | via a trial or a plea agreement) to have done so.
             | 
             | The defendants may well be "guilty," or they may not.
             | That's what the legal process (as flawed as it may be) is
             | constituted to determine.
             | 
             | Forming an opinion at to whether or not _anyone_ has
             | committed an illegal act(s) is perfectly normal and
             | reasonable. However, unless you 're a member of a jury in a
             | trial, your opinion generally won't affect the outcome.
             | 
             | All that said, defendants are "alleged" to have committed
             | criminal act(s) until the case has been adjudicated,
             | whether that be by trial or plea agreement.
             | 
             | N.B.: IANAL.
        
               | mannykannot wrote:
               | I think you are missing the point here - the quoted
               | statement is not referring to these defendants in
               | particular, it is referring to those who try to use
               | virtual currencies for criminal purposes in general - yet
               | the language appropriate for referring to specific
               | defendants creeps in here, presumably out of concern that
               | some people cannot tell the difference.
               | 
               | When a crime has been committed, it was not _allegedly_
               | done by a person or persons unknown, it was _actually_
               | done by whoever they were. One of the jobs of the justice
               | department is to catch criminals, not _alleged_
               | criminals.
        
           | cgriswald wrote:
           | The person you are responding to does not seem to have taken
           | a position on the guilt or innocence of these individuals and
           | has only noted an affiliation.
        
           | stjohnswarts wrote:
           | It's the feds not some southern yokel state attorney. We're
           | just going with the odds. No one here is saying throw them in
           | prison without a trial.
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | Not a a lone Russian hacker, but American citizens..a husband and
       | wife couple. crazy.
        
         | dcist wrote:
         | the husband is Russian-American
        
       | nathias wrote:
       | should have used monero
        
       | emerged wrote:
       | This is the type of hack you need to be both smart enough and
       | dumb enough to commit.
        
       | dracodoc wrote:
       | Page 15 of statement_of_facts The only other significant deposit
       | to the account was an approximately $11,000 U.S. Small Business
       | Administration Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loan advance
       | provided in response to the COVID-19 crisis.
       | 
       | So they also applied for PPP.
        
       | rasz wrote:
       | "Today Ilya Lichtenstein is the co-founder of the Y Combinator
       | backed Mix Rank,"
       | 
       | One of the first Google results for the names returns 'Get your
       | first $1 million in enterprise sales with zero marketing spend'
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DuIr5IFQ9Xg
       | 
       | Heather R Morgan
       | 
       | Serial entrepreneur SaaS Investor Razzlekhan = Surrealist Artist,
       | Rapper & Fashion Designer with synesthesia Also Forbes writer
       | 
       | https://www.inc.com/heather-r-morgan/dont-hire-a-salesperson...
       | 
       | "As I build a sales team for my latest software startup, Endpass"
       | 
       | Endpass "Bringing you the delightful and secure Ethereum wallet
       | that's easy enough for grandma to use."
       | 
       | Wait, so did Feds nab them for running Ethereum wallet startup
       | and claim $3B in client wallets as theirs? Or did the pair start
       | Ethereum wallet company to wash stolen coints?
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | Did Mix Rank take bitcon?
        
         | gk1 wrote:
         | I met Heather many years ago. It's a weird feeling to see a
         | name you recognize in an announcement like this. We've lost
         | touch long since so I have no comment.
        
           | capableweb wrote:
           | > We've lost touch long since so I have no comment
           | 
           | But felt it was important enough to state that you know her?
           | I'm not sure what your comment is supposed to be.
        
             | zkldi wrote:
             | jeez man, not every comment has to be a profound statement.
             | I thought it was pretty interesting.
        
               | frontman1988 wrote:
               | It's good to add some value with your comment though. You
               | can talk about how she was as a person or some other
               | interesting anecdote
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ordinaryradical wrote:
         | Were they married at the time of this interview?
        
       | dorlevi wrote:
       | "How to Social Engineer Your Way Into Anything -- Heather R.
       | Morgan | NYC Salon 101 " : https://youtu.be/JmahJCWJ8iM?t=1572
       | 
       | Heather Morgan explaining how you can social engineer yourself
       | out of a bad situation, can't make this shit up.
        
       | d--b wrote:
       | That's 3 times bigger than El Chapo's fortune. And it's still
       | missing 900 millions!
        
       | shiado wrote:
       | It never ceases to amaze me how incompetent some high profile
       | criminals are. Encrypting a file is simply too difficult
       | apparently. The entire purpose of crypto is that the exclusive
       | holder of a private key cannot have funds seized. A 15 year old
       | kid probably has better opsec with their crypto wallets than
       | these people. Astonishing really.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | yeah I've never seen a crypto investigation that made me
         | impressed with the government's abilities, nothing that
         | surprised me about the utility of OPSEC best practices, only
         | people with weak links and dumb behaviors that are incompatible
         | with doing something criminal.
        
           | from wrote:
           | You're not serious, right? You clearly haven't seen some of
           | the latest unlicensed money transmitter prosecutions. The
           | resourceful agents over at HSI have come up with an
           | incredibly effective method of stopping crime in the Bitcoin
           | network. It looks something like:
           | 
           | CS1: "I would like to exchange these dollars which I
           | represent to be the proceeds of the sale of controlled
           | substances in violation of the Controlled Substances Act for
           | Bitcoin." Localbitcoins trader: "OK."
        
       | pdog wrote:
       | Ilya Lichtenstein (YC S11) is the co-founder of YC-backed
       | MixRank. Heather Morgan, his wife, is apparently a serial
       | entrepreneur, investor, and "contributor" to Forbes.
        
         | cam0 wrote:
         | Her Forbes bio:
         | 
         | Heather R. Morgan is an international economist, serial
         | entrepreneur, and investor in B2B software companies. She is an
         | expert in persuasion, social engineering, and game theory.
        
           | robbedpeter wrote:
           | "The infamous Crocodile of Wall Street" lol.
           | 
           | They certainly thought an awful lot of themselves - it's
           | fascinating to dig into their public facing digital trail. If
           | they played by the rules they'd have been living large as
           | part of the .001% of the world.
           | 
           | They bought themselves a giant lead brick and chained
           | themselves to it. It'd be sad if it weren't so
           | stereotypically comical.
        
           | rasz wrote:
           | she also ran Endpass "Bringing you the delightful and secure
           | Ethereum wallet that's easy enough for grandma to use."
        
         | localhost wrote:
         | She's also a rapper, and not a very good one:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_DIuPPmY9mw
        
           | stjohnswarts wrote:
           | That is truly awful, I couldn't take more than 20 seconds of
           | it. I couldn't say I would do better but I have no delusions
           | about being a rapper either.
        
           | dom96 wrote:
           | Better than most to be honest
        
           | 323 wrote:
           | Doesn't matter, she's going viral now
        
           | beebmam wrote:
           | This is absolutely incredible. Wow.
        
           | syndacks wrote:
           | >everyone worries too much about what's proper / but not Razz
           | -- no shame -- that don't stop her!
        
           | mritchie712 wrote:
           | Her delivery reminds me of a CEO being forced by their HR
           | department to "do a rap" in the 2000's to "relate" to their
           | employees.
        
             | raydev wrote:
             | I got strong "Just 2 Guyz" vibes from it (which was
             | intentionally funny):
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nt2OVAgkHBc
        
             | vmception wrote:
             | How about the 2010s! A VC firm had a tradition of making
             | all their portfolio companies participate in an annual rap
             | and dance. I think I had to participate in an Gangnam style
             | rendition. Probably not that hard to find, with that
             | information.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | Record companies are just VC firms who make their whole
               | portfolio sing and dance.
        
             | mateus1 wrote:
             | Strong Leslie Knopes in Parks & Rec's vibes!
        
           | outside1234 wrote:
           | "0FCKs given"
           | 
           | This whole crypto space is just a giant show of "Punk't"
           | isn't it. This can't be real - it is just parodies the whole
           | way down.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | > Y Combinator did not respond to BuzzFeed News' request for
         | comment.
         | 
         | https://www.buzzfeednews.com/article/sarahemerson/crypto-lau...
        
         | elkos wrote:
         | For those unfamiliar with Forbes as a platform, forms allows
         | for independent unpaind (by Forbes) writers to submit content
         | on their platform. If you see a scummy crowdfunding campaign or
         | shady start up claiming "as featured in Forbes,etc etc" that's
         | how they do it.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | lbriner wrote:
       | Serious question though, we live in a time when a mere mortal is
       | able to carry out an enormous financial crime, whose knock-on
       | effects _could be_ enormous to millions of people directly and
       | indirectly. How do you put a relevant sentence on that? Even
       | whole-life in prison doesn 't really make up for the number of
       | people who might be affected by it.
       | 
       | note, I didn't read the article, it was just the headline that
       | made me ask the question so possibly slightly off-topic.
        
       | tdhz77 wrote:
       | ilya@mixrank.com
        
       | neonate wrote:
       | http://web.archive.org/web/20220208165810/https://www.washin...
       | 
       | https://archive.is/IcdPK
        
       | maboo wrote:
       | Ilya is a good guy, I don't think he's guilty. there's gotta be a
       | misunderstanding
       | 
       | everyone thinks this story is about me
        
       | kisamoto wrote:
       | In a hypothetical, if the two did not breach Bitfinex servers
       | (unauthorized access to others systems) but instead managed to
       | "guess" the private key to the Bitfinex wallet and transfer the
       | funds, would this also be a crime?
       | 
       | Would this be treated the same way?
        
         | seibelj wrote:
         | If a bank accidentally leaves a sack of cash on the sidewalk
         | and you take it, it is not yours. Plus they didn't declare any
         | of the money and instead laundered it through a bunch of sham
         | companies and fraudulent users on crypto exchanges.
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | Even if the bank accidentally put the money in your bank
           | account and it's reasonable to believe that it's not yours,
           | you can be held liable if you spend it or withhold it from
           | the bank.
        
         | knorker wrote:
         | If bitcoin has legal ownership, then the means by which you
         | stole it doesn't seem relevant.
         | 
         | Are you essentially asking if bitcoin has ownership?
         | 
         | I would assume that using someone else's credentials (wallet
         | private key) without permission to make changes to a system
         | (the bitcoin blockchain) is in itself illegal, yes.
         | 
         | IANAL.
        
         | shemnon42 wrote:
         | I can't see how they can get away from it not being theft. No
         | durable argument could be made in court they thought it was
         | there to take, there is no way they didn't know it was someone
         | else's property.
        
           | nverno wrote:
           | Regardless, I don't think ignorance would be a valid legal
           | defense, despite whether someone recognizes random sequences
           | of bits as personal property or not.
        
         | oh_sigh wrote:
         | Yes. If you guess my house key shape, that doesn't give you a
         | right to enter my house, even if you can now unlock the front
         | door.
        
         | ngokevin wrote:
         | From the article, they aren't necessarily being charged with
         | the hack itself
        
           | sschueller wrote:
           | So they where hired to launder the money? Wouldn't the FBI
           | try to make a deal to catch the people who executed the hack?
        
             | ngokevin wrote:
             | Just saying in the article that's what they're being
             | legally charged for, and that already comes with hefty
             | maximum sentences.
             | 
             | They are clearly associated with the hack, but that can be
             | tacked on after further investigation and cross-
             | examination. The money laundering is an easier opening
             | target.
        
         | runeks wrote:
         | Wouldn't it still be laundering?
        
         | pc86 wrote:
         | Knowing the key doesn't immediately mean that your access is
         | authorized. This isn't equivalent to finding a $20 bill on the
         | ground so there's not really any corollary to stumbling across
         | it.
        
         | manquer wrote:
         | It is theft whether your door was unlocked or I break your
         | window and then steal your stuff.
        
         | realce wrote:
         | Computer Fraud and Abuse Act covers any unauthorized access
         | regardless of how the credentials were obtained or... magically
         | guessed.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | Also, grand larceny applies if you guess the code to unlock a
           | car.
        
             | bpodgursky wrote:
             | It applies even if the car isn't locked... it applies any
             | time you take something you know isn't yours.
        
           | nybble41 wrote:
           | In the scenario outlined there would be no unauthorized
           | access to any systems, whether owned by Bitfinex or anyone
           | else, so I really don't see how the CFAA could possibly apply
           | here. As for the cryptocurrency network itself, the protocol
           | is that anyone who has the private key is authorized to spend
           | the corresponding funds--how the key was obtained is
           | irrelevant.
           | 
           | Of course, correctly guessing a 256-bit random private key is
           | _exceedingly_ unlikely, though if they key is based on a
           | lower-entropy password (a  "brain wallet") then the odds of a
           | correct guess improve dramatically.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | thereddaikon wrote:
             | CFA would likely consider a bitcoin wallet a "system". You
             | weren't authorized to access funds in that wallet.
             | 
             | And even if it weren't that's no different than guessing
             | someone's bank account number and paying for purchases that
             | way. Its still someone else's money and its still stealing.
        
               | nybble41 wrote:
               | > CFA would likely consider a bitcoin wallet a "system".
               | You weren't authorized to access funds in that wallet.
               | 
               | We don't have to guess. The CFAA refers to unauthorized
               | access to _computers_ , not "systems". The Bitcoin
               | network is not a computer, and someone posting a
               | transaction signed with some key, however that key was
               | obtained, is using the network _as intended_ and not
               | accessing either the Bitcoin network as a whole or the
               | individual computers comprising the Bitcoin network in an
               | unauthorized manner.
               | 
               | > And even if it weren't that's no different than
               | guessing someone's bank account number and paying for
               | purchases that way.
               | 
               | It is different, because in that scenario you're claiming
               | to be the designated account owner, a specific legal
               | person authorized by contract to direct the bank to pay
               | money from that account--not just someone who knows the
               | account number. You generally have to sign a statement to
               | that effect in addition to providing the account details.
               | If you aren't the account holder then you're committing
               | fraud. (Though practically speaking it's really a bit
               | ridiculous that merely knowing the account number--
               | something printed on every check and hardly a closely-
               | held secret--is considered sufficient to set up a direct
               | debit.)
               | 
               | By design, Bitcoin doesn't care about your real-world
               | identity; it only cares about whether you know the
               | private key.
               | 
               | > Its still someone else's money and its still stealing.
               | 
               | Wrong on both counts. Bitcoins are an abstract concept,
               | much like points in a game. They are governed by
               | voluntary consensus among Bitcoin users according to a
               | particular specialized system of rules, and _not_ your
               | private property. In short, they 're "yours" only as long
               | as the network says they're "yours". If other Bitcoin
               | users stop recognizing those bitcoins as "yours" for
               | whatever reason--a blockchain fork, a change in the
               | consensus rules, someone else guessing your private key
               | and spending them--you have no legal recourse. There are
               | no physical goods involved which you could sue to have
               | returned to you, and no legally-binding contracts between
               | you and any other participants in the Bitcoin network
               | which you could claim were breached by the change.
        
           | ada1981 wrote:
           | I'm so confused how this holds up in a distributed system
           | like Bitcoin.
           | 
           | There is this ownerless software running.
           | 
           | I don't see it as theft.
        
       | deepsun wrote:
       | Should I expect price drop once feds start to sell it? Or they'll
       | just destroy the keys (keeping the money invested forever).
        
         | lern_too_spel wrote:
         | It will probably be returned to Bitfinex if they can access the
         | wallet.
        
           | bastawhiz wrote:
           | That's assuming the feds don't have unfinished business with
           | Bitfinex. They're not exactly on great terms.
        
             | lern_too_spel wrote:
             | That's just nitpicking. If Bitfinex is acting as a
             | custodian, the property will be returned to the owners.
             | Whether that return happens via Bitfinex or via the feds
             | looking at Bitfinex's books doesn't really change much. The
             | point is that the feds can't destroy property just because
             | they don't like who it was stolen from.
        
         | almost_usual wrote:
         | According to the article it's up to a judge on how the funds
         | are dispersed. It seems to lean towards the bitcoin being
         | returned to their rightful owners.
         | 
         | It worked out well for the owners assuming it is returned.
        
         | TigeriusKirk wrote:
         | Previously seized coins have been sold in off-chain auctions,
         | same mechanism as other seized goods.
         | 
         | Since these have a known rightful owner, though, they may just
         | be returned.
        
           | peter303 wrote:
           | Those were dark money used in crime. These havent been used
           | in crime, yet.
        
         | Lev1a wrote:
         | I'd actually really like if they used this opportunity to drive
         | the Bitcoin price straight into the ground, thereby ruining
         | that market for all those speculative investors.
         | 
         | Maybe that'd allow for something of a reboot of the ecosystem
         | having eliminated the scum that usually starts to invade any
         | remotely financially exploitable system after a while.
        
       | mrkramer wrote:
       | >Hackers Move $3.55B Worth of Bitcoin from 2016 Bitfinex Hack
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30162085
       | 
       | So government was moving bitcoins not hackers. Like I said in
       | that thread it is easier to launder cash than bitcoins because
       | bitcoins are on chain forever and cold cash can be laundered in
       | numerous ways.
        
         | tradertef wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing this. Hilarious comments :)
        
       | duxup wrote:
       | >According to court documents, Lichtenstein and Morgan allegedly
       | conspired to launder the proceeds of 119,754 bitcoin that were
       | stolen from Bitfinex's platform after a hacker breached
       | Bitfinex's systems and initiated more than 2,000 unauthorized
       | transactions. Those unauthorized transactions sent the stolen
       | bitcoin to a digital wallet under Lichtenstein's control. Over
       | the last five years, approximately 25,000 of those stolen bitcoin
       | were transferred out of Lichtenstein's wallet via a complicated
       | money laundering process that ended with some of the stolen funds
       | being deposited into financial accounts controlled by
       | Lichtenstein and Morgan.
       | 
       | Sounds like they were very much involved in the hack... or
       | someone hacked Bitfinex and gifted them the coins?
        
         | mikeyouse wrote:
         | Yeah -- It reads like they didn't have the evidence to prove
         | they hacked Bitfinex, but plenty of evidence they're the only
         | ones that moved the hacked funds. Hence the lack of CFAA or
         | other charges in favor of money laundering ConFraudUS.
        
       | mmh0000 wrote:
       | More people needs to learn about CoinJoins[0].
       | 
       | "CoinJoin is a trustless method for combining multiple Bitcoin
       | payments from multiple spenders into a single transaction to make
       | it more difficult for outside parties to determine which spender
       | paid which recipient or recipients. Unlike many other privacy
       | solutions, coinjoin transactions do not require a modification to
       | the bitcoin protocol."
       | 
       | [0] https://en.bitcoin.it/wiki/CoinJoin
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | Great idea, now you are not only liable for your own
         | activities, but also for lots of other activities possibly much
         | worse than your own.
         | 
         | This seems to be a pretty nerdy idea of 'how the world works'
         | that could easily spectacularly backfire.
        
       | ericmay wrote:
       | Beautiful. Kudos to the FBI and the US Government for nailing
       | these criminals.
        
       | mittermayr wrote:
       | Sometimes I wonder what the chances are that certain (highly
       | privileged) staff at Google (or other similar data storage or
       | e-mail companies) could run a query across Google Drive looking
       | for a specific public key. Much like a malware scanner, just
       | looking for "a key", just to see if there is an account matching.
       | Unofficially, of course. A rogue employee perhaps. And, what if,
       | in such a case, the employee (in the best of cases) reports the
       | person anonymously, or in other cases, takes off with the private
       | key if also found.
       | 
       | Or does anyone know if the data is so encrypted that nobody at
       | Google can override? I would highly doubt that, looking at US law
       | enforcement pressure. And I am sure there's a million and one
       | barriers and access requests blocking raw queries, but
       | technically...
       | 
       | Of course, a hefty hefty conspiracy-laden thought, but I just
       | found myself curious if that would even remotely be an option.
        
         | manquer wrote:
         | The I/O cost would be more than any loot you find !.
         | 
         | Jokes apart, it is not easy even for Google in-house teams such
         | a query scanning all their drive folders would be very, very
         | expensive computationally.
         | 
         | Most files are stored as binary blobs, i.e. bin formats like
         | PDF etc with some level of compression. Retrieval costs and
         | file read costs for even most common formats can be expensive
         | and slow
        
         | sjg007 wrote:
         | Google already scans drives for copyright infringement.
        
         | rehitman wrote:
         | I haven't work for google, but other cloud provider I worked
         | has very strict production access policy. You cannot just
         | access prod, or run script. Even in cases that you must access
         | prod, it needs special temporary access. (Just in Time Tokens),
         | which is audited, and linked to a case. Few people in
         | management line have to approve the access, and it expires once
         | used. I would say the chance that some random engineer does
         | this is very very low. Unless Google actually does something
         | like that as a product for law enforcment. I have heard few
         | cases of these scripts for things like child abuse images. I
         | have never seen one though in action.
        
         | bagacrap wrote:
         | I think the perp encrypted the file themselves before uploading
         | to Google cloud (or wherever). The encryption was not provided
         | by the platform.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | this would be trivial to code and could search for one of the
         | bip 39 dictionary words. github key thieves do this already.
        
           | vmception wrote:
           | Happened to many on dropbox too
           | 
           | You would never know if it was somebody employed there or at
           | the data center or at the government agency tapping the
           | servers
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | With so much money involved, I wonder if we can ever really know
       | anything. Enough money, and you can make black == white. E.g.
       | these two were fallguys
        
         | d23 wrote:
         | Thankfully we have a legal process intended to figure this
         | exact thing out via a process of presenting and considering
         | evidence.
        
           | JoeAltmaier wrote:
           | And we don't think money comes into that?
        
       | loceng wrote:
       | I ask this every so often during threads regarding stolen
       | cryptocurrency:
       | 
       | Is there any solution yet to preventing stolen cryptocurrency
       | funds from being spent? Isn't the only solution to have a central
       | database and require laws to require every transaction to be pre-
       | checked to see if it's stolen funds or not?
       | 
       | And not only that, the centralized system will have to be
       | constantly keeping track of wallet mixing to see where funds are
       | being redirected to, attempted to being washed to?
        
         | throwaway22032 wrote:
         | Most cryptocurrencies are designed such that the concept of
         | "returning" stolen funds is not really meaningful.
         | 
         | The best analogue is cash. If you want to return the cash you
         | need to physically find it and move it back.
        
           | lupire wrote:
           | Sovereign law isn't so easily waved away, unless you are
           | seasteading.
        
             | throwaway22032 wrote:
             | I'm not waving it away, this isn't a discussion about the
             | legal system.
             | 
             | If someone steals steal a fiver from your back pocket then
             | there's no magical wand that the police can wave that
             | teleports the cash back into your hand. They need to come
             | and get it from the kitchen table or wherever the thief has
             | put it assuming they haven't spent it.
             | 
             | Most cryptocurrencies are explicitly designed to act as
             | digital cash in this way. The system is structured such
             | that a coin is fully under the control of the owner of the
             | private key, there is no third party involved to effect
             | some sort of return like a bank can.
             | 
             | If the coins are sitting in an exchange or some other
             | custodian i.e. not exclusively under the control of the
             | owner of a private key then you can effect this change by
             | leaning on the exchange (in a legal sense).
             | 
             | The exchange is the bank, the coins are cash.
        
               | knorker wrote:
               | Cash is not a good comparison to cryptocurrency at all.
               | 
               | Stealing $70M, or trying to launder $5B in cash, is
               | absolutely not the same thing as doing the same with
               | cryptocurrencies.
               | 
               | $70M or $5B is a serious logistical problem to steal,
               | hide, and launder.
               | 
               | $70M is 700kg in $100s.
               | 
               | > under the control of the owner of the private key,
               | 
               | Not owner, no. Temporary viewer is enough. And that's a
               | huge difference.
        
               | throwaway22032 wrote:
               | Possession is probably a better word than ownership,
               | sure.
               | 
               | In the same way that if someone takes your cash into
               | their possession, they might not have legal ownership,
               | but now they have to somehow be involved in its' future
               | transfer (even if that's like, handcuffing them and
               | forcing them to hand it over).
               | 
               | In a cryptographic system you need the key in order to do
               | things. Whether you think it's good or bad to apply that
               | principle to the concept of money is orthogonal to the
               | ground reality of how it actually works.
               | 
               | The original Bitcoin whitepaper explicitly refers to
               | itself as a peer to peer electronic cash system
               | (https://bitcoin.org/bitcoin.pdf). It's the 7th word in.
               | It's designed to operate in a cash-like manner as opposed
               | to a referential (credit-like? not sure what the term is
               | for this) as in a bank ledger or similar.
        
               | knorker wrote:
               | > Possession is probably a better word than ownership,
               | sure.
               | 
               | I want to stress that I don't consider this a minor
               | difference.
               | 
               | > In the same way that if someone takes your cash into
               | their possession, they might not have legal ownership,
               | but now they have to somehow be involved in its' future
               | transfer
               | 
               | Yes. Cash can be stolen by a pickpocket. But two things
               | make this not a difference in degree, but in kind:
               | 
               | 1. You can't pickpocket $70M 2. A pickpocket can quickly
               | hand the $100 in your pocket to an accomplice, but not to
               | an accomplice in Bolivia.
               | 
               | If you want to move millions or billions in cash then you
               | have to fill out paperwork exactly because that's how
               | money laundering happens. Cash isn't actually easy to
               | move, nor anonymous, at scale.
               | 
               | $70M is 700kg in $100s. And any legit business you show
               | up with $1M in cash will report it, because they have to
               | and/or because they don't want to be tried as an
               | accomplice to money laundering.
               | 
               | I've had friends receive huge sums in cash, and they have
               | reported it exactly for this reason. Enforcement against
               | financial crime is actually built in.
               | 
               | I think the comparison to cash therefore is completely
               | inappropriate, to the point where I question if it's even
               | said in good faith.
               | 
               | > In a cryptographic system you need the key in order to
               | do things. Whether you think it's good or bad to apply
               | that principle to the concept of money is orthogonal to
               | the ground reality of how it actually works.
               | 
               | In my opinion it's not "money" that's being replaced with
               | math, but "intentions". It's not about replacing fiscal
               | policy with math so much as replacing laws against theft
               | and money laundering.
               | 
               | The definition for the features of cryptocurrencies tend
               | to be the exact description of money laundering and tax
               | evasion.
               | 
               | So if the goal is "I want to commit all the financial
               | crimes" then yes, for those purposes cryptocurrencies
               | have found their use cases.
        
               | throwaway22032 wrote:
               | You seem to have descended into some sort of monologue.
               | 
               | I hope that it's cathartic for you; I just wanted to
               | discuss how possession works in cryptocurrencies.
               | 
               | My apologies for using the word ownership instead of
               | possession, lazy language on my part.
        
           | loceng wrote:
           | So we pretend to treat it like cash and ignore that we can
           | track and know exactly what digital currency is stolen?
           | That's your proposed solution?
        
             | throwaway22032 wrote:
             | No, you're using words that I don't think are meaningful in
             | the context of what a cryptocurrency is.
             | 
             | Assuming you can't physically track down a thief and seize
             | control, the technical best case you can achieve with
             | Bitcoin is to blacklist specific transaction outputs e.g.
             | you can choose not to accept them. You can't prevent others
             | from accepting them, but you could for example as a
             | governmental body add them to a global blacklist of sorts
             | and legally forbid exchanges from accepting transactions
             | which have at some historical point interacted with those
             | blacklisted transaction outputs.
             | 
             | With the use of Lightning or coinjoin or various other
             | privacy preserving protocols you're going to end up in a
             | situation in which you have to taint the entire coinbase
             | (e.g. all coins) eventually; the ultimate endgame of doing
             | that would be to "ban Bitcoin" on exchanges.
             | 
             | With something like Monero or ZCash there's no serial
             | number to track in the first place so you have no ability
             | to blacklist anything; your only option is to refuse to
             | accept those currencies at all.
             | 
             | These are possible legal avenues you can go down. But
             | returning the funds is mathematically impossible without
             | somehow gaining access to the private keys that control
             | them.
             | 
             | The fact that there is no "solution" here is an explicit
             | goal of most of the cryptocurrencies that I'm aware of.
             | It's certainly the reason that I'm interested in the space;
             | it's non-custodial, as cash is.
        
           | knorker wrote:
           | > Most cryptocurrencies are designed such that the concept of
           | "returning" stolen funds is not really meaningful.
           | 
           | Which is why these things are not features, but bugs, in
           | cryptocurrencies. The core design principles of
           | cryptocurrencies are actually bugs, if you think about it.
        
             | throwaway22032 wrote:
             | It's not a bug, it's an explicit design decision with
             | trade-offs.
             | 
             | Is it a bug that my fork can't cut like a knife? Different
             | tools, different purposes.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >The core design principles of cryptocurrencies are
             | actually bugs, if you think about it.
             | 
             | It's a system designed around a different set of trade-
             | offs. Calling a bug doesn't really make sense. For
             | instance, using full disk encryption means that you lose
             | all your data if you forget your keys. That's not an issue
             | if you use icloud (which presumably has an account recovery
             | process). Based on this, can you say that the "core design
             | principles of full disk encryption are actually bugs"?
        
               | knorker wrote:
               | Good point.
               | 
               | It's a bug to the vast majority of people, but that
               | doesn't make it a bug to ultralibertarians.
               | 
               | It's a bug if the goal is actually to have everyone adopt
               | it.
        
         | mdoms wrote:
         | Some organisations already have such systems in place. Take for
         | example this Redditor who lost hundreds of thousands of dollars
         | because someone some time in the past pushed his coins through
         | a mixer.
         | 
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/blockfi/comments/skxiei/blockfi_hor...
        
         | optimalsolver wrote:
         | As I understand it, the Poly Network hacker found it impossible
         | to transfer his stolen Tether due to those coins being frozen
         | at Tether HQ.
        
         | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
         | Is there a need for an algorithm to efficiently check if a
         | transaction is in a particular list?
         | 
         | I have a fairly good idea on how to make a very efficient
         | algorithm for this. If there is a need for it, I would love to
         | help in any way I can.
        
         | pcthrowaway wrote:
         | With some things, such as the stablecoin USDC, the issuer can
         | prevent specific addresses from transferring them
        
           | runeks wrote:
           | Which is only possible because it's centralized
        
             | knownjorbist wrote:
             | A DAO could just as easily decide to do the same, but it'd
             | need to be built into the smart contracts.
        
               | pcthrowaway wrote:
               | This works with the smart contracts with USDC, it's just
               | that there's an authority which has permission to update
               | the state to deny transfers from a specific address.
               | 
               | This is because USDC is a centralized stablecoin (as is
               | USDT). There are decentralized stablecoins such as UST
               | and MIM (and I believe DAI as well).
        
               | knownjorbist wrote:
               | Correct, though on second thought, given how slow many
               | DAOs are to operate, the perpetrators would already be in
               | some other uncontrollable currency by the time people
               | voted to blacklist certain wallets.
        
               | pcthrowaway wrote:
               | A DAO _could_ have a privileged user (voted in by the DAO
               | of course) who has the ability to blocklist specific
               | addresses that aren 't explicitly on an allow-list. Then
               | the DAO vote could add accounts to the allow-list.
               | 
               | Doing so would mean the token could be transacted, except
               | by users who are on the blocklist and _not_ on the allow-
               | list. And this would prevent a privileged user from
               | abusing the power to add accounts to the block-list.
               | Getting unblocked at the speed of DAO is less of a
               | concern, as long as blocked account-holders can still
               | vote with their tokens.
        
         | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
         | what do you think about tornado.cash? It's apparently a very
         | effective mixer. I wonder what law enforcement can do if
         | someone ends up using tornado_cash.
         | 
         | There is absolutely no way of knowing if the money is good or
         | bad. If you consider every mixed_cash as bad, you would be
         | forced to assume that the entire cryptocurrency is bad bec of
         | how the money flows.
        
           | MauranKilom wrote:
           | > If you consider every mixed_cash as bad, you would be
           | forced to assume that the entire cryptocurrency is bad bec of
           | how the money flows.
           | 
           | That's exactly what's happening, according to this page that
           | was on the HN front page a few days ago:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30224637
        
             | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
             | Thanks for the link.
             | 
             | Millions of innocent people use cryptocurrencies. Even if
             | you assume a currency is bad, its impractical to think that
             | millions of people are bad.
        
           | loceng wrote:
           | I don't understand all technicalities of cryptocurrencies,
           | however you make it illegal to mix with known stolen
           | cryptocurrencies - and then it won't get mixed; else yes,
           | it's a problem if your ethics make you okay with rewarding
           | criminal behaviour by allowing stolen money to be spent.
        
         | rlpb wrote:
         | What does "stolen cryptocurrency" actually mean? For example,
         | if one person says it was stolen from them, and the holder says
         | they legitimately acquired it, then how is any solution
         | supposed to decide who is correct?
         | 
         | For fiat currency, there's usually a court system that can be
         | used to determine ownership. Though often they explicitly
         | exclude cash from that - if somebody legitimately acquires bank
         | notes that were previously stolen, they can keep them and they
         | are valid as legal tender.
         | 
         | For cryptocurrency, which jursidiction's justice system is
         | going to determine whether something has a "stolen" marker or
         | not? What if that's not recognised by a different jurisdiction,
         | or someone else comes to the opposite conclusion?
        
           | jcranmer wrote:
           | > For cryptocurrency, which jursidiction's justice system is
           | going to determine whether something has a "stolen" marker or
           | not?
           | 
           | It's the _same_ decision process as the normal justice
           | system. Broadly speaking, you can analyze it as follows (for
           | civil complaints):
           | 
           | 1. Is there a clause in the contract that says "disputes
           | follow XYZ jurisdiction"? Then that's the jurisdiction. (And
           | adding such a clause is Contracts 101 material).
           | 
           | 2. If not, then you can usually get jurisdiction based on
           | where the offense actually happened, or where the defendant
           | lives. The analysis can get complicated, but it's not going
           | to meaningfully change for cryptocurrency.
           | 
           | 3. There's also a potential for extraterritorial jurisdiction
           | in some cases.
           | 
           | > What if that's not recognised by a different jurisdiction,
           | or someone else comes to the opposite conclusion?
           | 
           | Well, jurisdiction really comes down to a) can you get a
           | court to agree that it has jurisdiction, and b) can you get
           | other people to agree to the court's orders for relief.
        
         | runeks wrote:
         | There is no solution because you would end up punishing
         | innocent people. E.g. if a thief buys a car with their proceeds
         | then it's not fair to punish the car dealership by confiscating
         | the originally-stolen coins. This was decided in Scotland in
         | 1749, cf.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crawfurd_v_The_Royal_Bank
        
           | loceng wrote:
           | How exactly are you punishing innocent people? What's
           | happening is you're rewarding thieves.
           | 
           | Your example doesn't fit what I am saying either. With a
           | digital currency you can do a pre-sale trick, so you'll see
           | the funds were stolen - and you then don't sell them the car
           | in the first place.
           | 
           | We can't incentivize theft.
        
           | swarsh wrote:
           | That Scottish decision, while still the basis for bona fide
           | acquisition of money in the UK and US, does not yet appear to
           | apply for cryptocurrencies.
           | 
           | Your Wikipedia link cites a 2019 paper published in the
           | Georgetown Technical Law Review whose analysis
           | (https://georgetownlawtechreview.org/wp-
           | content/uploads/2019/...) on page 415-6 says that 2016 US v
           | 50.44 Bitcoins (https://casetext.com/case/united-
           | states-v-5044-bitcoins) determined "cryptocurrencies do not
           | meet the UCC's definition of money" and thus bona fide
           | acquisition is not sufficient to prevent the crypto from
           | being legally seized from the possessor and returned to the
           | original owner.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | mgh2 wrote:
       | Dupe: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30260987
        
       | jrav wrote:
       | Probably stupid question: Why not just exchange it to zcash or
       | monero or some other coin that hides transaction details? Then
       | you can send it to a new wallet; theoretically 100% untraceably.
       | 
       | Is this not a valid approach?
        
         | Gasp0de wrote:
         | They did that apparently, it is mentioned in the article. There
         | are still ways to trace it. For example, if they do it in a
         | short timeframe or in just two transactions you can match the
         | amounts. Not many people send 100k$ in zCash around.
        
           | 0des wrote:
           | Amounts are not public with Monero outputs created within the
           | last few years.
        
         | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
         | One possibility is that almost all exchanges require KYC today.
        
         | uncomputation wrote:
         | The transaction from BTC to Monero is traceable.
        
           | cirowrc wrote:
           | with atomic swaps that make use of taproot, that wouldn't be
           | distinguishable from, say, opening a lightning channel, but
           | still, there's not enough liquidity there (and this is very
           | recent stuff anyway)
        
         | miohtama wrote:
         | If you read the court PDFs you see that they tried it.
        
       | joecool1029 wrote:
       | I was thinking, we know the feds have seized bitcoin and
       | auctioned (laundered) them off later on. Cash often gets seized
       | too.
       | 
       | What happens if a criminal tries to burn cash and is mostly
       | successful in doing so? Do the feds go to the BEP with a claim to
       | get the money reprinted; or, like burned bitcoin, is it gone
       | forever?
        
       | ratg13 wrote:
       | Does anyone know if Bitfinex will get this returned to them (and
       | hopefully repay users) .. or what the next steps in this story
       | might look like?
        
         | spywaregorilla wrote:
         | What users?
        
           | ratg13 wrote:
           | Bitfinex had to take a percentage of user's assets away due
           | to the theft.
        
         | evdubs wrote:
         | After this hack, Bitfinex account holders took a haircut (30%
         | or so) and were given tokens representing the remainder of
         | their dollar-denominated account balances. Those tokens were
         | paid in full in 2017ish.
         | 
         | Later, the UK, Portugal, and Poland seized $1B or so of
         | Bitfinex customer funds due to the funds being delivered by
         | Crypto Capital Corp who was found to be engaged in money
         | laundering. Bitfinex issued LEO tokens to make up for that
         | asset seizure, and have a clause that if the 2016 stolen
         | bitcoins were recovered, they'd be used to retire the LEO
         | tokens. That's why LEO has greatly increased in value recently.
         | https://cryptowat.ch/charts/BITFINEX:LEO-USD?period=1d
        
           | johnmarcus wrote:
           | It's so odd that the story breaks today but LEO started
           | jumping 8 days ago. No insider trading there, I am certain!
        
       | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
       | > One overlooked detail in the Razzlekahn arrest. Almost all the
       | money went through AlphaBay, using it as a mixer. The feds were
       | able to see through this because they seized AlphaBay. Its
       | amazing how, even years after, darknet market seizures pay
       | dividends to the feds.
       | 
       | Another fascinating detail.
       | 
       | Source: https://twitter.com/ncweaver/status/1491118233973571585
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | Why do they call it Razzlekahn?
         | 
         | I was just watching her tiktok account, pure cringe.
        
           | sharken wrote:
           | Razzle looks like a female version of the male rapper Rahzel,
           | who is also from New York.
           | 
           | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahzel
           | 
           | And Khan is from Genghis Khan, as mentioned here:
           | 
           | https://www.lyrics.com/sub-artist/Razzlekhan/28366
           | 
           | But this is all just a guess.
        
       | Severian wrote:
       | So, hypothetically, if these guys were to completely cash out
       | these coins somehow, and then pay tax to the IRS, would they be
       | immune from tax fraud and IRS involvement? I know similar things
       | happen with stolen property and illegal drugs (Sullivan v. United
       | States).
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | Yes if they successfully laundered it and paid taxes they would
         | have no liability.
        
           | Severian wrote:
           | Probably liability to the Fed, but not local prosecutors for
           | whatever locality Bitfinex was in then?
           | 
           | Are bitcoins recognized as personal property, IP, none, or
           | something of a blend in smaller jurisdictions? I have no
           | idea.
        
             | vmception wrote:
             | they wouldn't know who to hold accountable either. The
             | point is that nobody would.
             | 
             | In my model the only liability would occur from the normal
             | day to day business operation that you earn the
             | successfully laundered proceeds from. like one of your
             | actual clients sue you because you breached the SLA because
             | you forgot you're actually running a legitimate business.
        
       | trizuz wrote:
        
       | amazd wrote:
       | Here's a video of the couple, with the dude getting a hair cut
       | from the rapper gf: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pDY1bC9eL-A
        
         | tradertef wrote:
         | She says she is Turkish and counts in Turkish. But her name and
         | accent are not Turkish..
        
       | mdoms wrote:
       | > "Today, federal law enforcement demonstrates once again that we
       | can follow money through the blockchain, and that we will not
       | allow cryptocurrency to be a safe haven for money laundering or a
       | zone of lawlessness within our financial system," said Assistant
       | Attorney General Kenneth A. Polite Jr. of the Justice
       | Department's Criminal Division.
       | 
       | How is this not a total death blow for bitcoin? If the justice
       | department can do it, anyone can. It's a public ledger. So you
       | effectively must treat every transaction you ever make on the
       | blockchain as totally public and tied directly to you.
        
         | AlexanderTheGr8 wrote:
         | It took them 6 years to catch these perps. And these perps were
         | extremely sloppy (storing keys in cloud, weak encryption)
         | 
         | Justice must give the perception that they are doing enough.
         | They can't really say that it's really hard to catch people
         | committing crimes in cryptocurrencies.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | Because there is a weak link in the methods these guys used.
         | 
         | The DOJ always pats itself on the back to pretend to the
         | worldwide audience that there is "no" illicit money in the US
         | financial system.
         | 
         | They don't say "good thing they didn't use X method! that would
         | have hampered our investigation irreparably!" at least not in
         | press releases.
        
       | binarynate wrote:
       | "I deeply, deeply regret to inform you that this is the rap video
       | of the woman who was just arrested as part of an alleged husband-
       | wife scheme that laundered some $3.6 billion in crypto."
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/kevincollier/status/1491107221857796097
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | sharkweek wrote:
         | I have been writing an imaginary Coen brothers in my head over
         | the last couple of years based on absurd current events. This
         | is definitely being added.
         | 
         | I'm thinking of tying them both in as friends of Lady Gaga,
         | tasked with trying to pay the ransom to the people who
         | kidnapped her dog in crypto. In the process, they accidentally
         | stole too much.
        
       | throwaway110535 wrote:
       | 25 years max for stealing billions? God bless America.
       | 
       | > Lichtenstein and Morgan are charged with conspiracy to commit
       | money laundering, which carries a maximum sentence of 20 years in
       | prison, and conspiracy to defraud the United States, which
       | carries a maximum sentence of five years in prison. A federal
       | district court judge will determine any sentence after
       | considering the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines and other statutory
       | factors.
        
         | twox2 wrote:
         | Are you suggesting that's a light punishment?
        
           | throwaway110535 wrote:
           | Given that folks have been given longer punishments for
           | stealing less, yes. Granted, ianal and I acknowledge that
           | things come into play like repeat offenses, etc.
        
             | twox2 wrote:
             | At the same time, though, folks get lighter sentences for
             | rape and murder. IMO there's nothing 30,40,50+ years can do
             | to a person that 25 can't.
        
               | throwaway110535 wrote:
               | touche
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >25 years max for stealing billions?
         | 
         | 1. The bitcoins were only worth ~$70 million at the time of
         | theft. saying they stole "billions" is highly misleading
         | 
         | 2. I don't get it, aren't we supposed to be getting less "tough
         | on crime", especially for non-violent offenses?
        
           | throwaway110535 wrote:
           | 1. Just quoting the amount mentioned in the press release. I
           | guess its highly misleading too?
           | 
           | 2. Supposed to be, but we all know that folks are sitting in
           | jail right now for longer periods of time for stealing less.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >2. Supposed to be, but we all know that folks are sitting
             | in jail right now for longer periods of time for stealing
             | less.
             | 
             | Example?
             | 
             | The US sentencing guidelines[1] considers multiple factors
             | other than "value stolen"
             | 
             | https://www.ussc.gov/guidelines/2021-guidelines-manual-
             | annot...
        
               | throwaway110535 wrote:
               | can't say i've ever read the sentencing guidelines. you
               | win.
        
         | smartties wrote:
         | Are they being charged for stealing? I thought the concept of
         | crypto is to be you own bank, So as long as you have the
         | private key, you are now technically the owner. What if two
         | people generate the same private key. Who is the owner ?
        
           | khuey wrote:
           | They're charged with money laundering.
        
         | CPLX wrote:
         | I am just guessing here but it's likely that there are multiple
         | counts of these charges.
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | It's not clear that this is the end of the charges.
        
         | paulpauper wrote:
         | maybe 25 after a plea deal
        
         | dcist wrote:
         | they haven't actually been charged with hacking, just the
         | laundering. the complaint could be amended after investigation
         | and the potential sentence would go up.
        
       | ncmncm wrote:
        
         | nojito wrote:
         | Sure if ignore the findings from Mueller.
        
         | teraflop wrote:
         | Would you say the Senate Intelligence Committee report, which
         | was released by a committee of 8 Republicans and 7 Democrats,
         | and which found that:
         | 
         | > Russian intelligence services' assault on the integrity of
         | the 2016 U.S. electoral process[,] and Trump and his
         | associates' participation in and enabling of this Russian
         | activity, represents one of the single most grave
         | counterintelligence threats to American national security in
         | the modern era.
         | 
         | was also entirely fabricated by the Clinton campaign?
        
         | pyronite wrote:
         | > _He snagged a Pulitzer for a story about something that never
         | had any primary source, that was entirely fabricated by
         | political operatives then working for Hillary Clinton 's
         | campaign._
         | 
         | There was a multi-year government report indicating that "the
         | Russian government 'interfered in the 2016 presidential
         | election in sweeping and systematic fashion' and 'violated U.S.
         | criminal law'."
         | 
         | Source and further reading if desired:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mueller_report#Russian_interfe...
         | 
         | The Justice Department under former Attorney General Bill Barr
         | tried to determine who had leaked to the reporter, Devlin
         | Barrett, because the information he published was accurate and
         | classified: https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-
         | security/washington-...
        
         | tomweingarten wrote:
         | Do you have examples of false articles he published? I can't
         | find any examples of work he's done that comes close to
         | comparing to Roger Stone's crimes.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | counternotions wrote:
       | The wife could plead not guilty by reason of insanity:
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/matthewesp/status/1491116443207094272?s=...
        
         | johnmarcus wrote:
         | have you seen her rap video? https://razzlekhan.com/ She should
         | be arrested purely for subjecting people to its existence.
        
       | johnmarcus wrote:
       | What i love most about this is that if these clowns didn't
       | stupidly store their keys in a decrypt-able file in cloud
       | storage, then ~.01% of BTC could have been lost forever.
       | 
       | We are just 10,000 hacks away from bitcoin being gone forever! A
       | boy can dream.
        
       | majani wrote:
       | What's shocking to me is that the hack was actually real and not
       | just an inside job by Bitfinex employees
        
         | mrkramer wrote:
         | For example Mt. Gox hack was also most probably hack not an
         | inside job because that guy Mark Karpeles was so incompetent
         | running the exchange no wonder it got hacked every now and
         | then.
        
       | vmception wrote:
       | > While it is possible that SalesFolk received virtual currency,
       | based on my experience, companies that do offer virtual currency
       | as a payment method or in conjunction with another service often
       | advertise it to attract more business.
       | 
       | Disagree here. I know many institutional funds that accept crypto
       | for investment, solely because the third party fund administrator
       | allows it, who only updated to account for that because so many
       | funds and limited partners wanted that.
       | 
       | You would have no idea how much is happening behind the scenes,
       | with the merchant services pushes being just a small tip of an
       | iceberg with its own success or failures.
        
         | soared wrote:
         | I was going to disagree, but it turns out you're right. Home
         | Depot and a few other companies do accept crypto and they are
         | not trying to meme about it.
        
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