[HN Gopher] Wine bricks saved the U.S. wine industry during Proh...
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       Wine bricks saved the U.S. wine industry during Prohibition (2015)
        
       Author : harambae
       Score  : 325 points
       Date   : 2022-02-08 02:23 UTC (20 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (vinepair.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (vinepair.com)
        
       | gwbas1c wrote:
       | Reminds me of when a friend ordered some San Pedro cactus over
       | the internet "for religious sacrament." It included a note
       | indicating that they ran out of the exact variety that he
       | ordered, but they thought that he'd be very happy with the one
       | they sent because it was stronger when used for religious
       | purposes.
       | 
       | (San Pedro cactus contains mescaline. It's perfectly legal to
       | grow for ornamental purposes.)
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | IIRC mescaline or peyote (maybe they're the same? I don't know)
         | is nowadays legally protected under religious laws, but iirc
         | there's a lot of caveats around it (region, tribe, etc).
        
           | mytailorisrich wrote:
           | Peyote is the plant, a cactus, and the active chemical it
           | contains is mescaline. Peyote is only legal for native
           | americans religious ceremonies, afaik.
        
             | cestith wrote:
             | AIUI the plant is legal but consuming it, growing it for
             | consumption, or preparing it for consumption is only legal
             | for religious purposes. I could be misremembering, and
             | state laws may vary anyway.
        
         | int_19h wrote:
         | And then there's Delta-8 THC which was accidentally legalized
         | by the 2018 law that was intended to legalize industrial hemp.
        
         | at_compile_time wrote:
         | Mushroom spores are sold online for "microscopy purposes only".
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | "bath salts" comes to mind, wasn't that a nickname for some
           | wack shit?
           | 
           | Over here, huffing nitrous oxide is a thing, but it's sold as
           | pressure gas for whipped cream dispensers and the like.
        
             | celticninja wrote:
             | The difference being that they are/were legitimately sold
             | for whipped cream dispensers prior to them being used to
             | get hight.
             | 
             | Wine bricks were designed to get around a ban.
        
           | mmmpop wrote:
           | They don't contain the active ingredient that is specifically
           | illegal, which is what I always heard made the "loophole"
           | possible. Would be interested to know if that's true (but too
           | lazy to alt-tab and search myself.)
        
             | 55555 wrote:
             | Not sure why you are being downvoted. Perhaps for laziness.
             | Spores indeed do not contain psilocybin.
        
               | mmmpop wrote:
               | I wasn't too lazy I was just interested in a conversation
               | with people on the orange site instead of a boring Google
               | search. Forgive me.
        
               | celticninja wrote:
               | Same reason that cannabis seeds tend to be legal but
               | germination of them is illegal.
        
           | 867-5309 wrote:
           | "brick of concentrated sun-dried pre-milked opium poppy seed
           | latex. organic, vegan, fair trade, 100% natural. NOT for
           | intravenous consumption"
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | I mean, I wouldn't IV the latex either.
        
             | stragies wrote:
             | (c) 1895 BAYER, but their lawyers will probably not come
             | after you anymore for that ;)
        
       | guerrilla wrote:
       | We have something like this in Sweden (where we have an state-run
       | alcohol monopoly that makes getting alcohol annoying and
       | expensive). It's just a bag of juice with some additives. Never
       | tried it myself but I heard it's not great.
        
       | supernova87a wrote:
       | How did they make the concentrate without destroying all the
       | subtle things I hear that wine is supposed to contain (and the
       | yeast)? Did they boil it? Reverse osmosis? Vacuum?
        
         | gwd wrote:
         | There's almost certainly wild yeast on the grapes themselves;
         | and in any case yeast is more or less omnipresent, so you'll
         | have wild yeast all over your own kitchen at home. The usual
         | problem is _preventing_ things from fermenting, not causing
         | them to ferment.
        
         | Sharlin wrote:
         | I doubt those "subtle things" were a priority in this case. Or
         | any consideration at all. People didn't drink this stuff for
         | its flavor.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | Not much has changed if you look at the cheap alcohol
           | available.
        
             | bradleyjg wrote:
             | Even cheap alcohol is much much better than it used to be.
             | Mulled wine was so popular back in the day because wine was
             | barely drinkable. Cocktails exist for the same reason (and
             | that's why classic recipes are so sweet). It's a similar
             | thing with classic "ethnic" dishes--they are so rich and
             | flavorful because they needed to cover the taste of
             | marginal meat.
        
       | zxcvbn4038 wrote:
       | In the early 90s the NY post published a similar article about
       | how not to smuggle in cigarettes from the Native American
       | reservations nearby - including which roads to not take and
       | intersections to not be wary of because there were frequently
       | "speed traps" in place to stop vehicles that might be smuggling
       | tobacco - just an FYI which readers should not be interested in.
       | 
       | In the 2000s the NY state police started searching and seizing
       | all UPS trucks exiting the reservations because the practice of
       | shipping cigarettes had become so common that the state was
       | losing significant tobacco tax revenue. They argued that UPS had
       | to be aware of what they were carrying because the shippers were
       | tobacco stores and the parcels were exactly cigarette box sized,
       | thus they were willing accomplices. After several days the Native
       | American governments backed down and agreed to not ship
       | cigarettes anymore.
        
         | throwaway0a5e wrote:
         | When has NY state ever cared about making their budgetary ends
         | meet? They cared that the people had dared to disobey them, not
         | about the money.
        
         | dmurray wrote:
         | > They argued that UPS had to be aware of what they were
         | carrying because the shippers were tobacco stores and the
         | parcels were exactly cigarette box sized, thus they were
         | willing accomplices
         | 
         | Would that matter? Fully legal duty-paid cigarette boxes would
         | presumably be the same size and shape from the same origin.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | The legal standard for a search is probable cause, not beyond
           | a reasonable doubt. I suspect it'd hold up in court.
        
           | tantalor wrote:
           | It satisfies probable cause.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probable_cause
        
       | tdeck wrote:
       | Wanting to read more I found this other article with a more
       | nuanced take and some additional information:
       | 
       | https://grapecollective.com/articles/prohibitions-grape-bric...
       | 
       | > The grape of choice for home winemakers quickly became Alicante
       | Bouschet. Thick, tough skins helped the grape survive the cross-
       | country journey, and it grew in large quantities
       | 
       | > By the end of Prohibition in 1933, other grape varietals and
       | fruits had been ripped up and 40,000 acres of Alicante had been
       | planted.
       | 
       | > "Grape bricks had a disastrous effect on the early American
       | wine industry," Suttner wrote in an email. Grape bricks' place in
       | Prohibition history is largely glossed over, but Suttner was able
       | to learn about them through period newspaper articles and Eric
       | Burn's book The Spirits of America. "By encouraging the
       | production of cheap, fast-growing grapes like Alicante Bouschet
       | at the expense of other, slower varieties, American wineries
       | limited themselves severely."
        
         | llampx wrote:
         | If it helped the wineries and vineyards survive, I guess its
         | the lesser of the two evils. Given that the other wine-drinking
         | regions probably didn't want to import new world grapes to make
         | wine with.
        
       | Stratoscope wrote:
       | If you find this interesting, I highly recommend _Last Call_ by
       | Daniel Okrent:
       | 
       | https://smile.amazon.com/dp/B003JTHVHY/
       | 
       | Some related tidbits from that book:
       | 
       | Like the compressed grape bricks, grape juice was perfectly
       | legal. And making your own wine for family consumption was also
       | legal.
       | 
       | So in San Francisco, many homes had basement wine cellars, and
       | you could arrange a delivery from the grape juice truck down a
       | chute into your wine barrel.
       | 
       | If you preferred fresh grapes, you could go to the Drumm Street
       | station to pick up boxes of Napa County grapes straight off the
       | train. Then go next door to the barrel maker and take it all
       | home.
       | 
       | http://santarosahistory.com/wordpress/2019/05/will-wine-coun...
        
       | alkaloid wrote:
       | Wherever the Catholic Sun doth shine
       | 
       | There's always laughter and good red wine
       | 
       | At least, I've always found it so
       | 
       | Benedicamis Domino!
       | 
       | ~ Hilaire Belloc
        
       | mmettler wrote:
       | This reminds me of how q-tip manufacturers forbid you from using
       | q-tips to clean your ears.
        
         | leobg wrote:
         | That's a good one!
        
         | thowawaymed50 wrote:
         | Don't do this. I learned the hard way because I ended up
         | pushing earwax into the canal, eventually forming a blockage. I
         | couldn't hear out of my ear and had to go to an ENT, where he
         | use vacuum suction to take some of it out (the deepest he could
         | go without risking damage to the ear drum), and then I had to
         | do two weeks of hyrogen peroxide drops (Debrox) to help liquify
         | the earwax. Not being able to hear out of one ear is miserable,
         | even if temporary.
         | 
         | Your ears are self-cleaning. They automatically push earwax
         | (slowly) to the outside. A Q-tip is only meant for the outer
         | rim of your ear. There's a saying ENTs use I found while
         | researching my problem: "nothing smaller than your elbow should
         | enter your ear". My ENT told me to stop using the Q-tips. If
         | you find your ears produce a lot of wax, you can just use a
         | tissue on the outside. Or if you're willing to heed the
         | warnings, carefully use a Q-tip, but don't insert it into your
         | ear canal.
         | 
         | (Throwaway because I don't like mixing personal medical info
         | with my regular account)
        
         | mrexroad wrote:
         | FWIW, you really shouldn't put them in your ear...
        
       | chrismaeda wrote:
       | Ontario has a bunch of make-your-own wine companies that work
       | like wine bricks.
       | 
       | 1. you buy 5 gallons of grape juice for ~$20 per gallon.
       | 
       | 2. yeast is dropped into your grape juice
       | 
       | 3. you come to the store to decant your grape juice into wine
       | bottles and cork them up.
       | 
       | Since no alcohol is bought or sold, you avoid the (very high)
       | taxes on liquor. You end up with ~28 bottles of wine for ~$4 per
       | bottle.
       | 
       | It's not the greatest wine, but it's ok for sangria and cooking,
       | and it's a good story if you hang out with people who like to
       | talk about tax loopholes...
        
         | jerrysievert wrote:
         | thankfully, here, we have Trader Joe's and their "3 buck
         | chuck". the local Kroger store (Fred Meyer) also has $3 wine,
         | but I think of that as "emergency wine" - the 3 buck chuck is
         | much, much better.
         | 
         | I have some questions though:
         | 
         | 1. do they teach you about sanitization and airlocks, or is it
         | simply "toss some yeast in this bottle"
         | 
         | 2. I'm guessing no aging? it would be awesome if they allowed
         | you to pop some in a barrel for aging
         | 
         | 3. (not really a question) but wow, $20/gallon is still kind of
         | spendy!
        
           | lebuffon wrote:
           | It's only Canadian money. :-) <$16 USD
        
           | vzidex wrote:
           | I've done it as well with my parents, who love wine. At the
           | shops I've been to, you buy the grape concentrate up front
           | and they handle to process of making it up until bottling.
           | Once the juice has fermented, you go in and they walk you
           | through cleaning and sanitizing the bottles, filling them,
           | corking them, and usually shrink-wrapping the tops. They
           | provide all the supplies except the bottles themselves -
           | customers bring their own, saved from buying wine the
           | "normal" way.
           | 
           | Never seen a shop do ageing, so the wine will be noticeably
           | "young". My parents like dryer and sharper white wines
           | anyways (Pinot Grigio, Riesling, etc.) so it doesn't bother
           | them. Also note that due to taxes and such, the cheapest wine
           | you'll find commercially is C$11 a bottle, so even at C$20 /
           | gallon you're getting a great deal if you like the resulting
           | wines.
           | 
           | Personally, I quite like the wines my folks get through these
           | shops - properly chilled they make a wonderfully refreshing
           | beverage in the summer, and we'll often drink a few bottles
           | on the back deck together when I go to see them.
        
         | softfalcon wrote:
         | We have this in Western Canada too! Many places in BC do it. I
         | would like to share a positive experience I've had. If you go
         | up to $5-8 a bottle, there are some really high quality grapes
         | you can get.
         | 
         | There is one grape juice supplier called Chateau-Vieux-du-Roi
         | which is from a region close to where Chateauneuf-du-Pape is
         | produced in France. We have taken Chateauneuf-du-Pape bottles
         | and put the Chateau-Vieux-du-Roi wine inside. Blind taste tests
         | from folks who have had the real Chateauneuf-du-Pape often fail
         | to tell the difference.
         | 
         | We have to age the knock-off Chateau-Vieux-du-Roi for 2-3 years
         | to get it to the same quality, but by golly is it ever
         | delicious wine. If you're impatient, it's still quite tasty
         | after only 6 months to a year of aging in the bottle.
         | 
         | Considering a bottle of Chateauneuf-du-Pape goes for a minimum
         | of $30 CAD, it's an incredible savings.
        
         | pantulis wrote:
         | Guess that's the kind of wine that goes well with Coke, Pepsi
         | or my personal fav Lemon Fanta.
        
           | alistairSH wrote:
           | Am I misreading, or are you saying you mix wine with
           | soda/pop?
        
             | rozenmd wrote:
             | it's a Thing: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calimocho
        
               | dwringer wrote:
               | I always heard a mixture of wine and soda pop called a
               | "wine cooler", a use that would have gone back several
               | decades, but Wikipedia seems to think that specifically
               | means a mix of fruit juice and wine. There is some
               | discussion in the talk page about this discrepancy. I
               | guess maybe the term was a regional thing.
        
               | pantulis wrote:
               | I guess it's not that an original invention so it may
               | have different names in different places ;)
        
             | pantulis wrote:
             | Yes. Soda, wine and ice. Of course I am not endorsing to do
             | the mix with good wine ;)
        
         | tantalor wrote:
         | Love the use of passive voice! "yeast is dropped", "taxes were
         | evaded"
        
         | peckrob wrote:
         | DIY winemaking kits can actually make some pretty decent wines
         | if you spend a bit of time and money getting proper equipment.
         | Not a lot - $100 will get you a really, really good setup with
         | two glass carboys for fermenting, siphons, thief and test jar,
         | hydrometer, corker, etc.
         | 
         | I've been making my own wines for years now. Occasionally I'll
         | do a full from-scratch wine, but more often I buy a $40 kit
         | from Midwest Supplies [0] that has all the components - grape
         | juice concentrate, fruit essence, yeasts, kieselsol and
         | chitosan, potassium metabisulfite as well as full detailed
         | instructions. All you need is four gallons of distilled water.
         | 28 days later, ~30 bottles pretty good wine! It won't win
         | awards or anything, but it'll make a fantastic table wine and
         | great for everyday meals.
         | 
         | The only downside is that you'll spend a bit of time cleaning
         | and sterilizing things and you'll remember all the stuff you
         | forgot from high school chemistry class. :)
         | 
         | [0] https://www.midwestsupplies.com/
        
           | gsruff wrote:
           | I would recommend avoiding glass carboys for fermenting. They
           | are heavy, especially when filled, difficult to clean with
           | their narrow mouths, and quite dangerous if they shatter when
           | you accidentally drop them. (They're easy to drop while
           | you're cleaning them and they're wet and slippery.) There are
           | numerous accounts on home brewing forums of trips to the
           | emergency room because a glass carboy broke and injured
           | someone.
           | 
           | PET plastic fermenters (Better Bottle, FermZilla, Fermonster,
           | etc.) are much nicer to work with.
        
             | CoryMathews wrote:
             | Plastic fermenters are MUCH safer (I am one of the many who
             | have gotten minor cuts from shattering glass carboys) but
             | just plain terrible for fermenting in. A little scratch in
             | the wall and your sanitizing process will miss the wild
             | yeast that grows in the scratch making the container
             | essentially useless for fermenting with your chosen yeast
             | only.
             | 
             | Also they make widemouth glass carboys which are very easy
             | to clean. But they shatter all the same.
             | 
             | If your going to avoid glass go 304 stainless (SSBrewtechs
             | BrewBucket etc.) plus it basically lasts forever.
        
             | muttled wrote:
             | My preferred solution was those Culligan watercooler-style
             | empty 5 gallon water jugs they carry at suburban Wal-Marts.
             | Just be careful to fit some sort of pressure release. They
             | will expand in a scary fashion otherwise.
        
             | fishtoaster wrote:
             | A fun glass carboy story. I had just finished an hour-long
             | boil of around 5 gallons of beer wort and then poured it
             | into my carboy. I then needed to cool it down to a safe
             | temperature for the yeast (~70@) as quickly as possible to
             | prevent infection. It was the middle of a western NY winter
             | and so I though of the obvious solution which was to set
             | the whole thing in a snow bank. Perhaps you can see where
             | this is going.
             | 
             | As soon as I set this 5-gallon glass container of near-
             | boiling liquid in the snow bank I realized my error because
             | of the loud, _CRACK_ sound. I lifted it up by the neck, but
             | only the top half came away and I was left holding a
             | comically large broken-bottle shiv. My roommates at the
             | time all came out to properly laugh at me and I resolved to
             | cool my wort _before_ putting it in the fermentation vessel
             | from then on. And also to stick with plastic fermentation
             | vessels!
        
             | jszymborski wrote:
             | Using a covered plastic or wicker basket is an easy way to
             | transport glass carboys, and should hopefully contain much
             | of the shrapnel if you have the bad fortune to drop them.
             | 
             | Cleaning any bottle with a narrow neck is extra work, but
             | you can get it done with a pipe cleaner, and it's best not
             | to clean at an elevation or to do so in a deep basin.
             | 
             | These are things that come naturally after handling
             | significant glassware for a period of time.
        
           | galangalalgol wrote:
           | I've always avoided wine brewing. Lots of cider ceyser and
           | beer. What styles/varietals are ok right out of the secondary
           | like that?
           | 
           | Edit: mostly interested in Sauvignon Blanc, Cabernet
           | Sauvignon, vino verde, and maybe tempranillo. The kits seem
           | pretty expensive. Trader joes has very tasty bottles in those
           | styles (maybe not the CS) for $5.
        
             | telmo wrote:
             | > vino verde
             | 
             | Not wanting to be pedantic or snobbish, but it is "vinho
             | verde", because it is a Portuguese type of wine (I am
             | Portuguese, and that is why I care about this :)
             | 
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vinho_Verde
        
               | galangalalgol wrote:
               | Sorry I knew there was an h in there somewhere but I
               | didn't take the time to look it up. Only been there for
               | about a week and I loved it. The seafood was fantastic
               | and I like the weather a lot. We were mostly around
               | Lisbon. Really like Cascais.
        
             | peckrob wrote:
             | Aging is optional; it will improve the wine, but there's
             | nothing stopping you from drinking it immediately and it
             | will probably taste pretty decent. Many wines are perfectly
             | drinkable after secondary fermentation has finished (and
             | you've added the metabisulfite to fully stop it unless
             | you're making champagne and you want additional
             | carbonation). The longer you age it and the more work you
             | put into it, the better the end product, but that's true
             | for most things. Many store-bought wines are less than a
             | year old.
             | 
             | To me wines are actually _less_ work to homebrew than beer.
             | Especially if you 're working from a kit, there's no need
             | to cook anything - just dump everything in the fermenter
             | and go. Beyond that the process is largely similar. Primary
             | fermentation -> secondary fermentation -> bottling ->
             | drinking. They're pretty forgiving too.
             | 
             |  _In general_ , whites take a bit more work to get a really
             | good _looking_ product than reds. For a white, I 'll
             | usually rack at least three times over about a week, and
             | then filter it so I get a nice, amber-clear end product
             | with no sediment. Note that this doesn't really impact the
             | taste much, just the appearance. Reds I usually don't
             | bother to rack more than once or maybe twice.
             | 
             | When I am done I usually sit my bottles upright in a cool,
             | dark area for a few days before putting them in the wine
             | rack on their sides.
             | 
             | This one [0] specifically is a family favorite. Has a nice
             | light, somewhat fruit taste that's great for a warm summer
             | evening. This one is best kept cool (I keep a few of my
             | bottles that we're about to drink in a wine refrigerator.)
             | 
             | [0] https://www.midwestsupplies.com/collections/riesling-
             | recipe-...
        
               | pstuart wrote:
               | I imagine there might be a market for aging wine via
               | electricity if it was cheap enough: https://www.bio-
               | conferences.org/articles/bioconf/full_html/2....
        
       | rdtsc wrote:
       | When someone suggests a clever loophole, the response is usually
       | "that would never work, the police and the judge will know
       | exactly what you're doing". But somehow, a whole industry
       | developed around the "do not do ... detailed prohibited thing".
       | 
       | I guess, because it somehow worked that one time, it became
       | memorable as an exception, while in most cases it wouldn't fly in
       | court.
        
         | post_break wrote:
         | The whole gun industry revolves around this. Can't have
         | automatic weapons (unless you buy a preban for
         | $10,000-100,000), fine we'll make a trigger that resets after
         | every shot and your finger will be primed for the next one.
         | Barrel is under 16"? There is this thing called an arm brace
         | (legal for now... sigh). Barrel is under 16" and you want a
         | suppressor? Well if you weld the suppressor on, pay the tax
         | stamp, technically it's over 16" so you're good.
        
         | thrashh wrote:
         | It's kind of like a little speeding on the highway. In many
         | places, a lot of people are OK with it and the risk of being
         | ticketed is very low. Yet in other places, it is not OK.
         | 
         | Something being on paper is basically meaningless. It's all the
         | "soft" cues that we use and you pick up those cues through
         | experience.
        
           | throwaway0a5e wrote:
           | I find it amusing that you compare to traffic.
           | 
           | Traffic is one of the other things that HN "just doesn't get"
           | because the rules are fuzzy and the fuzziness is contextual.
        
         | mod50ack wrote:
         | The thing you must realize is that despite prohibition public
         | attitude soured on it very quickly and many judges and
         | politicians were themselves partaking in prohibited alcohol.
         | And the situation cannot be compared with marijuana; it was on
         | a whole different magnitude.
        
           | gwbas1c wrote:
           | Back the the defense could ask for Jury nullification. Now
           | the defense can't.
        
         | TylerE wrote:
         | There are a number of other examples...
         | 
         | Like the companies selling whip cream chargers by the case of
         | 600... You know, for the people that need to make whipped cream
         | by the gallon at home.
        
           | tcj_phx wrote:
           | One of these cream whippers came into my hands recently. It
           | came with a box of 10 chargers, where 1 was missing. I
           | speculate the owner used their new cream whipper once and
           | decided it was too much work to clean. After ~20 years they
           | gave it to the non-profit's yard sale, where I found it.
           | 
           | One charger cartridge is good for maybe a pint of whipped
           | cream. You'd need 4+ chargers for a gallon of whipped cream.
           | A restaurant could easily go through 50 chargers a week.
           | 
           | https://www.amazon.com/iSi-Professional-Whipped-Cream-
           | Charge...
        
             | thom wrote:
        
             | awild wrote:
             | GP was being facetious. The cartridges are a known way to
             | get high of nitrous oxide. e.g.:
             | https://youtu.be/q7Xse0E_SzA?t=440
        
           | raverbashing wrote:
           | Bakeries do exist and bulk orders do make sense for them.
        
             | mark-r wrote:
             | Why would a bakery use nitrous oxide for whipped cream
             | instead of the old fashioned way, actual whipping?
        
               | themikesanto wrote:
               | Using nitrous to make the whipped cream is instantaneous
               | and doesn't wear your arms out.
               | 
               | Most coffee shops use these as well to make whipped cream
               | for drinks.
        
               | mark-r wrote:
               | Wearing your arms out wouldn't be a problem in a bakery
               | that's properly equipped, there are machines for that.
               | 
               | I can definitely see the use case in a coffee shop
               | though.
        
               | sphynxie wrote:
               | Every Starbucks in the world uses them.
        
           | _fat_santa wrote:
           | For everyone thinking of legitimate reasons to purchase this.
           | Keep in mind that you would mostly buy this stuff at a smoke
           | shop. You're not going to a smoke shop for baking supplies...
        
             | jaywalk wrote:
             | > You're not going to a smoke shop for baking supplies
             | 
             | Why not? I've seen people go to a smoke shop to buy weird
             | decorative vases before.
        
           | db65edfc7996 wrote:
           | For anyone else who was clueless, whip cream chargers are a
           | source of nitrous oxide.
        
             | galaxyLogic wrote:
             | Nitrous oxide, is that the same thing as "mad oxygen"?
        
               | capableweb wrote:
               | I've heard it being called many things, but not
               | specifically "mad oxygen", but commonly "laughing gas".
               | https://erowid.org/chemicals/nitrous/nitrous.shtml
        
             | twirlock wrote:
        
         | refurb wrote:
         | Prohibition never had widespread support. People were able to
         | stock up prior to enactment, there were allowances for
         | religious and medicinal use. People made their own alcohol
         | before prohibition and did so after enactment. Enforcement was
         | mostly the "big busts" but it petered out pretty quickly.
         | 
         | So not surprisingly something being illegal or not isn't the
         | critical factor, it's the willingness to enforce the law (e.g.
         | marijuana was essentially legal in SF well before the law was
         | changed - you could smoke on the street and the cops wouldn't
         | do anything).
        
           | rdtsc wrote:
           | Yeah that makes sense to me. Wouldn't be surprised if the
           | officials were themselves buying those wine bricks by the
           | box.
           | 
           | So this could work in general in cases where at a high level
           | (federal) the legislation satisfies some puritanical
           | ideological goals, but individually, or at the local/state
           | level, nobody really buys into it so its enforcement is so
           | so.
        
         | gwd wrote:
         | The fact is, making home alcohol is super easy. Yeast is
         | omnipresent, and are happy to eat basically any sugar. Wild
         | yeast won't get you alcohol concentrations in the 15-20% like
         | commercial yeasts will, but can easily go up to 8-12%. Apples,
         | grape juice, honey + raisins will all easily make you hard
         | cider, wine, and mead, respectively. If you have a freezer, you
         | can even use freeze distillation to increase the ABV. Banning
         | all ingredients that _could be made into alcohol_ is completely
         | impractical.
        
           | masklinn wrote:
           | Til you can get 20% out of fermentation, I always thought the
           | limit was about 16 since that's the top end for beer and
           | wine.
           | 
           | Is it because starch yeasts can keep on keeping further than
           | glucose ones?
        
             | ginko wrote:
             | It's the yeast strains. Some can survive higher alcohol
             | concentrations than others.
             | 
             | For instance this[1] one can achieve up to 25% under right
             | conditions.
             | 
             | [1] https://www.whitelabs.com/yeast-
             | single?id=146&type=YEAST&sty...
             | 
             | No yeast can digest starches afaik. It's why you need a
             | mashing phase to turn starches into simpler sugars when
             | brewing beer.
        
               | sebcat wrote:
               | Though there are cultures of yeast and bacteria where the
               | bacteria breaks down the starches to sugars which in turn
               | gets eaten by the yeast.
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Q%C5%AB
        
               | ginko wrote:
               | That's aspergillus oryzae, which is a mold though.
        
               | ineedasername wrote:
               | I've heard that can be pretty harsh, though I'd be
               | curious to know how it might fair with a little bit of
               | aging, say 6-12 months. It requires a bit more
               | handholding of the batch as well, but there are turbo
               | yeasts that will get to ~14% in 24-48 hours.
               | 
               | I've also come across "triple distilled" turbo yeast
               | that's supposed to be less harsh but not as high ABV.
        
             | YawningAngel wrote:
             | https://www.whitelabs.com/yeast-
             | single?id=146&type=YEAST&sty...
             | 
             | I dunno how it works but apparently you can get to 25%
        
       | tptacek wrote:
       | _Warning: After dissolving the brick in a gallon of water, do not
       | place the liquid in a jug away in the cupboard for twenty days
       | because then it would turn into wine._
        
       | mrtweetyhack wrote:
        
       | franciscop wrote:
       | > the note would continue with a warning instructing you not to
       | leave that jug in the cool cupboard for 21 days, or it would turn
       | into wine
       | 
       | I read (cannot find the source now though) that's similar to
       | today's homemade alcohol/beer in Japan, where there's a limit of
       | what % of alcohol you can make at home. So all the official
       | instructions include a last step: "mix in water until the alcohol
       | percentage is below the legal limit". Of course people just
       | ignore this to have stronger alcohol.
        
       | black6 wrote:
       | The calculus book my university used was a loose-leaf "custom
       | edition" which came in shrink wrap. My cal IV prof told the class
       | first day: "I cannot advise you to go down to the copy shop and
       | run off copies of the relevant chapters for your friends. That
       | would be theft and is illegal. Again, I cannot recommend that you
       | go down to the copy shop next to Pizza Hut on Jackson Avenue and
       | run off copies of the relevant chapters for your friends. That is
       | _illegal_. "
        
       | bruce511 wrote:
       | One cool thing about the pandemic is that many countries took the
       | opportunity to run large-scale social experiments under the guise
       | of Covid Restrictions. I expect social scientists will be digging
       | into this data for years to come.
       | 
       | One experiment in South Africa was banning the sale, or
       | transportation, of alcohol. (Production and consumption was still
       | allowed, just not sale or transportation.) This resulted in a
       | marked decrease in hospital admissions, traffic accidents and
       | domestic crimes. [1]
       | 
       | The ban would morph during the first year of Covid, alternately
       | covering things like trading hours, availability in restaurants
       | and so on. Some restrictions were more effective than others, and
       | overall effectiveness decreased as the population got smarter
       | about stocking up with sufficient quantities to bypass any
       | restrictions.
       | 
       | Even the hint of restrictions now (such as was rumored to happen,
       | but did not happen, when Omicron was first recognized) resulted
       | in huge surges of sales. Generally speaking though more
       | restrictions resulted in fewer hospital admissions.
       | 
       | Clearly prohibition taught us that a blanket ban on alcohol just
       | incentivizes organized crime. So it's not like a long-term ban is
       | useful. But the effects of lowering alcohol consumption are also
       | clear. Balancing these two very conflicting points of view is
       | going to be a challenge for society as we move forward. [2]
       | 
       | [1] Clearly not all decreases are solely because of this, less
       | traffic means fewer accidents for example, but it's considered to
       | be a high contributing factor.
       | 
       | [2] https://businesstech.co.za/news/government/547654/what-
       | all-t...
        
         | Terry_Roll wrote:
         | >One cool thing about the pandemic is that many countries took
         | the opportunity to run large-scale social experiments under the
         | guise of Covid Restrictions. I expect social scientists will be
         | digging into this data for years to come.
         | 
         | So I wonder how much was learnt from the error rates and signal
         | strength variations from wifi enabled devices in a phased array
         | radar setup in order to track human beings walking around their
         | homes. I wonder what patterns were discovered and if it was
         | possible to discover when arguments and falling outs showed up.
         | What other data was garnered that could predict certain
         | behaviours?
         | 
         | I also wonder what would be discovered which will help with the
         | isolation of space travel, like limited human contact, small
         | human group dynamics, things like that.
        
         | mmmpop wrote:
         | "Interesting" perhaps... but our definitions of "cool" vary
         | widely.
        
           | bruce511 wrote:
           | Cool because data is always cool :)
           | 
           | More seriously,because it would simply be impossible to run
           | these social experiments in normal circumstances.
           | 
           | There are other examples; New Zealand and Australia tested a
           | "closed border" approach, Sweden adopted a "personal
           | responsibility" approach. Some places had curfews. The shere
           | variety and scale of the last two years have generated
           | enormous amounts of data, and matching data to long-term
           | consequences will keep anthropologists busy for years.
           | 
           | And just might inform better choices when the next one
           | happens.
        
             | urthor wrote:
             | The closed border approach had fascinating consequences.
             | 
             | Little impact on many factors that had previously been put
             | down to population growth.
             | 
             | It decisively proved that overcrowded infrastructure and
             | inflated house prices were definitively supply side
             | problems, rather than demand side problems.
        
               | temp8604 wrote:
               | Not sure that was proved at all - at least where I live,
               | demand was almost certainly propped up by significant
               | numbers of cashed up people in the prime of their working
               | life selling up overseas and buying property when moving
               | home. borders would need to be closed for longer to allow
               | that affect to work out before you could truly see how it
               | would be without immigration.
        
             | mmmpop wrote:
             | >> Cool because data is always cool :)
             | 
             | Tell that to the families that had loved ones in the Unit
             | 731 experiments?
             | 
             | I'm just saying that by prefacing something with "well
             | since we're in a state of tyranny it would be neat to [do a
             | thing]"... it doesn't always fly and not all data is
             | necessary to have when it comes at a cost of human lives.
        
               | bruce511 wrote:
               | I feel maybe too much is being read into the word
               | "experiment". I meant it in a hypothesis-action-result
               | sense.
               | 
               | Every action taken by every govt was in effect an
               | experiment since nothing of this sort had occurred in
               | living memory, and past instances occurred in a very
               | different world.
               | 
               | In SA there was a hypothesis that reducing the burden on
               | the health sector was a priority, and that a significant
               | contributing factor to hospital load was alcohol, hence
               | limiting alcohol consumption (via limiting sales) was
               | worth testing.
               | 
               | The experiment upheld the hypothesis, but at the same
               | time highlighted negative impacts on the alcohol sector
               | as a whole. To determine the best hospital outcome, while
               | balancing industry requirements, a number of approaches
               | short of an outright ban were tested. These outcomes will
               | likely influence policy moving forward and equally
               | provide important data for the next time hospitals need
               | to be protected in this way.
               | 
               | New Zealand experimented with a sealed border, and
               | eradication approach (successful), Australia did the same
               | with somewhat less success. Again the impacts of those
               | policies can be studied for sometime to come.
               | 
               | The opposite of these experiments was to experiment by
               | doing nothing (Sweden for example) - even doing nothing
               | was an experiment.
               | 
               | I'm not saying covid was fun, or that the very real human
               | cost should be minimised, but clearly some countries
               | fared better than others. Being able to understand why
               | that is the case will be really important next time.
        
             | inter_netuser wrote:
             | For some, data is not needed to figure out that tyranny
             | isn't worth investigating.
        
               | bruce511 wrote:
               | I think possibly we have different definitions of tyranny
        
               | eggsbenedict wrote:
               | >many countries took the opportunity to run large-scale
               | social experiments under the guise of Covid Restrictions
               | 
               | Regardless of how you define tyranny, how can you be so
               | blithely supportive of rule-by-decree in supposed
               | democracies? Especially for the purpose of running
               | "social experiments?"
               | 
               | Covid Restrictions gained the grudging mandate of the
               | masses, and in many places only by a hair, due to
               | legitimate public-health concerns. Even in that context
               | the subversion of legislative processes should be
               | concerning. Running "experiments" on a non-consenting
               | populace is at least the definition of dictatorship or
               | oligarchy, if the word tyranny doesn't work for you.
        
               | sdoering wrote:
               | > how can you be so blithely supportive of rule-by-decree
               | in supposed democracies
               | 
               | Because that is the reason we life in a democracy with
               | checks and balances implemented. In Germany some decrees
               | were canceled by our (up to the highest) courts, others
               | were declared to be in line with the constitution.
               | 
               | We elect officials (setting the policy) every four years
               | to rule us in our name. So we hand them the right and the
               | power to "rule-by-decree" as long as they do not leave
               | the grounds of the constitution (and we have courts to
               | check against that).
               | 
               | > for the purpose of running "social experiments?"
               | 
               | I actually think (and believe) that most politicians in
               | most countries tried to safe people. As much people as
               | possible while also taking other factors like the economy
               | and the health sector and stuff into account. And yes:
               | They overshot sometimes. Yes, they made massive mistakes.
               | Yes, they sometimes filled their own (or buddies')
               | pockets. Yes, the more this pandemic progresses the less
               | I think our politicians really know what they are doing.
               | 
               | But I never felt, that policies were implemented for the
               | purpose of running an experiment. But the different
               | implementations now offer the possibility to learn from
               | them for the future. Like scientists looking at different
               | implementations of daylight savings time and learning
               | from that. Or different implementations of regulations
               | regarding wearing helmets while driving motorcycles,
               | regarding seat belt usage or even regarding the ability
               | for contraception and abortion.
               | 
               | The fact that we are allowed to disagree and publicly
               | argue against restrictions, to challenge them in court
               | imho shows that we are living in a democracy.
               | 
               | But yeah - keep going on arguing about a straw man (that
               | nobody but you put in place) like:
               | 
               | > Running "experiments" on a non-consenting populace is
               | at least the definition of dictatorship or oligarchy, if
               | the word tyranny doesn't work for you.
        
               | eggsbenedict wrote:
               | No, I was specifically responding to the person who said
               | that it was "cool" that governments used covid
               | resstrictions as a pretext for running "social
               | experiments." I am specifically quoting an individual,
               | not creating a strawman. Read the comment thread I was
               | taking part in carefully for evidence.
               | 
               | For what it's worth, I think many of the covid
               | restrictions were at the time believed to be necessary
               | measures, but that's actually not the debate that's
               | taking place here.
        
               | bruce511 wrote:
               | They were "experiments" in the sense that the actual
               | outcomes were predicted (or not) but in normal times
               | would be difficult to achieve at scale.
               | 
               | I'm not suggesting that they were unrelated to the issue
               | at hand - and I'm not implying they were unethical.
               | 
               | I believe most govts acted in good faith, with limited
               | information, and (quite literally) no experience to draw
               | on. Even today we don't really know what the "best
               | approach" was, what we can say though is that a future
               | pandemic will have better data to work with.
               | 
               | Had all countries had the exact same response we would
               | not really know if what we did was best or not. Lockdown,
               | travel restrictions, alcohol bans, closure of businesses,
               | closure of sport, limited social mobility, police
               | enforcement, no enforcement - all these and more were
               | tried in one place or another.
               | 
               | They were experiments with forseen, and unforseen
               | consequences.
               | 
               | Sure there was over-reach here and there, but for the
               | most part it was a best effort response from no known
               | experience.
               | 
               | I don't believe it could be called tyrannical.
        
               | bruce511 wrote:
               | Not to minimise your experience, but in most countries
               | the actions were not politicised as they were in the US,
               | and were applied to a very much consenting populace.
               | 
               | It was understood this was a temporary health emergency,
               | and the primary goal was to save lives. In most places,
               | most people, saw this as a fair trade-off - and least in
               | the immediate term.
               | 
               | One interesting analysis in years to come will be the
               | effect of politisizing a health emergency as a party-
               | political event, as distinct from there being broad
               | political consensus to the action taken.
        
         | vmception wrote:
         | > This resulted in a marked decrease in hospital admissions,
         | traffic accidents and domestic crimes.
         | 
         | That was the same worldwide because nobody was outside.
         | 
         | Holy retcon, Batman!
        
           | bruce511 wrote:
           | Yes, so it's not the only cause, but the reductions in SA
           | were like 65% compared to the UK at about 25%
        
             | thrashh wrote:
             | But your article also says that SA has major issues with
             | the regulation of alcohol consumption, issues that do not
             | exist in a country like the US (according to the article).
        
           | bobthepanda wrote:
           | Traffic accidents actually went up in the US.
           | https://www.latimes.com/world-
           | nation/story/2021-12-08/traffi...
           | 
           | Generally speaking, emptier roads encourage more speeding and
           | reckless driving, increasing the severity of car accidents.
        
             | zxcvbn4038 wrote:
             | The miles really melt away when your doing 160, love those
             | open roads and wide curves in the southwest. Yeh
             | Eisenhower! :)
             | 
             | The biggest problem I run into is two lane highways where
             | the semi trucks constantly block the left lane going just
             | at the speed limit while trying to pass other semis in the
             | right lane going just under the speed limit - literally a
             | 1mph difference between the two. The speed limit for cars
             | is 10mph above the truck limit but your lucky to do the
             | truck limit consistently. California was particularly bad
             | in that regard.
             | 
             | People from Oaklahoma are also a constant scourge on the
             | road, they can not tolerate someone going faster then them,
             | so if you try to pass on the left they will pull in front
             | of you and bumble along at the speed limit or one mile over
             | (def a culture thing, cops in OK have a zero tolerance
             | policy for speeding, no margin, regardless of conditions,
             | passing, etc.). On an open road you can just pass them on
             | the right but in any moderate traffic they cause a lot of
             | problems. Check the plates the next time someone does that,
             | pattern isn't hard to see.
             | 
             | Roads in West Virginia are basically paved over goat
             | trails, I watched some douche in a pickup take a blind 5
             | mph turn at about 85mph trying to blow past a small sedan
             | he obviously thought was going to slow and wedged himself
             | in a stream about forty feet beyond the road. Luckily
             | nobody was coming the other way around he turn or it could
             | have been really tragic.
        
             | bsza wrote:
             | The US isn't the litmus test of everything though. In the
             | EU, road deaths dropped sharply in 2020.
             | https://etsc.eu/euroadsafetydata/
        
               | llampx wrote:
               | The EU had wider scale lockdowns that lasted longer,
               | IIRC.
        
             | vmception wrote:
             | Guess we should have banned alcohol again.
        
             | pja wrote:
             | That's down to US road design I suspect: Wide multi lane
             | roads with clear sight lines encourage drivers to think
             | it's safe to go very fast. If these roads are normally
             | congested with traffic then you don't see this downside,
             | but when traffic dropped during the pandemic & it became
             | possible to drive far too fast on these roads that's
             | exactly what happened, with the inevitable consequences.
        
             | llampx wrote:
             | I noticed a bigger increase in
             | www.reddit.com/r/IdiotsInCars submissions in the last year
             | or so. People are really driving like idiots in traffic,
             | let alone what they do on empty roads in the middle of
             | nowhere.
             | 
             | Looks to me like there's a general societal breakdown, also
             | looking at the proliferation of videos of people walking
             | out of stores with stuff they didn't pay for.
        
         | int_19h wrote:
         | It's not like the Prohibition was the first or the last such
         | attempt. The one I'm personally familiar with was Gorbachev's
         | anti-alcohol campaign. It was also beneficial on paper, with
         | statistically significant improvements in average health etc.
         | But it was similarly flouted in practice. My family lived in an
         | apartment in panel housing at the time, and if you went out
         | onto the balcony and looked around, every balcony around you
         | had some kind of glass flask or jar brewing fruit wine.
         | 
         | The question you should be asking wrt South Africa is how
         | they're enforcing the ban on sales - because people will sell
         | regardless. The general problem with any kind of ban that goes
         | against what a significant part of the society enjoys is that
         | it either goes most unenforced, weakening the rule of law in
         | general; or is mostly enforced, and then you end up ruining
         | numerous lives by running them through the law enforcement
         | grinder.
        
         | cactusmatt wrote:
         | That's interesting. In my state in the US, government took an
         | opposite approach due to the pandemic to where now cocktails
         | can be ordered "to-go" and curbside. It started as an emergency
         | order and was recently passed as law.
        
         | kumarvvr wrote:
         | The thing about human psychology is that if you tell someone
         | _not_ to do something, especially something that is not
         | outright harmful to themselves or others, they will yearn to do
         | it.
         | 
         | The answer to alcoholism is to de-glamorize it. Young
         | impressionable minds are susceptible to such glamorization.
         | 
         | If governments around the world are seriously committed to
         | reduce alcohol consumption, better shun it, rather than putting
         | in laws to prohibit or restrict it.
         | 
         | Ultimately, if the people reject it, it will come down. And
         | that is the only way it works.
        
           | flatiron wrote:
           | I wonder if they simply banned alcohol advertising what the
           | effect would be. That was a big thing for tobacco in the 90s.
           | I still remember "joe cool" the camel on the back of my
           | parents magazines.
        
             | kumarvvr wrote:
             | You can see a general non-acceptance of smoking in public.
             | There has been a consistent decrease in the number of
             | smokers, in absolute terms over time.
        
             | mark-r wrote:
             | I still remember the jingle from the Camel ads on TV, which
             | were outlawed in 1971.
        
         | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | Haemm0r wrote:
       | Similar story: https://de.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datenklo
       | 
       | Assembly instructions: "And now never ever connect pin x and pin
       | y, because then you'd have a working modem, which would be
       | illigal...
        
         | JoeAltmaier wrote:
         | An old Heathkit radio set had a red wire that you put a tag on
         | that said something like "Do not remove this wire, or this
         | radio set could broadcast on HAM radio frequencies which would
         | be illegal unless properly licensed!"
        
         | galaxyLogic wrote:
         | Or cryptography. It used to be illegal as well, right?
        
           | dagw wrote:
           | It was illegal to export certain classes of cryptography
           | software. It was however never illegal to export books about
           | that software. So what they did was publish a hardback book
           | about the algorithm [1], which contained the entire source
           | code of the software. This book was then freely sold all
           | around the world. Now all you had to do was scan and OCR the
           | relevant pages, cat together the resulting files and compile.
           | All perfectly legal.
           | 
           | I remember there being distributed proof-reading groups on
           | Usenet and IRC where you would get 1 page of OCR'd text and
           | the corresponding scanned image and you would manually go
           | through and verify and correct the source code.
           | 
           | [1] https://books.google.com/books/about/PGP_Source_Code_and_
           | Int...
        
           | philjohn wrote:
           | The export certainly was - but the 1A provided a loophole -
           | they printed the code for PGP into book form, sent THAT
           | overseas then scanned and OCRd it.
        
           | cestith wrote:
           | I have a tattoo of an encryption routine, partly as a
           | protest. Unfortunately I changed it at the last minute to
           | make it look cooler and introduced a bug.
           | 
           | Here's the entire proper Perl 5 code:                   undef
           | $/;print<>$<>
           | 
           | The buggy version is slightly shorter but I depended on an
           | incorrect reading of some tricky wording in the docs and
           | didn't test thoroughly enough. I'm considering turning the
           | tattoo into a diff.
           | 
           | I recommend Crypto by Steven Levy as a high-level refresher
           | on the events of the time. (https://www.bookfinder.com/search
           | /?isbn=9780670859504&st=xl&...)
        
             | ineedasername wrote:
             | I'd be afraid that a bug in Perl-- revealed years later--
             | might render my arm open to compromises. Some new fuzzing
             | method comes around and all of a sudden my arm is
             | unencrypted for all the world to access.
        
       | Syonyk wrote:
       | I'm always reminded of the bit from The Incredibles:
       | 
       |  _BOB PARR: All right, listen closely. I 'd like to help you, but
       | I can't. I'd like to tell you to take a copy of your policy to
       | Norma Wilcox on... Norma Wilcox. W-I-L-C-O-X. On the third floor.
       | But I can't. I also do not advise you to fill out and file a
       | WS2475 form with our legal department on the second floor. I
       | wouldn't expect someone to get back to you quickly to resolve the
       | matter. I'd like to help, but there's nothing I can do._
        
         | detaro wrote:
         | as always, tvtropes has a page for more examples from fiction,
         | although the above is the lead example:
         | 
         | https://tvtropes.org/pmwiki/pmwiki.php/Main/CouldSayItBut
        
         | boogies wrote:
         | Offtopic, but The Incredibles has one of my favorite movie
         | quotes:
         | 
         |  _You always say "Be true to yourself", but you never say which
         | part of yourself to be true to!_
         | 
         | ... which stuck in my head because so many Disney (and other?)
         | movies seem to be all about being "true to yourself," and in my
         | experience they conspicuously fail to address the fact (in my
         | belief system) that all humans have both good and evil, selfish
         | and selfless within (we're born screaming, demanding others'
         | attention; but even in the womb we listen to and begin to love
         | familiar people, and in many situations we sacrifice much for
         | our loved ones and even strangers).
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | It's "just be yourself" all over again. What if my unmasked
           | self is an aloof prick? It's just stupid. "Just be
           | yourself... no not like that... wait not like that!"
        
             | phasersout wrote:
             | That's what I always say... Be yourself? I'm terrible and I
             | get nothing done! I spent my whole life trying NOT to be
             | myself...
        
           | hprotagonist wrote:
           | _Thoroughly worldly people never understand even the world;
           | they rely altogether on a few cynical maxims which are not
           | true. Once I remember walking with a prosperous publisher,
           | who made a remark which I had often heard before; it is,
           | indeed, almost a motto of the modern world. Yet I had heard
           | it once too often, and I saw suddenly that there was nothing
           | in it. The publisher said of somebody, "That man will get on;
           | he believes in himself." And I remember that as I lifted my
           | head to listen, my eye caught an omnibus on which was written
           | "Hanwell." I said to him, "Shall I tell you where the men are
           | who believe most in themselves? For I can tell you. I know of
           | men who believe in themselves more colossally than Napoleon
           | or Caesar. I know where flames the fixed star of certainty
           | and success. I can guide you to the thrones of the Super-men.
           | The men who really believe in themselves are all in lunatic
           | asylums."_ chesterton
        
           | galaxyLogic wrote:
           | A related question, why is voting considered "good"?
           | 
           | Your vote is good if you vote for good people and good
           | policies. Yes. But if a person votes for bad people and bad
           | policies, then I don't see what's so good about it.
           | 
           | Voting in general however I believe is good because it makes
           | people be part of the system, and feel they are part of it.
           | 
           | And so, if voting is good, maybe we should have more voting.
        
             | lnxg33k1 wrote:
             | Is there good or bad voting? I think democracy is about
             | representing interests, if a number of people have an
             | interest that is against the interest of someone else, does
             | that make it wrong or bad? yeah I mean bad from your
             | interest point of view, but not from a global point of view
             | 
             | I think the woke culture is a bit flawed, because if there
             | is something that is objectively bad, and something that is
             | objectively good, why even have democracy at all? Let's
             | just put there the sun king and move on?
        
             | indigochill wrote:
             | > But if a person votes for bad people and bad policies...
             | 
             | The entire point of voting is that you are allowed to vote
             | for whoever is running. Of course, the notion of a "bad
             | policy" is as old as voting itself, but the noblest
             | democracies are those which don't judge people for voting
             | as they see fit, or else what's the point of voting at all?
             | Just appoint a righteous elite to do all the political
             | appointments for you.
             | 
             | However, just as there's been no consistently wise
             | electorate, neither has there been a consistently wise
             | elite class. In the end, in both cases, the best you can do
             | politically is build a bulwark against corruption because
             | you can't avoid it, which is why the stablest governments
             | are the ones that make the job of the highest political
             | seats as difficult as possible to actually do anything and
             | put the bulk of the power in the hands of committees that
             | have to argue about things to come to a decision.
             | 
             | > And so, if voting is good, maybe we should have more
             | voting.
             | 
             | Voting on its own is not inherently good. Plenty of
             | dictatorships operate under the guise of voting, where
             | either candidates opposing the ruling party are entirely
             | absent or voting for them is punishable in various ways
             | (which is why the political polarization in the west is
             | particularly chilling). There are plenty of "People's
             | republics" out there that are neither republics nor
             | representative of the people (unless, perhaps, you narrowly
             | define "people", as the US originally did).
             | 
             | What is arguably good (at least in the liberal western
             | mind) is maintaining a system of political friction (checks
             | and balances) that ensure different parts of the government
             | are effective limiters on each other's authority to make it
             | as difficult as possible for a tyrant to seize control. IMO
             | Trump was a pretty solid litmus test of the resilience of
             | the American government against tyrannical takeover.
             | 
             | The downside of this, as we're seeing the recent
             | competition between east and west, is that tyranny can be
             | much more effective at getting stuff done than democracy
             | can hope to be, at least in the short term. However, strong
             | tyrants still die and eventually a weak tyrant takes their
             | place and the country falls apart.
             | 
             | The (theoretical) strength of representative government is
             | that it outlives any one or handful of strong rulers. I say
             | theoretical because technically ancient Egypt's history
             | spans more years than the entirety of human history after
             | Christ (so far), but as can be seen in their history, they
             | had plenty of royal family squabbles and foreign invasions
             | in that time. How they retained national cohesion through
             | it all would be an interesting study.
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | > ancient Egypt's history spans more years than the
               | entirety of human history after Christ (so far), but as
               | can be seen in their history, they had plenty of royal
               | family squabbles and foreign invasions in that time. How
               | they retained national cohesion through it all would be
               | an interesting study.
               | 
               | Generally attributed to Egypt's relatively high
               | population density at the time. They grew a lot of grain.
               | They had a lot of people.
        
               | User23 wrote:
               | > The entire point of voting is that you are allowed to
               | vote for whoever is running.
               | 
               | There's the rub. In the United States we're permitted to
               | choose from either one or two candidates, both of whom
               | have been sponsored by one of two national private clubs
               | or one of their local chapters. You will not see any
               | mention of nominations or political parties anywhere in
               | the US Constitution, and yet that's the system that
               | determines who is eligible to run. In California a single
               | club controls who is permitted to run for most local and
               | all national offices.
               | 
               | It's so obviously kayfabe that I'm baffled that there are
               | rubes out there who think this is a real choice anymore
               | than picking "any" card from a magician's deck is.
               | 
               | It also ought to make one wonder who exactly the first
               | person plural is in that overworked phrase "our
               | democracy."
        
             | Tade0 wrote:
             | > Your vote is good if you vote for good people and good
             | policies. Yes. But if a person votes for bad people and bad
             | policies, then I don't see what's so good about it.
             | 
             | Democracy is a means of securing regular, peaceful power
             | transitions. Whether the outcome is particularly good or
             | bad is not relevant, because all power is transient.
             | 
             | The alternative is a civil war/revolution every now and
             | then.
        
               | vzcx wrote:
               | Voting as a simulated war where the armies show up, get
               | counted, but don't actually fight makes sense to me as an
               | analogy, but doesn't this break down when you add the
               | notion of universal suffrage to the equation? That is, if
               | you have large fraction of the voting population who
               | would be worse than useless in an actual battle, doesn't
               | the output of the simulation start to drift from reality?
        
           | yanmaani wrote:
           | C.S. Lewis:
           | 
           | > The most dangerous thing you can do is to take any one
           | impulse of your own nature and set it up as the thing you
           | ought to follow at all costs. There is not one of them which
           | will not make us into devils if we set it up as an absolute
           | guide. You might think love of humanity in general was safe,
           | but it is not. If you leave out justice you will find
           | yourself breaking agreements and faking evidence in trials
           | "for the sake of humanity," and become in the end a cruel and
           | treacherous man.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | cgio wrote:
           | And the villain quote along the lines of "if we are all
           | superheroes then no one is a superhero".
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | It's an accessible entrance into things like entropy, or to
             | think about subjects like eugenics (if we're remove genetic
             | diversity there will be no racism) or wrongthink (if nobody
             | has these bad ideas we would all live in harmony).
             | 
             | DISCLAIMER: this is not an invitation to start debating
             | these subjects, these are just crudely picked examples.
        
               | robbomacrae wrote:
               | Well.. if you post on an internet forum it kind of IS an
               | invitation to debate. I have a crazy relative who likes
               | to make controversial speeches and then yell "you don't
               | have to reply!" as if it insulates him from feedback.
               | 
               | I'm sure most are aware but your description about
               | eugenics is a bit off. It seems like you are putting a
               | positive slant on it or suggesting thats the goal,
               | whether intentional or not. Eugenics is about denying a
               | class of humans (however you classify that class) from
               | the ability to reproduce. This is highly unethical and
               | given our tendency to classify on race, usually
               | associated with racist agendas (such as the Nazis). I had
               | to look up Wrongthink but it seems to be a term the Alt-
               | Right is introducing... possible a play on thoughtcrime
               | and newspeak (both Orwell) to defend their controversial
               | opinions [0].
               | 
               | 0: https://www.thetimes.co.uk/article/alt-right-has-a-
               | word-for-...
        
               | stragies wrote:
               | I recall "Wrongthink" having been in use for decades to
               | decry ideas you dislike, whatever the cause or position
               | on the political spectrum. It saw a remarkable uptick in
               | usage after the 2001 movie "minority report", at least in
               | my perception.
        
             | BoxOfRain wrote:
             | Syndrome being the villain always kind of struck me as the
             | film trying to defend social hierarchies in a sense. You
             | have a hereditary caste of pretty volatile magical beings
             | upon whom the defence of humanity depends and the person
             | trying to remove that dependency in a way that's accessible
             | to anyone regardless of what they're born as is the _bad_
             | guy? We can debate capitalism until the cows come home but
             | anyone being able to buy powers is still a step up from
             | either being born into them or not.
             | 
             | He's a total arse don't get me wrong, but baseline humanity
             | using nothing but its wits and hard work to make 'heroes'
             | who inherited their powers obsolete is a sentiment I don't
             | imagine is too alien to the readers of HN.
        
               | spywaregorilla wrote:
               | Marvel touched on this a bit with the recent falcon
               | series, with a main part of the plot being that
               | superheroes are just conceptually bad because it leads to
               | supremacists. I think this is good, and its important to
               | do this with a nuance beyond people just going stupid
               | evil because they can't be stopped.
               | 
               | The anime Mob Psycho 100 goes into this idea heavily and
               | its really great.
        
               | echion wrote:
               | > Syndrome being the villain [is a bit of] trying to
               | defend social hierarchies
               | 
               | He's a villain because he's trying to _replace_ the
               | hereditary caste by violence, and by consuming them. The
               | tension is there outside of him -- and Mr. Incredible is
               | a bit of an arse to Billy at first -- but it 's his
               | means, not his ends, that are the problem.
        
               | easton wrote:
               | The movie brings this up by Dash making the same point
               | when he's in the car with his mom in the first part of
               | the movie.
        
             | bitwize wrote:
             | "When everyone is super... no one will be."
             | 
             | The incredible (heh) thing about this is that _My Hero
             | Academia_ answers it. In the world of MHA, nearly everyone
             | has a superpower, or Quirk, of some sort; but superheroes
             | are still a distinct class of professionals who have honed
             | their quirks through training and, in general, developed
             | courage, self-sacrifice, and inner resolve way beyond even
             | the average superhuman. The greatest heroes distinguish
             | themselves by exemplifying these values the most (though
             | having powerful awesome Quirks helps). It was the perfect
             | thing to come along at a point of maximum capeshit
             | saturation.
        
           | Tade0 wrote:
           | > we're born screaming, demanding others' attention;
           | 
           | I wouldn't say "demanding". During the first weeks you
           | actually have to wake up the newborn for feeding, otherwise
           | you're running the risk of malnourishment.
           | 
           | They're so utterly helpless, confused and tired that they can
           | fall asleep even when hungry.
        
             | Cthulhu_ wrote:
             | > They're so utterly helpless, confused and tired that they
             | can fall asleep even when hungry.
             | 
             | I never grew out of that, lol
        
             | telesilla wrote:
             | Oh boy, not all babies..
        
       | jameslk wrote:
       | I'm very curious how this tasted and I wonder why there isn't
       | anyone selling them anymore (based on a quick Google search).
       | 
       | If it tasted half decent I'm curious if there could still be a
       | market for something like this, given it seems to be able to be
       | stored dry?
        
         | dagw wrote:
         | You can still buy something like this in Sweden. They sell it
         | at my local food store (food stores cannot sell alcohol above
         | 3.5% in Sweden). I, uh I mean a friend, might have tried it
         | when in high school and it tasted not great, but not so bad you
         | couldn't drink it. And honestly, I've had worse 'real' wine in
         | my life.
        
         | gwd wrote:
         | > I wonder why there isn't anyone selling them anymore
         | 
         | Google "wine kit" instead; they have plastic packages of grape
         | juice rather than solidified wine bricks. I've never tried one,
         | because there's so many interesting things you can make without
         | pre-packaged ingredients. So far I've made ginger wine,
         | elderflower wine, cranberry wine, and chocolate mead. It's been
         | a really fun hobby.
        
         | istjohn wrote:
         | Fermenting alcohol that tastes good is not easy enough to
         | justify a mass market product. Furthermore, why buy this when
         | you can just buy cheap boxed wine that probably tastes much
         | better than whatever you would get from fermenting
         | reconstituted dry grape concentrate?
        
           | sdenton4 wrote:
           | I've often made one gallon batches of mead; it's pretty
           | simple, and wine (if you don't get too fancy) is a similar
           | level of difficulty.
           | 
           | IME, one gallon batches about two hours of work from start to
           | a clean kitchen. Five gallon batches take much longer to cool
           | after boiling, so are a much bigger headache.
        
             | rndgermandude wrote:
             | Yeah, my late grandpa after he retired used to grow some
             | grapes and make wine out of that on his small hobbyist
             | gardening parcel[0]. And at least by the time I grew old
             | enough to be allowed to drink it, he had become good enough
             | at it that it was quite enjoyable and vastly better than
             | cheap boxed or bottled wines in my humble opinion.
             | 
             | His output was like 30 bottles of red and another 30 of
             | white, so in gallons that would be a little more than 21
             | liters each or 5 gallons each.
             | 
             | He gave away most of it to family and his friends - we had
             | a lot of his bottles on regular barbecues he hosted - and
             | even had my cousin help him design and print funny bottle
             | labels.
             | 
             | [0] A "Schrebergarten" with a small almost-a-shed house.
        
           | carlmr wrote:
           | >Fermenting alcohol that tastes good is not easy enough to
           | justify a mass market product.
           | 
           | Not quite the same, but in Germany they sell Federweisser,
           | which is an unfermented wine, but the yeast is already on the
           | bottom.
           | 
           | It turns from sweet grape juice (day 0), to sweet wine (day
           | 2-3), then slightly sweet more alocoholic wine (day 4-5),
           | until it turns into wine fully.
           | 
           | Quite a lot of people enjoy it. It's not a proper competition
           | to normal wine, but it tastes good in its own way.
        
         | lisper wrote:
         | There used to be a retail store that let you use their
         | facilities to make your own wine from concentrate packaged in
         | plastic bags. We tried it once. The result was surprisingly
         | good. Unfortunately the place only lasted a year or two before
         | it went under.
        
       | wumpus wrote:
       | Fun that the homebrew limit is still 200 gallons. The more things
       | change, ...
        
         | awild wrote:
         | In germany beer homebrewing is limited at 200L/year (approx
         | 50gallons, which is a respectable but not huge amount if you
         | have friends). Anything above you have to pay taxes on. Those
         | taxes however are pretty minor for a typical 20L batch, and
         | customs are only allowed to investigate a case if they suspect
         | a big enough discrepancy (I think 10EUR). So there's a group of
         | petty homebrewers who don't make use of their free 200L, but
         | instead opt to report every single batch, only paying 0.01EUR.
         | The intention is to waste time and annoy as many customs
         | employees as possible to create friction and lobby against
         | restrictions on homebrewing.
        
           | Cthulhu_ wrote:
           | If it's just homebrewing / for personal, family / friends
           | consumption, how would they even find out? A lot of laws are
           | only there to enforce if they actually uncover a big
           | operation.
           | 
           | Like, during the 'rona lockdowns you weren't allowed to have
           | more than X visitors, but no policeman would want to go door
           | to door to see if people were having visitors.
           | 
           | (actually don't quote me on it, the visitors thing may have
           | been advisory)
        
             | awild wrote:
             | > If it's just homebrewing / for personal, family / friends
             | consumption, how would they even find out? A lot of laws
             | are only there to enforce if they actually uncover a big
             | operation.
             | 
             | True and that's kind of the joke. They aren't even allowed
             | to do visitations without evidence of malpractice. But the
             | laws surrounding it are even stranger: The beer produced
             | should only be consumed at home, any outside consumption
             | would require taxation, therefore homebrew competitions ask
             | you to tax your submissions. They've actually went to
             | homebrew competitions and busted people on the grounds of
             | 10EUR pP at most (But remember if I self report/pay it
             | would only be a few ct - so even less). Homebrew meetups
             | have never had problems before.
             | 
             | The background of the law (at least in folk telling) is
             | that the big guys were worried about malt-extract making
             | homebrewing so easy as to make commercial brewing
             | superfluous.
        
               | jerrysievert wrote:
               | > The background of the law (at least in folk telling) is
               | that the big guys were worried about malt-extract making
               | homebrewing so easy as to make commercial brewing
               | superfluous.
               | 
               | which is funny, since it takes a lot of work to make good
               | beer! most of that goes into sanitization, since with
               | extract you aren't doing a mash, but it could lead to
               | some very bland beers.
        
             | djrogers wrote:
             | > but no policeman would want to go door to door to see if
             | people were having visitors
             | 
             | And yet there are plenty of countries where this
             | happened...
        
           | 123pie123 wrote:
           | I was shocked to see the price of strong lager(5% abv) at a
           | supermarket in Munich, a 500ml can was 29cents (after
           | recycling costs)
           | 
           | they all tasted good as well
        
             | awild wrote:
             | Yeah, beer prices in Germany are absurdly low.
             | Unfortunately that also means that it's quite hard for
             | smaller breweries to compete. The Franken region (densest
             | brewery region) is seeing the slow death of the family
             | brewery because the clientele is not up for even small
             | price hikes. Even the deposit on the crates is an actual
             | consideration for these brewers as people won't buy their
             | beer at full price 10EUR (they will get the money back on
             | return of the crate) instead they usually require just a
             | 3EUR deposit. This means that the brewery is staking out
             | 6-7EUR per crate sold in hopes it returns functional.
             | 
             | If you're ever in Bavaria again, you should make a visit to
             | Bamberg. It has an incredibly rich culture around beer.
             | They are famous for smoked beer, though its just two
             | breweries of about 20 making it. The others all have
             | absurdly high quality beer at fair prices all with a
             | certain amount of personality.
        
         | ch4s3 wrote:
         | That's per adult in the household is it not?
        
           | wumpus wrote:
           | Yes. And places where pot is legal have similar per-adult
           | limits.
        
         | jerrysievert wrote:
         | that's about 4 gallons/week, which translates into 32 pints.
         | that's a pretty decent haul.
        
           | icanhackit wrote:
           | My children need wine!
        
       | xmprt wrote:
       | I love the warnings that they put on these things. (paraphrasing)
       | "Under no circumstances should you follow these extremely
       | specific steps listed below or else you might accidentally make
       | an alcoholic beverage which would be illegal"
        
       | asdff wrote:
       | Reminds me of the local hydroponic industry being ostensibly for
       | "tomatoes" in the years before medical marijuana started getting
       | passed.
        
       | richardfey wrote:
       | https://github.com/bottlesdevs/Bottles
       | 
       | A missed chance to call these "bricks" instead of bottles!
        
       | yohannparis wrote:
       | And this is why stupid banning should not exist. Instead,
       | introduce reasonable regulations to keep your citizens safe from
       | bad business...
        
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