[HN Gopher] Albania's Goal of Making "The First Wild River Natio...
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       Albania's Goal of Making "The First Wild River National Park in
       Europe"
        
       Author : dnetesn
       Score  : 113 points
       Date   : 2022-02-06 11:15 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (worldsensorium.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (worldsensorium.com)
        
       | cool_dude85 wrote:
       | Does anyone know if there's a corresponding group in Greece
       | working on the same goal? I'd hate to imagine a whole river as a
       | national park but on the other side of the border they're dumping
       | fertilizer and building dams.
        
         | advisedwang wrote:
         | Wikipedia seems to suggest the Greek side is already within
         | Vikos-Aoos National Park. I'm not sure if that covers the whole
         | Greek course of the river.
        
       | nedsma wrote:
       | Definitely a great initiative. I was made aware what irreversible
       | damage so called small hydro plants are doing to these creeks and
       | rivers. Pretty much all they do is to generate additional revenue
       | to local tycoons, while producing insignificant amounts of
       | energy.
        
         | JoeAltmaier wrote:
         | Maybe a little harsh. Rivers do nothing but jam up and break up
         | logjams, have for millions of years. Maybe it's healthy.
         | 
         | Here in the US, the environment was mostly chains of stagnant
         | beaver ponds for millennia. It was the Iroquoi Confederacy that
         | kilt them all, broke up the dams. For money - beaver hats in
         | Europe were all the rage. Remade the topology of a continent in
         | a few score years.
         | 
         | So it works both ways.
        
           | stazz1 wrote:
           | In the Egyptian Book of the Dead, one of the things you had
           | to attest to at death was that you had "never willfully
           | blocked the flow of a river" -- makes sense given the
           | prominent importance of the Nile. With respect to your
           | comments, I think that temporary logjams and permanent human
           | dams are not comparable.
        
             | JoeAltmaier wrote:
             | Remains to be seen if the human dams are permanent!
             | 
             | In the scheme of nature, humans are just a blip so far.
        
       | iqanq wrote:
       | >Albania
       | 
       | >Europe
        
         | sibane wrote:
         | Curious thing to fixate on. Are you perhaps implying that the
         | presence of Islam and their Communist past turn make them un-
         | European? Despite being geographically situated right between
         | Rome and Athens?
        
         | lacksconfidence wrote:
         | Perhaps you were thinking Algeria? Albania is found nearby
         | Greece and Italy, certainly European.
        
         | nexuist wrote:
         | As an Albanian myself I have yet to meet anyone who thinks
         | Albania isn't European who also actually lives in a European
         | country.
        
           | trompetenaccoun wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure the person was joking.
           | 
           | Or they just hate Albania, but in that case the likelihood is
           | higher that they're actually from Europe and maybe even from
           | the Balkans themself.
        
         | pell wrote:
         | Your point being?
        
       | sprak wrote:
       | This is a nice goal. Will it be the first i Europe? No, Sweden
       | has four such protected rivers:
       | https://sv.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sveriges_national%C3%A4lvar
       | 
       | I'm sure many other countries have such rivers as well
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | medo-bear wrote:
         | Yes, nice goal but the claim is exaggerated. In neighboring
         | Serbia there is the Tara National Park [0], and nearby to this,
         | but in Bosnia & Herzegovina, there is the famous Sutjeska
         | National Park [1], which is one of the two last remaining
         | primeval forests in Europe. That said, significant threats are
         | still posed by potential exploitation of areas and rivers
         | surrounding protected zones [2].
         | 
         | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tara_(mountain)
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sutjeska_National_Park
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buk_Bijela_Hydroelectric_Power...
        
           | grujicd wrote:
           | Tara the river is in Montenegro, not to be confused with Tara
           | the mountain which is in Serbia.
        
             | medo-bear wrote:
             | Thank you for that. I actually did confuse the two! The
             | Tara river [0] and the Tara Canyon [1] are absolutely
             | amazing! To add to the confusion all the mentioned national
             | parks are very close to eachother
             | 
             | [0] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tara_(river)
             | 
             | [1] https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tara_River_Canyon
        
         | dagw wrote:
         | None of those rivers are national parks though (although some I
         | believe might run through a national parks). National parks
         | have even stricter requirements and restrictions.
        
         | sprak wrote:
         | Albania is roughly the size of Maryland and Sweden is slightly
         | bigger than California. So one protected river in Albania would
         | be very good news.
        
       | dmix wrote:
       | > there are eight dams planned--large ones. With the tributaries,
       | there are another 36 or 37 dams planned. The specifics are always
       | changing--[but] currently the number is roughly 45 dams in the
       | entire river basin.
       | 
       | That sounds like a really aggressive engineering plan (probably
       | with its own low carbon packaging). I can see why that would be
       | destructive.
        
         | sgc wrote:
         | Anybody who thinks you have 10 bucks asks you to invest in a
         | micro hydro venture there. It's not planned, those are mainly
         | just a bunch of randos who want to build their own dams. I am
         | glad these guys are trying, but my hopes are low.
        
       | PrancingPony wrote:
       | Regardless if it's first or not, this is a great goal.
        
       | fersarr wrote:
       | The video makes me want to go and explore it!
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | Honestly I've had a period earlier in life where I had some
         | opportunities for traveling and didn't take it because I'm
         | cheap and traveling alone blows, but touring other countries
         | and continents is still on my bucket list. And countries like
         | Albania are easily overlooked due to low media exposure,
         | stereotyping, and former-soviet-union things.
         | 
         | But Albania, Slovenia, Croatia and Hungary should be really
         | nice places to visit. I don't know about Serbia or
         | Bosnia/Herzegovina, I only know anything about that from media
         | coverage during the 90's.
        
           | grujicd wrote:
           | Serbia has nice things to see (Tara mountain, Belgrade,
           | etc.), but if you make a Balkan tour you should not skip
           | Montenegro. They have everything - nice seacoast with a
           | number of old cities, mountains, lakes... And it's all
           | condensed in small country, meaning daily trips will give you
           | a lot of variety.
           | 
           | Just don't go there July-August since it's packed full of
           | tourists and traffic jams are everywhere. May, June or
           | September are the best.
        
       | ddorian43 wrote:
       | Just a note that working as a remote developer(counted as export)
       | there is no VAT and no profit-tax in Albania until ~$125K/year of
       | revenue. It's 15% if you pass $125K though (for total profit).
        
         | consumer451 wrote:
         | Honest question I find myself asking these days about new
         | places: are you generally safe flashing some wealth in Albania,
         | as a single foreigner? Like for example nice car, camera,
         | phone, mountain bike.. or best to keep a low profile?
        
           | oblio wrote:
           | I'm not super sure about Albania, but in Romania, where I'm
           | from, you'd generally face 2 possible problems:
           | 
           | 1. scams as tourist (should be easy to avoid: a) know the
           | exchange rate and the local purchasing power, i.e. think if a
           | local paid $500 per month would buy the thing, b) don't take
           | almost anything offered "for free" unless it's from already
           | trusted persons)
           | 
           | 2. theft; not robbery, theft (your stuff might get stolen
           | when you're not around; robbery or outright violence is rare,
           | maybe even rarer than Western Europe, but you know, poor
           | people, expensive stuff, it's going to be tempting)
        
             | ardit33 wrote:
             | Albania doesn't have either. Scams or thefts are rare. It
             | is a very tourist friendly country as it gets almost 2.5x
             | tourists a year compared to its population.
             | 
             | People are very welcoming.
        
           | ddorian43 wrote:
           | You'll be fine. It's not a big deal to have $50K+ car.
        
             | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
             | True. I think everyone in Albania drives a second-hand
             | luxury BMW, Audi or Mercedes fixer-upper imported from
             | Germany.
        
               | InCityDreams wrote:
               | "imported from..." made me laugh, especially as I know a
               | couple of 'importers'.
               | 
               | BTW and fwiw, I loved being in Albania, also Macedonia.
               | Bulgaria was cool, and Romania is crazy hilarious.
        
           | ardit33 wrote:
           | Albania is the safest country in Europe when it comes to
           | robberies
           | 
           | https://landgeistdotcom.files.wordpress.com/2021/10/europe-r.
           | ..
           | 
           | This is surprising to most americans, but the Western EU
           | countries are the least safe when it comes to mugging,
           | stealing, and general crime.
           | 
           | Maybe it is family values, or the fact that many people have
           | immigrated to work in the richer countries, countries in the
           | Balkans are really chill and crime free. The only danger is
           | driving, as the drivers are probably not the best and roads
           | can be tight.
        
             | cure wrote:
             | > This is surprising to most americans, but the Western EU
             | countries are the least safe when it comes to mugging,
             | stealing, and general crime.
             | 
             | This map would also be surprising to Europeans.
             | 
             | This map was generated based on data from Eurostat, "who
             | bases these number on police reports from each country."
             | (sic, cf. https://landgeist.com/2021/10/12/robbery-rate/).
             | 
             | So... the obvious question, then, is how many robberies do
             | not result in a police reports in each country, and how
             | good each country is at reporting all robberies to
             | Eurostat.
             | 
             | I suspect that this map is more of a reflection of the rate
             | of reporting for robberies than the actual rate of
             | robberies, which is why the map is so surprising: it's
             | misleading and does not reflect reality.
        
             | medo-bear wrote:
             | > The only danger is driving, as the drivers are probably
             | not the best
             | 
             | lol! yeah balkans has many schumachers, of all ages and
             | genders too :)
        
           | aunty_helen wrote:
           | I found Tirana weird given how many flash cars there were.
           | 750i's and s600's just driving around like they were doing
           | laps on a Friday night.
           | 
           | However, there was also some very nice streets with new bars
           | and restaurants. Like a lot of people had recently been
           | pouring cash into the place which is always a good sign.
           | 
           | The people who I met were always super friendly and outgoing
           | too, some of the most friendly I've experienced.
        
         | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
         | Out of curiosity, how's the quality of life there?
         | 
         | Being originally form Eastern Europe myself, devs earn and live
         | like kings here, especially those freelancing for remote US
         | companies, but socially you're mostly confined to these high-
         | earning circles and gated communities where you're mostly
         | insulated from the poverty, corruption and inequality
         | surrounding you, along with a feeling that everyone from
         | individuals to local businesses could be potentially
         | unscrupulous ready to scam you of everything you've got, if
         | your scam detector is not finely tuned and you don't know
         | exactly how things work, as laws and regulations tend to be
         | very loosely enforced.
         | 
         | Plus, complete lack of infrastructure, functional government
         | and public institutions. Roads without potholes that don't ruin
         | your car? Forget it. Public transport? Barely. Pedestrian
         | sidewalks not full of illegally parked cars? Nope. Drivers
         | disobeying the law and being a hazard to everyone? Check.
         | Police doing something? Forget it. Public hospitals? Avoid if
         | you can. People behaving like a-holes in public. Yes. Gangs of
         | roma beggars and parking scammers? A given. General disregard
         | for following laws and regulations? Check.
         | 
         | And that's in an EU country that, at least on paper, should be
         | doing way better than Albania.
        
           | stavros wrote:
           | Your comment could basically be describing Greece.
        
           | juanani wrote:
        
           | ddorian43 wrote:
           | Depends on your $$$. What's your monthly budget
           | (rent,food,health,fun)?
        
           | darebak wrote:
           | Eastern Europe has gated communities? You mean
           | Russia/Ukraine?
           | 
           | Because I haven't heard about gated communities in Slovakia
           | and Serbia, I I'm guessing it's the same in neighboring
           | countries.
        
             | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
             | Not like Brazil or Russia, but the newly developed suburbs
             | of the nuveau-rich are the equivalent, even though they
             | lack armed security and barbed wire fences typically
             | associated with gated communities.
        
               | medo-bear wrote:
               | i am curious, what are the gated communities in russia
               | and how prevalent are they? from my cursory search it
               | looks like there are more gated communities in us,
               | australia, and the uk
        
               | xvilka wrote:
               | Not many in Moscow apart from a few elite suburbs.
        
               | medo-bear wrote:
               | are they actually gated (as in controlled restricted
               | entry) or they are simply high-value real-estate type of
               | place?
        
               | xvilka wrote:
               | Some of them are gated, some are just high-value.
               | Remembering visiting some smaller cities in Russia I
               | don't really recall gated communities at all.
        
               | rob74 wrote:
               | So, a gated community without actual gates? I mean,
               | suburbs where each house is surrounded by a high
               | fence/wall, security cameras etc. (what you are probably
               | referring to) are not nice either, but "real" gated
               | communities are nevertheless something different...
        
           | logical_ferry wrote:
        
           | medo-bear wrote:
           | i have never visited albania, but from personal experience i
           | can tell you that countries of former yugoslavia (albania's
           | neighborhood with significant albanian minorities) are
           | amongst the safest in terms of public safety (with exception
           | of petty theft in large cities such as zagreb, belgrade, and
           | sarajevo). importantly, this is not due to these places being
           | heavily policed as is the case in australia for example, but
           | because of culture. i imagine the same to be true for albania
        
             | rastignack wrote:
             | It's true. Be it serbia, Croatia, Montenegro or Albania,
             | those are safe. And quite enjoyable, people are quite fun
             | there.
        
             | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
             | I never said the place was not safe.
        
               | medo-bear wrote:
               | i think that public safety is a feature of eastern europe
               | most westerners are unaware of. this is often due to a
               | false association of low income and high crime rates that
               | is prevalent in anglo communities. the only place in
               | western europe where i experienced comparable public
               | safety was in portugal, curiously another low income
               | country. anyway i think that you should not sell your
               | homeland short despite its shortcomings. btw you did not
               | make it clear what country you are talking about
        
             | smcl wrote:
             | Very subjective and anecdotal, but my experience of
             | Montenegro, Bosnia and Croatia is similar.
        
           | avtolik wrote:
           | This is a perfect description of Bulgaria. I would only swap
           | "gated communities" with social bubbles.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | rastignack wrote:
           | > People behaving like a-holes in public. Yes. Gangs of roma
           | beggars and parking scammers? A given.
           | 
           | As a French guy visiting Albania quite frequently, I can tell
           | you that I feel safer there than in Paris. People are mostly
           | welcoming. I always travel with Albanian speaking people
           | there, so it might be the reason. I'm pretty confident that
           | it's much safer than a big American or Western European city.
        
             | grujicd wrote:
             | Paris at night can be scary, while I never felt that in any
             | Balkan city. On the other hand few smaller French cities I
             | visited felt safe. It could be a problem with super-
             | touristy capital of France.
        
         | medo-bear wrote:
         | as in other countries in the region, this will last only a few
         | years, until enough IT capital flows in. one noteable exception
         | is bosnia & herzegovina, where the personal income tax and the
         | company profit tax is 10% flat. moreover, this has always been
         | the case and it is unlikely to change in the near future
        
           | ddorian43 wrote:
           | It's for every type of export. Previously, it was 0% until
           | $50K. 5% until $125K. 15% after $125K. So pretty near to what
           | we have now. I don't expect it to get worse than that.
        
             | medo-bear wrote:
             | from what i can see the tax laws in albania are pretty
             | strict, and tax seems to be applied on world-wide income
             | [0]. i think this is rather problematic for incentivizing
             | foreign investment into startups. compare to general tax
             | rules in bosnia and herzegovina [1]
             | 
             | [0] https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/albania/corporate/taxes-
             | on-corp...
             | 
             | [1] https://taxsummaries.pwc.com/bosnia-and-
             | herzegovina/corporat...
        
         | core-utility wrote:
         | Are you saying that if you made $124,999 you owe $0, but if you
         | made $125,000 you owe $18,750? Or do you only owe on the amount
         | above $125k you made?
        
           | ddorian43 wrote:
           | > you owe $18,750
           | 
           | Yes, assuming you haven't registered any expenses. 15% of
           | total profit (revenue-expenses=profit).
        
             | sputr wrote:
             | Ah, the Balkans :).
             | 
             | Slovenia has a "sole proprietorship" system that's
             | fantastic for IT professionals since it has standardized
             | costs, which means in the end you pay 4% tax on any income
             | up to 150kEUR.
             | 
             | But you also pay FIXED "social contributions" (aka. tax)
             | for pension and healthcare since you, as an "s.p." are
             | considered to have a minimal pay... no matter how much
             | money you make. This is a little under 500EUR/month. This
             | is due the first month you register your business.
             | 
             | This leads to a reducing effective tax rate - the more you
             | make, the less you pay.
             | 
             | We also have no way of doing business if you can't afford
             | the ~500EUR/month tax. As far as the government is
             | concerned, everyone starting a small business just
             | "magically" starts making enough money from month 1.
             | 
             | Watching ex-communists (who are still in power) trying to
             | work this whole capitalism thing is hilarious sometimes.
        
               | jonp888 wrote:
               | Germany is no different. Everyone is required to have
               | health insurance(since not treating the uninsured is not
               | an option in a humane socitey), and as a sole proprietor
               | you must pay for that health insurance even if you earn
               | very little.
               | 
               | I am not sure why you expect the state to subsidise the
               | health insurance of people who voluntarily put themselves
               | in the position of working for an employer(themselves)
               | that can't afford to pay them.
               | 
               | Anyone starting a business has to get together starting
               | capital for the costs of the business itself, plus the
               | costs of necessary employees up until the company starts
               | earning money. This is one of those costs.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | A number of countries make employer contributions to
               | health insurance entirely a percentage of salary,
               | sometimes with a lower threshold before payments (be it
               | employer or employee contributions) kick in at all.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | > Germany is no different. Everyone is required to have
               | health insurance(since not treating the uninsured is not
               | an option in a humane socitey), and as a sole proprietor
               | you must pay for that health insurance even if you earn
               | very little.
               | 
               | Singapore has rules that make something like health
               | insurance mandatory for locals and most foreigners here.
               | However, if you are on the visa for highly paid
               | foreigners, fewer rules apply. Specifically, health
               | insurance is optional.
               | 
               | In general, I agree that leaving rich people out of your
               | paternalism is perfectly compatible with a humane
               | society. Rich folks can look out for themselves and only
               | have themselves to blame.
               | 
               | (The health care for locals in Singapore largely works as
               | a health savings account, so the system has less need to
               | force healthy people into contributing to balance the
               | books. Largely everyone pays for themselves, though there
               | is a genuine insurance component to the system as well;
               | as in a mechanism to shoulder large unpredictable risks.)
        
           | eru wrote:
           | > Are you saying that if you made $124,999 you owe $0, but if
           | you made $125,000 you owe $18,750?
           | 
           | Just in general: almost no sane tax system works like this.
           | 
           | There are sometimes some nooks and crannies of insanity in
           | some parts of a tax system, but seldom in something as
           | mainstream as income tax brackets.
        
             | core-utility wrote:
             | Thanks, I'm only familiar with the US workings and wasn't
             | sure if maybe Albania was different.
        
             | pdabbadabba wrote:
             | I agree, as a general matter. Then again, the sibling
             | comment immediately below, from someone apparently familiar
             | with the Albanian system, seems to say that it _does_ work
             | this way in Albania.
        
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