[HN Gopher] First recorded usage of "hacker" (2008)
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       First recorded usage of "hacker" (2008)
        
       Author : legrande
       Score  : 39 points
       Date   : 2022-02-05 18:05 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (manybutfinite.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (manybutfinite.com)
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Past related threads. I think there have been others, and it
       | would be great if anybody found them so we could have a complete
       | list.
       | 
       |  _First Recorded Usage of "Hacker" (2008)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19415484 - March 2019 (18
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _First Recorded Usage of "Hacker" (2008)_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=7795673 - May 2014 (8
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _First Recorded Usage of word "Hacker"_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=2170897 - Feb 2011 (1
       | comment)
       | 
       |  _First recorded usage of "Hacker" from MIT paper in 1963_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=324032 - Oct 2008 (3
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _First Recorded Usage of "Hacker"_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=289215 - Aug 2008 (12
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _The Orignal Hackers were Black Hats._ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=152565 - April 2008 (9
       | comments)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | dang wrote:
       | As people in the subculture already know, the "the first known
       | recorded usage of the word "hacker" in the tech sense" (to quote
       | from the OP) was not this one, but the Tech Model Railroad Club
       | dictionary of 1959, which not only used the word but defined it
       | [1]:                 HACK: 1) something done without constructive
       | end; 2) a project undertaken on bad self-advice; 3) an entropy
       | booster; 4) to produce or attempt to produce, a hack.
       | 
       | I emailed Shapiro a few years ago and he conceded not only that
       | the TMRC reference was earlier, but more importantly, that he was
       | "probably wrong about 'hacker' originally having malicious
       | connotations" [2]. Since he was the originator of the malicious-
       | origin theory, or at least its most authoritative proponent [3],
       | that pretty much clears things up.
       | 
       | [1] http://www.gricer.com/tmrc/dictionary1959.html
       | 
       | [2] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=19416623
       | 
       | [3] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=152627
        
         | reaperducer wrote:
         | Few people remember TMRC, or that model railroading it is
         | pretty much the genesis of modern electronic computing. Today,
         | model railroads are considered baby toys by many computer
         | enthusiasts, even though doing a complicated layout correctly
         | is more technically challenging than what 90% of HN people do
         | for a day job.
         | 
         | I'm old enough that I've seen the popular meaning of "hacker"
         | flip from good to evil and back a number of times.
         | 
         | When I was first introduced to it, it was mischievous, not
         | evil. In the 70's I remember it being applied to people who
         | would take other people's public domain programs, put their own
         | names on them, and sell them at user group meetings and in the
         | small ads in the back of computer magazines.
         | 
         | By the 80's, it was applied to creative youngsters doing clever
         | things with home computers.
         | 
         | I'm not sure where it is today.
        
           | shadowofneptune wrote:
           | I feel that the word has fallen out of favor due to its usage
           | in media. It means someone is either an operative for a
           | foreign government, or Nedry from Jurassic Park. Neither is
           | particularly flattering.
           | 
           | I'm not sure what would term replaces the positive form of
           | 'hacking' now. Hobbyist programming? Recreational
           | programmimg? Do side projects mirroed on GitHub count as a
           | hack?
        
         | scoot wrote:
         | I'm struggling to see the connection between this definition
         | and the modern day non-black hat one. If anything, it's
         | completely the opposite. "1)" above sounds more related to yak
         | shaving.
         | 
         | A hack on the other hand, far from being "without constructive
         | end", based on "bad self-advice", or causing chaos ("entropy"),
         | has a definite constructive end-goal, and is achieved through
         | the clever application of knowledge, tools or technology to
         | achieve an end result for which these where not originally
         | intended.
         | 
         | Sure, it could be considered a shortcut, or a temporary
         | solution, but still one with a definite goal in mind.
         | 
         | I note the commentary in [1] which seems to reframe the term to
         | fit a more recent definition that that in the original TMRC
         | definition.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Good point. The original definition doesn't stand on its own;
           | it's obviously humorous and understanding the wider meaning
           | requires putting it in the context of the subculture it came
           | out of. What's clear though is that it wasn't solely, or
           | primarily, about breaking into insecure systems for malicious
           | purposes.
           | 
           | Steven Levy gave a lot of the context in _Hackers_ :
           | 
           |  _The core members hung out at the club for hours; constantly
           | improving The System, arguing about what could be done next,
           | developing a jargon of their own that seemed incomprehensible
           | to outsiders who might chance on these teen-aged fanatics,
           | with their checked short-sleeve shirts, pencils in their
           | pockets, chino pants, and, always, a bottle of Coca-Cola by
           | their side. (TMRC purchased its own Coke machine for the then
           | forbidding sum of $165; at a tariff of five cents a bottle,
           | the outlay was replaced in three months; to facilitate sales,
           | Saunders built a change machine for Coke buyers that was
           | still in use a decade later.) When a piece of equipment wasn
           | 't working, it was "losing"; when a piece of equipment was
           | ruined, it was "munged" (Mash Until No Good); the two desks
           | in the comer of the room were not called the office, but the
           | "orifice"; one who insisted on studying for courses was a
           | "tool"; garbage was called "cruft"; and a project undertaken
           | or a product built not solely to fulfill some constructive
           | goal, but with some wild pleasure taken in mere involvement,
           | was called a "hack."_
           | 
           |  _This latter term may have been suggested by ancient MIT
           | lingo the word "hack" had long been used to describe the
           | elaborate college pranks that MIT students would regularly
           | devise, such as covering the dome that overlooked the campus
           | with reflecting foil. But as the TMRC people used the word,
           | there was serious respect implied. While someone might call a
           | clever connection between relays a "mere hack," it would be
           | understood that, to qualify as a hack, the feat must be
           | imbued with innovation, style, and technical virtuosity. Even
           | though one might self- deprecatingly say he was "hacking away
           | at The System" (much as an axe-wielder hacks at logs), the
           | artistry with which one hacked was recognized to be
           | considerable._
           | 
           | That wasn't an academic book though, so he didn't give
           | citations for things like "the word 'hack' had long been used
           | [etc.]"
        
             | scoot wrote:
             | Thank you. I was about to ask for pointers as to where I
             | could learn more about the original context when you added
             | this quote to your reply. It seems I have some reading to
             | do - I probably should have read this years ago!
        
       | tehchromic wrote:
       | No link because people who like to read about hackers might be
       | offended? Ok
        
         | Maursault wrote:
         | Here you go, generally regarded as the first hacker ever
         | arrested[1], though the preferred term is phreak, I think
         | phreaks are technically a subset of hackers.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Draper
        
           | plapsley wrote:
           | Draper was definitely not first hacker ever arrested, but
           | perhaps "first hacker sentenced to prison." (Ralph Barclay,
           | inventor of the blue box used for phone phreaking, was
           | arrested in 1961 or so, almost a decade before Draper came on
           | scene. When I interviewed him I said, "You were the first!"
           | He laughed and responded, "Well, first to get caught,
           | maybe.") http://explodingthephone.com/docs/dbx0575.pdf or
           | more generally http://explodingthephone.com/search.php?q=barc
           | lay&sort=relev...
        
       | peter303 wrote:
       | The oldest MIT hack I just looked up online is dates 1926. It
       | means an elaborate practical joke. Often it is redecorating some
       | part of MIT campus in a clever way. Occasionally it extends to
       | rivals like Harvard and CalTech. I perpetrated a few in my day.
        
         | whymauri wrote:
         | Here's an image of one of my favorite pre-WW2 hacks (1936):
         | 
         | https://mitadmissions.org/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/car_2.j...
         | 
         | They later set the car on fire.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | There's a book called _Nightwork_ from MIT Press that sort of
         | covers the history of hacks and related. (I think I have a
         | couple photos in the original edition and I was involved in a
         | fairly minor one.)
        
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