[HN Gopher] FreeCAD: Open-source 3D parametric modeler
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       FreeCAD: Open-source 3D parametric modeler
        
       Author : _benj
       Score  : 79 points
       Date   : 2022-02-03 13:30 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.freecadweb.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.freecadweb.org)
        
       | etskinner wrote:
       | I can't wait to see FreeCAD or something like it mature into
       | something on the level of Blender. The problem seems to be that
       | other free-ish CAD software exists out there, so there's not much
       | demand. Another problem seems to be that overlap between people
       | interested in solid modeling and people able to program for solid
       | modeling is very small.
       | 
       | For sculpting, Blender actually does pretty well. And for
       | parametric solid modeling, Fusion360 has a free license for
       | hobbyists and startups. For programmatic non-parametric modeling,
       | there's OpenSCAD.
       | 
       | But like others have said here, FreeCAD is lacking a lot of
       | polish, and that makes it pretty hard to use.
        
         | somat wrote:
         | Note that almost by definition a programmatic interface to cad
         | makes it parametric. The parameters are now in the program.
        
         | haberman wrote:
         | > For programmatic non-parametric modeling, there's OpenSCAD.
         | 
         | There is also CadQuery, which claims to have fundamental
         | technical advantages over OpenSCAD:
         | https://github.com/CadQuery/cadquery
         | 
         | I've tried CadQuery and had a rough time of it. I haven't used
         | OpenSCAD at all though, so I can't compare.
        
           | bb88 wrote:
           | OpenSCAD is very lisp like. It's basically just a series of
           | functions that operate on primitives. I tried it out and
           | didn't like it very much. Mostly because debugging your model
           | this way isn't super efficient.
           | 
           | CadQuery should be better, but they refuse to just release a
           | standalone pip library, instead everything is distributed
           | through anaconda which just breaks my existing library setup.
           | Technically you can use miniconda I guess, but in reality if
           | I'm going through that much trouble to set up software, it's
           | probably just best to move on.
           | 
           | I found FreeCad easier to install and use frankly --
           | especially the RealThunder AppImage version.
           | 
           | https://github.com/realthunder/FreeCAD_assembly3/releases
        
       | dekhn wrote:
       | I started with FreeCAD and got pretty good at it. it's a fairly
       | capable system although the UI can have some issues.
       | 
       | At some point I started hitting up against a collection of
       | problems and finally paid for Fusion 360. It was completely
       | transformative. I'd be pretty impressed if FreeCAD can catch up
       | to where Fusion 360 is today (in basic shape modelling, advanced
       | shape modelling, and mesh modelling, as well as CNC toolpathing).
        
       | bb88 wrote:
       | Pro Tip:
       | 
       | Use the Realthunder version of freecad in an AppImage container.
       | It seems to be more stable.
       | 
       | https://github.com/realthunder/FreeCAD_assembly3/releases
        
       | zibzab wrote:
       | While I like this project, freecad is badly in need of a UX
       | overhaul.
       | 
       | For example things being split into X workspace that you have to
       | constantly switch between (each with their own toolbar layout) is
       | not a good workflow.
        
       | bb88 wrote:
       | For simple stuff I think it's pretty good. Though it falls apart
       | when you have topological changes in the tree.
       | 
       | For more complex stuff I'm tempted to go buy Alibre Cad. It's
       | $150 for personal use / no subscription.
       | 
       | https://www.alibre.com/atom3d/
        
         | _benj wrote:
         | Alibre looks quite nice, and it certainly refreshing to see a
         | non-cloud non-subscription base software!
        
       | sen wrote:
       | I love the idea of FreeCAD so much that I committed pretty much a
       | month to doing all my newer projects in it, watching tutorials,
       | etc... and in the end had to give up and go back to Fusion 360.
       | 
       | I'm not some long term die-hard F360 fan either, just a casual
       | hobbyist maker who uses all sorts of tools (I still regularly
       | just whip things up in Tinkercad for the printers) but FreeCAD is
       | just so damn hard to get things from your head to the screen. It
       | feels like you're constantly trying to fit square pegs into round
       | holes just to do basic things.
        
         | Accujack wrote:
         | I don't trust Autodesk and I bailed from F360 when they
         | crippled the hobbyist version, but I ended up having to go back
         | to a single user subscription for now.
         | 
         | CAD/CAM programs are a "hard" type of software to write. I view
         | them as similar in difficulty to free operating systems in
         | technical difficulty and scope of the project. Before Linux
         | there were only a few options for Unix-like OSs (Minix,
         | Coherent, etc), but none of them particularly good for much
         | except for academic purposes. Real work still took a licensed
         | copy of Unix.
         | 
         | There still hasn't been a similar project to produce a CAD
         | system (not just 3d modeling, but parametric CAD) created
         | that's open source. There are some great programs for 2d cad,
         | for running machine tools and CNC routers, but beyond things
         | like FreeCAD there's nothing available in the open source space
         | that's comparable to even the cheapest commercial offering.
        
           | sen wrote:
           | Completely agree with everything you're saying. It's a tough
           | problem to solve, and I'd love something like FreeCAD to
           | actually be able to complete with Fusion 360. I think with
           | the explosion of the hobbyist maker scene and how common 3D
           | printers are getting it's inevitable that something rises up
           | eventually, but who knows.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | I have spent weeks using freecad to build various things. Then I
       | tried fusion 360, (closed-source, free but nerfed for non-
       | commercial use).
       | 
       | The usability differences are insane. What took me hours in
       | freecad takes minutes in fusion 360. Fusion 360 just does what
       | you expect, while freecad throws nonsensical errors and randomly
       | breaks your whole model if you edit something you've already done
       | and it takes hours to fix.
        
       | jbay808 wrote:
       | I'm now using FreeCAD for all of my mechanical design work. It's
       | about 10% as productive for me as SolidWorks (although I'm still
       | climbing the learning curve), which I regard as a massive
       | achievement for open-source software.
       | 
       | It's definitely got rough spots, especially the tendency for
       | models to sometimes become corrupt and flip inside out. But
       | overall I like it, and I can make do with the problems.
        
       | Ciantic wrote:
       | I have very little experience with FreeCAD, but I used Solid
       | Works years ago. I still can't understand why with FreeCAD the
       | chamfering or "smoothing" the edges breaks the model. I thought
       | chamfering should be easy task if it uses SDF's or something like
       | it for solid modelling, but somehow it makes unwanted holes.
        
       | samuell wrote:
       | If only it had more free form (while mathematically exact, e.g.
       | NURBS-based) drawing tools, similar to the NURBS-based tools in
       | Rhino 3D [1], it would be a killer platform for a lot of 3D
       | modelling.
       | 
       | [1] https://www.rhino3d.com/
        
       | wtfIsOn wrote:
        
       | emergentstate wrote:
       | I have pretty mixed feelings about FreeCAD, having used it for
       | 100+ hours across a few different projects.
       | 
       | It's wonderful to have a open-source alternative to the expensive
       | CAD software that muscled its way into a near monopoly in
       | academia/industry, but it suffers from some really inexcusable
       | design problems, on a fundamental level. As it is, I don't think
       | it's really usable as a serious tool for creating complex
       | assemblies.
       | 
       | I'd be curious if anyone here has managed to use it effectively
       | for a large project (something real-world, not just showcasing
       | FreeCAD).
        
         | imglorp wrote:
         | Curious if you have compared to SolveSpace?
        
           | floatboth wrote:
           | Last time I used SolveSpace, what I hated the most was how
           | the undo button was near useless.. and
           | https://github.com/solvespace/solvespace/issues/91 is still
           | open :/
        
           | phoenix3200 wrote:
           | Wow, that looks like what I may be after!
        
         | haberman wrote:
         | > some really inexcusable design problems, on a fundamental
         | level
         | 
         | Can you be more specific?
         | 
         | I understand that the Topological Naming Problem is big
         | (discussed in https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QSsVFu929jo), but
         | as I understand it this is being fixed in the RealThunder
         | branch (https://bit.ly/3iBzQly), and fixes may be flowing from
         | this into FreeCAD 0.2.
        
           | floatboth wrote:
           | A fundamental problem is that OpenCASCADE, despite being the
           | most advanced open source CAD kernel, does kinda suck. It's
           | single-threaded (FreeCAD has it on the _main_ thread so any
           | long operation blocks the entire UI) and it 's... rather
           | buggy.
           | 
           | Recent fun example I've encountered: doing a fillet in two
           | places at the same time can result in either an unhelpful
           | "resulting shape is invalid" or a crash inside OpenCASCADE,
           | depending on the selection order (!) --
           | https://github.com/realthunder/FreeCAD/issues/202
        
             | jbay808 wrote:
             | I have noticed that fillets in particular are a weak point
             | for FreeCAD.
        
           | jackyinger wrote:
           | My complaint is that it is extremely modal and as a result
           | not very friendly, not intuitive even to a relatively
           | experienced CAD user.
           | 
           | I've used a variety of CAD and it just really didn't click. I
           | know it's open source, so not going to be as UX oriented, but
           | still.
           | 
           | I would love to be proved wrong. If there's something I'm
           | missing please share.
        
             | jbay808 wrote:
             | Did you find the Part Design workflow? It took a while for
             | Freecad to click for me but it ends up being fairly similar
             | to other CAD programs in terms of workflow.
        
             | haberman wrote:
             | I've experienced that user unfriendliness too. I'm not at
             | all an expert in this, I'm a FreeCAD newbie that has been
             | trying to decide whether to invest in learning FreeCAD or
             | not.
             | 
             | I keep wishing that FreeCAD had the UI polish of Blender,
             | and ask myself if Blender can do enough of the CAD
             | workflows that it makes sense to learn Blender instead of
             | FreeCAD.
             | 
             | I keep reading that technically speaking, mesh-based
             | modelers are woefully insufficient for CAD tasks. But then
             | I see videos like this, which suggest that Blender can
             | handle most modeling tasks, with the main exception of
             | bevels and chamfers:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n5SehCbhxFs
        
               | jackyinger wrote:
               | Mesh modeling in blender has similar downfalls to
               | OpenSCAD. When you're designing a bit of precision
               | equipment (or what have you) you don't want your circles
               | turned into high degree polygons.
               | 
               | Can a lathe turn a polygon? Can a drill drill a polygonal
               | hole? Maybe you can machine a polygon on a fancy CNC
               | lathe, but you certainly wouldn't do so for a turbine
               | shaft.
               | 
               | Also for less precise things, say construction, you care
               | about dimensions. Select an arc to get it's radius for
               | instance.
               | 
               | This is why design for traditional construction
               | techniques best done in boundary representations:
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boundary_representation
               | 
               | I will concede that one can easily create nasty insoluble
               | problems with boundary representations if not familiar
               | with the limitations of splines, but this only really is
               | a problem with curvy things like ship's hulls and
               | aircraft.
        
               | eindiran wrote:
               | There is no downside in my opinion to learning a bit of
               | OpenSCAD, FreeCAD, and Blender and reaching for the right
               | tool when you need it. Personally, I have found the UI/UX
               | of FreeCAD painful to use, but it is sufficient for most
               | of my CAD needs. And after Fusion 360 crippled their
               | hobbyist licensing, I don't really want to get in bed
               | with any of the non-free CAD tools.
        
             | phoenix3200 wrote:
             | I found OpenSCAD to be very friendly for parametric
             | designs, but after a while I switched to the SolidPython
             | wrapper as it was more flexible.
             | 
             | However, I'm hunting for a better way to create 3d models
             | via code (Blender Python?) because
             | 'extrude_along_path'->SolidPython->OpenSCAD->stl export
             | simply could not handle my model.
        
               | floatboth wrote:
               | CadQuery should be better as it is using the OpenCASCADE
               | cad kernel (same as FreeCAD) instead of a simplistic ad-
               | hoc thingy.
        
               | jackyinger wrote:
               | Thanks for pointing this out! Looks pretty useful, will
               | give it a shot.
        
               | jackyinger wrote:
               | OpenSCAD is great in some ways, but the fact that
               | everything gets boils straight to triangles drives me
               | nuts. If there were an OpenSCAD equivalent to work with
               | boundary representation models I'd have found my CAD
               | nirvana.
        
           | rq1 wrote:
           | Topological naming issue is the biggest problem that they
           | should address immediately. Otherwise they can't call it a
           | parametric drawing tool. Period.
           | 
           | I discovered the issue in a middle of a design where I tried
           | to change what I thought was a parametric piece. It
           | unrecoverable blew up everything.
           | 
           | I kind of lost trust in it after that. I ended up making a
           | backup for every step on top of the regular backups, like:
           | piece_name-step-1... etc.
           | 
           | I discovered the real thunder branch too late.
        
         | psadauskas wrote:
         | I agree. I'm working on a project to finish my basement, and
         | decided to use FreeCAD for it. It mostly worked, but did weird
         | things often enough it was frustrating. Often the solution was
         | to look up on the forums for a hack to do things in a certain
         | order and it would work. Sometimes there was no solution, like
         | trying to print a floor plan of my 3d model always did weird
         | things with the scale and the labels. I could mostly get it to
         | "work", but really lacked polish that made using it more of a
         | chore than I'd like, and I don't feel like I got the full power
         | out of using it.
        
         | nikitaga wrote:
         | Personally I also ran into some inexcusable bugs on my first
         | try of FreeCAD recently. Sadly I don't have the link anymore,
         | but the problem was offsets being incorrectly calculated in
         | certain cases, and I found it to be a long standing bug in
         | their issue tracker. There wasn't an easy way to work around it
         | so I had to look elsewhere. Too bad, because FreeCAD did seem
         | quite fine otherwise (Note: I never used SolidWorks, and my
         | demands are amateur level).
         | 
         | For programmers I highly recommend OpenSCAD or Cadquery, which
         | let you write code to build your models instead of using GUI.
         | With this approach, "parametric" comes naturally, and so you
         | don't need to learn a special constraint system, it's just your
         | code (and a bit of math).
         | 
         | Cadquery was a bit hard to get started with being essentially a
         | bunch of python scripts, but it's also more versatile and more
         | powerful than OpenSCAD, and has a good collection of examples
         | in their docs. OpenSCAD is still great for e.g. building simple
         | models for 3D printing.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | Past related threads:
       | 
       |  _FreeCAD 0.19_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=26533384 -
       | March 2021 (60 comments)
       | 
       |  _FreeCAD Simulator_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25098981 - Nov 2020 (13
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _FreeCAD BIM development news_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24951311 - Oct 2020 (23
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _FreeCAD: A free and open source multiplatform 3D parametric
       | modeler_ - https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24513340 - Sept
       | 2020 (268 comments)
       | 
       |  _FreeCAD on Raspberry Pi 4_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=22347385 - Feb 2020 (36
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _FreeCAD BIM development news December 2018_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=18800484 - Jan 2019 (22
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _FreeCAD 0.17 "Roland" released_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=16790814 - April 2018 (58
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _FreeCAD Arch development news_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=14480294 - June 2017 (44
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _FreeCAD 0.16 release notes_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=11533435 - April 2016 (75
       | comments)
       | 
       |  _Free CAD-CAM Software Demos_ -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=9893631 - July 2015 (1
       | comment)
        
       | chasd00 wrote:
       | i've used FreeCAD but didn't like the UI so then I switched to
       | OnShape. I used OnShape for a while but then switched over to
       | Fusion360 because the vast majority of the people in my hobby (
       | amateur rocketry ) use Fusion360. Using the same tool as everyone
       | else really helps when asking questions and reading tips/tricks.
        
         | Accujack wrote:
         | Yeah. A major "cost" of CAD software is the investment in
         | learning it, which is made much cheaper by having others learn
         | it whom you can interact with, an open community to ask
         | questions of, etc.
         | 
         | That's part of why it hurt so much when Autodesk crippled the
         | hobbyist version of Fusion 360. All the stuff it can't do now
         | no one can help you learn.
        
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