[HN Gopher] Freud's nephew and the origins of public relations (...
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       Freud's nephew and the origins of public relations (2009)
        
       Author : tosh
       Score  : 60 points
       Date   : 2022-02-03 11:01 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.apa.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.apa.org)
        
       | bleuchase wrote:
       | And Bernays is the grand-uncle of one of Netflix's founders.
       | Small world.
        
         | avgcorrection wrote:
         | I don't know if Small World is the reason for that.
        
       | verisimi wrote:
       | I think he was also behind the idea of marketing white goods not
       | on their efficiency, but by their appeal to consumers. This is to
       | say, he initiated the move away from quality as the sales pitch
       | to where we are today - where white goods are flimsily made, hard
       | to repair, break after their warranty - as this maximises profits
       | at the expense of the customer.
       | 
       | On so many levels, its a shame we are so easily sold, for sure.
        
       | mustardgreen wrote:
       | The first episode of Mad Men alludes to Bernays work. They are
       | trying to come up with a new campaign for Lucky Strike and he
       | rejects an idea to base the campaign off of Freud's research.
        
       | techer wrote:
       | Very much enjoyed this, very prescient
       | 
       | https://www.amazon.com/Hidden-Persuaders-Vance-Packard/dp/09...
        
       | hnuser847 wrote:
       | Strangely enough, Bernays was also the PR man behind water
       | fluoridation[1]. He was hired by the Aluminum Company of America
       | to help dispose of sodium fluoride, a by-product of the
       | production of aluminum[2].
       | 
       | > The drive to encourage public acceptance of fluoride was handed
       | over to Edward Bernays, known as the father of PR, or the
       | original spin doctor, and the man who helped persuade women to
       | take up smoking. "You can get practically any idea accepted,"
       | Bernays explained, "if doctors are in favour. The public is
       | willing to accept it because a doctor is an authority to most
       | people, regardless of how much he knows or doesn't know."
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://www.theguardian.com/society/2004/jun/08/lifeandhealt...
       | 
       | [2]
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public_relations_campaigns_of_...
        
         | bleuchase wrote:
         | Don't forget his laudable work with the American Tobacco
         | Company to encourage women to smoke. Truly a champion of gender
         | equality.
         | 
         | https://fcpp.org/2021/11/09/how-bernays-changed-the-world-th...
        
           | yamrzou wrote:
           | The story as told by Bernays himself:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6pyyP2chM8k
        
         | User23 wrote:
         | To this day the medical establishment leans heavily on rhetoric
         | like this over dialectic.
         | 
         | Bernays's _Propaganda_ [1] isn't just a good book on the
         | subject, it was literally an advertisement for his services.
         | 
         | [1] http://whale.to/b/bernays.pdf
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | > "You can get practically any idea accepted," Bernays
         | explained, "if doctors are in favour. The public is willing to
         | accept it because a doctor is an authority to most people,
         | regardless of how much he knows or doesn't know."
         | 
         | Doctors should try telling people to get flu and COVID
         | vaccines. Oh wait..
        
           | saas_sam wrote:
           | 64%+ of the entire diverse population of the USA got at least
           | one shot of, from a layman's perspective, some kind of new
           | experimental wonder drug. In under a year. That is an example
           | of effective persuasion.
        
       | belval wrote:
       | My favorite story about the guy:
       | https://medium.com/@CelikBugra/psychoanalytics-behind-the-ca...
       | 
       | TLDR: Cake mix was impopular and the Betty Crocker company did
       | not understand why. They went to Bernays who theorized that it
       | was because cake mix was "too easy" leading to housewives feeling
       | guilty that they weren't really contributing anything to the
       | cake. They changed the recipe to include a fresh egg instead of
       | just water and the sales increased substantially.
        
         | amatic wrote:
         | > housewives feeling guilty
         | 
         | Or maybe the cake mix with dried egg powder didn't taste as
         | good.
        
           | hnuser847 wrote:
           | Yeah, the Freudian explanation for why this worked looks like
           | pseudo-scientific gibberish.
           | 
           | > By the Freudian psychology, an unconscious gift from the
           | woman to the husband. The woman offered her eggs and the
           | guilt has just disappeared. Because as stated on
           | changingminds.org, by the Freudian theory, "an egg also has
           | the connotation of life and birth, making the creation of the
           | cake more meaningful - the housewife thus 'gives birth' for
           | her husband."
        
             | micromacrofoot wrote:
             | that's because it is psuedo-scientific gibberish
        
             | swayvil wrote:
             | It's the science of marketing aka population-scale
             | mindfuckery. It's a solid science. It works. It rules the
             | world. And you, yes you, are clutched within its iron claw,
             | oblivious.
        
               | sumtechguy wrote:
               | The 3 step method they use works shockingly well. Build a
               | problem (not associated to your product/idea). If you can
               | tie it to some sort of base emotion all the better. Sell
               | what does fix it (happens to be a product/idea you have
               | but still not associated to you). Sell your product/idea
               | and show how the experts know your product/idea is the
               | best. When it works it is quite stunning, and many have
               | no idea it was even done to them.
        
               | swayvil wrote:
               | Wait, isn't that exactly how they sell the vax?
        
               | uoaei wrote:
               | It's how they sell everything. This behavior is shaped by
               | profit motive first and foremost.
        
               | swayvil wrote:
               | There's this stuff called "Ovaltine". It's like chocolate
               | milk powder
               | 
               | They offered it as a solution to that great national
               | scourge, "children chewing without swallowing"
               | 
               | (Cue video of callow youth. Food hanging out of his
               | greasy mouth)
               | 
               | Then they cite doctors telling us how Ovaltine is totally
               | necessary for good health.
               | 
               | Ya, your 3step program
        
               | sumtechguy wrote:
               | That is an example. But usually for the 3 steps to be
               | effective it would be different distinct stages separated
               | by time. You would for example read about 'the scourge'
               | in some mags/newspapers. The mags would amp it up for
               | weeks/months. Then 'scientists say' stage, usually the
               | same news/mags/newspapers talking about it how 'some
               | things are known to fight it, milk chocolate for
               | example'. Get some peer reviewed papers written up to
               | back it up, or '4 out of 5 kids agree' sort of thing.
               | Then commercial time. Showing all three together. If you
               | dump them all together you will get a small segment
               | buying it. But if you prime the pump for them to be ready
               | to accept the idea and solution. You get more traction on
               | it. One downside is it is wickedly difficult to see when
               | you are being subjected to it. As the campaign is
               | designed to hide from you until the solution is
               | presented.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | brimble wrote:
           | Yeah... one reason I don't use cake mix because by the time
           | you have to have do the egg part yourself, you may as well
           | just mix the rest too. Everything's a totally normal
           | ingredient any minimally-stocked kitchen will have--which,
           | the egg is too, but it's the messiest/fiddliest ingredient
           | involved (not saying it's rocket science to crack a damn egg,
           | but everything else is easier and less error-prone).
           | 
           | I might use it, sometimes, if it eliminated the egg step but
           | still tasted good. I suspect it tasted like crap.
           | 
           | [EDIT] Should have written, the messiest and fiddliest
           | ingredient _necessarily_ involved. Chocolate can be much,
           | much worse if you 're melting bars rather than using powder,
           | as can some other things that _may_ be in a cake.
        
           | gist wrote:
           | > Or maybe the cake mix with dried egg powder didn't taste as
           | good.
           | 
           | It's not one or the other and can easily be both reasons.
        
           | swayvil wrote:
           | That is a concise and logical explanation, consistent with
           | the popular narrative and affirms the agency of the common
           | housewife. Smartly done!
        
           | belval wrote:
           | That's entirely possible, just not how the story goes. When
           | it comes to story in people presented as "marketing
           | geniuses", it's always good to remember that they were
           | probably equally good at selling themselves and their story.
        
             | smartscience wrote:
             | Obligatory https://xkcd.com/125/
        
         | andrei_says_ wrote:
         | This is taken almost verbatim from Century of the Self.
         | 
         | The full documentary is free on YouTube and worth the time.
        
         | swayvil wrote:
         | Theater is everything, everywhere, all the time.
         | 
         | Find out what they really want. To be loved, to be a good
         | person, to be smart, to be successful, to have a bright
         | future...
         | 
         | And then tell them a story about how that is exactly how it is.
         | 
         | They will buy it. Every time
        
         | Psyonic wrote:
         | I am very suspicious this is a Just-So story. This BBC article
         | seems to agree
         | (https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20171027-the-magic-
         | cakes-...). Also interestingly credits the marketing aspect to
         | Ernest Dichter instead of Bernays.
         | 
         | Quote: In later years, many would portray this as a pivotal
         | moment in the history of cake mixes, the inflection point of a
         | dramatic upward curve.
         | 
         | The truth is, though, that the cake companies already knew
         | about the egg problem. In fact, as early as 1933 Duff had
         | introduced a mix that had bakers add eggs themselves. "The
         | housewife and the purchasing public in general seem to prefer
         | fresh eggs and hence the use of dried or powdered eggs is
         | somewhat of a handicap from a psychological standpoint," reads
         | the patent application (read more on Duff's cake patents in
         | this lovely Bon Appetit story about cake mix). And actually,
         | the mixes worked better that way. "The fact was one of the
         | reasons cake mixes didn't taste good was they tasted like dried
         | eggs," says Shapiro. The companies performed surveys and asked
         | women which version they would buy - the results were
         | contradictory - and in the end, they just did as they pleased.
        
         | BitwiseFool wrote:
         | In hindsight the solution seems so obvious. I wonder what lead
         | to this insight. Did he get direct feedback, or did he intuit
         | it?
        
       | s_dev wrote:
       | TIL: 'Engineering Consent' was coined in 1955
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Engineering_of_Consent
       | 
       | I always assumed this was a Noam Chomsky thing.
        
         | programmarchy wrote:
         | Although the term wasn't coined yet, the idea of engineering
         | consent goes back even further to the Enlightenment period,
         | when Reason sought to overthrow King and Church. Weishaupt and
         | his Illuminists (of conspiracy theory fame) reasoned that men
         | were largely mechanistic in nature, and could be controlled by
         | their passions. Therefore, whoever could control men's passions
         | could control men. Their intentions were nobler then if you
         | take them at face value (i.e. help men become enlightened
         | beings rather than consumers), but illuminism was a crude form
         | of the behaviorism and structural functionalism operating
         | today. It's pretty interesting to trace the developments from
         | then, up until the advertising and PR we are immersed in today.
        
         | smingo wrote:
         | Chomsky talked of "Manufacturing Consent".
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manufacturing_Consent
        
       | Julesman wrote:
       | http://centuryoftheself.com/
        
       | estebank wrote:
       | The Century of the Self was a great 4 part British documentary
       | about this.
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Century_of_the_Self
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | +1
         | 
         | Probably Adam Curtis's best documentary series.
        
         | shermablanca wrote:
         | Came here to say this. Fantastic documentary, very eye-opening.
         | Glad to see Bernays and the history of propaganda getting
         | noticed more. Very relevant in today's age of mass propaganda.
        
       | dang wrote:
       | I changed the URL from
       | https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=461246...,
       | which is mostly a radio episode, to a readable article with
       | background. Other suggestions are welcome.
       | 
       | There's also this about Bernays: https://theconversation.com/the-
       | manipulation-of-the-american...
       | 
       | and this: https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=3128
       | 
       | and Adam Curtis's famous documentary about this stuff:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Century_of_the_Self
        
         | heresie-dabord wrote:
         | Sir, this quality of moderation is worth some multiple of what
         | you are paid.
         | 
         | Imagine what Bernays would do if he were in control of a
         | strife-monetising _social media_ product.
         | 
         | Cheers!
        
       | uoaei wrote:
       | You -- fallible you! -- are not immune to propaganda.
       | 
       | Being able to understand the ulterior motives at play in
       | advertising and PR more broadly does not absolve you of being
       | caught under the spell. I had trouble reconciling this for a
       | while after getting turned on to media criticism outlets, e.g.
       | Citations Needed podcast[1]. But it is important to stay humble
       | and remember that you are still a bag of electrified proteins
       | that reacts essentially the same as other bags of electrified
       | proteins, and so are subject to essentially the same forces.
       | 
       | [1] https://citationsneeded.libsyn.com/
        
         | 0x4d464d48 wrote:
         | Manipulators tell you how special, wonderful and smart you are.
         | 
         | The socially conscious tell you how weak, falliable, unspecial
         | and prone to folly you are.
         | 
         | The socially conscious have a really, really tough sell. At
         | worst it becomes an exercise in catering to someone's vanity to
         | be "more woke" than those other dullards.
         | 
         | Robert Greene really hammered the point home in his opus "The
         | Laws of Human Nature". People, all of us, need to cater to our
         | vanity. We aren't well equiped to accept the idea that we can
         | do stupid things or even just be stupid.
         | 
         | It's far easier to fool a person than to convince a person
         | they've been fooled. The great struggle of our time isn't
         | telling truth to power it's telling truth to our own
         | communities...
        
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